Power system

Abstract

To provide a power system capable of performing appropriate energy management even when transmitting power through a power grid.SOLUTION: A power system S1 for supplying power to a power consumer facility L1 through a power grid comprises: at least one first power control device B1 to which each of at least one first power equipment Y1 is individually connected, and capable of controlling first power output from the connected first power equipment Y1 to the power grid; a monitoring device D1 for monitoring a power consumption of the power consumer facility L1; and a processing device A1 capable of communicating with the monitoring device D1 and the at least one first power control device B1. The processing device A1 calculates a control command value to each of the at least one first power control device B1 by taking into account the power consumption, and a consignment loss generated in power transmission through the power grid. The at least one first power control device B1 controls the first power output on the basis of the control command value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to power systems. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, power systems that supply power to a load from multiple power devices (distributed power sources) are known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a power system that performs power control using multiple power devices. The power system described in Patent Document 1 comprises multiple power control devices. Each of these multiple power control devices is connected to a corresponding power device. Each power control device controls the output power of the connected power device and supplies power to the load. In the power system described in Patent Document 1, power devices such as solar cells, storage batteries, and electric vehicles are used. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a power system that takes into account the exchange of power between regions. In the power system described in Patent Document 2, power is transmitted between two power systems connected by an inter-regional transmission line. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-150690 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-5302 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] As described in Patent Document 2, when power is transmitted via a power grid, transmission losses occur during power transmission through the power grid. These transmission losses create a difference between the power at the source and the power at the destination. Conventional power systems do not take such transmission losses into account, resulting in a difference between the power transmitted from power equipment and supplied to the load, and the power required by the load. Therefore, it becomes necessary to purchase electricity from, for example, the power company to cover this power difference. Thus, there was room for improvement in conventional power systems in terms of energy management that effectively utilizes the power from power equipment.

[0005] This disclosure was conceived in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a power system that can perform appropriate energy management even when transmitting power through a power grid. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The power system of this disclosure is a power system that supplies power to a power consumer facility via a power grid, comprising: at least one first power device, each individually connected; at least one first power control device capable of controlling a first output power from the connected first power device to the power grid; a monitoring device for monitoring the power consumption of the power consumer facility; and a processing device capable of communicating with the monitoring device and the at least one first power control device, wherein the processing device calculates a control command value for each of the at least one first power control device, taking into account the power consumption and transmission losses occurring in power transmission via the power grid, and the at least one first power control device controls the first output power based on the control command value.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the power system, at least one second power device is individually connected to the power system, and the system further comprises at least one second power control device that monitors the second output power from the connected second power device to the power grid, wherein the processing device is communicative with each of the at least one second power control device, and the processing device includes a target setting unit that sets a target power taking into account the transmission loss, a first calculation unit that calculates the total output power of the power system by acquiring the first output power of each of the at least one first power control device, the second output power of each of the at least one second power control device, and the power consumption, and a second calculation unit that calculates the control command value for making the total output power the target power.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the power system, the at least one first power control device includes at least one of the following: a battery control device to which a battery is connected and which controls the charging and discharging of the battery; an EV control device to which an electric vehicle is connected and which controls the charging and discharging of the electric vehicle; and a photovoltaic power generation control device to which a solar cell is connected and which controls the amount of power generated by the solar cell.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the power system, the at least one first power control device includes a comprehensive control device, the comprehensive control device comprises a plurality of lower-level control devices to which the first power equipment is connected, and a management device for managing the plurality of lower-level control devices, the management device calculates a lower-level target power based on the control command value, and calculates a lower-level control command value for each of the plurality of lower-level control devices based on the calculated lower-level target power, and each of the plurality of lower-level control devices controls the first output power of the connected first power equipment based on the lower-level control command value calculated by the comprehensive control device.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the power system, there are a plurality of said first power control devices, said control command value is an induction command value that is common to each of said plurality of first power control devices, and each of said plurality of first power control devices calculates a target value of said first output power using said received induction command value, and controls said first output power to reach said target value. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] In the power system of the present disclosure, a control command value for each first power control device is calculated in consideration of wheeling loss caused by power transmission via a power system. Therefore, each first power control device controls the first output power based on the control command value, whereby power control is performed in consideration of the wheeling loss. This suppresses the difference between the power transmitted from the electric power equipment and supplied to the load and the power required by the load. Therefore, the power system of the present disclosure can perform appropriate energy management even when power is transmitted via a power system. [Brief Description of the Drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing the power system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing power control performed by the power system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram showing the power system according to the second embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing control performed by the comprehensive control device of the power system according to the second embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram showing the power system according to the third embodiment. [Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]

[0013] Preferred embodiments of the power system of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, the same or similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions will be omitted.

