Lanyard retractor and lanyard

Abstract

To provide a winder for lanyards capable of further reliably maintaining an auto-stop state where only pull-out of a strap is allowed and a free state where the strap is freely pulled out and wound up, and the lanyard.SOLUTION: A lanyard 10 comprises a winder 11. The lanyard comprises the winder 11, a ratchet gear 2, a locking lever 3, a lock release lever 4, an operation button 5 and a cover 6, where a base end 51 of the operation button 5 includes an insertion projection 53. When the operation button 5 is caused to slide to the base end side, the operation button 5 presses the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4, so that the insertion projection can be inserted inside the cover 6 along an inner surface of the cover 6.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[[Technical Field]]

[0001] The present invention relates to a retractor for a lanyard and a lanyard. [[Background Art]]

[0002] A conventional retractor for a lanyard is known as a belt winder that achieves a locked state (auto-stop state) in which only pulling out of a belt (strap) is allowed by meshing between a ratchet gear and a meshing portion (ratchet pawl) provided on a cam, and also achieves a free state in which pulling out and winding of the belt are freely permitted, wherein the meshing between the ratchet gear and the meshing portion provided on the cam is released by operation of a switching lever (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [[Prior Art Literature]] [[Patent Literature]]

[0003] [[Patent Document 1]] Utility Model Registration No. 3097944 Gazette [[Summary of the Invention]] [[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]]

[0004] According to the above-described belt winder, the switching lever can be slid along an elongated hole portion provided in the switching lever. Accordingly, when the switching lever is slid in a direction approaching the cam, the lower part of the distal end portion of the switching lever does not press the protruding portion of the cam, so that the ratchet gear and the meshing portion provided on the cam are caused to mesh with each other. In this case, the belt winder enters the auto-stop state. On the other hand, when the switching lever is slid in a direction moving away from the cam, the lower part of the distal end portion of the switching lever presses the protruding portion of the cam, so that the meshing between the ratchet gear and the meshing portion provided on the cam is released. In this case, the belt winder enters the free state.

[0005] However, because the above-mentioned belt winding mechanism only uses the lower part of the tip of the switching lever to press against the protruding part of the cam, it may switch from the free state to the auto-stop state in unexpected situations, such as when an unexpected impact is applied.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a lanyard retractor and a lanyard that can more reliably maintain an auto-stop state in which only the extension of the strap is permitted, and a free state in which the extension and retraction of the strap are freely permitted. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] (1) The lanyard winding device according to the present invention is a lanyard winding device used for a lanyard, comprising: a ratchet gear rotatable in accordance with the pulling out and winding of the strap; a locking lever having a ratchet pawl that can engage with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet gear; a locking release lever that can release the locking between the ratchet teeth and the ratchet pawl; an operating button that can operate the locking release lever; and a cover housing the ratchet gear, the locking lever, the locking release lever and the operating button, wherein the locking lever is held so as to be swingable around a first axis by a first axis located at the base end portion of the locking lever, and the tip portion of the locking lever The ratchet pawl is provided on the inside of the locking lever, and a pressure-receiving piece is provided at the base end of the locking lever to cause the locking lever to swing so that the tip of the locking lever separates from the ratchet gear when pressed, the release lever is held so as to be able to swing around a second shaft located at the base end of the release lever, and a pressing piece is provided on the inside of the release lever to press the pressure-receiving piece of the locking lever when the tip of the release lever is pressed, the operation button is slidably mounted on the tip of the release lever and is exposed through an opening formed in the cover, and further, The base end of the operation button is provided with an insertion projection that, when the operation button is slid toward the base end, presses against the tip of the lock release lever while being inserted into the inside of the cover along the inner surface of the cover.

[0008] (2) In the lanyard winding device described in (1) above, it is preferable that the insertion projection has a tapered surface connected to the tip of the insertion projection.

[0009] (3) In the lanyard winding device described in (1) or (2) above, it is preferable that the cover has a tapered surface connected to the base end opening edge of the cover.

[0010] (4) In any one of the lanyard winding devices described in (1) to (3) above, it is preferable that the cover has a groove on its inner surface that is connected to the base end opening edge of the cover, which can accommodate the insertion projection.

[0011] (5) In any one of the lanyard winding devices described in (1) to (4) above, it is preferable that the cover is provided with a first stopper that can come into contact with the insertion projection of the operation button when the operation button is slid toward the base end.

[0012] (6) In any one of the lanyard winding devices described in (1) to (5) above, the cover preferably includes a second stopper that can contact the insertion projection of the operating button when the insertion projection of the operating button is deformed inward.

[0013] (7) In any one of the lanyard winding devices described in (1) to (6) above, it is preferable that the operating button and the cover are provided with locking means such that when the operating button is slid toward the base end, the operating button is locked to the cover, while when the operating button is slid toward the tip, the locking between the operating button and the cover is released.

[0014] (8) The lanyard according to the present invention comprises one of the lanyard winding devices described in (1) to (7) above, a shock absorber, a user-side fixing part, and a structure-side fixing part.

[0015] (9) In the lanyard described in (8) above, it is preferable that the extension of the shock absorber is set to the same extension as that of the shock absorber of a full-body harness type lanyard. In this case, the lanyard can be used for both a body belt type fall arrest device and a full-body harness type fall arrest device.

