Circular storage area for quantum computing

Abstract

Quantum object confinement devices including data bus confinement corridors and cyclic storage areas, systems including such confinement devices, and corresponding methods are provided. Exemplary embodiment quantum object confinement devices include one or more data bus confinement corridors and one or more cyclic storage confinement corridors. Each data bus confinement corridor is defined at least in part by a respective passage sequence of control electrodes. The data bus confinement corridors are configured for transport of one or more quantum objects along the data bus confinement corridors. Each cyclic storage confinement corridor is defined at least in part by a respective cyclic sequence of control electrodes. Each cyclic storage confinement corridor is coupled to a respective data bus confinement corridor via one or more junctions such that one or more quantum objects may be transported from the cyclic storage confinement corridor to the respective data bus confinement corridor, or vice versa.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Cross-reference of related applications] This application claims priority and benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 466916, entitled "CYCLIC STORAGE AREAS FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING," filed on 16 May 2023; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 476226, entitled "JUNCTION CACHING FOR QUANTUM PROCESSING UNIT MEMORY HIERARCHY," filed on 20 December 2022; and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 521501, entitled "CYCLIC STORAGE AREAS FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING," filed on 28 November 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] Various embodiments relate to quantum object confinement devices and methods for routing and sorting quantum objects confined by quantum object confinement devices. For example, various embodiments relate to the use of a cyclic storage region coupled via a junction to the data bus confinement corridor of a quantum object confinement device for performing routing and / or sorting operations on quantum objects. [Background technology]

[0003] In some cases, a quantum object confinement device defines one or more one-dimensional confinement regions. Quantum objects confined by a quantum object confinement device may be transported along the confinement region. However, sorting the quantum objects can be time-consuming when the experiment being performed requires rearranging a chain of quantum objects within a one-dimensional confinement region. Through effort, ingenuity, and innovation, many of the drawbacks of such quantum object confinement devices and methods of use have been overcome by developing solutions constructed according to embodiments of the present invention, many of which are described in detail herein. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 379040 [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Exemplary embodiments provide a quantum object confinement device, a system including the quantum object confinement device, and a method for routing and sorting quantum objects confined by the quantum object confinement device. In various embodiments, the quantum object confinement device includes one or more confinement regions which are data bus confinement paths. Each data bus confinement path includes and / or is coupled to one or more quantum operation locations. In various embodiments, the system including the quantum object confinement device is configured to perform one or more respective quantum operations on one or more respective quantum objects at each of the quantum operation locations.

[0006] In various embodiments, the quantum object confinement device further includes one or more confinement regions, each of which is a circulating storage area. In various embodiments, the circulating storage areas are coupled to each data bus confinement path via junctions, so that quantum objects may be transported from the data bus confinement path to the circulating storage area and / or from the circulating storage area to the data bus confinement path.

[0007] For example, multiple quantum objects, including quantum objects on which quantum operations (quantum manipulations) are to be performed in the near future at a specific quantum operation location, may be stored in a circulating storage area. The quantum objects stored in the circulating storage area are transferred from the circulating storage area to a data bus confinement passage coupled to the circulating storage area, and then rotated collectively around the circulating storage area until they are in a position to be transferred along the data bus confinement passage to the specific quantum operation location.

[0008] According to one embodiment, a quantum object confinement device is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement device includes one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more cyclic storage bus confinement corridors. Each of the one or more data bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective corridor sequence of control electrodes. The one or more data bus confinement passages are configured for the transport of one or more quantum objects along the one or more data bus confinement passages. At least one of the data bus confinement passages is configured to provide access to one or more quantum operation locations configured for the execution of one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects at one or more quantum operation locations, or to define one or more quantum operation locations at least partially. Each of the one or more cyclic storage bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective cyclic sequence of control electrodes. Each of the one or more circular storage bus confinement passages is coupled to each of the one or more data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, so that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circular storage bus confinement passages, and from one or more circular storage bus confinement passages to one or more respective data bus confinement passages. The one or more circular storage bus confinement passages are configured for the storage of multiple quantum objects into one or more circular storage bus confinement passages, and for the simultaneous transport of multiple stored quantum objects along one or more circular storage bus confinement passages, for transporting one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of one or more desired junctions, in order to enable the transport of one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of one or more desired data bus confinement passages for transport to one of one or more quantum operation locations.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the same first analog signal is applied to each of the control electrodes in the circular sequence of control electrodes of each circular storage bus confinement path to cause simultaneous transfer of a plurality of stored quantum objects in a first direction along each circular storage bus confinement path.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the same second analog signal is applied to each of the control electrodes in the circular sequence of control electrodes of each circular storage bus confinement path to cause simultaneous transfer of a plurality of stored quantum objects in a second direction opposite to the first direction along each circular storage bus confinement path.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths include at least a first circular storage bus confinement path and a second circular storage bus confinement path. The first circular storage bus confinement path is coupled to a first end of each data bus confinement path, and the second circular storage bus confinement path is coupled to a second end of each data bus confinement path.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement apparatus further comprises a linear storage site configured for storage of quantum objects. The linear storage site is at least partially defined by a respective linear sequence of control electrodes. One of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths is coupled to a first end of the respective data bus confinement path, and the linear storage site is coupled to a second end of the respective data bus confinement path.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths each have a shape selected from the group consisting of circle, oval, ellipse, square, and rectangle.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement apparatus further includes at least two data bus confinement paths, and one of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths is coupled to the two data bus confinement paths via one junction.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement apparatus further includes at least two data bus confinement paths, and one of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths is coupled to each of the two data bus confinement paths via respective different junctions.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, a quantum object stored in at least one of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths is at a lower height relative to at least one of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths compared to the height of a quantum object transported along at least one of the one or more data bus confinement paths relative to at least one of the one or more data bus confinement paths.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement apparatus further includes one or more lasers that project a laser beam onto quantum objects in at least one of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths to cool the quantum objects in the at least one of the one or more circular storage bus confinement paths.

[0018] In another embodiment, a method for using a circulating storage bus confinement passage is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes the step of confining a plurality of quantum objects in a quantum object confinement device, wherein the quantum object confinement device includes one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages. Each of the one or more data bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective passage sequence of control electrodes. The one or more data bus confinement passages are configured for the transport of one or more quantum objects along the one or more data bus confinement passages. At least one of the data bus confinement passages is configured to provide access to one or more quantum operation locations configured for the execution of one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects at one or more quantum operation locations, or to define one or more quantum operation locations at least partially. Each of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective circulating sequence of control electrodes. Each of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is coupled to each of the one or more data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, so that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circulating storage bus confinement passages, and from one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages to one or more respective data bus confinement passages. The one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages are configured for the storage of multiple quantum objects into the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages, and for the simultaneous transport of multiple stored quantum objects along the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages, for transporting one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of the one or more data bus confinement passages, to one of the one or more junctions, in order to transport one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of the one or more data bus confinement passages, to one of the one or more quantum operation locations. The first data bus confinement passage of the one or more data bus confinement passages provides access to the first quantum operation location.A first circulating storage bus confinement passage of one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is coupled to a first data bus confinement passage via a first junction of one or more junctions. One or more quantum objects confined by the quantum object confinement device include a first quantum object. The method further includes the steps of transporting one or more quantum objects simultaneously along the first circulating storage bus confinement passage until the first quantum object reaches a first junction; transporting the first quantum object from the circulating storage bus confinement passage to a first data bus confinement passage via a first junction; transporting the first quantum object through the first data bus confinement passage to a first quantum operation location; and performing a quantum operation on at least the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the method is performed by a controller configured to control one or more components of a system including a quantum object confinement device.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the step of applying the same first analog signal to each of the control electrodes of the circulating sequence of control electrodes of each circulating storage bus confinement passage in order to cause a simultaneous transport of a plurality of stored quantum objects in a first direction along each circulating storage bus confinement passage.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the step of applying the same second analog signal to each of the control electrodes of the circulating sequence of the control electrodes of each circulating storage bus confinement passage in order to cause a simultaneous transport of a plurality of stored quantum objects in a second direction opposite to a first direction along each circulating storage bus confinement passage.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages of a quantum object confinement device include at least a first circulating storage bus confinement passage and a second circulating storage bus confinement passage. The first circulating storage bus confinement passage is coupled to a first end of each data bus confinement passage, and the second circulating storage bus confinement passage is coupled to a second end of each data bus confinement passage. The method further includes the step of performing a quantum operation on at least a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location, and then transporting the first quantum object to the second circulating storage bus confinement passage via the first data bus confinement passage.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement device further includes linear storage sites configured for storing quantum objects. The linear storage sites are defined at least partially by the respective linear sequences of control electrodes. One of one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is coupled to a first end of each data bus confinement passage, and the linear storage sites are coupled to a second end of each data bus confinement passage. The method further includes the step of performing a quantum operation on at least a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location, and then transferring the first quantum object to the linear storage site via a first data bus confinement passage.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more circulating storage bath containment passages each have a shape selected from the group consisting of circular, oval, elliptical, square, and rectangular.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, a second data bus confinement passage of one or more data bus confinement passages provides access to a second quantum operation location, a first circulating storage bus confinement passage is coupled to the second data bus confinement passage via a first junction, and one or more quantum objects further include the second quantum object. The method further includes the steps of transporting one or more quantum objects simultaneously along the first circulating storage bus confinement passage until the second quantum object reaches the first junction; transporting the second quantum object from the circulating storage bus confinement passage to the second data bus confinement passage via the first junction; transporting the second quantum object through the second data bus confinement passage to a second quantum operation location; and performing a quantum operation on at least the second quantum object at the second quantum operation location.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, a second data bus confinement passage of one or more data bus confinement passages provides access to a second quantum operation location, the first circulating storage bus confinement passage is coupled to the second data bus confinement passage via a second junction of one or more junctions, and one or more quantum objects further include the second quantum object. The method further includes the steps of transporting one or more quantum objects simultaneously along the first circulating storage bus confinement passage until the second quantum object reaches the second junction; transporting the second quantum object from the circulating storage bus confinement passage to the second data bus confinement passage via the second junction; transporting the second quantum object through the second data bus confinement passage to a second quantum operation location; and performing a quantum operation on at least the second quantum object at the second quantum operation location.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, a quantum object stored in at least one of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is at a lower height relative to at least one of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages compared to the height of a quantum object being transported along at least one of the one or more data bus confinement passages.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement apparatus further includes one or more lasers, and the method further includes the step of projecting a laser beam onto a quantum object in at least one of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages in order to cool the quantum object in at least one of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages.

[0029] In another embodiment, a controller is provided. The controller includes a classical processing device and classical memory. The controller is configured to use the classical processing device to execute executable instructions stored in classical memory in order to cause the controller to control one or more components of a system including a quantum object confinement device to confine a plurality of quantum objects in the quantum object confinement device. The quantum object confinement device includes one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more cyclic storage bus confinement passages. Each of the one or more data bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective passage sequence of control electrodes. The one or more data bus confinement passages are configured for the transport of one or more quantum objects along the one or more data bus confinement passages. At least one of the data bus confinement passages is configured to provide access to, or at least partially define, one or more quantum operation locations configured for the execution of one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects at one or more quantum operation locations. Each of the one or more cyclic storage bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective cyclic sequence of control electrodes. Each of the one or more circular storage bus confinement passages is coupled to each of the one or more data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, so that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circular storage bus confinement passages, and from one or more circular storage bus confinement passages to one or more respective data bus confinement passages. The one or more circular storage bus confinement passages are configured for the storage of multiple quantum objects into one or more circular storage bus confinement passages, and for the simultaneous transport of multiple stored quantum objects along one or more circular storage bus confinement passages, for transporting one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of one or more desired junctions, in order to enable the transport of one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of one or more desired data bus confinement passages for transport to one of one or more quantum operation locations.

[0030] The controller is configured to execute executable instructions stored in classical memory using classical processing devices in order to confine multiple quantum objects in a quantum object confinement device. A first data bus confinement path of one or more data bus confinement paths provides access to a first quantum operation location. A first circulating storage bus confinement path of one or more circulating storage bus confinement paths is coupled to a first data bus confinement path via a first junction of one or more junctions. One or more quantum objects confined by the quantum object confinement device include a first quantum object. The controller is further configured to transport one or more quantum objects simultaneously along the first circulating storage bus confinement path until the first quantum object reaches a first junction, to transport the first quantum object from the circulating storage bus confinement path to the first data bus confinement path via the first junction, to transport the first quantum object through the first data bus confinement path to a first quantum operation location, and to execute executable instructions stored in classical memory using classical processing devices in order to perform quantum operations on at least the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location.

[0031] In yet another embodiment, a system is provided. The system includes a quantum object confinement device, one or more voltage sources, and a controller configured to control the operation of one or more voltage sources. The quantum object confinement device includes one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more cyclic storage bus confinement passages. Each of the one or more data bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective passage sequence of control electrodes. The one or more data bus confinement passages are configured for the transport of one or more quantum objects along the one or more data bus confinement passages. At least one of the data bus confinement passages is configured to provide access to one or more quantum operation locations configured for the execution of one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects at one or more quantum operation locations, or to define one or more quantum operation locations at least partially. Each of the one or more cyclic storage bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by the respective cyclic sequence of control electrodes. Each of the one or more circular storage bus confinement passages is coupled to each of the one or more data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, so that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circular storage bus confinement passages, and from one or more circular storage bus confinement passages to one or more respective data bus confinement passages. The one or more circular storage bus confinement passages are configured for the storage of multiple quantum objects into one or more circular storage bus confinement passages, and for the simultaneous transport of multiple stored quantum objects along one or more circular storage bus confinement passages, for transporting one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of one or more desired junctions, in order to enable the transport of one of multiple stored quantum objects to one of one or more desired data bus confinement passages for transport to one of one or more quantum operation locations.

[0032] One or more voltage sources are configured to provide their respective voltage signals to each control electrode in each path sequence of the control electrodes and each circulating sequence of the control electrodes. A controller is configured to control the operation of one or more voltage sources to confine multiple quantum objects in the quantum object confinement device. One or more data bus confinement paths provide access to a first quantum operation position. One or more circulating storage bus confinement paths are coupled to a first data bus confinement path via a first junction of one or more junctions. One or more quantum objects confined by the quantum object confinement device include a first quantum object. The controller is further configured to control the operation of one or more voltage sources to cause the system to transport one or more quantum objects simultaneously along a first circulating storage bus confinement passage until the first quantum object reaches a first junction, to transport the first quantum object from the circulating storage bus confinement passage through the first junction to a first data bus confinement passage, to transport the first quantum object through the first data bus confinement passage to a first quantum operation location, and to perform quantum operations on at least the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location.

