A method for regenerating filter media and cleaning flue gas.

Abstract

Some non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of regenerating at least one filter medium, the method comprising flowing a flue gas stream through or near at least one filter medium at a first temperature and increasing the temperature of the flue gas from the first temperature to a second temperature greater than the first temperature. Some non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of scrubbing a flue gas stream, the method comprising maintaining NOx removal efficiency by increasing the temperature of the flue gas stream from the first temperature to a second temperature greater than the first temperature.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to one or more methods among a method for regenerating at least one filter medium and a method for cleaning a flue gas flow. [Background technology]

[0002] Coal-fired power plants, municipal waste incinerators, and petroleum refineries contain a considerable variety and quantity of environmental pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NOx). x It generates large amounts of flue gas containing compounds, mercury (Hg) vapor, and particulate matter (PM). In the United States, burning coal alone produces approximately 27 million tons of SO2 and 45 tons of Hg annually. [Overview of the project]

[0003] NO from industrial flue gases such as those from coal-fired power plants. x Methods for removing compounds, sulfur oxides, mercury vapor, and particulate matter need to be improved.

[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for regenerating at least one filter medium, wherein the method provides at least one filter medium, wherein the at least one filter medium comprises at least one catalyst material and ammonium bicarbonate (ABS), ammonium sulfate (AS), or any combination thereof, and a flue gas stream is flowed through or near the at least one filter medium, wherein the flue gas stream comprises nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). x The NO of at least one filter medium contains a compound, and the flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow process. x To increase the removal efficiency, where the NO of at least one filter media x Increasing the removal efficiency includes adding ammonia (NH3) at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.5% of the flue gas flow concentration, and raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature.

[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for cleaning a flue gas stream, the method comprising providing at least one filter medium, wherein said at least one filter medium comprises at least one catalytic material; flowing the flue gas stream across a cross-section of said at least one filter medium from an upstream side to a downstream side of the filter medium through the cross-section of said at least one filter medium, wherein said flue gas stream contains NO including nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) x compounds, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3), wherein the flue gas stream is at a first temperature during the flowing step, and maintaining a constant NO x removal efficiency for said at least one filter medium, wherein maintaining the constant NO x removal efficiency for said at least one filter medium comprises increasing the temperature of the flue gas stream from the first temperature to a second temperature that exceeds the first temperature.

[0006] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for cleaning a flue gas stream, the method comprising flowing the flue gas stream in the vicinity of a cross-section of at least one filter medium such that the flue gas stream flows parallel to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from an upstream side of the filter medium to a downstream side of the filter medium, wherein said flue gas stream contains NO including nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) x compounds, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3), wherein the flue gas stream is at a first temperature during the flowing step, and maintaining a constant NO x removal efficiency for said at least one filter medium, wherein maintaining the constant NO x removal efficiency for said at least one filter medium comprises increasing the temperature of the flue gas stream from the first temperature to a second temperature that exceeds the first temperature.

[0007] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for cleaning a flue gas flow, the method comprising flowing the flue gas flow across the cross-section of at least one filter medium such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of at least one filter medium from the upstream side of the filter medium to the downstream side of the filter medium, wherein the flue gas flow contains NO, which includes nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). x The mixture contains a compound, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3), wherein the flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow process, and the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, thereby generating an initial NO x NO of at least 70% of the efficiency of the at least one filter media x This includes maintaining removal efficiency.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 230°C.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 240°C.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 280°C.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 280°C.

[0014] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C.

[0015] In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 1000 ppm during the maintenance process.

[0016] In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 10 ppm during the maintenance process. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] Some embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein merely as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. With particular detail reference to the drawings, it is emphasized that the embodiments shown are for illustrative purposes only and for illustrative purposes of the embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, the description with reference to the drawings will make it clear to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out.

[0018] [Figure 1A] Figure 1A shows an exemplary embodiment of the filter media according to this disclosure. [Figure 1B] Figure 1B shows an exemplary embodiment of the filter media according to this disclosure. [Figure 1C] Figure 1C shows an exemplary embodiment of a filter media according to the present disclosure. [Figure 1D] Figure 1D shows an exemplary embodiment of the filter media according to this disclosure.

[0019] [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows exemplary NOx removal efficiencies of the filter media described herein before, after, and after thermal regeneration of ammonium binitrate deposit.

[0020] [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows a comparison of NOx removal efficiency of the filter media described herein before, after, and after thermal regeneration of ammonium bisulfate deposition.

[0021] [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows further exemplary NOx removal efficiencies of the filter media described herein before, after, and after thermal regeneration of ammonium binitrate deposit.

[0022] [Figure 5]Figure 5 shows exemplary NOx removal efficiencies in catalyst filter samples after ammonium bisulfate deposition and thermal regeneration as described herein. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] Among the disclosed benefits and improvements, other objectives and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of this disclosure are disclosed herein. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the disclosure, which may be embodied in various forms. Furthermore, each of the examples given with respect to the various embodiments of this disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not limiting.

[0024] Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms have the meanings expressly associated herein unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. Where used herein, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and “in several embodiments” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and may do so. Furthermore, where used herein, the phrases “in another embodiment” and “in several other embodiments” do not necessarily refer to different embodiments, and may do so. All embodiments of this disclosure are intended to be combinable without departing from the scope or spirit of this disclosure.

[0025] When used herein, the term “based on” is not exclusive and, unless explicitly indicated otherwise in the context, may be based on additional factors not described herein. Furthermore, throughout the specification, the meanings of “a,” “an,” and “the” include multiple references. The meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.”

[0026] As used herein, the term “flow-through” means that the flue gas flow flows across the cross-section of at least one filter medium so that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments of a “flow-through” configuration, the flue gas flow flows perpendicular to the cross-section of at least one filter medium.

[0027] As used herein, the term “flow by” means that the flue gas flow does not flow across the cross-section of at least one filter medium, so as not to flow through the cross-section of the filter medium. In some embodiments of a “flow by” configuration, the flue gas flow flows parallel to the cross-section of at least one filter medium.

[0028] As used herein, “upstream” refers to the position of the flue gas flow before it enters the filter media. In a “flow-through” relationship, “upstream” may refer to the position of the flue gas flow before it enters the cross-section of the filter media. In a “flow-by” relationship, “upstream” may refer to the position of the flue gas flow before it enters the enclosure containing the filter media (e.g., a housing, filter bag, or other suitable enclosure as described herein).

[0029] As used herein, “downstream” refers to the location of the flue gas flow after it has left the filter media. In a “flow-through” relationship, “downstream” may refer to the location of the flue gas flow after it has left the cross-section of the filter media. In a “flow-by” relationship, “downstream” may refer to the location of the flue gas flow after it has left the enclosure containing the filter media (e.g., a housing, filter bag, or other suitable enclosure as described herein).

[0030] When used herein, "NO x The term "compound" refers to any oxide of nitrogen. In some non-limiting embodiments, "NO xThe term "compound" can specifically refer to gaseous oxides of nitrogen, which are known environmental pollutants.

[0031] As used herein, the term “catalyst composite article” as used in the examples refers to any material comprising a combination of at least one catalyst material and at least one additional material according to any embodiment described herein. The additional material is not limited to any particular type of material and may be, for example, a membrane, a felt vat, a ceramic substrate (including, but not limited to, a ceramic candle), a honeycomb substrate, a monolithic substrate, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting examples, the catalyst composite article may be a porous catalyst film.