[0016] (10) In the lanyard described in (8) or (9) above, the user-side fixing part is preferably a carabiner equipped with a twist-lock mechanism. In this case, the user-side fixing part can be made smaller. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lanyard retractor and a lanyard that can more reliably maintain an auto-stop state in which only the extension of the strap is permitted, and a free state in which the extension and retraction of the strap are freely permitted. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This is a schematic side view of a lanyard from the left side according to one embodiment of the present invention, and the lanyard is equipped with a lanyard winding device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic bottom view showing the lanyard of Figure 1 from below. [Figure 3] Figure 1 is a schematic enlarged view showing the user-side fixing part of the lanyard from the front, and the user-side fixing part is shown in its initial state with the safety device functioning. [Figure 4] Figure 1 is a schematic enlarged view showing the user-side fixing part of the lanyard from the front, with the safety device released. [Figure 5] It is an enlarged schematic view from the left side showing an open state of the hook closing member of the user-side fixing part in FIG. 3. [Figure 6] It is a schematic side view showing the main parts of the lanyard winder in FIG. 1 when the lanyard winder is in an automatic stop state, wherein the contour of the operating side cover is shown by imaginary lines. [Figure 7] It is a schematic side view showing the main parts of the lanyard winder in FIG. 1 when the lanyard winder is in a free state, wherein the contour of the operating side cover is shown by imaginary lines. [Figure 8] It is an enlarged schematic view showing the main part of the base end side of the operation button of the lanyard winder in FIG. 1 from the mounting side to the winding substrate. [Figure 9] It is an enlarged schematic view showing the main part of the operating side cover of the lanyard winder in FIG. 1 from the mounting side to the winding substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a lanyard winder and a lanyard according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, definitions are given as follows.

[0020] The side from which the strap is pulled out of the winder is defined as the front side, and the side on which the strap is wound into the winder is defined as the rear side. In addition, the left side and the right side are defined based on the view from the rear side toward the front side. Furthermore, the side where the user-side fixing part is disposed is the upper side, and the side where the winder is disposed is the lower side. However, these definitions are for convenience of description only.

[0021] FIG. 1 schematically shows a lanyard 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention from the left side. FIG. 2 schematically shows the lanyard 10 from the lower side.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1, the lanyard 10 comprises a lanyard retractor 11 (hereinafter also simply referred to as "retractor 11"), a shock absorber 12, a structure-side fixing part 13, and a user-side fixing part 14.

[0023] The structural fixing part 13 is removably fixed to the structure in preparation for falling during low-altitude work or high-altitude work. Here, low-altitude work refers to work at a height of 2m to less than 6.75m from the ground to the work platform. High-altitude work refers to work at a height of 6.75m or more from the ground to the work platform. Furthermore, the structure refers to, for example, the framework (beams) of a building or a part of scaffolding.

[0024] Referring to Figure 2, in this embodiment, the structure-side fixing part 13 is a hook with a safety device. In this embodiment, the hook with a safety device is a carabiner with a gate lock structure equipped with a swingable safety device. The structure-side fixing part 13 comprises a hook body 13a that can be hooked onto the structure, and a hook closing member 13b for preventing the hook body 13a from coming off the structure. The hook closing member 13b is held relative to the hook body 13a so as to be swingable in the circumferential direction around a pin P1. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, in the initial position, the hook closing member 13b closes the open portion (tip portion) of the hook body 13a from the inside of the hook body 13a. The hook body 13a can be hooked onto the structure by pushing the hook closing member 13b toward the hook body 13a. In this embodiment, the hook closing member 13b is biased toward closing the open portion of the hook body 13a by a closing-side biasing member (not shown). The closing biasing member can be, for example, an elastic member such as a spring. As a result, when the push of the hook closing member 13b toward the hook body 13a is released, the biasing force (restoring force) of the closing biasing member causes it to automatically return to the initial position shown in Figure 2. Therefore, the structure-side fixing part 13 can be securely fixed to the structure without detaching from it.

[0025] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the structure-side fixing portion 13 is equipped with a safety device 13c for preventing the hook closing member 13b from being pushed in, as described above. The safety device 13c is held relative to the hook body 13a so as to be able to swing circumferentially around the pin P2. The safety device 13c is equipped with a guide hole 13d for guiding the hook closing member 13b. The pin P3 provided on the hook closing member 13b slides through the guide hole 13d. When the safety device 13c is pushed towards the hook body 13a together with the hook closing member 13b from the initial position in Figure 2, the hook closing member 13b can be swung towards the hook body 13a along the guide hole 13d. On the other hand, when the pushing toward the hook body 13a is released, the hook closing member 13b automatically returns to the initial position in contact with the hook closing member 13b by the biasing force (restoring force) of the closing-side biasing member. Then, as the hook closing member 13b automatically returns to its original position, the safety device 13c also returns to its initial position as shown in Figure 2. Thus, in this embodiment, the structure-side fixing part 13 cannot push in the hook closing member 13b unless the safety device 13c is operated together with the hook closing member 13b. Therefore, the structure-side fixing part 13 can more reliably prevent the structure-side fixing part 13 from unintentionally detaching from the structure.

[0026] Next, Figure 1 shows the user-side fixing part 14. The user-side fixing part 14 is detachably fixed to the waist belt or full harness worn by the user in preparation for falls during work at low or high places. Specifically, the user-side fixing part 14 is detachably fixed to an attachment device such as a D-ring (hereinafter also referred to as "safety belt attachment device") provided on the waist belt or full harness of the fall arrest device (also called "safety belt").

[0027] In this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 is also a hook with a safety device. However, in this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 is a carabiner with a twist-lock structure equipped with a rotatable safety device. The user-side fixing part 14 comprises a hook body 14a that can be hooked onto the safety belt side attachment, and a hook closing member 14b for preventing the hook body 14a from coming off the safety belt side attachment. The hook closing member 14b is held relative to the hook body 14a so as to be able to swing circumferentially around a pin P4 (see Figure 3). As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the hook closing member 14b closes the open portion (tip portion) of the hook body 14a in its initial position. The hook body 14a can be hooked onto the safety belt side attachment by operating the safety device 14c (described later) to the release side and then pushing the hook closing member 14b toward the hook body 14a. In this embodiment, the hook closing member 14b is biased to close the open portion of the hook body 14a by a closing-side biasing member (not shown) fixed to the hook closing member 14b. The closing-side biasing member can be, for example, a leaf spring. As a result, when the push of the hook closing member 14b toward the hook body 14a is released, the biasing force (restoring force) of the closing-side biasing member causes it to automatically return to the initial position shown in Figure 1. Therefore, the user-side fixing portion 14 can be securely fixed to the safety belt-side mounting device without detaching from it.

