Floats, float assemblies, float adapters and interfaces, float vibrators, and grooving devices, as well as methods.

Abstract

To provide a concrete float, a float assembly, a float adapter and interface, and a float vibrator and a float vibration method.SOLUTION: This concrete float has an improved surface and a structure for controlling flowing of ready-mixed concrete. The interface inclusive in a quick fitting / releasing structure can be integrated on the float and / or added onto the float for quickly fitting / releasing a pivot assembly. The adaptor can facilitate assembly fitting or releasing, or may be a mutual engagement element of a slide-type joint or the like as a mutual engagement element. Alternatively, the adaptor can be used for installing the assembly under tension and securing the assembly.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-Reference to Related Applications) This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 256,030, filed on November 16, 2015, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 289,241, filed on January 30, 2016, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 289,904, filed on February 1, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 289,909, filed on February 1, 2016, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] (Background) (Field) The present invention relates to concrete floats, concrete float assemblies, adapters and interfaces for concrete floats, float vibrators, grooving apparatuses, and methods related to the foregoing. [Summary of the Invention] [Means for Solving the Problems]

[0003] (Abstract) One embodiment of a float vibrator for a concrete float includes a vibration generator positioned below a horizontal plane, the vibration generator containing a shaft used to pivot the float device. In one embodiment, the float vibrator has a central axis below the pivot shaft, and in another embodiment, all components used to generate vibration are positioned below the pivot shaft. In another embodiment, vibration within the float vibrator is generated at approximately 6,000 RPM.

[0004] In another embodiment of the pivoting or floating device, the pivoting and / or floating device may include a user display to show one or more parameters for the floating device. In one embodiment, where the floating device includes a vibration generator, the display may show the frequency and / or amplitude of the vibration, and within a battery power unit, the display may also, or alternatively, be used to show the battery level.

[0005] One embodiment of the interface between a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and a pivot array or assembly for use with a concrete finishing tool such as a float or grooving device, includes a quick-attach / release mechanism. In some configurations, the quick-attach / release mechanism or adapter can be passive, and in other configurations, the quick-attach / release mechanism or adapter can be active. As used herein, “passive” means that once the mechanism or adapter for attaching the concrete finishing tool to the pivot array or assembly is aligned and ready to be secured, no manual action by the user is required to complete the securing. As used herein, “active” means that once the mechanism or adapter for attaching the concrete finishing tool to the pivot array or assembly is aligned and ready to be secured, manual action by the user is required not only to initiate the securing but also to complete it. Such active securing may include screwing in fasteners, operating cam locks, inserting and securing pins, inserting cotter pins, setting and securing latches, and equivalents.

[0006] In some configurations of quick-mount / release mechanisms or adapters, and thus of longitudinally extending interlocking elements, once positioned or aligned for final locking, movement of the interlocking elements may be restricted, limited, or prevented in a plane parallel to the float or grooving device, while simultaneously restricting, limiting, or preventing movement of the interlocking elements away from the float or grooving device (away from the plane parallel to the float or grooving device). Such restriction, limitation, or prevention of movement may be performed by some mechanisms or configurations, including but not restriction, dovetail grooves, asymmetric surfaces, magnetic components, return stops, bayonet mounts, overcenter structures, or equivalents. Such restriction, limitation, or prevention of movement may be performed before locking, or without complete locking of fasteners, locks, latches, slides, pins, or equivalents. In one embodiment, the quick-attach / release mechanism may include a longitudinally extending interlocking element that engages with, for example, one or more complementary structures and can be used to assemble a float or grooved device and a pivot assembly. The longitudinally extending interlocking element may be asymmetrical with respect to its longitudinal axis. In one configuration, the longitudinally extending interlocking element may be assembled by sliding the engaging element within a complementary component. In another configuration, the longitudinally extending interlocking element may be implemented by inserting the engaging element laterally and then fixing it laterally, for example, by moving a complementary wall laterally and fixing the engaging element in place.

[0007] In another embodiment of the interface between the concrete float or grooving device and the pivot assembly, the interface may be fixed to adjacent components by placing the interface under tension. In one embodiment, the interface elements are interlocking elements, interlocking with complementary components, and complementary and interlocking elements placed under tension, for example, using threaded fasteners or fasteners, cam arrangements, or other mechanisms. In further embodiments, the complementary and interlocking elements may extend longitudinally from each other and may be slidably engaged with each other. In one embodiment, they may have a dovetail configuration or other grooving arrangement. By using interlocking elements, structures or other configurations may be included to facilitate the alignment of the interlocking elements for easier assembly, such as entry walls, chutes, or convergence inlets.

[0008] In embodiments of the pivot assembly, which can be used in conjunction with a concrete float or grooved device, the pivot assembly may, in one embodiment, include a support tube having one or more recesses, cavities, or grooves for receiving a user's thumb or finger to engage and disengage a retainer for easier removal of the support from the support tube. In another embodiment of the pivot assembly, the pivot assembly may include a gear having a gear ratio of about 3.5:1 or at least 2:1, allowing the pivot assembly to move through its expected range of motion, for example, by one or less of a rotation of the support. Using a 3.5:1 gear ratio, the pivot can move through its expected range of motion in about a quarter of a rotation of the support. In another embodiment, the pivot assembly may include a display to indicate the battery status of one or more components of the float device, for example, the vibrating device.

[0009] In embodiments of adapters and interfaces for concrete tools, such as floats or grooving devices, the adapters and interfaces may be used to enable any tool, such as a float or grooving device, to be mounted on any pivot assembly, or vice versa. In addition, the adapters and interfaces may also be used to enable easy or rapid attachment and / or removal of the pivot assembly from the tool. Interfaces and adapter-integrated interfaces may be passive or active, and they may be configured to limit, restrict, or prevent the movement of the adapter in a plane parallel to the float or grooving device, while simultaneously limiting, restricting, or preventing the movement of the adapter away from the float or grooving device (away from the plane parallel to the float or grooving device). In one embodiment, the interface includes first and second opposing components, the first component configured to be mounted on a tool, either removably or permanently, and the second component configured to be mounted on a pivot assembly, either removably or permanently, the pivot assembly being, for example, a conventional pivot assembly used to operate and control a tool. In one configuration, the first component is configured to be fixed to the tool, such as a float or grooving device, sufficiently to allow reliable handling and retention of the tool of the pivot assembly during normal operation, and in some embodiments, a distributed mounting structure may be included. In one embodiment, the distributed mounting structure may be a two-point mounting configuration, the first component being fixed to the tool at at least two, and optionally more, points, and two or more points being supported by a framework, which is a structural support for other means of supporting the tool through the first component. A three-point mounting structure is sufficient to define a plane between three points, and the plane may include a plane or laterally extending plate for mounting to a tool, such as a float or grooving device, or a pyramidal structure extending from the plane between the three points or other geometric shapes may be used to provide the structure to the first component.In the embodiments illustrated herein, a four-point mounting structure is used for the first component, since many conventional floats have an existing four-point mounting structure and the existing mounting configuration can be used to mount the first component to the float. The first component may include a planar or plate structure to be mounted to the float, and the planar or plate structure can provide the desired strength and reliability for mounting. In one embodiment of the first component, the first component may include a male interlocking structure for receiving a complementary female interlocking structure, and in another embodiment of the first component, the first component may include a female interlocking structure for receiving a complementary male interlocking structure. Various means may be provided for fastening the interlocking structures to each other. The first component may be either a float or a grooving device interface as described herein, and the first component may be used in combination with any of the second component structures described herein, including any of the pivot assembly interfaces as described herein.

[0010] In one configuration of a second component, which can be used in conjunction with either the first component or the float or grooving device interface as described herein, the second component is configured to be securely fixed to a pivot assembly and / or vibrating assembly to enable reliable support and control of a float to which it is attached, for example, which will be removably mounted. The second component can be any component configured to be mounted to a pivot assembly and / or vibrating assembly for use with a concrete tool, such as a concrete float or grooving device. In one embodiment of the second component, the second component can be removably or permanently mounted to a pivot assembly or vibrating assembly for use with a concrete float or grooving device, and also includes a mounting structure that can be mounted on a tool, such as a complementary structure on a float or grooving device, such as a complementary structure on the first component or interface, such as those described herein. Possible complementary structures include dovetail joint configurations, mortise and tenon joint configurations, clamping of planar components, where the planar components are fastened to each other by columns normal to the planar components, assembled either laterally, forward, or backward, and fastened by pins, cover plates, or other fasteners, such as cotter pins, cam plates, and drive plates, where the planar components are fastened to each other by cam locking arrays, and other complementary structures that may include clamping of planar components having one or more asymmetrical surfaces, magnetic or latching, spring load return retaining components, overcenter latches or latches and column or boss retaining components, bayonet mounts, expandable plates with locking parts, notches, or tooth structures facing each other and fastened by pins or other fasteners, and similar complementary geometric shapes.

[0011] First and second components for use in coupling a pivoting assembly or vibrating assembly to a concrete tool, such as a float or grooving device, can be used together as an assembly, for example, a kit or assembly, which can be used to connect a conventional concrete float to a conventional pivoting assembly or vibrating assembly. The first and second components may have interfaces that allow them to engage with each other or to be coupled together, so that the pivoting assembly or vibrating assembly can be used to support and control a concrete float to which one of the first and second components is attached. The first component may be configured to be mountable on a concrete float, and the second component may be configured to be mountable on a pivoting assembly or vibrating assembly. The first and second components may also be configured to provide quick mounting and quick release capabilities for the assembly, and to allow for easy separation of the concrete float from the pivoting assembly or vibrating assembly.

[0012] Embodiments of concrete floats are also described. In one embodiment, the concrete float includes a first longitudinally extending surface configured to contact a concrete surface and a second longitudinally extending surface configured to contact another portion of the concrete surface, the float including a concave surface between the first and second longitudinally extending surfaces. In one configuration, when the first and second surfaces contact individual portions of the concrete surface, the portion of the concave surface is separated from the adjacent concrete surface portion, even if the concave surface portion may indirectly contact the adjacent concrete due to moisture or epithelium formed on the concrete surface. In one configuration, the concrete float has only the first and second longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces, while in other configurations, the concrete float may have more than two longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces, with individual concave surfaces accompanying adjacent pairs of concrete contact surfaces. In another configuration, the curvature of the concave surface may be symmetrical between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, for example, such that the depth of the concave surface is maximum midway between the first and second concrete contact surfaces; in another configuration, the curvature of the concave surface may be asymmetrical between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, such that the depth of the concrete surface is maximum closer to one or the other of the first and second contact surfaces. In a concrete float having two or more longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces and one or more concave surfaces, each concave surface may have the same curvature as the other concave surfaces, or the curvature of one concave surface may differ from the curvature of another concave surface. In each of the above configurations of a concrete float having a concave surface, one of the first and second longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces may be considered the proximal contact surface to the user as the user pushes or pulls the float laterally relative to the longitudinally extending float, and the other may be considered the distal contact surface.

[0013] In another embodiment of the concrete float, the concrete float has first and second longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces, the first contact surface being a proximal contact surface and the second contact surface being a distal contact surface. The proximal contact surface is the surface on the float closer to the user when the float is used against the distal contact surface which lies on a portion of the float beyond the proximal contact surface opposite the user. The distal contact surface precedes the proximal contact surface when the float is pushed away from the user, and the proximal contact surface precedes the distal contact surface when the float is pushed toward the user. The float further includes a concave surface between the proximal and distal contact surfaces. The float further includes a proximal edge that extends longitudinally adjacent to the proximal contact surface, the proximal edge may include a rounded or curved surface, or may be an edge that reduces the possibility of cutting into the concrete surface with an upward and proximal wall at an angle greater than the radius. The proximal edge may extend away from the concrete contact surface by a distance approximately equal to the material thickness of the float, or it may extend away from the concrete contact surface by a distance exceeding the material thickness of the float, for example, half an inch or an inch or more. After a rounded or curved surface or an angled ramp surface, the proximal edge may extend either perpendicular to the concrete or at some angle, and the proximal edge may extend away from the concrete surface in a straight line, along a curve, or in a combination of straight and curved surfaces. The float may include a distal edge adjacent to the distal contact surface, which may be a faceless edge, an angled edge, or a rounded or curved edge, or may have other geometric shapes. For example, it is useful to have a distal edge configured to reduce the amount of upward creep of the epithelium along the surface of the distal edge due to surface tension, and to encourage the epithelium to flow from the distal edge onto the concrete surface.

[0014] Another embodiment of an accessory for concrete finishing tools includes a removable structure for concrete floats, such as an end cap. The end cap is configured to be directly engageable with the float and may have a weight and / or geometric shape that can influence vibrations within the float, for example, which may be induced by a vibration source. The end cap may be formed from industrial plastic, or from rubber, silicone, or other preferred material.

[0015] The method for finishing concrete and the procedure for assembling the apparatus for finishing concrete can take several configurations. In one configuration, the concrete is finished using a float having a bottom surface facing the concrete surface, with a first surface in contact with the concrete surface, a second surface in contact with the concrete surface, and a concave surface between the first and second surfaces. In one configuration, the concave surface extends laterally to the float. In another configuration, the float has multiple concave surfaces, in one embodiment each of which extends laterally to the float, and in another embodiment the multiple concave surfaces are distributed across the float surface between the concrete contact surfaces.

[0016] In another configuration, the concrete is finished using a float having a bottom surface facing the concrete surface, the float being moved distally and proximally away from and toward the user, the float including a proximal edge having an upward-extending surface extending away from the concrete surface, the upward-extending surface being either a curved surface or an angled surface extending at an angle of at least 10° from the concrete surface, the float including a distal edge having an outward-extending surface extending away from the concrete surface, the upward-extending surface of the distal edge extending at an angle of at least 30° from the concrete surface. In one configuration, the outward-extending surface of the distal edge extends at approximately 90° from the concrete surface. In one configuration, the float includes a concave surface between the proximal and distal edges, and the concrete surface is finished using the float with the concave surface facing the concrete surface. In a further configuration, the concrete surface is finished with the proximal edge facing the user after the float has been pivoted 180°, and after the concrete is finished, the proximal edge faces away from the user.

[0017] In another configuration, concrete is finished using a float with a fluid nozzle on top of the float, and the fluid is applied to the concrete surface. In one configuration, water is sprayed onto the concrete surface from a nozzle on the float. In yet another configuration, concrete is finished using a float with a light source supported on the float.

[0018] In a further embodiment of concrete finishing, the apparatus for use in finishing concrete includes an interface component that combines a concrete finishing tool and a pivot assembly by the user moving the interface component laterally relative to the concrete finishing apparatus and combining the concrete finishing apparatus and the pivot assembly. In one embodiment, the user moves the interface component substantially parallel to the plane of the finishing surface within the concrete finishing apparatus, for example, a plane parallel to the bottom of the float. In one embodiment, the user combines the concrete finishing apparatus and the pivot assembly using a channel, groove, mortise configuration, dovetail configuration, or similar engagement configuration.

[0019] In a further embodiment of concrete finishing, the apparatus for use in finishing concrete includes an interface component that allows the user to combine a concrete finishing tool and a pivot assembly by using passive fastening. In one embodiment, the user combines the concrete finishing tool and the pivot assembly by using a magnetic field, a detent, a motorized fastening which can be activated by the user but whose fastening is completed by motorized fastening, or one or more of the aforementioned combinations. Combining the concrete finishing tool and the pivot assembly using passive fastening can be complemented by additional fastening methods, including but not limited to fasteners, latches, locks, cam locks, slide locks, clamps, pins, and equivalents. In any embodiment of the interface component described herein, the interface component may be integrated with the finishing tool or pivot assembly, or may be detachably attached in the form of an adapter or a set of adapters.