[0014] FIG. 1 shows an example of the overall configuration of a power system S1 according to the first embodiment. The power system S1 includes a processing device A1, at least one first power control device B1, at least one second power control device C1, and at least one monitoring device D1. In the illustrated example, the power system S1 includes three first power control devices B1, one second power control device C1, and one monitoring device D1; however, the number of each of the first power control devices B1, the second power control devices, and the monitoring devices D1 is not limited to this example. In FIG. 1, thick lines indicate power networks, and broken lines indicate communication networks.

[0015] The power system S1 supplies power to a power consumer facility L1 via a power line 99. The power line 99 is connected to a power grid. In the present disclosure, power transmission via the power grid includes power transmission via the power line 99. The power consumer facility L1 is connected to the power line 99 via a connection line 93, and is supplied with power from one or both of the power grid and the power system S1. The power consumer facility L1 may be configured to include one power load, or may be configured to include a plurality of power loads. Power loads include general loads and important loads. General loads include, for example, electrical devices that are relatively less affected even when power is cut off during a disaster. Important loads are important loads that require continuous power supply even during disasters, and include, for example, emergency elevators, electrical devices requiring continuous operation, building lighting, and air conditioning equipment.

[0016] In the power system S1, the processing unit A1, each first power control device B1, each second power control device C1, and the monitoring device D1 work together to control the power. In this power control, the processing unit A1 obtains the output power of power equipment (first power equipment Y1) from each first power control device B1. The processing unit A1 also obtains the output power of power equipment (second power equipment Y2) from each second power control device C1. The processing unit A1 also obtains the output power (power consumption) of the power consumer equipment L1 from the monitoring device D1. Then, the processing unit A1 calculates a control command value for each first power control device B1, taking into account this power information and transmission losses. Transmission losses are losses that occur in power transmission via the power system (power lines 99). In this embodiment, the processing unit A1 calculates an induced command value that is common to each first power control device B1 as the control command value. This induced command value is the same as that described in Patent Document 1. Each first power control device B1 calculates the output target value of the connected power equipment (first power equipment Y1) based on the control command value (induction command value) calculated by the processing device A1, and controls the output power of the connected power equipment (first power equipment Y1) based on the calculated output target value. This power control adjusts the power supplied from the power system S1 to the power consumer equipment L1.

[0017] Each of the multiple first power control devices B1 is connected to the power line 99 by a connecting line 91, as shown in Figure 1. Each of the multiple first power control devices B1 is connected to a first power device Y1. Each of the multiple first power control devices B1 controls the output power (hereinafter referred to as "first output power") of the first power device Y1 to which it is connected. In the illustrated example, one first power device Y1 is connected to one first power control device B1, but unlike this example, multiple first power devices Y1 may be connected to one first power control device B1.

[0018] Multiple first power control devices B1 include a battery control device B11, an EV control device B12, and a photovoltaic power generation control device B13. Hereinafter, the photovoltaic power generation control device B13 will be referred to as "PV control device B13". EV stands for Electric Vehicle. PV stands for Photovoltaics. In addition, it may include control devices that control power generation using other renewable energy sources (wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, etc.), control devices that control power generation using fuel cells, control devices that control power generation using fossil fuels, and control devices that control virtual power generation managed by aggregators to manage the load on consumers. Although aggregators do not actually generate power, they consider the electricity saved through negawatt trading as generated power.

[0019] The battery control device B11 is connected to the battery Y11, which is the first power device Y1. The battery control device B11 charges and discharges the connected battery Y11. The battery control device B11 charges the battery Y11 by supplying power input from the power line 99 to the battery Y11. The battery control device B11 also discharges the battery Y11 by outputting the power stored in the battery Y11 to the power line 99.

[0020] The electric vehicle Y12, which functions as the first power device Y1, is connected to the EV control device B12. The EV control device B12 performs charging and discharging of the connected electric vehicle Y12. Charging and discharging of the electric vehicle Y12 refers to charging and discharging the battery (a battery that supplies power to the electric motor) installed in the electric vehicle Y12. The EV control device B12 charges the electric vehicle Y12 by supplying power input from the power line 99 to the electric vehicle Y12. The EV control device B12 also discharges the electric vehicle Y12 by outputting the power stored in the electric vehicle Y12 to the power line 99.

[0021] The PV control device B13 is connected to the solar cell Y13, which is the first power device Y1. The PV control device B13 controls the power generation of the connected solar cell Y13. The PV control device B13 can control (suppress) the amount of power generated by the solar cell Y13. The PV control device B13 outputs the power generated by the solar cell Y13 to the power line 99.

[0022] Each of the multiple first power control devices B1 (battery control device B11, EV control device B12, and PV control device B13) includes a first measurement unit 11, a first signal processing unit 12, and a first power conversion unit 13.