[0032] When used in this specification, the "NO" shown in the examples refers to the "NO" x Removal efficiency ("DeNO x The term "efficiency" (also known as "efficiency") refers to a percentage value determined (e.g., calculated) according to the following algorithm: NO x Removal efficiency ("DeNO x Efficiency (%) = (NO xin -NO xout ) / NO xin ×100%

[0033] Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to a method for regenerating at least one filter medium.

[0034] In some embodiments, at least one filter medium includes at least one catalyst material. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material includes at least one or any combination thereof from vanadium monoxide (VO), vanadium trioxide (V2O3), vanadium dioxide (VO2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), tungsten trioxide (WO3), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum trioxide (Al2O3), manganese oxide (MnO2), and zeolite. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material is in the form of catalyst particles.

[0035] In some embodiments, at least one filter media includes an upstream side and a downstream side. In some embodiments, at least one filter media is arranged in at least one filter bag. In some embodiments, multiple filter media are arranged in a single filter bag. In some embodiments, at least one filter bag is housed in at least one filter bag housing. In some embodiments, multiple filter bags are arranged in a single filter bag housing.

[0036] In some embodiments, one filter media includes a porous protective layer and a porous catalyst layer. In some embodiments, the porous catalyst layer includes at least one catalyst material. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material is disposed on the porous catalyst layer. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material is contained within (e.g., embedded in) the porous catalyst layer.

[0037] In some embodiments, the porous protective layer includes a microporous layer. In some embodiments, the microporous layer includes an stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane.

[0038] In some embodiments, at least one catalyst material is bonded to a filter medium by at least one adhesive. In some embodiments, at least one catalyst material is bonded to a porous catalyst layer by at least one adhesive. In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one filter medium is in the form of a filter bag such that the bonding of at least one catalyst material to the porous catalyst layer by at least one adhesive forms a coated filter bag. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material is in the form of catalyst particles such that the coated filter bag is coated with catalyst particles.

[0039] In some embodiments, at least one adhesive is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high molecular weight polypropylene (HMWPP), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride (THV), chlorofluoroethylene (CFE), or any combination thereof.

[0040] In some embodiments, the porous catalyst layer comprises at least one polymer substrate. In some embodiments, the at least one polymer substrate is one of polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyparaxylylene, polylactic acid, polyimide, polyamide, polyaramid, polyphenylene sulfide, glass fiber, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one polymer substrate is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyparaxylylene, polylactic acid, polyimide, polyamide, polyaramid, polyphenylene sulfide, glass fiber, and any combination thereof.

[0041] In some embodiments, the porous catalyst layer comprises at least one ceramic substrate. In some embodiments, the at least one ceramic substrate is in the form of a ceramic candle as described herein. In some embodiments, one ceramic substrate comprises ceramic fibers. In some embodiments, the ceramic fibers comprise alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metal silicates, aluminosilicates, or any combination thereof.

[0042] In some embodiments, the porous catalyst layer is in the form of a layered assembly comprising a porous catalyst film and one or more felt bats. In some embodiments, one or more felt bats are positioned on at least one side of the porous catalyst film. In some embodiments, the porous catalyst film comprises at least one catalyst material. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material is positioned on the porous catalyst film. In some embodiments, the at least one catalyst material is contained within (e.g., embedded in) the porous catalyst film.

[0043] In some embodiments, one or more felt bats include at least one or any combination thereof from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt, PTFE fleece, stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) felt, ePTFE fleece, woven fluoropolymer staple fibers, and nonwoven fluoropolymer staple fibers.

[0044] In some embodiments, one or more felt bats are selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt, PTFE fleece, stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) felt, ePTFE fleece, woven fluoropolymer staple fibers, nonwoven fluoropolymer staple fibers, and any combination thereof.

[0045] In some embodiments, the porous catalyst film includes a membrane. In some embodiments, the porous catalyst film includes a polymer membrane. In some embodiments, the porous catalyst film includes a fluoropolymer membrane and may also be called a porous catalyst fluoropolymer film. In some embodiments, the porous catalyst film includes an stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane.

[0046] In some embodiments, the porous catalyst film contains catalyst particles entangled within the ePTFE membrane. In some embodiments, the ePTFE membrane has a microstructure including nodes, fibrils, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the catalyst particles may be entangled in the microstructure. In some embodiments, the catalyst particles may be entangled in the nodes. In some embodiments, the catalyst particles may be entangled in the fibrils. In some embodiments, the catalyst particles may be entangled in both the nodes and the fibrils.

[0047] In some embodiments, at least one filter medium is in the form of a ceramic candle. In some embodiments, the ceramic candle comprises at least one ceramic material. In some embodiments, the at least one ceramic material is selected from silica aluminate, calcium magnesium silicate, calcium silicate fibers, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, catalyst particles form a coating on the at least one ceramic material.

[0048] In some embodiments, at least one filter medium may include any material configured to capture at least one of solid particulate matter, liquid aerosols, or any combination thereof from the flue gas flow. In some embodiments, at least one filter medium may be in the form of at least one of filter bags, honeycomb, monolith, or any combination thereof.

[0049] In some embodiments, the filter media includes at least ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposits, ammonium sulfate (AS) deposits, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the ABS deposits are arranged on at least one catalyst material of at least one filter media. In some embodiments, the ABS deposits are arranged within at least one catalyst material of at least one filter media.

[0050] In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.1% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 1% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 10% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 25% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 50% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 75% to 99% by mass during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present during the supply process at a concentration ranging from 95% to 99% by mass of at least one filter medium.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 95% by mass of at least one filter medium during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 75% by mass of at least one filter medium during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 50% by mass of at least one filter medium during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 25% by mass of at least one filter medium during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 10% by mass of at least one filter medium during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present in a concentration range of 0.01% to 1% by mass of at least one filter medium during the supplying process. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present during the providing process at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 0.1% by mass of at least one filter medium.

[0052] In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present during the supplying process at a concentration ranging from 0.1% to 95% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present during the supplying process at a concentration ranging from 1% to 75% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, the ABS deposit is present during the supplying process at a concentration ranging from 10% to 50% by mass of at least one filter medium.

[0053] In some embodiments, a method for regenerating at least one filter media includes the step of passing a flue gas flow through at least one filter media (i.e., transversely to the cross-section of at least one filter media) such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of at least one filter media. In some embodiments, the flue gas flow flows from the upstream side to the downstream side of at least one filter media. In some embodiments, the flue gas flow flows perpendicular to the cross-section of at least one filter media.

[0054] In some embodiments, a method for regenerating at least one filter media includes directing the flue gas flow near the at least one filter media (i.e., non-transverse to the cross-section of the at least one filter media) so that the flue gas flow does not pass through the cross-section of the at least one filter media. In some embodiments, the flue gas flow is directed parallel to the cross-section of the at least one filter media.

[0055] In some embodiments, the flue gas flow is NO x Contains compounds. In some embodiments, NO x The compound contains nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In some embodiments, the flue gas stream further contains oxygen (O2), water (H2O), nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3), and at least one or any combination thereof of one or more hydrocarbons.

[0056] In some embodiments, a method for regenerating at least one filter media involves the NO of at least one filter media. x This includes increasing removal efficiency.

[0057] In some embodiments, the flue gas flow is at a first temperature while the flue gas flow is flowing, and NO of at least one filter media is filtered. x Increasing the removal efficiency involves raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from a first temperature to a second temperature that exceeds the first temperature.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 190°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 200°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 210°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 220°C to 230°C.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 220°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 210°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 200°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 190°C.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 190°C to 220°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 200°C to 210°C.