[0020] In a further embodiment of concrete finishing, the concrete finishing assembly includes a vibrating device with a central axis, the assembly including a pivot device having a pivot axis, the pivot axis being located at a first distance from the working surface of the concrete finishing tool, e.g., the bottom of a float, and the vibrating central axis being at a second distance less than the first distance from the working surface. The user finishes the concrete using vibrations generated from the vibrating axis closer to the working surface of the concrete finishing tool. In the first and second distance embodiments, the first and second distances are determined by the normal to the working surface. In one embodiment, the vibrating device includes an eccentric lobe that rotates on a shaft concentric with the central axis. In another embodiment, the vibrating device is supported on the distal pivot of the pivot axis.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the concrete finish, the concrete finish assembly includes a concrete finish tool supported on a pivot assembly, and the user moves the concrete finish tool within an angular range of motion by applying a quarter turn to a handle for the pivot assembly. In one embodiment, the pivot gear assembly within the pivot assembly includes a gear ratio of at least 2:1, and in another embodiment, 3.5:1. The present invention provides, for example, the following: (Item 1) A longitudinally extending concrete finishing tool, the tool comprising a finishing surface on a first side of the tool and a longitudinally extending tool interface component integrated with the finishing tool on a second side of the tool, wherein the interface component is configured such that a non-screw engagement between the tool interface component and a meshing interface component from a pivot device limits the movement of the meshing interface component away from the finishing surface. (Item 2) The tool interface component includes a passive interface component, as described in item 1. (Item 3) The tool interface component includes a component associated with a magnetic field, as described in any of the above items. (Item 4) The tool according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the tool interface component comprises at least one detent configuration. (Item 5) The tool according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the tool interface component comprises a surface extending at an angle at least partially upwardly. (Item 6) The tool according to Item 5, wherein the at least partially upwardly angled extending surface comprises a straight wall. (Item 7) The tool according to Item 6, wherein the straight wall extends at an angle relative to the finished surface. (Item 8) The tool according to Item 6, wherein the straight wall extends substantially parallel to the finished surface. (Item 9) The tool according to Item 6, wherein the at least partially upwardly angled extending surface comprises a curved surface. (Item 10) The tool according to any one of the preceding items, further comprising at least one of a threaded fastener, a pin, a detent, a slide lock, a pressure plate, a cotter pin, a twist lock, or a lever for securing the tool interface component and the engagement interface component. (Item 11) The tool according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the tool interface component is configured such that the engagement interface component engages with the tool interface component by moving the engagement interface component substantially parallel relative to the finished surface. (Item 12) The tool according to Item 11, wherein the interface component comprises a dovetail portion. (Item 13) The tool according to Item 12, wherein the dovetail portion comprises a surface extending at an angle at least partially upwardly. (Item 14) The tool according to Item 13, wherein the at least partially upwardly angled extending surface is both substantially straight and flat. (Item 15) The tool interface component includes an asymmetric cavity, as described in item 11. (Item 16) The tool according to item 15, wherein the asymmetric cavity includes at least one inclined wall. (Item 17) The concrete finishing tool is at least one of a concrete float and a grooving device, as described in any of the above items. (Item 18) A tool in the form of a concrete float, having an upper surface and a finishing surface opposite to the upper surface, wherein the finishing surface includes a first surface for contacting the concrete surface to be finished and a second surface for contacting the concrete to be finished, a portion of the finishing surface positioned between the first surface and the second surface, and a portion of the finishing surface being concave. (Item 19) The float extends in the longitudinal direction, and the concave surface extends in the longitudinal direction, as described in item 18. (Item 20) The float is a tool as described in any of items 18-19, comprising a plurality of concave surfaces. (Item 21) The tool according to any of items 18-20, wherein the float further includes a first gradient surface extending away from the first surface for contacting the concrete surface, and a second angled surface extending away from the second surface for contacting the concrete surface. (Item 22) The aforementioned first gradient surface is curved using the tool described in item 21. (Item 23) The tool according to any one of items 21-22, wherein the second angled surface extends at an angle of at least 30° with respect to the finished surface. (Item 24) The second angled surface extends at an angle of approximately 90° with respect to the finished surface, as described in any of items 21-23. (Item 25) The concave finishing surface is a tool described in any of items 18-24, with a radius of curvature of approximately 500 inches. (Item 26) The tool described in any of items 18-25, wherein when the float is installed on the concrete surface, the maximum distance from a point on the concave finished surface to the concrete surface, and in the direction normal thereto, is approximately 0.0115 inches. (Item 27) A concave finishing surface includes curvature, the curvature of which is configured to pull the concrete surface along the concave finishing surface by surface tension, as described in any of items 18-26. (Item 28) A tool in the form of a concrete float, having an upper surface, a concrete finished surface opposite to the upper surface, and a first edge extending laterally from the float, wherein the first wall is concave when viewed from the outside of the float. (Item 29) The tool according to item 28, wherein the first edge includes an end wall that extends substantially perpendicular to the finished surface and upward relative to the first wall of the concave surface. (Item 30) The tool according to any one of items 28-29, further comprising a substantially flat surface extending laterally from the first wall of the concave surface inward over a portion of the upper surface. (Item 31) The tool according to any of the above items, further comprising at least one end cap positioned on the end of the tool. (Item 32) The tool according to item 31, further comprising a distal margin and a proximal margin, wherein the end cap engages with and extends between the distal margin and the proximal margin. (Item 33) The tool is one of the tools described in any of items 31-32, wherein the tool includes reinforcing walls, and the end caps engage with a plurality of the reinforcing walls. (Item 34) The end cap includes a wall defining a cavity, the wall in contact with a complementary surface within the tool, as described in any of items 31-33. (Item 35) The tool according to any one of items 31-34, wherein the at least one end cap is formed from fiber-reinforced plastic. (Item 36) The tool according to any of the above items, further comprising at least one of a light source and a fluid source supported on the tool. (Item 37) An end cap for a concrete-finished float, comprising a substantially planar surface that is sized to extend from the proximal portion of the float to the distal portion of the float, and a plurality of walls that extend away from the substantially planar surface and are configured to engage with adjacent portions of the float surface located between the proximal and distal portions of the float. (Item 38) The end cap according to item 37, further comprising at least one wall defining a cavity, wherein the wall defining the cavity is configured to extend into a channel within the float. (Item 39) The end cap is formed from fiber-reinforced plastic, as described in any of items 37-38. (Item 40) An end cap as described in any of items 37-39, further including a nearly straight bottom wall. (Item 41) An end cap as described in item 37-40, mounted on a tool as described in any of items 1-36. (Item 42) A pivot assembly for controlling a concrete finishing device, the pivot assembly comprising a handle mounting portion, a pivot shaft extending laterally from the pivot assembly, and an interface component on substantially opposite the handle mounting portion to the pivot shaft, wherein the interface component is configured such that alignment and jointing with a complementary surface on a complementary interface component on the concrete finishing device limits the movement of the pivot assembly away from the concrete finishing device. (Item 43) The pivot assembly according to item 42, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a passive interface component. (Item 44) The pivot assembly according to any one of items 42-43, wherein the pivot assembly interface includes a component comprising at least one of a magnetic field and a detent configuration. (Item 45) The pivot assembly according to any one of items 42-44, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a surface that extends at least partially upward and at an angle. (Item 46) The pivot assembly according to item 45, wherein the surface extending at least partially upward and at an angle includes a straight wall. (Item 47) The pivot assembly according to item 46, wherein the straight wall extends at a certain angle with respect to the pivot axis. (Item 48) The pivot assembly according to any of items 42-47, wherein the pivot assembly interface component is configured such that an interlocking interface component on a concrete finishing tool engages with the pivot assembly interface component by moving substantially parallel to the pivot axis. (Item 49) The pivot assembly according to item 48, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a channel for receiving a dovetail component. (Item 50) The pivot assembly according to any one of items 42-47, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a structure having converging angled surfaces. (Item 51) The pivot assembly according to item 50, wherein the converging angled surface extends laterally to the pivot assembly. (Item 52) The pivot assembly according to item 50, wherein the converging angled surface extends laterally along the angled surface in a direction substantially nonparallel to the pivot axis. (Item 53) The pivot assembly according to item 50, wherein the converging angled surface extends laterally along the angled surface in a direction substantially perpendicular to the pivot axis. (Item 54) A pivot assembly according to any one of items 42-53, further comprising a vibrating device supported by the pivot assembly. (Item 55) The vibrating device is a pivot assembly according to item 54, which includes a vibration center axis located on the same side as the pivot assembly interface component of the pivot axis. (Item 56) The vibrating device includes an eccentric lobe configured to rotate about the vibration center axis, as described in item 55, for the pivot assembly. (Item 57) A pivot assembly according to any one of items 42-56, further comprising an information display supported on the pivot assembly. (Item 58) The pivot assembly described in item 57, wherein the information display is configured to display the remaining battery charge. (Item 59) A pivot assembly as described in any of items 42-56, which is fixed to a tool as described in any of items 1-36. (Item 60) A pivot assembly for controlling a concrete finishing device, the pivot assembly comprising a handle mounting portion, a pivot shaft extending laterally from the pivot assembly, and a vibrating device having a vibration center axis on the side of the pivot shaft opposite to the handle mounting portion. (Item 61) The pivot assembly described in item 60, wherein the vibration center axis extends substantially parallel to the pivot axis. (Item 62) The pivot assembly according to any one of items 60-61, further comprising means for attaching the pivot assembly to a concrete finishing tool, wherein the means for attaching includes a surface defining a plane, and the nearest distance from the vibration center axis to the plane is less than the nearest distance from the pivot axis to the plane. (Item 63) The vibrating device is a pivot assembly according to any one of items 60-62, comprising an eccentric lobe configured for rotation about the vibration center axis. (Item 64) The vibrating device is a pivot assembly according to any one of items 60-63, which produces vibration by a rotating device configured to rotate at at least 5,000 RPM. (Item 65) The vibrating device is a pivot assembly according to any of items 60-64, which produces vibration by rotating a device configured to rotate at 5,700-6,700 RPM. (Item 66) A pivot assembly according to any one of items 60-65, further comprising a support tube for receiving a support, the support tube including a recess adjacent to an opening for receiving a stopper. (Item 67) The pivot assembly described in any of items 60-66, wherein the pivot assembly includes a range of pivot motion, and the pivot assembly is configured to transition the range of pivot motion through a quarter turn of the support column. (Item 68) A pivot assembly as described in any of items 60-67, which is fixed to a tool as described in any of items 1-36. (Item 69) A method for finishing concrete, comprising the step of moving a vertically extending float across a concrete surface, such that a portion of the float finish surface is in contact with the concrete surface, and the concave surface faces the concrete surface and is positioned adjacent to the portion of the float finish surface that is in contact with the concrete surface. (Item 70) The method according to item 69, wherein the concave surface extends in the longitudinal direction, and the float is moved laterally relative to the float that extends in the longitudinal direction. (Item 71) The method according to any one of items 69-70, comprising a plurality of concave surfaces facing the concrete surface, wherein the float is moved laterally relative to the vertically extending float. (Item 72) The method according to item 71, wherein the plurality of concave surfaces extend in the longitudinal direction, and the float is moved laterally relative to the float that extends in the longitudinal direction. (Item 73) The method according to item 71, wherein the plurality of concave surfaces are distributed over a portion of the float-finished surface, and the floats are moved laterally relative to the longitudinally extending floats. (Item 74) The method according to any one of items 69-73, further comprising the steps of moving the float distally while a first float contact surface is in contact with the concrete surface, and moving the float proximal while the first float contact surface and the second float contact surface are in contact with the concrete surface. (Item 75) The float includes a distal edge that extends at an angle of at least 30° away from the concrete surface when the float is flat on the concrete surface, and the float is moved distally with the distal edge raised, according to any one of items 69-74. (Item 76) The float includes a proximal edge having an upward-extending surface that extends away from the concrete surface, wherein the upward-extending surface is either a curved surface or an angled surface that extends at an angle of at least 10° from the concrete surface, and the float is moved proximal while the float is flat with respect to the concrete surface, according to any one of items 69-75. (Item 77) The method according to item 76, wherein the upward-extending surface is a curved surface, and the float is moved distally with the distal edge of the float raised. (Item 78) The method according to item 76, wherein the upward-extending surface is an angled surface extending at an angle of approximately 30° with respect to the concrete surface, and the float is moved proximal while the float position is flat on the concrete surface. (Item 79) A method for finishing concrete using a concrete float, comprising the steps of: moving the concrete float distally and proximal to the concrete surface; pivoting the float through an angle of 180° in a plane parallel to the flat finished surface of the float; and, after pivoting, moving the concrete float distally and proximal to the concrete surface. (Item 80) The method according to item 79, wherein the float includes a raised surface extending upward and away from the distal edge of the float, and the steps include pivoting the float 180° such that the distal edge of the float is below a handle used by an operator, and pulling the float proximal, with the raised surface on the distal edge of the float preceding the float. (Item 81) The method according to any one of items 79-80, comprising the steps of: pivoting the float by 180° such that the float includes an angled surface at its proximal edge and the angled surface is positioned distal to the operator; and pulling the float proximal while the float is flat on the concrete surface. (Item 82) An adapter for mounting to one of a pivot assembly and a concrete finishing tool, the adapter comprising a mounting structure including means for assisting in mounting the adapter to the pivot assembly or the concrete finishing tool, and an interface component fixed to the mounting structure, the interface component being configured such that engagement of the interface component from the other of the pivot assembly or the concrete finishing tool limits the movement of the interface component away from the mounting structure. (Item 83) The interface component includes a passive interface component, as described in item 82. (Item 84) The adapter according to any one of items 82-83, wherein the interface component includes at least one of a component that provides a magnetic field and a component that provides a return stop configuration. (Item 85) The adapter according to any one of items 82-84, wherein the interface component includes a surface that extends at least partially upward and at an angle. (Item 86) The adapter according to item 85, wherein the aforementioned surface extending at least partially upward and at an angle includes a straight wall. (Item 87) The straight wall extends at a certain angle with respect to the mounting structure, as described in item 86. (Item 88) The adapter according to item 85, wherein the surface extending at least partially upward and at an angle includes a curved surface. (Item 89) An adapter according to any of items 82-88, further comprising at least one of threaded fasteners, pins, return stoppers, slide locks, pressure plates, cotter pins, twist locks, or levers for securing the adapter to a structure supporting the meshing interface component. (Item 90) The adapter according to any one of items 82-89, wherein the interface component is configured such that the meshing interface component engages by moving the meshing interface component substantially parallel to the mounting structure. (Item 91) The interface component includes a dovetail joint portion, as described in item 90. (Item 92) The adapter according to item 91, wherein the dovetail portion includes a surface that extends at least partially upward and at an angle. (Item 93) The interface component includes an asymmetric cavity, as described in any of items 82-92. (Item 94) The adapter according to item 93, wherein the asymmetric cavity includes at least one inclined wall. (Item 95) An adapter as described in any of items 82-94, which is attached to the device described in any of items 1-68.

