pliers

Abstract

The invention relates to a pair of pliers (1) having two pliers arms (3, 4) intersecting each other with a joint bolt (2) having a joint bolt axis (x), one pliers arm (4) may be movable and the other fixed; a gripping portion (8, 9) is formed on one side of the joint bolt (2) and jaws (5, 6) cooperating as a pliers mouth (7) are provided on the other side of the joint bolt (2); furthermore, the movable pliers arm (4) has a long slot (13) with a pawl (16) and the joint bolt (2) located in a receiving portion (12) is movable out of engagement and the movable arm (4) passes through the fixed pliers arm (3); the long slot (13) has an extension (S) on the gripping side running transversely to the orientation of the pliers arms (3, 4) in the closed position of the pliers (1). In order to design this type of pliers for safe handling and operation, according to the invention, a pawl (16) can be passed by pushing in the joint bolt (2) for adjusting the opening width (w); the passing pliers arm (4) has an extended overlap area (U) in which the passing pliers arm (4) overlaps with the passing pliers arm (3) on both sides; furthermore, the overlap area (U) extends approximately perpendicular to the adjustment direction (r) of the joint bolt (2) in the long slot (16), has a width (g) corresponding to at least 0.5 times the maximum degree of adjustment (f) and has a length (d) corresponding to at least twice the maximum degree of adjustment (f).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pliers comprising two plier arms crossing each other via a joint bolt having a joint shaft, one of which is a movable plier arm and the other is a fixed plier arm, wherein a grip portion is formed on one side of the joint bolt, and jaws cooperating as a mouth of the pliers are provided on the other side of the joint bolt, the movable plier arm further has a long slot with a pawl, the joint bolt located in a receiving portion is movable out of meshing engagement, the movable plier arm is inserted through the fixed plier arm, and the long slot further has, on the grip side, an extension extending transversely to the orientation of the plier arm in the closed position of the pliers.

[0002] The present invention further relates to a pliers comprising two plier arms pivotable about a rotation shaft and a plier mouth formed by two jaws, wherein the plier mouth has opposing working surfaces, namely a first working surface and a second working surface, which are provided with teeth over most of their entire length when viewed from the free end of the jaw toward the rotation shaft, the pointed teeth of which have tooth tips facing toward the rotation shaft, and other pointed teeth have tooth tips facing toward the free end of the jaw.

[0003] The present invention further relates to a pliers comprising two plier arms pivotable about a rotation shaft and a plier mouth, wherein the plier mouth has a working surface with teeth, and the extension of the tooth tips of the pointed teeth on the working surface faces toward the rotation shaft. The teeth each further have an angle bisector, which starts from the tooth tip and extends toward the side opposite the plier mouth, toward the free end of the jaw or toward the joint-side end of the plier mouth.

[0004] The present invention further relates to pliers having two plier arms rotatable about a pivot axis and a plier jaw, the plier jaw having a toothed working surface, the pointed teeth such that the extension of the tooth tips on the working surface points toward the pivot axis, and a through-surface, depicted as a line from a viewpoint where the pivot axis is depicted as a point, extends through the plier jaw. The through-surface arises from the fact that it extends perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of a long slot that receives an adjustable joint bolt in the maximum closed position of the plier jaw, or that it extends such that the pivot axis extends within the through-surface. For long slots, the intersection of the longitudinal center plane and the longitudinal centerline is selected, or the orientation of the through-plane is selected, if the axis of rotation extends within the through-plane, such that contact between opposing working surfaces occurs for the first time at the free end of the jaws at a predetermined opening angle. The tooth tips further terminate at different perpendicular distances from the through-plane, and the teeth further have angle bisectors that form an acute angle with the through-plane. The acute angle lies in the region where the angle bisector extends within the region of the pliers jaws, and in some of the teeth it is formed between the perpendicular and the axis of rotation, and in other parts of the teeth it is formed between the perpendicular and the free end of the pliers jaws.

[0005] The present invention further relates to pliers having two plier arms and plier jaws that are pivotable about a rotation axis, wherein the plier jaws have a working surface with teeth, and the tips of the teeth face toward the rotation axis. A polyline can be drawn connecting the tips of the teeth. The segments of the polyline are further angled toward each other, and the polyline is located opposite each other when the plier jaws are in the open position. [Background technology]

[0006] This type of pliers is known from Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2. The pliers known from Patent Document 2 are adjustable in terms of the opening width, particularly in the closed position of the plier jaws, for which the joint bolt first disengages from the meshed state and moves to the maximum possible open position by the rotation of the plier arm. The movable plier arm then displaces, preferably together with the joint bolt, within a toothed long slot. By rotating the plier arm back, the mesh between the long slot and the joint bolt is finally re-formed. In this case, a geometrical displacement of the joint bolt axis occurs within the long slot accordingly. In the pliers known from Patent Document 1, it is not possible to fix and adjust the opening width.

[0007] There are also pliers in which the joint bolt engages and can be pushed in to adjust the width of the jaws. Refer to Patent Document 3 (Patent Document 4) for this. According to this, when the pliers are closed, a long slot extends in the direction of the movable plier arm. Such pliers may also have a toothed working surface in the area of ​​the plier jaws. This type of plier is known, for example, from Patent Document 5. In general-purpose universal pliers, such toothed plier jaws are usually called burner holes. In pliers in which the width of the plier jaws cannot be adjusted, the axis of rotation of the joint pin can form the joint bolt axis. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 5,996,450 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 5,752,419 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2008 / 049850 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0064861 [Patent Document 5] German Utility Model Registration Application Publication No. 20 2013 191 985 Specification [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] In view of the prior art described above, the present invention aims to design a target type of pliers in a way that is advantageous in terms of handling and operation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to the first inventive concept, this objective can be achieved by pliers that allow a stopper to pass through by pushing in a joint bolt to adjust the opening width. Preferably, the insertion-side pliers arm, which is a movable pliers arm, has a long overlap region, in which the insertion-side pliers arm, which is preferably a fixed pliers arm, overlaps on both sides of the insertion-side pliers arm. The overlap region extends substantially perpendicular to the adjustment direction of the joint bolt in the long slot and has a width corresponding to 0.5 times or more the maximum adjustment degree and a length corresponding to 2 times or more the maximum adjustment degree.

[0011] As a result of the presented configuration, a functionally safe pliers design and its ergonomically advantageous handling are achieved. In a preferred embodiment, the joint bolt is moved to a released position in the direction of the joint bolt axis to disengage the latch. It is preferable that such a load to displace the joint bolt is applied only intentionally, for example, as a result of pressing with the thumb, particularly with the thumb of the hand gripping the pliers. Swiveling motion of the pliers arm to the maximum possible open position is not required to adjust the opening width of the pliers jaws.

[0012] The overlapping region can be observed in the closed position of the pliers, and more preferably in the position of minimum opening width adjustment.

[0013] In a plan view of pliers where the geometric longitudinal axis of the joint bolt is depicted as a point, if the overlapping regions of the inserted pliers arms do not coincide and extend, the maximum overlapping edge contour of the inserted pliers arm defines the overlapping region, and this edge contour can also be composed of upper and lower edge contours, each having the greatest degree of overlap, forming a pseudo-virtual edge contour over the length of the overlapping region.

[0014] The insertion area of ​​the pliers arm being inserted can preferably be uniformly realized in the material with respect to the gripping area of ​​the pliers head and the pliers arm being inserted.

[0015] A joint bolt that can be actuated by pushing may preferably have an opposing stopper that can engage with the stopper of the oval hole. In this case, two or more capture positions, preferably three or more different capture positions, for example five or eight different capture positions, for example four, six or seven different capture positions, and the corresponding number of pliers opening widths can be adjusted along the longitudinal range of the oval hole with the stopper.

[0016] The operation of this joint bolt for disengaging or forming the locking mechanism can also be achieved in an ergonomically advantageous manner through a preferred elongated structural shape. This is achieved as a result of a selected overlap in the transition area between the pliers area receiving the joint bolt and the gripping portion. The elongated design thus achieved in the overlap area makes it easier to handle the pliers, for example, in hard-to-reach places.

[0017] Furthermore, the overlap region is preferably formed in a plier arm region extending in the longitudinal direction, that is, perpendicularly to the adjustment direction, preferably substantially linearly, and is delimited by widened portions provided on the two plier arms, preferably delimited by a widened portion for forming a plier head having a joint forming portion at one end, and by an outward offset of the plier arm for forming a handle region at the other end.

[0018] The overlap region preferably has a substantially constant width over the length described above. This width may deviate, for example, by up to 2% (smaller or larger) from the average width over the length of the overlap region, but in any case is preferably less than 10%.

[0019] The width of the overlap region can, for example, correspond to between 0.5 times and 2 times the adjustment degree, and the length thereof can correspond to between 2 times and 5 times or 10 times the adjustment degree.

[0020] In particular, the two plier arm portions in this transition region between the plier region receiving the joint bolt and the gripping portion can preferably extend in the same direction, in particular can extend in the same direction relative to each center line formed at the center between the outer edges. Said center line extends substantially perpendicularly to the adjustment direction of the joint bolt. In a preferred embodiment, the center lines of these plier arm portions can extend substantially parallel to each other. In the context of the present invention, even an acute angle from, for example, 1 degree or 2 degrees to 10 degrees or 15 degrees can be regarded as substantially the same direction.

[0021] When the maximum adjustment degree of the plier arms relative to each other along the long slot is, for example, about 10 mm, the length of the plier arm portions extending in substantially the same direction in the direction transverse thereto is, for example, about 20 to 30 mm

[0022] The above object can also be achieved in that both working surfaces each have teeth in the range from the free end of the jaw to the rotation axis, said teeth have tooth tips directed towards the rotation axis and continue to further teeth within the same working surface, the tooth tips of these further teeth are directed towards the free end of the jaw, or vice versa, and the oppositely directed groups of teeth are further formed on opposite sides to each other on the first and second working surfaces, respectively.

[0023] Favorable torque transmission to a workpiece gripped between the jaws, for example a round bolt, is achieved as a result of the presented orientation of the groups of teeth. The workpiece can be gripped by one or more teeth directed towards the free end of the jaw in the region of one working surface, and by one or more teeth directed towards the rotation axis in the region of the other working surface. Furthermore, an increase in torque on the workpiece can preferably be achieved in that the workpiece is gripped in a transition region between two groups of teeth with different tooth orientations in the region of one working surface, and optionally, is gripped by tooth tips directed in a selected rotation direction in the region of the other working surface.

