No adjustment material

Abstract

To provide an unevenness-adjusting material capable of improving the adhesion between the ground and the structure over the long term.SOLUTION: A disclosed unevenness adjusting material is an unevenness adjusting material placed in a gap between the ground and a structure. The unevenness-adjusting material contains a curing component and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions. The ion-releasing compound poorly is capable of generating water-soluble salt.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an unevenness adjusting material arranged in a gap between the ground and a structure. Background Art

[0002] As a method for reinforcing the ground to prevent the occurrence of slope collapse and landslide of natural ground, the ground anchor construction method is known. The ground anchor construction method is a construction method for stabilizing a slope by applying tension to a ground anchor anchored in stable ground and transmitting the tension to a pressure receiving plate (anchor panel) installed on the slope.

[0003] When the surface of the ground on which a structure such as a pressure receiving plate is installed has irregularities, it is preferable to level the ground. However, leveling work on steep slopes or high places is not easy, and gaps may occur between the structure and the ground. Even in such cases, in order to prevent the occurrence of slope collapse and landslide of natural ground, a method for improving the adhesion between the structure and the ground is required.

[0004] Patent Document 1 below discloses an unevenness adjusting mat interposed between a pressure receiving plate and the ground surface of the ground. The unevenness adjusting mat includes a first mat portion having a first chamber capable of being filled with grout inside, and a second mat portion having a second chamber capable of being filled with grout inside, wherein the second mat portion is arranged outside the first mat portion. Patent Document 1 describes that the area of the first mat portion is 50% to 70% with respect to 100% of the total area of the first mat portion and the second mat portion.

[0005] Further, Patent Document 2 below discloses an unevenness adjusting mat which forms a three-dimensional structure of a constant thickness in which natural vegetable fibers are entangled with each other. Patent Document 2 describes that the mat is easy to construct, and not only does not impair plant vegetation, but also can promote the growth of plants. Prior Art Documents Patent Documents

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-177095 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-219938 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] With conventional leveling materials, cracks and voids may reappear between the structure and the ground due to external stresses such as earthquakes, or changes in environmental conditions such as rainwater and groundwater.

[0008] Furthermore, while the leveling mat described in Patent Document 2 is expected to strengthen the ground through planting by enhancing the planting function, this effect is unstable because it depends on the plants.

[0009] Conventionally, no leveling material has been known that can improve the long-term adhesion between the ground and structures.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a leveling material that can improve the adhesion between the ground and a structure over the long term. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] This specification discloses the following leveling materials.

[0012] Item 1. A leveling material to be placed in the gap between the ground and a structure, wherein the leveling material comprises a hardening component and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions, and the ion-releasing compound is capable of generating a poorly water-soluble salt.

[0013] Item 2. The unevenness leveling agent according to Item 1, wherein the poorly water-soluble salt is calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide.

[0014] Item 3. The unevenness adjusting material according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the ion-releasing compound comprises a compound capable of releasing cations, and the compound capable of releasing cations is calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or calcium hydrogen carbonate.

[0015] Item 4. The unevenness adjusting material according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the ion-releasing compound comprises a compound capable of releasing anions, and the compound capable of releasing anions is sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or calcium hydrogen carbonate.

[0016] Item 5. The unevenness adjusting material according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein a surface of the ion-releasing compound is coated with a coating agent.

[0017] Item 6. The unevenness adjusting material according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the curable component comprises a curable compound, cement milk, or mortar.

[0018] Item 7. The unevenness adjusting material according to any one of Items 1 to 6, further comprising a foaming agent.

[0019] Item 8. The unevenness adjusting material according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the curable component comprises a polyol compound and an isocyanate compound.

[0020] Item 9. The unevenness adjusting material according to any one of Items 1 to 8, further comprising a plurality of wood chips.

[0021] Item 10. The unevenness adjusting material according to any one of Items 1 to 9, comprising a bag material and a filling material filled inside the bag material, wherein the bag material comprises a thermoplastic resin and the ion-releasing compound, and the filling material comprises the curable component. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] The unevenness adjusting material according to the present invention is an unevenness adjusting material disposed in a gap between the ground and a structure, wherein the unevenness adjusting material comprises a curable component and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions, and the ion-releasing compound is capable of forming a poorly water-soluble salt. Since the unevenness adjusting material according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be enhanced over a long term. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] [Figure 1] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an unevenness adjusted structure using the unevenness adjusting material according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an unevenness adjusted structure using the unevenness adjusting material according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an unevenness adjusted structure using the unevenness adjusting material according to a third embodiment of the present invention. MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0025] (Unevenness adjusting material) The unevenness adjusting material according to the present invention is an unevenness adjusting material disposed in a gap between the ground and a structure. The unevenness adjusting material according to the present invention comprises a curable component and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions (hereinafter may be referred to as "ion-releasing compound"). In the unevenness adjusting material according to the present invention, the ion-releasing compound is capable of forming a poorly water-soluble salt.

[0026] In the present specification, the term "poorly water-soluble salt" means a salt in which, when 1 g of the poorly water-soluble salt is added into 100 g of water and held at 20°C for 10 minutes, the weight of the poorly water-soluble salt dissolved in water is 0.1 g or less.

[0027] The unevenness leveling material according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, which allows for long-term improvement of adhesion between the ground and the structure. More specifically, in the area where the unevenness leveling material according to the present invention is placed and in its surroundings, the ion-releasing compound in the unevenness leveling material releases ions, generating poorly water-soluble salts and forming concretion. As a result, the area where the unevenness leveling material is placed and its surroundings become denser, improving long-term adhesion between the ground and the structure. The present invention contributes to preventive maintenance of the ground.

[0028] In the uneven surface leveling material according to the present invention, when the uneven surface leveling material comes into contact with moisture adhering to the ground, etc., at the location where the uneven surface leveling material is placed, the ion-releasing compound in the uneven surface leveling material releases ions, thereby generating poorly water-soluble salts at the contact surface between the moisture, etc. and the uneven surface leveling material. In other words, the uneven surface leveling material according to the present invention can generate a layer of poorly water-soluble salts on its surface. The generated poorly water-soluble salts further enhance the strength of the location where the material is placed and its surroundings. It is generally believed that these poorly water-soluble salts are generated over a period of several months to several years. Furthermore, the generated poorly water-soluble salts effectively suppress further contact between the pressure plate and the structure and moisture, thereby effectively suppressing deterioration of the structure and erosion of the ground.

[0029] Furthermore, the unevenness leveling material according to the present invention can be used whether the site (ground) where it is placed is dry or wet. Moreover, the unevenness leveling material according to the present invention can be used even when water is flowing out from the site (ground) where it is placed.