[0061] In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 20°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 30°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 40°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 50°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 60°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 70°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 80°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 90°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 100°C higher than the first temperature.

[0062] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 20°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 30°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 40°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 50°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 60°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 70°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 80°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 90°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature.

[0063] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 90°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 80°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 70°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 60°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 50°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 40°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 30°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 20°C higher than the first temperature.

[0064] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 20°C to 90°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 30°C to 80°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 40°C to 70°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 50°C to 60°C higher than the first temperature.

[0065] In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 240°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 245°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 280°C.

[0066] In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 280°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 245°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 240°C.

[0067] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 280°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 245°C.

[0068] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 245°C.

[0069] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 245°C to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 250°C to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 255°C to 265°C.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.5 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 1 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 2 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 5 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 10 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 12 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 24 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 36 to 48 hours.

[0071] In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 36 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 24 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 12 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 10 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 5 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 2 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 1 hour. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 0.5 hours.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.5 to 36 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 1 to 24 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 2 to 12 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 5 to 10 hours.

[0073] In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding ammonia (NH3) at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.5% of the flue gas flow concentration. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding NH3 at a concentration in the range of 0.001% to 0.5% of the flue gas flow concentration. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding ammonia (NH3) at a concentration in the range of 0.01% to 0.5% of the flue gas flow concentration. In some embodiments, NO is added to at least one filter media. xTo increase the removal efficiency, further include adding ammonia (NH3) at a concentration in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% of the flue gas flow concentration.

[0074] In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding NH3 at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.1% of the flue gas flow concentration. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding NH3 at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.05% of the flue gas flow concentration. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding NH3 at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.005% of the flue gas flow concentration.

[0075] In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x Increasing removal efficiency further includes adding NH3 at a concentration in the range of 0.005% to 0.1% of the flue gas flow concentration. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x To increase the removal efficiency, further include adding NH3 at a concentration in the range of 0.005% to 0.05% of the flue gas flow concentration.

[0076] In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, NH3 is converted into NO in the flue gas flow. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:50 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. xThe compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:25 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:10 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:5 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:2 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:1 to 5:1 depending on its concentration.

[0077] In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, NH3 is converted into NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 2:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:2 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:5 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas.x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:10 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:50, depending on its concentration.

[0078] In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, NH3 is converted into NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:50 to 2:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:25 to 1:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow rises from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:10 to 1:2, depending on its concentration.

[0079] In some embodiments, even if NH3 is not present in the flue gas flow, NO x Removal efficiency is improved. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature without the addition of NH3 to the flue gas flow.

[0080] In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x The removal efficiency is at least 0.5% higher after the ascent process than during the supply process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x The removal efficiency is at least 1% higher after the ascent process than during the supply process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media is removed. x The removal efficiency is at least 5% higher after the lifting process than during the supplying process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media is xThe removal efficiency is at least 10% higher after the ascent process than during the supply process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x The removal efficiency is at least 25% higher after the ascent process than during the supply process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x The removal efficiency is at least 50% higher after the lifting process than during the supplying process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x The removal efficiency is at least 75% higher after the ascent process than during the supply process. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is at least 100% higher after the lifting process than during the supplying process.

[0081] In some embodiments, NO x Increasing removal efficiency involves removing at least a portion of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, NO x Increasing removal efficiency involves removing at least 10% of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, NO x Increasing removal efficiency involves removing at least 25% of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, NO x Increasing removal efficiency involves removing at least 50% of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, NO x Increasing removal efficiency involves removing at least 75% of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, NO x Increasing removal efficiency involves removing at least 95% of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, NO xIncreasing removal efficiency involves removing all ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from at least one filter medium.

[0082] In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 90% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 50% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 20% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 10% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 5% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 1% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 0.1% by mass of at least one filter medium.

[0083] In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.1% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 1% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 5% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 10% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 20% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is placed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 50% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is placed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 90% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium.

[0084] In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.1% to 90% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 1% to 50% by mass of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, after the rising step, the ABS deposit is distributed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 5% to 20% by mass of at least one filter medium.

[0085] In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is determined by NO2 in at least one filter medium. xThe concentration does not exceed 1000 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium. x The concentration does not exceed 500 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 250 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 100 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 75 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 50 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is determined by the NO content of at least one filter medium. x The concentration does not exceed 25 ppm during the process to increase the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 12 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 10 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 5 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 2 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration should not exceed 1 ppm during the process to increase removal efficiency.

[0086] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for scrubbing a flue gas stream. In some embodiments, the method for scrubbing a flue gas stream may comprise flowing the flue gas stream through a filter medium as described herein (i.e., transversely to the cross-section of the filter medium such that the flue gas stream passes through the cross-section of at least one filter medium).

[0087] In some embodiments of the method for scrubbing a flue gas stream, the flue gas stream comprises NO x compounds. In some embodiments, NO x compounds may include nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In some embodiments, the flue gas stream may further include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia (NH3).

[0088] In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 1 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream. In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 2 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream. In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 5 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream. In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 10 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream. In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 25 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream. In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 50 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream. In some embodiments, SO2, NH3, and NO xThe compound is present in an amount of at least 100 mg / m based on the total volume of the flue gas stream 3 .

[0089] In some embodiments of a method for cleaning a flue gas stream, the method may comprise maintaining constant NO of at least one filter medium x removal efficiency. In some embodiments of a method for cleaning a flue gas stream, the method may comprise maintaining the NO removal efficiency of at least one filter medium that does not vary by more than 1%. In some embodiments of a method for cleaning a flue gas stream, the method may comprise maintaining the NO removal efficiency of at least one filter medium that does not vary by more than 5%. In some embodiments of a method for cleaning a flue gas stream, the method may comprise maintaining the NO x removal efficiency that does not vary by more than 10%. x x

[0090] In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 70% of the initial NO x efficiency. In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 75% of the initial NO x efficiency. In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 80% of the initial NO x efficiency. In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 85% of the initial NO x efficiency. In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 90% of the initial NO x efficiency. In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 95% of the initial NO x efficiency. In some embodiments, the NO x efficiency is maintained at an amount of at least 99% of the initial NO x efficiency.

[0091] ​​In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 70% to 99%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 75% to 99%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 80% to 99%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 85% to 99%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 90% to 99%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained within the range of 95% to 99%.

[0092] In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 70% to 95%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 70% to 90%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 70% to 85%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 70% to 80%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained within the range of 70% to 75%.

[0093] In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter medium x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained in the range of 75% to 95%. In some embodiments, NO of at least one filter media x Removal efficiency is, initial NO x Efficiency is maintained within the range of 80% to 90%.

[0094] In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is determined by NO2 in at least one filter medium. x During the process to maintain removal efficiency, the initial NO concentration should not exceed 1000 ppm (i.e., initial NO concentration). x As a percentage of efficiency, a certain NO x (As efficiency or in combination). In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is determined by the NO content of at least one filter medium. x Removal efficiency (i.e., initial NO x The efficiency (as a percentage, as a constant NOx efficiency, or a combination thereof) does not exceed 500 ppm during the process. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is maintained by at least one filter medium NO x Removal efficiency (i.e., initial NO x As a percentage of efficiency, a certain NO x The concentration does not exceed 250 ppm during the process of maintaining efficiency (or a combination thereof). In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x Removal efficiency (i.e., initial NO x As a percentage of efficiency, a certain NO x The concentration does not exceed 100 ppm during the process of maintaining efficiency (as an efficiency or a combination thereof). In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 75 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 50 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NOx The concentration does not exceed 25 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 12 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x During the process to maintain removal efficiency, the concentration does not exceed 10 ppm. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 5 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration does not exceed 2 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency. In some embodiments, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is controlled by at least one filter medium's NO x The concentration should not exceed 1 ppm during the process to maintain removal efficiency.

