Tool assemblies configured for Swiss-style machining

Abstract

To provide an improved tool assembly suitable for use in Swiss-style machining, and components in the tool assembly.SOLUTION: A grooving or part-off tool assembly for Swiss-style machining includes a holder. The holder includes an elastic constantly closed holder fastening part. In a preferred embodiment, the holder fastening part energizes a blade holding a cutting insert against a pocket side abutting surface of a holder pocket.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The subject of the present invention relates to so-called Swiss-type machining, more specifically to a tool assembly configured for grooving or cut-off operations. [Background Art]

[0002] Hereinafter, the names "Swiss-style" or "Swiss-type" may be omitted for brevity. It should be understood that while the design of the present invention is first and foremost intended to operate within the specific limited context of Swiss-type CNC machines, the advantageous design features may be beneficial even in non-Swiss-type operations.

[0003] Swiss-type machining tool assemblies and components thereof are specially designed for use in so-called Swiss-type CNC machines (lathes), which differ from other typical CNC machines (lathes) in that the Swiss-type tool assemblies are mounted close to each other in a gang, making removal and installation of cutting inserts (or "inserts") difficult due to space constraints.

[0004] Unique features of Swiss-type machining, such as the location of the cutting edge (where the cutting edge is essentially aligned with the top corner of the holder shank in a front view of the holder), are described in further detail inter alia in the applicant's prior patent publications USP 9,901,986 and USP 10,583,495, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0005] Briefly, with respect to the present application, in addition to the unique chip former claimed in USP 9,901,986, it is further noted that a typical conventional Swiss-type cutting insert (106) is shown with a screw hole (112) extending through its side surface. This design allows access for removal and replacement of the insert in densely packed Swiss-type tool assemblies.

[0006] Other common insert designs include a similar insert, except for two such threaded holes, as illustrated in the applicant's publication USP 10,471,517. The said publication shows a tool assembly that allows for the removal and installation of the insert from either of the two sides.

[0007] USP 10,583,495 provides a specific tool assembly that provides an insert without a threaded hole, and furthermore, different solutions to overcome the aforementioned spatial limitations that make it difficult to fix and remove the insert. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] One object of this application is to provide an improved tool assembly and its components suitable for use in Swiss-type machining, and an improved method for fixing the components to a holder. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] According to a first aspect of the subject matter of this application, a holder is provided, the holder comprising: a first side and a second side of the holder facing each other, defining a first lateral direction from the second side of the holder toward the first side of the holder and a second lateral direction opposite to the first lateral direction; a front end and a rear end of the holder facing each other, defining a forward direction from the rear edge of the holder toward the front end of the holder and a rear direction opposite to the forward direction; a top side and a bottom side of the holder facing each other, defining an upward direction from the bottom side of the holder toward the top side of the holder and a downward direction opposite to the upward direction; and a second side of the holder The holder comprises a holder pocket located at the intersection of the side of the holder, the front end of the holder, and the upper side of the holder, and a holder fastening portion located on the upper side of the holder. The holder pocket extends along the side of the first holder and comprises a pocket-side contact surface facing the direction of the first side, a pocket bottom contact surface located below the pocket-side contact surface and facing upward, and a pocket rear contact surface located behind the pocket-side contact surface and facing forward. The holder fastening portion extends above the pocket-side contact surface and comprises an elastic hinge portion, a fastening portion having a fastening portion upper contact surface facing downward, and an intermediate portion extending from the elastic hinge portion to the fastening portion. The elastic hinge portion is configured to elastically bias the fastening portion downward.

[0010] In summary, the basic concept of the holder of the present invention is a so-called “normally closed” integrated fastening, or more precisely, an elastic hinge fastening. While it is known that the normally closed upper jaw of an insert seat fastens onto a cutting insert, such a configuration is not generally known in Swiss tool assemblies (the insert seat is also called an “insert pocket.” However, the seat in this application is called a “holder seat” to avoid confusion with the blade seat, as the insert seat is part of the holder). One reason is that during a typical Swiss machining operation, it was thought that a probe would extend and influence the cutting insert to locate its position. It will be understood that any insert not secured by screws (often two screws) increases the concern that the cutting insert may come out of the desired position when influenced by a probe. Therefore, with rare exceptions, a typical Swiss machining tool assembly has a cutting insert with one or two bore holes for screwing the cutting insert into the holder.

[0011] However, the concept of the present invention provides a fixed assembly, and initial tests have shown that it is robust enough to withstand the aforementioned influences.

[0012] Furthermore, it should be noted that known permanently closed maxillae for insert seats typically extend longitudinally rather than laterally. In this invention, the holder fastener extends over the pocket-side contact surface. Unlike holders for other applications, a relatively high level of stability is required, and therefore, the holder fastener of this invention works in conjunction with the pocket-side contact surface in addition to the three-point contact of the upper, bottom, and rear contact surfaces. In other words, in contrast to parting blades, for example, where the maxilla of the insert pocket extends only longitudinally, this invention allows the fastener to stably secure the blade or cutting insert to the pocket-side contact surface (stability is a particularly important factor in Swiss machining, where the workpiece is not typically held at two ends as in other machining processes). In other words, the holder fastener of this invention is a lateral holder fastener, not a longitudinally oriented fastener or jaw. Preferably, the holder fastening portion extends at least partially (or preferably strictly) in the first lateral direction so as to extend over the pocket-side contact surface. In other words, the holder fastening portion protrudes over the pocket bottom contact surface.

[0013] Lateral fastenings are not known in other machining applications, and these typically include screws to bring so-called "normally open" fastenings into a closed position, but these are not applicable to the present invention. The reason why normally open fastening designs are advantageous over the "normally closed" integrated fastening designs of the present invention is that normally open fastening designs typically have a longer tool life than fastenings with elastic hinges (i.e., screws are replaceable, while elastic hinges lose their elasticity after a certain amount of use).

[0014] However, in the design of the present invention, which was specifically conceived to benefit from Swiss machining, accessing upward-facing threads within such fasteners is difficult due to the spatial limitations of a typical Swiss gang (for example, there may be another holder tightly fitted directly above the holder). Therefore, the benefits of a normally closed elastic holder fastener were determined to outweigh the drawbacks.

[0015] When the drawing states that the pocket bottom contact surface is located "below" the pocket side contact surface, you will notice that this refers to most of the pocket side contact surface. This is because the pocket bottom contact surface and the pocket side surface merge at the lowest region of the pocket side contact surface. In other words, "below" does not mean that the pocket bottom contact surface and the pocket side contact surface must be separated. This is also true for the pocket rear contact surface, which is located behind the pocket side contact surface.

[0016] Further advantages of the holder are explained below.

[0017] The present invention describes the following embodiments and preferred features of the blade according to the present invention (the blade itself is, by definition, configured to hold at least one cutting insert), but the holder of the present invention can also directly fix the cutting insert (even standard cutting inserts, such as the so-called DO-GRIP® cutting insert manufactured by the applicant Iscar Ltd).

[0018] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a tool assembly is provided, comprising a holder according to the first aspect and either a cutting insert or a parting blade that is directly fixed within the holder pocket by a holder fastening portion. In the option where the parting blade is part of the tool assembly, the tool assembly may further comprise a cutting insert fixed to the parting blade.

[0019] In the option having a blade, the cutting insert is preferably a solid cutting insert for a single cutting edge (for example, a cutting insert of the standard such as the so-called SELF-GRIP® cutting insert manufactured by the applicant Iscar Ltd).

[0020] The cutting insert or blade according to this embodiment may be provided with a thrust hole, as will be further described below.

[0021] However, while cutting inserts with thrust holes are feasible (though not shown, they have a unified structure, and even if made from a cutting insert material such as cemented carbide, the blade and cutting insert shown can have the same shape), it is preferable that the cutting insert has a solid structure (in other words, there are no holes for receiving fastening screws or the like to secure the insert). This is because, in this case, the cutting insert can be press-formed simply and economically. As mentioned above, generally, Swiss-type cutting inserts have one or two holes extending along their sides, which allows for structurally strong attachment to the holder, but significantly increases the manufacturing cost of the cutting insert. By utilizing elastic holder fastening sections, much simpler and less expensive solid cutting inserts such as the DO-GRIP® cutting insert (or others) mentioned above can be used. Similarly, for options for blades and cutting inserts fixed to the blade, the SELF-GRIP® cutting insert (or others) mentioned above can be used.

[0022] As will be described later, the blade having the thrust hole can use a simple cutting insert with a solid structure and can be assembled in an advantageous and easy manner.

[0023] It is particularly advantageous to form a cutting insert having a tapered top and / or bottom surface, most preferably when both the top and bottom surfaces are tapered.

[0024] Therefore, with the exception of one preferred embodiment of the cutting insert having a thrust hole (the thrust hole is beneficial for the specific fastening method described in the third aspect below), all other embodiments and aspects enable the use of a considerably more economical cutting insert (e.g., SELF-GRIP® or similar cutting inserts) compared to a typical Swiss-type cutting insert with a side opening.

[0025] Elastic clamping of cutting inserts is known in the art, but it typically includes the influence of the aforementioned probes on cutting inserts, and is not known to the applicant in Swiss-type machining which cannot be provided with the described lateral elastic clamping portions.

[0026] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for securing a cutting insert or a blade to a holder according to the first aspect. Such a method may comprise a first step of partially placing the cutting insert or blade in a semi-assembled state (or "semi-assembled position") on a holder pocket, and a second step of applying a rearward force on the cutting insert or blade. The rearward force causes the cutting insert or blade to slide rearward along the pocket abutment surface, causing the upper abutment surface of the clamping portion to abut and rise until the rearward movement is stopped by the cutting insert or blade abutting against the rear abutment surface of the pocket, thereby bringing the cutting insert or blade into a fully assembled state (or "fully assembled position").

[0027] In other words, by applying a single rearward force on the cutting insert or blade, complete securing of the clamped insert or blade is achieved. In other words, the method does not include a step in which a user or a tool held by the user directly contacts the holder clamping portion to move the holder clamping portion.