[0028] Figure 3 schematically shows the user-side fixing part 14 from the front. In Figure 3, the user-side fixing part 14 is shown in the initial state with the safety device 14c functioning, similar to Figure 1. Figure 4 schematically shows the state with the safety device 14c released. Furthermore, Figure 5 schematically shows the state in which the hook closing member 14b is open in the user-side fixing part 14 shown in Figure 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, the user-side fixing portion 14 is equipped with a safety device 14c for preventing the hook closing member 14b from being pushed in, as described above. Referring to Figure 3, the safety device 14c is a sleeve surrounding the hook closing member 14b. The safety device 14c is rotatably held by the hook closing member 14b. Specifically, the safety device 14c is held by the hook closing member 14b so that it can be rotated circumferentially around the extending axis of the hook closing member 14b.

[0030] In addition, in this embodiment, the safety device 14c is biased to the initial position shown in Figure 3 relative to the hook closing member 14b by a return-side biasing member (not shown) arranged around the hook closing member 14b. The return-side biasing member can be, for example, a coil spring with one end fixed to the hook closing member 14b and the other end fixed to the safety device 14c. The safety device 14c can be rotated to the position shown in Figure 4 against the biasing force (restoring force) of the return-side biasing member. Furthermore, when the rotation (twisting) of the safety device 14c is released, the safety device 14c can be automatically returned to the initial position shown in Figure 3 by the biasing force (restoring force) of the return-side biasing member.

[0031] Referring to Figure 4, in this embodiment, the hook closing member 14b is provided with a slit groove 14e capable of accommodating the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a. In this embodiment, the tip portion (open portion) 14d of the hook body 14a is composed of a head 14d1 and a waist 14d2 connected to the head 14d1 and narrower in width (left-right direction) than the head 14d1. Also in this embodiment, the slit groove 14e of the hook closing member 14b is formed at the upper end of the hook closing member 14b. In this embodiment, the slit groove 14e is composed of a wide groove 14e1 capable of accommodating the head 14d1 and a narrow groove 14e2 connected to the wide groove 14e1 and narrower in width (left-right direction) than the wide groove 14e1. The narrow groove 14e2 is open at the upper end of the hook closing member 14b. In this embodiment, the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a and the slit groove 14e of the hook closing member 14b each have an inverted T-shape when viewed from the front (rear) side, as shown in Figure 4, with the head 14d1 and the wide groove 14e1 protruding in the left-right direction.

[0032] As in the user-side fixing part 14 of this embodiment, by adding a head 14d1 to the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a and adding a wide groove 14e1 to the slit groove 14e of the hook closing member 14b, and configuring the head 14d1 to be housed in the wide groove 14e1, the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a can increase both the contact area with the safety device 14c and the contact area with the hook closing member 14b compared to the case where the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a consists only of the waist 14d2 and the slit groove 14e of the hook closing member 14b consists only of the narrow groove 14e2. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 is superior in terms of strength.

[0033] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4, the safety device 14c is provided with a cutout 14f that, when rotated relative to the hook closing member 14b, opens a portion of the hook closing member 14b to the outside. In this embodiment, the safety device 14c is provided with two cutouts 14f. Of the two cutouts 14f, the cutout 14f that leads to the upper end of the safety device 14c can open the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a to the outside through the slit groove 14e of the hook closing member 14b. On the other hand, of the two cutouts 14f, the cutout 14f that leads to the lower end of the safety device 14c can open the lower portion of the hook body 14a to the outside.

[0034] In this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 rotates the safety device 14c to the position shown in Figure 4 against the biasing force (restoring force) of the return-side biasing member, and then pushes the safety device 14c toward the hook body 14a. As shown in Figure 5, the hook closing member 14b is pushed toward the hook body 14a together with the safety device 14c. In this embodiment, when the push toward the hook body 14a is released, the hook body 14a automatically returns to the initial position shown in Figure 1 due to the biasing force (restoring force) of the closing-side biasing member. Subsequently, the safety device 14c automatically returns from the position shown in Figure 4 to the initial position shown in Figure 3 due to the biasing force (restoring force) of the return-side biasing member. As a result, the safety device 14c covers the tip portion 14d of the hook body 14a and also covers the lower portion of the hook body 14a, as shown in Figure 3. Therefore, in this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 cannot push the hook closing member 14b towards the hook body 14a through the safety device 14c unless the safety device 14c is rotated again. Thus, the user-side fixing part 14 can more reliably prevent the user-side fixing part 14 from unintentionally detaching from the safety belt side attachment. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 is a carabiner equipped with a twist lock mechanism. In this case, the user-side fixing part 14 can be made smaller compared to a carabiner equipped with a gate lock mechanism.

[0035] The winding device 11 is a winding device for a lanyard according to one embodiment of the present invention. The winding device 11 enables the extension and retraction of the strap 15.

[0036] Referring to Figure 3, the winder 11 includes a bobbin 16 on which the strap 15 can be wound. The bobbin 16 has a body 16a to which one end of the strap 15 is fixed, and two flanges 16b. The two flanges 16b are each provided at the end of the body 16a. In this embodiment, the body 16a is a cylindrical member through which a shaft 16c (see, for example, Figure 6) passes. In this embodiment, the shaft 16c is integrally fixed to the body 16a of the bobbin 16.

[0037] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the winding device 11 is equipped with a support frame 17. The support frame 17 comprises a left portion 17a positioned on the left outer side (right outer side in the drawing) of the bobbin 16, and a right portion 17b positioned on the right outer side (left outer side in the drawing) of the bobbin 16. The left end of the shaft 16c passes through a through hole formed in the left portion 17a of the support frame 17 and is rotatably supported by the left portion 17a of the support frame 17 (not shown). The right end of the shaft 16c passes through a through hole formed in the right portion 17b of the support frame 17 and is rotatably supported by the right portion 17b of the support frame 17 (not shown). In other words, in this embodiment, the bobbin 16 is rotatably supported by the support frame 17 via the shaft 16c. The left portion 17a and the right portion 17b of the support frame 17 are connected by a lower portion 17c, as shown in Figure 2. The support frame 17 can be formed, for example, by bending.