[0095] In some embodiments, the flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow of the flue gas flow, NO x Efficiency is maintained by raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature that exceeds the first temperature (i.e., initial NO x As a percentage of efficiency, or a certain NO x (As efficiency, or a combination thereof).

[0096] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 190°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 200°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 210°C to 230°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 220°C to 230°C.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 220°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 210°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 200°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 190°C.

[0098] In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 190°C to 220°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature is in the range of 200°C to 210°C.

[0099] In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 20°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 30°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 40°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 50°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 60°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 70°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 80°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 90°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 100°C higher than the first temperature.

[0100] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 20°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 30°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 40°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 50°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 60°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 70°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 80°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 90°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature.

[0101] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 90°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 80°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 70°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 60°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 50°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 40°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 30°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 10°C to 20°C higher than the first temperature.

[0102] In some embodiments, the second temperature is 20°C to 90°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 30°C to 80°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 40°C to 70°C higher than the first temperature. In some embodiments, the second temperature is 50°C to 60°C higher than the first temperature.

[0103] In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 240°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 245°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is at least 280°C.

[0104] In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 280°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 245°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is up to 240°C.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 280°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 245°C.

[0106] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 265°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 255°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 250°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 245°C.

[0107] In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 245°C to 275°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 250°C to 270°C. In some embodiments, the second temperature is in the range of 255°C to 265°C.

[0108] In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, NH3 is absorbed into the flue gas flow. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:50 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:25 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:10 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. xThe compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:5 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:2 to 5:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:1 to 5:1 depending on its concentration.

[0109] In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, NH3 is absorbed into the flue gas flow. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 2:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:2 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:5 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:10 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to the NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:100 to 1:50, depending on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, NH3 is converted into NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:50 to 2:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:25 to 1:1 based on its concentration. In some embodiments, while the temperature of the flue gas flow is raised from a first temperature to a second temperature above the first temperature, NH3 is added to NO in the flue gas. x The compound is added in a concentration ratio of 1:10 to 1:2, depending on its concentration.

[0110] In some embodiments, even if NH3 is not present in the flue gas flow, NO x Removal efficiency is maintained. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature without adding NH3 to the flue gas flow.

[0111] In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.5 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 1 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 2 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 5 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 10 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 12 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 24 to 48 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 36 to 48 hours.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 36 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 24 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 12 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 10 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 5 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 2 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 1 hour. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.25 to 0.5 hours.

[0113] In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 0.5 to 36 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 1 to 24 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 2 to 12 hours. In some embodiments, the first temperature is raised to the second temperature over a period of 5 to 10 hours.

[0114] In some embodiments, the first temperature is intermittently raised to the second temperature. In some embodiments, the first temperature is continuously raised to the second temperature.

[0115] In some embodiments, the intermittent increase occurs at regular time intervals. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase occurs at variable time intervals. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase occurs at random time intervals.

[0116] In some embodiments, the intermittent rise includes raising the first temperature to a second temperature over a predetermined period of time (for example, as described above) and then lowering the second temperature back to the first temperature after the predetermined period. In some embodiments, the intermittent rise includes performing the above steps periodically.

[0117] In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 hour to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 10 to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 100 to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1,000 to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 5,000 to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 10,000 to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 20,000 to 40,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to a second temperature every 30,000 to 40,000 hours.

[0118] In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 30,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 20,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 10,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 5,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 1,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 100 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 to 10 hours.

[0119] In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to a second temperature every 10 to 30,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to a second temperature every 100 to 20,000 hours. In some embodiments, the intermittent increase includes raising the first temperature to a second temperature every 1,000 to 5,000 hours.

[0120] Figures 1A to 1D show exemplary embodiments of filter media according to this disclosure.

[0121] Referring to Figure 1A, at least one filter media 101 may be housed within at least one filter bag 100. The flue gas flow 102 can flow through at least one filter media 101 by passing through cross section A. Once the gas flow 102 has flowed through at least one filter media 101, the flue gas flow 102 can flow near at least one filter bag, as indicated by the vertical arrows.

[0122] Figure 1B shows an exemplary filter media 101 according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1B, NOx A flue gas flow 102, which may contain compounds and solid particles 107, can flow through cross-section A from the upstream side 103 to the downstream side 104 of the filter media 101. Although not shown, the upstream side 103 of the filter media 101 may, in some embodiments, correspond to the outside of a filter bag, such as a filter bag 100. Similarly, the downstream side 104 of the filter media 101 may correspond to the inside of a filter bag, such as a filter bag 100. In some embodiments, the filter media 101 includes at least one protective film 106 and one or more felt bats 108 on one of the upstream side 103, the downstream side 104, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more felt bats 108 may be placed on a porous catalyst film 105. In some embodiments, the combination of one or more felt bats 108 and the porous catalyst film 105 may be called a porous catalyst layer (not shown in Figure 1B).

[0123] Figure 1C shows a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the porous catalyst film 105. As shown, the porous catalyst film 105 may include catalyst particles 109 on at least one surface of the porous catalyst film 105. The ABS deposit 110 may be placed on the surface of the catalyst particles 109.

[0124] Figure 1D shows further non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the filter media 101. As shown, the filter media 101 may include a porous catalyst layer 111. In some non-limiting embodiments, the filter media 101 may take the form of a filter bag. In some embodiments, the porous catalyst layer 111 may be coated with a catalytic material (not shown in Figure 1D), such as catalyst particles. In some embodiments, the catalytic material may be attached to the porous catalyst layer 111 by one or more adhesives (not shown) described herein. In some embodiments, the filter media 101 may include a porous protective film 106. [Examples]

[0125] Example 1: On-site "flow-through" thermal regeneration of filter media including catalytic filter bags with a mixture of NO, NO2, and NH3 gases containing low levels of SO2.

[0126] Four catalyst filter bags (65 mm in diameter, 1630 mm in length) were prepared from the catalyst composite material described below.

[0127] A catalyst composite article was formed in accordance with the International Publication No. WO2019 / 099025 by Eves et al. The filter media consisted of a catalyst composite article having a layered catalyst assembly comprising a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) + catalyst composite membrane having a first upstream side and a second downstream side, and one or more felt vats. Each felt vat was formed from fleece formed from PTFE staple fibers. The filter media were connected by a plurality of perforations formed by a needle punching process, a needling process, or both.

[0128] The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) + catalyst composite membrane of the filter material described above was prepared by forming a composite tape using a general dry blending method taught in U.S. Patent No. 7,791,861B2 by Zhong et al., and then uniaxially stretching it according to the teachings of U.S. Patent No. 3,953,556 by Gore. The resulting porous fibrillated stretched PTFE (ePTFE) composite membrane contained supported catalyst particles that were durablely entangled and immobilized with ePTFE nodes and a fibril matrix.