[0028] The rearward force may be applied to the frontmost portion of the cutting insert or blade (for example, using a hammer with a soft nose). Alternatively, a standard two-pin cutting insert insertion tool (similar to how cutting inserts are typically inserted into insert pockets) can be rotated within a hole formed in the holder. During rotation of the tool, the force applied to the frontmost portion of the cutting insert or blade is linear. Alternatively, in the most preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, a novel propulsion hole illustrated in the drawings (which is a blade in the illustrated embodiment) is formed in the blade (or cutting insert) to apply a rearward force to the blade (or cutting insert). In the latter embodiment, the rearward force may be applied to an inner portion (rather than an outer peripheral portion) of the cutting insert or blade.

[0029] This method is referred to as the "clamping" method. The third step for removal may comprise: applying a forward force onto the cutting insert or blade, sliding the cutting insert or blade forward along the pocket abutment surface, bringing it into contact with the upper abutment surface of the fastening portion, and lifting the upper abutment surface of the fastening portion until an initial semi-assembled state that allows subsequent removal steps is reached. In the case of the first two embodiments described in the preceding paragraph, removal can be achieved by a relief hole or recess located at the rear end of the holder pocket. In the case of the third embodiment, the forward force can be applied into the propulsion hole.

[0030] Alternatively, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a different method for clamping a cutting insert or blade to a holder according to the first aspect. In this aspect, a user, or more specifically a tool held by the user, directly moves the holder fastening portion (in the illustrated embodiment, the tool is referred to as a propulsion key). Such a method may comprise a first step of applying an upward force onto the holder fastening portion to cause the fastening portion to move away from the pocket bottom abutment surface, and a second step of partially placing the cutting insert or blade onto the pocket bottom abutment surface. In a subsequent, preferred but optional step, a rearward force can be applied onto the cutting insert or blade until rearward movement is stopped when the cutting insert or blade abuts against the rear pocket abutment surface. After the second step or the third step, the holder fastening portion is released, and the holder fastening portion elastically moves toward the pocket bottom abutment surface to clamp the cutting insert or blade.

[0031] In such a method, the holder fastening portion is preferably formed by a lever-receiving structure. Alternatively, for example, a tool may be pressed between the holder fastening portion, preferably the middle portion of the holder fastening portion, and the upper portion of the holder, thereby moving the holder fastening portion upward by lever force. However, the former option, the lever-receiving structure (illustrated in the drawings as a fastening hole), is preferred for control purposes. Such tools may be quite small and require considerable force to fasten the cutting insert or blade for machining, and it will be understood that excessive force is very likely to be applied to the elastic fastening holder, potentially damaging it. Therefore, the lever-receiving structure is preferred. More preferably, for the same reasons, is the holder pocket hole illustrated in the first embodiment in the drawings, in which case the holder pocket hole is not damaged by excessive force applied to the holder fastening (for in such embodiments the user does not directly contact the holder fastening, and the cutting insert or blade indirectly applies only a controlled upward force to the holder fastening (the upward force is limited by the precisely manufactured height)).

[0032] This method is called a "fastening" method for removal, and may involve the steps of applying the same upward and forward force to the holder fastening portion to separate it from the pocket bottom contact surface, and the subsequent step of removing the cutting insert or blade from the pocket rear contact surface. The holder fastening portion is then released and moves elastically toward the pocket bottom contact surface.

[0033] The embodiments described above optionally apply to either a cutting insert held by a holder according to the first embodiment or a blade (configured to hold a cutting insert). The following embodiments specifically apply only to blades configured together with a blade seat for holding a cutting insert.

[0034] Blades configured for Swiss-type machining are uncommon, and perhaps do not exist. For the purposes of this specification and the claims, “blade” means a component configured to hold a cutting insert and configured to be assembled into a holder, which is configured to be assembled into a machine turret or gang. In other words, the term “blade” as used herein excludes (or is not intended to refer to) components having a blade portion and an integrated (enlarged cross-section) shank (typically having a square cross-section) configured to be held directly within a machine turret or gang.

[0035] While blades are well-known in standard CNC machining, the primary reason they are not known in Swiss machining is that typical Swiss machining operations are dedicated to fairly small applications and therefore only use fairly small tool assemblies. To give a scale, the blade illustrated in the drawings has a maximum blade height BH of about 11 mm, a maximum blade length BL of about 22 mm, and a maximum blade thickness BT of less than 1 mm. In other words, the blade itself is about the size of a SIM card or a fingernail. Given that known blades are significantly larger, a more appropriate name for the blade of this application might be "microblade" or "miniature blade." However, since such a designation is not common practice at present, dimensions are provided to distinguish it from prior art blades designed for different machining applications.

[0036] Returning to the present invention, one reason for not using blades in Swiss machining is that, given the small size mentioned above, cutting inserts can be used without the additional component of a blade required for the tool assembly. While cemented carbide cutting inserts are typically small due to press working and cost limitations, the size under consideration is indeed common for cutting inserts.

[0037] In tool assemblies, fewer components are preferable because each extra component held in excess reduces rigidity (i.e., a tool assembly having a holder, a blade, and a cutting insert is less rigid than a tool holder having a holder that directly holds the cutting insert).

[0038] Furthermore, the preferred blade of the present invention is made of metal, more preferably steel, as is typical in the metal cutting industry with respect to components other than the cutting insert. However, as is well known, metal blades (especially thin blades, such as those desirable for grooving or parting) are more prone to bending than cutting inserts made from harder materials (typically cemented carbide). Clearly, the first design choice for a Swiss-type tool assembly is the cutting insert, not the blade that holds the cutting insert.

[0039] The present invention is based on the view that typical Swiss tool assemblies have relatively expensive cutting inserts, and that the economic benefits (particularly the economic benefits over solid cutting inserts, and more preferably, single-edge cutting inserts, for the reasons described below) outweigh the loss of rigidity due to the use of blades for the reasons described above. Accordingly, the present invention utilizes blades in the discovery that economical solid cutting inserts (i.e., solid cutting inserts that are more economical than known Swiss cutting inserts with holes formed on the sides) can be used later.

[0040] However, using Swiss-type machining blades presents its own unique challenges.

[0041] As mentioned above, Swiss machining typically includes a position-measuring probe that contacts the cutting insert during inspection. However, it has been found that preferred embodiments using non-screwed cutting inserts, as well as preferred embodiments using non-screwed blades, are robust enough to prevent the probe from coming loose due to its influence.

[0042] Regarding the problem of the blade being more flexible than the cutting insert, the holder of the present invention preferably includes a permanently closed holder fastening portion, so that the force applied by the fastening portion to a fairly small blade is controlled during the holder manufacturing stage and is not dependent on the user tightening the screw on the blade. However, while the permanently closed holder fastening portion of the present invention is certainly preferable for protecting the bending of the blade and solving the spatial limitations in Swiss gang configurations, it will be understood that the embodiments of the blade of the present invention are not limited to use in a particular holder.

[0043] The normally closed holder fastening section also allows for fastening the blade without threads extending through the blade itself. It is understandable that, in the case of very thin metal blades, threads contacting the sides of the blade can cause unwanted bending of the blade.

[0044] Furthermore, the lateral holder fastening section provides greater stability than the longitudinally oriented holder fastening section, which is preferable for Swiss-type operations.

[0045] After the initial concept proved feasible, further advancements were made to preferred blade assembly features. Specifically, while embodiments with thrust holes were described above, they can be incorporated into any one of the other embodiments comprising a blade. As will become apparent, such thrust holes minimize the possibility of blade bending.

[0046] Each of the following embodiments focuses on an independent advantageous feature found in a blade according to the present invention. Moreover, all of the aforementioned features can be incorporated into any blade of the present invention.

[0047] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a blade is provided, the blade comprising: opposing sides of a first blade and a second blade; opposing front edge and rear edge of a blade; opposing upper edge and bottom edge of a blade; a first blade seat and a second blade seat, each comprising a basic jaw and a second jaw opposite the basic jaw, and configured to be elastically fastened; a maximum blade height BH measured from the bottom edge to the upper edge of the blade; a maximum blade length BL measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH and from the front edge to the rear edge of the blade; and a maximum blade thickness BT measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH and from the side of the first blade to the side of the second blade, wherein the maximum blade thickness BT is less than the maximum blade height BH; the maximum blade length BL satisfies the condition L < 45 mm; the first blade seat opens at the front edge of the blade; and the second blade seat opens at the rear edge of the blade.

[0048] In summary, embodiments of the present invention define blades that are essentially smaller than almost all typical blades (L < 45 mm), but differ from known blades in that they also further feature two blade seats. No known blades of similar size have the benefit of the second blade seat, which is considered to double the productivity of the blades.

[0049] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a blade is provided, the blade comprising opposing sides of a first blade and a second blade, opposing front edge and rear edge portions of the blade, opposing upper edge and bottom edge portions of the blade, and a first blade seat opening at the front edge portion of the blade, the first blade seat comprising a basic seat jaw configured to be elastically fastened and a second seat jaw opposite the basic seat jaw, and thrust holes opening at the sides of the first blade and the second blade.

[0050] The novel thrust holes in aspects of the present invention allow the blade to be assembled into a holder pocket, and the problem of relatively thin blades bending, which occurs when a rearward force is applied to the outer edge of the blade, is avoided.

[0051] Such thrust holes allow for the assembly of relatively small blades into the holder in a user-friendly manner, and also enable the numerous advantages mentioned above.

[0052] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a tool assembly is provided, comprising a holder according to a first aspect and a blade according to a sixth aspect, wherein the holder further comprises a holder guide hole opening to the pocket-side contact surface.