[0024] The angle bisector relates to the angle between the two flanks of a tooth when viewing the longitudinal gap through the plier jaws. Said flanks from this perspective may preferably extend straight. However, they can also have a convex or concave curvature. If said flanks extend as a curve, a geometric straight line from the tooth tip to the tooth root is used for determining the angle bisector. If the tooth root is not otherwise defined, the lowest point between two adjacent teeth can be used as the tooth root. If a flank extends starting straight from the tooth tip first and then transitions into a curve, only the straight portion of the tooth flank can be used to define the angular boundary of the angle bisector.

[0025] In pliers equipped with pliers jaws having teeth, the above-mentioned objective can be achieved by the fact that, when viewed from the free end of the working surface of the pliers jaw toward the axis of rotation, a first group of teeth is first formed on the first working surface of the pliers jaw, the angle bisector of each of these first group of teeth extends inclined toward the free end of the jaw from the tooth tip toward the opposite side of the pliers jaw, the first group of teeth continues to a second group of teeth, the angle bisector of each of the second group extends inclined toward the joint-side end of the pliers jaw, and the second group of teeth continues to a third group of teeth, the angle bisector of each of the third group again extends inclined toward the free end of the jaw.

[0026] The first group described above does not necessarily have to be the absolute first group of pliers. In any case, the second and third groups according to the design described above follow this specified first group.

[0027] Preferably, at least three consecutive groups of teeth are formed on the first work surface in a longitudinal range starting from the end of the working surface of the pliers jaws opposite the axis of rotation, i.e., from the free end of the jaws. In this case, adjacent groups have different tooth orientations with respect to the range of angle bisectors and inclination.

[0028] Furthermore, preferably, a corresponding group of teeth is also formed on a second working surface on the opposite side, and these groups are preferably located opposite the group of teeth on the first working surface. The opposite position is achieved particularly when the corresponding teeth or groups of teeth act simultaneously on a round or multi-sided part gripped by the pliers. With respect to the total length of the through-surface penetrating the pliers jaws, this can be achieved on a part with an optional maximum diameter corresponding to, for example, one-quarter or one-half of the total length mentioned. Further details will be provided later.

[0029] With respect to a plane such as the longitudinal center plane of the pliers, but in any case with respect to the through-plane of the pliers jaw, an acute angle may be formed between the angle bisector and the perpendicular to that plane in the region of the pliers jaw. With respect to the through-plane, an acute angle may also be formed in the region of the pliers jaw between the bisector and the perpendicular to the through-plane. In this case, the through-plane can be oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the long slot, in which case the joint bolt can be displaced in the pliers of the design described above, for example, to adjust the opening width, or the through-plane can extend in such a way that the axis of rotation extends within this plane. Furthermore, the orientation of such a through-plane can be selected such that the first contact between the areas of the work surfaces formed in the free end region during the process of closing the pliers jaw occurs at this through-plane.

[0030] This through-surface may or may not coincide with the longitudinal center plane described above.

[0031] The aforementioned geometric longitudinal centerline is formed in the adjustment direction of the joint bolt in the long slot. The through surface extends perpendicular to it, and this perpendicular may intersect the longitudinal centerline within the extending range of the long slot, and may also intersect in the region of a virtual extension of the longitudinal centerline that extends beyond the boundary of the long slot.

[0032] The long slots in which the joint bolts can be adjusted may extend in a curved manner. In such cases, the longitudinal centerline also extends in a curved manner, usually in the form of segments of a circle with a relatively large diameter. In this case, perpendiculars to the tangent to the longitudinal centerline are formed at the intersections.

[0033] In this case, the free end is the jaw region, preferably located beyond the center of the pliers jaws formed in the longitudinal range of the jaws opposite the axis of rotation. Furthermore, this free end may also be formed by an additional working area of ​​the jaws, which, in the closed position of the pliers, extends from the toothed pliers jaws toward the ends of the jaws. These additional working areas may also be provided with teeth, but may instead be realized by, for example, a smooth surface.

[0034] The first contact of the working surfaces at the free ends of the jaws may occur, for example, by the direct contact of the tips of the teeth of both jaws. In this case, the closed position of the pliers may be reached simultaneously with this first contact. This first contact may also occur only by the first simultaneous contact of one or more teeth on each of the two working surfaces, which are spaced apart in the direction of the through-face.

[0035] In the process of closing the pliers jaws, one working surface can be displaced, simultaneously with the initial contact, until the necessary contact with the other working surface occurs, assuming that the through surface is already in contact with it. This position of the through surface is conceptually in a semi-frozen state during subsequent observation. Therefore, references to the through surface should always be considered to refer to the frozen state.

[0036] The initial contact described above refers to the teeth of the pliers jaw located in the anterior region of the pliers jaw belonging to the free end of the jaw. Therefore, with respect to the entire length of the through surface penetrating the pliers jaw, it relates accordingly to the anterior half of the entire length, preferably allocated to the free end.

[0037] The "initial" contact of the through-surface can also be formed by the enveloping surfaces of the teeth. These enveloping surfaces are depicted in the form of a polyline that linearly connects the tooth tips, from the viewpoint described above. This is possible, in particular, on the toothed working surface in the free-end region, where the teeth mesh with each other in the closed position of the pliers jaws. In this case, the initial contact of the through-surface by the working surface in the free-end region occurs accordingly before reaching the closed position, and furthermore, the contact of the corresponding working surface on the through-surface can occur in a puncturing or layered manner.

[0038] First, and without considering the through-face, when viewed from the free end of the working surface of the pliers jaw toward the axis of rotation, it is preferable that the first group of teeth are first formed on the first working surface of the pliers jaw. The acute angles of this first group of teeth are formed between the perpendicular and the axis of rotation. This first group of teeth continues to the second group of teeth, in which the acute angles are formed between the perpendicular and the free end of the working surface of the pliers jaw. Then, this second group of teeth continues to the third group of teeth, and the acute angles of the third group are again formed between the perpendicular and the axis of rotation.

[0039] With respect to the longitudinal range of the work surface, it is advantageous that at least two changes occur in the orientation of the teeth. Viewed from the direction of the pliers jaws, due to the orientation of the angle bisector described above, the first group of teeth tend to point toward the axis of rotation, the second group of teeth tend to point toward the free end of the work surface, and the third group of teeth tend to point toward the axis of rotation again.

[0040] Acute angles can have values ​​between approximately 0.5 degrees and approximately 60 degrees or more, preferably between approximately 1 degree and approximately 50 degrees. For example, an angular range between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 25 degrees or between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 45 degrees can preferably be realized within one group, while an angular range between approximately 3 degrees and approximately 20 degrees or between approximately 25 degrees and approximately 50 degrees can be realized within another group.

[0041] Two groups of teeth, each with the aforementioned changes in tooth orientation, are also formed on the opposite work surface. In this case, one group on the second, opposite work surface may have so many teeth that it is located opposite multiple groups, for example, two groups, on the first work surface.

[0042] Depending on the selected orientation of the tooth groups on both working surfaces, regions with different effects can be formed within the pliers jaws. For example, one or two adjacent tooth groups with corresponding orientations in one region can act counterclockwise favorably on a workpiece such as a screw, while another region, separated from the first, functions to act clockwise favorably on the workpiece. The presented alternating tooth groups allow for the transmission of greater torque than in a general-purpose design. With regard to the handling of pliers, the ability to advantageously achieve a predetermined claw-type mutual lock between the teeth and the workpiece allows for the transmission of greater force than with general-purpose solutions during the process of applying the same torque value, before the uncertain mutual lock between the teeth of the workpiece and the work surface breaks.

[0043] Regarding torque transmission and screwing direction, it is important that opposing teeth on both working surfaces act on the workpiece.

[0044] In pliers having a pliers mouth with teeth, the above objective can be further achieved by another idea of ​​the present invention, wherein each of the above polylines has two adjacent segments facing the pliers mouth, which are at an angle of less than 170 degrees, for example 100 degrees, opposite these segments, where the segments of the other polyline are located, similarly facing the pliers mouth, and at an angle of 170 degrees or more, for example 190 degrees, and each polyline includes two segments that, when viewed in the same direction, are at an angle of 190 degrees or more to each other.

[0045] A pliers jaw design that is advantageous in handling the pliers is achieved by the arrangement and orientation of the pointed teeth as presented. For example, preferably the polylines on both working surfaces can be realized in an overall elongated sinusoidal shape, and in the side view of the pliers jaw, there are wave crests and wave bases, with a reversal point between the wave base and wave crest. With respect to the through surface, it is preferable that the wave crest of the polyline on one working surface is located on the opposite side of the wave base of the polyline on the other working surface.

[0046] As mentioned above regarding the angular orientation of the teeth, this can be advantageous for forming a region within the pliers jaws that is designed to act counterclockwise on, for example, screws or bolts, and for forming another region spaced apart from that region that is designed to act clockwise on, for example, screws or bolts.

[0047] In a side view of the pliers jaw region or a cross-sectional view in which the geometric pivot axis of the pliers arm is depicted as a point, the polyline described above is preferably formed by connecting the tooth tips with straight lines.

[0048] The features described for angle bisectors and polylines can also be realized simultaneously in the pliers jaws.

[0049] The characteristics of the independent terms described above are important to the present invention, both individually and in combination with each other, and the characteristics of an independent term can be combined with the characteristics of another independent term or multiple independent terms, as well as with the individual characteristics of one or more other independent terms.

[0050] Features relating to the design of the teeth on the toothed working surface of the pliers jaws can be realized in pliers of a particular type, such as known universal pliers (see, for example, Figure 11 in International Publication 2017 / 134074 or U.S. Patent Application Publication 2019 / 039214, respectively) or water pump pliers (see Patent Documents 3 or 4, respectively, mentioned above).

[0051] Other features of the present invention are described below frequently, as in the description of the drawings, in their preferred relation to the object of claim 1 and / or other independent claims or features of other claims. However, they may also be important only in relation to or independently of the individual features of claim 1 and / or other independent claims or other individual claims.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment of adjusting the inserting and inserted plier arms, in the process of adjusting the opening width from small to large, in either case, a larger surface overlap of the gripping plier arm portion can be formed first. It is preferable that the entire streamlined region of the plier arm portion always reliably supports the arm portions toward each other at any position in the opening width. As a result, handling of the pliers is improved. The streamlined effect of this region is enhanced even at larger opening widths. In a preferred embodiment, the degree of overlap when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the centerline of the plier arm portion can increase as the opening width increases. Thus, at larger opening widths, an enlarged support surface of the plier arm portions toward each other is formed. Adjusting the plier jaw to a larger opening width can be advantageously achieved by applying pressure to the overlapping region of both plier arms with a finger, thereby promoting displacement toward each other.

[0053] If the opening width exceeds the minimum adjustable opening width, a reduction in the surface overlap of the pliers arm portion may optionally occur again during further displacement of the pliers arm to accommodate a larger opening width. Furthermore, the opening region where the surface overlap of the pliers arm portion reaches its maximum can be traversed during the displacement of the pliers arm from the position of the minimum possible opening width to the position of the maximum possible opening width after the interlock in the oval hole is released.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, at least a partial overlap of the plier arm portions is formed at any opening position of the pliers.

