Chest compression training support system, chest compression evaluation method, and chest compression evaluation program

Abstract

This system can be easily retrofitted to existing, general-purpose training mannequins that lack measurement capabilities, and it directly measures accurate depth data without requiring complex integral calculations, providing a comprehensive, multifaceted, and quantitative evaluation of chest compression quality for each individual movement. [Solution] The chest compression training support system is attached externally to a mannequin and includes an acquisition means that mechanically measures vertical displacement as rotational amount using a rack, pinion, and increment encoder to output depth data, an information processing device, and a mobile terminal. The evaluation means of the information processing device removes outliers from the depth data and smooths it, extracts beats using the most recent moving average as a dynamic threshold, calculates a multifaceted waveform characteristic index for each beat and scores it quantitatively, and presents a results screen including a two-dimensional code image. The mobile terminal stores data in a completely local environment and provides history graph management, quiz learning, a two-choice flow guidance procedure for emergencies, and an automatic playback function of a 110 bpm electronic metronome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technology for supporting chest compression training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

[0002] More specifically, the present invention relates to a chest compression training support system, a chest compression evaluation method, and a chest compression evaluation program that acquire the depth of chest compressions applied to a trainee over time and evaluate the quality of chest compressions in a multifaceted and quantitative manner based on time-series waveforms of the depth. Background Art

[0003] To improve the survival rate and the rate of return to social life of injured or ill persons who have suffered cardiac arrest, it is extremely important that bystanders who are present at the scene before the arrival of an ambulance team perform rapid and appropriate chest compressions as ordinary citizens.

[0004] In chest compression training, it is required to objectively and real-time grasp whether the chest compression movement performed by a trainee is appropriately performed in compliance with guidelines, and for trainees to physically memorize the feeling of appropriate movement and continuously master it even after the training course.

[0005] As prior art that supports such chest compression training, Patent Document 1 discloses a display system suitable for a practice device for learning a pressing method using a dummy.

[0006] The display system described in Patent Document 1 includes a human or animal dummy in which a portion pressed by an operator is formed of an elastic member, a display device, and a control unit that controls a display screen of the display device, and the dummy is provided with a pressure sensor that detects pressing on the dummy by the operator.

[0007] The display system described in Patent Document 1 displays at least one of the timing and pressure that the operator should apply to the simulated body on a display device, and when the pressure sensor detects that the simulated body has been pressed, it displays information corresponding to the displayed timing and pressure.

[0008] Furthermore, the display system described in Patent Document 1 evaluates the difference between the pressing force detected by the pressure sensor and the correct pressing force, the difference between the pressing timing and the correct pressing timing, and the difference between the pressing position and the correct pressing position. It displays these evaluation results on a display device using scores, figures, codes, or symbols, and also provides advice on how to resolve each difference.

[0009] Furthermore, as another prior art related to chest compressions, Patent Document 2 discloses a blood pressure estimation device and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation support device for performing appropriate chest compressions and ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

[0010] The blood pressure estimation device described in Patent Document 2 comprises a chest compression data acquisition unit that acquires the number of chest compressions, the depth of chest compressions, the return of chest compressions, and the duration of chest compressions for a patient in cardiac arrest, and a blood pressure estimation unit that estimates the blood pressure of the patient based on the chest compression data.

[0011] The cardiopulmonary resuscitation support device described in Patent Document 2 further includes a notification unit that, based on the estimated blood pressure and a predetermined blood pressure threshold appropriate for increasing blood oxygen saturation, notifies whether the estimated blood pressure is at an appropriate level for increasing blood oxygen saturation through ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

[0012] In the invention described in Patent Document 2, the depth of chest compressions and the return of chest compressions are measured by estimating the position and velocity using sensors such as acceleration sensors, pressure sensors, force sensors, or distance sensors, or images captured by a camera. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0013] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-26156 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2026-37004 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0014] However, the display system described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems.

[0015] Firstly, the display system described in Patent Document 1 is based on the premise that a pressure sensor for detecting pressure applied by the operator is embedded and built into the simulated body itself.

[0016] Therefore, the display system described in Patent Document 1 requires the introduction of a new, expensive, dedicated dummy body with a built-in pressure sensor, resulting in extremely high implementation costs.

[0017] As a result, there is a challenge in that existing general training mannequins, which lack measurement capabilities and are already held in large quantities by outreach organizations and schools, cannot be effectively utilized as they are.

[0018] Secondly, the display system described in Patent Document 1 primarily evaluates the pressing force detected by the pressure sensor, the timing of the pressing, and the position of the pressing using threshold determination or the like.

[0019] However, in actual chest compression techniques, what influences the effectiveness of saving lives is not the force applied, but the amount of displacement the chest wall is actually compressed.