[0022] These and other embodiments are fully described below, together with drawings at a certain scale, with a brief description thereafter. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0023] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows side elevation views of a concrete float assembly, a pivot assembly for a concrete float, and a vibrating assembly for a concrete float, with the interface between the assembly and the float. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is an upper left front isometric view of the pivot and vibration assembly of Figure 1 for the concrete float and interface. [Figure 3]Figure 3 is a top plan view of the assembly shown in Figure 1, without the float. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a front elevation view of the assembly shown in Figure 1, without the float. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a lower left isometric view of the pivot and vibration assembly in Figure 1. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a left side view of the sagittal section of the pivot and vibration assembly and interface of Figure 1. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a top-left front view of the assembly in Figure 2, showing the interface along with selected components of the pivot assembly and the vibration assembly. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a top-right front view of the concrete float assembly and interface, which can be used in conjunction with the assembly in Figure 1. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a top-view triangular view of the interface for use with the assemblies in Figures 1 and 8. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is an isometric view of the lower front of the end cap, which is used in conjunction with the float assembly shown in Figure 8. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is an upper right front isometric view of the pivot assembly in the alternative configuration. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a sagittal cross-sectional view of the assembly shown in Figure 11. [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows a cross-section of a concrete float with interface and end caps. [Figure 13-1] Figure 13A is a side elevation view of an alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. Figure 13B is a detailed view of the leading edge portion of the float in Figure 13A, illustrating the concave surface. Figure 13C is a detailed view of the middle portion of the float in Figure 13A, where the concave surface is exaggerated. Figure 13D is a detailed view of the trailing edge portion of the float in Figure 13A, illustrating the concave surface. [Figure 13-2]Figure 13E is a schematic side elevation view of an alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. Figure 13F is a detail of part of the alternative concrete float in Figure 13E, showing the spacing of part of the concave surface of the concrete float from the exaggerated concrete surface. Figure 13G is a schematic side elevation view of a further alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. Figure 13H is a schematic side elevation view of an additional alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows the assembly details from Figure 13. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is an enlarged elevation view of the end of the adapter shown in Figure 9. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is an upper isometric view of further configurations of the adapter for use with the vibration and / or pivot assembly described herein, with one or more different float configurations. [Figure 17] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the adapter of Figure 16 obtained through a pair of openings and a mortise structure. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a lower isometric view of a further configuration of the adapter for use with the vibration and / or pivot assembly, as well as the concrete float and interface assembly. [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a bottom plan view of the adapter shown in Figure 18. [Figure 20] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the adapter shown in Figure 18. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a detailed view of a concrete float and interface assembly, with a schematic of a pivot assembly used to support and control the concrete float, for example, the float and pivot assembly being conventional. [Figure 22] Figure 22 is a detailed view of the outer shape of the float shown in Figure 21. [Figure 23]Figure 23 is a cross-section of the assembly in Figure 21, showing an interface assembly that can be used to connect to concrete floats and pivot assemblies and also provides quick installation and release capabilities. [Figure 24] Figure 24 is an isometric view of an embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter configured for passive fixing using magnetic components. [Figure 25] Figure 25 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter configured for passive fastening using a stopper. [Figure 26] Figure 26 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, limits movement in the Y and Z planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 27] Figure 27 is a tripartite view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, limits movement in the Y and Z planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 28] Figure 28 is an isometric view of the insertion plate adapter for use with the assembly shown in Figure 27. [Figure 29] Figure 29 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly, in the form of mated adapters, which, once aligned, restrict movement in the Y and Z planes before being manually fixed, for example by placing the adapters under tension. [Figure 30] Figure 30 is a three-dimensional view of one adapter of the assembly shown in Figure 29. [Figure 31] Figure 31 is a three-dimensional view of another adapter for the assembly shown in Figure 29. [Figure 32] Figure 32 is an isometric view of the adapter shown in Figure 31. [Figure 33]Figure 33 is a three-dimensional view of the fastening mechanism of the assembly shown in Figure 29. [Figure 34] Figure 34 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, restricts movement in the X, Y, and Z planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 35] Figure 35 is an isometric view of the adapter in the assembly shown in Figure 34. [Figure 36] Figure 36 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, limits movement in the X and Y planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 37] Figure 37 is an upper isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, restricts movement in the X, Y, and Z planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 38] Figure 38 is an end elevation view of the adapter used in the assembly shown in Figure 37. [Figure 39] Figure 39 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter in a twist-mount configuration, which, once aligned, restricts movement in the X, Y, and Z planes. [Figure 40] Figure 40 is a bottom plan view of the assembly shown in Figure 39. [Figure 41] Figure 41 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, restricts movement in the X, Y, and Z planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 42] Figure 42 is an end elevation view of the adapter used in the assembly shown in Figure 41. [Figure 43]Figure 43 is an upper isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, limits movement in the X and Y planes before being manually fixed. [Figure 44] Figure 44 is an isometric view of the adapter used in the assembly shown in Figure 43. [Figure 45] Figure 45 is a lower isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a paired adapter, which, once aligned, limits movement in the X-plane before being manually fixed. [Figure 46] Figure 46 is a front elevation view of the assembly shown in Figure 45. [Figure 47] Figure 47 is a front elevation view of the adapter used in the assembly shown in Figure 45. [Figure 48] Figure 48 is an upper isometric view of a concrete finishing tool in the form of a grooving device having an interface for joining with a pivot assembly. [Figure 49] Figure 49 is a front elevation view of the grooving device shown in Figure 48. [Figure 50] Figure 50 is a side elevation view of the grooving device shown in Figure 48. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0024] (Detailed explanation) This specification, to be considered in conjunction with the drawings, describes embodiments of apparatus and methods that incorporate one or more aspects of the present invention in a manner that enables any person skilled in the art to construct and use the present invention. While the embodiments provide best-case scenarios for carrying out the present invention, it should be understood that various modifications can be carried out within the parameters of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiments of concrete tools and accessories, including floats and grooving devices and their assemblies and components, and methods for manufacturing and using concrete floats, grooving devices, and their assemblies and components, are described. Depending on the features or combinations of features incorporated in a given structure or method, advantages can be achieved in the structure or method. For example, concrete floats and their assemblies and components that use high-frequency vibration for finishing concrete can improve the finish of concrete and reduce the amount of time required for finishing, in contrast to pre-finishing concrete as is done with a screed. They can also allow the equipment to be used more easily and simplify the assembly and disassembly of the equipment before and after a project. In addition, some configurations can also benefit from lighter components, lower costs, and reduced wear.

[0026] The concrete floats may also have improved finishing surfaces, for example, by extending a portion of the float that has a flat surface for contacting the concrete surface, by configuring the bottom surface as a concave surface with multiple contact surfaces, and by making it easier to invert the float on its pivot point. They may also have structural outlines that make it easier to complete the work without having to change tools.

[0027] In concrete tools and their assemblies, such as floats and grooving devices, improvements can also be achieved in adaptability for use on one or more tools or tool configurations, such as floats and grooving devices, different float configurations, and equivalents, including through the use of quick-attach and quick-release configurations. Therefore, if a user of an alternative float wishes to use a pivot and / or vibrating assembly described herein in conjunction with a conventional float or grooving device, the user can easily do so using a simple adapter configured for a particular float shape or grooving device. If a user of an alternative pivot and / or vibrating assembly wishes to use a float assembly or grooving device, such as those described herein, in conjunction with a conventional pivot and / or vibrating assembly, the user can easily do so using a simple adapter configured for a pivot and / or vibrating assembly.

[0028] Improvements are also provided to components in which concrete tools and their assemblies, such as floats and grooving devices, may be used. For example, the mounting or interface between the assembly and the concrete tool may be simplified and / or fabricated to be more reliable and easier to use. In another embodiment, the operation of the handle for the inclined assembly is made easier, and the removal of the handle is also made easier.

[0029] These and other advantages will become more apparent as we consider the descriptions of the embodiments herein. However, it should be understood that not all advantages or features discussed in relation to a particular embodiment must be incorporated into a tool, component, or method to achieve one or more advantages considered by these embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that features of an embodiment can be incorporated into a tool, component, or method to achieve a given advantageous means even if the advantage is not optimal compared to other possible configurations. For example, one or more advantages may not be optimized for cost reduction, efficiency, or other reasons known to the person making the decision in a particular product configuration or method.

[0030] Examples of several tool configurations and methods for fabricating and using concrete floats and grooving devices and their assemblies are described herein, some of which have particular advantages when used together. However, even when these devices and methods are considered together at this time, there is no requirement that they be combined, used together, or that one component or method be used with any other component or method, or that they be combined. In addition, it should be understood that a given component or method may be combined with other structures or methods not expressly discussed herein, while still achieving the desired results.

[0031] As used herein, “substantially” and “about” shall mean ±10% of the specified parameter or configuration. However, it should be understood that the technical terms used herein for orientation or relative position such as front, rear, side, left and right, top and bottom, and equivalents are used merely to facilitate understanding and reference and are not to be used as exclusive terms for the structures described and illustrated.

[0032] The concrete finishing apparatus 100 (Figure 1) may include several subassemblies and components that can be used together or separately in combination with other subassemblies and components. In this embodiment, the concrete finishing apparatus 100 is used, for example, to finish concrete after a pre-finishing step. In one illustrative embodiment, the concrete finishing assembly 100 includes a pivot assembly 200, a vibrating assembly 300, a concrete float 400, and interface components or assemblies 500 and / or 600. Concrete finishing may be carried out using different floats, different vibrating assemblies, different tools, and / or different pivot assemblies as desired, and any of the assemblies and their components, as well as any interface components, may be used in combination with other devices for finishing concrete, for example, with desirable modifications.

[0033] The pivot assembly 200 (Figures 1-7), in the illustrated embodiment, includes a pivot mechanism 202 (partially shown in Figure 7) within a preferred housing 204 and a support tube 206 for releasably receiving a preferred support (not shown) for operating a concrete finishing device. The preferred support would be the same as or similar to a conventional support, for example, having a stopper for locking the support onto the tube 206 through a pair of oppositely facing or diametrically opposed stopper openings 208.

[0034] The pivot assembly 200 can be housed in several housing configurations, but in this embodiment, the housing 204 includes right and left plates 210 and 212 and a curved front 214, allowing the pivot assembly to pivot relative to adjacent components. The housing includes separate side openings, the left one 216 of which is shown in the drawings and will be fully described below, allowing for the insertion, access, and removal of one or more components of the pivot mechanism. The housing also includes a cylindrical wall 218 that defines a bore for receiving and supporting parts of the pivot mechanism and parts of the support tube 206, as will also be fully described below.

[0035] The pivot assembly also includes a support structure for supporting the pivot assembly and the float relative to each other. In this embodiment, the support structure takes the form of a housing structure 219 that extends into the vibrating assembly 300 and forms part of it. In other embodiments, the support structure may be a simple frame, another housing structure for other components, columns and plates for engaging the interface component 500 and the concrete float 400 (see, for example, Figure 11-12), or other structures. The pivot assembly 200 is configured such that the housing 204 and the support structure pivot relative to each other, thereby allowing a tool, for example, a float, and the pivot housing to pivot relative to each other.

[0036] The pivot mechanism 202 (Figures 6-7) allows the tool, for example, in the illustrated configuration, the concrete float 400 and the pivot housing 204, to pivot relative to each other, thereby allowing the handle and concrete float used by the operator to pivot relative to each other. The pivot mechanism 202 includes a drive part 220 (Figure 6) and a driven part 222 to carry out the pivoting motion. The drive part 220 includes a cylindrical shaft 226 (Figure 7) and a drive gear 224 having a bevel gear portion 228. The cylindrical shaft is supported in the cylindrical bore by a bearing assembly 230 which is seated in the counterbore of the cylindrical bore of the housing 218 (Figure 1) against a shoulder 232 at the end of the counterbore. The bearing assembly 230 holds the cylindrical shaft 226 in place by bearings against the shoulder 234 on the cylindrical shaft. The bearing assembly is held in place relative to the shoulder 232 in the counterbore by a retaining ring 236 positioned in a groove formed within the bore of the cylindrical wall 218. The bearing assembly 230 allows for easy pivoting of the drive gear 224. The gear has a gear ratio of at least 2:1, and the illustrated embodiment has a gear ratio of 3.5:1, but a gear ratio of 1:1 and other gear ratios can also be used. A gear ratio of 3.5:1 allows a quarter turn of the handle to pivot the assembly about 50 degrees through its intended range of motion, such as less than 90 degrees and +30 to -20 degrees in the illustrated embodiment.

[0037] A tension assembly is included within this pivot assembly. The tension assembly can take several configurations, but in this embodiment, the tension assembly 240 includes a semicircular damping or friction element 242 that extends axially on the drive gear shaft for a desired distance, extending around the semicircular circumference of the drive gear shaft 224 and in contact with it. The friction element 242 includes a boss that extends within the diameter of the retaining ring 236. The tension assembly also includes threaded bolts, such as a thumb bolt 246, which are screwed into a complementary threaded opening in a cylindrical housing 218 so that the distal end of the threaded bolt contacts the friction element 242 and presses against the drive gear shaft. A coil spring 248 prevents the bolt from retracting out of the threaded opening.

[0038] The support tube 206 is removably mounted within the bore of the cylindrical housing 218. The support tube is secured to the drive gear shaft 226 by a threaded fastener 250, which passes through one side of the support tube, through a corresponding opening in the drive gear shaft, and is screwed into a complementary threaded portion inside the opposite side of the support tube (see also Figure 12). The bolt 250 secures the support tube 206 to the cylindrical shaft 226 of the drive gear. As the operator pivots the support so that it is inserted into the support tube 206 around the central axis 254 (Figure 1), the cylindrical shaft of the drive gear also pivots to the same extent as the support is secured using the stopper in the stopper opening 208, etc.

[0039] The support tube 206 includes an O-ring seal 256 for sealing between the outer surface of the support tube and the inner surface of the bore of the cylindrical housing 218, limiting moisture from entering the interior of the housing. In this embodiment, the support tube also includes a plurality of discharge holes 258, allowing water to be discharged from the inside of the support tube. In an alternative configuration (not shown), the O-ring seal 256 of the support tube 206 and adjacent structures are replaced by sealed bearings to support the support tube within the housing 218.

[0040] In the illustrated embodiment, the support tube includes a groove or recess 260 formed within the outer surface of the support tube surrounding the locking opening 208. The recess 260 facilitates the release of the locking button from the locking opening 208 in order to release the support from the support tube. In this embodiment, the recess 260 is formed as a circumferentially extending groove that is centered across the locking opening and extends axially from the opening by a convenient distance to allow the user to press the locking button more easily.

[0041] The driven portion 222 of the pivot assembly includes a driven bevel gear 262 that engages with a drive bevel gear 228. The driven bevel gear 262 is supported on and non-rotatably fixed to a laterally extending shaft 264 such that the movement of the driven bevel gear 262 by the drive bevel gear 228 causes the shaft to pivot within the pivot assembly housing 204. The shaft is fixed to a support structure 219 such that the pivoting of the driven bevel gear moves the support structure that supports the concrete float 400. The shaft is supported within the pivot housing 204 to pivot relative to the housing by a pair of oppositely positioned bearing assemblies 266 and 268, which are fixed in place within openings in the pivot housing by separate retaining rings 270 and 272.