[0055] The width of the pliers in the overlap region also initially decreases when adjusting the pliers from the closed position to a larger opening width, particularly when adjusting from the minimum opening width to a larger opening width. In this case, the minimum width of the pliers in the region of the plier arm described above is formed at the maximum possible overlap.

[0056] Furthermore, the width of such a streamlined region is preferably much smaller than the width of the jaw region, and more preferably the width of the plier arm region, in the same direction at any opening width, particularly with respect to the closed position of the mouth. For example, the maximum width of the plier arm region described above can be, for example, about 0.3 to 0.8 times, and more preferably 0.4 to 0.6 times, the width of the jaw or plier arm region, respectively. As a result, the constricted shape described above is obtained in the plier arm region.

[0057] In another embodiment, the fixed pliers arm may have a recess designed for pressing action of a joint bolt. In this case, the joint bolt axis is positioned eccentrically with respect to the geometric central axis of the recess. The recess is advantageous in forming a finger contact surface, particularly a thumb contact surface, for advantageous action of the joint bolt. The teeth are released by the linear displacement of the joint toward the bottom surface of the recess.

[0058] In this case, the joint bolt axis can be offset in the adjustment direction of the pliers jaws with respect to the central axis of the recess, thereby allowing it to be offset to a predetermined degree with respect to the longitudinal central plane described above. The offset arrangement of the joint bolt axis is advantageous in that it contributes to the overall elongated structural shape of the pliers.

[0059] The jaw may also have a working area in which teeth are provided. This may relate to the type of teeth described above.

[0060] In this case, the working area may have grooves toward the pliers tip with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pliers jaws, thereby leaving an opening in the front view of the pliers jaws when the pliers are closed or when the pliers jaws are closed, respectively. Therefore, preferably, a gripping opening with a tooth contour is formed on the front side of the area of ​​the pliers jaws. This is therefore advantageous with respect to handling pliers that can grip and, for example, rotate an object with the front surface of the presented pliers.

[0061] Regarding the specific design of the pliers jaws, particularly in terms of advantageous torque transmission, improvements have been made to the design and arrangement of the teeth on the first working surface, so that the third group of teeth is followed by the fourth group of teeth, and the angle bisector of the fourth group of teeth extends inclined toward the end of the pliers jaws on the joint side.

[0062] A fourth group of acute angles, between the angle bisector and the perpendicular to the surface, can be formed between the perpendicular and the free end of the working surface of the pliers when viewed towards the pliers jaws.

[0063] As a result, another change in tooth orientation occurs between the fourth group of teeth and the third group of teeth, thereby preferably providing the fourth group of teeth over the length of the first working surface. Preferably, the tooth tips of the first and third groups of teeth tend to point toward the axis of rotation when viewed from the pliers jaws, whereas preferably, the tooth tips of the fourth and second groups of teeth tend to point toward the free end of the first working surface.

[0064] Two groups of teeth that tend to point in essentially the same direction are separated in the longitudinal direction of the work area by a group of teeth that tend to point in the opposite direction.

[0065] For example, the acute angles of teeth in groups that tend to face the same direction, such as the first and third groups, or the second and fourth groups, may be substantially the same or within substantially the same range of values. In this regard, the acute angles of two groups with teeth that face substantially the same direction may be within different ranges of values. In that case, the acute angles of one group may be, for example, in the range of approximately 5 to 20 degrees, and the acute angles of the other group may be in the range of approximately 30 to 45 degrees.

[0066] Furthermore, the ranges of values ​​may partially overlap. For example, the range of values ​​for one group of teeth pointing in the same direction might be approximately 5 degrees to 35 degrees, while the range of values ​​for the other group of teeth might be approximately 30 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0067] It is preferable that groups of teeth having a predetermined orientation of angle bisector or angle orientation are located on opposite sides of a surface. With respect to the projection of the perpendiculars of these groups onto the aforementioned surface, these opposing groups can overlap completely or only partially, for example, by more than one-third or more than two-thirds. Thus, a group of teeth on a second work surface whose tooth tips tend to point toward the axis of rotation can be located at least partially opposite to a group of teeth on a first work surface whose tooth tips similarly tend to point toward the axis of rotation.

[0068] With respect to opposing positions, the tips of these teeth can be positioned apart from each other via a plane with respect to a perpendicular line. As a result, the teeth of both work surfaces can be positioned "on a gap." In this case, the tips of the teeth of the first work surface, when viewed perpendicular to the plane, are substantially oriented towards the tooth root surface between the two teeth of the second work surface in that configuration.

[0069] In another embodiment, the second working surface of the pliers jaw may be provided with a first group of teeth, in which case the angle bisector of each tooth extends inclined from the tooth tip toward the free end of the jaw opposite the pliers jaw. The first group continues to a second group of teeth, in which case the angle bisector of each tooth extends inclined toward the end of the pliers jaw on the joint side.

[0070] The acute angles of the first group on the second work surface resulting from the inclination can be formed between the perpendicular and the axis of rotation, respectively, when viewed within the pliers jaws. The acute angles of the second group on the same work surface can be formed between the perpendicular and the free end of the work surface of the pliers jaws, respectively.

[0071] Furthermore, it is preferable that the second group of teeth may have two subgroups of teeth: a first subgroup having a small inclination or a small acute angle, and a second subgroup having a larger inclination or a larger acute angle.

[0072] The second group of teeth is preferably assigned to the end region facing the axis of rotation on the second work surface. A preferred arrangement is obtained by further dividing the second group into two subgroups. In this case, the subgroup with a smaller inclination or a smaller acute angle may be formed to face the transition of the second group to the first group facing the substantially free end on the second work surface.

[0073] A subgroup may have one, two, or more teeth.

[0074] The larger acute angle values ​​of the second subgroup may preferably correspond to about 1.5 to 100 times, for example, about 3 to 50 times, the smaller acute angle values ​​of the first subgroup.

[0075] For example, the first subgroup of the second group in the area of ​​the second work surface may have acute angles in the range of approximately 0.5 to 10 degrees, for example, approximately 1 to 5 degrees, and the adjacent second subgroup may have acute angles in the range of approximately 10 to 45 degrees, for example, approximately 15 to 40 degrees.

[0076] Furthermore, the angle bisectors of teeth, particularly at the transition between two consecutive groups, can substantially coincide with the perpendicular, thereby forming no angle or a 0-degree angle between them.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, a round bolt can be gripped by one or more opposing and oppositely oriented teeth on the first and second working surfaces in the front region of the pliers jaws facing the free end of the jaws, and in the rear region of the pliers jaws facing the axis of rotation. Teeth in different groups of teeth engage with the round bolt in the front and rear regions, respectively. The round bolt can be gripped by two teeth in the rear region, each tooth assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces and their tips extending in opposite directions. Similarly, the round bolt can be gripped by two teeth in the front region, each tooth assigned to one of the corresponding working surfaces and their tips extending in opposite directions.

[0078] For possible diameters of such round bolts, please refer to the explanation above.

[0079] Furthermore, the teeth on the work surface used to grip workpieces such as round bolts in two ways in the front and rear regions are inclined in opposite directions. Additionally, the teeth on the first work surface assigned to the rear region may be inclined in the same direction as the teeth on the second work surface assigned to the front region.

[0080] Furthermore, if a round bolt has a diameter that requires a pliers jaw opening of approximately 10 degrees to grip the round bolt in the aforementioned front or rear region, it is shown that in either case, two ways of gripping the round bolt are possible.

[0081] Furthermore, this type of gripping may also be possible at other opening angles of the pliers jaws. For example, it may be possible at pliers jaw openings of up to 30 or 45 degrees, and preferably at opening positions of less than 10 degrees, or even in a fully closed position of the pliers jaws, depending on the overall design of the pliers jaws. In this case, each opening of the pliers jaws depends on the diameter of the workpiece, i.e., the round bolt, and the gripping position in the pliers jaws, and therefore depends on whether the workpiece is gripped by the pliers jaws in the forward region located at a distance from the joint or in the rear region located near the joint. The arrangement of a round bolt in the forward region of the pliers jaws requires a smaller opening of the pliers jaws than the arrangement of a round bolt of the same diameter in the rear region.

[0082] It may be advantageous to determine the orientation of the tooth tip by tooth surfaces of different lengths on each tooth. When the tooth tip is pointed toward the axis of rotation, a longer tooth surface is formed on the side of the tooth tip opposite the axis of rotation. When the tooth tip is pointed toward the free end of the jaw, a longer tooth surface is formed on the side of the tooth tip opposite the free end of the jaw.

[0083] In a viewpoint where the axis of rotation is depicted as a point, tooth surfaces are formed on both sides of the tooth tip, and these tooth surfaces extend from the tooth tip to the tooth valley, forming the transition area to the next tooth and its tooth surface.

[0084] From the above perspective, the tooth surface may extend in a straight line, but it may also be partially curved, at the discretion of the dentist. When the surface extends in a curved manner, the length of the tooth surface can be defined by a straight line connecting the ends of the tooth surface. Refer to the explanation above in this regard as well.

[0085] With respect to this disclosure, the ranges or values ​​indicated above or below include all intermediate values, particularly intermediate values ​​in 1 / 10 increments in each dimension, but may be dimensionless at the discretion of the disclosure. For example, the indication 0.5 to 3 includes disclosures such as 0.6 to 3, 0.5 to 2.9, 0.6 to 2.9, etc.; the indication less than 170 degrees includes disclosures such as less than 169.9 degrees, etc.; and the indication 5 to 25 degrees includes disclosures such as 5.1 to 25 degrees, 5 to 24.9 degrees, 5.1 to 24.9 degrees, etc. Each disclosure is used, on the one hand, to define the lower and / or upper limits of the indicated range, but may also be used, in lieu of or in addition to, to disclose one or more individual values ​​from the range indicated, respectively. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0086] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only. Components described with reference to one of the exemplary embodiments and which cannot be replaced by different parts in another exemplary embodiment will therefore be described as components that are potentially present in this other exemplary embodiment as well. [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the type of pliers relevant to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows a front view of the pliers. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows a side view of the pliers indicated by arrow III in Figure 2. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows a rear view of the pliers. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a magnified, detailed view of region V in Figure 2. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows a front view of the pliers indicated by arrow VI in Figure 5. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows a magnified, detailed view of area VII in Figure 6. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a greatly enlarged view of region VIII in Figure 2. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows a magnified view of the pliers opening corresponding to Figure 8. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows a magnified view of region X in Figure 9, where one jaw is simply indicated by a dashed line. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 10, where the other jaw is simply indicated by a dashed line. [Figure 12] Figure 12 shows a magnified view of region XII in Figure 9, where one jaw is simply indicated by a dashed line. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 2, where the other jaw is simply shown by a dashed line. [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows an enlarged portion along line XIV-XIV in Figure 4. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is substantially a counterpart to Figure 14 and relates to the joint bolt positions for releasing the interlock. [Figure 16] Figure 16 shows a cross-section along line XVI-XVI in Figure 3, relating to the minimum opening width of the pliers jaws. [Figure 17] Figure 17 shows a cross-sectional view according to Figure 16, relating to the intermediate opening width of the pliers' jaws. [Figure 18] Figure 18 shows another cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 16, relating to the maximum opening width of the pliers' jaws. [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 5, in which the workpiece is gripped in the front region of the pliers' jaws. [Figure 20] Figure 20 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 19, but the workpiece is being gripped in the rear region of the pliers' jaws. [Figure 21]Figure 21 shows a diagram of pliers according to the second embodiment. [Figure 22] Figure 22 shows a magnified, detailed view of region XXII in Figure 21. [Figure 23] Figure 23 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout shape for the pliers jaws. [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout shape for the pliers jaws. [Figure 25] Figure 25 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout shape for the pliers jaws. [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative layout shape for the pliers jaws. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0087] Referring to Figures 1-4, we will first describe the assembled form of pliers 1 and / or grip pliers. Figures 21 and 22 show such pliers 1 in the form of general-purpose universal pliers.