[0053] Therefore, a propulsion key, which may be a simple cylindrical rod (or having the further features described below), can be inserted through the propulsion hole into the holder guide hole, and then moved to apply a rearward force over the propulsion hole, thereby moving the blade backward. The holder guide hole is preferably narrowed so that the key can be used as a lever from the narrow portion of the hole, but it is also possible to simply enlarge the holder guide hole compared to the blade propulsion hole, or to make it elongated, for example, in the rearward direction, in which case the entire propulsion key can simply be inserted and moved backward to move the blade. In either case, a relatively harder holder prevents damage to a relatively thinner blade. Naturally, the narrow portion shown in the figure is preferred for controlling the propulsion of the blade.

[0054] Preferably, in any embodiment in which the blade has a piercing hole, the piercing hole has a hole surface, and the hole surface extends perpendicularly to the first side of the blade and the second side of the blade. This makes it possible to simply manufacture the piercing hole, for example, by laser cutting. In detail, other holes may not be flat in that they are designed to receive a screw head (and therefore designed in a so-called bell shape) or designed to receive a threaded screw shank (and therefore designed together with the screw hole surface). The piercing hole of the present invention may be as described above, since it is not designed to receive a screw.

[0055] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a tool assembly is provided, comprising a holder according to the first aspect and a blade elastically held in the holder by a holder fastening portion, wherein the blade comprises a blade seat configured to be elastically fastened.

[0056] It will be understood that having the blade elastically held by the holder, and the blade itself elastically held by the cutting insert, is not a trivial solution. This is because, when removing the cutting insert from the blade seat, the blade may be accidentally ejected from the holder. This is especially true if the removal direction of the blade and the cutting insert is the same (in the illustrated example, both are removed forward). Therefore, it is preferable that the holder fastening portion is configured to apply a greater fastening force to the blade than the fastening force configured to apply to the cutting insert that holds the blade in the blade seat. In other words, the first fastening force applied to the parting blade in the holder pocket is greater than the second fastening force applied to the cutting insert in the blade seat.

[0057] In particular, tool assemblies and their components do not need to have threads, which allows for easy manufacturing and miniaturization (because neither needs to accommodate a screw(s), and screw holes require a relatively larger thickness within the component than non-threaded holes). In other words, a tool assembly may consist only of a holder, a blade, and a cutting insert (such a definition excludes tools used for inserting and removing the blade and cutting insert, such as propeller keys, and covers only the components involved in machining).

[0058] In other words, the tool assembly and its components do not need to have threads. More specifically, the tool assembly does not have threads for the purpose of mounting the blade to the holder or the cutting insert to the blade. Threads or threaded parts may be present for purposes not related to the present invention (for example, threads may be provided to allow adjustment of the shank in a turret). It will be understood that the features of a tool assembly without threads or threaded parts relate to the elastic mode in which the blade is held in the holder and the cutting insert is held in the blade (or, in an alternative option, the elastic mode in which the cutting insert is held in the holder).

[0059] Given the unique advantages of the structure of small blades, it will be understood that a different style of defining such blades, other than providing numerical dimensions, is to describe the ratio of the blade seat to the solid portion of the blade.

[0060] According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a blade is provided, the blade comprising: opposing sides of a first blade and a second blade; opposing front edge and rear edge of a blade; opposing upper edge and bottom edge of a blade; a first blade seat opening at the front edge of the blade and comprising a basic seat jaw and a second seat jaw opposite the basic seat jaw, configured to be elastically fastened; a maximum blade height BH measured from the bottom edge to the upper edge of the blade; and a measurement perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH, measured from the front edge to the rear edge of the blade. The blade comprises a maximum blade length BL, a maximum blade thickness BT measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH from the side of the first blade to the side of the second blade, and a maximum seat length SL parallel to the maximum blade length BL and measured from the foremost point of the first blade seat adjacent to the leading edge of the blade to the last point of the first blade seat distal to the leading edge of the blade, wherein the maximum blade thickness BT is less than the maximum blade height BH, and the maximum blade length BL and the maximum seat length SL define a length-to-seat ratio BL / SL that satisfies the condition: BL / SL < 5.

[0061] In the case of a blade where the blade seat opens at the leading edge and trailing edge of the blade, a small-sized blade may be defined slightly differently from the ninth embodiment.

[0062] According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, a blade is provided, the blade comprising a first blade seat and a second blade seat configured to elastically fasten, each comprising a first blade seat and a second blade seat The blade comprises a maximum blade thickness BT measured from the side of the first blade to the side of the second blade, and a seat-to-seat length STS parallel to the maximum blade length BL and measured parallel to the maximum blade length BL between the distal portions of the first and second blade seats, wherein the first blade seat opens at the leading edge of the blade and the second blade seat opens at the trailing edge of the blade, the maximum blade thickness BT is less than the maximum blade height BH, and the maximum seat-to-seat length STS and the maximum blade height BH define a seat-to-height ratio STS / BH that satisfies the condition: STS / BH > 1.2.

[0063] A similar, yet different, definition is provided by an eleventh aspect of the present invention, which provides a blade comprising opposing first and second sides of the blade, opposing front and rear edges of the blade, opposing top and bottom edges of the blade, a first blade seat opening at the front edge of the blade and comprising a basic jaw and a second jaw opposite the basic jaw, configured to be elastically fastened, a maximum blade height BH measured from the bottom edge to the top edge of the blade, a maximum blade length BL measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH and from the front edge to the rear edge of the blade, and a maximum blade thickness BT measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH and from the first side to the second side of the blade, wherein the maximum blade thickness BT is less than the maximum blade height BH, and the maximum blade length BL and the maximum blade height BH define a length-to-height ratio BL / BH that satisfies the condition: BL / BH > 1.2.

[0064] The further defined blades of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh embodiments are intended to cover various definitions of advantageous small blades that are particularly useful in Swiss applications and may be used in the earlier embodiments of the methods, holders, and assemblies and incorporated as further features of the earlier blade embodiments.

[0065] A specific tool developed for a tool assembly having the fastening hole, the holder guide hole, or the thrust hole is referred to herein as a “thrust key.” It will be understood that a thrust key, in the form of a simple cylindrical rod, can be used to fasten a cutting insert or blade within a holder having a corresponding holder guide hole. However, it is preferable that the thrust key has an enlarged cross-sectional portion. The enlarged cross-sectional portion is manufactured to be larger than the thrust hole and the holder guide hole so as to act as a stopper. This can ensure that the user only needs to be concerned with the thrust movement and does not need to manually control the depth to which the thrust key extends within the holder. It is also preferable that the thrust key is equipped with a handle.

[0066] Accordingly, according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, a push key is provided, the push key comprises a first key end and a second key end, and an elongated intermediate key body extending between the first key end and the second key end, the push key further comprises a handle adjacent to the first key end, the second key end has a first cross-sectional region, the extension of which behind the second key end is an operating portion, and the intermediate key body has a second cross-sectional region, the second cross-sectional region being larger than the first cross-sectional region, located between the handle and the second key end, and constituting the end of the operating portion.

[0067] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the propeller key.

[0068] Preferably, the first cross-sectional region is circular.

[0069] Preferably, the second cross-sectional area is circular.

[0070] Preferably, the propeller key, excluding the handle, is made of metal.

[0071] Preferably, the propeller key, excluding the handle, has an elongated rod shape. This does not mean that the cross-section must be uniform, as different cross-sections are described above. In other words, the elongated rod shape may have a radial step, incline, or other configuration at the transition between the first cross-sectional region and the second cross-sectional region.

[0072] The propulsion key according to this embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment, and it should be understood that even a cylindrical rod could be used.

[0073] According to any of the above embodiments, a further step may include inserting a thrust key into either a fastening hole, a holder guide hole, or a thrust hole, the insertion being carried out until the axial movement is stopped as the second cross-sectional area comes into contact with the respective hole into which the thrust key is inserted. A subsequent step may involve using or moving the thrust key as a lever to propel the holder fastening portion, blade, or cutting insert.

[0074] According to the above embodiments of any tool assembly, the tool assembly may further comprise a thrust key having only a single cylindrical operating part (i.e., excluding a two-pin key that inserts the cutting insert by rotational motion). Preferably, the thrust key has the basic shape of an elongated rod. The thrust key may further comprise any of the above features. In such an assembly, the advantage is that the entire assembly has fewer parts than a screw assembly. For example, in an assembly with a blade, the entire assembly strictly comprises only four components for assembly and operation (i.e., a holder, a blade, a cutting insert fixed to the blade, and a thrust key). For example, in an assembly having only a cutting insert with a thrust hole, the entire assembly strictly comprises only three components for assembly and operation (i.e., a holder, a cutting insert fixed to the holder, and a thrust key).

[0075] A further advantage of the method of assembling / removing a blade or cutting insert by extending a thrust key or thrust hole through it is that even while removing the blade or cutting insert, the thrust key still extends through the blade or cutting insert and holder, so the blade or cutting insert will not fall to the floor even if it is no longer fixed to the holder.

[0076] A preferred further feature of any one of the previous embodiments is as follows:

[0077] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the blade shape.

[0078] With respect to small-shaped blades, preferably the length-to-seat ratio BL / SL satisfies the condition BL / SL < 5, more preferably BL / SL < 4, or most preferably BL / SL < 3.5. More specifically, as can be seen from the illustrated example, the maximum seat length SL is measured from the corner (outermost part of the blade seat) to the end of the slot. If the blade has two or more blade seats and they are not identically formed, it is intended to use blade seats with a larger maximum seat length SL.

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, to further stabilize the Swiss-type working blade, a preferred additional optional reinforcing portion (illustrated as “first reinforcing portion and second reinforcing portion”) may be provided, extending not only below the blade seat but even forward of the blade seat. Such reinforcing portions are optional, and an alternative definition for the elongated blade shape may be defined by the maximum blade seat length STS. In the illustrated example, the blade seat length STS is measured between the first and second corners associated with the blade seat jaws of the blade seat. Preferably, the seat-to-height ratio STS / BH satisfies the condition: STS / BH > 1.2, more preferably STS / BH > 1.4. However, due to horizontal spatial constraints, it is still desirable that the blade is not excessively elongated horizontally. Therefore, it is preferable that the seat-to-height ratio STS / BH satisfies the condition: STS / BH < 2.4, more preferably STS / BH < 2.0.