[0042] The shaft is also supported within the pivot housing and is fixed to a collar 274 on an axis substantially intersecting the axis of the drive gear 224, substantially centered between bearing assemblies 266 and 268. The collar 274 includes a recessed arcuate surface 276 (Figure 6) across which the end surface of the frustoconical drive gear 228 advances as it advances across the driven bevel gear 262 with which the gear teeth mesh. The concave surface at the opposite end of the recessed arcuate surface 276 helps to limit the advance of the drive gear relative to the driven gear.

[0043] In this embodiment, at least one of the assemblies includes a display that indicates one or more status conditions for the assembly. In the illustrative configuration, the display 278 is fixed within the upper portion of a pivot housing that holds or stands near the column on which the assembly is mounted, so as to be visible to the user. In this embodiment, the display indicates battery or other power or charge condition, e.g., charge level. The display is coupled through a suitable conductor to an electronic device package associated with the battery, as fully described below.

[0044] In this embodiment, at least one of the assemblies includes a power switch or other actuator for turning on and off one or more electronic devices in one or more of the assemblies. In this embodiment, the on-off switch 280 is supported within the pivot housing 204 and is accessible for manual activation, for example, to activate electronics, to illuminate the display 278, to start a vibration generator, or for other desired purposes, as fully described below. The switch is coupled through a suitable conductor to an electronics package associated with a battery, as fully described below. In other configurations, one or both of the display and the on-off switch may be located on other components of a concrete finish assembly, e.g., a vibration assembly 300. In another embodiment, the on-off function may be performed remotely, in addition to, or alternatively, through remote control (not shown), such as via Bluetooth® radio or other remote control. Remote signals may be transmitted to an antenna within the housing of the vibration assembly coupled to internal electronics, or to an antenna extending outside the housing and coupled through an opening or similar access to the electronics within the housing.

[0045] In another embodiment of the pivot assembly, the pivot assembly 200A (Figure 11-12) is supported by a solid support structure 219A that extends substantially linearly from the collar 274 to the base structure 282. The base structure 282 is substantially solid, and the support 219A is joined to the base structure. The remainder of the pivot assembly 200A, outside the support 219A and below the support structure 282, can take several configurations, such as whether other assemblies, including, for example, a vibration assembly, a controller sensing assembly, and equivalents, can be determined by the desired configuration for mounting on the float 400. Other components shown in Figure 11-12, having the same reference numerals as those applicable to components in other figures herein, have the same or similar structure and function as those described herein.

[0046] The vibration assembly 300 can be installed in several locations on the concrete finishing device. In the illustrated embodiment, the vibration assembly 300 is incorporated into a support structure, which includes a support 219 for the pivot assembly 200. Incorporation into the support structure provides desirable transmission of the generated vibrations to the float through the interface component 500. In addition, in this embodiment, the vibration generator, electronics, and battery assembly are incorporated into the same structure, and incorporating them into the support structure contributes to a low center of mass for the device and easier control by the user.

[0047] In this embodiment, the vibration assembly 300 includes a vibration generator 302. The vibration generator 302 is oriented to have a central rotation axis that extends laterally to the assembly and laterally to the central axis 254 of the support tube (Figure 1). The central rotation axis will also be parallel to the length or longitudinal range of the float 400.

[0048] The vibration generator 302 is an electric motor with an eccentric lobe or weight 304 mounted on a shaft for rotation around a central rotation axis. In this embodiment, the eccentric weight rotates at approximately 6,000 RPM, approximately 5,700 to 6,700 RPM in one configuration, and 5,700 to 6,700 RPM ± 200 RPM in another configuration.

[0049] The vibration generator is secured in place within the cavity of the vibration assembly housing 304 by fasteners 308 screwed into threaded openings within the housing 304, or by a positioning plate 306 (Figure 6-7). Alternatively, or in addition, the generator may be secured in place within the housing 304 by a suitable bearing or enclosure structure that supports or surrounds the surface of the generator, for example, sufficient to secure the generator in place during normal operation and during the operation of the generator. The generator is powered by battery power from the battery pack 310 using conductors 312 to the electronics assembly 314 below the positioning plate 306 and conductors (not shown) from the electronics assembly through the cavity in the positioning plate 306 to contacts 316 on the generator. Activation of switch 280 starts the vibration generator. The components of the vibration assembly are enclosed within the housing 304 by a closed or combined closed and base plate 318 and fixed in place by a suitable surface on the inside of the closed plate. The external surface of the closed plate can take several configurations, but in this embodiment, it includes an outline that helps to mount the pivot assembly and / or vibration assembly on a concrete float, as fully described below.

[0050] The electronic device can be powered by an external power source and / or battery 310, which is charged from an external source using an external access or charging port 320 (Figure 5-6).

[0051] In the illustrated configuration, all components of the vibration assembly are located below a horizontal plane 322 (Figure 6) parallel to the lower surface of the concrete float, which includes the central axis of the bevel gear 262 and the bearing assemblies 266 and 268 of the pivot assembly. A similar plane 324, also parallel to the lower surface of the concrete float, which includes the central axis of the vibration generator 302, is also located below the horizontal plane 322, while the pivot assembly 200 remains in close proximity to the concrete float 400. These positions facilitate the use of the concrete finishing device and make finishing the concrete surface more efficient.

[0052] The electronics assembly 314 or a separate assembly may include an accelerometer or other sensor device for providing feedback to the electronics assembly. In this configuration, as schematically shown in Figure 6, an accelerometer 326 senses motion as a function of time and provides feedback to the controller in the electronics assembly 314. The accelerometer output is used by the controller to adjust the vibration generator RPM, for example, by increasing or decreasing the RPM. For example, a greater vibration in the float sensed by the accelerometer may indicate increased hardening or hardening of the concrete, in which case the vibration generator RPM can be reduced as appropriate.

[0053] In an alternative configuration, the vibration generator 302 may be complemented or replaced by an ultrasonic generator. The ultrasonic generator may be installed in or adjacent to the vibration assembly housing 304 to produce ultrasonic energy to be transmitted to the concrete through the float 400. Alternatively, the ultrasonic generator may be mounted on the concrete float, for example, on the upper surface of the float or on the peripheral portion of the float.

[0054] The pivot assembly 200 and the vibrating assembly 300 and / or pivot assembly 200A can be configured in several ways to mount and support a concrete float, as shown in Figures 1 and 8-10 and 13-14. Quick-mount configurations are useful for the easy and rapid mounting and removal of the concrete float from the pivot assembly. In one quick-mount configuration, the interlocking components can be assembled while limiting or preventing disassembly in the direction normal to the flat surface of the concrete float. For example, the interlocking components can be assembled into a lateral or longitudinal engagement configuration while limiting movement in the upward or vertical separation direction. In another quick-mount configuration, the components can be placed under tension to fix them in place. In one embodiment, a sliding dovetail configuration provides interlocking between the assembled parts, and one or more locking components place the interlocking parts under tension. In one configuration, the locking component may include one or more threaded fasteners, and in another configuration, the locking component may include one or more cam locks or other engagement components for placing the interlocking parts under tension and thereby keeping them fixed together with the assembly.

[0055] In another configuration, the quick-set arrangement places the interlocking components under lateral compression (to the side of or parallel to the working surface of the concrete float). In one embodiment, lateral compression can be caused by interference fit between the interlocking components. In another embodiment, lateral compression can be caused when the interlocking components are brought closer together to the nearest side and placed under compression by, for example, fasteners, cam locking configurations, overcenter latch configurations, and other similar configurations.

[0056] In some quick-set configurations, the interlocking components engage with each other over a certain longitudinal range on one side for the pivot assembly 200 and the vibrating assembly 300 and / or the pivot assembly 200A, and on the other side for the concrete float. In one embodiment, the longitudinal range of interlocking is approximately the same as or greater than the width of the base of the pivot assembly 200 and the vibrating assembly 300 and / or the pivot assembly 200A (or the length if the longitudinal dimension of the concrete float is considered to have a length), and in one embodiment, greater than or equal to about 6 inches. In another embodiment, the longitudinal range of interlocking is greater than the maximum width or diameter of the fasteners, or the sum of the fasteners, which are conventional fasteners used in conjunction with the concrete float to secure the float to the pivot assembly, for example, about 1 inch or greater. The longitudinal interlocking may be continuous or discontinuous, or it may be partitioned or discontinuous between multiple longitudinal interlocking elements.

[0057] In another embodiment of the quick-set configuration, the fastening of the concrete float to the pivot and / or vibrating assembly can be achieved by means other than compression generated between the two ends of one or more conventional fasteners, in other words, by means other than compressing two or more surfaces together between the fastener head and the threaded or other form of fastener at the other end of the fastener. For example, a fastener may be used to place adjacent components under tension and hold them in place relative to each other, or a cam surface or overcenter mechanism may be used to fasten two components together under compression without having a fastener that expands the two components.

[0058] In one illustrative embodiment, a pivot assembly and / or vibrating assembly, such as those described herein, can be fixed to the concrete float either directly or through an interface, such as an interface component 500 or another interface. In one embodiment, the base plate 318 may have an interface element having a structure that is mounted on or incorporated into the base plate, either integrally with the base plate 318, monolithically therein, or separately attached thereto. In this embodiment, the interface element in the base plate 318 includes a structure that can engage with the concrete float, and in this embodiment, takes the form of a transversely extending interface element geometry 600, in this embodiment, a non-square groove 600 (Figures 1 and 5-6, transverse to the pivot assembly 200) (which may also be considered to extend longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal range of the float 400). In this embodiment, the groove 600 has a dovetail or mortise configuration having a trapezoidal outline in cross-section, at least in part. Other shapes can also be used for grooves extending laterally or longitudinally, but the dovetail groove configuration allows for reliable and secure interaction between the groove 600 and the interlocking components such as the interface components 500, which would, for example, allow the interaction of two components to be placed under tension. In this embodiment, the interaction occurs over a length or distance over which the interface components 500 are in contact with the groove 600, which is continuous in this embodiment but can be discontinuous or compartmentalized, for example, with multiple interface components. In the illustrative embodiment, the interaction occurs over approximately the width of the base plate 318, and the amount of such interaction depends on the extent of any gates, chutes, or entry structures at one or both ends of the groove 600, which will be fully described below.

[0059] Whether the groove 600 is incorporated into the base plate or mounted separately on it, in this embodiment, individual chutes or convergent inlets 602 (Figure 5) are included at each end of the groove 600. In this embodiment, each chute consists of an inclined base surface 604 approaching the groove and first and second convergent side walls 606 and 608. Other entry configurations can also be used to facilitate the sliding of the groove 600 and interface components 500 along each other. In addition, other complementary and / or interface configurations can also be used to enable the mutual engagement between the pivot assembly and / or vibrating assembly and the concrete float, or more generally, a reliable mounting. Other configurations can also be used in which the mutual engagement components, once assembled to engage with each other, can be placed under tension to keep the components fixed to each other, and other configurations can also be used in which interface contact is made between the pivot assembly and / or vibrating assembly and the concrete float.

[0060] The interlocking of pivot assemblies and / or vibrating assemblies and components on concrete floats can be subjected to tension to fix the components together. In this embodiment of a sliding dovetail configuration or similar interlocking, the structure can be subjected to tension in several ways. In the illustrated embodiment, the structure can be subjected to tension through at least one, two bolts in the illustrated embodiment (Figures 1-6), which are screwed into individual parts of the base plate 318 or other parts of the housing 304 and screwed against opposing or facing surfaces or multiple surfaces on the interface component 500. Tightening the bolts or multiple bolts downward presses against the upward-facing surface of the interface component 500 (as seen in Figures 1 and 6), and presses against adjacent surfaces of the interface component 500 against the angled side walls 612 and 614 in the groove 602, respectively. The interlocking components are thereby subjected to tension, and substantially all of the contact surfaces between them occur along the groove and the sides of the interface component 500, i.e., along the angled surfaces between them.

[0061] An assembly or set of assemblies incorporating a groove 600 for assembling interlocking components is positioned such that one or both of the entrances to the groove align with a complementary or similar structure on the interface component 500. The groove 600 slides laterally across the interface component 500 until the interface is substantially centered within the groove, and the bolt 610 is screwed in until the interlocking components are set under tension.

[0062] Another of the interlocking components may include an interface component 500. In this embodiment, the interface component 500 is a longitudinally extending male component configured to slide within a groove such as a groove 600. Other configurations of the interlocking component may also be used. In this embodiment, the interface component 500 may be a separate component mounted on the concrete float 400 and integrated with it, or the interface component may be formed monolithically with the concrete float. As shown in the figures, the interface component 500 includes a dovetail joint shape similar to a tenon. The interlocking portion includes first and second angled side walls 502 and 504 that converge inward and downward from a flat transverse and longitudinally extending joint wall 506, as seen in Figures 1 and 14. The joint wall has an upper surface 508 against which bolts 610 will support the interlocking components to be placed under tension. The space between the angled side walls 502 and 504 and the joint wall 506 is open, but in some embodiments it can be solid. In the illustrated embodiments, the thickness of the structures forming the interface component 500 is substantially the same.

[0063] The length of the interface component 500 can be selected as desired, and in this embodiment, the interface component 500 is a single component. The interface component 500 can optionally consist of multiple components for engaging with the groove 600. In the illustrated embodiment, the length of the interface component 500 is approximately the same as the width of the base plate 318, or, if the longitudinal direction is considered to be relative to the float, the longitudinal range relative to the float. The interface component 500 can have a length that exceeds the engagement distance of the groove 600 and can be approximately the same as the length of the float. In this embodiment, once the interface component 500 is aligned or matched with the groove 600 and joined with it, the movement of the interface is limited to the Y and Z directions, i.e., proximal and distal and upward. In this context, the X direction is understood to be lateral or transverse relative to the concrete tool, and the Y direction represents the standard direction of movement. This practice will be used herein for floats, grooving devices, and other finishing tools that move linearly across concrete, for example, proximal and / or distal, using a handle connected to the tool by the user.

[0064] The illustrated embodiment of the interface component 500 has an interface as a separately manufactured component, for example, as an aluminum extruded component, but it should be understood that the interlocking walls 502, 504 and 506 can also be formed integrally with the concrete float 400. The illustrated interface component 500 is mounted on complementary interlocking walls on the float 400 through a first mounting structure 510 and a second mounting structure 512 which are formed monolithically with the rest of the interface component 500. In this embodiment, the first and second mounting structures 510 and 512 are mirror images of each other and both extend along the entire length of the interface component 500. The mounting structures are formed by a U-shaped structure that forms opposite grooves 514 and 516, respectively, with first and second upper side walls 518 and 520, respectively, which are attached to angled side walls 502 and 504, respectively. The mounting structure includes bottom walls 522 and 524, which extend to the first and second lower walls 526 and 528, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower walls extend further away from the bottom walls than the upper walls. In addition, in one embodiment, the ends of the first and second lower walls 526 and 528 can contact and, if desired, support upward-extending portions of float engagement walls 402 and 404, which are described in more detail below.

[0065] Grooves 514 and 516 are configured to fit and engage with individual float engagement walls 402 and 404. The internal width of the grooves between the upper and lower walls (518 and 520 and 526 and 528) can be selected as desired, and may be greater than, equal to, or less than the width or thickness of the individual float engagement walls 402 and 404, providing an interference fit between the grooves and the corresponding engagement walls. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the distance between the bottoms of oppositely facing grooves 514 and 516 is a distance X, selected so as to be greater than the distance Y between the ends of the float engagement walls 402 and 404 when they are relaxed prior to engagement with the interface component 500 when the interface component 500 is relaxed. In such a configuration, the assembly of the interface components 500 onto the float 400 by engaging grooves 514 and 516 with support walls 402 and 404 forms an interference fit between the interface components 500 and the support walls of the float, thereby tending to bias the first and second mounting structures 510 and 512 toward each other so that the support walls 402 and 404 are separated from each other. Other configurations to provide a secure and reliable engagement between the interface and the support structures on the concrete float are also possible. Subsequently, when the grooves 600 and the interface components 500 are set to engage with each other and bolts are tightened downward against the upper surface 508 of the interface, a load can be generated to counteract the interference fit created between the interface and the support walls of the float.