[0038] Furthermore, referring to Figure 3, the winding device 11 comprises a winding-side substrate 18 and a winding-side cover 19. In this embodiment, the winding-side substrate 18 is covered by the winding-side cover 19. A space R1 for arranging the winding means W is formed between the winding-side substrate 18 and the winding-side cover 19. The winding means W can be, for example, a spiral spring. Note that in Figure 3, a part of the winding-side cover 19 is omitted, making the winding means W, which is arranged inside the winding-side cover 19, visible.

[0039] In this embodiment, the winding-side substrate 18 is attached to the winding-side cover 19 (not shown). Furthermore, in this embodiment, the winding-side cover 19 is attached to the right-side portion 17b of the support frame 17 (not shown). In other words, in this embodiment, the winding-side substrate 18 is attached to the right-side portion 17b of the support frame 17 via the winding-side cover 19.

[0040] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4, in this embodiment, the shaft 16c rotatably passes through a through hole (not shown) formed in the winding-side substrate 18. As a result, the right end of the shaft 16c is exposed to the space R1 formed between the winding-side substrate 18 and the winding-side cover 19. Note that in Figure 4, a part of the winding-side cover 19 is further omitted to make the winding means W, which is located inside the winding-side cover 19, visible. In this embodiment, one end of the winding means W located in space R1 is fixed to at least one of the winding-side substrate 18 and the winding-side cover 19. Furthermore, the other end of the winding means W is fixed to the right end of the shaft 16c. As a result, in this embodiment, the strap 15 wound on the bobbin 16 can be pulled out from the winder 11 by pulling it out against the biasing force (restoring force) of the winding means W. Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the strap 15 is released, the biasing force (restoring force) of the winding means W allows the pulled-out strap 15 to be automatically wound onto the bobbin 16.

[0041] In addition, the winding device 11 includes an operating-side cover 6 and an operating-side circuit board 8. In this embodiment, the operating-side circuit board 8 is covered by the operating-side cover 6. A space R2 (see Figure 6) for arranging operating buttons 5, etc., is formed between the operating-side cover 6 and the operating-side circuit board 8.

[0042] Referring to Figure 3, in this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 is attached to the outside of the left portion 17a of the support frame 17. Also, in this embodiment, the operating-side substrate 8 is attached to the inside of the left portion 17a of the support frame 17. In other words, in this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 and the operating-side substrate 8 are attached to the left portion 17a of the support frame 17 so as to sandwich the left portion 17a of the support frame 17.

[0043] Figure 6 schematically shows the main parts of the winding device 11 when it is in the auto-stop state. Figure 7 schematically shows the main parts of the winding device 11 when it is in the free state. In Figures 6 and 7, the support frame 17 is omitted, and the contour shape of the operating side cover 6 is shown by dashed lines.

[0044] As shown in Figure 6, the winding device 11 includes a ratchet gear 2 that can rotate in accordance with the pulling out and winding of the strap 15, a locking lever 3 equipped with a ratchet pawl 3a that can engage with the ratchet teeth 2a provided on the ratchet gear 2, a locking release lever 4 that can release the locking between the ratchet teeth 2a and the ratchet pawl 3a, an operating button 5 that can operate the locking release lever 4, and an operating side cover 6 (cover) that houses the ratchet gear 2, locking lever 3, locking release lever 4 and the operating button 5.

[0045] In this embodiment, the ratchet gear 2 is integrally mounted to the shaft 16c. That is, in this embodiment, the ratchet gear 2 rotates integrally with the shaft 16c. In this embodiment, the rotational axis of the ratchet gear 2 coincides with the rotational axis O1 of the shaft 16c (hereinafter also simply referred to as "axis O1"). In this embodiment, the ratchet teeth 2a are configured to allow rotation in the pulling direction (counterclockwise in Figure 6) around axis O1.

[0046] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the operating-side substrate 8 and the operating-side cover 6 are circular in side view, as shown in Figure 6, with axis O1 as the center. In the following description, the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of axis O1 is also referred to as the "radial direction." The side of the radial direction closer to axis O1 is also referred to as the "inner radial direction," and the side of the radial direction further away from axis O1 is also referred to as the "outer radial direction."

[0047] The locking lever 3 is held so as to be able to swing around the first shaft 7a, which is located at the base end portion 31 of the locking lever 3. In this embodiment, the locking lever 3 is held so as to be able to swing circumferentially around the first shaft 7a, which is provided on the operating side base plate 8. In this embodiment, the base end portion 31 of the locking lever 3 is located radially outward from the ratchet gear 2. A ratchet pawl 3a is provided on the inside of the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3. In this embodiment, the ratchet pawl 3a is configured to prevent rotation in the winding direction (clockwise in Figure 6) around the axis O1 when it is caught and locked on the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2. In this embodiment, the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 is biased by the first elastic member 9a toward the side (radially inward) toward which the ratchet pawl 3a is engaged with the ratchet teeth 2a. As a result, in this embodiment, the ratchet pawl 3a of the locking lever 3 is initially locked to the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2. In this embodiment, one end of the first elastic member 9a is held by the operating side substrate 8, and the other end of the first elastic member 9a presses against the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3. The first elastic member 9a can be, for example, a coil spring.

[0048] In addition, the base portion 31 of the locking lever 3 is provided with a pressure-receiving piece 33 that, when pressed, causes the locking lever 3 to swing so that the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 separates from the ratchet gear 2. In this embodiment, the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 can be separated from the ratchet gear 2 by pressing the pressure-receiving piece 33 inward (radially inward). In other words, the locking between the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2 and the ratchet pawl 3a of the locking lever 3 can be released by pressing the pressure-receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3. In this embodiment, the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 can be separated from the ratchet gear 2, as shown in Figure 7, by pressing the pressure-receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3 against the biasing force (restoring force) of the first elastic member 9a. On the other hand, in this embodiment, when the pressure on the pressure receiving piece 33 is released, the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 automatically returns to the initial position shown in Figure 6 due to the biasing force (restoring force) of the first elastic member 9a.