[0030] The above-mentioned leveling material is used by being placed in the gap between the ground and the structure. The above-mentioned leveling material is preferably used in the gap between the ground and the structure. The above-mentioned leveling material can also be used when the place of placement (ground) is a slope (embankment).

[0031] Examples of the above-mentioned structures include pressure plates, manholes, box culverts, U-shaped channels, and precast concrete segments. The above-mentioned leveling material is preferably a leveling material for pressure plates. The above-mentioned leveling material is particularly suitable for use in the gap between the ground and the pressure plate.

[0032] The above-mentioned unevenness leveling material is preferably used after the hardening component has been hardened. The hardening component in the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material is preferably hardened after the unevenness leveling material is placed in the gap between the ground and the structure. By hardening the hardening component in the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material, a hardened product (unevenness leveling body) of the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material is obtained.

[0033] The shape of the above-mentioned unevenness adjustment body is not particularly limited. The shape of the above-mentioned unevenness adjustment body can be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the structure at the location where it is to be placed.

[0034] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an uneven surface adjustment body using an uneven surface adjustment material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The uneven surface leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1 is obtained by hardening the hardening component in the uneven surface leveling material. The uneven surface leveling body 1A is a hardened product of the uneven surface leveling material that is placed in the gap between the ground and the structure. The uneven surface leveling body 1A contains a hardened product 2A of the hardening component and an ion-releasing compound 3. In the uneven surface leveling body 1A, the ion-releasing compound 3 can generate a poorly water-soluble salt.

[0037] In the surface leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the cured product 2A of the curable component is preferably a urethane resin body, and more preferably a urethane foam resin body, as described later. That is, the curable component in the surface leveling material preferably contains a polyol compound and an isocyanate compound, as described later, and more preferably contains a polyol compound, an isocyanate compound, a urethane catalyst, and a foaming agent. In this case, the ability to conform to uneven surfaces (filling ability) can be improved.

[0038] Note that the surfaces of the leveling bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C are shown simply for illustrative purposes, but they can be appropriately deformed to conform to the irregularities of the ground and structure surfaces.

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an uneven surface adjustment body using an uneven surface adjustment material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] The uneven surface leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2 is obtained by hardening the hardening component in the uneven surface leveling material. The uneven surface leveling body 1B is a hardened product of the uneven surface leveling material that is placed in the gap between the ground and the structure. The uneven surface leveling body 1B includes a hardened product 2B of the hardening component, an ion-releasing compound 3, and a plurality of wood chips 4. In the uneven surface leveling body 1B, the ion-releasing compound 3 can generate a poorly water-soluble salt.

[0041] The uneven surface leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2 includes a plurality of wooden pieces 4. From the viewpoint of obtaining an uneven surface leveling body like the uneven surface leveling body 1B, it is preferable that the uneven surface leveling material further includes a plurality of wooden pieces. When the uneven surface leveling body and the uneven surface leveling material include a plurality of wooden pieces, the workability can be improved by laying them out in advance.

[0042] In the uneven surface leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2, the hardened product 2B of the hardened component is preferably a hardened product of a hardened compound, cement milk, or mortar, as described later. That is, the hardened component in the uneven surface leveling material preferably includes a hardened compound, cement milk, or mortar, as described later. In this case, the reaction force (compressive modulus) to the anchor can be improved.

[0043] As the wood chips mentioned above, finely divided timber is preferably used. The timber may be new timber or construction waste timber.

[0044] Methods for subdividing the above-mentioned timber include cutting with a slitter and cutting machine, pressing the timber, and compressing the timber with a rotating roll.

[0045] The material of the wood chips mentioned above is not particularly limited. Examples of materials for the wood chips include cedar, cypress, pine, hemlock, sawara cypress, oak, nara, birch, beech, oak, lauan, hinoki cypress, chestnut, zelkova, chinquapin, willow, and bamboo. Only one type of wood chip may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0046] From the standpoint of improving durability, it is preferable that the above wood chips include pine.

[0047] The shape of the wood piece described above is not particularly limited. The wood piece may be spherical, or it may have a shape other than a sphere, or it may be flattened.

[0048] From the viewpoint of improving the rigidity of the mat, the major axis of the wood chips is preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more, even more preferably 20 mm or more, preferably 100 mm or less, more preferably 80 mm or less, and even more preferably 60 mm or less. Note that the major axis of the wood chips refers to the particle size of the wood chips when the wood chips are spherical.

[0049] From the viewpoint of improving conformability to uneven surfaces, the short diameter of the above-mentioned wooden piece is preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more, even more preferably 10 mm or more, preferably 60 mm or less, more preferably 40 mm or less, and even more preferably 20 mm or less.

[0050] From the viewpoint of ensuring good uniformity of the mat, the thickness of the wood chips is preferably 0.2 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, even more preferably 1 mm or more, preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 2 mm or less.

[0051] From the viewpoint of ensuring good uniformity of the mat, the volume of the wood chips is preferably 0.05 cm³. 3 More preferably 0.1 cm 3 The above is preferable to 5 cm 3 More preferably 1 cm 3 The following applies:

[0052] From the viewpoint of obtaining an uneven surface preparation body such as the uneven surface preparation body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the wood chips in 100% by weight of the uneven surface preparation material is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, even more preferably 80% by weight or more, preferably 95% by weight or less, more preferably 90% by weight or less, and even more preferably 85% by weight or less. When the content of the wood chips is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0053] From the viewpoint of obtaining an uneven surface preparation body such as the uneven surface preparation body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the wood chips in the above uneven surface preparation material is preferably 100 parts by weight or more, more preferably 200 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 300 parts by weight or more, preferably 900 parts by weight or less, more preferably 700 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 500 parts by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the above hardening component. When the content of the wood chips is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0054] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an uneven surface adjustment body using an uneven surface adjustment material according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] The uneven surface leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3 is obtained by curing the curable component in the uneven surface leveling material. The uneven surface leveling body 1C is a cured product of the uneven surface leveling material that is placed in the gap between the ground and the structure. The uneven surface leveling body 1C contains a cured product 2C of the curable component, an ion-releasing compound 3, and a thermoplastic resin 5. In the uneven surface leveling body 1C, the ion-releasing compound 3 can generate a poorly water-soluble salt.

[0056] The uneven surface leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3 comprises a bag material 6 and a filling portion 7 disposed inside the bag material 6. In the uneven surface leveling body 1C, the bag material 6 contains a thermoplastic resin 5 and an ion-releasing compound 3. In the uneven surface leveling body 1C, the filling portion 7 contains a cured product 2C of a curable component.

[0057] From the viewpoint of obtaining an uneven surface leveling body such as uneven surface leveling body 1C, it is preferable that the uneven surface leveling material comprises a bag body material and a filling material (filling portion) filled inside the bag body material, wherein the bag body material contains a thermoplastic resin and the ion-releasing compound, and the filling material contains the curable component. In this case, good shape stability can be achieved after construction (after installation and curing).