[0066] The float 400 can take several configurations. In the illustrated embodiment, the float is supported on the pivot assembly and / or vibration assembly through support walls 402 and 404. The support walls extend longitudinally along the entire length of the float and upward from the bottom wall 406 of the float. The support walls extend upward from the inner surface of the bottom wall 406, and angled or converging support walls 408 and 410 each form separate acute angles with the bottom wall 406. The support walls extend toward each other with separate upper walls 412 and 414, and the upper walls extend into and engage with grooves 514 and 516, respectively, when the interface component 500 is mounted thereon. In the relaxed state, prior to the installation of the interface component 500, the upper walls 412 and 414 extend substantially parallel to the lower wall 406. In this configuration, the thickness of the upper walls 412 and 414 exceeds the thickness of the converging support walls 408 and 410.

[0067] The exemplary floats each include first and second stabilizing ribs 415 and 416, respectively, which extend upward from the bottom wall 406 toward each other. In this embodiment, the stabilizing ribs extend along the entire length of the float. The stabilizing ribs each include separate converging support walls 418 and 420, which each terminate at coplanar stabilizing bars 422 and 424 that extend toward each other. The upper surfaces of the stabilizing bars 422 and 424 are spaced above the bottom wall 406 by a distance approximately equal to the distance by which the upper surfaces of the upper walls 518 and 520 of the interface component 500 are positioned above the bottom wall 406 when they reach their fixed position on the float above the surfaces of the walls 412 and 414. In this configuration, the upper surfaces of the stabilizing bars 422 and 424 and the upper surfaces of the walls 518 and 520 will be spaced approximately the same distance from the lowest side surface of the base plate 318. If any load tends to cause the float to move closer to the front or rear portion of the base plate 318 due to the inclination, the stabilizing bar will stop further inclination. The support provided by ribs 415 and 416 may be provided by other structures in addition to or instead of ribs 415 and 416.

[0068] The inner surface of the float also includes several ribs 426 that extend along the length of the float. The ribs help to reinforce the float in the longitudinal direction.

[0069] The float's external shape includes several wall variations. In the exemplary configuration, the float includes a bottom concrete contact surface 428 that is substantially flat longitudinally and transversely from the rear surface 430 to the front portion 432. Alternatively, as will be further discussed below, the float concrete contact surface may have multiple discrete contact surfaces separated, for example, by one or more concave or other geometric surfaces. In this embodiment, the distance between the rear surface 430 and the front portion 432 is distance Z, which is approximately 10 inches. The rear surface 430 has a rim 431 that is substantially vertical (as seen in Figure 13) and joined to the rear surface 430 by a rounded corner. The rim 431 extends longitudinally along the entire length of the float. Other rim configurations may also be used.

[0070] From the front section 432, the float curves upward with a first radius of curvature to the second front section 434, the curvature ending at the second straight section 436. The second straight section extends to the third front section 438, after which the float curves to the front tip 440 with a small radius of curvature up to the third flat section 442. The second straight section 436 helps to provide an improved finish, for example, to the return stroke of the float.

[0071] In the illustrated embodiment, the rear surface of the float includes a concave portion 444 that extends upward and inward from the edge 431 at the rear end 430 with a first radius of curvature, and then outward to an angled wall 446 with a smaller radius of curvature. The concave portion 444 helps to prevent concrete from entering the interior of the float. The angled wall extends from a vertical point 448 above the rear end 430 to the front end 450, forming an angle 452 that will be substantially parallel to the support pipe 206 when the support pipe is substantially adjacent to the angled wall. The angled wall also helps to prevent concrete from entering the interior of the float.

[0072] The concrete float may optionally include one or more end covers to prevent concrete from entering, and / or stabilizers, for example, structures in the form of weights or dampers that affect the vibrations applied to the float. The end covers help prevent concrete and slurry from entering the upper surface of the float and accessories. Weights or dampers may also be selected and positioned as desired, and in this embodiment, the concrete float 400 includes left and right end caps 458 and 460, respectively. The end caps may cover the ends of the float and, where applicable, may be configured to help optimize the vibrations applied. The weight and / or structure of either or both of the end caps may be selected to optimize the vibrations applied to the float by changing the resonance within the node, for example, with respect to a given configuration of the float or vibration assembly and the length of the float. In the illustrated embodiment, the end caps are mirror images of each other, and only the right end 460 will be described in detail. Each end cap includes a side plate 462 and a support structure 464 to help keep the end cap in place. Each end cap also includes a support plug 466 (Figures 8, 10, and 13-14) to help secure the end cap in place. Each end cap also includes a bottom surface 468 extending along or between the concrete contact surfaces of the float. In this embodiment, the bottom surface 468 is substantially linear and flat, for example, even if the float surface includes a concave surface between the concrete contact surfaces. The bottom surface 468 is configured to be recessed slightly above or away from the concrete contact surfaces of the float, for example, so that the concrete contact surfaces of the float are between the concrete and the bottom surface 468. In one embodiment, the bottom edge of the end cap is recessed about 0.02 inches from the concrete contact surfaces of the float. In this embodiment, each end cap is formed from a co-molded rubber, for example, an industrial plastic, such as polyamide 6 (PA6) with approximately 60% embedded fibers, or it may be made from rubber, silicone, or other materials.

[0073] One or more accessories, generally represented as 470, can be mounted on the float (Figure 8). The accessories may be light sources mounted on the float and / or pivot and / or vibrating assembly to illuminate a concrete surface, or sprayers or atomizers mounted on the float and / or pivot and / or vibrating assembly to wet a concrete surface. In one embodiment, accessory 470 may have one or more light sources mounted on or along the front portion of the float, or that portion of the float distal to the user, i.e., the flat portion 442 or other structure on the leading edge when the assembly is pushed away from the user. For example, light sources may be mounted at the ends of the float and at one or more locations between the ends of the float along the front or leading edge portion of the float. Exemplary light sources may include LED arrays, LED elements, or other suitable light sources. Light sources may also, in addition or alternatively, be mounted on removable end caps such as end caps 428 and 430. When positioned on the end cap or only at the end of the float, multiple light sources can be used, one of which is directed straight ahead and another directed at an inward angle toward the center of the float's direction of travel. Angled light sources on one side can be matched with an angled light source on the other side so that they intersect at a desired location in front of the float. The number of attachments may be selected to produce the desired result. One or more light sources can also be mounted on pivots, pivot adapters, and / or other adjacent structures.

[0074] In another embodiment, the accessory 470 may be (in addition to, or alternatively) one or more nozzles, for example, sprayers or atomizers mounted on or along a flat portion 442 or other structure on the front (or distal) portion of the float. Each nozzle may produce a spray pattern identical or different to adjacent nozzles, where applicable, and may have any desired pattern. The pattern may be arcuate, linear, or other desired pattern. The number of nozzles may be selected as desired to produce the desired result, and in one embodiment, they are positioned to have about one frequency per foot. With respect to a 6-foot float in this embodiment, there may be seven nozzles. Moisture from the nozzles can help bring the concrete surface to the surface.

[0075] Alternative float structures (Figures 13A-13D) may include at least one concave surface within the bottom surface of the float facing a finished concrete surface. In one embodiment, the float 400A includes a first concrete contact surface 472 (Figures 13A and 13B), a second concrete contact surface 474 (Figures 13A and 13D), and a concave surface 476 extending between them. In this embodiment, the first and second concrete contact surfaces 472 and 474 extend to the width of the float 400A, but may be less than the width of the float. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the first and second concrete contact surfaces are the outermost and only concrete contact surfaces during normal operation as described herein, but they may be other than the outermost concrete contact surfaces, and the float may include additional concrete contact surfaces, with or without concave surfaces extending between adjacent concrete contact surfaces. In addition, one or more concave surfaces may be incorporated into the float, if desired, while omitting intervening concrete contact surfaces. One or more concave surfaces may be incorporated into the bottom of the float, having any number of configurations, including shallow channel configurations, circular, oval, rectangular, and other geometric, polygonal, or smooth shapes, as shown in Figure 13A, which may be discrete or overlapping. Any concave surface may be formed, for example, as a smooth continuous surface with a constant radius of curvature, or as discrete surfaces, such as steps or square waves or other configurations, and combined to form a concave surface within the bottom of the float.

[0076] In the illustrated configuration, the first concrete contact surface 472 transitions outward from the concave surface 476 inside the bottom of the float to the front portion 434A, and to the ramp surface defined by the front portion and the straight portion 436A. The second concrete contact surface 474 terminates with a rear portion 430A and a trailing edge 431A. Both the rear portion 430A and the trailing edge 431A extend laterally across the width of the float in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the rear portion 430A and the trailing edge 431A may also be joined at a relatively acute angle to the ramp on the opposite side of the float, and may be as acute as possible by extrusion molding, taking into account the expected wear resulting from normal use.

[0077] In the float configuration shown in Figures 13A-13D, the concave surface 476 has a radius of curvature 478 of approximately 500 inches (Figure 13C). With respect to a given float configuration, such as that shown in Figure 13A, multiple concave surfaces would have smaller radii of curvature. The radius of curvature in the illustrated configuration produces a maximum height 482 of the concave surface away from the opposing concrete surface, in this embodiment, approximately 0.0115 inches from the opposing concrete surface of the surface 476. In other words, the concave surface curves approximately 0.0115 inches away from the line 480 representing the adjacent concrete surfaces that contact both the first and second concrete contact surfaces 472 and 474. The maximum distance is selected in this embodiment to be at the midpoint between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, in this embodiment, approximately 0.79 inches from the flange 484 toward the second concrete contact surface 474. The maximum spacing point within the concave surface can be selected as desired, for example, to be spaced away from the center of the float or the center between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, such that the concave surface is asymmetrical in the lateral shape of the float. The configuration of the concave surface may be selected to improve, for example, the surface tension on the concave surface to pull the epithelium onto the top of the concrete surface, potentially above the concrete surface.

[0078] In the embodiment of the float 400A shown in Figures 13A and 13C, the flange 484 provides strength to the float structure and, in this embodiment, provides a bearing surface for a set screw (not shown) that is screwed into the interface component 500 (Figure 9) in a threaded opening 485, shown by dashed lines in Figure 9. In some embodiments, the set screw or other fastener is used to help secure the interface component 500. In this embodiment, the set screw, in conjunction with the flange 484, when used with the interface component 500 relative to the flange 484, helps to place the interface component 500 under load and maintain the position of the interface component on the float.

[0079] The concrete contact surfaces 472 and 474 help to apply pressure to the lower concrete surface, for example, through the weight of the device, and this pressure pushes the epithelium away from the area directly surrounding the concrete. The concave surface 476 helps to keep the epithelium above or above the concrete surface by surface tension, which begins in the nearest internal area of ​​the concrete contact surfaces 472 or 474, whichever is the leading edge surface when both are in contact with the concrete surface. The continued movement of the float along the concrete surface continues to pull the epithelium along the concave surface by surface tension, which helps to pull additional epithelium away from the concrete surface. As the float continues along the concrete surface, the epithelium in the concave surface 476 is redeposited onto the concrete surface by the other concrete contact surface 472 or 474, for example, by sliding across the epithelium. As fully described below, the second concrete contact surface 474 is the trailing or distal edge, and the angle between the trailing portion 430A and the trailing edge 431A breaks the surface tension with as much epithelium as possible, allowing as much epithelium as possible to remain on the concrete surface rather than the trailing edge 431A.

[0080] Figures 13E-13H schematically show alternative float configurations having several types of proximal and distal edges adjacent to individual concrete contact surfaces for use with floats having a concave bottom surface, for example. Any float configuration, including any of those described herein, can be configured to have one or more concave surfaces between the proximal and distal edges adjacent to the individual concrete contact surfaces, and the configuration of the upper portion of the float can be configured as desired. Although the float configurations shown in Figures 13E-13H will be considered the same for the purposes of this discussion for the sake of simplification, it should be understood that any float can be configured to have any desired structure and function, with the desired concave float bottom surface and the proximal and distal edge portions described with respect to Figures 13E-13H.

[0081] In the float configuration 486A (Figures 13E-13F), the float includes a concave bottom surface 476A extending between the proximal concrete contact surfaces 488A and the distal concrete contact surfaces 490A on either side of the concave surface 476A. The concave bottom surface 476A may be any of the concave surfaces or analogues described herein. A straight ramp surface 492A extends proximal to the concrete contact surface 488A and away from the concave surface. The proximal edge 493A is defined by the angle between the proximal concrete contact surface 488A and the straight ramp surface 492A, which may be any preferred angle that reduces or minimizes the possibility of the proximal edge 493A penetrating or embedding into the concrete. The proximal concrete contact surface 488A contacts the underlying concrete surface, applies pressure thereto, and brings the epithelium to the surface, while the straight ramp surface 492A allows the float to advance across the concrete surface. The surface tension within the epithelium promotes the inclination of the epithelium relative to the concrete surface and the concave surface 476A.

[0082] In this embodiment of float 486A, the distal wall 494A extends at an angle of approximately 90° to the distal concrete contact surface 490A. The distal wall 494A joins to the distal concrete contact surface 490A at a relatively sharp edge, the distal edge 495A. The sharp edge reduces the possibility of the distal wall 494A rising onto the surface due to surface tension and promotes the diffusion of the epithelium onto the adjacent concrete surface behind the distal edge.

[0083] In another float configuration 486B (Figure 13G), substantially the same surface is labeled with the same reference number followed by "B" and has substantially the same structure and function as the same or similar structure and function described herein. In this embodiment, float 486B includes a proximal ramp 496B that joins to the proximal concrete contact surface 488B along a rounded or curved edge 497B. The rounded or curved edge 497B reduces or minimizes the possibility that the proximal edge 497B will penetrate into or encroach upon the concrete.

[0084] In a further float configuration 486C (Figure 13H), substantially the same surface is marked with the same reference number followed by "C" and has substantially the same structure and function as the same or similar structures and functions described herein. In this embodiment, the float 486C includes a proximal ramp, which is a linear ramp surface 492C defining a proximal edge 493C defined by an angle between surface 492C and the proximal concrete contact surface 488C. In a similar manner, the float includes a distal ramp, which is a linear ramp surface 497C in the distal portion of the float that joins the distal concrete contact surface 490C at the distal edge 498C, with the edge defined by an angle between the linear ramp surface 497C and the distal concrete contact surface 490C. In this embodiment, the proximal and distal linear ramps extend at equal and opposite angles, although they may also be different from each other. When at the same angle, the float is symmetrical, with either edge being the proximal edge and either of the concrete contact surfaces being the proximal concrete contact surface. However, it should be understood that when the distal ramp surface 497C is configured to be the distal portion of the float, it can extend at any of several angles, and one purpose is to reduce any amount of epithelium that could adhere to the distal surface through surface tension.