[0049] The release lever 4 is held so as to be able to swing around the second shaft 7b, which is located at the base end portion 41 of the release lever 4. In this embodiment, the release lever 4 is held so as to be able to swing circumferentially around the second shaft 7b, which is provided on the operating side base plate 8. In this embodiment, the second shaft 7b is located radially outward from the first shaft 7a. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second shaft 7b is also located in the pulling direction (counterclockwise in Figure 6) of the first shaft 7a. In addition, a pressing piece 43 is provided on the inside of the release lever 4, which presses the pressure receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3 by pressing the tip portion 42 of the release lever 4. In this embodiment, the pressing piece 43 of the release lever 4 presses the pressure receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3 radially inward, thereby separating the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 from the ratchet gear 2. In other words, the locking between the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2 and the ratchet pawl 3a of the locking lever 3 can be released when the pressing piece 43 of the locking release lever 4 presses against the pressure receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3. In this embodiment, the tip portion 42 of the locking release lever 4 is biased by the second elastic member 9b toward the side (radially outward) where the pressing piece 43 does not press against the pressure receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3. As a result, the initial state (initial position) of the pressing piece 43 of the locking release lever 4 is one in which it does not press against the pressure receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3. In this embodiment, one end of the second elastic member 9b is held by the operating side base plate 8, and the other end of the second elastic member 9b presses against the base end portion 41 of the locking release lever 4. The second elastic member 9b can be, for example, a coil spring.

[0050] The operation button 5 is slidably mounted on the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4 and is exposed through an opening A formed in the operation side cover 6.

[0051] In this embodiment, the operation button 5 is provided with a sliding projection 54 on the inside of its tip portion 52. The sliding projection 54 protrudes inward (radially inward) from the inner surface (radially inward) of the tip portion 52 of the operation button 5. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the lock release lever 4 is provided with a sliding groove 44 on its tip portion 42. The sliding groove 44 accommodates the sliding projection 54 of the operation button 5 and guides the sliding projection 54 so that it can slide in the extending direction of the slide groove 44. In this embodiment, the sliding groove 44 is a through groove that penetrates the lock release lever 4 radially. In this embodiment, the sliding groove 44 extends from the tip of the lock release lever 4 in the extending direction of the lock release lever 4 (circumferential direction of axis O1). The sliding projection 54 of the operation button 5 is inserted into the sliding groove 44 of the lock release lever 4 from the outside of the lock release lever 4. This allows the operation button 5 to slide along the outer surface of the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4.

[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the opening A is formed in the peripheral wall 6a of the operating side cover 6. Referring to Figure 4, in this embodiment, the operating side cover 6 comprises a cylindrical peripheral wall 6a and a side wall 6b that closes one end of the peripheral wall 6a. In this embodiment, the opening A is an opening formed by cutting out a part of the peripheral wall 6a so that the other end of the peripheral wall 6a (the left end in the drawing) is open. In this embodiment, the opening A is formed by the opening edge 6e of the operating side cover 6.

[0053] Furthermore, referring to Figure 6, the base end portion 51 of the operation button 5 is provided with an insertion projection 53 that can be inserted into the inside of the operation-side cover 6 along the inner surface of the operation-side cover 6 while the operation button 5 is slid toward the base end, causing the operation button 5 to press against the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4.

[0054] Here, the base portion of the operation button 5 corresponds to the base portion 41 of the lock release lever 4. Also, the tip portion of the operation button 5 corresponds to the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4.

[0055] Referring to Figure 6, in this embodiment, the insertion projection 53 is a plate-shaped projection that protrudes integrally from the base end portion 51 of the operation button 5. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, the insertion projection 53 is positioned inside the opening A of the operation-side cover 6 together with the operation button 5 in the initial state (initial position). Specifically, as shown in Figure 6, the insertion projection 53 is positioned inside the opening A of the operation-side cover 6 together with the operation button 5 in the auto-stop state where the operation button 5 is slid toward the tip.

[0056] As shown in Figure 6, when the operation button 5 is positioned inside the opening A of the operating-side cover 6 together with the insertion projection 53, the operation button 5, together with the release lever 4, is maintained in a state where the pressing piece 43 of the release lever 4 does not press against the pressure-receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3 by the biasing force of the second elastic member 9b. Therefore, the locking lever 3 is maintained in a state where the ratchet pawl 3a of the locking lever 3 is locked to the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2 by the biasing force of the first elastic member 9a. Consequently, as shown in Figure 6, in the auto-stop state where the operation button 5 is slid toward the tip, it is only possible to pull out the strap 15 wound on the bobbin 16 from the bobbin 16. In addition, in the auto-stop state, the pulling out of the strap 15 is a stepwise process corresponding to the locking distance between the ratchet teeth 2a and the ratchet pawl 3a.

[0057] Furthermore, in the auto-stop state shown in Figure 6, the pulled-out strap 15 can be re-wound onto the bobbin 16. Rewinding the strap 15 in the auto-stop state can be done by pressing the operation button 5.

[0058] When the operation button 5 is pushed inward (radially inward), the pressing piece 43 of the lock release lever 4 pushes the pressure receiving piece 33 of the lock lever 3 radially inward against the biasing force of the second elastic member 9b. The downward push of the pressure receiving piece 33 of the lock lever 3 separates the tip portion 32 of the lock lever 3 from the ratchet gear 2 against the biasing force of the first elastic member 9a. As a result, the lock between the ratchet pawl 3a of the lock lever 3 and the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2 is released. Therefore, even in the auto-stop state shown in Figure 6, pressing the operation button 5 puts the strap 15 into a free state where both pulling out and winding can be done. In particular, in this embodiment, since a winding means W is provided, when the pull-out of the strap 15 is released, the strap 15 can be automatically wound onto the bobbin 16.