[0033] Having given a general overview of the present invention, the following references will be made to the attached drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to the correct scale. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0034] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram of an exemplary system including a quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a top view of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8] This flowchart illustrates various processes and / or procedures of routing operations according to an exemplary embodiment, which are performed by a controller of a system including a quantum object confinement device that includes one or more cache confinement sites. [Figure 9] This flowchart illustrates various processes and / or procedures of a sorting operation according to an exemplary embodiment, which are performed by a controller of a system including a quantum object confinement device that includes one or more sorting confinement sites. [Figure 9A] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution of a sorting operation using a sort confinement site according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9B] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution of a sorting operation using a sort confinement site according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9C] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution of a sorting operation using a sort confinement site according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9D] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution of a sorting operation using a sort confinement site according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary controller for a system comprising a quantum object confinement device configured to confine a quantum object within itself, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary computing entity of a system comprising a quantum object confinement device that may be used in exemplary embodiments. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 13] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 14] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 15] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 16] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 17] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 18] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 19] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 20] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 21] This is a simplified side view of an exemplary atomic object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 22] This flowchart illustrates various processes and / or procedures of routing operations according to an exemplary embodiment, which are performed by a controller of a system including a quantum object confinement device that includes one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages. [Figure 23] This is a top view of at least a portion of an exemplary quantum object confinement device according to an exemplary embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0035] The present invention will be more fully described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments that are part of but not all of the present invention. Indeed, the present invention may be carried out in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein, but rather these embodiments are provided to satisfy any legal requirements that this disclosure may be subject to. The term “or” (also written as “ / ”) is used herein in both disjunctive and conjunctive senses unless otherwise indicated. The terms “explanatory” and “exemplary” are used to mean examples and do not indicate a level of quality. The terms “generally” and “about” mean, unless otherwise indicated, within applicable engineering and / or manufacturing tolerances, and / or within the user’s measurement capabilities. Throughout, similar numbers refer to similar elements.

[0036] In various scenarios, quantum objects are confined by quantum object confinement devices (also referred to herein as confinement devices). In various embodiments, quantum objects include ions, atoms, ionic molecules, molecular molecules, and / or multipolar molecules, quantum dots, quantum particles, groups thereof, crystals, and / or combinations thereof (e.g., an ionic crystal containing two or more ions). In exemplary embodiments where the quantum object is an ion and / or an ionic crystal, the confinement device is an ion trap, such as a surface ion trap or a Paul ion trap. In various other embodiments, the confinement device is a device configured to confine a quantum object and includes and / or defines one or more data bus corridors and one or more cache confinement sites, each coupled to its respective data bus corridor.

[0037] In various embodiments, quantum objects confined by a confinement device are used to perform experiments, controlled quantum state evolution, quantum computing, and the like. In various embodiments, quantum objects are transported between various locations defined at least partially by the confinement device and / or the system including the confinement device. For example, a quantum object may be transported in and out of one or more quantum operation locations along one or more data bus confinement paths. In various embodiments, a quantum object may be transported in and out of one or more storage sites. Transporting a quantum object between a storage site and a quantum operation location can take a considerable amount of time (e.g., significantly more time than performing quantum operations on the quantum object, and / or a non-negligible proportion of the quantum state coherence time of the quantum object). Transporting a quantum object may also cause undesirable heating of the quantum object.

[0038] Furthermore, when multiple quantum objects are confined by a confinement device, rearranging the quantum objects within a one-dimensional confinement region (e.g., a data bus confinement corridor, storage confinement corridor, etc.) may require a large number of sorting and / or rearranging operations. These sorting and / or rearranging operations are also time-consuming and may lead to further undesirable heating of the quantum objects. Thus, there are technical problems regarding the efficient routing and sorting of quantum objects confined by quantum object confinement devices.

[0039] Embodiments of this disclosure provide technical solutions to these technical problems. Various embodiments provide a confinement device and / or a system comprising a confinement device comprising one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more cache confinement sites and / or sort confinement sites. Each of the one or more data bus confinement passages comprises one or more quantum objects to be transported into and / or out of one or more quantum operation locations, and / or enables the transport of one or more quantum objects into and / or out of one or more quantum operation locations. Each of the cache confinement sites is coupled to each data bus confinement passage so that quantum objects may be transported from each data bus confinement passage to the cache confinement site and / or from the cache confinement site to the data bus confinement passage. The cache confinement sites enable the quantum objects to be stored close to the quantum operation locations so that the quantum objects may be transported between the quantum operation locations and the cache confinement sites (or vice versa) faster and with reduced heating (compared to transport operations over longer distances). Thus, various embodiments provide improvements to the field of confinement devices and methods relating to and / or involving transport quantum objects confined by a confinement device.

[0040] [An exemplary system including a quantum object confinement device] Various embodiments provide a system 100 including a quantum object confinement device 200, as shown in Figure 1. The quantum object confinement device 200 is configured to confine a plurality of quantum objects such that each quantum state of the quantum objects may be manipulated or evolved in a controlled manner (for example, according to a quantum circuit).

[0041] For example, quantum operations (such as 1-qubit quantum logic gates, 2-qubit quantum logic gates, initialization, and read / detect operations) may be performed on quantum objects located within quantum operation locations defined by the confinement device 200 and / or the system 100 including the confinement device. For example, the confinement device 200 is configured to maintain one or more quantum objects at the quantum operation locations so that quantum operations may be performed on one or more quantum objects. In various embodiments, the system 100 including the confinement device 200 includes one or more manipulation sources 64 (e.g., 64A, 64B, 64C) configured to provide manipulation signals (e.g., laser beams and / or pulses, microwave signals, etc.) so that they interact with one or more quantum objects located at the quantum operation locations. In various embodiments, the system 100 including the confinement device 200 includes one or more magnetic field generators 70 (e.g., 70A, 70B) configured to provide controlled magnetic fields and / or magnetic field gradients at the quantum operation locations for use when performing one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects located at the quantum operation locations. In various embodiments, the system 100, which includes a confinement device 200, includes an optical collection system configured to collect and / or detect light and / or photons emitted by one or more quantum objects positioned at quantum computation locations.

[0042] In exemplary embodiments, the system 100, including the confinement device 200, is a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) based quantum computer and / or includes a QCCD-based quantum computer. For example, one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device 200 may be used as qubits in the quantum computer.

[0043] In various embodiments, system 100 includes a computing entity 10 and a quantum computer 110. In various embodiments, the quantum computer 110 includes a controller 30 and a quantum processor 115. In various embodiments, the quantum processor 115 includes a cryostat and / or vacuum chamber 40 surrounding a confinement device 200, one or more operating sources 64 (e.g., 64A, 64B, 64C), one or more voltage sources 50, one or more magnetic field generators 70 (e.g., 70A, 70B), an optical collection system 80, and the like. In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to control the operation of the operating sources 64, voltage sources 50, magnetic field generators 70, vacuum system and / or cryogenic cooling system (not shown), etc. (e.g., to control one or more drivers configured to cause the operation). In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to receive signals (e.g., electrical signals) generated and provided by the optical collection system 80.

[0044] In exemplary embodiments, one or more manipulators 64 may include one or more lasers (e.g., optical lasers, microwave sources and / or masers) or other manipulators. In various embodiments, one or more manipulators 64 are configured to manipulate and / or induce the development of controlled quantum states of one or more quantum objects within the confinement device 200. For example, a first manipulator 64A is configured to generate and / or provide a first manipulator signal, a second manipulator 64B is configured to generate and / or provide a second manipulator signal, and the first and second manipulator signals are configured to perform one or more quantum operations (e.g., a one-qubit gate, a two-qubit gate, cooling, initialization, read / detect) on a quantum object confined by the confinement device.

[0045] In exemplary embodiments, one or more operating sources 64 each provide operating signals (e.g., laser beams) to one or more regions of the atomic object confinement device 200 via corresponding beam paths 66 (e.g., 66A, 66B, 66C). In various embodiments, at least one beam path 66 includes a modulator configured to modulate the operating signals provided to the confinement device 200 via the beam path 66. In various embodiments, the operating sources 64, modulators, and / or other components of the quantum computer 110 are controlled by a controller 30.

[0046] In various embodiments, the confinement device 200 is an ion trap such as a surface ion trap or a Paul ion trap. In various embodiments, the quantum object is an ion, an atom, an ionic crystal and / or group, an atomic crystal and / or group, an ionic molecule, a molecular molecule, and / or a multipolar molecule, a quantum dot, a quantum particle, a group thereof, a crystal, and / or a combination (e.g., an ionic crystal). In various embodiments, the confinement device 200 is a suitable confinement device for confining the quantum object of the embodiment.

[0047] In various embodiments, the quantum computer 110 includes one or more voltage sources 50. For example, the voltage sources may be arbitrary wave generators (AWGs) and / or other voltage signal generators. For example, the voltage sources 50 may include a plurality of longitudinal voltage drivers and / or longitudinal voltage sources, and / or at least one RF driver and / or RF voltage source. In exemplary embodiments, the voltage sources 50 may be electrically coupled to corresponding potential generating elements (e.g., control electrodes and / or RF electrodes) of the confinement device 200.

[0048] In various embodiments, the quantum computer 110 includes one or more magnetic field generators 70 (e.g., 70A, 70B). For example, the magnetic field generators may be an internal magnetic field generator 70A located inside the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, and / or an external magnetic field generator 70B located outside the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40. In various embodiments, the magnetic field generators 70 include permanent magnets, Helmholtz coils, electromagnets, and the like. In various embodiments, the magnetic field generators 70 are configured to generate a magnetic field and / or magnetic field gradient having a specific magnitude and a specific magnetic field direction in one or more regions of the confinement device 200.

[0049] In various embodiments, the quantum computer 110 includes an optical collection system 80 configured to collect and / or detect photons (e.g., stimulated emission) generated by quantum objects positioned at each quantum operation location (e.g., during read / detect operations). The optical collection system 80 may include one or more optical elements (e.g., lenses, mirrors, waveguides, optical fiber cables, etc.) and one or more photodetectors. In various embodiments, the photodetectors may be photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors, and / or other photodetectors that are highly sensitive to light of the expected fluorescence wavelength of the quantum objects. In various embodiments, the detectors may communicate electronically with the controller 30 via one or more analog-to-digital converters 1025 (see Figure 10), etc.

[0050] In various embodiments, the computing entity 10 is configured to allow a user to provide input to the quantum computer 110 (for example, through the user interface of the computing entity 10), and to receive, view, and so on, outputs from the quantum computer 110. The computing entity 10 may communicate with the controller 30 of the quantum computer 110 via one or more wired or wireless networks 20, and / or via direct wired and / or wireless communication. In exemplary embodiments, the computing entity 10 may translate, configure, or format information / data, quantum computing algorithms (e.g., quantum circuits), etc., into a computing language, executable instructions, command set, etc., that the controller 30 can understand, execute, and / or implement.

[0051] In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to control a voltage source 50, a magnetic field generator 70, a cryogenic system and / or vacuum system for controlling the temperature and / or pressure within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, an operating source 64, and / or other systems for controlling various environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.) within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, all configured to manipulate and / or induce controlled evolution of the quantum states of one or more quantum objects within the confinement device, and / or read and / or detect the quantum (e.g., qubit) states of one or more quantum objects within the confinement device. For example, the controller 30 may induce controlled evolution of the quantum states of one or more quantum objects within the confinement device in order to execute a quantum circuit and / or algorithm. For example, the controller 30 may read and / or detect the quantum states of one or more quantum objects within the confinement device at one or more points in time during the execution of a quantum circuit. In various embodiments, the quantum objects confined by the confinement device are used as qubits in a quantum computer 110.

[0052] [Example atomic object confinement device] Figure 2 provides a top view of at least a portion of an exemplary confinement device 200 that may be used to confine one or more quantum objects. For example, in the shown embodiment, the confinement device is an ion trap (e.g., a surface ion trap), and the quantum objects are ions and / or ionic crystals. In the exemplary embodiment, the confinement device 200 (e.g., a surface ion trap) is manufactured as part of an ion trap chip and / or as part of the ion trap device and / or package. In the exemplary embodiment, the confinement device 200 is at least partially defined by several RF electrodes 212, 222 (e.g., 212A, 212B, 222A, 222B). In various embodiments, the confinement device 200 is at least partially defined by several sequences of control electrodes 214, 224 (e.g., 214A, 214B, 214C, 224A, 224B, 224C). Each sequence of longitudinal electrodes 214, 224 includes a plurality of longitudinal electrodes 216. In exemplary embodiments, a sequence of control electrodes 214, 224 and / or at least a non-empty subset of longitudinal electrodes 216 may be operated independently by the application of control signals to them. In exemplary embodiments, at least a portion of the control electrodes 216 are operated by the application of a broadcast control signal. In exemplary embodiments, the confinement device 200 is a surface Paul trap using symmetric RF electrodes 212, 222. In various embodiments, the RF electrodes 212, 222 and the control electrodes 216 generate potentials and / or fields experienced by quantum objects within each confinement region of the confinement device 200. In particular, the RF electrodes 212, 222 may be configured to define each confinement region of the confinement device 200, and the control electrodes 216 may be configured to at least partially control the movement and / or motion of quantum objects within each confinement region.

[0053] In various embodiments, each confinement region includes one or more data bus confinement passages 210. In exemplary embodiments, the data bus confinement passages 210 are at least partially defined by one or more passage sequences of one or more bus RF electrodes 212 (e.g., 212A, 212B) and / or control electrodes 214 (e.g., 214A, 214B, 214C). In various embodiments, the data bus confinement region 210 includes and / or provides access to one or more quantum operation locations 218 (e.g., 218A, 218B). In various embodiments, the passage sequences of one or more bus RF electrodes 212 and / or control electrodes 214 define a bus axis 215.

[0054] In various embodiments, each confinement region includes one or more cache confinement sites 220 (e.g., 220A, 220B). In exemplary embodiments, the cache confinement sites 220 are at least partially defined by one or more cache site RF electrodes 222 (e.g., 222A, 222B) and / or control electrodes 224 (e.g., 224A, 224B, 224C). In various embodiments, the cache site sequences of the cache site RF electrodes 222 and / or control electrodes 224 define a site axis 225.

[0055] In various embodiments, the site axis 225 traverses the bus axis 215. In various embodiments, the cache confinement site 220 is coupled to the data bus confinement passage 210 so that one or more quantum objects can be transported from the data bus confinement passage 210 to the cache confinement site 220 and / or from the cache confinement site 220 to the data bus confinement passage 210. For example, in exemplary embodiments, the data bus confinement passage 210 and the cache confinement site 220 are coupled to each other via a junction 230.