[0085] The interface can be used in conjunction with the geometry on the vibrating unit and / or pivot, and / or can be configured to interfacially contact concrete finishing tools, such as floats, grooving devices, or other finishing tools. The interface can be a component that will be fixed onto the vibrating unit and / or pivot for interfacial contact with concrete finishing tools, or the interface can be a component that will be fixed onto concrete finishing tools for interfacial contact with the vibrating unit and / or pivot. The interface can take several configurations, and in embodiments of interfaces that will be fixed onto the vibrating unit and / or pivot, the interface will have a configuration that allows it to be fixed onto the vibrating unit and / or pivot according to the existing mounting configuration of the vibrating unit and / or pivot. For example, on an existing vibrating unit and / or pivot, the interface may have a configuration that includes it as part of an adapter and can be fixed onto the vibrating unit and / or pivot. In some embodiments, the configuration would be simple, having four fastening openings in a pattern that matches or closely approximates to allow the interface to be fixed to the vibrating unit and / or pivot using four conventional fasteners. Another part of the adapter would have an interface configured to allow interface contact with a concrete finishing tool.

[0086] In embodiments of adapters to be fixed to a concrete finishing tool, the adapter will have a configuration that allows it to be fixed to the concrete finishing tool according to the existing mounting configuration of the finishing tool in order to make interfacial contact with the vibrating unit and / or pivot. In some embodiments, the configuration will be simple, such as having four fastening openings in a pattern that matches or closely approximates to allow the adapter to be fixed to the finishing tool using four conventional fasteners. Another part of the adapter will be configured to allow interfacial contact with the vibrating unit and / or pivot.

[0087] The interfaces described herein can be incorporated into the original equipment of concrete finishing tools and / or pivot assemblies, or they can be incorporated into adapters or pairs of adapters. When incorporated into a pair of adapters, one adapter will be fixed to the concrete finishing tool and the other adapter will be fixed to the pivot assembly. The interfaces on the pair of adapters will be complementary to enable the fixing. When an interface is incorporated into, for example, a single adapter for either a pivot assembly or a concrete finishing tool, the other of the concrete finishing tool or pivot assembly already intended for use will include a complementary interface to which the single adapter should be used.

[0088] For example, interfaces for original equipment or one or a pair of adapters may have several configurations, including quick-mount and-release configurations, simplified configuration fixings, such as those that omit threaded fasteners, and configurations that use relatively few steps. The interface configurations described herein have engaging surfaces for meshing interface configurations, and the engaging surfaces are not threaded surfaces. In some configurations, the interfaces allow vibrating units and / or pivot interfaces to be aligned or mated, joined to a tool interface, and fixed in a single joint or meshing motion. In other configurations, the interfaces allow vibrating units and / or pivot interfaces to be aligned or mated, joined to a tool interface, and fixed using two or relatively few movements. In some configurations, the interfaces allow them to be aligned or mated, and movement in one or more of the X, Y, and / or Z directions is limited or prevented, and if further fixing is required, for example, by a latch, pin, cam, or equivalent, to be joined to fix to the interface in the remaining or multiple directions. For example, some interfaces can be configured such that movement in the Y and Z directions is limited after alignment or mating and after they are joined; in other embodiments, some interfaces can be configured such that movement in the X and Y directions is limited after alignment or mating and after joining; and in yet other interfaces, movement in the X, Y, and Z directions is limited under normal operating conditions after alignment or mating and after joining.

[0089] The adapter may be configured with an interface to be used in conjunction with a grooved or channel structure, including, for example, one having a longitudinally extending groove as described with respect to groove 600, and may include an adapter 500A having a dovetail interface 530 configuration similar to a tenon (Figures 16 and 17). In this embodiment, once the interface is aligned or aligned and joined with the corresponding complementary component, the movement of the interface is restricted to the Y and Z directions, i.e., proximal and distal and upward. In this context, the X direction is understood to be lateral or transverse with respect to the concrete tool, and the Y direction represents the standard direction of movement. Alternatively, the interface 530 may be configured to be complementary to other geometric shapes as desired, so that the interface can interact with other geometric shapes that are complementary to the interface in the troel pivot or vibrating tool structure and can be used for interface contact between the troel pivot or vibrating tool and the concrete float. The interface 530 can be used to interoperate with any other groove or channel configuration complementary to the interface 530 and the interface within the groove configuration 600 and the troel pivot or vibratory tool structure described herein, and to make interfacial contact between the troel pivot or vibratory tool and the concrete float. In this embodiment, the interface 530 extends longitudinally and includes a relatively wide upper surface 532, extends downward in a trapezoidal configuration, and converges inward along the angled side surface 534 to a portion 536 of the float mounting structure 538. The portion 536 may take the form of a boss or ridge extending along the upper portion of the float mounting structure 538, which may be configured for reinforcement or strength. The interfaces 500, 500A, 600, and 600A described herein limit relative movement in the Y and Z directions after the interface is aligned or matched and spliced ​​with its complementary structure by movement in the X direction, before final fixing. After final fixing, the assembly is also fixed in the X direction, and movement in the X direction is limited.

[0090] In this configuration, the float mounting structure 538 is configured as a relatively planar mounting plate with a plurality (four in this embodiment) of mounting holes 540 used to mount the adapter 500A onto the float (Figures 16 and 17). The mounting holes are arranged in the same pattern within the concrete float, in this embodiment, in a rectangular pattern, in a pattern on the mounting plate for accommodating fasteners. The configuration of the adapter 500A is suitable for mounting onto a float such as the float 400 through a suitable fastening arrangement. In addition, or alternatively, the adapter 500A is suitable for mounting onto a conventional float configuration having one or more (four in this embodiment) threaded openings or threaded receptacles within the upper surface of the float, the fasteners being used to press or compress the float mounting structure 538 against the upper surface of the float. Other float configurations can be adapted to receive adapter 500A, or the float mounting structure can be modified so that the interface can be used to mount other float configurations, for example, using different fasteners or mounting patterns, a non-planar bottom surface for the float mounting structure, or equivalent. The interface 530 can be fixed to the float mounting structure 538 in several ways, for example, using fasteners screwed into the opening 542 and / or welds, or equivalent. Alternatively, the interface 530 can be formed monolithically or otherwise integrally with the float mounting surface 538.

[0091] The float mounting structure 538 may have a uniform thickness, for example, the thickness of the portion 536 that supports the interface 530. Alternatively, the float mounting structure 538 may have a smaller thickness within the area of ​​the mounting hole 540, and the reinforcing structure may have a thicker thickness, for example, that supports the interface 530 and extends between adjacent mounting holes 540.

[0092] The interface can also be used in conjunction with geometric shapes on the concrete float to create interfacial contact between the concrete float and the troel pivot or vibrating tool structure. In one embodiment, the interface can be configured to be used in conjunction with longitudinally extending ridges, lands, tenons, or other geometric shapes on the concrete float, for example, including interface component 500. Alternatively, the interface for use in conjunction with geometric shapes on the concrete float can be configured to be complementary to other geometric shapes as desired, so that the interface can engage with such other geometric shapes on the concrete float and be used to create interfacial contact between the concrete float and the troel pivot or vibrating assembly. In one embodiment, adapter 600A (Figure 18-20) may include an interface that can be used to engage with interface component 500 or similar geometric shapes described herein, for example, having an upper surface 508 and side surfaces 502 and 504. In this embodiment, the adapter 600A includes an upper surface 650 and an opposite surface 652, which are substantially planar in the illustrated embodiment. The opposite surface 652 includes an outline substantially complementary to the geometry on the concrete float, with which the adapter 600A will be used in conjunction. The interface has a structure sufficient to support the concrete float on the troel pivot or vibrating tool assembly during normal operation, which can be partially determined by the form of the complementary geometry on the concrete float. In this embodiment, the complementary geometry is determined by the interface component 500, and the adapter 600A extends longitudinally to engage with the complementary geometry of the interface component 500.

[0093] The adapter 600A has an interface having a shape approximating a mortise, with a substantially trapezoidal non-circular cross-sectional outline in the illustrated configuration. The outline includes a substantially linear transverse and longitudinal surface 654 that extends downward and terminates at the sides of converging side walls 656 and 658, terminating at the bottom surface 670 of the adapter 600A. The linear surface and converging side walls extend longitudinally of the adapter 600A and define the interaction between the complementary geometric shape on the concrete float and the interface geometric shape. In this configuration, the adapter 600A can be used to assemble a pivot assembly or vibrating assembly together with a concrete float having a geometric shape such as the interface component 500 on it. The adapter 600A can be used to mount a pivot assembly or vibrating assembly on a concrete float having other geometric shapes on it, by having the adapter 600A incorporate an outline complementary to the geometric shape on the concrete float.

[0094] In one configuration, the adapter 600A includes a guide surface to help align the adapter 600A during assembly with the corresponding geometric shape onto the concrete float. In one embodiment, the guide surface may have substantially the same structure and function as the chute or convergence inlet 602 described herein with respect to the groove 600. In this embodiment, each longitudinal end of the adapter 600A includes substantially mirror-image guide outlines 660 and 662, respectively, as shown, of which only one will be further described. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide outline 660 includes spaced, substantially linear convergence surfaces 664 and 666 extending from the longitudinal end portion 668 of the adapter 600A to separate side walls 658 and 656. Each convergence surface extends into a separate plane that is substantially normal to the plane containing the longitudinally extending surface 654.

[0095] The adapter 600A also includes individual ramp surfaces in each longitudinal end portion 668. The ramp surface at one longitudinal end is substantially a mirror image of the ramp surface at the opposite longitudinal end, and a set of only one set of ramp surfaces will be further described. In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter 600A includes first and second ramp surfaces 672 and 674. Each ramp surface extends laterally outward from either the adjacent converging surface 664 or 666 to the individual peripheral portion of the adapter 600A. Each ramp surface extends inward from the individual longitudinal end portion 668 toward the opposite longitudinal end portion to the bottom surface 670. Each ramp surface helps guide the adapter 600A to engage with complementary components on the concrete float assembly.

[0096] In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter 600A includes a plurality of fasteners 676 and 678 that are screwed into separate threaded openings in the upper part of the adapter 600A. The fasteners can be used in substantially the same manner as the fasteners 610 described with respect to Figures 1-5 of this specification. When the adapter 600A is mounted on complementary components on a concrete float assembly, such as a float assembly 400 with an interface component 500, the fasteners 676 and 678 are screwed in to engage with the interface component 500, placing the complementary surfaces under tension, thereby fixing the adapter 600A and any associated pivot or vibrating assembly to the concrete float assembly.

[0097] The adapter 600A may include one or more mounting configurations for mounting the adapter 600A onto an upper pivot assembly or vibration assembly for use with a concrete float on which the adapter 600A is mounted. In this embodiment, the mounting configuration includes one or more fastening openings, in this embodiment, two sets of four fastening openings in each set 680 and 682, respectively. Other mounting arrangements may be used alternatively. In this embodiment, the first set of fastening openings 680 is arranged in a rectangular array and can be used to fasten a first configuration for a pivot assembly or vibration assembly, and the second set of fastening openings 682 can be used to fasten a second configuration for a pivot assembly or vibration assembly. For example, the fastening openings can receive bolts through the openings for screwing into complementary threaded components, such as nuts or threaded bores. Other arrangements can be used to fasten the adapter 600A onto a pivot assembly or vibration assembly for use with a concrete float assembly.

[0098] Complementary interface components can be configured, assembled together, or combined together such that a concrete float from any of a plurality of concrete floats can be mounted on and thereby supported by a pivot assembly from any of a plurality of pivot assemblies. One embodiment of an assembly of complementary interface components includes adapters 500A and 600A, illustrated in one embodiment in Figures 21 and 23. Adapters 500A and 600A may be one or more complementary structures, in this embodiment, first and second interface components that interoperate with each other through a dovetail joint array, but may include any of the complementary structures described herein. The first and second interface components also allow for easy connection and disconnection of the associated concrete float and pivot assembly components, for example, due to their interoperability. The first and second interface components can be supplied together as an assembly, for example, in the form of a kit, which may be sold for use in assembling a suitable concrete float and a suitable pivot assembly. The first and second interface components can be configured such that the first interface component can be attached to various concrete floats or to a specific concrete float, and the second interface component can be attached to various pivot assemblies or to a specific pivot assemblies. In this embodiment, adapters 500A and 600A are provided as an assembly or kit, enabling the user to attach adapter 500A to a conventional float 700 through appropriate fasteners, for example, as described herein with respect to adapter 500A, and to attach adapter 600A to a pivot assemblies, for example, as described herein with respect to adapter 600A. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 21-23, adapter 500A is fastened through fasteners 704, for example, through openings 540 into threaded openings in the concrete float (Figures 16-17), into individual of four internal threaded openings in a longitudinally extending rib 702 of the concrete float.In this embodiment, the concrete float 700 has an existing threaded opening for receiving a complementary fastener on a pivot assembly, as in the conventional configuration. Also in this embodiment, the adapter 500A is configured such that the fastener 704 can use an existing threaded bore to secure the adapter 500A to the float 700. In addition, the adapter 500A may also be configured to have a sufficient opening to allow connection to other concrete float configurations, or may have additional mounting configurations for adaptation to other float configurations. Conversely, the adapter 500A may be configured to be unique in that it is attached only to a single concrete float configuration.

[0099] The second interface component of the assembly, in this embodiment, takes the form of an adapter 600A, as described herein. The adapter 600A is fixed to the pivot assembly 706, as schematically shown in Figures 21 and 23. In this embodiment, the adapter 600A is fixed to the pivot assembly 706 through one or more of the set of openings 680 and / or 682 (Figure 19). However, other means for mounting the adapter 600A to a pivot assembly such as the pivot assembly 706 may also be included in or incorporated within the adapter 600A, allowing the adapter 600A to be mounted to different pivot assemblies or to be mounted to only a single pivot assembly configuration. The pivot assembly 706 may represent any conventional pivot assembly or vibration assembly, or be configured to mount on the vibration assembly and / or pivot assembly described herein.

[0100] In the embodiment shown in Figures 21-23, the interface assembly allows for easy or rapid attachment and detachment of the pivot assembly to and from the float. Adapter 500A can be mounted to the concrete float 700 using removable fasteners, or in another embodiment, it may be permanently fixed to the concrete float, for example, by welding or otherwise. Similarly, adapter 600A can be removably mounted to the pivot assembly, or in another embodiment, it may be configured to be permanently incorporated into the pivot assembly. Adapter 500A provides a four-point mounting configuration for mounting and supporting the dovetail interface 530 using a relatively planar support structure or other male-type interlocking components. Alternatively, the interface component attached to the concrete float may include a female-type interlocking component, and the interface component attached to the pivot assembly may include a male-type interlocking component. The interfaces or interlocking configurations or geometric shapes in the illustrated embodiments are dovetail joint configurations, but other configurations may include other mortise joint configurations, clamping of planar components where one extends through the other and through an opening and is fastened to each other by columns and fastened by pins such as cotter pins or other fasteners, cam plates and drive plates assembled to interlock laterally, or forward or backward like a foot in a shoe and fastened by pins, cover plates or other fasteners, or the planar components may be fastened by magnetic forces, latches, spring load retaining components, overcenter latches or other fastenable interlocking geometric shapes.