[0080] Regardless of the number or size of the blade seats, in general, with respect to the blade shape, blades of regular shapes (triangular, square, hexagonal, etc.) are feasible, but to improve the vertical compactness of the Swiss gang, it is preferable that the blade be elongated. As an addition or alternative, with respect to the previous size definition, the length-to-height ratio BL / BH preferably satisfies the condition: BL / BH > 1.2, or preferably BL / BH > 1.5. However, similarly due to horizontal space constraints, it is still desirable that the blade not be excessively elongated horizontally. Therefore, it is preferable that the length-to-height ratio BL / BH satisfies the condition: BL / BH < 2.6, preferably BL / BH < 2.4.

[0081] In terms of dimensions in quantitative terms, the maximum blade length BL preferably satisfies the condition: BL < 45 mm, more preferably BL < 35 mm, and most preferably BL < 30 mm. However, the blade length cannot be reduced to zero. Therefore, it is also preferable that the blade BL satisfies the condition: BL > 15 mm, preferably BL > 20 mm.

[0082] Additionally or alternatively, the maximum blade height BH is preferably satisfied with the condition: BH < 45 mm, more preferably BH < 25 mm, and most preferably BH < 20 mm. However, the blade height cannot be reduced to zero. Therefore, the blade height BH is also preferably satisfied with the condition: BH > 5 mm, preferably BH > 10 mm.

[0083] For the sake of perfection, in parting operations, the minimum possible blade thickness that provides sufficient structural strength is preferable. In this application, the small blade of the present invention differs from conventional parting blades, which most commonly have a blade thickness of 2 mm or 3 mm. More specifically, the blade of the present invention preferably satisfies the condition that the maximum blade thickness BT is BT < 1.6 mm, more preferably BT < 1.2 mm, and most preferably BT < 1.0 mm, or even further BT < 0.8 mm. However, the blade thickness cannot be reduced to zero. Therefore, it is also preferable that the blade thickness BT satisfies the condition BT > 0.5 mm.

[0084] It is preferable that the blade has a flat shape (i.e., without any projections extending laterally from the sides of the first and second blades). To clarify, projections do not simply mean thickening the central portion of the blade to increase structural stability. It will be understood that certain adapter-type components may have laterally extending projections for assembly purposes, not for structural strength purposes.

[0085] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the blade seat and the cutting insert held by the blade seat.

[0086] It will be understood that blade seats of such small thickness are preferably elastic, as there is little space for screw holes to hold screws. Elastic blade seats of a blade can be any known configuration. In detail, elastic blade seats do not have screws or fasteners to hold the cutting insert to the seat, but use the elastic movement of one of the multiple jaws of the seat, typically. Each blade seat as described herein comprises a basic seat jaw (i.e., the basic seat jaw located below the cutting insert, or in other words, the basic seat jaw located opposite the cutting insert with respect to the rake face of the cutting insert) and a second seat jaw. The second seat jaw illustrated in the drawings herein may be defined as extending above the cutting insert and located above the basic seat jaw. Another known configuration is one in which the second jaw is located behind the basic seat jaw, as shown in USP 9,259,788. In embodiments where the maximum blade thickness BT is excessively small (1 mm or less), the cutting insert is formed with opposing tapered faces, and both the basic jaw and the second jaw are formed with tapered faces to assist in the assembly of the cutting insert into the flexible metal blade.

[0087] It is preferable for a blade to have two or fewer blade seats (i.e., one or two blade seats) to avoid weakening an already small blade by removing too much material. This is because a blade seat located below the other blade seat that holds the effective cutting insert during machining weakens the area below the effective blade seat, and this weakening is far more pronounced in Swiss machining and / or excessively thin blades than in larger blades. Thus, it will be clear why it is most preferable for a blade to have exactly two blade seats (which makes the blade more economical than having a single blade seat). However, it should be noted that one blade seat is a feasible but less preferable option, as three or more blade seats are feasible for the reasons stated. However, two blade seats are certainly considered the optimal number.

[0088] It is possible to arrange the blade seats at diametrically opposed corners (for example, one at the upper right corner and the other at the lower left corner in a side view of the blade), but it is preferable to use a mirror-symmetric configuration (as illustrated, one at the upper right corner and the other at the upper left corner in a side view). In other words, it is preferable that both the first and second blade seats open closer to the upper edge of the blade than to the bottom edge of the blade. In other words, it is preferable that both blade seats are adjacent to the upper edge of the blade.

[0089] This offers several advantages, such as enabling smaller blade designs. Because the holder pocket is recessed within the outer cross-sectional shape of the holder, the blade can be elongated without affecting miniaturization (i.e., height, which is particularly important in Swiss-style applications). Furthermore, blade pockets closer to the upper edge of the blade and another blade pocket closer to the bottom edge are also perfectly feasible, but they reduce the support of the blade by the blade pocket along the bottom edge. In other words, the rear blade seat (i.e., the second blade seat in the drawing) is associated only with an insignificant contact surface, i.e., the pocket rear contact surface which is essentially a stopper, thus resulting in less loss of support. It will be understood that the majority of forces on the blade are downward. Regardless of other design features, it will also be understood that complete support for the blade on the pocket bottom contact surface is advantageous over a blade that is not supported below the blade seat.

[0090] Preferably, the pocket bottom contact surface extends below at least a portion of the foremost blade seat (i.e., the effective blade seat illustrated as the first blade seat). More preferably, the pocket bottom contact surface extends below the entire foremost blade seat, providing full support below the foremost blade seat. In the most preferred embodiment, the pocket bottom contact surface even extends forward of the area below the foremost blade seat. Naturally, in the latter preference, this portion can be called a reinforcing portion. In other words, the blade may have a reinforcing portion that extends from below and forward of the foremost blade seat and extends to the blade bottom edge. In assembly, the reinforcing portion at the blade bottom edge contacts the pocket bottom contact surface. It will be understood that this blade is more stable than conventional blades that are typically not partially supported below the blade seat. This blade can also be defined for the blade alone, for example, it is preferable that the blade bottom edge extends below the entire blade seat. It is more preferable that the blade bottom edge extends forward of the blade seat. In other words, it is preferable that the reinforcing portion extends from the blade seat to the bottom edge of the blade. It is preferable that the reinforcing portion extends forward of the blade seat.

[0091] While solid cutting inserts have been described as preferable, it should be noted that single-cutting-edge inserts are also preferable. Cutting inserts with two or more cutting edges (i.e., replaceable-edge cutting inserts) are more economical, but they can also reduce the cutting depth. Furthermore, in the holder illustrated in the first embodiment, the blade is inserted by sliding motion, so additional cutting edges would hinder such insertion due to the influence of the pocket-side contact surface (this does not apply to the second embodiment, where the holder fastening portion is lifted and the cutting insert or blade is inserted laterally). Pocket-side contact surfaces alternating with relief recesses at the height of the cutting edge are possible, but this would reduce the stability of the blade adjacent to the fastening portion and cause blade bending. Therefore, at least with respect to the sliding motion embodiment, the blade allows for the use of a considerably smaller, and therefore more economical, cutting insert.

[0092] Regarding the definition of a corner, the basic jaw and the leading edge of the blade may meet at a first corner. Similarly, in embodiments having two blade seats, the other basic jaw and the trailing edge of the blade may meet at a second corner. The second jaw and the upper edge of the blade may meet at a third corner. Similarly, in embodiments having two blade seats, the other second jaw and the upper edge of the blade may meet at a fourth corner.

[0093] Next, various desirable features related to fastening and / or assembly will be described in detail.

[0094] The holder fastening portion theoretically fastens the blade side in order to bias the blade against the pocket-side contact surface, but a preferred option is for the upper edge of the blade, which has a tapered portion at the upper edge.

[0095] More specifically, the tapering may extend from the first side of the blade to the second side of the blade (single inclined surface). More preferably, the tapering may extend from both the first and second sides of the blade (i.e., a double inclined surface such as an inverted V-shape) so that the blade tip is replaceable.

[0096] Similarly, the blade bottom edge may have a tapered bottom edge portion, and the tapered bottom edge portion may also have a single inclined surface, but preferably a double inclined edge portion. If the blade has a tapered top edge portion, it will be understood that the corresponding fastening surface will have a tapered top edge portion. Similarly, if the blade has a tapered bottom edge portion, the corresponding pocket bottom surface will have a tapered pocket bottom portion.

[0097] To reduce the amount of force that raises the elastic holder fastening portion, the tapered portion of the upper edge of the blade preferably has a blade tapered upper edge length TTL, and the blade tapered upper edge length TTL is preferably smaller than the blade maximum (total) upper edge length MTL of the upper edge of the blade. More precisely, the blade maximum upper edge length MTL and the blade tapered upper edge length TTL define an upper-to-edge ratio MTL / TTL that satisfies the condition: MTL / TTL > 2, or more preferably MTL / TTL > 3.

[0098] The bottom edge of the blade is preferably longer than the top edge of the blade to provide additional structural strength below the blade seat, where the greatest force is applied to the blade (i.e., downward, opposite to the rearward direction).

[0099] The upper and lower edges of the blade are preferably tapered to help retain the blade against lateral forces during machining, but with different advantages, reducing the structural strength of the upper edge of the blade (by shortening the length of the upper edge), i.e., reducing the amount of force required to lift the fastening, while allowing the tapered upper edge of the blade to move into a fully assembled state (which is likely to take longer if the tapered upper edge of the blade is relatively long). Therefore, the length of the tapered upper edge of the blade TTL (i.e., the tapered portion of the upper edge of the blade only) is preferably shorter than the length of the tapered lower edge of the blade TBL (i.e., the tapered portion of the lower edge of the blade only), defining a tapered-to-tapered portion ratio TTL / TBL < 1. Preferably, TTL / TBL < 0.75, more preferably TTL / TBL < 0.50, and most preferably TTL / TBL < 0.25.

[0100] Preferably, the tapered upper edge portion is located above the relief portion. This reduces the amount and / or time required to lift the holder fastening portion. Preferably, the tapered upper edge portion is located between the two relief portions.