[0088] The pliers 1 have pliers arms 3 and 4 that intersect each other at a joint bolt 2 having a joint bolt axis x. In the exemplary embodiment, pliers arm 3 is considered a fixed pliers arm, and pliers arm 4 is considered a movable pliers arm that can pivot relative to the fixed pliers arm 3 about the fixed joint bolt axis x, thereby opening and closing the pliers jaws 7 formed between the jaws 5 and 6 of the pliers arms 3 and 4.

[0089] Jaws 5 and 6 are formed on pliers arms 3 and 4 on one side of the joint bolt 2, while gripping portions 8 and 9 are formed on the portion of pliers arm 3 and 4 opposite to jaws 5 and 6.

[0090] In the first exemplary embodiment shown in Figures 1-13, the fixed pliers arm 3 may be designed in a fork-like manner in the region where it intersects with the movable pliers arm 4, so as to wrap around the movable pliers arm 4 on both sides in the region of the correspondingly formed slot opening 10.

[0091] The joint bolt 2 is received in a perforated receiving portion 12 in the fork portion 11 of the fixed pliers arm 3, passes through a long slot 13 in the region where it intersects with the movable pliers arm 4, and also passes through another perforated opening 14 formed in the other fork portion 15 of the fixed pliers 3 on the axial extension of the perforated receiving portion 12.

[0092] The long slot 13 has a range S along the longitudinal centerline 50, which preferably extends laterally with respect to the orientation of the gripping plier arms 3 and 4 when the pliers 1 are closed, as shown in Figure 2, and thus preferably extends laterally with respect to the longitudinal range L of the pliers 1 as a whole.

[0093] The elongated slot 13 may be realized by comprising a stopper 16 along at least one longitudinal edge, preferably along both longitudinal edges, in order to cooperate with a corresponding stopper 17 formed on the outer wall of the joint bolt 2.

[0094] The opposing chock 17 extends from the joint bolt base 19 located within the receiving portion 12 of the fork portion 11, over approximately half the length range of the joint bolt 2 in the direction of the joint bolt axis x. This enables the teething between the joint bolt 2 and the long slot 13 in the basic orientation of the joint bolt 2, as shown in Figures 14 and 16, for example.

[0095] The joint bolt 2 is preferably subjected to the action of a spring, such as a leaf spring 18, in this basic orientation. In this case, the leaf spring 18 can preferably be fixed to the area of ​​the fork portion 11 of the fixed pliers arm 3, and its free end can act on the joint bolt base 19, thereby pressing the joint bolt 2 in a stopping-limiting manner in the meshing direction.

[0096] In this basic orientation, the joint bolt 2 protrudes further beyond the outer edge of another opening 14 formed in the fork portion 15, and its outer opening edge is oriented axially outward, thereby forming a plate-shaped operating projection 20.

[0097] Preferably, the leaf spring 18 is arranged to extend from a support region formed on the relevant end of the joint bolt, i.e., the joint bolt base 19, to an overlap region, and is fixed on the fixed pliers arm in the overlap region.

[0098] The fork portion 15 may have a rimless, cap-shaped recess 39 surrounding the opening 14 described above. Preferably, this recess 39 functions as a kind of thumb rest during the operation of the joint bolt 2.

[0099] The central axis y of the recess, which extends parallel to the joint bolt axis x, is preferably eccentrically positioned with respect to the joint bolt axis x, and more preferably, a corresponding offset is achieved in the adjustment direction r of the pliers jaw 7, as defined by the orientation of the long slot 13. The corresponding degree of offset a can correspond to approximately 0.3 to 0.8 times, and more preferably approximately 0.5 times, the bolt diameter (see Figure 2).

[0100] To change the opening width w between jaws 5 and 6, it is first necessary to displace the joint bolt 2 axially against the restoring force of the leaf spring 18. This releases the meshing with the long slot 13. For this purpose, the joint bolt 2 may preferably be subjected to pressure load in the area of ​​the operating projection 20, for example, as a result of thumb movement. As shown in Figure 15, the meshing is released when the joint bolt 2 is displaced axially, thereby allowing the movable pliers arm 4 to be displaced linearly in the adjustment direction r relative to the fixed pliers arm 3.

[0101] At this displaced position of the joint bolt 2, its base 19 is movable to a position away from the relevant surface of the fork portion 11 in the direction of the joint bolt axis x. Therefore, the end of the joint bolt 2 facing away from the operating projection 20 protrudes from the receiving portion 12 (see Figure 15).

[0102] Figures 16-18 show pliers 1 according to a first embodiment having differently adjusted opening widths w. Figure 16 shows an example of the smallest possible opening width w, Figure 18 shows an example of the largest possible opening width w, and Figure 17 shows an intermediate position.

[0103] In the first exemplary embodiment described above, for example, in the closed position of the pliers in Figure 16, plier arm portions 21 and 22, which have substantially the same directional range, are further formed between the intersecting fork portions 11 and 15 and gripping portions 8 and 9 when viewed in the longitudinal range L of the pliers 1. In the closed position of the pliers, these plier arm portions 21 and 22 extend substantially parallel to each other and more preferably in a direction parallel to a longitudinal center plane E that penetrates the center of the pliers jaws 7. This longitudinal center plane E penetrates both plier arms 3 and 4 equally, and particularly in the regions of plier arm portions 21 and 22.

[0104] When viewed over the longitudinal range of the pliers 1, the plier arm portions 21 and 22 are substantially separated by widened portions formed over them, namely, on the gripping side they are separated by offset regions 40 and 41, and on the opposite side they are separated by a widened portion that forms the plier head 42 having a long slot 13 and fork portions 11 and 15 (see Figure 16 in particular).

[0105] In the closed position of the pliers jaw described above, the outer edges 43 and 44 that define the pliers arm portion 21 preferably extend perpendicular to the long slot 13 or the adjustment direction r, particularly parallel to each other, and preferably also parallel to the outer edges 45 and 46 of the other pliers arm portion 22.

[0106] In this case, the movable pliers arm 4 on the insertion side is superimposed with the fixed pliers arm 3 on the insertion side in the overlap region U (the region hatched in Figures 16-18 for better overview). This overlap is substantially formed in the regions of pliers arm portions 21 and 22.

[0107] When viewed in the longitudinal direction L of the pliers 1, the total length d of the overlap region U can correspond to approximately 2 to 4 times the degree of adjustability f of the joint bolt 2 in the lateral long slot 13 with respect to the longitudinal orientation of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22. The width g of the overlap region U located between the outer edge 45 of the movable pliers arm 4 and the outer edge 44 of the fixed pliers arm 3 (see Figure 16), or between the outer edge 43 of the fixed pliers arm 3 and the outer edge 46 of the movable pliers arm 4 (see Figures 17 and 18) depending on the adjustment of the opening width, can correspond to approximately 0.5 to 2 times the degree of adjustability f of the joint bolt 2 in the lateral long slot 13 with respect to the longitudinal orientation of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22. Furthermore, the width g of the overlap region can correspond to approximately 1.5 to 4 times the corresponding length d.

[0108] In either case, the width g of the overlap region U first increases during adjustment from the minimum opening width w to the maximum opening width w. For example, it increases during adjustment from the minimum opening width w shown in Figure 16 to an intermediate position of the adjustable opening shown in Figure 17. In this case, at least a nearly complete overlap of the plier arm portions 21 and 22 can be formed at this possible intermediate position. The length d, on the other hand, can be at least nearly the same at all opening width positions of the pliers 1 with respect to the closed position of the pliers jaws.

[0109] As the overlap width g increases, the width h of the pliers 1 in the region of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22 decreases. In this regard, the preferred minimum width h in the closed position of the pliers jaws may correspond to about 0.4 to 0.6 times, and even about 0.5 times, the length d. The possible maximum width h when the pliers arm portions 21 and 22 overlap only partially may correspond to, for example, about 0.6 to 0.9 times, and even about 0.75 times, the aforementioned length d of the pliers arm portions 21 and 22.

[0110] In particular, in the regions of the plier arm portions 21 and 22, an overall elongated structural shape of the pliers 1 is obtained. It is preferable that the plier arm portions 21 and 22 are set back behind the jaws 5 and 6 that are formed, regardless of how the width of the plier jaws is adjusted. The width k of the pliers 1, viewed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal central plane E in the regions of jaws 5 and 6, corresponds to at least 1.3 times to about 2 times the width h of the overlapping regions of the plier arm portions 21 and 22, viewed in the same direction, at any opening width position with respect to the closed position of the plier jaws.

[0111] In the first exemplary embodiment shown in Figures 1-18, jaws 5 and 6 have working surfaces 23 and 24, each formed with only individual teeth 25 and 26. Furthermore, the opening 27 of the pliers jaw 7 is formed between these teeth 25 and teeth 26 when the pliers are in the closed position, as shown in Figure 2, for example.

[0112] Each of the tooth sections 25 and 26 is formed by a plurality of teeth 28 facing toward the pliers jaw 7. The tooth tips 29 of these teeth and the tooth valleys 30 formed between the plurality of teeth substantially extend toward the joint bolt axis x that forms the axis of rotation.