[0023] The first measurement unit 11 is installed on the connecting line 91. In the illustrated example, the first measurement unit 11 is installed on the power line 99 side of the connecting line 91, rather than on the first power conversion unit 13. The first measurement unit 11 measures the power (first output power) at the installation location and outputs it to the first signal processing unit 12.

[0024] The first signal processing unit 12 converts the measurement result (analog value) of the first measurement unit 11 into a measured value (digital value) of the first output power and transmits it to the processing unit A1. When power is output from the first power control device B1 to the power line 99 side, the measured value of the first output power is a positive value. On the other hand, when power is output from the power line 99 side to the first power control device B1, the measured value of the first output power is a negative value.

[0025] Furthermore, the first signal processing unit 12 receives a control command value from the processing unit A1. Based on the received control command value, the first signal processing unit 12 calculates the output target value of the first output power and outputs it to the first power conversion unit 13. In this embodiment, the first signal processing unit 12 receives the above-mentioned induction command value as the control command value. Then, it calculates the output target value of the first output power based on an optimization problem using the induction command value. This optimization problem includes an evaluation function and constraints. The evaluation function is, for example, the same as that described in Patent Document 1. In this embodiment, the first signal processing unit 12 performs the calculations of equations (1) and (2) below, which are derived from the evaluation function, in the same manner as described in Patent Document 1. In equations (1) and (2) below, Pref is the output target value of the first output power in the first power control device B1, pr is the induction command value, pr lmt The `pr` parameter represents the induction command value limit, and `a1` to `a4` represent the design parameters. lmt The design parameters a1 to a4 are the same as those described in Patent Document 1. Then, similar to the description in Patent Document 1, the output target value is calculated by correcting the calculation result with constraints. The constraints are the same as those described in Patent Document 1. Note that the constraints set for the battery PCS described in Patent Document 1 are set in the first signal processing unit 12 of the battery control device B11, the constraints set for the EV stand described in Patent Document 1 are set in the first signal processing unit 12 of the EV control device B12, and the constraints set for the solar PCS described in Patent Document 1 are set in the first signal processing unit 12 of the PV control device B13. Alternatively, the first signal processing unit 12 may calculate the output target value by solving the evaluation function under the constraints. The first signal processing unit 12 outputs the calculated output target value to the first power conversion unit 13.

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[0026] The first power conversion unit 13 is connected between the power line 99 and the first power device Y1 and performs power conversion between them. For example, if the first power device Y1 is a DC power source, the first power conversion unit 13 performs DC to AC conversion. The first power conversion unit 13 controls the first output power during power conversion. The first power conversion unit 13 controls the first output power (output power or input power of the first power device Y1) based on the output target value input from the first signal processing unit 12. The first power conversion unit 13 of the battery control device B11 controls the charging power or discharging power of the battery Y11. In this disclosure, the first power conversion unit 13 of the battery control device B11 discharges the battery Y11 when the received output target value is a positive value, and charges the battery Y11 when the received output target value is a negative value. The first power conversion unit 13 of the EV control device B12 controls the charging power or discharging power of the electric vehicle Y12. In this disclosure, the first power conversion unit 13 of the EV control device B12 discharges the electric vehicle Y12 when the received output target value is positive, and charges the electric vehicle Y12 when the received output target value is negative. The first power conversion unit 13 of the PV control device B13 controls the power generated by the solar cell Y13.

[0027] As shown in Figure 1, the second power control device C1 is connected to the power line 99 by a connecting line 92. The second power equipment Y2 is connected to the second power control device C1. The second power control device C1 monitors the output power of the connected second power equipment Y2 (hereinafter referred to as "second output power"). The second power control device C1 does not control the second output power of the connected second power equipment Y2 (however, it does perform power conversion as described later). In the illustrated example, one second power equipment Y2 is connected to the second power control device C1, but unlike this example, multiple second power equipment Y2 may be connected to the second power control device C1. Each first power equipment Y1, each second power equipment Y2, and the power consumer equipment L1 may be installed on multiple separate sites (locations) or on the same site (location).

[0028] The second power control device C1 includes a PV control device C11. The PV control device C11 is connected to a solar cell Y21, which is the second power device Y2. Unlike the PV control device B13, the PV control device C11 outputs the power generated by the solar cell Y21 as is. In other words, the PV control device C11 does not control (suppress) the power generated by the solar cell Y21. The second power control device C1 may also include a power generation control device connected to a generator that generates electricity from renewable energy (wind power, geothermal power, hydroelectric power, etc.) instead of or in addition to the PV control device C11.

[0029] The second power control device C1 (PV control device C11) includes a second measurement unit 21, a second signal processing unit 22, and a second power conversion unit 23.

[0030] The second measurement unit 21 is installed on the connecting line 92. In the illustrated example, the second measurement unit 21 is installed on the power line 99 side of the connecting line 92, closer to the second power conversion unit 23. The second measurement unit 21 measures the power (second output power) at the installation location and outputs it to the second signal processing unit 22.