[0101] Preferably, the tapered upper edge portion extends both forward and downward on one side of the upper edge portion, and backward and downward on the other side. In other words, the tapered upper edge portion may preferably have a point or apex. This can further reduce the force / time required to fasten the blade.

[0102] Preferably, and especially in the case of an interchangeable blade having two blade seats adjacent to the upper edge of the blade, the tapered portion of the upper edge is located in the center.

[0103] Preferably, the tapered portion of the bottom edge extends along most of the blade's bottom edge. It will be understood that the longer the tapered portion, the greater the lateral stability. This is in contrast to the shortened length of the tapered portion of the top edge, which is preferable to shorten for different benefits. Most preferably, the tapered portion of the bottom edge extends along the entire blade's bottom edge.

[0104] Alternatively, the structural strength described above can be defined by a blade having reinforcing portions extending downward and forward from the blade seat. More precisely, the blade may have a first reinforcing portion extending downward and forward from the first corner. In embodiments in which the second blade seat opens at the trailing edge of the blade, the blade may have a second reinforcing portion extending downward and rearward from the second corner. In the above definitions, the first and second corners described above are located where the basic jaw of the first blade seat meets the leading edge of the blade, and where the basic jaw of the second blade seat meets the trailing edge of the blade, respectively.

[0105] Preferably, the bottom edge of the blade extends in a straight line in the side view of the blade. It will be understood that a blade having a lower front stop (with a stepped shape) is not interchangeable in the same sliding manner and therefore is not designed with two blade seats at the front and rear edges of the blade.

[0106] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the piercing hole.

[0107] Conventional blades may have holes configured for the removal or assembly of cutting inserts (hereinafter referred to as "removal holes," indicated as "55" in Figure 4C), but the novel drive holes of the present invention are not removal holes. Therefore, even in the present invention, which targets small blades, the blade still has additional holes above the two holes shown. In other words, the blade according to the present invention may have more holes than the blade seat (for example, in the example showing two blade seats, the two removal holes and the additional hole are the drive holes). In other words, the blade according to the present invention may preferably have more holes than the insert seat. Nevertheless, it is feasible to design a single hole for two purposes.

[0108] Preferably, the thrust holes are located symmetrically between the two blade seats.

[0109] Preferably, the piercing holes are located closer to the lower edge of the blade than one blade seat or (in embodiments having two or more blade seats) multiple blade seats. This can provide more structural stability to the blade than directly introducing the material deficit between the two gaps (i.e., the blade seats).

[0110] Preferably, the thrust holes are larger than each of the respective extraction holes.

[0111] Preferably, the maximum dimension PH of the piercing hole satisfies the condition PH > 2 mm. More preferably, PH > 3 mm. However, for small blades, PH < 5 mm is also preferable to prevent excessive weakening of the blade. In exemplary embodiments, the piercing hole is preferably cylindrical, and the maximum dimension PH of the piercing hole is the diameter as shown in the side view. However, the piercing hole may be of a different shape or even elongated. For ease of manufacture, the cylindrical shape is the most preferred shape.

[0112] If the blade has a mirror-symmetric shape around the planar intermediate portion between the front and rear ends of the blade, the thrust hole is preferably located in the middle of the blade.

[0113] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the holder pocket.

[0114] Theoretically, the holder fastening portion abuts against the side of the cutting insert or blade for more secure fastening, but the upper contact surface of the fastening portion may be inclined inward, preferably facing downward and a second lateral direction. This allows the fastening force to be directed towards both the pocket-side contact surface and the pocket bottom contact surface. By similar reasoning, the pocket bottom contact surface is preferably inclined inward, preferably facing upward and a second lateral direction. Most preferably, both the upper contact surface of the fastening portion and the pocket bottom contact surface are inclined inward toward each other toward the pocket-side contact surface.

[0115] A feasible option for the pocket rear contact surface is to incline inward toward the pocket side contact surface; however, in embodiments where the pocket bottom contact surface and / or the fastening top contact surface are tapered, it is more preferable that the pocket rear contact surface is not inclined and preferably faces only in the forward direction. In other words, preferably, the pocket rear contact surface is perpendicular to the pocket side contact surface. This is because the pocket bottom contact surface and / or the fastening top contact surface are already tapered, providing sufficient lateral support and enabling the manufacture of more economical pocket rear contact surfaces (and corresponding cutting insert or blade trailing edges).

[0116] The pocket bottom contact surface can be formed as one or more point contacts, but in the side view of the first side of the holder, the pocket bottom contact surface is preferably elongated in the direction of the second side. In comparison, the pocket rear contact surface can be relatively shorter because, in most cases, it provides a stopper function (unlike the pocket bottom contact surface, which receives most of the machining force).

[0117] Preferably, the pocket-side contact surface extends to the rear of the fastening portion, preferably to the rear of the entire holder fastening portion. This makes the blade structurally stronger (because the gap formed by the blade seat is relatively smaller than the material portion of the blade and when the blade is shorter in the forward / rear direction).

[0118] Preferably, the pocket rear contact surface is located behind the entire holder fastening portion.

[0119] Preferably, the pocket rear contact surface faces downward and forward to help prevent rotation of the blade or cutting insert fastened to the holder.

[0120] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the holder fastening portion.

[0121] According to some embodiments, the holder fastening portion is preferably solid (i.e., without holes).

[0122] To allow movement without plastic deformation, it is preferable that the elastic hinge portion be spaced apart from the first side. Preferably, the elastic hinge portion extends from the upper side of the head adjacent to the second side of the holder. Furthermore, it is preferable that the elastic hinge portion does not extend beyond the second side of the holder (to allow for a smaller form).

[0123] Preferably, the intermediate portion extends strictly in the first lateral direction only (i.e., reducing forward overhang from the blade within the gang).

[0124] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to the holder guide hole.

[0125] The holder guide hole may be a blind hole, but preferably it is a through hole that opens on both the first side of the holder (more precisely, the pocket-side contact surface) and the second side of the holder. This allows for the assembly and removal of cutting inserts or blades using a thrust key from both sides of the holder.

[0126] The holder guide hole is preferably elongated in the forward and backward directions. The holder guide hole preferably has a narrow portion. The holder guide hole is preferably hourglass-shaped (or, in other words, X-shaped).

[0127] Since there is no intention to use screws, it will be understood that the holder guide holes are preferably not threaded. Similarly, the entire holder is preferably not threaded (or "without threads").

[0128] Next, we will detail various desirable features related to Swiss-type machining applications.

[0129] Regarding the basic structure of the holder, it preferably comprises an elongated shank portion and a head portion extending forward of the shank portion. This structure differs from typical blade holder structures, such as those exemplified in USP 9,259,788.

[0130] The holder pocket is formed at least partially on the head portion at the side of the first holder.

[0131] Preferably, the holder pocket extends behind the head portion (the head portion is defined from the front end of the holder to the last point of the holder fastening portion).

[0132] The shank portion may comprise opposing first and second shank sides connected by an upper and bottom shank portion. All of these sides are preferably flat. A square cross-section is possible, but a rectangular cross-section is also an option. For applications other than Swiss-type machining turrets, shank portions of different shapes, such as cylindrical, are also possible.

[0133] To achieve miniaturization, it is preferable that the entire holder, when viewed from the front end of the holder (i.e., viewed in the rearward direction), is contained within the first side of the shank, the second side of the shank, the upper side of the shank, and the bottom side of the shank (i.e., the cross-section of the shank or the "forward outer shape" of the shank). This inevitably eliminates the holder fastening portion, which reduces the size of the holder. However, it is preferable that the cross-section of the head portion extends beyond the cross-section of the shank portion (in the above diagram) only through the holder fastening portion, and not in any further direction.

[0134] In other words, in the front view of the holder (i.e., the view of the front end), it is preferable that only the portion of the holder that extends beyond the outer shape of the shank portion is in the upward direction. In other words, in the front view of the holder, the shank portion has a certain outer shape, and the only portion of the holder that extends outside the outer shape of the shank portion extends in the upward direction.

[0135] Similarly, in the diagram of the front end of the holder in the rearward direction, excluding the upper edge of the blade, the blade is located within the cross-section of the shank portion.

[0136] In the rear view of the front end of the holder, the cutting edge of the cutting insert is preferably located in the upper (upper right or upper left) region of the holder (excluding the holder fastening portion from consideration).