[0059] Figure 7 shows the free state with the operation button 5 slid towards the base end. When the operation button 5 is slid towards the base end, the insertion projection 53, which was located inside the opening A, is inserted into the inside (radially inward) of the operation side cover 6 from the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operation side cover 6. Specifically, the insertion projection 53 of the operation button 5 is held against the inner surface of the peripheral wall 6a of the operation side cover 6 by sliding while in contact with the inner surface of the peripheral wall 6a of the operation side cover 6. As a result, the operation button 5 is fixed inside (radially inward) of the operation side cover 6 together with the insertion projection 53. In other words, the operation button 5, with its insertion projection 53 inserted into the inside of the operation side cover 6, pushes down the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4 radially inward. The pushing down of the tip portion 42 of the lock release lever 4 pushes down the pressure receiving piece 33 of the lock lever 3 via the pressing piece 43 of the lock release lever 4. Furthermore, pressing down the pressure-receiving piece 33 of the locking lever 3 separates the tip portion 32 of the locking lever 3 from the ratchet gear 2. This releases the locking between the ratchet pawl 3a of the locking lever 3 and the ratchet teeth 2a of the ratchet gear 2. Therefore, in the free state shown in Figure 7, both pulling out and winding the strap 15 is possible. In particular, in this embodiment, since a winding means W is provided, releasing the pull-out of the strap 15 allows the strap 15 to be automatically wound onto the bobbin 16.

[0060] The winding device 11 enables the extension and retraction of the strap 15, thereby suppressing any obstruction to work that may occur due to slack in the strap 15.

[0061] Incidentally, fall protection equipment comes in two types: waist belt type and full harness type. Accordingly, lanyards must also be used differently depending on whether they are waist belt type or full harness type. Full harness type lanyards are generally attached to the user's back, where they are difficult to reach. For this reason, it is preferable that the retractor is always in a free state, allowing the strap to be retracted. In contrast, waist belt type lanyards are generally attached around the waist, where they are easily accessible to the user. For this reason, it is preferable that the retractor is in an auto-stop state, which minimizes the feeling of restraint associated with retracting the strap.

[0062] However, if lanyards are divided into waist belt type and full harness type, there is a risk of them being used in the wrong combination. In addition, in this case, it is necessary to have multiple lanyards on hand.

[0063] The conventional belt winding machine described above allows switching between an auto-stop state and a free state in a single lanyard by sliding a switch lever on the belt winding machine. However, the switch lever on the conventional belt winding machine may switch unintentionally.

[0064] In contrast, the reel 11 can also be switched between an auto-stop state and a free state by sliding the operation button 5. This allows the reel 11 to be used for both full-body harness type reel and waist belt type reel. Moreover, when the free state is achieved by sliding the operation button 5, the insertion projection 53 of the operation button 5 is fixed by being held by the operation side cover 6 inside (radially inward) of the operation side cover 6. Therefore, the reel 11 can more reliably maintain an auto-stop state in which only the extension of the strap 15 is permitted, and a free state in which the extension and extension of the strap 15 are freely controlled.

[0065] In addition, the winding unit 11, as in the conventional model, can be switched between the auto-stop state and the free state by simply sliding the operation button 5. Furthermore, even when the winding unit 11 is in the auto-stop state, it can be put into the free state by pressing the operation button 5. In addition, the free state in the auto-stop state can be ended by releasing the pressure on the operation button 5.

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, the insertion projection 53 is thinner (radially thicker) than the base end portion 51 of the operation button 5. As a result, the insertion projection 53 can be inserted relatively easily into the inside of the operation-side cover 6 from the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operation-side cover 6 by sliding the operation button 5 toward the base end.

[0067] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the insertion projection 53 is provided with a tapered surface 53b connected to the tip 53a of the insertion projection 53. In this case, the insertion projection 53 can be easily inserted into the inside of the operating side cover 6.

[0068] Figure 8 schematically shows the main part of the base end of the operation button 5 from the side where it is attached to the operation side circuit board 8.

[0069] In this embodiment, the tapered surface 53b is inclined outward from the tip 53a. More specifically, the tapered surface 53b is inclined radially outward from the tip 53a of the insertion projection 53 toward the base end portion 51 of the operation button 5. In this embodiment, the insertion projection 53 of the operation button 5 can be easily inserted into the inside of the operation side cover 6 from the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operation side cover 6 by using the tapered surface 53b of the insertion projection 53 as a guide.

[0070] In addition, in this embodiment, the tip 53a of the insertion projection 53 is formed by a curved surface that is convex outward in a side view, as shown in Figure 8. More specifically, the tip 53a of the insertion projection 53 is a curved surface with a radius of curvature r5, with its center O located on the side of the base portion 51 of the operation button 5. However, the tip 53a of the insertion projection 53 is not limited to being formed by a curved surface.

[0071] Figure 9 schematically shows the main parts of the operating-side cover 6 from the side where it is attached to the operating-side circuit board 8.

[0072] In this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 is provided with a tapered surface 61 that is connected to the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operating-side cover 6. In this case, the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 can be easily inserted into the inside of the operating-side cover 6.

[0073] In this embodiment, the tapered surface 61 connected to the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operating side cover 6 is inclined inward from the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operating side cover 6. More specifically, the tapered surface 61 is inclined radially inward as it moves away from the base end opening edge 6e1. In this embodiment, the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 can be easily inserted into the inside of the operating side cover 6 from the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operating side cover 6 by using the tapered surface 61 of the operating side cover 6 as a guide.

[0074] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 is provided with a groove 62 on its inner surface, which is connected to the base end opening edge 6e1 of the operating-side cover 6, capable of accommodating the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5. In this case, the insertion projection 53 can be easily inserted into the inside of the operating-side cover 6.