[0129] NO before ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposition x Reaction efficiency: The filter media, including the catalyst filter bag in the sample, was subjected to NO combustion using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" from simulated flue gas at 230°C. x The removal efficiency was tested. The simulated flue gas contained 200 ppm NO, 1.5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).x To determine the removal efficiency, the upstream concentrations of NO and NO2 (i.e., NO entering the chamber before being exposed to the filter media) are used. x (the concentration of NO) and the downstream concentration (i.e., the NO that leaves the chamber after being exposed to the filter media) x The concentration of NO was monitored using an MKS MULTI-GAS™ 2030D FTIR analyzer (MKS Instruments, Andover, MA). x The removal efficiency was calculated according to the following formula. Here, "NO x This indicates the total concentration of NO and NO2 in each stream.

[0130] In-situ deposition of ammonium bicarbonate (ABS): The filter media, including the catalyst filter bag in the sample, was contaminated in-situ at 230°C for 4 hours at a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM) with 400 ppm NO, 440 ppm NH3, 3000 ppm SO2, and 8% moisture using "Innovative Combustion Technologies".

[0131] NO after ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposition x Reaction efficiency: NO of catalytic filter bag after ABS deposition x The removal efficiency was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 230°C, as described above. The simulated flue gas contained 200 ppm NO, 1.5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0132] On-site "flow-through" thermal regeneration using NO, NO2, NH3, and SO2 mixtures: During on-site heat regeneration, the filter media used included four catalyst filter bags contaminated on-site as described above. These contained 7 ppm SO2, 200 ppm NO, 1 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% moisture, and N2, with a 1.0 NH3 / NO2 ratio. x The mixed gas, set to a specific ratio, was initially heated to 260°C, and then passed through a catalytic filter bag at a total flow rate of 22.0 SCFM at 260°C for 8 hours.

[0133] NO after thermal regeneration x Reaction efficiency: NO of the catalytic filter bag after thermal regeneration x As mentioned above, the removal efficiency was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 230°C. The simulated flue gas contained 200 ppm NO, 1.5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0134] result: Figure 2 shows (1) before ammonium bisulfate (ABS) deposition in the catalytic filter bag, (2) after ABS deposition, and (3) thermal regeneration (NH3 / NO3 at 260°C). x NO = 1.0 (after a 7 ppm SO2 mixture) x This shows the removal efficiency. Figure 2 shows NO before ABS deposition. x The removal efficiency is NO after ABS deposition. x This indicates a higher removal efficiency. Figure 2 shows NO after thermal regeneration. x The removal efficiency is NO after ABS deposition. x This shows that the removal efficiency is higher than expected. Figure 2 also shows NO before ABS deposition. x Removal efficiency is NO after thermal regeneration x This indicates a higher removal efficiency.

[0135] Example 2 (Comparative Example): On-site "flow-through" thermal regeneration of filter media, including catalytic filter bags, using a mixture of NO, NO2, NH3, and SO2 gases with higher SO2 concentrations.

[0136] For this comparative example, four catalyst filter bags (65 mm in diameter, 1630 mm in length) were prepared from the catalyst composite material article as described above in Example 1.

[0137] NO before ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposition x Reaction efficiency: The filter media, including the catalyst filter bag of the sample, was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 230°C. The simulated flue gas contained 200 ppm NO, 1.5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / min (SCFM). x To determine the removal efficiency, the upstream concentrations of NO and NO2 (i.e., NO entering the chamber before being exposed to the filter media) are used. x (the concentration of NO) and the downstream concentration (i.e., the NO that leaves the chamber after being exposed to the filter media) x The concentration of NO was monitored using an MKS MULTI-GAS™ 2030D FTIR analyzer (MKS Instruments, Andover, MA). x The removal efficiency was calculated according to the following formula. Here, "NO x This indicates the total concentration of NO and NO2 in each stream.

[0138] In-situ deposition of ammonium bicarbonate (ABS): The filter media, including the sample catalyst filter bag, was contaminated in-situ using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" at a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / min (SCFM) at 230°C for 4 hours with 400 ppm NO, 440 ppm NH3, 3000 ppm SO2, and 8% moisture.

[0139] NO after ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposition x Reaction efficiency: NO of catalytic filter bag after ABS deposition x The removal efficiency was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 230°C, as described above. The simulated flue gas contained 200 ppm NO, 1.5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0140] On-site "flow-through" thermal regeneration using a mixture of NO, NO2, NH3, and SO2 gases: During on-site heat regeneration, the filter media used included four catalyst filter bags contaminated on-site as described above. The filter contained 1.0 NH3 / NO2, with 200 ppm NO, 1 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 12 ppm SO2, 10% O2, 8% moisture, and N2. x The mixed gas, set to a specific ratio, was initially heated to 260°C, and then passed through the catalytic filter bag at a total flow rate of 22.0 SCFM at 260°C for 18 hours.

[0141] NO after thermal regeneration x Reaction efficiency: NO of the catalytic filter bag after thermal regeneration x As mentioned above, the removal efficiency was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 230°C. The simulated flue gas contained 200 ppm NO, 1.5 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0142] Results of the comparative example: Figure 3 shows (1) before ammonium bisulfate (ABS) deposition in the catalytic filter bag, (2) after ABS deposition, and (3) thermal regeneration (NH3 / NO3 at 260°C). x NO after (by a mixture of 1.0, 12 ppm SO2) x This shows the removal efficiency. Figure 3 shows NO before ABS deposition. xRemoval efficiency is NO after ABS deposition x This indicates a higher removal efficiency. Figure 3 shows NO after thermal regeneration. x Removal efficiency is NO after ABS deposition x This shows that the removal efficiency is not higher. Figure 3 also shows NO before ABS deposition. x Removal efficiency is NO after thermal regeneration x This indicates a higher removal efficiency.

[0143] Example 3: In-situ "flow-through" thermal regeneration of filter media including catalytic filter bags at 260°C using a mixture of NO, NO2, and NH3 gases.

[0144] Four catalyst filter bags (65 mm in diameter, 1630 mm in length) were prepared from the catalyst composite material article as described in Example 1.

[0145] NO before ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposition x Reaction efficiency: The filter media, including the catalyst filter bag in the sample, was used to generate NO from a simulated flue gas at 230°C using "Innovative Combustion Technologies". x The removal efficiency was tested. The simulated flue gas contained 400 ppm NO, 4 ppm NO2, 400 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% moisture, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM). x To determine the removal efficiency, the upstream concentrations of NO and NO2 (i.e., NO entering the chamber before being exposed to the filter media) are used. x (the concentration of NO) and the downstream concentration (i.e., the NO that leaves the chamber after being exposed to the filter media) x The concentration of NO was monitored using an MKS MULTI-GAS™ 2030D FTIR analyzer (MKS Instruments, Andover, MA). x The removal efficiency was calculated according to the following formula. Here, "NO x This indicates the total concentration of NO and NO2 in each stream.

[0146] In-situ deposition of ammonium bicarbonate (ABS): The filter media, including the catalyst filter bag in the sample, was contaminated in-situ with 400 ppm NO, 450 ppm NH3, 3000 ppm SO2, and 8% moisture using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" at a total flow rate of 23 standard cubic feet / min (SCFM) at 230°C for 4 hours.

[0147] NO after ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) deposition x Reaction efficiency: NO of catalytic filter bag after ABS deposition x The removal efficiency was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 230°C, as described above. The simulated flue gas contained 400 ppm NO, 5 ppm NO2, 450 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0148] On-site "flow-through" thermal regeneration using NO, NO2, and NH3 mixtures: During on-site heat regeneration, filter media including four on-site contaminated catalyst filter bags was used as described above. These contained <1 ppm SO2, as well as 400 ppm NO, 5 ppm NO2, 450 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and 1.1 NH3 / NO2. x The gas mixture, set to a specific ratio, was first heated to 260°C and then passed through a catalytic filter bag at 260°C for 2 hours with a total flow rate of 24 SCFM.