[0101] Interface components can take several configurations, and any of the interface components described herein can be used to combine concrete finishing tools, such as those described herein, with control assemblies, such as pivot assemblies, vibration assemblies, and other components. Interface components can be mounted so as to be formed as part of an assembly associated with them, or so may occur with aftermarket devices. Interface components can also be formed as part of one or more adapters, and pairs of complementary adapters can be used to improve existing equipment or existing equipment designs. Embodiments of pairs of complementary adapters will be described below, but it should be understood that any given interface component included as part of an adapter or a pair of adapters can be incorporated into associated equipment, such as pivot assemblies, vibration assemblies, and equivalent concrete finishing tools and / or control assemblies. It should also be understood that any adapter described as part of a pair of adapters can be used independently to join a suitable meshing interface with its associated assembly. The pairs of adapters described below include interface components, and any one or both can be incorporated into an adapter, which has underlying equipment. Some of the interface components are passive, and some are active. Some of the interface components, once aligned or matched and joined for fixing, restrict movement in one or more of the X, Y, or Z directions prior to fixing, and after fixing, they restrict movement in all three directions. The means for interface contact between the concrete finishing tool and the pivot assembly, with or without a vibrating device, are any of the interface components discussed herein.

[0102] The passive interface component is contained within a pair of adapters 2400 (Figure 24), which include a tool adapter 2402 and a second adapter, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter 2404. The tool adapter 2402 includes a preferred mounting configuration 2406 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2406 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 2404 also includes a mounting configuration 2408 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2408 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0103] The pair of adapters 2400 include interface components that use a magnetic field to fix the interfaces together. In this embodiment, the tool adapter 2402 includes a plurality of magnets 2410 formed in or on the adapter plate 2412. The size and distribution pattern of the magnets are selected as desired based on the size and weight of the components / assemblies and the load. The tool adapter 2402 also includes locator components that assist in the alignment or mating of the tool adapter and the pivot adapter 2404. In this embodiment, the locator components are a pair of pins or columns 2414 extending normal to the surface of the adapter plate 2412. The interface components for the pivot adapter 2404 include a dispersed iron-containing plate 2416, or a plate containing other magnets, to be held in place by the magnetic field provided by the magnets 2410. The pivot adapter also includes locator components, in this embodiment, an opening or opening 2418.

[0104] Once the pair of adapters 2400 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or matching the individual adapters and joining or installing them together. Pins 2414 engage with the openings 2418, limiting relative movement in the X and Y directions. The magnetic field generated by magnets 2410 fixes to adapter 2404, limiting movement in that direction. Therefore, once the adapters are aligned and installed together, no further action by the user is required for reliable limitation of movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Screwing fasteners, inserting pins, moving latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted, but are optional. Furthermore, limitation of movement in the Z direction is achieved without additional user involvement. The adapter pair can also be secured using additional mechanisms, such as retaining pins for passive interface components, or, for example, latches, locking mechanisms, fasteners, or other active devices.

[0105] In another embodiment of the passive interface component (Figure 25), the pair of adapters 2500 includes a tool adapter 2502 and a second adapter 2504, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 2506 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2506 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 2504 also includes a mounting configuration 2508 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2508 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0106] The pair of adapters 2500 include interface components that use retainers and cavities to fix the interfaces together. In this embodiment, the tool adapter 2502 includes a plurality of retainer pins 2510 fixed within the walls of the adapter plate 2512. The size and position of the retainer pins are selected as desired based on the size and weight of the components / assemblies and the load. The tool adapter 2502 includes cavities for receiving the retainer pins, in this embodiment, grooves 2514 extending laterally on both sides of the pivot adapter 2504, only one side of which is shown in Figure 25. The tool adapter 2502 also includes locator components in the form of side walls 2516 and front and rear walls 2518 to help align or match the adapters. The walls also help limit the movement of the adapters relative to each other in the X and Y directions. The retainers within the cavities limit movement in the Z direction.

[0107] Once the pair of adapters 2500 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating the individual adapters, joining them together, and installing them in place. The pivot adapter is positioned within walls 2516 and 2518, and the pivot adapter is pressed into the cavity defined by the wall so that a stopper engages with groove 2514. The stopper limits movement in the Z direction. Thus, once the adapters are aligned and installed together, no further action by the user is required for reliable limitation of movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Screwing fasteners, inserting pins, moving latches, or other elements involving user action may be excluded, but are optional, and limitation of movement in the Z direction is achieved without additional user involvement. In addition, or alternatively, the fastening of the adapter pair can also be accomplished using additional mechanisms, such as magnets for passive interface components, or, for example, latches, locking mechanisms, fasteners, or other active devices.

[0108] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figure 26), a pair of adapters 2600 include a tool adapter 2602 and a second adapter 2604, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 2606 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2606 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 2604 also includes a mounting configuration 2608 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2608 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0109] The paired adapters 2600 include an interface component, using an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this embodiment, a dovetail geometry. The tool adapter 2602 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 2610, and in this embodiment includes a first vertical wall 2612 and a second undercut or angled wall 2614 such that the base of the channel or groove 2610 has a larger surface area than the surface of the opening to the channel in the Z direction. The pivot adapter 2604 is a substantially planar member with three substantially vertical side walls and a converging angled wall that are complementary to the angled wall 2614 in the tool adapter. The angled wall 2614 restricts the movement of the pivot adapter 2604 in the X and Z directions, and the vertical wall 2612 restricts the movement in the X direction.

[0110] The pair of adapters 2600 also include an active locking mechanism, in this embodiment, a drive latch 2616. The drive latch is held in place by a suitable fastener 2618 within a latch cavity 2620 in the tool adapter and can pivot into a continuous latch cavity 2622 on a side surface, in this embodiment, on the upper surface of the pivot adapter. The fastener 2618 may include a stopper, a cam array, or other configuration to hold the latch in the latch cavity 2622 during normal operation.

[0111] Once the pair of adapters 2600 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters with the angled wall of the pivot adapter below the angled wall 2614 of the tool adapter, and by sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter. When the pair of adapters are aligned, the movement of the pivot adapter in the X and Z directions is limited, and when the user moves the latch 2616 into or across the pivot adapter, the movement in the Y direction and all movement in the Z direction are limited. Fastener threading, pin insertion, or other elements involving user action may be excluded, but are optional if desired to include such structures.

[0112] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figure 27-28), a pair of adapters 2700 includes a tool adapter 2702 and a second adapter 2704, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 2706 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2706 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 2704 also includes a mounting configuration 2708 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2708 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0113] The paired adapter 2700 includes an interface component that uses an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this embodiment, dovetail geometry and step geometry. The tool adapter 2702 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 2710, and in this embodiment includes an inverted step wall 2712 that forms a step 2714 extending across the channel or groove 2710. The channel or groove 2710 also includes a second undercut or angled wall 2716. By using the step wall 2712 and the angled wall 2716, the base of the channel or groove 27 has a larger surface area than the surface of the opening to the channel in the Z direction. The pivot adapter 2704 is a substantially planar member with two substantially vertical side walls, a third side step wall 2718, and an angled wall 2720 where the opposing force walls converge. The step wall and angled wall limit the movement of the pivot adapter 2704 in the X and Z directions.

[0114] The paired adapter 2700 also includes an active locking mechanism, in this embodiment, a slide latch 2722, which is held in place beneath a retaining bar 2724. The slide latch can also be positioned in a groove within the side wall of a cavity on which the slide latch slides. The slide latch includes a locking portion 2726 that extends across and / or into a cavity 2730 within the side and / or top of the pivot adapter 2704 when activated by pushing an actuator structure 2728. The slide latch helps to limit the movement of the pivot adapter tool relative to the tool adapter in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0115] Once the pair of adapters 2700 are fixed within their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters with the angled wall of the pivot adapter below the angled wall of the tool adapter and the pivot stair wall below the stair wall of the tool adapter, and by sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter. When the pair of adapters are aligned, the movement of the pivot adapter in the X and Z directions is limited, and when the user moves the latch 2722 into or across the pivot adapter, the movement in the Y direction and all movement in the Z direction are limited. Fastener threading, pin insertion, or other elements involving user action may be excluded, but are optional if desired to include such structures.

[0116] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figure 29-32), a pair of adapters 2900 include a tool adapter 2902 and a second adapter 2904, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 2906 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2906 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 2904 also includes a mounting configuration 2908 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 2908 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0117] The paired adapter 2900 includes an interface component that uses an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this embodiment, a dovetail geometry similar to that described with reference to Figure 26. The tool adapter 2902 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 2910, and in this embodiment includes a first vertical wall 2912 and a second undercut or angled wall 2914 such that the base of the channel or groove 2910 has a larger surface area than the surface of the opening to the channel in the Z direction. The pivot adapter 2904 is a substantially planar member with a dovetail interface component 2916 similar to the dovetail 530, which is attached to, fixed to, or otherwise fabricated on a portion of the planar member. The geometry and configuration of the dovetail interface are substantially similar to the dovetail 530 described herein. The dovetail interface components and the angled wall 2914 restrict the movement of the pivot adapter 2904 in the X and Z directions, while the vertical wall 2912 restricts movement in the X direction.

[0118] The paired adapter 2900 also includes an active fastening mechanism, in this embodiment, a biasing wedge or compression wedge 2918 (Figures 29-30 and 33). The compression wedge includes a sliding plate 2920 and an angled wall 2922. A substantially straight and vertical side wall 2924 is opposite the angled wall 2922, and a boss 2926 extends away from the vertical side wall 2924. A threaded bolt or screw 2928 (Figure 29) is longitudinally fixed to one side of the tool adapter 2902 and is allowed to rotate relative to the tool adapter. The threaded bolt is screwed into the boss 2924, and the rotation of the bolt extends or retracts the compression wedge 2918.

[0119] Once the pair of adapters 2900 are secured to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters, with the inclined wall 2922 of the compression wedge recessed or concealed in the cavity within the tool adapter 2902 directly beneath the cover plate 2930 to which it is secured by multiple fasteners 2932, and by sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter. Once the adapters are aligned, the bolts pivot or rotate, pulling the angled wall 2922 against the complementary angled wall on the interface component 2916, and pressure is applied to the dovetail joint 2916, clamping the dovetail joint between the angled wall 2922 and the angled wall 2914. The pair of adapters are then secured in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Additional fasteners such as screwing, pin insertion, latch movement, or other user actions may be omitted, and the adapters do not need to be fixed to each other, but may be included if desired.

[0120] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figures 34-35), a pair of adapters 3400 includes a tool adapter 3402 and a second adapter 3404, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 3406 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3406 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 3404 also includes a mounting configuration 3408 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3408 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0121] The pair of adapters 3400 include an interface component, which uses an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this embodiment, a groove that is combined with a stair surface. The tool adapter 3402 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 3410, which in this embodiment includes a recessed channel 3412 and a crossing or stair wall 3414. The upward-facing surface of the crossing wall 3414 includes a plurality of positioning elements, in the form of positioning pins 3416 for receiving and positioning a bar or plate 3418. The crossing wall and plate 3418 form a recessed channel 3420.

[0122] The paired adapter 3400 also includes an active fastening mechanism, in this embodiment, a threaded bolt 3422 (Figure 34). The threaded bolt is screwed into a threaded opening in the upper surface of the intersecting wall 3414 and includes a lower bearing surface for supporting the plate 3418. Once the bolt is screwed into its bore, the bearing surface supports the plate 3418, applying pressure to the plate and pushing it downward toward the lower tool adapter 3402.

[0123] Once the pair of adapters 3400 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters with the base walls 3424 on the pivot adapter extending into the recessed grooves 3412 and 3420, and by sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter. When the front and rear surfaces of the pivot adapter are aligned with the front and rear surfaces of the tool adapter, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the Z direction and movement in the X direction is limited. When the user fixes and seats the bolts 3422 to the plate 3418, the plate applies pressure to the lower base walls 3424 on the pivot adapter, holding the pivot adapter in place and limiting its movement in the Y direction and in the X and Z directions. The pair of adapters are then fixed in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Additional fasteners such as screwing, pin insertion, latch movement, or other user actions may be omitted, and the adapters do not need to be fixed to each other, but may be included if desired.

[0124] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the X and Y directions (Figure 36), a pair of adapters 3600 includes a tool adapter 3602 and a second adapter 3604, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 3606 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3606 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 3604 also includes a mounting configuration 3608 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3608 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0125] The pair of adapters 3600 include interface components that use pins or columns and openings to allow for easy assembly of the adapters while limiting movement in the X and Y directions. The tool adapter 3602 includes a pair of spaced-apart pins or columns 3610, each with a separate opening or bore 3612 for receiving a cotter pin or other fastening pin 3614 after the pivot adapter is installed. The pivot adapter includes a pair of positioning openings 3616 for engaging with the individual pins 3610 when the two adapters are aligned and joined together.

[0126] The pair of adapters 3600 have an active fixing configuration, in this embodiment, the pivot adapter 3604 is installed across a pin or column 3610 and against the opposing surface of the tool adapter 3602, and then the engagement of a cotter pin 3614 in a separate bore 3612.

[0127] Once the pair of adapters 3600 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters and by positioning the pivot adapter opening 3616 across a pin or column 3610. With the pivot adapter relative to the opposing surface of the tool adapter 3602, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the X and Y directions is limited. When the user inserts a cotter pin 3614, the pivot adapter 3604 is held relative to the tool adapter in a fixed position on the column, such that the pair of adapters are limited to movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Other elements involving fastener threading, insertion of additional pins, latch movement, or user action may be omitted, and the adapters do not need to be fixed to each other, but are optional if desired.

[0128] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figures 37-38), a pair of adapters 3700 includes a tool adapter 3702 and a second adapter 3704, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration (invisible) for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. In this embodiment, the mounting configuration is fitted into the base of the adapter 3702 and covered by the pivot adapter 3704. The pivot adapter 3704 also includes a mounting configuration 3708 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3708 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0129] The paired adapter 3700 includes an interface component that uses a cavity with an asymmetric cavity configuration, in this embodiment having three substantially straight side walls and a fourth undercut wall. The adapter 3702 includes an asymmetric cavity 3710 defined by three substantially straight vertical side walls 3712 and an undercut or dovetail angled wall 3714. Together, the walls form the asymmetric cavity 3710. The pivot adapter includes three substantially straight walls 3716 and an inclined converging wall 3718.

[0130] The pair of adapters 3700 also include a number of active locking mechanisms, in this embodiment, a drive latch plate 3720 and a threaded or otherwise lockable insertion pin 3722 configured to extend through the wall 3712 into the pivot adapter 3704. When the latch plate and insertion pin are in position, the adapters are locked together, limiting their movement in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0131] Once the pair of adapters 3700 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters. The inclined wall 3718 of the pivot adapter is positioned below the inclined wall 3714 within the tool adapter cavity 3710, and the rest of the pivot adapter is inserted or lowered into the tool adapter cavity 3710. The presence of the pivot adapter within the tool adapter cavity limits its movement in the Z direction, as well as its movement in the X and Y directions. The user can then position the latch plate 3720 across the pivot adapter and insert the pin 3722 into the corresponding opening in the pivot adapter 3704 to secure it. The insertion of any additional fasteners, additional pins, additional latch movement, or other elements involving user action may be omitted and are not necessary for fixing the adapter, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0132] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figure 39-40), a pair of adapters 3900 includes a tool adapter 3902 and a second adapter 3904, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 3906 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3906 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 3904 also includes a mounting configuration 3908 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 3908 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0133] The pair of adapters 3900 may include interface components that use twist connections, or alternatively, they may use bayonet mounts. The tool adapter 3902 includes a slot or groove 3910 through the upper surface 3912 of the tool adapter. The slot 3910 is configured to accommodate a plate or boss 3914 that extends or rises columnar from an adjacent surface of the pivot adapter 3904. The plate 3914 has a shape and surface configuration to allow reliable insertion of the plate through the slot 3910, to contact the bearing surface 3916, and to ensure that it is supported in a cavity 3918 within the bottom surface 3920 of the tool adapter.