[0058] In the uneven surface leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the hardened product 2C of the hardening component is preferably a hardened cement milk or a hardened mortar, as described later. In other words, it is more preferable that the hardening component in the uneven surface leveling material includes cement milk or mortar, as described later. In this case, the hardness and reaction force of the uneven surface leveling material can be improved.

[0059] Examples of the thermoplastic resins mentioned above include alkyd resins, modified alkyd resins, phenolic resins, natural resin-modified phenolic resins, maleic acid resins, natural resin-modified maleic acid resins, fumaric acid resins, ester gums, rosin, petroleum resins, coumarone resins, indene resins, polyester resins, polyimide resins, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, polyethylene resins, epoxy resins, phenoxy resins, styrene resins, vinyl resins, acrylic resins, chlorinated rubber, benzoguanamine resins, urea resins, polyolefin resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and urethane resins. The thermoplastic resins may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0060] From the viewpoint of improving the surface conformability to uneven surfaces, the above thermoplastic resin preferably contains a flexible resin (ethylene vinyl acetate resin, flexible polyvinyl chloride resin, flexible urethane resin, or polyethylene resin), and more preferably contains a low-density polyethylene resin. The weight-average molecular weight of the low-density polyethylene resin is preferably around tens of thousands to 300,000.

[0061] Preferably, the bag material has an inlet inside for injecting the filling material.

[0062] The details of the unevenness adjustment material according to the present invention will be described below. In the following description, "(meth)acrylic" refers to both "acrylic" and "methacrylic," and "(meth)acrylate" refers to both "acrylate" and "methacrylate."

[0063] <Curing component> The above-mentioned curable component is a component that can be cured. The above-mentioned curable component may be liquid at 23°C, paste at 23°C, or semi-solid at 23°C. Examples of the above-mentioned curable component include curable compounds, hardening agents, hydraulic inorganic substances, and air-hardening inorganic substances. Examples of the above-mentioned hydraulic inorganic substances include cement milk, mortar, and concrete. Examples of the above-mentioned air-hardening inorganic substances include lime and gypsum. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, it is preferable that the above-mentioned curable component includes a curable compound, cement milk, or mortar. The above-mentioned curable component may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0064] [Curable compound] The curable component preferably includes the curable compound. The curable component preferably includes the curable compound and the curing agent. The curable component preferably is a mixture of the curable compound and the curing agent. The curable compound and the curing agent may each be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0065] The above-mentioned curable component may be a resin that is solid at 23°C obtained by heating and drying a resin-containing solution obtained by mixing a resin and a solvent to remove the solvent, a polymer that is solid at 23°C obtained by polymerizing a monomer solution or an oligomer solution, or a polymer that is solid at 23°C obtained by reacting two or more monomers or two or more oligomers.

[0066] The above-mentioned unevenness leveling material preferably contains a curable compound. The above-mentioned unevenness leveling material preferably contains a curable compound as the curable component. Examples of the above-mentioned curable compound include a curable compound that can be cured by mixing with a curing agent, a thermosetting compound that can be cured by heating, and a photocurable compound that can be cured by irradiation with light. From the viewpoint of filling the void between the ground and the structure with the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material and then curing it, the above-mentioned curable compound is preferably a curable compound that can be cured by mixing with the above-mentioned curing agent. The above-mentioned curable compound that can be cured by mixing with the curing agent may be a thermosetting compound or not. The above-mentioned curable compound that can be cured by mixing with the curing agent may be, for example, a curable compound that can be cured at 0°C or below when mixed with the curing agent.

[0067] Examples of the curable compounds mentioned above include epoxy compounds, polyol compounds, silicone compounds, phenol compounds, vinyl ester compounds, and naphthoxazine compounds. From the viewpoint of improving foaming properties, the curable compound is preferably a polyol compound.

[0068] Examples of the polyol compounds mentioned above include polylactone polyols, aromatic polyols, alicyclic polyols, polyester polyols, and polyether polyols. The polyol compounds may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0069] From the viewpoint of improving fluidity, the polyol compound is preferably a polyester polyol or a polyether polyol, and more preferably a polyether polyol.

[0070] The viscosity of the above polyol compound at 23°C is preferably 100 mPa·s or more, more preferably 200 mPa·s or more, preferably 1500 mPa·s or less, and more preferably 1000 mPa·s or less. When the viscosity of the above polyol compound at 23°C is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the flexural modulus of the cured product (uneven surface preparation body) of the uneven surface preparation material can be increased.

[0071] The viscosity of the above polyol compound at 23°C can be measured, for example, using a Brookfield viscometer.

[0072] Examples of curing agents for the above polyol compound include isocyanate compounds. From the viewpoint of improving reactivity, it is preferable that the curable component contains both a polyol compound and an isocyanate compound. By curing the above polyol compound and the isocyanate compound, a urethane resin can be obtained. It is preferable that the cured product of the above curable component contains a urethane resin.

[0073] The above isocyanate compound is preferably a polyisocyanate compound. Examples of the above polyisocyanate compound include aromatic polyisocyanate compounds, alicyclic polyisocyanate compounds, and aliphatic polyisocyanate compounds. The above polyisocyanate compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0074] Examples of the above aromatic polyisocyanate compounds include phenylenediisocyanate and torile Examples include diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dimethyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate.

[0075] Examples of the above-mentioned alicyclic polyisocyanate compounds include cyclohexylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and dimethyldicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.

[0076] Examples of the above-mentioned aliphatic polyisocyanate compounds include methylene diisocyanate, ethylene diisocyanate, propylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate.

[0077] Because it is readily available and offers excellent convenience, the above-mentioned isocyanate compound is preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0078] The above polyol compound and the above isocyanate compound can be used in appropriate proportions to efficiently form urethane bonds.

[0079] The isocyanate index is defined as the ratio of the total number of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate compound to the total number of active hydroxyl groups in the polyol compound (total number of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate compound × 100 / total number of active hydroxyl groups in the polyol compound). The isocyanate index is preferably 120 or higher, more preferably 200 or higher, preferably 1000 or lower, and more preferably 600 or lower. When the isocyanate index is above the lower limit, the isocyanurate ring, which is the framework exhibiting high flame retardancy, is formed more effectively, thereby increasing the flame retardancy of the surface leveling material and surface leveling body. When the isocyanate index is below the upper limit, the formation of the isocyanurate ring can be effectively stopped, thereby increasing the flexural modulus of the surface leveling body. Furthermore, when the isocyanate index is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the reaction efficiency between the polyol compound and the isocyanate compound can be increased. Furthermore, if the isocyanate index is above the lower limit, the amount of unreacted polyol compounds or unreacted isocyanate compounds decreases, making it easier to form a surface-leveling material with a good flexural modulus.