[0113] The pliers jaws 7 preferably also have an opening 27 which extends laterally and longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal center plane E, with multiple teeth 28 of teeth 25, 26 protruding therein in the minimum closed position of the pliers. In a viewpoint where the axis of rotation x is drawn as a point and the longitudinal center plane E is drawn as a line, the pliers jaws 7 are demarcated by the working surfaces 23, 24 of the jaws 5, 6 on either side of the longitudinal center plane E. As shown in the enlarged view in Figure 5, the pliers jaws further have a through surface D which may but does not have to coincide with the longitudinal center plane E. In the exemplary embodiment, the coincidence with the longitudinal center plane E occurs when the pliers jaws are further closed after the through surface D has been formed as defined.

[0114] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the through surface D may extend approximately centrally with respect to the working surfaces 23, 24 on the free ends of the jaws 5, 6 of the pliers jaws 7 in the position shown in the enlarged view of Figure 5. However, its extension ultimately depends only on the rules already described above, which will be explained again below. In this regard, the through surface D may be formed to extend perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline 50 of the long slot 13 in the fully closed adjustment position of the pliers jaws 7. In this case, the intersection P is formed between the through surface D and the longitudinal centerline 50 (see Figure 5).

[0115] In the embodiments shown in Figures 21 and 22, the axis of rotation x extends within the through-plane D, as shown in the enlarged detail view of Figure 21, and in the exemplary embodiment, coincides with the longitudinal center plane E.

[0116] In the context of this application, the maximum length of the through-surface D refers to the dimension A from the joint-side end of the opening 27 to the initial contact position of the teeth. See the enlarged view in Figure 5 for further details.

[0117] Furthermore, the orientation of the through-surface D, starting from point P, is selected such that the initial contact of both working surfaces at the free ends 48 of both jaws 5 and 6 occurs simultaneously on this through-surface D during the process of closing the pliers jaws 7. This is, for example, contact by the tooth tips in the end regions of both jaws adjacent to the pliers jaws 7, viewed with the axis of rotation x as the starting point. This initial contact may preferably occur before reaching the closed position of the pliers jaws. The enlarged detail view of Figure 5 shows this contact position, in contrast to the closed position that would have been shown in Figure 5 if there was no contact. This ensures that at least one tooth of each jaw 5 and 6 is in linear contact with the through-surface D.

[0118] For example, referring to the side view of pliers 1 in Figure 9, the tooth tip 29 has tooth surfaces 47 and 47' adjacent to it on both sides, which enter the tooth valley 30 at the end opposite to the tooth tip 29. In this figure, the linearly extending tooth surfaces 47 and 47' form an angle with each other. In the greatly enlarged views in Figures 10 and 13, for clarity, one individual jaw is simply shown with a dashed line, and the angle bisector Q is drawn in the center with respect to the tooth surfaces 47 and 47' of tooth 28. In the region where the angle bisector Q extends within the pliers jaw 7, these angle bisectors Q intersect the tooth tip 29 at the same point as the angle bisector Q and form an acute angle δ or ε with a perpendicular N that is perpendicular to the through surface D.

[0119] Figures 9, 11, and 13 show, in particular, that two groups of teeth 28, G5 and G6, each having a different orientation of acute angle δ or ε, are formed on the jaw 5. When viewed from the free end 48 of the jaw 5 on the opposite side of the rotation axis or joint bolt axis x, or when viewed from the corresponding working surface 23 facing the joint bolt axis x, the teeth 28 of the first group G5 are realized on this second working surface 23, with their acute angle δ formed between the perpendicular N and the joint bolt axis x.

[0120] The angle bisector Q of tooth 28 in this group G5 starts from the tooth tip 9 and extends upward in an inclined direction toward the free end 48 of jaw 5, opposite to the pliers mouth 7.

[0121] The acute angle δ of tooth 28 in group G5 can be, for example, approximately 20 degrees to approximately 50 degrees, and further, approximately 25 degrees to approximately 40 degrees.

[0122] In this first group 5 of jaw 5, the tooth tips 29 facing inward into the pliers jaw 7 are, in a side view, oriented towards the joint bolt axis / rotation axis x side within the pliers jaw 7. As a result, the teeth 28 have a corresponding V shape oriented towards the joint bolt axis / rotation axis x side.

[0123] The distance b from the through-face D to the tooth tip 29 in the perpendicular direction gradually increases within group G5, starting from the free end 48. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the distance b can be approximately twice as large from tooth to tooth, starting from the free end 48.

[0124] Following this group G5 is a second group G6 consisting of multiple teeth 28, each of which has an acute angle ε formed between the perpendicular N and the free end 48, and their angle bisector Q extends downward from the tooth tip 29 toward the joint bolt axis x, away from the pliers jaw 7.

[0125] This second group G6 can preferably be divided into two subgroups G6-1 and G6-2. In this case, the acute angle ε of subgroup G6-1 following the first group G5 is selected to be much smaller than the acute angle ε of subgroup G6-2 following subgroup G6-1 toward the axis of rotation x. Thus, the slope of the region of subgroup G6-1 is gentler than that of subgroup G6-2.

[0126] For example, acute angles ε ranging from approximately 0.5 degrees (or less, arbitrarily close to 0 degrees) to approximately 10 degrees, and further from approximately 1 degree to approximately 5 degrees, can be realized in the first subgroup G6-1 of the second group, and acute angles ε ranging from approximately 10 degrees to approximately 45 degrees, and further from approximately 15 degrees to approximately 40 degrees, can be realized in the second subgroup G6-2. Therefore, the acute angles ε of the second subgroup G6-2 can correspond to approximately 1.5 to approximately 100 times, and further from approximately 3 to approximately 50 times, the acute angles ε of the first subgroup G6-1.

[0127] Starting with the teeth 28 of the second group G6 or the first subgroup G6-1 that directly follows the first group G5, the perpendicular distance b of the teeth 28 from the through surface D may gradually decrease toward the axis of rotation x. In this case, the distance b of the first teeth 28 of the second group G6 that directly follows the first group G5 may be selected to be, for example, 1.2 to 1.7 times greater toward the free end 48 than the distance b of the teeth 28 of the first group G5 that directly follows the second group G6.

[0128] Each distance b can decrease from tooth to tooth toward the last tooth 28 of the second group G6 facing the axis of rotation x, that is, it can be about 0.5 to 0.8 times the distance b of the teeth 28 in the same group G6 that are directly adjacent to the free end 48.

[0129] With respect to the working surface 23 of the jaw 5, a nearly continuous increase in distance b can be achieved in the region of group G5, extending from the free end 48 toward the axis of rotation x. This is preferably followed by a nearly continuous decrease in distance b due to the transition to the second group G6.

[0130] The tooth tips 29 of the second group G6 of jaw 5 are directed toward the free end 48 in a side view. This results in the corresponding V-shape of the teeth 28 facing toward the pliers tip 34.

[0131] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, it is preferable that four groups of teeth G1 to G4 are formed on the working surface 24 of the jaw 6, arranged sequentially in a line along the longitudinal direction L of the working surface 24, starting from the free end 48 and moving toward the joint bolt axis / rotation axis x, i.e., in the order of G1, G2, G3, and G4. The changes in each group include changes in the orientation of acute angles δ and ε, or changes in inclination toward the free end or rotation axis x (see Figures 9, 10, and 12 in particular).

[0132] In this case, the acute angles δ in groups G1 and G3 are formed between the perpendicular and the axis of rotation x, respectively, while their acute angles ε are formed between the perpendicular N and the free end 48 in groups G2 and G4. Therefore, the angle bisector Q is inclined toward the opposite side of the pliers jaw, toward the free end in groups G1 and G3, and toward the axis of rotation x in groups G2 and G4.

[0133] The acute angle δ of tooth 28 in group G1 can be, for example, approximately 5 degrees to approximately 30 degrees, and further, approximately 10 degrees to approximately 20 degrees. The acute angle of group G3 can be selected to be at least partially larger than that of group 1. In this regard, the acute angle δ of group 3 can be selected to be, for example, approximately 20 degrees to approximately 60 degrees, and further, approximately 30 degrees to approximately 45 degrees.

[0134] The acute angle ε of the teeth 28 in group G2 can be within approximately the same range as that described for the acute angle δ of the first group G1, but this acute angle ε is formed on the opposite side of the perpendicular N from angle δ. The acute angles of group G4 can be selected to be at least partially larger than those of group G2. The range of values ​​for the acute angle ε of group G4 can preferably correspond to the range of values ​​described for the acute angle δ of group G3.

[0135] Furthermore, two areas C1 and C2 can be formed, each consisting of a group with an acute angle δ and an adjacent group with an acute angle ε. The acute angles δ and ε of these two groups are the same or have approximately the same range of values. In the exemplary embodiment described above, the first area C1 consists of groups G1 and G2, and the second area C2 consists of groups G3 and G4.

[0136] Furthermore, it is obvious that the distance b in area C2, i.e., in the region of groups G3 and G4, is selected to be far greater than that in the first area C1.

[0137] The distance b between the tooth tip 29 and the through-face D is formed within the free space of the pliers jaw 7 on the working surface 23 of the other jaw 5, whereas on the opposite working surface 24, a negative distance b may be formed, particularly in the area of ​​group G1. This is because the individual teeth 28 extend beyond the through-face D. Therefore, the distance b is measured along a perpendicular line N within the tooth 28, starting from the tooth tip 29 and moving towards the tooth valley 30.

[0138] In this case, the distance dimension corresponds to the protrusion dimension of the tooth 28 that extends beyond the through-face D. Such free protrusion beyond the through-face D can, by any choice, be reached only by the minimum opening width in the closed position of the pliers shown in Figure 9.

[0139] Such protrusion dimensions (distance b) are preferably within a range of 1 / 10 mm or less, for example, up to 0.5 mm.

[0140] The distance b between the teeth 28 of groups G2 and G3, and optionally the distance b between the teeth 28 of the fourth group G4 which directly follows the third group G3, gradually increases toward the axis of rotation x from the transition point from group G3 to group G4, and in particular gradually increases starting from the transition point from the first group G1 to the second group G2. In this case, the increase in tooth-to-tooth within the second group G2 may be greater than the increase in tooth-to-tooth within the third group G3.

[0141] For example, the increase in the distance b between teeth in the region of the second group G2 can be approximately 1.5 to 2 times the distance b between teeth adjacent to the free end 48 within the same group G2. The increase in the distance b between teeth in the third group can be approximately 1.2 to 1.5 times the distance b between teeth adjacent to the free end 48 within the same group G3.

[0142] The gradual decrease in distance b preferably occurs substantially only in the region of group G4. In this case, each distance b can be approximately 1.5 to 2.5 times smaller than the distance b of the tooth 28 adjacent to the free end 48 within the same group G4, starting from the transition from group G3 to group G4 and viewed from tooth to tooth toward the rotation axis x.