[0031] The second signal processing unit 22 converts the measurement result (analog value) of the second measurement unit 21 into a measured value (digital value) of the second output power and transmits it to the processing unit A1. When power is output from the second power control device C1 to the power line 99 side, the measured value of the second output power is a positive value. On the other hand, when power is output from the power line 99 side to the second power control device C1, the measured value of the second output power is a negative value.

[0032] The second power conversion unit 23 is connected between the power line 99 and the second power device Y2, and performs power conversion between them. For example, if the second power device Y2 is a DC power source, the second power conversion unit 23 performs DC to AC conversion. The second power conversion unit 23 does not control the second output power (for example, control to change the magnitude) during power conversion. In this configuration, the second power control device C1 outputs the power input from the second power device Y2 to the power line 99 without changing the magnitude.

[0033] The monitoring device D1 monitors the power consumption of the electricity consumer equipment L1. If the electricity consumer equipment L1 has multiple power loads, the monitoring device D1 may monitor all power loads together with one device, or it may monitor each power load individually with multiple devices. The monitoring device D1 includes a third measurement unit 31 and a third signal processing unit 32.

[0034] The third measurement unit 31 is installed on the connection line 93. The third measurement unit 31 measures the power (power consumption) at the installation location and outputs it to the third signal processing unit 32.

[0035] The third signal processing unit 32 converts the measurement result (analog value) from the third measurement unit 31 into a measured value of power consumption (digital value) and transmits it to the processing unit A1. When power is supplied to the power consumer equipment L1, the measured value of power consumption will be a negative value.

[0036] The processing unit A1 is capable of bidirectional communication with each first power control device B1. The processing unit A1 is capable of unidirectional communication with each second power control device C1 and each monitoring device D1. The processing unit A1 acquires the first output power from each first power control device B1, the second output power from each second power control device C1, and the power consumption from each monitoring device D1. The processing unit A1 also calculates the transmission loss in the power system S1. Based on the acquired first output power, second output power and power consumption, and the calculated transmission loss, the processing unit A1 calculates a control command value for each first power control device B1. The processing unit A1 transmits the calculated control command value to each first power control device B1. As shown in Figure 1, the processing unit A1 includes a first calculation unit 41, a loss calculation unit 42, a target setting unit 43, a second calculation unit 44, and a communication unit 45.

[0037] The communication unit 45 communicates with each of the multiple first power control devices B1, the second power control device C1, and the monitoring device D1, respectively.

[0038] The first calculation unit 41 calculates the total output power of the power system S1. The first calculation unit 41 obtains the first output power from each of the multiple first power control devices B1, the second output power from the second power control device C1, and the power consumption from the monitoring device D1 via the communication unit 45. Then, it sums these up to calculate the total output power.

[0039] The loss calculation unit 42 calculates the transmission loss in the power system S1 (transmission loss that occurs in power transmission via the power line 99). The transmission loss is calculated by storing a fixed value for the power system S1 and reading out that fixed value. Unlike this example, the transmission loss may be calculated by multiplying a fixed ratio based on the setting of the demand of the power consumer equipment L1 and the contract voltage band of the consumer operating the power consumer equipment L1, similar to the transmission and distribution loss in a general transmission system. Alternatively, it may be calculated in a complex manner according to the geographical information of each power device (first power device Y1 and second power device Y2).

[0040] The target setting unit 43 sets a target value for the total output power of the power system S1 (hereinafter referred to as "target power"), taking into account transmission losses. For example, the target power is set to a value obtained by adding transmission losses to the provisional target value. In other words, the target setting unit 43 sets the value obtained by adding transmission losses to the provisional target value as the target power. In one example, the provisional target value is 0 (zero). This provisional target value of 0 (zero) is the value at which the sum of the first output power and the second output power matches the power consumption, assuming there are no transmission losses. In other words, assuming there are no transmission losses, all the power consumed by the power consumer equipment L1 is supplied by the first output power of each first power equipment Y1 and the second output power from the second power equipment Y2. Unlike this example, the provisional target value may be set empirically to a value greater than 0 (the value that causes the power system to output power to the power consumer equipment L1) so that a predetermined amount of power is always received from the power grid.

[0041] The second calculation unit 44 calculates a control command value to bring the total output power to the target power. The second calculation unit 44 calculates the induction command value by performing calculations such as the following equations (3) and (4). In the following equations (3) and (4), pr is the induction command value, λp is a state variable, and P C is the target power (active power), P is the current total output power (active power), ε is the gradient coefficient, and Ts is the update interval for the induction command value. Note that equations (3) and (4) below are equivalent to the calculation formulas described in Patent Document 1. The second calculation unit 44 transmits the calculated induction command value to each first power control device B1 via the communication unit 45.