[0080] The above-mentioned surface leveling material preferably contains a catalyst. Examples of the catalyst include urethane catalysts and trimerization catalysts. Only one type of catalyst may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0081] The above-mentioned unevenness leveling material preferably contains a urethane catalyst. The urethane catalyst promotes the reaction between the hydroxyl group of the polyol compound and the isocyanate group of the isocyanate compound, thereby promoting the formation of urethane bonds.

[0082] Examples of the above urethane catalysts include organotin compounds such as dibutyltin dimalate, dibutyltin diurarate, and dibutylbis(oleoyloxy) stannan; tertiary amine compounds such as triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, and N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; N,N,N'-trimethylaminoethyl-ethanolamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N-methyl,N'-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine; and imidazole compounds in which the secondary amine functional group in the imidazole ring is substituted with a cyanoethyl group. The above urethane catalysts may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0083] The above urethane catalyst can be used in an appropriate amount so that the polyol compound and the isocyanate compound react well. The content of the urethane catalyst per 100 parts by weight of the polyol compound is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.02 parts by weight or more, preferably 1.0 part by weight or less, and more preferably 0.8 parts by weight or less. If the content of the urethane catalyst is above the lower limit, the urethane reaction proceeds effectively. If the content of the urethane catalyst is below the upper limit, the trimerization of the isocyanate group of the isocyanate compound is less likely to be inhibited.

[0084] The above trimerization catalyst promotes the trimerization reaction of the isocyanate group in isocyanate compounds, thereby facilitating the formation of an isocyanurate ring. Furthermore, the above trimerization catalyst suppresses the expansion of the resin molded article during combustion.

[0085] Examples of the above-mentioned trimerization catalysts include aromatic compounds, alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, quaternary ammonium salts of carboxylic acids, and quaternary ammonium salt / ethylene glycol mixtures. Examples of the above-mentioned aromatic compounds include tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, 2,4-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, and 2,4,6-tris(dialkylaminoalkyl)hexahydro-S-triazine. Examples of the above-mentioned alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids include potassium acetate and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate. The above-mentioned trimerization catalysts may be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0086] The above trimerizing catalyst can be used in an appropriate amount so as to promote the trimerizing reaction well. The amount of the trimerizing catalyst per 100 parts by weight of the polyol compound is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.05 parts by weight or more, preferably 1.0 part by weight or less, and preferably 0.8 parts by weight or less. If the amount of the trimerizing catalyst is above the lower limit, it is easier to suppress the expansion of the urethane resin during the formation of the urethane resin. If the amount of the trimerizing catalyst is below the upper limit, the formation of urethane bonds is less likely to be inhibited.

[0087] From the viewpoint of improving conformability to uneven surfaces and filling properties, the cured product of the above-mentioned curable component is preferably foamed, preferably a foamed resin, and more preferably a urethane foamed resin. From the viewpoint of improving foaming properties (workability) on site, the above-mentioned uneven surface adjuster is preferably made up of a foamed resin, and preferably a urethane foamed resin.

[0088] From the viewpoint of obtaining a foamed resin body, it is preferable that the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material further contains a foaming agent. By foaming the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material with a foaming agent, a foamed resin body can be obtained. As a result, a uniform foaming pressure can be obtained, and the ability to conform to uneven surfaces and fill them can be improved.

[0089] Examples of the foaming agents mentioned above include water and organic halogen compounds. Water is preferred as the foaming agent because it is readily available and convenient. Water acts as a foaming agent by reacting with isocyanate compounds to generate CO2. Only one type of foaming agent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0090] Examples of the above-mentioned organic halogen compounds include organic chlorine compounds, organic fluorine compounds, organic bromine compounds, and organic iodine compounds. The above-mentioned organic halogen compounds may be organic halogen compounds in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, or organic halogen compounds in which some of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms. From the viewpoint of improving foaming properties and maintaining a low thermal conductivity of the uneven surface preparation body over a long period of time, the above-mentioned organic halogen compounds are preferably organic chlorine compounds or organic fluorine compounds.

[0091] Examples of the above-mentioned organochlorine compounds include saturated organochlorine compounds and unsaturated organochlorine compounds. Examples of the above-mentioned saturated organochlorine compounds include dichloroethane, propyl chloride, isopropyl chloride, butyl chloride, isobutyl chloride, pentyl chloride, and isopentyl chloride. From the viewpoint of improving foaming properties and maintaining a low thermal conductivity of the uneven surface preparation body over a long period of time, the above-mentioned organochlorine compounds are preferably saturated organochlorine compounds, and more preferably saturated organochlorine compounds having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0092] Examples of the above-mentioned organofluorine compounds include saturated organofluorine compounds and unsaturated organofluorine compounds.

[0093] From the viewpoint of improving foaming properties and maintaining a low thermal conductivity of the uneven surface preparation body over a long period of time, the above-mentioned organic halogen compound is preferably a hydrochlorofluoroolefin, a hydrofluorocarbon, or a hydrofluoroolefin.

[0094] The foaming ratio is preferably 1.5 or higher, and preferably less than 10.0. If the foaming ratio is above the lower limit, the weight of the foamed resin body will be reduced, making it easier to handle. If the foaming ratio is below the upper limit, the decrease in the strength of the foamed resin body will be suppressed.

[0095] Furthermore, the above-mentioned surface leveling material may contain foam stabilizers and the like, to the extent that it does not hinder the objectives of the present invention. The foam stabilizers may be used by one type only, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0096] The foam stabilizer mentioned above is a substance that prevents the coarsening and uneven formation of bubbles, and enables the stable and efficient formation of bubbles.

[0097] Examples of the foam stabilizers mentioned above include polyoxyalkylene foam stabilizers such as polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, and silicone foam stabilizers such as organopolysiloxanes.

[0098] The foam stabilizer described above can be used in an appropriate amount to ensure stable and good bubble formation. From the viewpoint of stable and good bubble formation, the amount of the foam stabilizer described above per 100 parts by weight of the polyol compound is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more, preferably 5 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 1 part by weight or less.

[0099] Examples of the epoxy compounds mentioned above include bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, bisphenol F type epoxy compounds, bisphenol S type epoxy compounds, water-added bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, dimer acid-modified bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, phenol novolac type epoxy compounds, cresol novolac type epoxy compounds, naphthalene type epoxy compounds, biphenyl type epoxy compounds, dimer acid type epoxy compounds, triepoxypropyl isocyanurate (triglycidyl isocyanurate), hydantoin epoxy compounds, aliphatic epoxy compounds, dicyclocyclic epoxy compounds, glycidyl ether type epoxy compounds, glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds, and glycidylamine type epoxy compounds.