[0143] The tooth tips 29 of the first and third groups G1 and G3 in jaw 6 are oriented toward the joint bolt axis x in the side view. This results in the corresponding V-shape of the teeth 28 facing toward the gripping portions 3 and 4. In contrast, the tooth tips 29 of the second and fourth groups G2 and G4 are oriented toward the free end 48 in the side view. Therefore, this results in the V-shape of the teeth 28 facing toward the pliers tip 34.

[0144] The groups of teeth 28 on both the working surfaces 23 and 24 of jaws 5 and 6, each having a predetermined angular orientation (angle δ or ε), are at least partially arranged opposite each other with respect to the longitudinal center plane E or through surface D. With respect to the perpendicular projection of the groups along the perpendicular N on each longitudinal center plane E or through surface D, preferably, a partial overlap is formed between the group G1 on the first working surface 24 and the group G5 on the second working surface 23, while the group G6 on the second working surface 23 overlaps with the same-oriented teeth 28 of groups G2 and G4 on the first working surface 24, and also overlaps with those of the third group G3, which has oppositely oriented tooth tips 29. In particular, in the closed position of the pliers jaws as shown in Figure 9, for example, an offset arrangement of both working surfaces 23 and 24 along the through surface D is even more preferred. In a preferred projection perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane E, the tooth root 30 of one working surface is located substantially opposite to the tooth tip 29 of the other working surface.

[0145] With respect to the side view of the pliers 1 shown in Figure 8 or, for example, the cross-sectional view shown in Figure 16, the joint bolt axis x is depicted as a point in those side views or cross-sectional views, and polylines Z and Z' connecting the tooth tips 29 of each tooth portion 25 and 26 may form a linear segment T between two tooth tips 29 that are substantially consecutive in the longitudinal direction L.

[0146] In this case, when viewed outward from the opening 27, each wavy polyline Z or Z', having a wave crest 31 and a wave base 32, is formed as a whole. Preferably, the wave base 32 of one polyline Z', Z is located approximately opposite the wave crest 31 of the other polyline Z, Z', for example, mirroring the longitudinal center plane E or the through plane D.

[0147] The transition section 33 is formed at the transition from the wave crest 31 to the wave base 32 of each polyline Z or Z'.

[0148] In either case, two adjacent segments T are formed in the region of the wave crest 31 of each polyline Z or Z', and these segments make an angle α of 170 degrees or less toward the pliers opening 7, for example, the angle α is approximately 150 degrees or 165 degrees for polyline Z, and the angle α is approximately 130 degrees or 170 degrees for polyline Z'.

[0149] In the region of the wave bottom 32 between two segments T located adjacent to each other in the direction of each polyline Z and Z', an angle β of 170 degrees or more may be formed. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, these angles are approximately 180 degrees for polyline Z and approximately 185 degrees for polyline Z'.

[0150] In the region of the transition section 33 in each polyline Z or Z', two segments T can be formed that point toward the pliers jaw 7, preferably at an angle γ greater than 190 degrees from each other. In polyline Z, the angle γ is preferably about 195 degrees, and in polyline Z', the angle γ is preferably about 200 degrees.

[0151] The overall rhomboid opening area M, demarcated by polylines Z and Z', can be formed when the pliers jaws are in the closed position with the minimum opening width w, as shown in Figure 8.

[0152] Furthermore, the tooth surfaces 47 and 47' of the tooth 28 are angled toward each other such that a backward-facing V shape is formed in the wave crest region 31 of both working surfaces 23 and 24, facing toward the joint bolt axis x, and a biased V shape is formed in the wave base region 32, facing toward the pliers tip 34. A substantially intermediate orientation of the tooth 28 is achieved in the transition region 33.

[0153] Furthermore, the orientation of the tooth tip 29 may be defined by the different lengths of the tooth surfaces 47 and 47'. For example, Figures 10 and 13 show that in the orientation of the tooth tip 29 biased toward the free end 48, the longer tooth surface 47 is formed on the side of the tooth 28 facing the axis of rotation x, i.e., the side opposite to the free end 48. In contrast, in the orientation of the tooth tip 29 biased toward the axis of rotation x, the shorter tooth surface 47' is formed on the side opposite to the free end 48.

[0154] This is advantageous, especially when the pliers 1 are used to grip an object to be rotated by the pliers jaws 7, as it allows for the division of the pliers jaws 7. For example, the front teeth 28 facing the pliers tip 34 in the front region 51 function to apply a counterclockwise force to the object in the regions of the wave crests 31 of the work surface 23 and the wave crests 32 of the work surface 24, for example, to loosen a screw (see Figure 19). The teeth 28 facing the axis of rotation or joint bolt axis x in the rear region 52 function to apply a clockwise force in the regions of the wave crests 32 of the work surface 23 and the wave crests 31 of the work surface 24, for example, to tighten a screw (see Figure 20).

[0155] For example, a working piece in the shape of a round bolt 49, as shown in Figures 19 and 20, can be gripped by the teeth 28 of the working surfaces 23 and 24 in the front region 51 or the rear region 52. The round bolt 49 is gripped at least twice by at least one tooth 28' and 28'' of each working surface 23 and 24. These two types of gripping are performed at least on the diameter e of the round bolt 49 as shown, and it is preferable that the diameter e requires a pliers jaw opening angle η of about 10 degrees. The diameter e of the round bolt 48 may be selected such that it is smaller when gripping in the front region 51 than when gripping in the rear region 52, while maintaining an opening angle η of about 10 degrees.

[0156] The round bolt 49 is gripped in the front region 51 by the teeth 28'' of the first group G1 of the first work surface 24, which are inclined toward the free end 48, and optionally by two teeth 28, but in either case, it is gripped by one tooth 28' of the second group G6 of the second work surface 23, and when potentially in contact with the two teeth 28 of the second work surface 23, these teeth belong to different groups G5 and G6 that are consecutive to each other in the longitudinal direction of the pliers jaws 7. Therefore, gripping in this region is preferably performed in the region of the wave bottom 32 of the polyline Z.

[0157] When the round bolt 49 is gripped in the rear region 52 in Figure 20, gripping in the region of the second work surface 23 is performed by the teeth 28'' of the second group G6 directed toward the free end 48 and at least one tooth 28' of the second group G2 of the first work surface 24 directed toward the axis of rotation x. Thus, optionally, gripping can be performed by the teeth 28' in the region of group G3 of the first work surface 24.

[0158] The arrangement and design of the teeth 28 along the respective polylines Z and Z' enable the use of the pliers 1 with the presented plier jaws 7 over an extremely large diameter range of the workpiece being gripped, for example, from approximately 1.5 mm to 4 mm or more, and even up to 16 mm or 20 mm or more.

[0159] As shown in Figures 21 and 22, such a design of the pliers jaws 7 can also be realized in so-called universal pliers, for example, by designing the pliers jaws 7 in the form of burner holes. Viewed along the longitudinal direction L of the pliers 1, the cutting blades 35 can be provided on the rotation axis x side prior to the pliers jaws 7, and the working surfaces 23 and 24 can further form a gripping surface 36 adjacent to the pliers jaws 7 on the pliers tip 34 side.

[0160] Instead of the overall substantially diamond-shaped arrangement of polylines Z and Z' on both work surfaces 23 and 24, the work surfaces 23 and 24 may have two opposing rows comprising groups of teeth 28, and the polylines Z and Z', i.e., the enveloping surfaces connecting the tooth tips 29, may extend linearly over the entire length of each stop 16 from the viewpoint described above (see Figure 23), and may optionally be oriented parallel to the through surface D. The linearly extending polylines Z and Z' on both work surfaces 23 and 24 may extend radially from each other, for example, forming acute angles of 10 or 20 degrees to each other.

[0161] As an alternative in this regard, both polylines Z and Z', i.e., the enveloping surfaces, may have a convex orientation when viewed outward from the through surface D (see Figure 24), or conversely, both polylines Z and Z', i.e., the enveloping surfaces, may again have a concave orientation when viewed outward from the through surface D (see Figure 25). When viewed outward from the through surface D, one polyline Z or Z', i.e., one enveloping surface, may extend in a concave curve, and the other polyline Z' or Z, i.e., the other enveloping surface, may extend in a convex curve (see Figure 26).

[0162] With respect to the through surface D, the teeth 28 of each work surface 23 or 24, particularly the tooth tips 29, can be located substantially opposite the tooth valley 30 formed between the two teeth 28 of the other work surface 24 or 23 in the direction of extension of the assigned polyline Z or Z'. The tooth design, particularly the ranges of the tooth surfaces 47 and 47', may be implemented differently with respect to the working surfaces 23 and 24, especially when both polylines Z and Z' extend similarly concave or similarly convex, by adapting to the ranges of polylines Z and Z' (see Figures 24 and 25).

[0163] Each work surface 23 and 24 is provided with teeth regardless of the extent of the polylines Z and Z', i.e., the envelope surfaces. The pointed teeth 28 of the group of second work surfaces 23 assigned to the front region 51 are oriented toward the axis of rotation x, and the teeth 28 of another group of the same work surface 23 in the rear region 52 are oriented toward the free end 48. The group of the first work surface 24 in the front region 51 that is not oriented toward the axis has teeth 28 that are inclined and extend toward the free end 48. In contrast, it is preferable that another group of the same work surface 24 assigned to the rear region 52 has teeth 28 that are inclined toward the axis of rotation x.

[0164] This also applies to the pliers 1 realized in the form of universal pliers according to the second embodiment, but in the pliers 1 according to the first embodiment, the working surfaces 23 and 24 further have grooves extending toward the pliers tip 34, so that an opening 37 remains on the side of the pliers tip in the front view of the pliers mouth shown in Figure 6, especially when the pliers 1 are closed. In this way, the opening 37 having peripheral teeth 38 can be formed by grooves that preferably extend linearly in the longitudinal direction L. Therefore, the pliers 1 designed in this way are also suitable, for example, for surrounding an object on the side of the tip, for example, for rotating the object.

[0165] The groups of teeth with different orientations shown in Figures 23-26 can each be supplemented by one or more further groups on their respective work surfaces. These further groups are realized so that, in terms of orientation, they are again oriented opposite to the adjacent groups.

[0166] The above description is intended to explain the invention as a whole as encompassed by this application, and also independently advances the prior art by at least the following combinations of features, and it is possible to combine two, some, or all of these combinations of features.

[0167] A pair of pliers that allows a stopper 16 to pass through by pushing in a joint bolt 2 in order to adjust the opening width w, wherein the insertion-side pliers arm 4 has an elongated overlap region U, in which the insertion-side pliers arm 4 has the pliers arm 3 to be inserted superimposed on both sides thereof, and the overlap region U extends substantially perpendicular to the adjustment direction r of the joint bolt 2 in the long slot 13, and has a width w corresponding to 0.5 times or more the maximum adjustment degree f, and a length d corresponding to 2 times or more the maximum adjustment degree f.