[0075] In this embodiment, the bottom surface F62 of the groove 62 is positioned outside (radially outward) of the inner surface F6 of the peripheral wall 6a of the operating side cover 6. In this embodiment, the depth (radial depth) D6 of the groove 62 is the depth (radial depth) between the inner surface F6 of the peripheral wall 6a and the bottom surface F62 of the groove 62. In this embodiment, the insertion projection 53 can be easily inserted into the inside of the operating side cover 6 by the amount of the groove 62's depth D6.

[0076] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 is provided with a first stopper 63 that can come into contact with the insertion projection 53 when the operating button 5 is slid toward the base end. In this case, the sliding of the operating button 5 is restricted, allowing the operating button 5 to be accurately positioned toward the base end of the opening A.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first stopper 63 is a wall integrally formed with the side wall 6b of the operating side cover 6. The first stopper 63 can make contact with the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 when the operating button 5 is slid to the base end side by an appropriate amount. This allows the operating button 5 to be accurately positioned to the base end side of the opening A.

[0078] In particular, in this embodiment, the first stopper 63 is a wall that protrudes inward (radially inward) from the inner circumferential surface F6 of the peripheral wall 6a of the operating side cover 6. In this case, since the first stopper 63 is connected to the inner circumferential surface F6 of the peripheral wall 6a, the first stopper 63 can perform its function as a stopper with greater precision. In addition, in this case, the strength of the first stopper 63 can be increased, and consequently, the durability of the first stopper 63 can be increased.

[0079] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 is equipped with a second stopper 64 that can contact the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 when the insertion projection 53 deforms inward. In this case, the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 can be prevented from deforming inward after it has come into contact with the first stopper 63. Therefore, in this case, the operating button 5 can be positioned more accurately towards the base end of the opening A.

[0080] In this embodiment, the second stopper 64 is a wall extending along the peripheral wall 6a of the operating-side cover 6. In this embodiment, the second stopper 64 is integrally formed with the side wall 6b of the operating-side cover 6. The second stopper 64 can make contact with the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 even after the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 has come into contact with the first stopper 63, when the operating button 5 slides further toward the base end, causing the insertion projection 53 to deform radially inward. Therefore, in this case, the operating button 5 can be positioned with even greater precision toward the base end of the opening A.

[0081] In particular, in this embodiment, the second stopper 64 is a wall connected to the first stopper 63. In this case, because the second stopper 64 is connected to the first stopper 63, the second stopper 64 can perform its function as a stopper with greater precision. In addition, in this case, the strength of the second stopper 64 can be increased, and consequently, the durability of the second stopper 64 can be improved.

[0082] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the winding device 11 is equipped with locking means F on the operating button 5 and the operating side cover 6, respectively. When the operating button 5 is slid toward the base end, the operating button 5 is locked to the operating side cover 6, while when the operating button 5 is slid toward the tip end, the locking between the operating button 5 and the operating side cover 6 is released. In this case, when the operating button 5 is slid toward the base end, the operating button 5 can be detachably fixed in the base end position.

[0083] Referring to Figure 9, in this embodiment, the operating-side cover 6 is provided with a protrusion 65 as a locking means F on the operating-side cover side. In this embodiment, the protrusion 65 is a protrusion that protrudes from the inner surface (radial inner surface) of the operating-side cover 6. In this embodiment, the protrusion 65 protrudes inward (radial inward) from the bottom surface F62 of the groove 62. In contrast, referring to Figure 8, in this embodiment, the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5 is provided with a recess 53c as a locking means F on the operating button side. In this embodiment, the recess 53c is a recess formed on the outer surface (radial outer surface) of the insertion projection 53 of the operating button 5.

[0084] When the operating cover 6 is slid towards the base end, the recess 53c of the operating button 5 catches on the protrusion 65 of the operating cover 6 and locks into the protrusion 65. As a result, as shown in Figure 7, when the operating button 5 is slid towards the base end, the operating button 5 can be fixed in the position at the base end. Also, when the operating cover 6 is slid towards the tip end, the recess 53c of the operating button 5 overcomes the protrusion 65 of the operating cover 6 and disengages from the protrusion 65. As a result, as shown in Figure 6, the operating button 5 can be slid towards the tip end. Therefore, according to this embodiment, when the operating button 5 is slid towards the base end, the operating button 5 can be detachably locked into the position at the base end.

[0085] As described above, in this embodiment, the locking means F has a protruding portion (65) on the operating cover side and a recessed portion (53c) on the operating button side. However, the locking means F may also have a recessed portion on the operating cover side and a protruding portion on the operating button side.

[0086] Furthermore, the shock absorber 12 of the lanyard 10 can absorb the impact of a fall by extending during the fall. The shock absorber 12 can be constructed, for example, by folding a part of the strap 15 and sewing the folded part together. In this case, the seam of the strap 15 separates due to the fall load, and the strap 15 stretches further, thereby absorbing the impact of the fall.

[0087] However, the specifications for the extension range of shock absorbers also differ between body belt type fall protection equipment and full harness type fall protection equipment. According to these specifications (for example, the revised Industrial Safety and Health Act of 2019), the extension range (extension length) of shock absorbers is set longer for full harness type equipment than for body belt type equipment. Therefore, shock absorbers must also be used differently depending on whether the equipment is a body belt type or a full harness type.

[0088] In contrast, in this embodiment, the extension range of the shock absorber 12 is set to the extension range of the shock absorber of a full-body harness type lanyard, which has higher shock absorption. As a result, the lanyard 10 can be used as both a body belt type lanyard and a full-body harness type lanyard. In other words, the lanyard 10 can be used as both a body belt type lanyard and a full-body harness type lanyard.

[0089] Referring to Figure 2, in this embodiment, the structure-side fixing portion 13 is connected to one end of the strap 15 via a fixing means C. In this embodiment, the fixing means C can be rotated relative to the circumferential axis. In addition, in this embodiment, the fixing means C can be swung in the left-right or up-down direction. This allows the structure-side fixing portion 13 to move freely in various directions relative to the strap 15. The structure-side fixing portion 13 can be made of, for example, an aluminum alloy. In this case, the weight of the structure-side fixing portion 13, and consequently the lanyard 10, can be reduced.