[0137] To better understand the subject matter of this application and to show how it can be put into practice, please refer to the attached drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0138] [Figure 1A] This is a side perspective view of the tool assembly in its fully assembled state (or, in other words, in a "fastened" or "fixed" state) according to the present invention. [Figure 1B] This is a side perspective view of the tool assembly shown in Figure 1A, from a side different from the side shown in Figure 1A. [Figure 2A] Figure 1A is a top view of the cutting insert in the tool assembly. [Figure 2B]Figure 2A is a front view of the cutting insert. [Figure 2C] Figure 2A is a side view of the cutting insert. [Figure 2D] Figure 2A is a rear view of the cutting insert. [Figure 3] This is a side view of the jacking key. [Figure 4A] Figure 1A is a top view of the blade of the tool assembly. [Figure 4B] Figure 4A is a front view of the blade. [Figure 4C] Figure 4A is a side view of the blade. [Figure 4D] Figure 4A is a rear view of the blade. [Figure 4E] Figure 4A is a bottom view of the blade. [Figure 5] This is a side view of different blades and cutting inserts assembled to the blades according to the present invention. [Figure 6A] Figure 1A is a top view of the holder of the tool assembly. [Figure 6B] This is a rear view of the holder shown in Figure 6A. [Figure 6C] This is a side view of the holder shown in Figure 6A. [Figure 6D] Figure 6A is a front view of the holder. [Figure 6E] This is a side view of the holder shown in Figure 6A, from a side different from the side shown in Figure 6C. [Figure 7A] Figure 1A is a partial top view of the tool assembly (the term "partial" is intended to indicate that the complete holder is not shown). [Figure 7B] Figure 7A is a rear view of the tool assembly. [Figure 7C] Figure 7A is a partial side view of the tool assembly. [Figure 7D] Figure 7A is a front view of the tool assembly. [Figure 7E] This is a partial side view of the tool assembly shown in Figure 7A, from a side different from the side shown in Figure 7C. [Figure 8A]This is a partial side perspective view of the tool assembly shown in Figure 1A in a partially assembled state, and the diagram is oriented in the same direction as the arrow indicated by "VA" in Figure 9. [Figure 8B] Figure 8A is a partial side view of the tool assembly. [Figure 8C] Figure 8A is a partial side perspective view of the tool assembly, and the figure is oriented in the same direction as the arrow indicated by "VC" in Figure 9. [Figure 8D] This is a cross-sectional view of the holder taken along the line VIIID-VIIID in Figure 6C. [Figure 9] Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of the tool assembly taken along line IX-IX, and the propulsion key in Figure 3 is schematically shown at four different positions. [Figure 10A] This is a disassembled side perspective view of another tool assembly according to the present invention. [Figure 10B] Figure 10A is a side perspective view of the tool assembly. [Figure 10C] Figure 10A is a front view of the tool assembly. [Figure 11A] Figure 10A is a side perspective view of the tool assembly, which is further equipped with a propulsion key. [Figure 11B] This is a side perspective view of the tool assembly shown in Figure 11A, from a side different from the side shown in Figure 11A. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0139] Referring to Figures 1A and IB, a first Swiss-type tool assembly 10 is illustrated. The assembly 10 comprises a holder 12, a blade 14 mounted on the holder 12, and a cutting insert 16 mounted on the blade 14.

[0140] The cutting insert 16 will be described in detail with reference to Figures 2A to 2D.

[0141] The cutting insert 16 is a standard single-cutting-edge solid cutting insert configured to be held by an elastic pocket (commercially available under the trade name SELF-GRIP® by the applicant).

[0142] The cutting insert 16 comprises a cutting portion 18 and a shank portion 20 extending from the cutting portion 18.

[0143] The cutting insert 16 comprises a rake face 22 (intended to allow the chip to flow over the rake face 22), a front relief face 24A that tapers inward as the distance from the rake face 22 increases, a first side relief face 24B, and a second side relief face 24C.

[0144] The scooping surface 22 preferably has a chip forming device 26.

[0145] The cutting edge 28 extends along the intersection line of the rake face 22, the front relief face 24A, the first side relief face 24B, and the second side relief face 24C.

[0146] The shank portion 20 comprises an upper shank surface 30A, a lower shank surface 30B, a first side shank surface 30C and a second side shank surface 30D, and a rear shank surface 30E.

[0147] The overall shape of the cutting insert 16, and especially the shank portion 20 of the cutting insert 16, is a straight, elongated basic shape.

[0148] The cutting edge width CW of the cutting edge 28 is greater than the cutting body width CBW of the shank portion 20. Therefore, this type of cutting insert can be used for grooving or parting operations with depths not limited by the length of the cutting insert.

[0149] In this preferred example, the cutting edge width CW is 0.8 mm.

[0150] The upper shank surface 30A is tapered. More precisely, as best shown in Figure 2D, the upper shank surface 30A tapers inward, forming a basic concave shape.

[0151] The lower shank surface 30B is tapered. More precisely, as best shown in Figure 2B, the lower shank surface 30B tapers inward, forming a basic concave shape.

[0152] For such small dimensions, it is preferable that both the upper shank surface 30A and the lower shank surface 30B are tapered to facilitate the assembly of the cutting insert 16 onto the very thin, flexible blade 14.

[0153] Referring to Figure 3, the propulsion key 32 is illustrated.

[0154] The propulsion key 32 comprises a first key end 34A and a second key end 34B, and an elongated intermediate key body 34C extending between the first key end 34A and the second key end 34B, and the handle 36 is provided adjacent to the first key end 34A.

[0155] The end of the second key end 34B includes a first cross-sectional region CS1 which is circular in this example.

[0156] Extending behind the second key end 34B is an actuation portion 38 that extends to the end 40, the actuation portion 38 comprising a second cross-sectional region CS2, which in this example is circular and, more importantly, larger than the first cross-sectional region CS1 in at least one direction.

[0157] The propulsion key 32 comprises a first frustoconical portion 42A and a second frustoconical portion 42B, but the basic shape shown is an elongated rod shape.

[0158] Blade 14 will be described in detail with reference to Figures 4A to 4E.

[0159] The blade 14 comprises opposing first blade side portions 44A and second blade side portions 44B, opposing blade front edge portions 46A and rear edge portions 46B, and opposing blade upper edge portions 48A and bottom edge portions 48B.

[0160] In this example, the blade 14 further comprises two blade seats, namely a first blade seat 50 and a second blade seat 52, which are preferably identical as shown in the figure.

[0161] Each blade seat comprises a basic seat jaw 54A, a second seat jaw 54B (located above the basic seat jaw 54A in this example), and a slot end 54C connecting the basic seat jaw 54A and the second seat jaw 54B.

[0162] The basic jaw portion 54A is tapered, preferably tapered outward in this example, forming a basic convex shape that faces the concave shape of the lower shank surface 30B of the cutting insert.

[0163] The second seat portion 54B is tapered. More precisely, as best shown in Figure 2B, the second seat portion 54B is tapered outward, forming a basic convex shape that corresponds to the concave shape of the upper shank surface 30A of the cutting insert.

[0164] The basic seat jaw portion 54A and the leading edge portion 46A of the first blade seat meet at the first corner 56A.

[0165] The basic seat jaw portion 54A and the trailing edge portion 46B of the second blade seat meet at the second corner 56B.

[0166] The second seat jaw portion 54B and the upper edge portion 48A of the first blade seat meet at the third corner 56C.

[0167] The second seat jaw 54B and the upper edge 48A of the second blade seat meet at the fourth corner 56D.

[0168] The first side 44A and the second side 44B of the blade are flat overall, except that they have a thin portion 58A and a slightly thicker portion 58B. The reason for the different thicknesses is that the metal blade is very thin so that it can bend under fastening and / or machining forces.

[0169] Referring briefly to Figure 5, the alternative, slightly thicker blade 14' is substantially different from the blade in Figure 4C only in that it has a completely flat shape without any thinner or thicker sections, as it is strong enough to withstand the aforementioned force.

[0170] The trailing edge 46B is provided with a flat rear contact surface 60. Preferably, the flat rear contact surface 60 is spaced apart from the second blade seat 52 so that if the second blade seat 52 is the first seat to be used for machining, and the second blade seat 52 is damaged during machining, the blade 14 can still be replaced and used, and the rear contact surface 60 will not be damaged or bent (if it is close to the blade seat, the rear contact surface 60 is more likely to be damaged or bent). It should also be noted that the flat rear contact surface 60 extends rearward and downward (i.e., is inclined) to further assist in preventing rotation of the blade 14 when machining forces are applied to the cutting insert 16 in the first blade seat 50.

[0171] The blade 14 is mirror-symmetric with respect to a plane P that extends through the middle of the blade 14.

[0172] Therefore, if the leading edge 46A has a corresponding flat "rear contact surface" indicated by 62, it serves the same purpose as the rear contact surface 60 when the cutting insert is assembled into the second blade seat 52.

[0173] Furthermore, some features are specified only for one side of the blade 14 for ease of reading. For example, the maximum seat length SL is specified only for the second blade seat 52, but is clearly the same for the first blade seat 52. In either case, when specifying the reverse direction for the second blade seat 52, the maximum seat length SL is measured from the second corner 56B to the slot end 54C.

[0174] The upper edge 48 of the blade includes an upper edge tapered portion 64 (i.e., having the convex shape shown in Figure 4D) and relief portions 66 on both sides of the upper edge 48 of the blade. "Relief" means that there is no tapered portion intended to make contact. As shown in the figure, the so-called relief portions 66 are lower than the tapered portion 64. Therefore, the relief portions 66 can be further tapered, but due to the height of the relief portions 66, they do not come into contact with the corresponding holder fastening portion.

[0175] More precisely, the upper edge tapered portion 64 includes a first secondary tapered edge portion 64A that slopes upward across the plane P from the relief portion 66 to the apex 68. When the first seat 50 of the blade is occupied and active by the cutting insert 16, the first secondary tapered edge portion 64A is active in fastening.

[0176] The second sub-tapered edge 64B is the part that slopes downward on the other side of vertex 68.

[0177] The blade bottom edge 48 includes a tapered bottom edge portion 70 (i.e., having the convex shape shown in Figure 4D) and extends along the entire blade bottom edge 48, as shown in Figure 4E.

[0178] The first reinforcing portion 72 (illustrated as “first reinforcing portion and second reinforcing portion”) extends below and forward of the foremost portion of the first seat of the blade (the first seat of the blade is the first corner 56A in this example). This first reinforcing portion 72 provides additional structural support when assembling and operating the cutting insert (not shown) within the first seat of the blade 50.

[0179] A second reinforcing section 74 (illustrated as "first and second reinforcing sections") extends below and behind the second corner 56A. This second reinforcing section 74 provides additional structural support when assembling and operating a cutting insert (not shown) within the first blade seat 50.

[0180] Regarding the shape of the exemplary blade 14, the quantifiable dimensions are as follows: blade tapered upper edge length TTL = 5 mm, blade maximum upper edge length MTL = 18 mm, blade tapered bottom edge length TBL = maximum blade length BL = 25 mm, blade height BH = 11.5 mm, maximum blade thickness BT = 1 mm, maximum seat length SL = 8 mm, and blade seat length STS = 21 mm. Thus, in the given embodiment, the upper edge ratio MTL / TTL is equal to 18 / 5 = 3.6, the tapered portion ratio TTL / TBL is equal to 5 / 25 = 0.2, the length-seat ratio BL / SL is equal to 25 / 8 = 3.1, the seat-height ratio STS / BH is equal to 20 / 11.5 = 1.7, and the length-height ratio BL / BH is equal to 25 / 11.5 = 2.2.