[0020] Therefore, the display system described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that it cannot quantitatively evaluate, in real time for each operation, multifaceted indicators based on depth waveforms that affect the quality of chest compressions, namely the completeness of recoil which is the complete restoration of the chest wall after compression, velocity characteristics during compression and restoration, the degree of matching with an ideal waveform shape, and the time ratio during which compression can be effectively continued, and feed back the evaluation to the trainee.

[0021] Thirdly, the display system described in Patent Document 1 evaluates the absolute difference between the compression timing performed by the operator and the correct compression timing (deviation from the reference beat in the system).

[0022] However, in actual chest compressions, only a consistent correct time interval (relative rhythm) should be emphasized, and there are individual differences in how trainees perceive rhythm.

[0023] Therefore, the display system described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that it unnecessarily corrects the trainee's unique rhythm setting method, and cannot effectively make the trainee acquire the sense of correct time interval that should be spontaneously reproduced in an emergency or panic state.

[0024] In addition, the blood pressure estimation device and cardiopulmonary resuscitation support device described in Patent Document 2 have the following problems.

[0025] First, the device described in Patent Document 2 measures the depth of chest compression and the return of chest compression by estimating the position and velocity using a sensor such as an acceleration sensor or an image captured by a camera.

[0026] Therefore, the device described in Patent Document 2 requires extremely complicated signal processing such as angle correction for acceleration signals and double integration calculation, is prone to numerical drift and fluctuation due to accumulated error, and it is extremely difficult to adjust calibration according to the initial play.

[0027] Alternatively, it is necessary to separately interpose a commercially available fragmented chest compression data detection device between the rescuer's hand and the injured or sick person, and there is room for improvement in terms of directly acquiring accurate depth data with a simple configuration.

[0028] Secondly, the device described in Patent Document 2 is specialized as a medical system that uses acquired sternal compression data for estimating the aortic blood pressure of an injured or sick person and notifying the optimal ventilation timing at an actual lifesaving site.

[0029] Therefore, the device described in Patent Document 2 does not specifically disclose mechanisms suitable for supporting continuous training, such as a rhythm game-style training environment for ordinary citizens and trainees to happily learn sternal compression techniques during normal times, detailed beat-by-beat scoring, visual and auditory game effect feedback, and autonomous history storage management of training results.

[0030] The present invention has been made focusing on the above points, and aims to solve the plurality of problems described above in the prior arts described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.

[0031] That is, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sternal compression training support system, a sternal compression evaluation method, and a sternal compression evaluation program that can be extremely easily applied externally to existing general training mannequins and the like that do not have a measurement function, directly measure accurate sternal compression depth in real time by a mechanical structure without requiring complicated integral calculation or signal processing, comprehensively evaluate the quality of sternal compression in a multifaceted and quantitative manner on a beat-by-beat basis, and dramatically enhance the trainee's willingness to learn and motivation for continuous learning through high game properties and linkage with a mobile terminal. [Means for Solving the Problems]

[0032] The chest compression training support system according to the present invention comprises: an acquisition means for acquiring the depth of chest compressions applied to a training subject over time and outputting depth data representing the said depth; an evaluation means for evaluating the quality of chest compressions based on the depth data; and a presentation means for presenting the results of the evaluation by the evaluation means.

[0033] The evaluation means smooths the depth data, detects a beat corresponding to a compression action from the time series of the smoothed depth data, and evaluates the quality of chest compressions for each detected beat based on a plurality of indicators including the compression depth, which is the maximum value of the depth in that beat, and the recoil depth, which is the minimum value of the depth in that beat.

[0034] In one of the main configurations, the acquisition means includes a rack and pinion that converts the vertical motion of compression applied to the training target into rotational motion, an increment encoder that detects the amount of rotation of the pinion, and a calculation unit that converts the amount of rotation into depth and outputs the depth data.

[0035] As a result, the acquisition means can directly and physically measure the displacement of compression as a rotational amount without requiring complex signal processing such as double integration or prior intensity correlation data, and can calculate the actual compression depth with high accuracy and stability.

[0036] In other forms, the evaluation means performs outlier removal using the Hampel method and smoothing using a moving average on the depth data, sets the moving average of the depth data over the most recent predetermined period as a threshold, and detects the intervals demarcated at points where the depth data exceeds the threshold in the downward direction as the beats.

[0037] In other words, the means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.