[0100] Examples of curing agents (epoxy curing agents) for the above epoxy compounds include amine compounds, imidazole compounds, amide compounds, cyano compounds, and acid anhydrides. Examples of the above amine compounds include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, their amine adducts, metaphenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, and diaminodiphenylsulfone. Examples of the above imidazole compounds include methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, isopropylimidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, phenylimidazole, undecylimidazole, heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydroxymethylimidazole, and 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole. Examples of the above amide compounds include polyamides. Examples of the above cyano compounds include dicyandiamides. Examples of the above acid anhydrides include maleic anhydride and its compounds, phthalic anhydride and its compounds.

[0101] By reacting the above epoxy compound with the above epoxy curing agent, a cured epoxy resin can be obtained.

[0102] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the epoxy compound is preferably a bisphenol A type epoxy compound or a bisphenol F type epoxy compound. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the epoxy curing agent is preferably an amine-based curing agent (amine compound) or an acid-based curing agent.

[0103] Examples of the above-mentioned silicone compounds include organopolysiloxanes having two or more alkenyl groups bonded to silicon atoms. The main chain of the above-mentioned organopolysiloxane is generally a polymer of diorganosiloxane, but it may also have a partially branched structure or a cyclic structure. Examples of alkenyl groups that the above-mentioned organopolysiloxane has include vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, butenyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, petenyl group, hexenyl group, octenyl group, and cyclohexenyl group.

[0104] Examples of curing agents (crosslinking agents) for the above-mentioned silicone compounds include organohydrogenpolysiloxanes having two or more SiH groups. Examples of the organohydrogenpolysiloxanes mentioned above include phenylmethylhydrogenpolysiloxane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, methylhydrogenpolysiloxane with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends, dimethylpolysiloxane with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups sealed at both ends, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups sealed at both ends, methylhydrogensiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends, and methylhydrogensiloxane-diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends.

[0105] Examples of the phenol compounds mentioned above include novolac-type phenols, biphenol-type phenols, naphthalene-type phenols, dicyclopentadiene-type phenols, aralkyl-type phenols, and dicyclopentadiene-type phenols.

[0106] Examples of curing agents for the above-mentioned phenol compounds include hexamethylenetetramine and paraformaldehyde.

[0107] Examples of the vinyl ester compounds mentioned above include reaction products of epoxy compounds and unsaturated monobasic acids. Examples of the epoxy compounds mentioned above include bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its high molecular weight congeners, novolac-type polyglycidyl ether and its high molecular weight congeners, and aliphatic glycidyl ethers such as 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether. Examples of the unsaturated monobasic acids mentioned above include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Examples of reaction products of the epoxy compounds mentioned above with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid include epoxy (meth)acrylates.

[0108] Examples of curing agents for the vinyl ester compounds mentioned above include organic peroxides. Examples of organic peroxides include ketone peroxides, perbenzoates, hydroperoxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxyketals, hydroperoxides, diallyl peroxides, peroxyesters, and peroxydicarbonates.

[0109] When the above curable component contains the above vinyl ester compound, the curable component may also contain a radical polymerizable unsaturated monomer. The above radical polymerizable unsaturated monomers include styrene monomers, α-,o-,m-,p-alkyl, nitro, cyano, amide, ester derivatives of styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyltoluene, and styrene-based monomers such as divinylbenzene, butadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene; ethyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, i-propyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, and ethyl (meth)acrylate. Examples include (meth)acrylic acid esters such as cyclopentyl acid, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofuryl (meth)acrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylamides such as (meth)acrylamide and N,N-dimethylamide (meth)acrylate; vinyl compounds such as (meth)acrylamide; unsaturated dicarboxylic acid diesters such as diethyl citraconate; monomaleimide compounds such as N-phenylmaleimide; and N-(meth)acryloylphthalimide.

[0110] [Cement milk and mortar] The above-mentioned hardening component preferably includes cement milk or mortar.

[0111] In this specification, "cement milk" means a mixture of cement and water (mixing water). In this specification, "cement milk" does not contain fine aggregate or coarse aggregate. In this specification, "mortar" means a mixture of cement, fine aggregate and water (mixing water). In this specification, "mortar" does not contain coarse aggregate. In this specification, "concrete" means a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water (mixing water). In this specification, "cement" means a powder that can harden through a chemical reaction with water, mainly composed of limestone, clay, silica, and iron oxide raw materials.

[0112] The cement contained in the cement milk and mortar is not particularly limited. Examples of cement contained in the cement milk and mortar include Portland cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, and fly ash cement. The Portland cement may be ordinary Portland cement or special Portland cement (rapid-hardening Portland cement).

[0113] Examples of the fine aggregate mentioned above include artificial aggregates and natural aggregates. Examples of the artificial aggregates include blast furnace slag and fly ash. Examples of the natural aggregates include sand. From the viewpoint of improving material costs, it is preferable that the fine aggregate is sand.

[0114] The average particle size of the fine aggregate is preferably 0.01 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 4 mm or less. If the average particle size of the fine aggregate is above the lower limit, the strength of the uneven surface can be increased. If the average particle size of the fine aggregate is below the upper limit, the settlement of the fine aggregate can be suppressed and the viscosity of the mortar can be improved. The average particle size of the fine aggregate is preferably the number-average particle size.

[0115] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the cement content in 100% by weight of the above cement milk is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 20% by weight or more, even more preferably 30% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or less, more preferably 80% by weight or less, and even more preferably 70% by weight or less.

[0116] In the above cement milk, the water (mixing water) content per 100 parts by weight of cement is preferably 11 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 35 parts by weight or more, preferably 125 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 66 parts by weight or less. If the water (mixing water) content is above the lower limit, the cement and water (mixing water) can react well, and the strength of the uneven surface can be increased. If the water (mixing water) content is below the upper limit, the cement and water (mixing water) can be mixed uniformly, and the strength of the uneven surface can be increased.

[0117] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the cement content in 100% by weight of the above mortar is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more, even more preferably 20% by weight or more, preferably 60% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight or less, and even more preferably 40% by weight or less.

[0118] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the content of fine aggregate in 100% by weight of the above mortar is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more, even more preferably 20% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or less, more preferably 85% by weight or less, and even more preferably 80% by weight or less.

[0119] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, in the above mortar, the content of fine aggregate per 100 parts by weight of cement is preferably 11 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 40 parts by weight or more, preferably 900 parts by weight or less, more preferably 400 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 250 parts by weight or less.

[0120] In the above mortar, the water (mixing water) content per 100 parts by weight of cement is preferably 20 parts by weight or more, more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 40 parts by weight or more, preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 60 parts by weight or less. If the water (mixing water) content is above the lower limit, the cement and water (mixing water) can react well, and the strength of the uneven surface can be increased. If the water (mixing water) content is below the upper limit, the cement and water (mixing water) can be mixed uniformly, and the strength of the uneven surface can be increased.