[0181] In this embodiment, the piercing hole 76 opens on the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade. The piercing hole 76 has an inner surface 78 that extends perpendicularly to the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade. The maximum dimension PH of the piercing hole is shown, and in this example, if the piercing hole 76 is cylindrical, the maximum dimension PH of the piercing hole is the diameter of the piercing hole 76.

[0182] The holder 12 will be described in detail with reference to Figures 6A to 6E.

[0183] The holder 12 comprises a first side portion 78A, a second side portion 78B, a front end portion 78C, a rear end portion 78D, an upper side portion 78E, and a bottom side portion 78F.

[0184] For understanding, the directions are as shown in the diagram: first lateral direction DS1, second lateral direction DS2, forward direction DF, rearward direction DR, upward direction DU, and downward direction DD.

[0185] The exemplary holder 12 may preferably further comprise an elongated shank portion 80 and a head portion 82. A virtual boundary plane 84 schematically shows where the shank portion 80 and the head portion 82 meet. In this example, it will be understood that there is an increase in the cross-sectional area in front of the virtual boundary plane 84, which prevents the portion of the holder 12 in front of the boundary plane 84 (referred to here as the head portion 82) from being inserted into a turret (not shown) or gang (not shown) designed to fasten the shank portion 80.

[0186] The holder 12 further includes a holder fastening portion 86 located on the upper part 78E of the holder.

[0187] As shown in Figure 6B, the shank portion 80 further comprises a first shank side portion 88A, a second shank side portion 88B, an upper shank side portion 88C, and a bottom shank side portion 88D. In particular, in the rear view and front view seen in Figures 6B and 6D, respectively, it is clear that the only direction in which a portion of the holder 12 extends outside the outline (or "footprint"; in non-limiting examples, the square outline formed by the flat shank first shank side portion 88A, the second shank side portion 88B, the upper shank side portion 88C, and the bottom shank side portion 88D) of the shank portion is upward DU (only significantly beyond the holder fastening portion 86). Also, the only portion of the holder 12 that extends outside the outline of the shank portion extends upward.

[0188] For completeness, referring to Figures 7B and 7D, it is shown that the blade 14 and cutting insert 16 may slightly exceed the outline in the first direction DS1. However, this extension is not considered significant (for example, in this example the extension is less than 1 mm). Furthermore, the small portion 90 of the head portion 82 extends further upward DU to ensure full support of the blade 14 against the head portion 82 (preventing bending). However, the extension of the small portion 90 is not significant enough to increase the small shape of the holder 12, because the considerably larger holder fastening portion 86 already prevents the holder 12 from being inserted further rearward into a turret (not shown) or gang (not shown), and further extends much further upward DU than the small portion 90.

[0189] The holder 12 further includes a holder pocket 92.

[0190] The holder pocket 92 includes a pocket-side contact surface 94 extending along the first side portion 78A of the holder, a pocket bottom contact surface 96, and a pocket rear contact surface 98.

[0191] In particular, as shown in Figure 6C, the holder pocket 92 extends behind the boundary plane 84. In other words, the holder pocket 92 extends behind the head portion 82. Therefore, it can be said that the holder pocket 92 is partially formed on the head portion 82, but in a less preferred embodiment, the holder pocket 92 may be fully formed on the head portion 82.

[0192] The pocket rear contact surface 98 faces downward DD and forward DF, as best shown in Figure 6C.

[0193] In Figure 6C, the minimum pocket height PM is shown, and the minimum pocket height PM is measured parallel to the upward DU and downward DD directions from the pocket bottom contact surface 96 to the fastening portion upper contact surface 104.

[0194] Returning to the holder fastening portion 86, the holder fastening portion 86 further comprises an elastic hinge portion 100, a fastening portion 102 having a fastening portion upper contact surface 104 facing downward DD, and an intermediate portion 106 extending from the elastic hinge portion to the fastening portion.

[0195] In particular, the elastic hinge portion 100 is formed integrally with the rest of the holder 12 so as to have a unified structure with the holder 12, and is therefore configured to elastically bias the fastening portion 102 downward when a force is applied to the fastening portion 102 in an upward direction DU. Such a configuration may preferably include an inner edge portion 108 of the elastic hinge portion 100, which is curved to reduce stress (i.e., stress as the upper contact surface 104 of the fastening portion moves upward DU to enable fastening), and such a configuration also includes a fastening gap 110 between the intermediate portion 106 and the rest of the holder 12 below the intermediate portion 106 to enable the operation of the elastic hinge portion 100. Another further feature is that the holder fastening portion 86 is solid (or, in other words, does not have screw holes of the kind known from conventional fastening portions that screw the fastening portion to the holder). Embodiments in Figures 10 and 11 include holes, but the design of these holes is not previously known. Nevertheless, neither example has a screw-receiving hole as known in the prior art.

[0196] Therefore, it can be seen that the holder fastening portion 86 is configured to fasten the blade or insert without being screw-connected to the holder 12 that holds the blade or insert inside.

[0197] Preferably, as best shown in Figure 6A, the intermediate portion 106 extends parallel to the first direction DS1 and the second direction DS2. It will be understood that if the intermediate portion 106 is inclined in the forward direction DF or the rearward direction DR, it is very likely that the amount by which the holder 12 can be inserted into the turret or gang will be reduced (because the holder fastening portion 86 will further obstruct such insertion). Alternatively, the head portion 82 may need to be made more elongated to achieve the same cutting depth (because if the head portion 82 remains the same size, the holder fastening portion 86 will obstruct the workpiece).

[0198] In particular, as best shown in Figure 6D, the fastening portion 102 extends over the pocket-side contact surface 94.

[0199] For even greater security, the upper contact surface 104 of the fastening portion is inclined inward so as to face the downward direction DD and the second lateral direction DS2.

[0200] Similarly, the pocket bottom contact surface is inclined inward so as to face the upward direction DU and the second lateral direction DS2.

[0201] As best shown in Figure 6C, the pocket bottom contact surface 96 is elongated and, as shown in Figure 7C, completely supports the entire blade 14, for example.

[0202] The present invention generally pertains to tool assemblies 10 with elastic fastening bases, but particularly advantageous assembly designs and methods have been developed. These are considered entirely independent and advantageous inventions.

[0203] However, it is clearly more advantageous when combined with the aforementioned fastening base holder 12 shown in the illustration.

[0204] As best shown in Figure 6C, the holder 12 further comprises a holder guide hole 112 that opens into the pocket-side contact surface 94. In this example, the holder guide hole 112 is elongated in the forward direction DF and the rearward direction DR.

[0205] As best shown in Figure 6E, the holder guide hole 112 is a through hole opening into the side portion 78B of the second holder, allowing for assembly to or removal from the side portion 78B of the second holder. Similarly, the holder guide hole 112 is elongated on the side portion 78B of the second holder.

[0206] Referring to Figure 8D, it is shown that the holder guide hole 112 may have an advantageous narrow portion 114.

[0207] More specifically, the holder guide hole 112 may comprise a first hole portion 116 opening into the side portion 78A of the first holder, a second hole portion 118 opening into the side portion 78B of the second holder, and a central hole portion 120 located between the first hole portion 116 and the second hole portion 118.

[0208] The first hole portion 116 may comprise a first rear hole edge 122A and a first front hole edge 122B. The first rear hole edge 122A and the first front hole edge 122B taper (or, to put it another way, converge) as they approach the central hole portion 120.

[0209] The second hole portion 118 may comprise a second last hole edge 124A and a second frontmost hole edge 124B. The second last hole edge 124A and the second frontmost hole edge 124B taper (or, to put it another way, converge) as they approach the central hole portion 120.

[0210] Referring to Figures 7A to 7E, the tool assembly 10 is shown in its fully assembled state. Some notable features from the figures shown are that the tool assembly 10 is a compact form, and in the side views of Figures 7C and 7E, the holder guide hole 112 is not clearly visible as a circular opening.

[0211] More specifically, the foremost thrust hole portion 126 partially covers the holder guide hole 112. Therefore, when the thrust key 32 is inserted into the holder guide hole 112 (at an angle inclined in the first direction DS1 and the second direction DS2, as described in the explanation of Figure 9), the thrust key 32 contacts the foremost thrust hole portion 126, allowing the blade 14 to move forward from a fully assembled state to a partially assembled state. In the partially assembled state, the blade 14 is still resting on the pocket bottom contact surface 96, but is no longer fastened by the holder fastening portion 86.

[0212] Referring to Figures 8A to 8C, the tool assembly 10 is shown in a partially assembled state. In this position, the first secondary tapered edge 64A of the blade can contact the upper contact surface 104 of the fastening portion, but is not held in place by the upper contact surface 104 of the fastening portion. In other words, the holder fastening portion 86 is in a normally closed position that prevents the rearward movement of the blade 14.

[0213] In particular, in the side view of Figure 8B, the holder guide hole 112 is not clearly visible as a circular opening, but the rear thrust hole portion 128 partially covers the holder guide hole 112. Therefore, when the thrust key 32 is inserted into the holder guide hole 112 (at an angle inclined in the first direction DS1 and the second direction DS2), the thrust key 32 contacts the rear thrust hole portion 128, allowing the blade 14 to move in the rear direction DR from the semi-assembled state to the fully assembled state shown in Figures 7A to 7E.

[0214] Figures 8A and 8C are angled views showing the circular opening of the holder guide hole 112 (i.e., showing the insertion point of the propulsion key 32).

[0215] See also Figure 9, the propeller key 32 (at the position shown in 32A) is shown oriented parallel to the direction of the view indicated by "VC," where "VC" corresponds to the view in Figure 8C. Similarly, the propeller key 32 (at the position shown in 32C) is shown oriented parallel to the direction of the view indicated by "VA," where "VA" corresponds to the view in Figure 8A.

[0216] For the purpose of understanding only, the same propulsion key 32 is shown in first, second, third, and fourth key positions (32A, 32B, 32C, 32D) to illustrate in general terms how the exemplary blade 14 is brought between a partially assembled state and a fully assembled state.