[0056] In exemplary embodiments, the cache site sequence of the control electrode 224 is configured to form at most one potential well. In exemplary embodiments, the cache site sequence of the control electrode 224 is configured to form one or more potential wells. In exemplary embodiments, the cache confinement site has a single inlet / outlet. For example, a quantum object can only enter or exit the cache confinement site 220 via the junction 230. In various embodiments, each cache site sequence of the control electrode 224 includes fewer control electrodes 216 than the passage sequence of the control electrode 214. In various embodiments, the cache confinement site 220 is positioned such that a quantum object may be moved from the cache confinement site 220 to at least one quantum operation position 218 (and / or from at least one quantum operation position 218 to the cache confinement site 220) in less time than it would take to transfer the quantum object between at least one quantum operation position 218 and the storage area of ​​the confinement device.

[0057] As shown in Figures 3 to 7, in various embodiments, the confinement device includes storage areas (e.g., 330A, 330B, 430A, 430B, 430C, 530A, 530B, 630, 730). The storage areas are used to store quantum objects such that their quantum states are maintained while quantum operations are performed on other quantum objects. For example, the storage areas may be farther from the quantum operation locations so that the quantum states of quantum objects placed within the storage areas are less likely to be perturbed as a result of quantum operations being performed on other quantum objects at the quantum operation locations. For example, the storage areas and cache confinement sites may form a memory hierarchy, where quantum objects placed in the cache confinement sites are more easily retrieved on faster timescales than quantum objects placed within the storage areas.

[0058] For example, cache transfer time t cis the time required to transfer a quantum object from a cache confinement site to a quantum operation location, or vice versa. Storage transfer time t s is the time required to transfer a quantum object from a storage area to a quantum operation location, or vice versa. In various embodiments, storage transfer time t s is the average time required to transfer a quantum object from a storage area, which may comprise a storage bus confinement corridor rather than being a single site, to a quantum operation location.

[0059] In various embodiments, the cache transfer time is at most a predetermined ratio x of the storage transfer time (e.g., t c ≦xt s , where 0<x<1). In various embodiments, the predetermined ratio x is 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, etc. For example, with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the predetermined ratio x is 0.6. For example, with respect to cache confinement site 320C and quantum operation location 318A, t c ≦0.2t s . With respect to cache confinement site 320A and quantum operation location 318A, t c ≦0.5t s . With respect to cache confinement site 320I and quantum operation location 318G, t c ≦0.1t s . Thus, for the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, t c ≦0.6t s .

[0060] In various embodiments, transporting and / or maintaining quantum objects within a storage area involves the use of one or more broadcast voltage signals to control the potential within the storage area. For example, a path sequence of control electrodes 214 is configured to be operated to cause parallel transport operations to be performed at multiple locations within the storage area (e.g., by applying voltage signals to the path sequences of those control electrodes 214). For example, a broadcast voltage signal is a voltage signal applied to multiple control electrodes 216 corresponding to two or more sequences of control electrodes 214. For example, a broadcast voltage signal may be applied to a particular control electrode 216 to the right of the junction 230 in Figure 2 and to another control electrode 216 to the left of the junction 230 (possibly at the same relative position on the bus). These parallel transport operations enable the sorting of quantum objects within the storage area.

[0061] The potential of the cache confinement sites is controlled independently of the potential of the storage areas. For example, the cache site sequence of the control electrodes 224 is configured to apply a voltage signal to the cache site sequence of those control electrodes 224 that is independent of the voltage signal applied to the control electrode's passage sequence or the control electrode sequence of the storage areas. For example, the cache confinement sites are configured not to participate in bulk sorting operations of the storage areas performed by parallel transport operations. This allows quantum objects at the cache confinement sites to be held close to the quantum operation sites while quantum objects in the storage areas are rearranged by parallel transport operations. In this way, a hierarchy of storage locations for quantum objects exists, and quantum objects placed at the cache confinement sites are sorted independently of quantum objects placed in the storage areas and / or within the data bus confinement passages.

[0062] In various embodiments, the upper surface of the confinement device 200 has a planar topology. For example, the upper surfaces of several RF electrodes 212, 222 and the upper surfaces of several sequences of longitudinal electrodes 216 of control electrodes 214, 224 may be substantially coplanar.

[0063] In some embodiments, each of the longitudinal electrodes 216 of several sequences of longitudinal electrodes 214 may be formed to have a substantially coplanar upper surface that is substantially coplanar with the upper surface of the RF electrode 212.

[0064] In various embodiments, RF signals may be applied to RF electrodes 212, 222 to generate electric and / or magnetic fields that act to maintain one or more quantum objects (e.g., ions) confined by the confinement device 200 in a direction laterally to the respective bus axis 215, site axis 225 of the confinement region. In various embodiments, control signals and / or voltages are applied to longitudinal electrodes 216 to generate a desired potential field within each confinement region. For example, in various embodiments, a time-dependent, time-varying, time-evolving, and / or nonstatic DC voltage may be applied to control electrode 216 to generate a time-dependent, time-varying, time-evolving, and / or nonstatic potential field that causes the quantum objects confined by the confinement device 200 to traverse corresponding trajectories into each confinement region. For example, quantum objects may be moved between different zones of the confinement device 200 and / or stored for later use so that various functions may be performed on those quantum objects (e.g., within quantum operation positions 218).

[0065] In various embodiments, the control signal and / or voltage applied to the longitudinal electrode 216 is controlled by one or more connected devices via lead wires (e.g., a controller 30 shown in Figure 10, etc.). For example, depending on the intensity (e.g., charge in the case of an electric monopole) of an electric monopole and / or dipole (or larger pole) of a quantum object, the control voltage may be increased or decreased with respect to the control electrode 216 in the vicinity of a particular quantum object to cause that particular quantum object to traverse a desired trajectory. For example, the controller 30 may control a voltage driver (e.g., a voltage source 50) to apply the control signal and / or longitudinal voltage to the control electrode in order to generate a time-dependent potential (e.g., a potential that evolves, changes, and / or changes over time) that causes a quantum object in the confinement device 200 to traverse a desired trajectory.

[0066] Depending on factors such as the intensity of the electric monopoles and / or dipoles (or larger poles) of the quantum object (e.g., the charge in the case of electric monopoles), and / or the shape and / or magnitude of the combined electric and / or magnetic fields, the quantum object may be stabilized at a specific distance (e.g., from about 20 μm to about 200 μm) above the upper surface of the confinement device 200 (e.g., the upper surface of the sequence of control electrodes 214, 224 and the RF electrodes 212, 222 on the same surface). To further contribute to controlling the transport of the atomic object along a desired trajectory, in various embodiments, the confinement device 200 may be operated in a cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber capable of cooling the confinement device 200 to a temperature of less than 124 Kelvin (e.g., less than 100 Kelvin, less than 50 Kelvin, less than 10 Kelvin, less than 5 Kelvin, etc.).

[0067] In various embodiments, the confinement potential generated by the sequence of RF electrodes 212, 222, electrodes 214, 224, and / or the sequence of RF electrodes and / or electrodes defines the confinement regions 210, 220 of the confinement device 200. In an exemplary embodiment, the confinement potential generated by the bus RF electrode 212 and / or the corridor RF electrode 212 defines the data bus confinement passage 210 of the confinement device 200, and the longitudinal electrode 216 of the passage sequence of the control electrode 214 controls the movement and / or positioning of quantum objects within the data bus confinement passage. In an exemplary embodiment, the confinement potential generated by the cache site RF electrode 222 and / or the cache site RF electrode 222 defines the cache confinement site 220 of the confinement device 200, and the longitudinal electrode 216 of the cache site sequence of the control electrode 214 controls the movement and / or positioning of quantum objects within the cache confinement site.

[0068] Figure 2 shows the quantum object confinement device 200 as a surface ion trap, but in various embodiments, the quantum object confinement device is a 3D ion trap or other quantum object confinement device. In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement device is a 3D wafer trap configured to confine quantum objects such as ions. In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum object confinement device is a 3D trap in which the confinement corridor (e.g., a data bus confinement corridor and / or a storage bus confinement corridor) is on a plane (or a set of (substantially) parallel planes) and the confinement sites (e.g., a cache confinement site and / or a sort confinement site) are located off-plane (or off-plane from each plane in the set of (substantially) parallel planes). For example, a quantum object may be moved from the confinement corridor to a confinement site by moving the quantum object in a vertical direction (e.g., a direction perpendicular / perpendicular to each plane in the plane or the set of (substantially) parallel planes).

[0069] In various embodiments, the cache confinement site is configured to store quantum objects with high fidelity for a considerable period of time (e.g., up to the coherence time of the quantum state of the quantum object, or possibly longer). For example, in various embodiments, the cache confinement site is positioned within the confinement device such that stray fields (e.g., reflected and / or diffracted operational signals, photons emitted by other quantum objects confined by the confinement device, etc.) are unlikely to interact with the quantum object placed at the cache confinement site. In another example, traces, vias, etc., formed on the chip on which the confinement device is formed do not pass under and / or come within a minimum distance of each cache confinement site. For example, the subsurface routing of various signals is configured and / or designed to reduce the likelihood of stray fields at the cache confinement site. In exemplary embodiments, the magnetic field at the cache confinement site is controlled to have a specific amplitude and / or direction. For example, the confinement device is configured to reduce and / or minimize perturbations experienced by the quantum object placed at the cache confinement site.

[0070] Figures 3 to 7 provide schematic diagrams of at least some of the various confinement devices 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700. Each of the confinement devices 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 includes one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more cache confinement sites. One or more data bus confinement passages include one or more quantum operation locations and / or provide access to one or more quantum operation locations. In various embodiments, the confinement devices 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 include one or more storage areas. In various embodiments, the storage areas do not include quantum operation locations and / or do not provide access to quantum operation locations. For example, quantum operation locations are not directly accessible from the storage area. For example, quantum objects must be transported along at least some of the data bus confinement passages to access quantum operation locations from the storage area. In various embodiments, each of the storage areas includes one or more storage bus confinement passages and / or sort confinement sites. In various embodiments, the electrode layout of the storage bus confinement passage is similar to the electrode layout of the data bus confinement passage, and / or the electrode layout of the sort confinement site is similar to the electrode layout of the cache confinement site.

[0071] For example, Figure 3 shows an exemplary containment device 300. The containment device 300 includes a first data bus containment passage 310A and a second data bus containment passage 310B. Each of the first data bus containment passage 310A and the second data bus containment passage 310B extends from a first storage area 330A to a second storage area 330B. In the shown embodiment, the first storage area 330A includes a storage bus containment passage 332 connecting the first end of the first data bus containment passage 310A to the first end of the second data bus containment passage 310B. Similarly, the second storage area 330B includes a storage containment passage connecting the second end of the first data bus containment passage 310A to the second end of the second data bus containment passage 310B.

[0072] Multiple quantum operation locations 318 (for example, 318A, 318G, 318N, represented by unfilled circles) are arranged along the respective data bus confinement paths of the first data bus confinement path 310A and the second data bus confinement path 310B. Each of the quantum operation locations 318 is configured to perform one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects located at that quantum operation location 318.

[0073] The containment device 300 further includes a plurality of cache containment sites 320 (for example, cache containment sites 320A to 320J represented by filled circles). In various embodiments, the cache containment sites 320 are coupled to the data bus containment passages 310 via junctions. For example, the cache containment sites 320 are “dead-end” containment areas coupled to their respective data bus containment passages 310 via junctions. In various embodiments, the junctions are the locations where two or more containment areas intersect. In various embodiments, at least one of the two or more containment areas is not parallel or anti-parallel to at least one other containment area of ​​the two or more containment areas that intersect at the junction.

[0074] Each of the cache confinement sites 320 is located near at least one of the quantum operation locations 318. For example, the distance between a cache confinement site 320 and at least one quantum operation location 318 is shorter than the distance between at least one storage area 330 and at least one quantum operation location 318. For example, the storage area 330 and the cache confinement sites 320 form a memory hierarchy, and quantum objects placed in the cache confinement sites 320 can be retrieved (for example, transferred to a quantum operation location 318) on a faster timescale than quantum objects placed in the storage area 330. Similarly, quantum objects can be transferred from a quantum operation location 318 to a cache confinement site 320 on a faster timescale than it takes to transfer a quantum object from a quantum operation location 318 to a storage area 330.

[0075] For example, cache transfer time t c is the time required to transfer a quantum object from cache confinement site 320 to quantum operation location 318, or vice versa. Storage transfer time t s is the time required to transfer a quantum object from storage area 330 to quantum operation location 318, or vice versa. In various embodiments, storage transfer time t s is the average time required to transfer a quantum object from storage area 330, which is not a single site but may comprise a storage bus confinement path 332, to quantum operation location 318. In various embodiments, the cache transfer time is at most a defined ratio x of the storage transfer time, for example, less than or equal thereto (e.g., t c ≦xt s , where 0<x<1). In various embodiments, the defined ratio x is 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, or the like. For example, with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the defined ratio x is 0.6. For example, with respect to cache confinement site 320C and quantum operation location 318A, t c ≦0.2t s . With respect to cache confinement site 320A and quantum operation location 318A, t c ≦0.5t s . With respect to cache confinement site 320I and quantum operation location 318G, t c ≦0.1t s .

[0076] Furthermore, the cache confinement sites 320 are configured to be controlled independently of the storage area 330 and the data bus confinement passage 310. For example, the potential of each cache confinement site 320 is controlled independently of the potential of the storage area 330 and / or the data bus confinement passage 310. This allows the quantum objects in each cache confinement site 320 to be held near the quantum operation positions 318 while quantum objects in the storage area 330 and / or the data bus confinement passage are rearranged (e.g., by parallel transport operations). In various embodiments, independent control of the potential and / or transport operations performed at (and / or in or out of) the cache confinement sites 320 allows for the timely transport of quantum objects stored in the storage area 330 to the quantum operation positions 318. In this way, a hierarchy of storage positions for quantum objects exists, and quantum objects placed at the cache confinement sites are sorted independently of quantum objects placed in the storage area and / or the data bus confinement passage.

[0077] For example, the confinement device 300 is an elliptical or annular confinement device. For example, the confinement device 300 is called a circulating type because a quantum object can be continuously circulated and / or transported around the confinement device 300 (if so desired).

[0078] Figure 4 shows another exemplary confinement device 400. The confinement device 400 includes a first data bus confinement passage 410A and a second data bus confinement passage 410B. Each of the first data bus confinement passage 410A and the second data bus confinement passage 410B extends from a circulating storage area 430C to the first storage area 430A and the second storage area 430B (represented by filled squares). In various embodiments, the circulating storage area 430C includes a storage bus confinement passage 432 that allows quantum objects to circulate and / or be transported cyclically and / or continuously through it (if so desired).

[0079] The first data bus confinement passage 410A and the second data bus confinement passage 410B are coupled to the circulating storage area 430C so that quantum objects may be transported between the first data bus confinement passage and the circulating storage area 430C (or vice versa), and between the second data bus confinement passage and the circulating storage area 430C (or vice versa). In an exemplary embodiment, quantum objects may be transported directly from the first data bus confinement passage 410A to the second data bus confinement passage 410B (or vice versa).