[0121] In 100% by weight of the above-mentioned unevenness leveling material, the content of the above-mentioned cement milk or mortar is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, even more preferably 95% by weight or more, preferably 99.9% by weight or less, more preferably 99.5% by weight or less, and even more preferably 99% by weight or less. When the content of the above-mentioned cement milk or mortar is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0122] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the content of the cement milk or mortar in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, and even more preferably 95% by weight or more. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the content of the cement milk or mortar in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 99.9% by weight or less, more preferably 99.5% by weight or less, and even more preferably 99% by weight or less. When the content of the cement milk or mortar is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0123] When obtaining an uneven surface preparation body like the uneven surface preparation body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the cement milk or mortar in 100% by weight of the uneven surface preparation material is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more, and even more preferably 70% by weight or more. When obtaining an uneven surface preparation body like the uneven surface preparation body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the cement milk or mortar in 100% by weight of the uneven surface preparation material is preferably 99% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less, and even more preferably 90% by weight or less. When the content of the cement milk or mortar is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0124] When obtaining an uneven surface preparation body like the uneven surface preparation body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the cement milk or mortar in 100% by weight of the filling material is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, and even more preferably 95% by weight or more. When obtaining an uneven surface preparation body like the uneven surface preparation body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the cement milk or mortar in 100% by weight of the filling material is preferably 99.9% by weight or less, more preferably 99.5% by weight or less, and even more preferably 99% by weight or less. When the content of the cement milk or mortar is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0125] If the cement milk or mortar contains Portland cement and a heating process such as hot pressing is performed when hardening the cement milk or mortar, it is preferable that the cement milk or mortar be used in combination with a thermosetting component. In this case, ettringite is generated when the Portland cement and the thermosetting component are hydrated, which accelerates the hardening reaction of the cement milk or mortar and shortens the hardening time.

[0126] Examples of the thermosetting components mentioned above include alumina cement, anhydrous gypsum, and hemihydrate gypsum. Only one of these thermosetting components may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0127] <Ion-releasing compounds> The above-mentioned unevenness leveling material includes an ion-releasing compound (ion-releasing compound) capable of releasing cations or anions. The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is capable of generating poorly water-soluble salts.

[0128] The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound may be a compound capable of releasing cations, a compound capable of releasing anions, a compound capable of releasing both cations and anions, or a mixture of a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions. The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound may contain a compound capable of releasing cations, a compound capable of releasing anions, or a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions. The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0129] It is preferable that the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound generates poorly water-soluble salts upon contact with moisture adhering to the ground, etc. It is preferable that cations or anions are released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound by water or moisture reaching the area where the above-mentioned uneven surface leveling material is placed. Specifically, if the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is a compound capable of releasing cations, it is preferable that the cations released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound and anions dissolved in moisture, etc., react chemically to form a poorly water-soluble salt. If the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is a compound capable of releasing anions, it is preferable that the anions released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound and cations dissolved in moisture, etc., react chemically to form a poorly water-soluble salt. Furthermore, if the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is a compound capable of releasing both cations and anions, or a mixture of a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions, it is preferable that the cations and anions released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound move through moisture, etc., as a medium, and a poorly water-soluble salt is formed at the point where they meet.

[0130] The ion-releasing compound described above may be an inorganic salt, an ion-exchange resin, or an ion complex.

[0131] Examples of the ion-releasing compounds mentioned above include calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. It is preferable that the ion-releasing compound is one of these compounds. These ion-releasing compounds can more effectively produce poorly water-soluble salts.

[0132] Examples of compounds capable of releasing the above-mentioned cations include calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium bicarbonate. Only one of these cation-releasing compounds may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0133] The compound capable of releasing the above cations is preferably calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or calcium bicarbonate. If the compound capable of releasing the above cations is one of the above preferred compounds, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited more effectively. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above cations is more preferably calcium oxide, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, or barium lactate, and even more preferably calcium lactate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above cations is preferably a compound capable of releasing calcium ions, and even more preferably an organic calcium acid salt. Examples of the above organic calcium acid salts include calcium acetate and calcium lactate.

[0134] Examples of compounds capable of releasing the above-mentioned anions include sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate. Only one of these anion-releasing compounds may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0135] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above anions is preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium bicarbonate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above anions is more preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, and even more preferably sodium bicarbonate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above anions is preferably a compound capable of releasing bicarbonate ions (bicarbonate ions) or carbonate ions.

[0136] Examples of compounds capable of releasing both the cations and anions mentioned above include calcium bicarbonate.

[0137] From the viewpoint of producing poorly water-soluble salts more effectively, the ion-releasing compound is preferably a mixture of a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions, and more preferably a mixture of a compound capable of releasing calcium ions and a compound capable of releasing bicarbonate ions or carbonate ions.

[0138] Examples of poorly water-soluble salts include calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium silicate, and iron hydroxide.

[0139] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the poorly water-soluble salt is preferably calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide, and more preferably calcium carbonate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the ion-releasing compound is preferably capable of producing calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide as a poorly water-soluble salt, and more preferably capable of producing calcium carbonate.

[0140] The ion-releasing compound may be in particulate form. The ion-releasing compound may be spherical, or have other shapes, or be flattened. The ion-releasing compound is preferably spherical.

[0141] The particle size of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 1.0 μm or larger, more preferably 5.0 μm or larger, even more preferably 10 μm or larger, preferably 200 μm or smaller, more preferably 150 μm or smaller, and even more preferably 120 μm or smaller. If the particle size of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit, the dispersibility in the unevenness adjusting material (or in the bag material when obtaining an unevenness adjusting material such as the unevenness adjusting material 1C shown in Figure 3) can be improved. Also, if the particle size of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit, the ion-releasing compound can be well coated by the coating agent described later, and the dispersibility in the unevenness adjusting material (or in the bag material when obtaining an unevenness adjusting material such as the unevenness adjusting material 1C shown in Figure 3) can be improved. If the particle size of the ion-releasing compound is below the upper limit, the viscosity of the composition containing the ion-releasing compound can be improved.

[0142] The particle size of the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is preferably the average particle size. The above-mentioned average particle size refers to the number-average particle size. The average particle size of the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound can be determined by observing 50 arbitrary ion-releasing compounds with an electron microscope or optical microscope and calculating the average value.

[0143] In the above-mentioned surface leveling material, the surface of the ion-releasing compound may be coated with a coating agent. The ion-releasing compound may also be contained within microcapsules. When the ion-releasing compound is an inorganic salt, it is preferable that the surface of the ion-releasing compound in the surface leveling material is coated with a coating agent. In particular, when the ion-releasing compound is an inorganic salt, it is preferable that the surface leveling material contains microcapsules containing the ion-releasing compound as an encapsulation. When the surface of the ion-releasing compound is coated with a coating agent, or when the ion-releasing compound is contained within microcapsules, the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound can be controlled.