[0149] NO after thermal regeneration x Reaction efficiency: NO in the catalytic filter bag after 2 hours of thermal regeneration using NH3 xThe removal efficiency was tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" with simulated flue gas at 260°C, as described above. The simulated flue gas contained 400 ppm NO, 4 ppm NO2, 400 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 24 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0150] NO of the catalytic filter bag after thermal regeneration x The removal efficiency was later tested using "Innovative Combustion Technologies" from simulated flue gas at 230°C, as described above. The simulated flue gas contained 400 ppm NO, 2 ppm NO2, 400 ppm NH3, 10% O2, 8% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 23 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM).

[0151] result: Figure 4 shows (1) before ammonium bisulfate (ABS) deposition, (2) after ABS deposition, and (3) thermal regeneration (NH3 / NO3 at 260°C) in a catalytic filter bag. x =1.1, NO after (due to a mixture of SO2 with <1 ppm) x This shows the removal efficiency. Figure 4 shows NO before ABS deposition. x This shows that the removal efficiency is higher than the NOx removal efficiency after ABS deposition. Figure 4 shows NO after thermal regeneration. x Removal efficiency is NO after ABS deposition x This shows that the removal efficiency is higher than expected. Figure 4 also shows NO before ABS deposition. x Removal efficiency is NO after thermal regeneration x Although it has a higher removal efficiency, thermal regeneration NO x The removal efficiency value is NO before ABS deposition. x It can be seen that this value is very close to the removal efficiency value.

[0152] Example 4: In-situ "flow-through" thermal regeneration of filter media including catalytic filter bags at 245°C using a mixture of NO, NO2, and NH3 gases.

[0153] Four catalyst filter bags (65 mm in diameter, 1630 mm in length) were prepared from the catalyst composite material article as described in Example 1.

[0154] In-situ deposition of ammonium bicarbonate (ABS) The filter media, including the catalyst filter bag in the sample, was contaminated with 400 ppm NO, 440 ppm NH3, 3000 ppm SO2, and 8% moisture at 230°C for 4 hours at a total flow rate of 23.3 standard cubic feet / minute (SCFM) using "Innovative Combustion Technologies".

[0155] NO, NO2, and NH3 mixture used in-situ "flow-through" heat regeneration before NO x Reaction efficiency: The returned catalytic filter bag receives catalytic NO from the simulated flue gas. x The removal efficiency was tested. In short, a 30 mm diameter sample was placed in a sample holder located inside a 3210 series furnace (Applied Test Systems). The sample was exposed to a simulated flue gas with a balanced N2 content at 232°C. The simulated flue gas contained 244 ppm NO, 1 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 6% O2, and N2, with a total flow rate of 0.62 L / min. x To determine the removal efficiency, NO x The upstream and downstream concentrations (i.e., relative to the catalyst composite article) were monitored using an MKS MULTI-GAS™ 2030D FTIR analyzer (MKS Instruments, Andover, MA). x The removal efficiency was calculated according to the following formula. Here, "NO x This indicates the total concentration of NO and NO2 in each stream.

[0156] On-site "flow-through" thermal regeneration using NO, NO2, and NH3 mixtures: During on-site thermal regeneration, a 30 mm diameter sample was placed in a sample holder located inside a 3210 series furnace (Applied Test Systems). The sample was exposed to a simulated flue gas with a balanced N2 content at 245°C for 33 hours. The simulated flue gas contained 244 ppm NO, 1 ppm NO2, 60 ppm NH3, 6% O2, 5% water, and N2, with a total flow rate of 0.62 L / min.

[0157] NO after thermal regeneration x Reaction efficiency: NO after 33 hours of heat regeneration using NH3 x The removal efficiency was retested using flue gas simulated at 232°C as described above. The simulated flue gas contained 244 ppm NO, 1 ppm NO2, 200 ppm NH3, 6% O2 and N2, with a total flow rate of 0.62 L / min.

[0158] result: Figure 5 shows NO after (1) ABS deposition and (2) thermal regeneration (in the presence of NH3, at 245°C). x This shows the removal efficiency. The Y-axis in Figure 5 represents the NO range of 68.5% to 72.0%. x This shows the removal efficiency. Although not shown in Figure 5, NO before ABS deposition. x The removal efficiency is NO after ABS deposition. x It will be understood that this is higher than the removal efficiency. Figure 5 shows NO after thermal regeneration. x Removal efficiency is NO after ABS deposition x This indicates a higher removal efficiency.

[0159] Pattern:

[0160] Various embodiments are described below. Any or any part thereof of any of the following embodiments may be combined with any or any part thereof of any of the other embodiments. Embodiment 1: To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material is At least one catalyst material, and Ammonium bicarbonate (ABS), ammonium sulfate (AS), or any combination thereof, including, The flue gas flow is routed through or near at least one filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) NO including x The compound is present, and the flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow process. NO of at least one of the filter media x To increase removal efficiency, Here, the NO of at least one filter medium x Increasing removal efficiency is Adding ammonia (NH3) at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.5% of the concentration of the flue gas flow, and This includes raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature that exceeds the first temperature. A method comprising the regeneration of at least one filter medium. Embodiment 2: The method according to Embodiment 1, wherein the second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature. Embodiment 3: The method according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. Embodiment 4: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 230°C. Embodiment 5: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or a combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is at least 240°C. Embodiment 6: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is a maximum of 280°C. Embodiment 7: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 280°C. Embodiment 8: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. Embodiment 9: The flue gas flow further comprises at least one of oxygen (O2), water (H2O), nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3), one or more hydrocarbons, or any combination thereof, as described in any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof. Embodiment 10: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the flue gas flow is flowed across the cross-section of at least one filter medium such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of at least one filter medium. Embodiment 11: A method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10 or any combination thereof, wherein the flue gas flow does not flow across the cross-section of the at least one filter medium so that the flue gas flow does not pass through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium. Embodiment 12: The method according to Embodiment 10, wherein the flue gas flow is flowed perpendicular to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium. Embodiment 13: The method according to Embodiment 11, wherein the flue gas flow is flowed parallel to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium. Embodiment 14: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10, 12 or any combination thereof, wherein the at least one filter medium is arranged in at least one filter bag, the at least one filter bag is housed in at least one filter bag housing, and the at least one catalyst material is in the form of catalyst particles. Embodiment 15: The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, 13 or a combination thereof, wherein the at least one filter medium comprises a porous protective layer and a porous catalyst layer, and the porous catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst material. Embodiment 16: The method according to Embodiment 15, wherein the porous protective layer includes a microporous layer, and the microporous layer includes an stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. Embodiment 17: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the at least one catalyst material is bonded to the filter medium by at least one adhesive. Embodiment 18: The method according to Embodiment 17, wherein the at least one adhesive is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high molecular weight polypropylene (HMWPP), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride (THV), chlorofluoroethylene (CFE), or any combination thereof. Embodiment 19: The porous catalyst layer comprises at least one polymer substrate, as described in any one of Embodiments 15 to 18 or any combination thereof. Embodiment 20: The method according to Embodiment 19, wherein the at least one polymer substrate comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyparaxylylene, polylactic acid, polyimide, polyamide, polyaramid, polyphenylene sulfide, and glass fiber, or any combination thereof. Embodiment 21: The method according to Embodiment 15, wherein the porous catalyst layer is in the form of a layered assembly comprising a porous catalyst film and one or more felt bats, the one or more felt bats being arranged on at least one side of the porous catalyst film. Embodiment 22: The method according to Embodiment 21, wherein one or more felt bats include at least one or any combination thereof from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt, PTFE fleece, stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) felt, ePTFE fleece, woven fluoropolymer staple fibers, and nonwoven fluoropolymer staple fibers. Embodiment 23: The porous catalyst film comprises a stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane, as described in Embodiments 21 and 22, or any combination thereof. Embodiment 24: The method according to Embodiments 14, 22-23, or any combination thereof, wherein the catalyst particles are entangled within the porous catalyst layer. Embodiment 25: The porous catalyst layer comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polyparaxylylene (PPX), polylactic acid, polyimide, polyamide, polyaramid, polyphenylene sulfide, and glass fiber, or any combination thereof, as described in Embodiments 15 to 24 or any combination thereof. Embodiment 26: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the at least one catalyst material includes one of vanadium monoxide (VO), vanadium trioxide (V2O3), vanadium dioxide (VO2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), tungsten trioxide (WO3), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum trioxide (Al2O3), manganese oxide (MnO2), and zeolite. Embodiment 27: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the ABS deposit is placed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration ranging from 0.01% by mass to 99% by mass of at least one filter medium during the providing process. Embodiment 28: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the ABS deposit is placed on the catalyst material of at least one filter medium at a concentration in the range of 0.01% to 98% by mass of at least one filter medium after the lifting step. Embodiment 29: NO of at least one filter medium x The removal efficiency is at least 0.5% higher after the lifting process than during the supplying process, according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof. Embodiment 30: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein the at least one filter media is in the form of at least one of a filter bag, a honeycomb structure, a monolithic structure, or any combination thereof. Appearance 31: NO x A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments or any combination thereof, wherein increasing the removal efficiency includes removing at least a portion of ABS deposits, AS deposits, or any combination thereof from the at least one filter medium. Appearance 32: To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material includes at least one catalyst material. The flue gas flow is directed so as to traverse the cross-section of the at least one filter medium, such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from the upstream side to the downstream side of the filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NO including x compound, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and, Ammonia (NH3), This includes, where the flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow process, and The constant NO of at least one of the filter media x Maintaining removal efficiency, Here, a constant NO of at least one filter medium x Maintaining removal efficiency includes raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature. A method comprising cleaning a flue gas flow. Embodiment 33: At least during the flow process, SO2, NH3 and NO x The compound is present at a concentration of at least 1 mg / m³ based on the total volume of the flue gas flow. 3 The method according to embodiment 32, which exists in an amount. Embodiment 34: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32, 33, or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature. Embodiment 35: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 34 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. Embodiment 36: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 35 or any combination thereof, wherein the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 230°C. Embodiment 37: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 36 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is at least 240°C. Embodiment 38: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 37 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is a maximum of 280°C. Embodiment 39: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 38 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 280°C. Embodiment 40: The method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 39 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. Embodiment 41: A method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 40 or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 1000 ppm during the maintenance process. Embodiment 42: A method according to any one of Embodiments 32 to 41 or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 10 ppm during the maintenance process. Appearance 43: To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material includes at least one catalyst material. The flue gas flow is directed near the cross-section of the at least one filter medium such that the flue gas flow flows parallel to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from the upstream side of the filter medium to the downstream side of the filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NO including x compound, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and, Ammonia (NH3), comprising, wherein the flue gas stream is at a first temperature during the flow step, constant NO of at least one filter medium x maintaining the removal efficiency, constant NO of said at least one filter medium x maintaining the removal efficiency comprises increasing the temperature of the flue gas stream from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, A method comprising, which method is for cleaning a flue gas stream. Aspect 44.: SO₂, NH₃ and NO x compounds are present in an amount of at least 1 mg / m 3 based on the total volume of the flue gas stream, the method according to aspect 43. Aspect 45.: The at least one filter medium is in the form of at least one of a honeycomb structure, a monolith structure, or any combination thereof, the method according to any one of aspects 43 or 44. Aspect 46.: The second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature, the method according to any one of aspects 43 to 45 or a combination of any thereof. Aspect 47.: The second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature, the method according to any one of aspects 43 to 46 or a combination of any thereof. Aspect 48.: The first temperature ranges from 180°C to 230°C, the method according to any one of aspects 43 to 47 or a combination of any thereof. Aspect 49.: The second temperature is at least 240°C, the method according to any one of aspects 43 to 48 or any combination thereof. Aspect 50.: The second temperature is at most 280°C, the method according to any one of aspects 43 to 49 or a combination of any thereof. Aspect 51.: The second temperature ranges from 240°C to 280°C, the method according to any one of aspects 43 to 50 or any combination thereof. Embodiment 52: The method according to any one of Embodiments 43 to 51 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. Embodiment 53: A method according to any one of Embodiments 43 to 52, or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas flow does not exceed 1000 ppm during the maintenance process. Embodiment 54: A method according to any one of Embodiments 43 to 52 or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 10 ppm during the maintenance process. Appearance 55: NO x Removal efficiency initial NO x A method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 54 or any combination thereof, comprising intermittently raising the first temperature of the flue gas flow to the second temperature so as to maintain an amount of at least 70% of the efficiency. Embodiment 56: The method according to Embodiment 55, wherein intermittent raising includes raising the first temperature to the second temperature every 1 hour to 40,000 hours. Embodiment 57: The method described in any one of Embodiments 55 or 56, or any combination thereof, wherein the intermittent increase occurs at regular time intervals. Embodiment 58: The method described in any one of Embodiments 55, 56, or any combination thereof, wherein the intermittent increase occurs at variable time intervals. Embodiment 59: The method according to Embodiment 58, wherein the variable time interval is a random time interval. Appearance 60: NO x Removal efficiency initial NO x A method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 59 or any combination thereof, wherein the first temperature of the flue gas flow is continuously raised to the second temperature in order to maintain an amount of at least 70% of the efficiency. Appearance 61: To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material includes at least one catalyst material. The flue gas flow is directed so as to traverse the cross-section of the at least one filter medium, such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from the upstream side to the downstream side of the filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NO including x compound, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and, Ammonia (NH3), Includes, Here, the flue gas flow has a first temperature during the flow process. By raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, the NO of at least one filter material is increased. x Removal efficiency initial NO x Maintain at least 70% of the efficiency level. A method comprising cleaning a flue gas flow. Embodiment 62: NO of at least one filter medium x Removal efficiency is initial NO x The method according to embodiment 61, wherein the efficiency is maintained in the range of 70% to 99%. Embodiment 63: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 or 62, wherein the second temperature is at least 10°C higher than the first temperature. Embodiment 64: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 63 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature. Embodiment 65: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 64 or any combination thereof, wherein the first temperature is in the range of 180°C to 230°C. Embodiment 66: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 65 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is at least 240°C. Embodiment 67: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 66 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is a maximum of 280°C. Embodiment 68: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 67 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 280°C. Embodiment 69: The method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 68 or any combination thereof, wherein the second temperature is in the range of 240°C to 260°C. Embodiment 70: A method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 69 or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 1000 ppm during the maintenance process. Embodiment 71: A method according to any one of Embodiments 61 to 70 or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream does not exceed 10 ppm during the maintenance process. Embodiment 72: The concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is determined by the NO content of at least one filter medium. x A method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 31, or any combination thereof, wherein the concentration does not exceed 1000 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency. Embodiment 73: The concentration of SO2 in the flue gas stream is determined by the NO content of at least one filter medium. x A method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 31, 72, or any combination thereof, wherein the amount does not exceed 10 ppm during the process of increasing the removal efficiency.