[0080] The confinement device further includes a plurality of quantum operation locations 418 (e.g., 418A to 418N, represented by unfilled circles) coupled to and / or accessible by the quantum object via the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 410A or the second data bus confinement passage 410B. In the shown embodiment, the plurality of quantum operation locations 418 are respectively arranged along the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 410A and the second data bus confinement passage 410B. Each of the quantum operation locations 418 is configured to perform one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects located at that quantum operation location 418 (e.g., by applying one or more operational signals, a magnetic field gradient, etc.).

[0081] The containment device 400 further includes a plurality of cache containment sites 420 (for example, 420A to 420J, represented by filled circles). In various embodiments, the cache containment sites 420 are coupled to the data bus containment passages 410 via junctions. For example, the cache containment sites 420 are “dead-end” containment regions coupled to their respective data bus containment passages 410 via junctions.

[0082] Each of the cache confinement sites 420 is located near at least one of the quantum operation locations 418. For example, the distance between a cache confinement site 420 and at least one quantum operation location 418 is shorter than the distance between at least one storage area 430 and at least one quantum operation location 418. For example, the storage area 430 and the cache confinement sites 420 form a memory hierarchy, and quantum objects placed in the cache confinement sites 420 can be retrieved (for example, transferred to a quantum operation location 418) on a faster timescale than quantum objects placed in the storage area 430. Similarly, quantum objects can be transferred from a quantum operation location 418 to a cache confinement site 420 on a faster timescale than it takes to transfer a quantum object from a quantum operation location 418 to a storage area 430. Furthermore, by moving the quantum objects from the data bus confinement passage 410 into the cache confinement site 420 (for example, while other quantum objects are being transferred to the storage area 430), the quantum objects located in the cache confinement site 420 may be reinserted into a relative quantum location favorable to the operation to be performed, in a bulk flow of quantum objects along the data bus confinement passage 410, for example, adjacent to another quantum object with which the quantum object will be gated during the operation to be performed.

[0083] For example, cache transfer time t c t is the time required to transfer a quantum object from the cache confinement site 420 to the quantum operation position 418 (or vice versa). Storage transfer time t s t is the time required to transfer the quantum object from the storage area 430 to the quantum operation position 418 (or vice versa). In various embodiments, the storage transfer time t sis the average time required to transport a quantum object from a storage area 430 (the storage area 430 is not a single site, and may include a storage bus confinement path 432, and / or there may be a plurality of storage areas 430A, 430B, 430C) to a quantum operation position 418. In various embodiments, the cache transfer time is at most (e.g., less than or equal to) a predetermined ratio x of the storage transfer time (e.g., t c ≦xt s , where 0<x<1). In various embodiments, the predetermined ratio x is 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, etc. In particular, the predetermined ratio x is less than 1. FIG. 5 shows at least a part of another exemplary confinement apparatus 500. The confinement apparatus 500 includes a first data bus confinement path 510A and a second data bus confinement path 510B. Each of the first data bus confinement path 510A and the second data bus confinement path 510B extends between a first storage area 530A and a second storage area 530B. In the illustrated embodiment, the first storage area 530A and the second storage area 530B each include a grid of storage bus confinement paths 532.

[0084] The first data bus confinement path 510A and the second data bus confinement path 510B are coupled to the first storage area 530A and the second storage area 530B such that quantum objects can be transported between the first data bus confinement path 510A and the second data bus confinement path 510B via the first storage area 530A and / or the second storage area 530B.

[0085] The confinement device further includes a plurality of quantum operation locations 518 (e.g., 518A to 518N, represented by unfilled circles) coupled to and / or accessible by the quantum object via the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 510A or the second data bus confinement passage 510B. In the shown embodiment, the plurality of quantum operation locations 518 are respectively arranged along the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 510A and the second data bus confinement passage 510B. Each of the quantum operation locations 518 is configured to perform one or more quantum operations (e.g., one or more 1-qubit gates, 2-qubit gates, read / detect operations, qubit initialization operations, cooling operations, etc.) on one or more quantum objects located at that quantum operation location 518 (e.g., by applying one or more operation signals, a magnetic field gradient, etc.).

[0086] The containment device 500 further includes a plurality of cache containment sites 520 (for example, 520A to 520M, represented by filled circles). In various embodiments, the cache containment sites 520 are coupled to the data bus containment passage 510 via junctions. For example, the cache containment sites 520 are “dead-end” containment areas coupled to their respective data bus containment passages 510 via junctions. In the shown embodiment, the cache containment sites 520 are located between the data bus containment passage 510 and their respective storage areas 530A, 530B.

[0087] Each of the cache confinement sites 520 is located near at least one of the quantum operation locations 518. For example, the distance between a cache confinement site 520 and at least one quantum operation location 518 is shorter than the distance between at least one storage area 530 and at least one quantum operation location 518. For example, the storage area 530 and the cache confinement sites 520 form a memory hierarchy, and quantum objects placed in the cache confinement sites 520 can be retrieved (for example, transferred to a quantum operation location 518) on a faster timescale than quantum objects placed in the storage area 530. Similarly, quantum objects can be transferred from a quantum operation location 518 to a cache confinement site 520 on a faster timescale than it takes to transfer the quantum object between the quantum operation location 518 and the storage area 530.

[0088] Furthermore, the storage area 530, which may be larger than shown in various embodiments, may be configured to perform parallel transport operations through the use of a broadcast voltage signal (for example, applied to at least a portion of the control electrodes of the storage area confinement passage 532). Transports within, into, and / or out of the cache confinement site 520 are controlled independently of the transport operations performed in the storage area 530. Thus, quantum objects placed within the cache confinement site are excluded from the flow of larger quantum objects in the bulk storage area 530. This allows quantum objects placed within the cache confinement site to maintain and / or retain proximity (and thus short transport times) to the quantum operation location 518, as will be discussed in more detail herein with respect to Figure 9, for example.

[0089] For example, cache transfer time t c t is the time required to transfer a quantum object from the cache confinement site 520 to the quantum operation position 518 (or vice versa). Storage transfer time t sis the time required to transfer a quantum object from storage area 530 to quantum operation position 518 (or vice versa). In various embodiments, the storage transfer time t s is the average time required to transfer a quantum object from storage area 530 to quantum operation position 518. In various embodiments, the cache transfer time is at most (e.g., less than or equal to) a specified percentage x of the storage transfer time (e.g., t c ≦xt s , where 0<x<1). In various embodiments, the percentage x is 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, etc. In particular, the percentage x is less than 1. Figure 6 shows at least a portion of another exemplary confinement apparatus 600. Confinement apparatus 600 includes a first data bus confinement channel 610A and a second data bus confinement channel 610B. Each of the first data bus confinement channel 610A and the second data bus confinement channel 610B extends away from the circular storage area 630.

[0090] The circular storage area 630 includes a plurality of storage bus confinement channels 632 (e.g., storage bus confinement channels 632A, 632B) coupled to each other via respective junctions 634. The storage bus confinement channels 632 are coupled to each other such that quantum objects can be cyclically transferred around the circular storage area 630. In the embodiment shown, the storage bus confinement channels 632 are further coupled via junctions 634 to sorting confinement sites 636 (e.g., 636A, 636B shown as filled diamonds). In various embodiments, one or more quantum objects may be transferred to the sorting confinement sites 636 while quantum objects are being cyclically transferred around the circular storage area 630. For example, the sorting confinement sites 636 may be used to efficiently sort quantum objects disposed within the circular storage area 630, examples of which are shown in Figures 9A through 9D.

[0091] The first data bus confinement passage 610A and the second data bus confinement passage 610B are coupled to the circulating storage area 630 so that quantum objects may be transported between the first data bus confinement passage 610A and the circulating storage area 630 (or vice versa), and between the second data bus confinement passage 610B and the circulating storage area 630 (or vice versa). In an exemplary embodiment, quantum objects may be transported directly from the first data bus confinement passage 610A to the second data bus confinement passage 610B (or vice versa).

[0092] The confinement device further includes a plurality of quantum operation locations 618 (represented by unfilled circles) coupled to and / or accessible by the quantum object via the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 610A or the second data bus confinement passage 610B. In the shown embodiment, the plurality of quantum operation locations 618 are respectively arranged along the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 610A and the second data bus confinement passage 610B. Each of the quantum operation locations 618 is configured to perform one or more quantum operations (e.g., one or more 1-qubit gates, 2-qubit gates, read / detect operations, qubit initialization operations, cooling operations, etc.) on one or more quantum objects located at that quantum operation location 618 (e.g., by applying one or more operation signals, a magnetic field gradient, etc.).

[0093] Although not shown in Figure 6, in exemplary embodiments the containment device 600 further includes a plurality of cache containment sites. For example, the cache containment sites may be coupled to the data bus containment passage 610 via junctions. For example, the cache containment sites may be “dead-end” capture regions coupled to their respective data bus containment passages 610 via junctions.

[0094] Figure 7 shows at least a portion of another exemplary containment device 700. The containment device 700 includes a first data bus containment passage 710A and a second data bus containment passage 710B. Each of the first data bus containment passage 710A and the second data bus containment passage 710B extends away from the storage area 730.

[0095] The storage area 730 includes a plurality of storage bus confinement passages 732 connected to one another via their respective junctions. The storage bus confinement passages 732 are connected to one another so that quantum objects can be transported between the various storage bus confinement passages of the storage bus confinement passages. In various embodiments, at least one storage bus confinement passage 732 is connected to a sort confinement site 736 (represented as a filled rhombus) via at least one junction. In various embodiments, the sort confinement site 736 may be used to simplify sorting operations being performed within the storage area 730. For example, the sort confinement site 736 may be used to efficiently sort quantum objects placed within the storage area 730.

[0096] The first data bus confinement passage 710A and the second data bus confinement passage 710B are coupled to the storage area 730 so that quantum objects may be transported between the first data bus confinement passage 710A and the storage area 730 (or vice versa), and between the second data bus confinement passage 710B and the storage area 730 (or vice versa). In an exemplary embodiment, quantum objects may be transported directly from the first data bus confinement passage 710A to the second data bus confinement passage 710B (or vice versa).

[0097] The confinement device further includes a plurality of quantum operation locations 718 (represented by unfilled circles) coupled to and / or accessible by the quantum object via the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 710A or the second data bus confinement passage 710B. In the shown embodiment, the plurality of quantum operation locations 718 are respectively arranged along the respective data bus confinement passages of the first data bus confinement passage 710A and the second data bus confinement passage 710B. Each of the quantum operation locations 718 is configured to perform one or more quantum operations (e.g., one or more 1-qubit gates, 2-qubit gates, read / detect operations, qubit initialization operations, cooling operations, etc.) on one or more quantum objects located at that quantum operation location 718 (e.g., by applying one or more operation signals, a magnetic field gradient, etc.).

[0098] The containment device 700 further includes a plurality of cache containment sites 720 (represented by filled circles). In various embodiments, the cache containment sites 720 are coupled to the data bus containment passage 710 via junctions. For example, the cache containment sites 720 are “dead-end” containment areas coupled to their respective data bus containment passages 710 via junctions. In the shown embodiment, the cache containment sites 720 are located between the data bus containment passage 710 and the storage area 730.

[0099] Each of the cache confinement sites 720 is located near at least one of the quantum computing locations 718 (or closer to at least one of the quantum computing locations 718 than to the storage area 730). For example, the distance between a cache confinement site 720 and at least one quantum computing location 718 is shorter than the distance between at least one storage area 730 and at least one quantum computing location 718.

[0100] For example, storage area 730 and cache confinement sites 720 form a memory hierarchy, and quantum objects disposed at cache confinement sites 720 are retrievable on a faster timescale than quantum objects disposed within storage area 730 (e.g., can be transported to quantum operation location 718). Similarly, a quantum object can be transported from quantum operation location 718 to a cache confinement site 720 on a faster timescale than transporting the quantum object from quantum operation location 718 to storage area 730.

[0101] For example, cache transfer time t c is the time required to transport a quantum object from a cache confinement site 720 to quantum operation location 718 (or vice versa). Storage transfer time t s is the time required to transport a quantum object from storage area 730 to quantum operation location 718 (or vice versa). In various embodiments, storage transfer time t s is the average time required to transport a quantum object from storage area 730 to quantum operation location 718. In various embodiments, the cache transfer time is at most a defined percentage x of the storage transfer time (e.g., less than or equal thereto) (e.g., t c ≦ xt s , wherein 0 < x < 1). In various embodiments, the defined percentage x is 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, or the like. In particular, the defined percentage x is less than 1. While the illustrated embodiments of confinement apparatuses 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 include two data bus confinement paths, various embodiments may include one data bus confinement path and / or three or more data bus confinement paths. For example, the number and layout of data bus confinement paths, arrangement of quantum operation locations, arrangement of cache confinement sites, and the like of a confinement apparatus may be configured based at least in part on the type of experiment and / or calculation to be performed using the confinement apparatus, the number of qubits available for performing the experiment and / or calculation, and / or the like.

[0102] [Example operation of a system including a confinement device] In various embodiments, a confinement device is used that includes a data bus confinement passage coupled to and / or providing access to quantum operation locations in order to confine one or more quantum objects and perform quantum operations on the quantum objects. In various embodiments, the confinement device includes one or more cache confinement sites and / or sort confinement sites used to simplify transport operations and / or to store particular quantum objects closer to quantum operation locations (for example, compared to the storage area of ​​the confinement device).

[0103] Figure 8 provides a flowchart illustrating various processes, procedures, etc., for performing quantum operations using quantum objects that are placed in a cache confinement site before the quantum operation is performed and returned to the same or a different cache confinement site after the quantum operation is performed. As should be understood, in various embodiments, quantum operations may be performed using quantum objects that are placed in a cache confinement site before the quantum operation is performed but not returned to the cache confinement site after the quantum operation is performed, or using quantum objects that are not placed in a cache confinement site before the quantum operation is performed but are moved to the cache confinement site after the quantum operation is performed. In various embodiments, the processes, procedures, etc., shown in Figure 8 are performed by a controller of a system including a confinement device, such as controller 30 in Figure 10.

[0104] Initiating step / operation 802, the controller 30 determines that the quantum operation should be performed on a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location. In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to execute one or more queues of executable instructions (for example, by the semiconductor-based processing devices of the controller 30). In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 30 identifies and / or determines that the quantum operation should be performed on a first quantum object by monitoring at least one of the one or more queues and / or in response to scheduling of the execution of a quantum operation. In this specification, the first quantum object is referred to in the singular, but the first quantum object may be a plurality of quantum objects (for example, two or more quantum objects).