[0090] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1, in this embodiment, the user-side fixing part 14 is pivotably connected to the winding device 11 via a pin P5. The user-side fixing part 14 can also be made of, for example, an aluminum alloy. In this case as well, the weight of the user-side fixing part 14, and consequently the lanyard 10, can be reduced.

[0091] As described above, the lanyard 10 is equipped with a retractor 11. Therefore, the lanyard 10 can be used as both a full-body harness type lanyard and a body belt type lanyard. This eliminates the need to carry multiple lanyards, one for full-body harness type fall protection for work at heights and the other for body belt type fall protection for work at low altitudes, even when both are required at the same work site.

[0092] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the structure-side fixing part 13 can fold the lanyard 10 in half by using the fixing means C and the pin P5. In this embodiment, when the lanyard 10 is folded in half, the winding device 11 can be housed inside the structure-side fixing part 13 (the space between the hook body 13a and the hook closing member 13b). In this case, the lanyard 10 can be suspended from a waist belt or the like in a compact state.

[0093] The above-described embodiment is merely one embodiment, and various modifications are possible according to the claims. In this embodiment, the strap 15 was described as a single-layer strap (belt: a strip-shaped member), but the strap 15 can be a strap having a laminated structure. Alternatively, the strap 15 can be divided into a plurality of segments along the extending direction of the strap 15, and these plurality of segments can be connected to each other. In this case, the configuration of each segment can be changed as appropriate. Furthermore, the operating side cover and the winding side cover can be configured as a single unit. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0094] 2: Ratchet gear, 2a: Ratchet teeth, 3: Locking lever, 3a: Ratchet pawl, 31: Base end portion of the release lever, 32: Tip portion of the release lever, 33: Pressure receiving piece, 4: Release lever, 41: Base end portion of the release lever, 42: Tip portion of the release lever, 43: Pressing piece, 44: Slide groove, 5: Operation button, 51: Base end portion of the operation button, 52: Tip portion of the operation button, 53: Insertion projection, 53a: Tip of the insertion projection, 53b: Tapered surface, 53c: Recess (locking means), 54: Slide projection, 6: Operating side cover, 6a: Peripheral wall of the operating side cover, 6b: Side wall of the operating side cover, 6e: Opening edge of the operating side cover, 6e1: Base end side opening edge of the operating side cover, 61: Tapered surface, 62: Groove, F62: Bottom surface of groove, 63: First stopper, 64: Second stopper, 66: Protrusion (locking means), 7a: First shaft, 7b: Second shaft, 8: Operating side base plate, 9a: First elastic member, 9b: Second elastic member, 10: Lanyard, 11: Lanyard winder, 12: Shock absorber, 13: Structure side fixing part (gate lock structure carabiner), 13a: Hook body, 13b: Hook closing member, 13c: Safety device, 14: User side fixing part (twist lock structure carabiner), 14a: Hook body, 14b: Hook closing member, 14c: Safety device, 15: Strap, 16: Bobbin, 16a: Body, 16b: Flange, 16c: Shaft, 17: Support frame, 17a: Left side of support frame, 17b: Right side of support frame, 18: Winding side substrate, 19: Winding side cover, C: Connecting means, F: Locking means, P1~P5: Pins, W: Winding means

Claims

1. A lanyard winding device used for lanyards, It comprises a ratchet gear that rotates in accordance with the extension and retraction of the strap, a locking lever having a ratchet pawl that can engage with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet gear, a release lever that can release the locking between the ratchet teeth and the ratchet pawl, an operating button that can operate the release lever, and a cover that houses the ratchet gear, the locking lever, the release lever, and the operating button. The locking lever is held so as to be swingable around a first shaft located at the base end of the locking lever, the ratchet pawl is provided on the inside of the tip of the locking lever, and a pressure receiving piece is provided at the base end of the locking lever that causes the locking lever to swing so that the tip of the locking lever separates from the ratchet gear when pressed. The release lever is held so as to be swingable around a second shaft located at the base end of the release lever, and a pressing piece is provided on the inside of the release lever that presses against the pressure-receiving piece of the locking lever by pressing against the tip of the release lever. The aforementioned operating button is slidably mounted on the tip of the lock release lever and is exposed through an opening formed in the cover, and further, A lanyard winding device, wherein the base end of the operation button is provided with an insertion projection that can be inserted into the inside of the cover along the inner surface of the cover by sliding the operation button toward the base end, while the operation button presses against the tip of the lock release lever.

2. The lanyard winding device according to claim 1, wherein the insertion projection has a tapered surface connected to the tip of the insertion projection.

3. The lanyard winding device according to claim 1, wherein the cover is provided with a tapered surface connected to the base end opening edge of the cover.

4. The lanyard winding device according to claim 1, wherein the cover has a groove on its inner surface that is connected to the base end opening edge of the cover, capable of accommodating the insertion projection.

5. The lanyard winding device according to claim 1, wherein the cover is provided with a first stopper that can contact the insertion projection of the operation button when the operation button is slid toward the base end.

6. The lanyard winding device according to claim 5, wherein the cover is provided with a second stopper that can contact the insertion projection of the operating button when the insertion projection deforms inward.

7. A lanyard winding device according to claim 1, further comprising locking means on the operating button and the cover, wherein when the operating button is slid toward the base end, the operating button is locked to the cover, and when the operating button is slid toward the tip end, the locking between the operating button and the cover is released.

8. A lanyard comprising a lanyard winding device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, a shock absorber, a user-side fixing part, and a structure-side fixing part.

9. The lanyard according to claim 8, wherein the extension range of the shock absorber is set to the extension range of the shock absorber of a full harness type lanyard.

10. The lanyard according to claim 8, wherein the user-side fixing part is a carabiner equipped with a twist-lock mechanism.

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