[0144] Preferably, the ion-releasing compound coated with the above coating agent is capable of releasing cations or anions when moisture such as water or humidity comes into contact with the surface leveling material and the moisture diffuses into the interior of the coating agent. The ion-releasing compound coated with the above coating agent may also be capable of releasing cations or anions from voids in the coating agent. The ion-releasing compound coated with the above coating agent may also be capable of diffusing into the interior of the coating agent and releasing cations or anions. In these cases, the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound can be controlled more effectively.

[0145] Preferably, the microcapsules described above are capable of releasing the ion-releasing compound. Preferably, the membrane constituting the microcapsules disintegrates when they come into contact with moisture such as water or humidity. In this case, the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound can be controlled more effectively.

[0146] The materials for the membrane constituting the microcapsules and the coating agent for covering the surface of the ion-releasing compound can be appropriately selected depending on the type of ion-releasing compound. Preferably, the materials for the membrane constituting the microcapsules and the coating agent for covering the surface of the ion-releasing compound contain a coupling agent or a resin. In this case, the dispersibility of the ion-releasing compound in the unevenness adjusting material (in the bag material when obtaining an unevenness adjusting material such as the unevenness adjusting material 1C shown in Figure 3) can be improved, and the timing and amount of cation or anion release can be well controlled. In addition, the thickness of the membrane constituting the microcapsules can be made uniform, and the surface of the ion-releasing compound can be uniformly coated with the coating agent.

[0147] Examples of the coupling agents mentioned above include silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents.

[0148] Examples of the above resins include water-soluble resins, thermoplastic resins, and curable resins. Only one type of resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. If the curable component contains a resin, the resin contained in the curable component and the resin contained in the coating agent material may be the same or different.

[0149] Examples of the water-soluble resins mentioned above include polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid resin (PLA resin), poly(meth)acrylic acid, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and methylcellulose.

[0150] Examples of the thermoplastic resins mentioned above include fluororesins, polyolefin resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, polyester resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins (ABS resins), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0151] Examples of the polyolefin resins mentioned above include polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPDM), isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, polystyrene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene-α-olefin copolymer.

[0152] Examples of the curable resins mentioned above include thermosetting resins, photocurable resins, and moisture-curable resins. Only one type of curable resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0153] Examples of the thermosetting resins mentioned above include epoxy resins, phenolic resins, (meth)acrylic resins, unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, polyimide resins, urethane resins, and polyurea resins. The thermosetting resins may be used in combination with a thermosetting agent.

[0154] Examples of the above-mentioned photocurable resins include (meth)acrylic resins, (meth)acrylic urethane resins, epoxy resins, and silicone resins. The above-mentioned photocurable resins may be used in combination with a photopolymerization initiator.

[0155] Examples of the above-mentioned moisture-curing resins include moisture-curing urethane resins and hydrolyzable silyl group-containing resins.

[0156] From the viewpoint of further improving the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound, the resin contained in the material of the coating agent preferably contains a thermoplastic resin, more preferably a polyolefin resin, and even more preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. From the viewpoint of further improving the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound, the resin contained in the material of the coating agent is particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

[0157] The thickness of the membrane constituting the microcapsule and the thickness of the coating layer made by the coating agent are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of better controlling the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound, the thickness of the membrane constituting the microcapsule and the thickness of the coating layer made by the coating agent are preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 5 μm or more, preferably 1000 μm or less, and more preferably 200 μm or less.

[0158] In 100% by weight of the above unevenness leveling material, the content of the above ion-releasing compound is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, even more preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 20% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight or less, even more preferably 45% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less. When the content of the above ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved in the long term.

[0159] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, even more preferably 10% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20% by weight or more. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight or less, even more preferably 45% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0160] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 5 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20 parts by weight or more, per 100 parts by weight of the hardening component. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1A shown in Figure 1, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 70 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the hardening component. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0161] When obtaining a leveling material such as leveling material 1A shown in Figure 1, the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or less. When the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term. When the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent is below the upper limit, the viscosity of the leveling material can be improved.

[0162] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, even more preferably 10% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20% by weight or more. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight or less, even more preferably 45% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved in the long term.

[0163] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 5 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20 parts by weight or more, per 100 parts by weight of the hardening component. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1B shown in Figure 2, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 70 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the hardening component. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0164] When obtaining a leveling material such as leveling material 1B shown in Figure 2, the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or less. When the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term. When the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent is below the upper limit, the viscosity of the leveling material can be improved.

[0165] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.5% by weight or more, even more preferably 1% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 2% by weight or more. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the leveling material is preferably 30% by weight or less, more preferably 20% by weight or less, even more preferably 10% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 5% by weight or less. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0166] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the bag material is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, even more preferably 10% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20% by weight or more. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound in 100% by weight of the bag material is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight or less, even more preferably 45% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0167] When obtaining a surface leveling body such as surface leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 5 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20 parts by weight or more, per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. When obtaining a surface leveling body such as surface leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 70 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0168] When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 5 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 20 parts by weight or more, per 100 parts by weight of the hardening component. When obtaining a leveling body such as leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the content of the ion-releasing compound is preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 70 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the hardening component. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved over the long term.

[0169] When obtaining a surface leveling body such as surface leveling body 1C shown in Figure 3, the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent in 100% by weight of the bag material is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or less. When the total content of the ion-releasing compound and the coating agent is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are produced well. As a result, the adhesion between the ground and the structure can be improved in the long term.

[0170] <Other ingredients> The above-mentioned surface leveling material may optionally contain other components besides the above-mentioned curing component, the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound, the above-mentioned coating agent, the above-mentioned foaming agent, and the above-mentioned wood chips. The material of the above-mentioned pressure plate may optionally contain other components besides the material of the above-mentioned pressure plate body, the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound, and the above-mentioned coating agent. Examples of the above-mentioned other components include reaction catalysts, reaction accelerators, crosslinking agents, water absorbers, antioxidants, and colorants.

[0171] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0172] The following materials were prepared.