[0105] For example, the controller 30 may be configured to execute a quantum program and / or circuit that indicates which quantum operations should be performed on which quantum objects and in what order. The controller 30 may process the quantum program and / or circuit and, based thereon, schedule the execution of one or more sequences of executable instructions to form at least one or more queues. For example, the first queue may be executable by a driver controller element configured to control the operation of a first operation source 64A. The second queue includes, for example, executable instructions configured to be executed by a driver controller element configured to control the operation of one or more of the voltage sources 50. Thus, by monitoring one or more queues, by monitoring the quantum program and / or circuit, and / or in response to scheduling the execution of quantum operations on one or more queues (for example, scheduling executable instructions to control the operation of one or more operation sources 64 and / or one or more voltage sources 50 and trigger execution), the controller 30 determines that a quantum operation should be performed on a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location.

[0106] In exemplary embodiments, a quantum program and / or circuit, and / or executable instructions, include a qubit identifier configured to identify a first quantum object, such that the controller 30 determines that a quantum operation should be performed on the first quantum object. In various scenarios, a quantum operation may be performed on multiple quantum objects at each quantum operation location and / or at the first quantum operation location. For example, a quantum operation may be a two-qubit gate configured to entangle the first quantum object with another quantum object. In another example, a quantum operation may be a one-qubit gate, a qubit initialization operation, a qubit read / detect operation, etc., executed in parallel at multiple quantum operation locations.

[0107] In step / operation 804, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object is currently located at the first cache confinement site. For example, the controller 30 includes classical (e.g., semiconductor-based) memory that stores a classical qubit record for each qubit of the quantum program and / or circuit. In various embodiments, the classical qubit record indicates the originating location of each quantum object. In various embodiments, the classical qubit record may also include various other pieces of information about each quantum object, such as phase accumulation.

[0108] The controller 30 identifies the classical qubit record corresponding to the first quantum object (for example, a classical qubit record indexed by a qubit identifier configured to identify the first quantum object), and extracts, reads, and accesses the source location of the first quantum object from that classical qubit record. In the example provided in Figure 8, the first quantum object is located at the first cache confinement site.

[0109] In step / operation 806, the controller 30 triggers the transfer of the first quantum object from the first cache confinement site to the first quantum operation location. For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of the voltage source 50 to apply a voltage signal to the control electrode 216 such that the potential of the confinement device transfers the first quantum object from the first cache confinement site to the first quantum operation location.

[0110] As should be understood, the distance between the first cache confinement site and the first quantum operation location is shorter than the distance between the storage area of ​​the confinement device and the first quantum operation location. Therefore, the transport time for moving the first quantum object from the first cache confinement site to the first quantum operation location is shorter than the transport time for moving the first quantum object from the storage area to the first quantum operation location.

[0111] In step / operation 808, the controller 30 causes a quantum operation to be performed on a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location. For example, the controller 30 may control one or more operation sources 64 to inject one or more operation signals onto the first quantum object (and optionally another quantum object) located at the first quantum operation location in order to cause a quantum operation to be performed on the first quantum object. In another example, the controller 30 controls one or more magnetic field generators 70 to cause the first quantum object (and optionally another quantum object) located at the first quantum operation location to perceive a magnetic field gradient in order to cause a quantum operation to be performed on the first quantum object.

[0112] In step / operation 810, the controller 30 determines the destination location of the first quantum object. In some cases, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved from the first quantum operation location to the first cache confinement site. For example, after the execution of a quantum operation at the first quantum operation location, the controller 30 may decide whether to (a) keep the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location, (b) move the first quantum object to the second quantum operation location / different quantum operation location, (c) move the first quantum object to a cache confinement site (selected by the controller 30), or (d) move the first quantum object to a storage area. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the destination location is selected from the group including (a) the first quantum operation location, (b) the second quantum operation location / different quantum operation location, (c) a specified and / or selected cache confinement site, and (d) a storage area.

[0113] In response to a decision by the controller 30 (for example, based on a quantum program and / or circuit) that the next quantum operation to be performed at the first quantum operation position (for example, a one-qubit or two-qubit quantum logic gate to be performed on the first quantum object, reinitialization of the first quantum object, or reading / detecting the quantum state of the first quantum object) should be performed on the first quantum object, the controller 30 decides that the first quantum object should be maintained at the first quantum operation position.

[0114] In response to a decision by the controller 30 (for example, based on a quantum program and / or circuit) that the next quantum operation to be performed at a second / different quantum operation location should be performed on the first quantum object (for example, a one-qubit or two-qubit quantum logic gate to be performed on the first quantum object, reinitialization of the first quantum object, or reading / detecting the quantum state of the first quantum object), the controller 30 decides that the first quantum object should be transported to the second / different quantum operation location.

[0115] In response to a determination by the controller 30 (for example, based on a quantum program and / or circuit) that a certain number of quantum operations should be performed on a first quantum object within a specific time frame, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a cache confinement site. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a cache confinement site in response to a determination that the first quantum object has at least a specified rank, where the specified rank indicates the order in which the quantum object is next needed in the execution of the quantum program and / or cycle. For example, if the next 10 quantum operations to be performed should be performed on a second and third quantum object, respectively, and the 11th quantum operation should be performed on the first quantum object, then the first quantum object is associated with a rank indicating that it will be used in the execution of the quantum program and / or circuit before any quantum objects are used that will not be used until the 12th quantum operation and beyond.

[0116] In various embodiments, determining whether a first quantum object should be moved to a cache confinement site involves the controller 30 determining, based on information corresponding to the use of cache confinement sites stored in the classical memory of the controller 30, whether a cache confinement site near the first quantum operation location or the second quantum operation location where the first quantum object will be used is available (e.g., not occupied by a quantum object, occupied by less than the maximum number of quantum objects, etc.). For example, if the first quantum operation location is quantum operation location 318A of the confinement device 300, and the second quantum operation location where the first quantum object will be used is also accessible via the first data bus confinement path 310A, the controller 30 determines whether any of the cache confinement sites 320 are available. In exemplary embodiments, the controller 30 simply determines whether any of the cache confinement sites 320 accessible via the same data bus confinement path as the first quantum operation location 318A and / or the second quantum operation location are available. For example, in this example, the controller might only determine whether any of the cache entrapment sites 320A to 320H (accessible via the first data bus entrapment path 310A) are available, and might not check the availability of cache entrapment sites 320I and 320J (accessible via the second data bus entrapment path 310B).

[0117] Based at least partially on the determined cache confinement site availability, the first quantum operation location, and / or the second quantum operation location, the controller 30 identifies and / or selects the cache confinement site to which the first quantum object should be transferred.

[0118] In response to a determination by the controller 30 (for example, based on a quantum program and / or circuit) that a quantum operation should not be performed on a first quantum object for a specific number of quantum operations within a specific time period, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a storage area. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a storage area in response to a determination that the first quantum object does not have at least a specified rank, where the specified rank indicates the order in which the quantum object is next required in the execution of a quantum program and / or cycle. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a storage area in response to a determination that a suitable cache confinement site is not available (for example, no cache confinement site accessible via the same data bus confinement path as the first quantum operation location and / or the next quantum operation location is available).

[0119] In step / operation 812, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object to the location to which the first quantum object should be moved. For example, if the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to an identified and / or selected cache confinement site, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object to the identified and / or selected cache confinement site. If the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a second quantum operation location or to a storage area, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object to either the second quantum operation location or the storage area. If the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be kept at the first quantum operation location, the controller 30 keeps the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location.

[0120] For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of a voltage source 50 so as to apply a voltage signal to the control electrode 216, such that the potential of the confinement device moves the first quantum object to a destination location determined with respect to the first quantum object. For example, the voltage signal applied to the control electrode 216 may cause the first quantum object to remain at the first quantum operation location or to move it to one of the following: a second quantum operation location, a specified and / or selected cache confinement site, or a storage area.

[0121] For example, in various embodiments, quantum objects are stored and / or maintained in a cache confinement site between quantum operations performed on the quantum object. In various embodiments, quantum objects are stored and / or maintained in a cache confinement site when the time between consecutive quantum operations performed on the quantum object satisfies certain criteria, when the locations where consecutive quantum operations are performed on the quantum object satisfy certain criteria (e.g., the first and second quantum operation locations are accessible via the same data bus confinement path), and / or when other specified criteria are met. As used herein, the term “consecutive quantum operations performed on a quantum object” refers to consecutive quantum operations from the perspective of the quantum object, and between consecutive quantum operations performed on a quantum object, there may or may not be other quantum operations performed on other quantum objects according to a quantum program and / or circuit.

[0122] As should be understood, the distance between the identified and / or selected cache confinement site and the first and / or second quantum operation location is shorter than the distance between the storage area of ​​the confinement device and the first and / or second quantum operation location. Therefore, the transport time for transporting the first quantum object from the first quantum operation location to the identified and / or selected cache confinement site, and / or for transporting the first quantum object from the identified and / or selected cache confinement site to the second quantum operation location, is shorter than the transport time for transporting the first quantum object from the first quantum operation location to the storage area and / or from the storage area to the second quantum operation location.

[0123] Figure 9 provides a flowchart illustrating various processes, procedures, etc., performed by the controller 30 to perform a sort operation using sort confinement sites. In various embodiments, the sort confinement sites of the confinement device include one or more dedicated sort confinement sites located within the storage area (for example, sort confinement sites 636, 736 of confinement devices 600, 700, respectively). In various embodiments, the cache confinement sites of the confinement device are also used as sort confinement sites. For example, when the cache confinement sites are not occupied by quantum objects, or when they are occupied by fewer than the maximum number of quantum objects, the cache confinement sites may be used as sort confinement sites by the controller 30 in various embodiments.

[0124] Initiating step / operation 902, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be transported from its source location to its destination location. For example, the controller 30 processes a quantum program and / or circuit and / or monitors a queue of one or more executable instructions and, based on this, determines that the first quantum object should be transported from its source location to its destination location. For example, the quantum program and / or circuit may indicate the destination location of the first quantum object, and a quantum object record, stored in the classical memory of the controller 30 and indexed by a quantum object identifier configured to uniquely identify the first quantum object, may indicate the source location of the first quantum object. In various embodiments, the quantum program and / or circuit indicates the time (e.g., clock time or a particular clock cycle of the quantum processor 115) at which the transport of the quantum object from its source location to its destination location should begin and / or be completed.

[0125] In various embodiments, the controller 30 also determines the transport path from the source location to the destination location. In an exemplary embodiment, the transport path is the shortest path between the source location and the destination location along the capture area of ​​the containment device.

[0126] In step / operation 904, the controller 30 identifies one or more available sort confinement sites accessible via a transport path from the source location to the destination location, or via confinement passages (e.g., storage confinement passages, storage bus confinement passages, and / or data bus confinement passages) that overlap at least part of the transport path from the source location to the destination location. For example, the transport path from the source location to the destination location may include traveling along a specific confinement passage (e.g., a storage confinement passage and / or a data bus confinement passage) in a first direction from the source location of the first quantum object. The identified one or more available sort confinement sites may include one or more confinement sites accessible via a specific confinement passage in a first direction or in a second direction opposite to the source location of the first quantum object.

[0127] The controller 30 selects a sort confinement site from the identified one or more available sort confinement sites based at least partially on the location of each of the identified one or more available sort confinement sites, the number and / or location of other quantum objects on one or more confinement paths along and / or overlapping at least a portion of the transport path, and possibly one or more of the other selection criteria.

[0128] In step / operation 906, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object from its source position to a selected sort confinement site. For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of the voltage source 50 so that a voltage signal is applied to the control electrode 216, such that the potential of the confinement device moves the first quantum object from its source position to a selected sort confinement site.

[0129] For example, Figure 9A shows multiple quantum objects 5 (e.g., 5A, 5B, shown as filled circles with a pattern) placed on the first storage-confinement passage 632A and the third storage-confinement passage 632C before step / operation 906 is performed. The first quantum object 5A and two second quantum objects 5B are placed along the first storage-confinement passage 632A. In the example shown, several additional quantum objects are placed along the third storage-confinement passage 632C.

[0130] For example, the first quantum object 5A is located at the source position 912 along the first storage and confinement passage 632A. The destination position is not shown, but the direction to that destination position is indicated by an arrow labeled 914, and therefore the dashed line represents part of the transport path 916. The dashed line is shown away from the first storage and confinement passage 632A in order to make it visible in the drawing.

[0131] Figure 9B shows multiple quantum objects after step / operation 906 is performed. For example, the first quantum object 5A was transported from its source position 912 to a selected sort confinement site 636B.

[0132] Referring to Figures 9A and 9B, in step / operation 908, the controller 30 causes one or more second quantum objects 5B to be transported over selected sort confinement sites. For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of a voltage source 50 so that a voltage signal is applied to the control electrode 216, causing the potential of the confinement apparatus to transport one or more second quantum objects 5B over selected sort confinement sites 636B. For example, the second quantum objects 5B include quantum objects that are positioned along the transport path 916 before the execution of step / operation 908.

[0133] For example, Figure 9C shows multiple quantum objects after step / operation 908 is performed. The second quantum object 5B, previously positioned along transport path 916, has been transported from the first storage-confinement passage 632A through the selected sort-confinement site 636B to the second storage-confinement passage 632B, and therefore, as a result of performing step / operation 908, the second quantum object 5B is no longer positioned along transport path 916 (and is no longer positioned between the selected sort-confinement site 636B and transport path 916).

[0134] In various embodiments, transporting one or more second quantum objects over a selected sort confinement site includes transporting one or more second quantum objects from a first side of the sort confinement site to a second side of the sort confinement site. For example, in Figure 9B, one or more second quantum objects are located to the right (first side) of the selected sort confinement site 636B, and in Figure 9C, one or more second quantum objects are transported over the selected sort confinement site 636B and located to the left (second side) of the selected sort confinement site 636B.

[0135] Continuing with Figure 9, in step / operation 910, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object 5A from the selected sort confinement site 636B to the destination position 914. For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of a voltage source 50 so that the potential of the confinement device moves the first quantum object 5A from the selected sort confinement site 636B to the destination position 914, thereby applying a voltage signal to the control electrode 216. In an exemplary embodiment, the first quantum object 5A is moved from the selected sort confinement site 636B to the destination position 914, at least partially along the transport path 916.

[0136] For example, Figure 9D shows the execution of step / operation 910, in which a first quantum object 5A is transported from a selected sort confinement site 636B along a transport path 916 toward a destination location 914. In various embodiments, the destination location is a cache confinement site, a quantum operation location, a location along a data bus confinement path, or any other location determined at least partially by the confinement device.

[0137] The use of sort confinement sites for performing transport operations prevents the execution of sorting or swap operations between the first quantum object 5A and each of the second quantum objects 5B. During sorting or swap operations, the quantum objects involved in the sorting or swap operation are removed from the radio frequency (RF) null of the confinement path along which the quantum objects are located. This results in increased heating of the quantum objects involved in the sorting or stepping operation, which may reduce the fidelity with which the quantum information stored by the quantum states of the quantum objects is maintained. Furthermore, performing sorting or swap operations takes longer than simply transporting the quantum objects along their respective confinement paths. Therefore, the use of sort confinement sites for performing transport operations reduces the heating of quantum objects, increases the fidelity with which the quantum information stored by the quantum states of the quantum objects is maintained, and reduces the amount of time required to perform routing and sorting operations.