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[0042] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating the power control performed by the power system S1. Figure 2(a) shows the processing performed by each first power control device B1. Figure 2(b) shows the processing performed by the second power control device C1. Figure 2(c) shows the processing performed by the monitoring device D1. Figure 2(d) shows the processing performed by the processing device A1. The power system S1 repeatedly performs the processing shown in Figure 2 at predetermined intervals.

[0043] As shown in Figure 2(a), each first power control device B1 measures the first output power using the first measurement unit 11 (S101). Each first power control device B1 transmits the measured value of the first output power to the processing device A1 using the first signal processing unit 12 (S102). As shown in Figure 2(d), the processing device A1 receives the measured value of the first output power from each first power control device B1 (S401).

[0044] As shown in Figure 2(b), the second power control device C1 measures the second output power using the second measurement unit 21 (S201). The second power control device C1 transmits the measured value of the second output power to the processing device A1 using the second signal processing unit 22 (S202). The processing device A1 receives the measured value of the second output power from the second power control device C1 as shown in Figure 2(d) (S402).

[0045] As shown in Figure 2(c), the monitoring device D1 measures power consumption using the third measurement unit 31 (S301). The monitoring device D1 transmits the measured power consumption value to the processing device A1 using the third signal processing unit 32 (S302). The processing device A1 receives the measured power consumption value from the monitoring device D1 as shown in Figure 2(d) (S403).

[0046] As shown in Figure 2(d), the processing unit A1 calculates the total output power of the power system S1 by adding the measured values ​​of each first output power received in step S401, the measured value of the second output power received in step S402, and the measured value of the power consumption received in step S403 (S404). Next, the processing unit A1 calculates the transmission loss that occurs in power transmission via the power line 99 (S405). The calculation of the transmission loss is performed by the loss calculation unit 42 as described above. Next, the processing unit A1 sets the target power by taking into account the transmission loss calculated in step S405 (S406). The calculation of the target power is performed by the target setting unit 43 as described above. Next, the processing unit A1 calculates the control command value (S407). In this embodiment, the processing unit A1 calculates the induced command value obtained by the calculation of equations (3) and (4) above as the control command value. Next, the processing unit A1 transmits the calculated control command value (induction command value) to each first power control unit B1 (S408). Each first power control unit B1 receives the control command value (induction command value) from the processing unit A1, as shown in Figure 2(a) (S103).

[0047] As shown in Figure 2(a), when each first power control device B1 receives a control command value (induction command value) in step S103, it calculates the output target value of the connected first power equipment Y1 based on the control command value (S104). In this embodiment, each first power control device B1 receives an induction command value as the control command value, and uses the received induction command value to perform equations (1) and (2) above. Through this calculation, each first power control device B1 calculates the output target value of the first power equipment Y1. Next, each first power control device B1 controls the first output power based on the calculated output target value (S105).

[0048] The power control of the above-described power system S1 (the process shown in FIG. 2) is an example, and is not limited thereto. For example, in the above example, the processing device A1 calculated the control command value such that the total output power becomes a target power that accounts for transmission loss. For convenience of understanding, let the sum of each first output power be ΣP1i, the sum of each second output power be ΣP2i, the sum of each power consumption be ΣP L1 i, the provisional target value be P t0 , and the transmission loss be P Loss . Here, i indicates that the device is the i-th device (the first power control device B1, the second power control device C1, or the monitoring device D1). In this case, in the process of FIG. 2, the processing device A1 calculated a control command value that satisfies ΣP1i+ΣP2i+ΣP L1 i=P t0 +P Loss . Configurations different from this example may be configured as follows. That is, the processing device A1 may calculate the control command value such that the total output power that accounts for transmission loss becomes the above provisional target value (ΣP1i+ΣP2i+ΣP L1 i-P Loss =P t0 ). Alternatively, the processing device A1 may calculate the control command value such that the sum of the total first output power and the total second output power is the power consumption that accounts for transmission loss (ΣP1i+ΣP2i=|ΣP L1 i|+P Loss ), or may calculate the control command value such that a value obtained by adding transmission loss to the sum of the total first output power and the total second output power equals the power consumption (ΣP1i+ΣP2i-P Loss =|ΣP L1 i|).

[0049] The operation and effects of power system S1 are as follows: In power system S1, the control command value for each first power control device B1 is calculated taking into account the transmission losses that occur in power transmission via the power grid (power line 99). With this configuration, for example, when supplying power from the first power equipment Y1 and the second power equipment Y2 to the power consumer equipment L1, the power that is the power consumed by the power consumer equipment L1 plus the transmission losses can be transmitted from the first power equipment Y1 and the second power equipment Y2. This suppresses the difference between the power required by the power consumer equipment L1 and the power transmitted from power system S1 (first power equipment Y1 and second power equipment Y2, etc.) to the power consumer equipment L1. For example, in power system S1, it is possible to have all the power required by the power consumer equipment L1 transmitted from the first power equipment Y1 and the second power equipment Y2, so there is no need to purchase electricity from a power company or the like. Therefore, the power system S1 can perform appropriate energy management even when transmitting power through the power grid. As a result, the power system S1 can efficiently utilize renewable energy from the first power equipment Y1 and the second power equipment Y2, etc., when supplying power to the power consumer equipment L1.