[0173] (curable component) Cement A ("Ordinary Portland Cement" manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Corporation) Cement B ("Blast Furnace Type B Cement" manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Corporation) Fine aggregate (Tsukada Ceramics Co., Ltd. "Concrete Powdered Sand A", average particle size 0.05 mm) Mixing water Polyether polyol (Sumika Covestro Urethane Co., Ltd. "9158", viscosity 500 mPa·s at 23°C) Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Tosoh Corporation's "Polymeric MDI", viscosity 200 mPa·s at 23°C) Urethane catalyst 1 (dibutyltin dimalate) Urethane catalyst 2 (tertiary amine compound, "TOYOCAT-DB30" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Foaming agent (water) Foam stabilizer (silicone oil, Toray Dow Silicone Co., Ltd. "SZ-1729")

[0174] (Ion-releasing compounds) Calcium chloride (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, average particle size 107 μm) Sodium bicarbonate A (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., obtained by grinding a product with an average particle size of 5 mm and classifying particles smaller than 100 μm) Sodium bicarbonate B (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, average particle size 107 μm) Calcium lactate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, average particle size 50 μm) Sodium carbonate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, average particle size 100 μm) Calcium acetate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, average particle size 10 μm)

[0175] (Coating agent) Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Tosoh Corporation's "EVA UltraCene #636")

[0176] (piece of wood) Pine thinnings (with bark, from Gunma Prefecture) were cut into lengths of approximately 1.5m to 2.0m. The cut pine thinnings were crushed using a MORBARK "Tab Grinder Model 1000" (60mm square screen) to obtain wood chips (less than 60mm in length).

[0177] (thermoplastic resin) Polyethylene resin (Tosoh Corporation's "Low-density PE Petrocene #360")

[0178] (Example 1) A first composition was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of polyether polyol, 0.1 parts by weight of dibutyltin dimalate, 0.3 parts by weight of tertiary amine compound, 0.12 parts by weight of foaming agent (water), 0.3 parts by weight of foam stabilizer, 10 parts by weight of calcium chloride, and 10 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate A. A second composition was prepared, consisting of 140 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0179] The second composition was added to the first composition obtained, and the mixture was stirred for 30 seconds to obtain a surface leveling material. The obtained surface leveling material was filled into a 20 L plastic container and left to stand under atmospheric pressure at 23°C and 50% RH to obtain test specimen A (urethane foam resin body).

[0180] (Example 2) A mixture was obtained by mixing 80 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 10 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, and 10 parts by weight of calcium acetate. A leveling material was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of wood chips and 7 parts by weight of the obtained mixture in a drum blender.

[0181] The resulting surface leveling material was layered in a container (50 cm wide x 50 cm deep) so that the wood chips were randomly oriented. Then, it was compressed in the thickness direction under conditions of 180°C and 1 MPa to form a mat-like test specimen B (density 0.2 g / cm³). 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 ) was obtained.

[0182] (Example 3) 20 kg of cement A and 10 kg of mixing water were mixed to obtain 30 kg of cement milk.

[0183] Sodium bicarbonate B and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer were melt-mixed in an extruder, extruded into strands, pelletized, then cryopreserved and classified to obtain a powder with an average particle size of 50 μm in which more than a portion of the surface of the sodium bicarbonate was coated with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Similarly, calcium acetate and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer were melt-mixed in an extruder, extruded into strands, pelletized, then cryopreserved and classified to obtain a powder with an average particle size of 50 μm in which more than a portion of the surface of the calcium acetate was coated with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer was 50% by weight in 100% by weight of each of the above powders. 5 kg each of the obtained powders was mixed with 100 kg of cement milk to obtain a mixture. 100 parts by weight of wood chips and 20 parts by weight of the obtained mixture were mixed in a drum blender to obtain a leveling material.

[0184] The obtained 5 kg of unevenness leveling material was compressed under conditions of 23°C and 1 MPa, then removed and cured indoors to form a mat-like test specimen C (density 0.2 g / cm³). 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 ) was obtained.

[0185] (Example 4) 80 parts by weight of polyethylene resin, 10 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate B, and 10 parts by weight of calcium lactate were melt-mixed using an extruder and extruded onto a film from a T-die attached to the tip of the extruder to obtain a film with a width of 1 m and a thickness of 1 mm. The obtained film was folded so that it overlapped in the width direction, and both ends and one end in the length direction were heat-fused to obtain a bag material (circumference 1 m, length 50 cm) containing thermoplastic resin and an ion-releasing compound.

[0186] Furthermore, 20 kg of cement B, 20 kg of fine aggregate, and 20 kg of mixing water were mixed to obtain 60 kg of mortar (filling material). The obtained mortar (filling material) was injected through the opening of the obtained bag material, and after injection, the opening of the bag body was heated and fused again to obtain a leveling material.

[0187] The resulting unevenness leveling material was allowed to harden by standing at 23°C and 60%RH for 28 days to obtain test specimen D.

[0188] (Comparative Example 1) Test specimen E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an ion-releasing compound was not used.

[0189] (Comparative Example 2) Test specimen F was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that an ion-releasing compound was not used.

[0190] (Comparative Example 3) Test specimen G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that an ion-releasing compound and a coating agent were not used.

[0191] (Comparative Example 4) Test specimen H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that an ion-releasing compound was not used.

[0192] (evaluation) (1) Formation of poorly water-soluble salts The specimens obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were placed on the surface of moistened silica sand and left to stand for one month. After that, the underside of each specimen and the surface of the silica sand surrounding each specimen were visually inspected in detail to see if particles had precipitated.

[0193] In Examples 1-4, particles precipitated on both the surface of the test specimen and the surface of the surrounding silica sand. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1-4, no particles precipitated on either the surface of the test specimen or the surface of the surrounding silica sand. In the test specimens where particles precipitated on the surface, observation using a scanning electron microscope revealed aggregates of particles with a dense crystalline structure (calcite structure of calcium carbonate).

[0194] In other words, the formation of poorly water-soluble salts was confirmed in Examples 1 to 4, while the formation of poorly water-soluble salts was not confirmed in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0195] 1A, 1B, 1C…Uneven adjustment body 2A, 2B, 2C...cured product of curable component 3…Ion-releasing compounds 4…piece of wood 5...Thermoplastic resin 6...Bag body material 7…Middle part

Claims

1. It is a leveling material placed in the gap between the ground and the structure. The aforementioned unevenness leveling material comprises a curable component, an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions, and a foaming agent. The curable component comprises a polyol compound and an isocyanate compound. The ion-releasing compound is capable of producing poorly water-soluble salts. A leveling agent wherein the foaming agent contains water or an organic halogen compound.

2. The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1, wherein the poorly water-soluble salt is calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide.

3. The ion-releasing compound includes a compound capable of releasing cations, The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound capable of releasing the cation is calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or calcium bicarbonate.

4. The ion-releasing compound includes a compound capable of releasing anions, The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound capable of releasing the anion is sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium bicarbonate.

5. The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the ion-releasing compound is coated with a coating agent.

6. The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hardening component includes cement milk or mortar.

7. The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a plurality of wood pieces.

8. The bag comprises a bag material and a filling material that is filled inside the bag material. The bag material comprises a thermoplastic resin and the ion-releasing compound. The unevenness leveling material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filling material contains the curable component.

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