[0138] [Technical advantages] In conventional quantum object confinement devices, which include data bus confinement paths or similar one-dimensional confinement regions used to transport quantum objects into and out of quantum operation locations accessible through their respective one-dimensional confinement regions, transporting quantum objects from storage areas to quantum operation locations can be extremely time-consuming. For example, performing a transport operation to move a quantum object throughout the execution of a quantum program and / or circuit may take significantly more time than performing a quantum operation (e.g., a one-qubit and / or two-qubit quantum logic gate). For example, a non-negligible proportion of the quantum state coherence time of a quantum object may be used to transport it between locations in the confinement device. Transporting quantum objects can also cause undesirable heating of the quantum object.

[0139] Furthermore, when multiple quantum objects are confined by a confinement device, rearranging and / or swapping the positions of the quantum objects within a one-dimensional confinement region may require a large number of swap and / or sorting operations to properly sort the quantum objects. These swap and / or sorting operations are also time-consuming and may lead to further undesirable heating of the quantum objects. Thus, there are technical problems regarding the efficient routing and sorting of quantum objects confined by quantum object confinement devices.

[0140] Embodiments of this disclosure provide technical solutions to these technical problems. Various embodiments provide a system comprising a confinement device and / or confinement device, which comprises one or more data bus confinement passages and one or more cache confinement sites and / or sort confinement sites. Each of the one or more data bus confinement passages comprises one or more quantum objects to be transported into and / or out of one or more quantum operation locations, and / or enables one or more quantum objects to be transported into and / or out of one or more quantum operation locations. Each of the cache confinement sites is coupled to each data bus confinement passage so that quantum objects may be transported from each data bus confinement passage to the cache confinement site and / or from the cache confinement site to the data bus confinement passage. The cache confinement sites enable quantum objects to be stored close to the quantum operation locations so that quantum objects may be transported between the quantum operation locations and the cache confinement sites (or vice versa) faster and with reduced heating (compared to longer distance transport operations). Furthermore, in various embodiments, the cache confinement site is configured for high-fidelity data storage (for example, configured to minimize the ability of floating fields to interact with and / or perturb the quantum states of quantum objects placed at the cache confinement site). Thus, the various embodiments provide improvements to the field of confinement devices and methods relating to and / or including transport quantum objects confined by the confinement device.

[0141] [Example Controller] Various embodiments provide systems including confinement devices 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700. In exemplary embodiments, the system is a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD-based) quantum computer 110 or other quantum computer. In various embodiments, the system (e.g., quantum computer 110) further includes a controller 30 configured to control various elements of the system. For example, the controller 30 may be configured to control a voltage source 50 configured to manipulate and / or induce a controlled evolution of the quantum states of one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device, and / or to read and / or detect the quantum states of one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device, a cryogenic system and / or a vacuum system for controlling the temperature and pressure within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, an operating source 64 (e.g., 64A, 64B, 64C), a magnetic field generator 70 (e.g., 70A, 70B), and / or other systems for controlling environmental conditions within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40 (e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, magnetic field gradient, etc.).

[0142] As shown in Figure 10, in various embodiments, the controller 30 may include various controller elements, such as one or more processing devices 1005, memory 1010, driver controller elements 1015, communication interfaces 1020, and analog-to-digital converters 1025. For example, one or more processing devices 1005 may include one or more processing elements, such as a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), microprocessor, coprocessing entity, Application-Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP), integrated circuit, Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Programmable Logic Array (PLA), hardware accelerator, and other processing devices and / or circuits. The term "circuit" may refer to an entirely hardware embodiment or a combination of hardware and computer program products. In an exemplary embodiment, one or more processing devices 1005 of the controller 30 include and / or communicate with a clock. In various embodiments, this clock determines the clock cycle of the system.

[0143] For example, memory 1010 includes hard disk, ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), flash memory, MMC (Multi Media Card), SD memory card, memory stick, CBRAM (Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory), PRAM (Parameter Random Access Memory), FeRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory), RRAM (Resistive Random Access Memory), SONOS (Silicon Oxide Nitride Oxide Semiconductor), racetrack memory, RAM, DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), FPM DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM), EDO DRAM (Extended Data Out DRAM), SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory), DDR SDRAM (Double-Data-Rate SDRAM), and DDR2. It may include one or more non-temporary memory such as volatile and / or non-volatile memory storage, including SDRAM (Double-Data-Rate2 SDRAM), DDR3 SDRAM (Double-Data-Rate3 SDRAM), RDRAM (Rambus DRAM), RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module), DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module), SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module), VRAM (Video Random Access Memory), cache memory, and register memory.In various embodiments, memory 1010 may store qubit records corresponding to qubits of the quantum computer (e.g., in a qubit record data store, qubit record database, qubit record table, etc.), calibration tables, executable qubits, computer program code (e.g., one or more computer languages, special controller languages, etc.). In an exemplary embodiment, the execution of at least a portion of the computer program code stored in memory 1010 (e.g., by processing device 1005) causes controller 30 to perform one or more steps, operations (operations), processes, procedures, etc. described herein to control one or more components of the quantum computer 110 (e.g., voltage source 50, operation source 64, magnetic field generator 70, etc.) to detect and / or read the quantum state of one or more quantum objects, causing a controlled evolution of the quantum state of one or more quantum objects.

[0144] In various embodiments, the driver controller element 1015 may include one or more drivers and / or controller elements, each configured to control one or more drivers. In various embodiments, the driver controller element 1015 may include drivers and / or driver controllers. For example, a driver controller may be configured to operate one or more corresponding drivers according to executable instructions, commands, etc., scheduled and executed by the controller 30 (e.g., by the processing device 1005). In various embodiments, the driver controller element 1015 may allow the controller 30 to operate the operating source 64. In various embodiments, drivers may be laser drivers, vacuum component drivers, drivers for controlling the flow of current and / or voltage applied to RF, control, and / or other electrodes (e.g., shim electrodes) used to maintain and / or control the confinement potential of the confinement device (and / or other drivers for providing driver action sequences and / or control signals to the potential generating elements of the confinement device), cryogenic and / or vacuum system component drivers, etc. For example, the driver may control and / or include a control and / or RF voltage driver and / or voltage source that provides voltage and / or electrical signals to the control electrode 216 and / or RF electrodes 212, 222. In various embodiments, the controller 30 includes means for transmitting and / or receiving signals from one or more detectors, such as photodetector components of the optical acquisition system 80 (e.g., cameras, MEMS cameras, CCD cameras, photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, etc.). For example, the controller 30 may include one or more analog-to-digital converters 1025 configured to receive signals from one or more detectors, photodetector components, calibration sensors, etc.

[0145] In various embodiments, the controller 30 may include a communication interface 1020 for interfaceing with and / or communicating with one or more computing entities 10. For example, the controller 30 may include a communication interface 1020 for receiving executable instructions, command sets, etc., from the computing entities 10 and providing the computing entities 10 with outputs received from the quantum processor 115 (e.g., via the optical collection system 80) and / or the results of processing the outputs (received from the quantum processor 115). In various embodiments, the computing entities 10 and the controller 30 may communicate directly via wired and / or wireless connections and / or via one or more wired and / or wireless networks 20.

[0146] [Example Computing Entity] Figure 11 provides a descriptive schematic diagram representing an exemplary computing entity 10 that may be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention. In various embodiments, the computing entity 10 is configured to allow a user to provide input to a quantum computer 110 (for example, through the user interface of the computing entity 10), and to receive, display, analyze, and so on, outputs from the quantum computer 110.

[0147] As shown in Figure 11, the computing entity 10 may include an antenna 1112, a transmitter 1104 (e.g., a radio), a receiver 1106 (e.g., a radio), and a processing device 1108 that provides a signal to the transmitter 1104 and receives a signal from the receiver 1106.

[0148] The signals provided to the transmitter 1104 and the signals received by the receiver 1106 may include signaling information / data according to applicable wireless system radio interface standards for communication with various entities such as the controller 30 and other computing entities 10. In this regard, computing entity 10 may operate using one or more radio interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, and access types. For example, computing entity 10 may be configured to receive and / or provide communications using wired data transmission protocols such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), or any other wired transmission protocol.Similarly, Computing Entity 10 includes General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), CDMA2000 1X (1xRTT), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) (registered trademark), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolutionary Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO), and High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA). It may be configured to communicate over a wireless external communication network using any of the following protocols: IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Wi-Fi Direct, 802.16 (WiMAX), Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), Infrared Radiation (IR) protocol, Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol, Wibree, Bluetooth protocol, Wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol, and / or any other Wi-Fi protocol.Computing entity 10 uses such protocols and standards as follows: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTTP over TLS / SSL / Secure, Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Network Time Protocol (NTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Telnet, Transport Layer Security (TLS), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Communication may be conducted using protocols such as the Protocol, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), etc.

[0149] These communication standards and protocols enable the computing entity 10 to communicate with various other entities using concepts such as Unstructured Supplementary Service information / data (USSD), Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency Signaling (DTMF), and / or Subscriber Identification Module Dialer (SIM Dialer). The computing entity 10 can also download changes, add-ons, and updates to its firmware, software (including executable instructions, applications, and program modules), and operating system, for example. In various embodiments, the computing entity 10 further includes one or more network interfaces 1120 configured to communicate over one or more wired and / or wireless networks 20.

[0150] The computing entity 10 may also include user interface devices, including one or more user input / output interfaces (for example, a display 1116 and / or speaker / speaker driver coupled to the processing device 1108, as well as a touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, and / or microphone coupled to the processing device 1108). For example, a user output interface may be configured to provide applications, browsers, user interfaces, interfaces, dashboards, screens, web pages, pages, and / or similar terms used herein to be interchangeable, to trigger the display or audible presentation of information / data, and for interaction with that information / data via one or more user input interfaces. A user input interface may include any of many devices that enable the computing entity 10 to receive data, such as a keypad 1118 (hard or soft), a touch display, a voice / speech or motion interface, a scanner, a reader, or other input device. In embodiments including a keypad 1118, the keypad 1118 may include (or trigger the display of) conventional numeric keys (0-9) and associated keys (#,*), as well as other keys used to operate the computing entity 10, and may include a set of keys that can be operated to provide a complete set of alphabetic keys or a complete set of alphanumeric keys. In addition to providing input, the user input interface may be used to activate or deactivate certain functions, such as a screen saver and / or sleep mode. Through such input, the computing entity 10 can collect information / data, user interactions / input, etc.

[0151] Computing entity 10 may also include volatile storage or memory 1122 and / or non-volatile storage or memory 1124, which may be embedded and / or removable. For example, non-volatile memory may be ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, MMC, SD memory card, memory stick, CBRAM, PRAM, FeRAM, RRAM, SONOS, racetrack memory, etc. Volatile memory may be RAM, DRAM, SRAM, FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, RDRAM, RIMM, DIMM, SIMM, VRAM, cache memory, register memory, etc. Volatile and non-volatile storage or memory may store databases, database instances, database management system entities, data, applications, programs, program modules, scripts, source code, object code, bytecode, compiled code, interpreted code, machine code, executable instructions, etc., for implementing the functions of computing entity 10.

[0152] As described above, exemplary confinement devices of embodiments of the present disclosure may include one or more circulating storage areas. Such circulating storage areas include storage bus confinement passages arranged in a closed or continuous path, allowing (if so desired) quantum objects to circulate and / or be transported circulating and / or continuously around them. In some embodiments, quantum objects are transportable around the circulating storage area in either of two opposite directions.

[0153] When such a closed path of a circulating storage area is combined with one or more junctions, it allows ions to be arbitrarily sorted to execute any quantum circuit without requiring a logical swap of information between qubits. Ion sorting can be performed in such a trap by rotating all ions simultaneously along the circulating storage area until the first ion required for the operation can be selected by the junction. The ions in the circulating storage area can then be rotated simultaneously again along the circulating storage area until the next ion required for the operation can be selected by the junction. The operation continues until all ions in that circuit step have been operated. In some embodiments, the ions can then be returned to the circulating storage area and sorted for the next circuit step. This is repeated until the quantum circuit is completed.

[0154] Sorting quantum objects using such a cyclic storage area offers higher storage density, improved sorting speed, lower required RF trap capacitance, and a reduced number of electrodes compared to other known quantum object storage mechanisms.

[0155] Such circulating storage areas may have any preferred closed or continuous shape, including but not limited to circular, oval, elliptical, square (with pointed or rounded corners), or rectangular (with pointed or rounded corners).

[0156] The rotational symmetry inherent in such a circulating storage area allows ions within the circulating storage area to be moved simultaneously when the same voltage signal is broadcast to all electrodes within the circulating storage area, thereby greatly reducing the number of independent voltage signals required and greatly simplifying the structure of the circulating storage area. This reduction in the number of independent voltage signals required and the simplification of the structure of the circulating storage area allow for a higher density of stored ions within the circulating storage area. In exemplary embodiments, approximately 100 ions may be stored in a single circulating storage area. Exemplary electrode designs for circulating storage areas are described further below. In some embodiments, a first broadcast analog signal is applied to each of the control electrodes of the circulating storage area to induce the transport of stored ions in a first direction. A second broadcast analog signal is applied to each of the control electrodes of the circulating storage area to induce the transport of stored ions in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The process of broadcasting signals to multiple electrodes in a circulating arrangement is further described in the aforementioned Patent Document 1 (U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 379040), filed on 11 October 2022, and the contents of this provisional patent application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0157] An exemplary confinement apparatus of embodiments of the present disclosure may include one or more circulating storage areas coupled to one or more data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, such that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circulating storage areas (sometimes also called circulating storage bus confinement passages), and from one or more circulating storage areas to one or more respective data bus confinement passages.

[0158] In exemplary embodiments, a controller (such as, but not limited to, controller 30 in Figure 1) controls a voltage signal broadcast to electrodes in a circulating storage area to cause the transport of ions circulating within the circulating storage area. Similarly, a controller (such as, but not limited to, controller 30 in Figure 1) tracks the label of each ion and the position of each labeled ion as the ions circulate within and out of the circulating storage area.

[0159] Next, referring to Figure 12, a quantum object confinement device 1200 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1200 includes one circulating storage area 1205 coupled to one data bus confinement passage 1210 via a junction 1215. Multiple quantum objects (e.g., ions) 1220 are stored along the circulating storage area 1205. In the embodiment shown in Figure 12, the circulating storage area 1205 has a generally rectangular shape with curved corners, but any preferred (closed) shape may be used. The data bus confinement passage 1210 has two quantum operation positions 1230A, 1230B (sometimes called gating zones) defined thereon, but any preferred number of quantum operation positions may be defined thereon. In the embodiment of Figure 12, the data bus confinement passage 1210 protrudes outward from the circulating storage area 1205. In various alternative embodiments, the data bus containment passage protrudes inward from the circulating storage area (i.e., the data bus containment passage is surrounded by the circulating storage area). In exemplary embodiments, the data bus containment passage protrudes both outward and inward from the circulating storage area.