[0134] Once the pair of adapters 3900 are fixed to the individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters so that the plate 3914 is fitted through the opening 3910, the components are rotated a quarter turn or 90° relative to each other, and the plate 3914 supports the bearing surface 3916. Once the pivot adapter is aligned in this manner, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the Z direction, as well as movement in the X and Y directions, is limited. The pair of adapters are then fixed in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Other elements involving fastener threading, pin insertion, latch movement, or user action may be omitted, and the adapters do not need to be fixed to each other, but may be included if desired.

[0135] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in 42, a pair of adapters 4100 includes a tool adapter 4102 and a second adapter 4104, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 4106 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, the pattern of the mounting configuration 4106 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 4104 also includes a mounting configuration 4108 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, the pattern for the mounting configuration 4108 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0136] The paired adapter 4100 includes an interface component that uses an asymmetric cavity. The tool adapter 4102, in this embodiment, includes an asymmetric cavity 4110 defined by three vertical walls 4112 and an undercut or inclined wall 4114. In this configuration of the asymmetric cavity, the area of ​​the base of the cavity exceeds the area of ​​the opening defined by the four walls. The pivot adapter 4104 includes three substantially straight vertical walls 4116 conforming to the substantially vertical wall 4112 and a converging inclined wall 4118 conforming to the undercut inclined wall 4114.

[0137] The pair of adapters 4100 also include an active locking mechanism, in this embodiment, a biased lever 4120 biased to engage with the upper surface 4122 of the pivot adapter. The lever 4120 is supported on each side by individual columns 4124 by one or more pins extending into the column and the lever. The lever is biased clockwise by a coil spring (not shown), as seen in Figure 41. The lever is moved out of the path of the pivot adapter 4104 to allow insertion into or release of the pivot adapter into the cavity by pressing the outer or exposed edge surface of the lever counterclockwise, so that adjacent portions of the pivot adapter can move over the path in and out of the cavity. In an alternative configuration, the lever can be linearly biased in a direction that pushes the lever outward, overcoming the path for the pivot adapter into the cavity, by extending the lever across the upper surface 4122, inserting the pivot adapter under the inclined wall 4114, and pressing the opposite side of the pivot adapter against an adjacent edge of the lever. In such a configuration, manual pressing or movement of the lever to insert the pivot adapter into the cavity can be avoided.

[0138] Once the pair of adapters 4100 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters and inserting the inclined wall of the pivot adapter under the inclined wall 4114 into the cavity. The lever 4120 is moved to overcome the path for the pivot adapter into the cavity, and the pivot adapter is seated in the cavity between the straight wall and the inclined wall. As a result, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the straight direction, as well as movement in the X and Y directions, is limited. In addition, when the lever 4120 is released, the lever applies pressure to the upper surface of the pivot adapter 4104, holding the pivot adapter in place and limiting further movement of the pivot adapter in the Z direction. The pair of adapters are then fixed in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Other elements involving fastener threading, pin insertion, latch movement, or user action may be omitted, and the adapters do not need to be fixed to each other, but are optional if desired.

[0139] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (Figures 43-44), a pair of adapters 4300 includes a tool adapter 4302 and a second adapter 4304, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 4306 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 4306 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 4304 also includes a mounting configuration 4308 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 4308 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0140] The paired adapter 4300 includes an interface component that uses a retaining component on the tool adapter and a complementary cavity or receptacle for receiving the retaining component. In an alternative configuration (not shown), the tool adapter may include a cavity conforming to the circumferential geometry of the pivot adapter for receiving a comparable pivot adapter 4304.

[0141] The pair of adapters 4300 also include an active locking mechanism, in this embodiment, a locking lever 4310 on the tool adapter and a complementary cavity, recess, or engaging surface 4312 on the pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes the locking levers 4310 positioned opposite each other, each mounted on a separate pivot bracket 4314 by one or more pins and pivots extending into the separate bracket. Each lever includes an internal active lever arm 4316 and a control lever arm 4318 on either side of the pivot axis. The active lever arm 4316 engages with and supports the corresponding cavity 4312 in the pivot adapter, and the control lever arm includes a bolt or other fastener 4320 that is rotatable within an opening in the control lever arm such that rotation of the bolt raises or lowers the control lever arm, thereby lowering or raising the active lever arm.

[0142] Once the pair of adapters 4300 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters, for example, by sliding them across the opposing surfaces of the tool adapter, with the lever raised sufficiently to allow the tool adapter to move in the Y direction below the lever. When the cavity 4312 in the pivot adapter is aligned with the individual active lever arm 4316, the movement of the pivot adapter is restricted in the Z direction. When the user screws in the bolt 4320 and fixes the active lever arm 4316 into the cavity 4312 of the pivot adapter, the movement of the pivot adapter is restricted in the X, Y, and Z directions. The pair of adapters are then fixed in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Additional fasteners such as screwing, pin insertion, latch movement, or other user actions may be omitted, and the adapters do not need to be fixed to each other, but may be included if desired.

[0143] In another embodiment of the device (interface component) that limits movement in the X direction (Figures 45-47), a pair of adapters 4500 includes a tool adapter 4502 and a second adapter 4504, in this embodiment, a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting configuration 4506 for mounting the adapter on a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or grooving device, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 4506 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the tool. The pivot adapter 4504 also includes a mounting configuration 4508 for mounting the adapter on a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting configuration 4508 would approximate a mounting configuration established within the pivot assembly.

[0144] A pair of adapters 4500 includes interface components that use interlocking blocks. In this embodiment, the tool adapter 4502 includes a mounting plate 4510 and a plurality of interlocking blocks 4512 on the first side 4514 of the mounting plate. The illustrated tool adapter includes three interlocking blocks 4512. The pivot block 4504 also includes a mounting plate 4516 with individual interlocking blocks 4518 mounted on the first surface 4520 of the mounting plate. It should be understood that the individual interlocking blocks 4512 and 4518 have substantially the same geometry, but they can be different while still providing interlocking of the adapters. The interlocking blocks interlock with the corresponding interlocking blocks on the opposite adapter.

[0145] The pair of adapters 4500 also include an active locking mechanism in the form of a double-headed pin 4522, which is inserted into and passes through separate aligned bores within each of the mutual engagement blocks when the mutual engagement blocks are positioned such that their outer surfaces are coplanar to each other. The pin is held in place and secured by a cotter pin or other locking mechanism 4524.

[0146] Once the pair of adapters 4500 are fixed to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters through the interlocking block so that a bore through the block is aligned and a pin 4522 can be inserted into the bore. When the adapters are aligned, the relative movement of the adapters is restricted to the X direction. When the user inserts the pin 4522, the movement of the pivot adapter and tool adapter is restricted to the X, Y, and Z directions, and when the locking portion 4524 is in place, the pair of adapters are then locked in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Other elements involving screwing fasteners, inserting additional pins, moving latches, or user action may be omitted, and it is not necessary to lock the adapters to each other, but they may be included if desired.

[0147] Another embodiment of a concrete finishing tool includes a grooving device 4800 (Figure 48-50) used to provide grooves when concrete hardens. A control assembly, such as either a pivoting assembly or a vibrating assembly, may be used to operate the grooving device, as will be understood by those skilled in the art who are studying this disclosure. In the illustrated configuration, the grooving device 4800 includes a dish-shaped plate 4802 having a bottom surface 4804, curved side walls, and front and rear walls 4806. The grooving device includes a grooving blade 4808 extending along the length of the plate 4802 and a guide column 4810 extending upward from the distal wall of the grooving device.

[0148] Plate 4802 includes a plurality of spars or other reinforcing structures 4812 on the upper surface of the plate. The interface component 4814 is located approximately at the center of the plate, extending laterally or in the X direction to receive a complementary interface component on a control assembly, e.g., a pivot assembly. The interface component 4814 may take any of the configurations described herein and is illustrated to be analogous to the interface component 530 on adapter 500A. The interface component 4814 in the illustrated configuration includes all the structure and function described with respect to the interface component 530 and can be coupled with a suitable interface component associated with a control assembly, e.g., a pivot assembly, a vibration assembly, or equivalent.

[0149] Any of the threaded fasteners described herein for securing interface components together may be complemented or replaced by other fastening mechanisms, including, but not limited to, cam devices, overcenter devices, locking mechanisms, latching mechanisms, and equivalents.

[0150] When in use, concrete finishing devices such as those shown in Figure 1, with or without a vibrating device, are assembled by moving the pivot assembly to laterally align the interface component 600 with the dovetail interface portion 500, and sliding the groove across the dovetail portion until the pivot assembly is centered on the dovetail 500. Fasteners are screwed into the dovetail, placing the groove and dovetail under tension. A handle is inserted into the pivot assembly and secured to a stopper through hole 208, and the display and / or vibrating assembly can be turned on when in use. In this configuration, the front portion 432 is the distal portion of the float, and the rear portion 430 is the proximal portion to the user. The user then advances the float assembly in a conventional outward stroke, either flat or with the front slightly raised. During the return stroke, the trailing edge 431 can be raised slightly, and optionally, the trailing edge can be used to raise or cut off excess concrete, which is then drawn into the cavity 444. The outward and return strokes are repeated as needed with the desired settings until the desired finished configuration is obtained. Optionally, the pivot assembly can be removed from the float assembly, the float can be pivoted 180°, and the pivot assembly can be reattached. In this configuration, the front portion 432 becomes the proximal edge, the trailing edge 431 becomes the distal edge, and the concrete can be further finished as desired. In this configuration, the distal edge is raised slightly during the outward stroke, and then lowered again so that the float is flat during the return stroke. Vibration can be used continuously or at selected times, and if not used continuously, it can be used, for example, before or after the float is pivoted 180°, or as desired by the operator.

[0151] When the float has a concave surface on its bottom or working surface, such as those shown in Figures 13A-13H, the first contact surface 472, or 488A, 488B, 488C, or 498C, is the distal surface, and the finishing device is applied as described above. The float is then pivoted 180°, and the first contact surface becomes the proximal edge. When the float is flat and the first and second surfaces are in contact with the concrete, each surface applies pressure to the concrete, causing the epithelium to rise and disperse. Surface tension brings the epithelium along the concave surface as a function of the curvature or height variation produced by the concave surface. In addition, the sharp distal edge prevents the epithelium from rising to the distal edge.

[0152] When the float has a concave surface on its bottom or working surface, such as those shown in Figures 13B-13H, the finish begins with surface 488, which is the distal surface, and surface 490 becomes the proximal surface. When the concrete is sufficiently flat, the float is pivoted 180°, surface 488 becomes the proximal surface, and the edge 495 can reduce the surface tension of the epithelium and prevent it from moving to the rear wall. The float 486C can continue to be used without pivoting 180°.

[0153] Any of the float configurations described herein can be used in conjunction with end caps and / or weights. When using floats with end caps, it is easier to keep the upper surface of the float free of concrete. In addition, when used in conjunction with weights or end caps and vibration, the vibration mode can be more easily adjusted for the configuration of the float and other devices being used.

[0154] Having described several exemplary implementations, it will become clear that various modifications and alterations can be made without departing from the concepts discussed herein. Such modifications and alterations, though not explicitly described above, are still intended and suggested to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative only.

Claims

1. A vibrating device for a concrete work tool, wherein the vibrating device comprises a vibrating device within a housing, the housing having a housing surface having interface components configured such that the engagement of the interlocking interface components on the concrete work tool limits the movement of the vibrating device away from the concrete work tool, and the engagement of the interface components on the housing and the interlocking interface components is subjected to tension by a fixing element.

2. The vibration device according to claim 1, wherein the engagement between the interface component on the concrete work tool and the interlocking interface component is other than a screw engagement.

3. The vibrating device according to claim 1, wherein the interface component on the housing surface includes at least one of a threaded fastener, a pin, a stopper, a slide lock, a pressure plate, a cotter pin, a twist lock, or a lever for fixing the interface component on the housing surface to the meshing interface component.

4. The vibrating device according to claim 1, wherein the interface component on the housing surface includes a longitudinally extending channel configured to engage with a complementary surface on the interlocking interface component on the concrete work tool.

5. The vibrating device according to claim 4, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes at least one surface, the at least one surface restricting the movement of the vibrating device away from the meshing interface component on the concrete work tool, and restricting the movement of the vibrating device in a direction parallel to the housing surface.

6. The vibrating device according to claim 4, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes a surface that extends at least partially upward and at an angle.

7. The vibration device according to claim 4, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes a dovetail joint portion.

8. The vibration device according to claim 7, wherein the vertically extending channel includes a surface that extends at least partially upward and at an angle, and a second surface that extends substantially parallel to the housing surface.

9. The vibrating device according to claim 1, wherein the fixing element is supported by the housing.

10. A vibrating device for a concrete work tool, the vibrating device comprising a vibrating device within a housing, the housing having a base surface and the channel within the base surface for receiving the interlocking interface component on the concrete work tool, such that the engagement of the interlocking interface component on the concrete work tool with a longitudinally extending channel limits the movement of the vibrating device away from the concrete work tool, the engagement of the channel on the housing with the interlocking interface component is subjected to tension by a fixing element.

11. The vibration device according to claim 10, wherein the vertically extending channel is formed integrally with the surface of the housing base.

12. The vibration device according to claim 10, wherein the vertically extending channel is formed within a mounting element attached to the base surface of the housing.

13. The vibration device according to claim 10, wherein the vertically extending channel includes a dovetail joint portion.

14. The vibrating device according to claim 10, wherein the fixing element is supported by the housing.

15. A vibrator for a concrete work tool, the vibrator comprising a vibrating device within a housing, the housing having a base surface and the channel within the base surface for receiving the interlocking interface component on the concrete work tool, such that the engagement of the interlocking interface component on the concrete work tool with a longitudinally extending channel limits the movement of the vibrator away from the concrete work tool, the vibrator, A vibrating device comprising a fixing element, wherein the fixing element and the channel are configured to place the engagement of the meshing interface components within the channel under tension, and the fixing element includes a pin that is screwed into the housing and into and out of the channel.

16. A vibrating device for a concrete finishing tool, the vibrating device comprising a housing, a vibrating device supported within the housing, a dovetail groove extending longitudinally within a wall supported by the housing, and a fixing device including a portion extending adjacent to the dovetail groove, wherein the fixing device is configured to place the engagement between the dovetail groove and an interface component that meshes with the dovetail groove under tension.

17. The vibrating device according to claim 16, wherein the fixing device includes a portion that extends into the opening into the dovetail groove.

18. The vibrating device according to claim 16, wherein the fixing device includes a pin that is screwed into a part of the housing and can be screwed into the dovetail groove.

19. The vibrating device according to claim 18, wherein the dovetail groove includes a straight wall extending parallel to the surface inside the housing, and the pin is screwed into the straight wall substantially perpendicular to it.

20. A vibrating device for a concrete finishing tool, the vibrating device comprising a housing, a vibrating device supported within the housing, a dovetail groove extending longitudinally within a wall supported by the housing, and a fixing device including a portion extending adjacent to the dovetail groove, wherein the vibrating device includes a rotating element on an axis extending in a direction parallel to the dovetail groove, and the dovetail groove is formed within the surface of the housing.

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