[0050] Figure 3 shows a power system S2 according to the second embodiment. Power system S2 differs from power system S1 in that the multiple first power control devices B1 include a comprehensive control device B15. In the illustrated example, the multiple first power control devices B1 include a battery control device B11 and a comprehensive control device B15, but they may also include either or both of an EV control device B12 and a PV control device B13. Furthermore, they may include multiple comprehensive control devices B15.

[0051] The comprehensive control device B15 is connected to the power line 99 by a connecting line 95. Multiple first power devices Y1 are connected to the comprehensive control device B15. These multiple first power devices Y1 are connected to the power line 99 via a connection point K1. The comprehensive control device B15 controls the multiple first power devices Y1. The comprehensive control device B15 includes a management device B150 and multiple subordinate control devices B151.

[0052] The management device B150 manages a plurality of lower-level control devices B151. Each of the plurality of lower-level control devices B151 is connected to a corresponding first power device Y1 from among a plurality of first power devices Y1 connected to the comprehensive control device B15. Each of the plurality of lower-level control devices B151 controls the power of the first power device Y1 to which it is connected. In the illustrated example, each of the plurality of lower-level control devices B151 is an EV control device to which an electric vehicle Y12 is connected as the first power device Y1. In other words, each of the plurality of lower-level control devices B151 controls the output power (hereinafter referred to as "lower output power") by controlling the charging and discharging of the electric vehicle Y12. Unlike the illustrated example, the plurality of first power devices Y1 connected to the comprehensive control device B15 may include not only the electric vehicle Y12 but also a storage battery Y11 and a solar cell Y13, etc. In this embodiment, the sum of the lower output power of each lower-level control device B151 corresponds to the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15. As shown in Figure 3, the control device B150 includes a measurement unit 51 and a signal processing unit 521, and each of the multiple lower-level control devices B151 includes a signal processing unit 522 and a power conversion unit 531.

[0053] The measurement unit 51 is installed on the connection line 95. In the illustrated example, the measurement unit 51 is installed on the connection line 95 on the power line 99 side of the connection point K1. The measurement unit 51 measures the power at the installation location (the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15) and outputs it to the signal processing unit 521.

[0054] The signal processing unit 521 converts the measurement result (analog value) from the measurement unit 51 into a measured value (digital value) of the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15 and transmits it to the processing device A1. The signal processing unit 521 also receives a control command value from the processing device A1. In this embodiment, the control command value calculated by the processing device A1 is called the "overall control command value". Based on the received overall control command value, the signal processing unit 521 calculates the output target value of the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15 (hereinafter referred to as the "lower target power"). Then, based on the calculated lower target power, it calculates lower control command values ​​for the multiple lower control devices B151. In this embodiment, the signal processing unit 521 calculates a lower guidance command value that is common to the multiple lower control devices B151 as the lower control command value. For example, the signal processing unit 521 calculates the lower guidance command value by performing calculations using equations (3) and (4) above. However, in the calculation of the lower guidance command value, pr in equations (3) and (4) above is the lower guidance command value, and P C Replace with the lower target power (active power), P with the current first output power in the comprehensive control device B15, and Ts with the update interval of the lower induction command value. The signal processing unit 521 transmits the calculated lower control command value (lower induction command value) to the multiple lower control devices B151.

[0055] The signal processing unit 522 receives lower control command values ​​from the management device B150. Based on the lower control command values, the signal processing unit 522 calculates target values ​​for lower output power. In this embodiment, the signal processing unit 522 receives lower induction command values ​​as lower control command values, and calculates target values ​​for lower output power based on an optimization problem using said lower induction command values. The signal processing unit 522 calculates the output target values ​​for each lower control device B151 by, for example, the calculations in equations (1) and (2) above. However, in the calculation of the output target values ​​for each lower control device B151, P in equation (1) above ref Replace with the lower output power target value and pr with the lower induction command value. The signal processing unit 522 outputs the calculated lower output power target value to the power conversion unit 531.

[0056] The power conversion unit 531, like the first power conversion unit 13, is connected between the power line 99 and the first power device Y1, and performs power conversion between them. During power conversion, the power conversion unit 531 controls the lower output power. The power conversion unit 531 controls the lower output power (output power or input power of the first power device Y1) based on a target value input from the signal processing unit 522. In this embodiment, since an electric vehicle Y12 is connected as the first power device Y1 to each lower control device B151, the power conversion unit 531 controls the charging power or discharging power of the electric vehicle Y12.