[0160] During the operation, multiple quantum objects 1220 are stored in the circulating storage area 1205 of the quantum object confinement device 1200 in Figure 12, in preparation for the execution of one or more quantum operations on the quantum objects 1220. A voltage signal is broadcast to the electrodes of the circulating storage area 1205 to cause the quantum objects 1220 to be transported simultaneously around the circulating storage area 1205 until the desired quantum object reaches the junction 1215, at which point the desired quantum object is transported through the junction 1215 to the data bus confinement passage 1210 and to one of the two quantum operation positions 1230A, 1230B, in order to enable the execution of quantum operations on the desired quantum object. If a quantum operation is to be performed on two quantum objects, a voltage signal is broadcast again to the electrodes of the circulating storage area 1205 to cause the quantum object 1220 to be transported simultaneously through the circulating storage area 1205 until the second desired quantum object reaches the junction 1215, at which point the second desired quantum object is transported through the junction 1215 to the data bus confinement passage 1210 and to one of the two quantum operation positions 1230A, 1230B, in order to enable the quantum operation to be performed on the two desired quantum objects.

[0161] Next, referring to Figure 13, a quantum object confinement device 1300 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1300 includes a circulating storage area 1305 coupled to two data bus confinement passages 1310A and 1310B via a junction 1315. Multiple quantum objects (not shown) are stored along the circulating storage area 1305. In the embodiment shown in Figure 13, the circulating storage area 1305 has a generally circular shape, but any preferred (closed) shape may be used. Each of the data bus confinement passages 1310A and 1310B has two quantum operation positions 1330A and 1330B, and two quantum operation positions 1330C and 1330D, respectively, but any preferred number of quantum operation positions may be defined thereon. During the operation, the desired quantum object may be transferred from the circulating storage area 1305 to either of the two data bus confinement passages 1310A or 1310B via the junction 1315.

[0162] Next, referring to Figure 14, a quantum object confinement device 1400 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1400 includes a circulating storage area 1405 which is coupled to two data bus confinement passages 1410A and 1410B via two junctions 1415A and 1415B, respectively. Multiple quantum objects (not shown) are stored along the circulating storage area 1405. In the embodiment shown in Figure 14, the circulating storage area 1405 has a generally circular shape, but any preferred (closed) shape may be used. Each of the data bus confinement passages 1410A and 1410B has two quantum operation positions 1430A and 1430B, and two quantum operation positions 1430C and 1430D, respectively, but any preferred number of quantum operation positions may be defined thereon. In the embodiment shown in Figure 14, the two data bus confinement passages 1410A and 1410B protrude outward from the circulating storage area 1405 in opposite directions (i.e., the data bus confinement passages 1410A and 1410B are positioned 180 degrees apart), however, the data bus confinement passages may be positioned in any preferred arrangement. During computation, a desired quantum object may be transported from the circulating storage area 1405 to data bus confinement passage 1410A via junction 1415A or to data bus confinement passage 1410B via junction 1415B.

[0163] Next, referring to Figure 15, a quantum object confinement device 1500 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1500 includes four circulating storage areas 1505A to 1505D coupled to a data bus confinement passage 1510. Multiple quantum objects (not shown) are stored along one or all of the circulating storage areas 1505A to 1505D. In the embodiment shown in Figure 15, the circulating storage areas 1505A to 1505D each have a generally circular shape, but any preferred (closed) shape or combination of shapes may be used. The data bus confinement passage 1510 has three quantum operation positions 1530A, 1530B, and 1530C defined thereon, but any preferred number of quantum operation positions may be defined thereon. During the operation, the desired quantum object may be transferred from one of the circulating storage areas 1505A to 1505D to the data bus confinement passage 1510, and then to one of the three quantum operation positions 1530A, 1530B, or 1530C.

[0164] Next, referring to Figure 16, a quantum object confinement device 1600 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1600 includes three circulating storage areas 1605A, 1605B, and 1605C, respectively, which are coupled to three data bus confinement passages 1610A, 1610B, and 1610C via main junctions 1615A, 1615B, and 1615C. Furthermore, sub-junctions 1635A and 1635B allow quantum objects to be transported between the three data bus confinement passages 1610A, 1610B, and 1610C. Multiple quantum objects (not shown) are stored along one or all of the circulating storage areas 1605A, 1605B, and 1605C. In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the circulating storage areas 1605A, 1605B, and 1605C each have a generally circular shape, but any preferred (closed) shape or combination of shapes may be used. Each data bus confinement passage 1610A, 1610B, 1610C has a respective quantum operation position 1630A, 1630B, 1630C defined thereon, but any number of suitable quantum operation positions may be defined thereon. During the operation, a desired quantum object may be transported from any of the circulating storage areas 1605A, 1605B, 1605C to any of the data bus confinement passages 1610A, 1610B, 1610C and to any of the three quantum operation positions 1630A, 1630B, 1630C via the main junctions 1615A, 1615B, 1615C and the sub-junctions 1635A, 1635B.

[0165] Next, referring to Figure 17, a quantum object confinement device 1700 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1700 includes a Manhattan-style grid 1710 of data bus confinement passages, with a plurality of circulating storage areas 1705 positioned within the grid. In the embodiment shown in Figure 17, the circulating storage areas 1705 each have a generally circular shape, but any suitable (closed) shape or combination of shapes may be used. During computation, a desired quantum object may be transported from any of the circulating storage areas to any point within the grid 1710 of the data bus confinement passage.

[0166] Next, referring to Figure 18, a quantum object confinement device 1800 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1800 includes a first circulating storage area 1805A and a second circulating storage area 1805B, respectively, coupled to opposite ends of a data bus confinement passage 1810 via junctions 1815A and 1815B. A plurality of quantum objects 1820A may be stored along the first circulating storage area 1805A, and a plurality of quantum objects 1820B may be stored along the second circulating storage area 1805B. In the embodiment shown in Figure 18, the circulating storage areas 1805A and 1805B have a generally rectangular shape with curved corners, but any preferred (closed) shape may be used. The data bus confinement passage 1810 has two quantum operation positions 830A and 1830B defined thereon, but any preferred number of quantum operation positions may be defined thereon.

[0167] During the operation, multiple quantum objects 1820A are stored in the first circulating storage area 1805A of the quantum object confinement device 1800 in Figure 18, in preparation for the execution of one or more quantum operations on the quantum objects 1820A. A voltage signal is broadcast to the electrodes of the first circulating storage area 1805A to cause the quantum objects 1820A to be transported simultaneously around the first circulating storage area 1805A until the desired quantum object reaches the junction 1815A. When the desired quantum object reaches the junction 1815A, the desired quantum object is transported through the junction 1815A to the data bus confinement passage 1810 and to one of the two quantum operation positions 1830A, 1830B, to enable the execution of quantum operations on the desired quantum object. If a quantum operation is to be performed on two quantum objects, a voltage signal is broadcast again to the electrodes of the circulating storage area 1805A to cause the quantum object 1820A to be transported simultaneously through the circulating storage area 1805A until the second desired quantum object reaches the junction 1815A, at which point the second desired quantum object is transported through the junction 1815A to the data bus confinement passage 1810 and to one of the two quantum operation positions 1830A, 1830B, in order to enable the quantum operation to be performed on the two desired quantum objects.

[0168] After quantum operations have been performed on one or two desired quantum objects, those quantum objects are transported to a second circulating storage area 1805B via junction 1815B. A voltage signal is broadcast to the electrodes of the second circulating storage area 1805B as needed to cause the quantum objects 1820B to be transported simultaneously around the second circulating storage area 1805B until an empty space is adjacent to junction 1815B, so that a quantum object (or one of the two quantum objects) can be transported to the second circulating storage area 1805B (and this is repeated for the second of the two quantum objects).

[0169] The transfer of quantum objects from the first cyclic storage area 1805A to one of the quantum operation positions 1830A, 1830B, and from there to the second cyclic storage area 1805B, typically continues until all desired quantum operations are performed and / or until no quantum object 1820A remains in the first cyclic storage area 1805A (at which point all quantum objects (referred to here as 1820B) are in the second cyclic storage area 1805B). At this point, further quantum operations may be performed by sorting the quantum objects 1820B in the second cyclic storage area 1805B and transferring the desired quantum object from the second cyclic storage area 1805B to one of the two quantum operation positions 1830A, 1830B. After the quantum operations are performed, the desired quantum object is transferred back to the first cyclic storage area 1805A. Alternatively, further quantum operations may be performed by transferring all of the quantum objects 1820B in the second cyclic storage area 1805B back to the first cyclic storage area 1805A, then sorting the quantum objects (here called 1820A) in the first cyclic storage area 1805A, and transferring the desired quantum objects from the first cyclic storage area 1805A to one of two quantum operation locations 1830A, 1830B.

[0170] Next, referring to Figure 19, a quantum object confinement device 1900 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 1900 includes a circulating storage area 1905 coupled to a first end of a data bus confinement passage 1910 via a junction 1915, and a linear storage area 1945 coupled to the opposite end of the data bus confinement passage 1910. Multiple quantum objects 1920A may be stored along the circulating storage area 1905, and multiple quantum objects 1920B may be stored along the linear storage area 1945. In the embodiment shown in Figure 19, the circulating storage area 1905 has a generally rectangular shape with curved corners, but any preferred (closed) shape may be used. The data bus confinement passage 1910 has two quantum operation positions 1930A, 1930B defined thereon, but any preferred number of quantum operation positions may be defined thereon.

[0171] During the operation, multiple quantum objects 1920A are stored in a circulating storage area 1905 of the quantum object confinement device 1900 in Figure 19, in preparation for the execution of one or more quantum operations on the quantum objects 1920A. A voltage signal is broadcast to the electrodes of the circulating storage area 1905 to cause the quantum objects 1920A to be transported simultaneously around the circulating storage area 1905 until the desired quantum object reaches the junction 1915. When the desired quantum object reaches the junction 1915, the desired quantum object is transported through the junction 1915 to the data bus confinement passage 1910 and to one of the two quantum operation positions 1930A, 1930B, in order to enable the execution of quantum operations on the desired quantum object. If a quantum operation is to be performed on two quantum objects, a voltage signal is broadcast again to the electrodes of the circulating storage area 1905 to cause the quantum object 1920A to be transported simultaneously through the circulating storage area 1905 until the second desired quantum object reaches the junction 1915. When the second desired quantum object reaches the junction 1915, it is transported through the junction 1915 to the data bus confinement passage 1910 and to one of the two quantum operation positions 1930A, 1930B, in order to enable the quantum operation to be performed on the two desired quantum objects. After the quantum operation has been performed on one or two desired quantum objects, those quantum objects are transported to the linear storage area 1945.

[0172] The transfer of quantum objects from the cyclic storage area 1905 to one of the quantum operation positions 1930A and 1930B, and from there to the linear storage area 1945, typically continues until all desired quantum operations have been performed and / or until no quantum object 1920A remains in the cyclic storage area 1905 (at which point all quantum objects (here called 1920B) are in the linear storage area 1945). At this point, all quantum objects 1920B in the linear storage area 1945 are transferred back to the cyclic storage area 1905, and then the quantum objects (here called 1920A) in the cyclic storage area 1905 are sorted and the desired quantum objects are transferred from the cyclic storage area 1905 to one of the two quantum operation positions 1930A and 1930B, thereby allowing further quantum operations to be performed.

[0173] Next, referring to Figure 20, a quantum object confinement device 2000 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 2000 includes one cyclic storage area 2005 coupled to one data bus confinement passage 2010 via a junction 2015. Multiple quantum objects 2020 are stored along the cyclic storage area 2005. The data bus confinement passage 2010 has two quantum swapping locations 2050A and 2050B defined thereon, but any number of suitable quantum swapping locations may be defined thereon. The quantum swapping locations 2050A and 2050B allow for sorting of quantum objects outside the cyclic sorting area (cyclic storage area) 2005.

[0174] The height at which quantum objects are trapped on the plane of a surface electrode trap is a design choice, but is typically on the order of tens of microns. The higher the height of the quantum object, the easier it is for the laser manipulation signal to reach it. However, higher quantum object heights require a larger RF potential and larger electrodes to trap the quantum object. In various embodiments, quantum objects stored in a circulating storage area are at a lower height than quantum objects transported along a data bus confinement path. This lower height of quantum objects stored in the circulating storage area is possible because they do not need to be reached by the laser manipulation signal. This lower height of quantum objects stored in the circulating storage area allows the circulating storage area to have a lower RF potential and a higher trapping potential, providing higher storage density and faster sorting.

[0175] Next, referring to Figure 21, a side view of the quantum object confinement device 2100 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 2100 includes one circulating storage area 2105 coupled to one data bus confinement passage 2110 via a junction 2115. Multiple quantum objects 2120 are stored along the circulating storage area 2105. The data bus confinement passage 2110 has two pairs of quantum objects 2155A, 2155B at a first quantum operation position (unlabeled) and two pairs of quantum objects 2155C, 2155D at a second quantum operation position (unlabeled). As seen in Figure 21, the multiple quantum objects 2120 stored along the circulating storage area 2105 are at a lower height than the two pairs of quantum objects 2155A, 2155B and quantum objects 2155C, 2155D on the data bus confinement passage 2110.

[0176] Figure 22 provides a flowchart illustrating various processes, procedures, etc., for performing quantum operations using quantum objects that are placed in a cyclic storage area before the execution of the quantum operation and returned to the same or a different cyclic storage area or other storage area after the execution of the quantum operation. As should be understood, in various embodiments, quantum operations may be performed using quantum objects that are placed in a cyclic storage area before the execution of the quantum operation but not returned to the cyclic storage area after the execution of the quantum operation, or using quantum objects that are not placed in a cyclic storage area before the execution of the quantum operation but are moved to a cyclic storage area after the execution of the quantum operation. In various embodiments, the processes, procedures, etc., shown in Figure 22 are performed by a controller of a system including a confinement device, such as the controller 30 in Figure 10.

[0177] When step / operation 2202 is initiated, the controller 30 determines that the quantum operation should be performed on a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location. In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to execute one or more queues of executable instructions (for example, by the semiconductor-based processing devices of the controller 30). In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 30 identifies and / or determines that the quantum operation should be performed on a first quantum object by monitoring at least one of the one or more queues and / or in response to scheduling of the execution of a quantum operation. Although the first quantum object is referred to in the singular herein, the first quantum object may be a plurality of quantum objects (for example, two or more quantum objects).