[0168] In the adjustment process from a smaller opening width w to a larger opening width w, in either case, a larger surface overlap of the plier arm portions 21 and 22 on the gripping side is formed first.

[0169] Pliers characterized in that the width h of the pliers 1 in the overlap region decreases first when adjusting the pliers 1 from the closed position to a larger opening width w.

[0170] A pair of pliers characterized in that the fixed pliers arm 3 has a recess 39 designed for pressing action of a joint bolt 2, and the joint bolt axis x is positioned eccentrically with respect to the geometric central axis y of the recess.

[0171] Pliers characterized in that the joint bolt axis x is offset with respect to the central axis y of the recess in the adjustment direction r of the pliers jaw 7.

[0172] Pliers characterized in that jaws 5 and 6 have working surfaces 23 and 24 on which teeth 25 and 26 are provided.

[0173] The pliers are characterized in that the working surfaces 23 and 24 have grooves in the longitudinal direction L of the pliers jaw 7 toward the pliers tip 34, so that when the pliers 1 are closed, an opening 37 remains in the front view of the pliers jaw 7.

[0174] Pliers characterized in that both working surfaces 23 and 24 each have teeth 28 in portions extending from the free ends 48 of the jaws 5 and 6 to the axis of rotation x, the teeth having tips 29 pointed toward the axis of rotation x, and further teeth 28 within the same working surfaces 23 and 24 following these teeth, the tips 29 of these further teeth being pointed toward the free ends 48 of the jaws 5 and 6, or vice versa, and opposing groups of teeth 28 G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 are further formed on the first and second working surfaces 23 and 24 on opposite sides of each other.

[0175] Looking from the free ends of the working surfaces 23 and 24 of the pliers jaws 7 toward the axis of rotation x, the first group of teeth 28 are first formed on the first working surface 24 of the pliers jaws 7, and the angle bisector Q of each of these first group of teeth 28 extends inclined from the tooth tip 29 toward the free end of the jaw 6 on the opposite side from the pliers jaws 7, and these first group of teeth continue to the teeth 28 of the second group G2, in which the angle bisector Q of each of the second group G2 extends inclined toward the joint end of the pliers jaws 7, and these second group of teeth continue to the teeth 28 of the third group G3, in which the angle bisector Q of each of the third group G3 again extends inclined toward the free end of the jaw 6.

[0176] A pair of pliers characterized in that, when viewed from the free ends 50 of the working surfaces 23 and 24 of the pliers jaws 7 toward the axis of rotation x, a first group G1 of teeth 28 is first formed on the first working surface 24 of the pliers jaws 7, and the acute angles δ of the teeth of this first group are formed between the perpendicular line N and the axis of rotation x, and the teeth of a second group G2 28 follow the teeth of this first group, in which the acute angles ε of the second group G2 are formed between the perpendicular line N and the free ends 50 of the working surfaces 23 and 24 of the pliers jaws 7, and the teeth of a third group G3 28 follow the teeth of this second group, and the acute angles δ of the third group G3 are again formed between the perpendicular line N and the axis of rotation x.

[0177] A pair of pliers characterized in that the fourth group G4 of teeth 28 continues to the third group G3 of teeth 28, and the angle bisector Q of the fourth group of teeth 28 each extends inclined toward the joint end of the pliers jaw 7.

[0178] Pliers characterized in that the fourth group G4 of teeth 28 continues to the third group G3 of teeth 28, and the acute angle ε of the teeth of the fourth group is formed between the perpendicular N and the free ends 50 of the working surfaces 23 and 24 of the pliers jaws 7.

[0179] Pliers characterized in that groups G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6 of teeth 28 having a predetermined angular orientation are each located on opposite sides of the through-surface D.

[0180] Pliers characterized in that the tooth tips 29 are arranged offset from each other with respect to opposing positions, via a longitudinal center plane E with respect to a perpendicular line N.

[0181] The pliers are characterized in that the second working surface 23 of the pliers jaw 7 is provided with a first group G5 of teeth 28, in which the angle bisector Q of each tooth 28 extends inclined from the tooth tip toward the free end of the jaw 5, opposite to the pliers jaw 7, and the first group continues to a second group G6 of teeth 28, in which the angle bisector Q of each tooth 28 extends inclined toward the joint end of the pliers jaw 7, and the second group G6 of teeth 28 has two subgroups G6-1 and G6-2 of teeth 28, with the angle bisector Q of the first subgroup G6-1 having a smaller inclination and the angle bisector Q of the second subgroup G6-2 having a larger inclination.

[0182] Pliers characterized in that the second working surface 23 of the pliers jaws 7 is provided with a first group G5 of teeth 28, in which acute angles δ are formed between the perpendicular N and the axis of rotation x, and a second group G6 of teeth 28 is provided, in which acute angles ε are formed between the perpendicular N and the free ends 50 of the working surfaces 23 and 24 of the pliers jaws 7, and the second group G6 of teeth 28 has two subgroups G6-1 and G6-2, with the first subgroup G6-1 having a smaller acute angle ε and the second subgroup G6-2 having a larger acute angle ε.

[0183] Pliers characterized in that a round bolt 49 can be gripped by one or more teeth 28 that are positioned opposite each other and oriented opposite each other on the first and second working surfaces 23 and 24, in the front region 51 facing the free ends 48 of the jaws 5 and 6, and in the rear region 52 of the pliers jaws 7 facing the axis of rotation x, and the teeth 28 in different groups of teeth 28 G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 engage with the round bolt 49 in the front region and the rear region, respectively, and the round bolt can be gripped by two teeth 28 in the rear region, with each of the two teeth 28 assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces 23 and 24 and their tooth tips 29 extending in opposite directions, and the round bolt can similarly be gripped by two teeth 28 in the front region, with each of the two teeth 28 assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces 23 and 24 and their tooth tips 29 extending in opposite directions.

[0184] The pliers are characterized in that two ways of gripping the round bolt 49 are possible in either case, provided that the round bolt 49 has a diameter e that requires a pliers opening of about 10 degrees for gripping the round bolt 49 in the front region 51 or the rear region 52.

[0185] The orientation of the tooth tip 29 is determined by the different lengths of the tooth surfaces 47 and 47' of each tooth 28, wherein when the tooth tip is directed toward the axis of rotation x, the longer tooth surface 47 is formed on the side of the tooth tip 29 opposite to the axis of rotation x, and when the tooth tip 29 is directed toward the free ends 48 of the jaws 5 and 6, the longer tooth surface 47 is formed on the side of the tooth tip 29 opposite to the free ends 48 of the jaws 5 and 6.

[0186] Each polyline Z, Z' in any case has two adjacent segments that point toward the pliers opening 7 and form an angle α of 100 degrees or less, for example, 100 degrees; the segments T of the other polyline Z', Z are located on the opposite side of these segments T and point toward the pliers opening 7 and form an angle β of 190 degrees or more, for example, 190 degrees; and each polyline Z, Z' includes two segments T that, when viewed in the same direction, form an angle γ of 190 degrees or more.

[0187] All disclosed features are essential to the present invention (both in themselves and in combination with each other). The disclosures of this application encompass the disclosures of any related / additional priority documents (copies of earlier applications) in their entirety, and are intended to incorporate the features of those documents into the claims of this application. Dependent claims feature independent inventive further developments of the prior art, even without the features of the cited claims, particularly for the purpose of filing a divisional application based on these claims. The invention specified in each claim may have one or more additional functions, particularly those specified in the preceding description, especially those to which reference numerals are assigned, and / or specified in the descriptions of the reference numerals. The present invention also relates, in particular, to embodiments in which individual features described above are not implemented, insofar as they are obviously unnecessary for their respective intended use or can be replaced by other means having the same technical effect. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0188] 1 Pliers 2 Joint bolts 3 pliers arm 4 pliers arms 5. Jaw 6 Jaw 7 pliers jaws 8 Gripping part 9 Gripping part 10 slot openings 11 Fork section 12 Receptor part 13 long slots 14 Opening 15 Fork section 16. Brakes 17 Opposing wheel chocks 18. Leaf spring 19 Joint bolt base 20 Actuating projection 21. Pliers arm section 22 Pliers arm section 23 Work surface 24 Work surface 25 Teeth 26 Teeth 27 Opening 28 teeth 28' teeth 28" teeth 29 Tooth tip 30 Hagaya 31 Wave crest 32 Wave bottom 33 Transition Section 34 Pliers Tip 35 Cutting Edge 36 Gripping surface 37 Opening 38 teeth 39 Recess 40 Offset area 41 Offset area 42 pliers head 43 Outer edge 44 Outer edge 45 Outer edge 46 Outer edge 47. Tooth surface 47' Tooth side 48 Free end 49 Round bolts 50 Longitudinal centerline 51 Anterior area 52 Posterior area a. Degree of offset b Rejection d length e diameter f Adjustment degree g width h width k width r Adjustment direction w Opening width x Joint bolt shaft y - Central axis of the concave part A Dimension C1 Area C2 Area D Penetrating surface E Long central plane G1 Group G2 Group G3 Group G4 Group G5 Group G6 Group G6-1 Subgroup G6-2 Subgroup L Longitudinal range M Opening Area N perpendicular P point Q angle bisector S range T segment U Overlap Region Z Polyline Z'Polyline α angle β angle γ angle δ angle ε angle η angle

Claims

1. A pliers (1) having two pliers arms (3, 4) that intersect each other at a joint bolt (2) having a joint bolt axis (x), one of which is a movable pliers arm (4) and the other is a fixed pliers arm (3), A gripping portion (8, 9) is formed on one side of the joint bolt (2), and jaws (5, 6) that cooperate as pliers jaws (7) of the pliers (1) are provided on the other side of the joint bolt (2). The movable pliers arm (4) further has a long slot (13) with a stopper (16) that can mesh with a corresponding stopper (17) formed on the outer wall of the joint bolt (2), and the joint bolt (2) passes through the long slot (13) and a part of it is positioned in a receiving portion (12) formed in the fixed pliers arm (3), and is movable in an adjustment direction (r) along the longitudinal direction of the long slot (13) for adjusting the opening width (W) of the pliers (1) when the meshing with the long slot (13) is released. In the region where it intersects with the movable plier arm (4), the fixed plier arm (3) wraps around the movable plier arm (4) on both sides, so that the movable plier arm (4) is inserted into the fixed plier arm (3), and The pliers (3, 4) have a range (S) in the pliers (1) that is adjacent to the gripping side of the long slot (13) in the intersection region and extends laterally with respect to the orientation of the pliers (3, 4) when the pliers (1) are in the closed position, By pushing in the joint bolt (2) to adjust the opening width (w), the corresponding stopper (17) of the joint bolt (2) can pass through the stopper (16) of the long slot (13) and release the meshing. The pliers arms (3, 4) have a vertically elongated overlapping region (U) adjacent to the gripping side of the range (S), on which the fixed pliers arm (3) is superimposed on both sides of the movable pliers arm (4), and The pliers are characterized in that the overlapping region (U) extends substantially perpendicular to the adjustment direction (r) of the joint bolt (2) within the long slot (13), and has a width (g) of 0.5 to 2 times the maximum adjustment degree (f) of the opening width (W) in the adjustment direction (r), and a length (d) of 2 to 10 times the maximum adjustment degree (f).