[0057] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the control performed by the comprehensive control unit B15. Figure 4(a) shows the processing performed by the management unit B150, and Figure 4(b) shows the processing performed by each subordinate control unit B151. The processing shown in Figure 4 is performed each time a control command value is transmitted from the processing unit A1.

[0058] As shown in Figure 4(a), the control device B150 receives an overall control command value from the processing device A1 (S501). As previously mentioned, the overall control command value is an inductive command value that is common to all first power control devices B1 (including the comprehensive control device B15). Next, the control device B150 calculates the lower target power using the overall control command value (S502). Next, the control device B150 measures the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15 using the measurement unit 51 (S503). Next, the control device B150 calculates lower control command values ​​for the multiple lower control devices B151 using the measurement result from the measurement unit 51 (measured value of the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15) and the lower target power (S504). In this embodiment, the lower control command value is a lower inductive command value that is common to all lower control devices B151. Next, the control device B150 transmits the calculated lower control command value (lower guidance command value) to each lower control device B151 (S505).

[0059] As shown in Figure 4(b), each lower-level control unit B151 receives a lower-level control command value from the management unit B150 (S601). Next, each lower-level control unit B151 calculates a target value for the lower-level output power using the lower-level control command value (S602). Then, each lower-level control unit B151 performs output control so that the lower-level output power reaches the target value calculated in step S602 (S603).

[0060] The operation and effects of power system S2 are as follows: In power system S2, as with power system S1, the control command value for each first power control device B1 is calculated taking into account the transmission losses that occur in power transmission via the power grid (power line 99). Therefore, as with power system S1, power system S2 can suppress the power difference between the power required by the power consumer facility L1 and the power transmitted from power system S2 (first power equipment Y1 and second power equipment Y2, etc.) and supplied to the power consumer facility L1. Thus, even when power transmission is performed via the power grid, appropriate energy management can be performed. As a result, power system S2 can efficiently utilize renewable energy from the first power equipment Y1 and second power equipment Y2, etc., in supplying power to the power consumer facility L1.

[0061] Furthermore, in the power system S2, the multiple first power control devices B1 include a comprehensive control device B15. The comprehensive control device B15 controls the power of the multiple first power devices Y1 that are connected to it. In this power control, the comprehensive control device B15 receives an overall control command value from the processing device A1 via the management device B150, and uses this overall control command value to generate lower-level control command values ​​for calculating the target output power of each first power device Y1. Then, the lower-level control device B151 controls the power of each first power device Y1 based on these lower-level control command values. With this configuration, the power of each first power device Y1 connected to the comprehensive control device B15 is controlled by the lower-level control command value calculated by the comprehensive control device B15 (management device B150), and power control that takes transmission losses into account is controlled by the overall control command value calculated by the processing device A1. Therefore, even if the power system S2 includes a system that controls multiple first power devices Y1 at a single power measurement point (the measurement point of the measurement unit 51), energy management that takes transmission losses into account becomes possible. In other words, the power system S2 can achieve both power control of multiple devices (first power devices Y1 connected to the comprehensive control device B15) by the comprehensive control device B15 and energy management that takes transmission losses into account.

[0062] Figure 5 shows a power system S3 according to the third embodiment. Power system S3 differs from power system S2 in that a second power device Y2 and a load L2 are connected to the comprehensive control device B15. The load L2 consumes power and is connected to the power line 99 via connection point K1.

[0063] The comprehensive control unit B15 of the power system S3 comprises at least one subordinate control unit B151 and at least one subordinate control unit B152. In this embodiment, it comprises multiple subordinate control units B151 and one subordinate control unit B152. Figure 5 illustrates one of the multiple subordinate control units B151.

[0064] A second power device Y2 is connected to the lower-level control device B152. This second power device Y2 is connected to the power line 99 via connection point K1. The lower-level control device B152 includes a power conversion unit 532. The power conversion unit 532, like the second power conversion unit 23, is connected between the power line 99 and the second power device Y2 as described above, and performs power conversion between them. In the illustrated example, the lower-level control device B152 is a PV control device to which a solar cell Y21, which is the second power device Y2, is connected. Unlike this example, the lower-level control device B152 may be a power generation control device to which a generator that generates electricity from other renewable energy sources (wind power, geothermal power, hydroelectric power, etc.) is connected. The second power device Y2 connected to the lower-level control device B152 is connected to the power line 99 via connection point K1.

[0065] The operation and effects of power system S3 are as follows: In power system S3, as with power systems S1 and S2, the control command value for the first power control device B1 is calculated taking into account the transmission losses that occur in power transmission via the power grid (power line 99). Therefore, power system S3, as with power systems S1 and S2, can suppress the power difference between the power required by the power consumer facility L1 and the power transmitted from power system S3 (first power equipment Y1 and second power equipment Y2, etc.) and supplied to the power consumer facility L1. Thus, even when power transmission is performed via the power grid, appropriate energy management can be performed. As a result, power system S3 can efficiently utilize renewable energy from the first power equipment Y1 and second power equipment Y2, etc., in supplying power to the power consumer facility L1.