[0161] Variations, modifications, and alterations of the embodiments of the present disclosure described above will be obvious to those skilled in the art. All such variations, modifications, and alterations are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, limited only by the appended claims.

[0162] While several embodiments of this disclosure have been described, it should be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and not limiting, and that many modifications may become apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, all dimensions discussed herein are provided as examples only, for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit.

[0163] Features or elements clearly identified herein may be explicitly excluded as features or elements of embodiments of the present invention as defined in the claims.

[0164] The disclosures described herein can be implemented without one or more elements or limitations not specifically disclosed herein. Therefore, for example, in each example herein, any of the terms “including,” “essentially consisting of,” and “consisting of” can be replaced with any of the other two terms. It should be noted that the terms and expressions used are for illustrative purposes only, not limitation, and in the use of such terms and expressions, there is no intention to exclude equivalent forms of the features or parts thereof shown and described, and various modifications are possible within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material is At least one catalyst material, and Ammonium bicarbonate (ABS), ammonium sulfate (AS), or any combination thereof, including, The flue gas flow is directed through or near the at least one filter material. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and Nitrogen dioxide (NO ２ ) NO including ｘ Compounds, and, Sulfur dioxide (SO ２ ) The flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow process, NO of at least one of the filter media ｘ To increase removal efficiency, Here, the NO of at least one filter material ｘ Increasing removal efficiency is Ammonia (NH₄) is added at a concentration in the range of 0.0001% to 0.5% of the concentration of the flue gas flow. ３ ) to be added, and, This includes raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature that exceeds the first temperature. A method comprising: the first temperature being in the range of 180°C to 230°C; the temperature of the flue gas flow being raised from the first temperature to the second temperature and maintained at the second temperature for 0.25 hours to 12 hours; and the NO of at least one filter medium ｘ During the process of increasing the removal efficiency, SO4 in the flue gas stream ２ The concentration does not exceed 12 ppm, and the method is a method for regenerating at least one of the filter media.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second temperature is 10°C to 100°C higher than the first temperature.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second temperature is in the range of at least 240°C to 280°C.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas flow is flowed across the cross-section of the at least one filter medium so that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas flow does not flow across the cross-section of the at least one filter medium so that the flue gas flow does not pass through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas flow is flowed perpendicular to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas flow is flowed parallel to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one filter medium is arranged in at least one filter bag, the at least one filter bag is housed in at least one filter bag housing, and the at least one catalyst material is in the form of catalyst particles.

9. The flue gas stream further comprises oxygen (O ２ ), water (H ２ O), nitrogen (N ２ ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO ２ ), sulfur trioxide (SO ３ ), at least one of one or more hydrocarbons, or any combination thereof. The method according to claim 1.

10. NO ｘ Removal efficiency initial NO ｘ The method according to claim 1, wherein the first temperature of the flue gas flow is raised to the second temperature so as to maintain an amount of at least 70% of the efficiency.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one filter medium comprises a porous protective layer and a porous catalyst layer, and the porous catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst material.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the porous protective layer includes a microporous layer, and the microporous layer includes an stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane.

13. The at least one catalyst material is vanadium monoxide (VO), vanadium trioxide (V ２ O ３ ), vanadium dioxide (VO ２ ), vanadium pentoxide (V ２ O ５ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ３ ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO ３ ), titanium dioxide (TiO ２ ), silicon dioxide (SiO ２ ), aluminum trioxide (Al ２ O ３ ), manganese oxide (MnO ２ The method according to claim 11, comprising at least one of ), zeolite or any combination thereof.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the at least one catalyst material is bonded to the filter medium by at least one adhesive.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one adhesive is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high molecular weight polypropylene (HMWPP), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride (THV), chlorofluoroethylene (CFE), or any combination thereof.

16. To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material includes at least one catalyst material. The flue gas flow is directed so as to traverse the cross-section of the at least one filter medium, such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from the upstream side to the downstream side of the filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and Nitrogen dioxide (NO ２ ), NO including ｘ compound, Sulfur dioxide (SO ２ ), and, Ammonia (NH ３ ), Includes, Here, the flue gas flow is at a first temperature during the flow process, and The constant NO of at least one of the filter media ｘ Maintaining removal efficiency, Here, a constant NO of at least one filter medium ｘ Maintaining removal efficiency includes raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature. A method comprising: the first temperature being in the range of 180°C to 230°C; the temperature of the flue gas flow being raised from the first temperature to the second temperature and maintained at the second temperature for 0.25 hours to 12 hours; and the NO of at least one filter medium ｘ During the process of maintaining removal efficiency, SO4 in the flue gas stream ２ The concentration does not exceed 12 ppm, and the method is a method for cleaning the flue gas flow.

17. At least during the flow process, the SO ２ NH ３ and NO ｘ The compound is concentrated at a concentration of 1 mg / m³ based on the total volume of the flue gas flow. ３ The method according to claim 16, which exists in the amount of [amount].

18. To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material includes at least one catalyst material. The flue gas flow is directed near the cross-section of the at least one filter medium such that the flue gas flow flows parallel to the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from the upstream side to the downstream side of the filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and Nitrogen dioxide (NO ２ ), NO including ｘ compound, Sulfur dioxide (SO ２ ), and, Ammonia (NH ３ ), Includes, Here, the flue gas flow has a first temperature during the flow process. The constant NO of at least one of the filter media ｘ Maintaining removal efficiency, Here, a constant NO of at least one filter medium ｘ Maintaining removal efficiency includes raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature. A method comprising: the first temperature being in the range of 180°C to 230°C; the temperature of the flue gas flow being raised from the first temperature to the second temperature and maintained at the second temperature for 0.25 hours to 12 hours; and the NO of at least one filter medium ｘ During the process of maintaining removal efficiency, SO4 in the flue gas stream ２ The concentration does not exceed 12 ppm, and the method is a method for cleaning the flue gas flow.

19. To provide at least one filter medium, Here, the at least one filter material includes at least one catalyst material. The flue gas flow is directed so as to traverse the cross-section of the at least one filter medium, such that the flue gas flow passes through the cross-section of the at least one filter medium from the upstream side to the downstream side of the filter medium. Here, the flue gas flow is Nitric oxide (NO), and Nitrogen dioxide (NO ２ ), NO including ｘ compound, Sulfur dioxide (SO ２ ), and, Ammonia (NH ３ ), Includes, Here, the flue gas flow has a first temperature during the flow process. By raising the temperature of the flue gas flow from the first temperature to a second temperature exceeding the first temperature, the NO of at least one filter material is reduced. ｘ Removal efficiency initial NO ｘ Maintain at least 70% of the efficiency level. A method comprising: the first temperature being in the range of 180°C to 230°C; the temperature of the flue gas flow being raised from the first temperature to the second temperature and maintained at the second temperature for 0.25 hours to 12 hours; and the NO of at least one filter medium ｘ During the process of maintaining removal efficiency, SO4 in the flue gas stream ２ The concentration does not exceed 12 ppm, and the method is a method for cleaning the flue gas flow.

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