2. The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that in any case during the adjustment process from a smaller opening width (w) to a larger opening width (w), a larger surface overlap of the plier arm portions (21, 22) on the gripping side is initially formed.

3. The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that, during adjustment from the closed position of the pliers (1) to a larger opening width (w), the width (h) of the pliers (1) in the overlap region (U) initially decreases.

4. The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed pliers arm (3) has a recess (39) provided for pressing the joint bolt (2), and the joint bolt axis (x) is eccentrically positioned with respect to the geometric central axis (y) of the recess.

5. The pliers according to claim 4, characterized in that the joint bolt axis (x) is offset in the adjustment direction (r) of the pliers jaw (7) with respect to the central axis (y) of the recess.

6. The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the jaws (5, 6) have working surfaces (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26).

7. The pliers according to claim 6, characterized in that the work surfaces (23, 24) have grooves toward the plier tip (34) with respect to the longitudinal range (L) of the plier jaw (7), so that an opening (37) remains in the front view of the plier jaw (7) when the pliers (1) are closed.

8. The pliers jaw (7) has opposing working surfaces (23, 24) which are a first working surface (24) and a second working surface (23), and the working surfaces (23, 24) are provided with teeth (25, 26) over most of their length when viewed from the free end (48) of the jaws (5, 6) toward the axis of rotation (x), and There are pointed teeth (28) whose tooth tips (29) are oriented toward the axis of rotation (x), and other pointed teeth (28) whose tooth tips (29) are oriented toward the free ends (48) of the jaws (5, 6). Both working surfaces (23, 24) have teeth (28) in the range from the free end (48) of the jaws (5, 6) to the axis of rotation (x), The tooth (28) has a tooth tip (29) facing toward the axis of rotation (x) and continues to further teeth (28) on the same working surface (23, 24), the tooth tips (29) of these further teeth facing toward the free end (48) of the jaw (5, 6), or vice versa, and The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (28) of the oppositely oriented groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6) are further formed on the first and second working surfaces (23, 24) on opposite sides to each other.

9. The pliers jaw (7) has a working surface (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26), and with respect to the tooth tip (29) within the working surface (23, 24), the pointed teeth (28) face toward the axis of rotation (x), and each of the teeth (28) further has an angle bisector (Q), and, The angle bisector (Q) starts at the tooth tip (29) and extends to the opposite side of the pliers jaw (7), either toward the free end of the jaws (5, 6) or toward the end on the joint side of the pliers jaw (7). Viewed from the free end of the working surface (23, 24) of the pliers jaw (7) toward the axis of rotation (x), the teeth (28) of the first group (G1) are initially formed on the first working surface (24) of the pliers jaw (7), and the angle bisector (Q) of each of the teeth (28) of this first group (G1) extends inclined toward the free end of the jaw (6) on the opposite side from the pliers jaw (7), starting from the tooth tip (29). The teeth (28) of the first group (G1) are followed by the teeth (28) of the second group (G2), and the angle bisectors (Q) of each of the second group (G2) extend inclined toward the joint-side end of the pliers jaw (7), and The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (28) of the second group (G2) are followed by the teeth (28) of the third group (G3), and the angle bisectors (Q) of each of the third group (G3) again inclined and extend toward the free end of the jaw (6).

10. The pliers jaw (7) has a working surface (23, 24) provided with teeth (25, 26), and with respect to the tooth tip (29) within the working surface (23, 24), the pointed teeth (28) are oriented toward the axis of rotation (x). In a viewpoint where the rotation axis (x) is depicted as a point, the through surface (D), which is depicted as a line, extends through the pliers jaw (7). The through-face (D) is obtained from the fact that it extends perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline (V) of the long slot (13) that receives the adjustable joint bolt (2) in the fully closed adjustment of the pliers jaw (7), or that it extends such that the axis of rotation (x) extends within the through-face (D), In the process of closing the pliers jaws (7), the intersection point (P2) of the through surface (D) and the longitudinal center line (V) is selected in such a way that contact between opposing working surfaces (23, 24) first occurs at a predetermined opening angle on the free end (48) of the jaws (5, 6), either in the case of the long slot (13), or the orientation of the through surface (D) is selected in such a way if the axis of rotation (x) extends within the through surface (D). The tooth tip (29) further terminates relative to the through-surface (D) at a different perpendicular distance (b) from the through-surface (D) with respect to a perpendicular line (N) passing through the tooth tip (29), and the tooth (28) further has an angle bisector (Q) that includes the acute angle (δ, ε) with respect to the through-surface (D), and The acute angle (δ, ε) is formed in the region where the angle bisector (Q) extends within the region of the pliers jaw (7), in part of the tooth (28) between the perpendicular (N) and the axis of rotation (x), and in another part of the tooth (28) between the perpendicular (N) and the free end (48) of the pliers jaw (7). Viewed from the free end (48) of the working surface (23, 24) of the pliers jaw (7) toward the axis of rotation (x), the teeth (28) of the first group (G1) are initially formed on the first working surface (24) of the pliers jaw (7). The acute angles (δ) of the teeth (28) of this first group (G1) are each formed between the perpendicular (N) and the axis of rotation (x), The teeth (28) of this first group (G1) continue to the teeth (28) of the second group (G2), and the acute angles (ε) of the second group (G2) are each formed between the perpendicular line (N) and the free ends (48) of the working surfaces (23, 24) of the pliers jaws (7), and The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (28) of the second group (G2) continue to the teeth (28) of the third group (G3), and the acute angle (δ) of the third group (G3) is again formed between the perpendicular (N) and the axis of rotation (x).

11. The pliers according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the teeth (28) of the fourth group (G4) follow the teeth (28) of the third group, and the angle bisectors (Q) of each of the teeth (28) of the fourth group extend inclined toward the joint-side end of the pliers jaw (7).

12. The pliers according to claim 10, characterized in that the teeth (28) of the fourth group (G4) follow the teeth (28) of the third group, and the acute angle (ε) of the teeth (28) of the fourth group is formed between the perpendicular (N) and the free end (48) of the working surface (23, 24) of the pliers jaw (7).

13. The pliers according to claim 10, characterized in that the teeth of groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6) having a predetermined angular orientation are each located on opposite sides of the through surface (D) with respect to the through surface (D).

14. The pliers according to claim 8, characterized in that the tooth tips (29) are offset from each other with respect to opposing positions via a longitudinal center plane (E) with reference to a perpendicular line (N) passing through the tooth tips (29).

15. The second working surface (23) of the pliers jaw (7) is provided with teeth of the first group (G5), and the angle bisector (Q) of each of these teeth (28) extends inclined from the tooth tip (29) toward the free end of the jaw (5) on the opposite side from the pliers jaw (7), The first group continues to the teeth (28) of the second group (G6), and in the second group, each angle bisector (Q) extends inclined toward the joint-side end of the pliers jaw (7), and The second group (G6) of the tooth (28) has two subgroups (G6-1, G6-2) of the tooth (28), wherein the angle bisector (Q) of the first subgroup (G6-1) has a smaller slope and the angle bisector (Q) of the second subgroup (G6-2) has a larger slope, and / or The second working surface (23) of the pliers jaw (7) is provided with a first group (G5) of teeth (28), and the acute angle (δ) of the first group is formed between a perpendicular line (N) passing through the tooth tip (29) and the axis of rotation (x), and a second group (G6) of teeth (28) is provided, and the acute angle (ε) of the second group is formed between the perpendicular line (N) and the free end (48) of the working surface (23, 24) of the pliers jaw (7), and The pliers according to claim 8, characterized in that the second group (G6) of teeth (28) has two subgroups (G6-1, G6-2) of teeth (28), wherein the angle bisector (Q) of the first subgroup (G6-1) has a smaller slope and the angle bisector (Q) of the second subgroup (G6-2) has a larger slope.

16. In the pliers jaw (7), in the front region (51) facing the free end (48) of the jaws (5, 6) and the rear region (52) facing the axis of rotation (x), a round bolt (49) can be gripped by teeth (28) that are positioned on opposite sides of the first and second working surfaces (23, 24) and oriented in the opposite direction. Teeth (28) of different groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6) engage with the round bolt (49) in the front region (51) and the rear region (52), In the rear region (52), the round bolt can be gripped by two teeth (28), each of which is assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces (23, 24), and their tooth tips (29) extend in opposite directions, and The pliers according to claim 8, wherein the round bolt (49) can similarly be gripped by two teeth (28) in the front region (51), and the teeth (28) are each assigned to one of the opposing working surfaces (23, 24) and their tooth tips (29) extend in opposite directions.

17. The pliers according to any one of 16, characterized in that the two ways of gripping the round bolt (49) are possible in either case if the round bolt (49) has a diameter (e) that requires a 10-degree pliers opening for gripping the round bolt (49) in the front region (51) or the rear region (52).

18. The orientation of the tooth tip (29) is determined by the tooth surfaces (47, 47') of each tooth (28) which have different lengths. The pliers according to any one of 8 to 10, characterized in that when the tooth tip (29) is directed toward the axis of rotation (x), the longer tooth surface (47) is formed on the tooth tip (29) opposite to the axis of rotation (x), and when the tooth tip (29) is directed toward the free end (48) of the jaws (5, 6), the longer tooth surface (47) is formed on the tooth tip (29) opposite to the free end (48) of the jaws (5, 6).

19. The pliers jaw (7) has working surfaces (23, 24) with teeth (25, 26), and the pointed teeth (28) are oriented toward the axis of rotation (x). The polyline (Z, Z') can connect the tooth tip (29), The segments (T) of the polyline (Z, Z') are further at angles (α, β, γ) to each other, and the polyline (Z, Z') is located on opposite sides of each other when the pliers jaw (7) is open. Each polyline (Z, Z') has two adjacent segments (T) that point toward the pliers jaw (7) and form an angle (α) of less than 170 degrees with respect to each other. On the opposite side of these segments (T), segments (T) of another polyline (Z', Z) are located, pointing towards the pliers jaw (7) and forming an angle (β) of 170 degrees or more with each other, and The pliers according to claim 1, characterized in that each polyline (Z, Z') includes two segments (T) that, when viewed in the same direction, form an angle (γ) of 190 degrees or more with respect to each other.

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