[0066] Furthermore, in the power system S3, the comprehensive control device B15 is connected to the first power equipment Y1, as well as the second power equipment Y2 and the load L2. The comprehensive control device B15 controls the first output power in the comprehensive control device B15 by controlling the lower output power of the connected first power equipment Y1, taking into account the power consumption by the load L2 and the power generated by the second power equipment Y2. With this configuration, even when multiple types of equipment (first power equipment Y1, second power equipment Y2, and load L2) are connected to a single power measurement point (measurement point of the measurement unit 51), energy management that takes transmission losses into account becomes possible. In other words, the power system S3 can achieve both power control of multiple devices (first power equipment Y1, second power equipment Y2, and load L2 connected to the comprehensive control device B15) by the comprehensive control device B15 and energy management that takes transmission losses into account.

[0067] In the first to third embodiments described above, each power system S1 to S3 is shown to be equipped with at least one second power control device C1. However, unlike this example, each power system S1 to S3 does not need to be equipped with a second power control device C1.

[0068] In the first to third embodiments described above, an example was shown where the control command value (overall control command value and subordinate control command value) is a common induction command value for the first power control device B1. However, the control command value may also be a target value for the first output power of the first power control device B1. In other words, the processing device A1 may calculate the output target value for each first power control device B1. In this case, each first power control device B1 controls the power of the first power device Y1 based on the output target value received from the processing device A1. Therefore, in the modified example, the output target value for each first power control device B1 is not calculated distributedly by each first power control device B1, but is calculated collectively by the processing device A1. However, if the above induction command value is used as the control command value, each first power control device B1 controls the first output power in a distributed manner, thus reducing the processing load of the processing device A1.

[0069] The power system relating to this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. The specific configuration of each part of the power system relating to this disclosure can be modified in various ways. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0070] S1, S2, S3: Power system, A1: Processing unit, B1: First power control unit, B11: Battery control unit, B12: EV control unit, B13: Photovoltaic power generation control unit (PV control unit), B15: Comprehensive control unit, B150: Management unit, B151: Lower-level control unit, C1: Second power control unit, D1: Monitoring unit, L1: Power consumer equipment, Y1: First power equipment, Y11: Battery, Y12: Electric vehicle, Y13: Solar cell, Y2: Second power equipment, 41: First calculation unit, 42: Loss calculation unit, 43: Target setting unit, 44: Second calculation unit, 45: Communication unit

Claims

1. A power system that supplies electricity to electricity consumer equipment via the power grid, Each of the following is individually connected to at least one first power device, and a plurality of first power control devices capable of controlling the first output power from the connected first power device to the power system, A monitoring device for monitoring the power consumption of the aforementioned power consumer equipment, The system comprises the monitoring device and a processing device capable of communicating with the plurality of first power control devices, The processing device calculates control command values ​​for each of the plurality of first power control devices, taking into account the power consumption and the transmission losses that occur during power transmission through the power system. The plurality of first power control devices control the first output power based on the control command value. The control command value is an overall induction command value whose value is common to each of the plurality of first power control devices. The plurality of first power control devices include a comprehensive control device, The comprehensive control device comprises a plurality of subordinate control devices to which the first power device is connected, and a management device for managing the plurality of subordinate control devices. The management device calculates the lower target power based on an optimization problem using the overall induction command value, and calculates the lower control command value for each of the plurality of lower control devices based on the calculated lower target power. The lower control command value is a lower guidance command value whose value is common to each of the plurality of lower control devices. A power system in which each of the plurality of lower-level control devices calculates a target value for the first output power based on an optimization problem using the received lower-level induction command value, and controls the first output power to achieve that target value.

2. The system further comprises at least one second power control device, each individually connected to the second power equipment, and monitoring the second output power from the connected second power equipment to the power system, The processing device is capable of communicating with each of the at least one second power control device. The aforementioned processing apparatus is A target setting unit that sets the target power taking into account the aforementioned transmission losses, A first calculation unit that obtains the first output power of each of the plurality of first power control devices, the second output power of each of the at least one second power control device, and the power consumption, and calculates the total output power of the power system, The power system according to claim 1, further comprising: a second calculation unit for calculating the control command value for making the total output power the target power.

3. The power system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of first power control devices include at least one of: a battery control device to which a battery is connected and which controls the charging and discharging of the battery; an EV control device to which an electric vehicle is connected and which controls the charging and discharging of the electric vehicle; and a solar power generation control device to which a solar cell is connected and which controls the amount of power generated by the solar cell.

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