[0178] For example, the controller 30 may be configured to execute a quantum program and / or circuit that indicates which quantum operations should be performed on which quantum objects and in what order. The controller 30 may process the quantum program and / or circuit and, based thereon, schedule the execution of one or more sequences of executable instructions to form at least one or more queues. For example, the first queue may be executable by a driver controller element configured to control operations on a first operation source 64A. The second queue includes, for example, executable instructions configured to be executed by a driver controller element configured to control operations on one or more of the voltage sources 50. Thus, by monitoring one or more queues, by monitoring the quantum program and / or circuit, and / or in response to scheduling the execution of quantum operations on one or more queues (for example, scheduling executable instructions to control and trigger operations on one or more operation sources 64 and / or one or more voltage sources 50), the controller 30 determines that a quantum operation should be performed on a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location.

[0179] In exemplary embodiments, a quantum program and / or circuit, and / or an executable instruction, includes a qubit identifier configured to identify a first quantum object, such that the controller 30 determines that a quantum operation should be performed on the first quantum object. In various scenarios, a quantum operation may be performed on multiple quantum objects at each quantum operation location and / or the first quantum operation location. For example, a quantum operation may be a two-qubit gate configured to entangle the first quantum object with another quantum object. In another example, a quantum operation may be a one-qubit gate, a qubit initialization operation, a qubit read / detect operation, etc., executed in parallel at multiple quantum operation locations.

[0180] In step / operation 2204, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object is currently located in the first cyclic storage area and determines the position of the first quantum object within the first cyclic storage area. For example, the controller 30 includes classical (e.g., semiconductor-based) memory that stores classical qubit records for each qubit of the quantum program and / or circuit. In various embodiments, the classical qubit record indicates the source position of each quantum object. In various embodiments, the classical qubit record may also include various other pieces of information about each quantum object, such as phase storage.

[0181] The controller 30 identifies the classical qubit record corresponding to the first quantum object (for example, a classical qubit record indexed by a qubit identifier configured to identify the first quantum object), and extracts, reads, and accesses the source location of the first quantum object from that classical qubit record. In the example given by Figure 22, the first quantum object is placed in the first circular storage area and at a specific location.

[0182] In step / operation 2206, the controller 30 causes the quantum objects in the circulating storage area to move simultaneously around the circulating storage area until the first quantum object reaches the junction connecting the circulating storage area to a data bus confinement path where one or more quantum operation positions are defined. For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of the voltage source 50 so that the potential of the confinement device causes the quantum objects in the circulating storage area to move simultaneously around the circulating storage area, thereby applying a voltage signal to the DC electrodes (control electrodes) 2320 of the circulating storage area.

[0183] In step / operation 2208, the controller 30 triggers the transfer of the first quantum object from the circulating storage area to the first quantum operation location. For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of the voltage source 50 so that a voltage signal is applied to the control electrode 216, such that the potential of the confinement device transfers the first quantum object from the circulating storage area to the first quantum operation location.

[0184] In step / operation 2210, the controller 30 causes a quantum operation to be performed on a first quantum object at a first quantum operation location. For example, the controller 30 may control one or more operation sources 64 to inject one or more operation signals onto the first quantum object (and possibly another quantum object) located at the first quantum operation location in order to cause a quantum operation to be performed on the first quantum object. In another example, the controller 30 controls one or more magnetic field generators 70 to cause the first quantum object (and possibly another quantum object) located at the first quantum operation location to perceive a magnetic field gradient in order to cause a quantum operation to be performed on the first quantum object.

[0185] In step / operation 2212, the controller 30 determines the destination location for the first quantum object. In some cases, the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved from the first quantum operation location to a second cyclic storage area. For example, after the execution of a quantum operation at the first quantum operation location, the controller 30 may decide whether to (a) keep the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location, (b) move the first quantum object to a second / different quantum operation location, (c) move the first quantum object to a cache confinement site (selected by the controller 30), (d) move the first quantum object to a cyclic storage area, or (e) move the first quantum object to a different storage area, such as a second cyclic storage area. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the destination location is selected from the group including (a) a first quantum operation location, (b) a second / different quantum operation location, (c) a specified and / or selected cache confinement site, (d) a cyclic storage area, and (e) a different storage area such as a second cyclic storage area.

[0186] In step / operation 2214, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object to the location to which the first quantum object should be moved. For example, if the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to an identified and / or selected cache confinement site, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object to the identified and / or selected cache confinement site. If the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be moved to a second quantum operation location or to a storage area, the controller 30 moves the first quantum object to either the second quantum operation location or the storage area. If the controller 30 determines that the first quantum object should be kept at the first quantum operation location, the controller 30 keeps the first quantum object at the first quantum operation location.

[0187] For example, the controller 30 may schedule one or more executable instructions to be performed by a controller driver element configured to control the operation of a voltage source 50 so as to apply a voltage signal to the control electrode 216, such that the potential of the confinement device moves the first quantum object to a destination location determined with respect to the first quantum object. For example, the voltage signal applied to the control electrode 216 may cause the first quantum object to remain at the first quantum operation location or to move it to one of the following: a second quantum operation location, a specified and / or selected cache confinement site, or a storage area.

[0188] Next, referring to Figure 23, a quantum object confinement device 2300 is shown. The quantum object confinement device 2300 includes a circulating storage area 2305 coupled to a data bus confinement passage 2310 via a junction 2315. In the embodiment shown in Figure 23, the circulating storage area 2305 has a generally circular shape, but any preferred (closed) shape may be used. In the embodiment of Figure 23, the data bus confinement passage 2310 protrudes outward from the circulating storage area 2305.

[0189] The quantum object confinement device 2300 in Figure 23 includes an RF electrode 2325 that provides radial confinement in a circulating storage area 2305 and an RF electrode 2335 that provides radial confinement in a data bus confinement passage 2310. The circulating storage area 2305 includes a DC electrode 2320 that provides axial confinement and allows for the transport of ions circulating within the circulating storage area 2305. The data bus confinement passage 2310 includes a DC electrode 2330 that provides axial confinement and allows for the transport of ions within the data bus confinement passage 2310.

[0190] During the operation, multiple quantum objects (not shown) are stored in the circulating storage area 2305 of the quantum object confinement device 2300 in Figure 23, in preparation for the execution of one or more quantum operations on the quantum objects stored in the circulating storage area. A voltage signal is broadcast to the electrodes of the circulating storage area 2305 to simultaneously transport the quantum objects around the circulating storage area 2305 until the desired quantum object reaches the junction 2315. When the desired quantum object reaches the junction 2315, the desired quantum object is transported through the junction 2315 to the data bus confinement passage 2310 and generally to the quantum operation location (not shown) to enable the execution of quantum operations on the desired quantum object.

[0191] The DC electrode 2320 of the circulating storage area 2305 has three different patterns (parallel lines, crossing lines, and dots) that indicate a shift register. This allows for the use of only three signals, one for each pattern, which are broadcast to the DC electrode 2320 to capture multiple wells and enable controlled rotation of the storage wells.

[0192] [Conclusion] Many modifications, improvements, and other embodiments of the invention described herein will come to mind to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, benefiting from the teachings presented in the above description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the invention should not be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. While specific terminology is used herein, these terms are used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for limiting purposes. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0193] 5 Quantum objects 5A Quantum body, the first quantum body 5B Quantum bodies, the second quantum body 10 Computing Entities 20. Wired or wireless network 30 controllers 40 Cryostat and / or vacuum chamber 50 Voltage source 64 Operation source 64A operation source 64B Operation source 64C operation source 66 Beam paths 66A Beam Path 66B beam path 66C beam path 70 Magnetic field generator 70A magnetic field generator, internal magnetic field generator 70B Magnetic field generator, external magnetic field generator 80 Light Collection System 100 Systems 110 Quantum Computers 115 Quantum Processors 200 Confinement devices, quantum object confinement devices, atomic object confinement devices 210 Data bus confinement pathway, data bus confinement region 212 RF electrode 212 Symmetrical RF electrodes, bus RF electrodes, passage RF electrodes 212A RF electrode, bus RF electrode 212B RF electrode, bus RF electrode 214 Control electrodes 214A Control electrode 214B Control electrode 214C control electrode 215 Bus axis 216 Longitudinal electrodes, control electrodes 218 Quantum operation position 218A Quantum operation position 218B Quantum operation position 220 cache confinement sites, confinement areas 220A Cache Entrapment Site 220B cache lock-in sites 222 RF electrodes, symmetrical RF electrodes, cache site RF electrodes 222A RF electrode, symmetric RF electrode, cache site RF electrode 222B RF electrode, symmetric RF electrode, cache site RF electrode 224 Control electrodes 224A Control electrode 224B Control electrode 224C control electrode 225 Site axis 230 Joint 300 Confinement devices 310 Data bus confinement passage 310A First data bus confinement passage 310B Second data bus confinement passage 318 Quantum operation position 318A Quantum operation position 318G Quantum operation position 318N Quantum operation position 320 Cache Lockdown Sites 320A~320J Cache Entrapment Sites 330 Storage Area 330A Storage Area, First Storage Area 330B Storage Area, Second Storage Area 332 Storage bus confinement passage 400 Confinement device 410 Data bus confinement passage 410A First data bus confinement passage 410B Second data bus confinement passage 418 Quantum operation position 418A~418N Quantum operation position 420 cache-locked sites 420A~420J Cache Entrapment Sites 430 Storage Area 430A Storage Area, First Storage Area 430B Storage Area, Second Storage Area 430C storage area, circulating storage area 432 Storage bus confinement passage 500 Confinement devices 510 Data bus confinement passage 510A First data bus confinement passage 510B Second data bus confinement passage 518 Quantum operation position 518A~518N Quantum operation position 520 Cache Lockdown Sites 520A~520M Cache Entrapment Sites 530 Storage area, bulk storage area 530A Storage Area, First Storage Area 530B Storage Area, Second Storage Area 532 Storage bus confinement passage, storage area confinement passage 600 Confinement device 610 Data bus confinement passage 610A First data bus confinement passage 610B Second data bus confinement passage 618 Quantum operation position 630 storage area, circulating storage area 632 Storage bus confinement passage 632A Storage bus containment passage, first storage containment passage 632B Storage bus containment passage, second storage containment passage 632C Third storage containment passage 634 Joint 636 sort-confined sites 636A Sort Confinement Site 636B Sort Confinement Site 700 Confinement device 710A First data bus confinement passage 710B Second data bus confinement passage 718 Quantum operation position 720 Cache Lockdown Sites 730 Storage Area 732 Storage bus confinement passage 736 sort-confining sites 912 Source location 914 Destination location 916 Transfer Route 1005 Processing device 1010 memory 1015 Driver Controller Element 1020 Communication Interface 1025 Analog-to-Digital Converter 1104 Transmitter 1106 Receiver 1108 Processing Device 1112 Antenna 1116 Display 1118 Keypad 1120 Network Interface 1122 Volatile storage or memory 1124 Non-volatile storage or memory 1200 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1205 Circulating storage area 1210 Data bus confinement passage 1215 Joint 1220 Quantum Object 1230A quantum operation position 1230B Quantum operation position 1300 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1305 Circulating storage area 1310A Data bus confinement passage 1310B Data bus confinement passage 1315 Joint 1330A~1330D Quantum operation position 1400 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1405 Circulating storage area 1410A Data bus confinement passage 1410B Data bus confinement passage 1415A Joint 1415B Joint 1430A~1430D Quantum operation position 1500 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1505A~1505D Circulating Storage Area 1510 Data bus confinement passage 1530A~1530C Quantum operation position 1600 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1605A~1605C Circulating storage area 1610A~1610C Data bus confinement passage 1615A~1615C Main joint 1630A~1630C Quantum operation position 1635A Secondary joint 1635B Secondary joint 1700 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1705 Circulating storage area 1710 Lattice 1800 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1805A First circulating storage area 1805B Second circulating storage area 1810 Data bus confinement passage 1815A Joint 1815B Joint 1820A Quantum Object 1820B Quantum Object 1830A quantum operation position 1830B Quantum operation position 1900 Quantum Object Confinement Device 1905 Circulating storage area 1910 Data bus confinement passage 1915 Joint 1920A Quantum Object 1920B Quantum Object 1930A 1930B Quantum operation position 1945 Straight storage area 2000 Quantum Object Confinement Device 2005 Circulating storage area 2010 Data bus confinement passage 2015 Joint 2020 Quantum Object 2050A Quantum Swap Position 2050B quantum swap position 2100 Quantum object confinement apparatus 2105 Circulating storage area 2110 Data bus confinement path 2115 Junction 2120 Quantum object 2155A to 2155D Quantum object 2300 Quantum object confinement apparatus 2305 Circulating storage area 2310 Data bus confinement path 2315 Junction 2320 Control electrode, DC electrode 2325 RF electrode 2330 DC electrode 2335 RF electrode

Claims

1. One or more data bus confinement passages, each of the one or more data bus confinement passages being defined at least partially by the respective passage sequences of control electrodes, each of the one or more data bus confinement passages being configured for the transport of one or more quantum objects along the one or more data bus confinement passages, and at least one of the one or more data bus confinement passages being configured to provide access to, or at least partially define, the one or more quantum operation locations configured for the execution of one or more quantum operations on one or more quantum objects at one or more quantum operation locations, One or more circulating storage bus confinement passages, each of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is defined at least partially by a circulating sequence of control electrodes, and each of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is connected to one or more data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, so that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circulating storage bus confinement passages, and each of the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages is connected to one or more respective data bus confinement passages via one or more junctions, and the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages are configured for the simultaneous transport of the multiple stored quantum objects along the one or more circulating storage bus confinement passages, for transporting the multiple stored quantum objects to one of the one or more junctions, so that one or more quantum objects may be transported from one or more data bus confinement passages to one or more respective circulating storage bus confinement passages, and for transporting the multiple stored quantum objects to one of the one or more data bus confinement passages, for transporting the multiple stored quantum objects to one of the one or more junctions, A quantum object confinement device, including one.

2. To cause the simultaneous transport of the plurality of stored quantum objects in a first direction along each of the circulating storage bus confinement passages, the same first analog signal is applied to each of the control electrodes of the circulating sequence of control electrodes of each of the circulating storage bus confinement passages. The quantum object confinement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the same second analog signal is applied to each of the control electrodes of a circulating sequence of control electrodes of each of the circulating storage bus confinement passages in order to cause the simultaneous transport of the plurality of stored quantum objects in a second direction opposite to the first direction along each of the circulating storage bus confinement passages.

3. The one or more circulating storage bus containment passages include at least a first circulating storage bus containment passage and a second circulating storage bus containment passage, The quantum object confinement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first circulating storage bus confinement passage is connected to the first end of each data bus confinement passage, and the second circulating storage bus confinement passage is connected to the second end of each data bus confinement passage.

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