[0217] To illustrate one exemplary form of the assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, in operation, in the first step, the exemplary blade 14 is placed on the holder pocket 92 in a semi-assembled state as shown in Figure 8C.

[0218] In the second step, first the thrust key 32 (referring to the first position 32A), and more precisely the second key end 34B, are first inserted into the holder guide hole 112 through the second side 78B of the holder, then exit the holder guide hole 112 through the first side 78A of the holder, and then extend through the thrust hole 76.

[0219] The illustrated embodiment of the thrust key 32 has a preferred but optional enlarged cross-section, which begins at a second frustoconical portion 42B, the second frustoconical portion 42B, which abuts against the holder 12 and prevents the thrust key 32 from being overinserted into the holder guide hole 112 (i.e., a stopper function).

[0220] In the first position 32A, the operating part 38 contacts the second last hole edge 124A of the second hole portion and the last thrust hole portion 128 of the blade.

[0221] The thrust key 32 remains inside the holder guide hole 112 and the thrust hole 76, but the handle 36 moves forward DF, orienting the thrust key 32 to the second position 32B (even though the thrust key 32 is still inside the holder guide hole 112 and the thrust hole 76). This pivots the actuation part 38 at the central hole portion 120, applies a rearward force FR on the last thrust hole portion 128, and slides the blade 14 in the rearward direction DR until the rearward movement is stopped by the rear contact surface 60 of the blade, which contacts the rear contact surface 98 of the pocket.

[0222] As can be schematically understood from Figure 8A, the maximum blade height BH of the blade 14 is greater than the minimum pocket height PM (Figure 6C), so the relative rearward movement of the blade 14 generates an upward force FL on the holder fastening portion 86.

[0223] After the blade 14 reaches the fully assembled position (for example, Figure 7C), the elastic holder fastening portion 86 applies the configured downward force FD onto the blade 14, holding the blade 14 within the holder pocket 92.

[0224] Therefore, the blade 14 is now fully assembled to the holder 12, as shown in Figure 7C.

[0225] To return the blade 14 to a partially assembled state, the third step may include a reverse movement to the first two steps. That is, the thrust key 32 is inserted into the holder guide hole 112 and thrust hole 76 in the orientation showing the second position 32B, and the handle 36 is moved rearward DR (now in contact with the foremost thrust hole portion 126 of the blade).

[0226] Next, we will briefly describe alternative options for performing the second step described above. Such a step may be performed by first inserting the thrust key 32, shown in the third position 32C, through the thrust hole 76, then inserting it into the holder guide hole 112 at the side 78A of the first holder, and then exiting it from the holder guide hole 112 through the side 78B of the second holder.

[0227] After the insertion, the operating part 38 comes into contact with the same part of the holder 12 described earlier, namely the second last hole edge 124A of the second hole portion and the last thrust hole portion 128 of the blade.

[0228] Next, as the handle 36 of the thrust key is adjacent to the first side 78A of the holder, the handle 36 now moves rearward DR, orienting the thrust key 32 to the fourth position 32D (even though the thrust key 32 is still inside the holder guide hole 112 and the thrust hole 76). This generates the same rearward force as described above.

[0229] Similarly, to return the blade 14 to a partially assembled state, first insert the thrust key 32 through the thrust hole 76 in the orientation shown in 32D, then pass it through the holder guide hole 112, and then move the handle 36 in the forward direction DF.

[0230] It will be understood that the blade 14 can be fully assembled by inserting the thrust key into one side of the holder 12, and the blade 14 can be partially assembled by inserting the thrust key 32 into the other side of the holder 12.

[0231] The example of the tool assembly 10 described above has several advantages, such as minimizing the risk of damaging the holder fastening portion 86 (because the operator does not directly move the holder fastening portion 86), and preventing the parts from falling out (because the propulsion key 32 remains inside the part between each state).

[0232] However, even smaller blades or cutting inserts that do not require height for the piercing hole can be used in the embodiments shown in Figures 10 to 11B.

[0233] Only significant differences are described in detail, and an apostrophe (') is used to indicate features with similar functions. Features that are not significantly different from previous embodiments can be assumed to be the same.

[0234] Referring to Figures 10A to 11B, a second Swiss-type tool assembly 10' is illustrated. The assembly 10' comprises a holder 12', a blade 14' mounted on the holder 12', and a cutting insert 16' mounted on the blade 14'.

[0235] The cutting insert 16' is of the same type as the cutting insert 16 described previously.

[0236] The exemplified propulsion key 32' (Figures 11A and 11B) is simply a cylindrical rod, but may have any of the features of the propulsion key 32 already described.

[0237] Blade 14' differs primarily in that its upper edge tapered portion 64' does not have two inclined secondary tapered edges, but simply extends parallel to the blade bottom edge 48, and that blade 14' does not have thrust holes. Apart from these two functional differences, blade 14' may have any of the features of blade 14 already described.

[0238] The holder 12' differs primarily in that it lacks a holder guide hole, and instead, the holder fastening portion 86' has a fastening hole 130'.

[0239] More precisely, the fastening hole 130' is formed within the fastening portion 102' of the holder fastening portion 86'. Furthermore, the fastening hole 130' faces a first lateral direction DS1' and a second lateral direction DS2' (Figure 10C; the directions shown are arbitrarily indicated as opposite directions to those in previous examples, since the holder pocket in the current example is on the opposite side of the holder 12'. However, those skilled in the art will understand that specific lateral directions are irrelevant to the present invention), allowing access to the propulsion key 32' from the sides, as shown in Figures 11A and 11B.

[0240] Furthermore, the intermediate portion 106' of the fastening part is provided with an upward lever projection 132' (the projection 132' is optional, but preferably convex as shown in the figure).

[0241] The lever projection 132' further comprises a guide recess 134' directed toward the fastening hole 130' (i.e., parallel to the first lateral direction DS1' and the second lateral direction DS2'), which can stabilize the propulsion key 32' when the guide recess 134' contacts the propulsion key 32'.

[0242] Referring particularly to Figures 11A and 11B, it is shown that the thrust key 32' can be inserted through the fastening hole 130' in both the first lateral direction DS1' and the second lateral direction DS2', utilizing the lever of the lever projection 132' or pivoting the lever projection 132' to move the first key end 34A' downward DD and apply force to the fastening portion 102' upward DU.

[0243] Subsequently, the blade 14' (or cutting insert) may be inserted into the holder pocket 92 and, in particular, positioned on the pocket bottom contact surface 96.

[0244] Subsequently, by removing the upward force, the fastening portion 102' then elastically moves downward, securing the blade 14' to the holder 12'.

Claims

1. It is a blade, The opposing sides of the first blade and the second blade, Opposing blade leading edge and blade trailing edge, Opposing upper and lower edges of the blade, A first blade seat opening at the leading edge of the blade, comprising a basic seat jaw and a second seat jaw, and configured to be elastically fastened, The maximum blade height BH measured from the bottom edge of the blade to the top edge of the blade, The maximum blade length BL is measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH, from the leading edge of the blade to the trailing edge of the blade, The system comprises a maximum blade thickness BT measured perpendicular to the maximum blade height BH, from the side of the first blade to the side of the second blade, The maximum blade thickness BT is smaller than the maximum blade height BH. The maximum blade length BL and the maximum blade height BH satisfy the condition: BL / BH > 1.

2. The upper edge of the blade is provided with a tapered portion at the upper edge. The bottom edge of the blade is provided with a tapered portion at the bottom edge. A blade having thrust holes opening on the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade.

2. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the first blade seat is a single blade seat of the blade.

3. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum blade length BL and the maximum blade height BH satisfy the condition: BL / BH < 2.

6.

4. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum blade length BL satisfies the condition: BL < 45 mm.

5. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum blade height BH satisfies the condition: BH < 45 mm.

6. The blade according to claim 5, wherein the maximum blade height BH satisfies the condition: BH < 25 mm.

7. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum blade thickness BT satisfies the condition: BT < 1.6 mm.

8. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the blade has a flat shape and does not have any protrusions extending laterally from the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade.

9. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the tapered portion of the upper edge tapers from both the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade.

10. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the tapered portion of the bottom edge tapers from both the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade.

11. The tapered upper edge portion tapers from at least one of the side portion of the first blade and the side portion of the second blade, and has a blade tapered upper edge length TTL measured parallel to the maximum blade length BL, The tapered bottom edge portion tapers from at least one of the side portion of the first blade and the side portion of the second blade, and has a blade tapered bottom edge length TBL that is measured parallel to the maximum blade length BL. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the length of the tapered upper edge of the blade, TTL, is shorter than the length of the tapered bottom edge of the blade, TBL.

12. The blade according to claim 11, wherein the length of the tapered upper edge of the blade TTL and the length of the tapered bottom edge of the blade TBL satisfy the condition: TTL / TBL < 0.

75.

13. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the blade comprises the thrust holes and at least one extraction hole opening to the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade, and the total number of thrust holes and extraction holes of the blade is greater than the total number of blade seats of the blade.

14. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the thrust hole is located closer to the bottom edge of the blade than the first blade seat.

15. The blade according to claim 1, wherein each blade seat of the blade has an extraction hole opening on the side of the first blade and the side of the second blade, and the thrust hole is larger than the extraction hole.

16. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum dimension PH of the piercing hole satisfies the condition: PH > 2 mm.

17. The blade according to claim 16, wherein the maximum dimension PH of the piercing hole satisfies the condition: PH < 5 mm.

18. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion hole has an elongated shape.

19. A tool assembly, The holder includes the blade described in claim 1 and a cutting insert attached to the blade, The tool assembly further comprises a holder pocket including a pocket-side contact surface, the blade being attached to the holder pocket, and the holder having a holder guide hole opening to the pocket-side contact surface and adjacent to the thrust hole.

20. The tool assembly according to claim 19, wherein the cutting insert is a single-cutting-edge solid cutting insert.

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