[0038] Firstly, An acquisition means for acquiring the depth of chest compressions on a training subject over time and outputting depth data representing that depth, An evaluation means for evaluating the quality of chest compressions based on the depth data, The system includes a presentation means for presenting the results of the evaluation performed by the evaluation means, The acquisition means comprises a rack and pinion that converts the vertical motion of compression applied to the training target into rotational motion, an increment encoder that mechanically detects the amount of rotation of the pinion, and a microcomputer that outputs the depth data calculated from the amount of rotation via serial communication, and is configured as an external measuring device that is detachably attached to the outside of the training target. The evaluation means smooths the received depth data, detects beats corresponding to a single compression action using the moving average value of the smoothed depth data over the most recent predetermined period as a threshold, calculates a plurality of waveform characteristic indices for each detected beat, including the compression depth which is the maximum value of the depth in that beat and the recoil depth which is the minimum value of the depth in that beat, and quantitatively scores the quality of chest compressions based on the calculated plurality of waveform characteristic indices, thereby providing a chest compression training support system.

[0039] Secondly, The acquisition means further comprises a clamping frame that holds the training object, and a height adjustment mechanism that adjusts the height of the clamping frame to match the thickness of the training object, and is attached externally to a training doll, cushion, or container that does not have a measuring function. The chest compression training support system according to the first description, wherein the evaluation means performs outlier removal and smoothing using a moving average on the depth data, and excludes pressurization actions in which the maximum displacement is less than a predetermined value from the detection of the beat.

[0040] Thirdly, The evaluation means calculates at least one of the following as multiple waveform characteristic indices: compression depth and recoil depth, compression speed based on the time required for displacement during compression, recoil speed based on the time required for displacement during recovery, interval which is the elapsed time from the previous beat, ideal waveform agreement degree which is the agreement ratio based on the area with a predetermined ideal waveform, duty cycle ratio which is the ratio of the time above the threshold to the time below the threshold, and chest compression time ratio which is the proportion of the time during which effective chest compressions were performed to the total elapsed time, and evaluates only the interval with respect to the tempo of chest compressions without evaluating the absolute timing difference between the reference beat and the input. The presentation means presents the results of the evaluation for each beat in real time using at least one of the following: an interval meter representing the average value of the interval, a depth meter representing the smoothed depth, text or audio comments representing the evaluation and areas for improvement, and a combo representing the number of consecutive successful judgments. At the end of training, it displays the scores for compression, recoil, tempo, and waveform, an overall score combining these, a summary in text form based on the evaluation, and a code image obtained by converting a string representing the evaluation results. The chest compression training support system according to the first description, further comprising a portable terminal that reads the code image, obtains the results of the evaluation, displays the evaluation results in a graph, provides learning about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and guides the user by presenting step-by-step response procedures in response to a binary choice in an emergency.

[0041] Fourthly, A smoothing step is performed to smooth the depth data obtained by acquiring the depth of chest compressions on the training subject over time, A beat detection step in which beats corresponding to a single compression action are separated and detected using the moving average value of the smoothed depth data over the most recent predetermined period as a threshold, An index calculation step for calculating a plurality of waveform characteristic indices for each detected beat, including a compression depth which is the maximum value of the depth in that beat, and a recoil depth which is the minimum value of the depth in that beat. An evaluation step of quantitatively scoring the quality of chest compressions based on the calculated multiple waveform characteristic indices, A chest compression evaluation method characterized by comprising a presentation step of presenting the results of the evaluation performed in the aforementioned evaluation step.

[0042] Fifth, In the smoothing step, outlier removal using the Hampel method and smoothing using a moving average are performed on the depth data. In the index calculation step, as the plurality of waveform characteristic indices, at least one of the following is calculated: compression depth and recoil depth, compression speed based on the time required for displacement during compression, recoil speed based on the time required for displacement during recovery, interval which is the elapsed time from the anterior beat, ideal waveform agreement degree which is the agreement ratio based on the area with a predetermined ideal waveform, duty cycle ratio which is the ratio of the time above the threshold to the time below the threshold, and chest compression time ratio which is the proportion of the time during which effective chest compressions were performed to the total elapsed time. The fourth method for evaluating chest compressions, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, with respect to the tempo of chest compressions, only the interval is evaluated without evaluating the absolute timing difference between the reference beat and the input.

[0043] Sixth, At the end of the training, an overall evaluation step is performed to aggregate the multiple waveform characteristic indices calculated for each beat to calculate individual scores for compression, recoil, tempo, and waveform, as well as an overall score that integrates these scores. The method further includes a generation step of converting a string representing the evaluation result, including the aforementioned overall score, to generate a code image, The chest compression evaluation method according to the fourth, characterized in that, in the presentation step, the overall score, the overall summary which is a text based on the evaluation, and the code image are displayed on the results screen.

[0044] Seventh, A chest compression evaluation program for causing a computer to perform each step of the chest compression evaluation method described in item IV above.

[0045] Eighth, The seventh chest compression evaluation program, characterized in that, at the end of training, the computer further performs an overall evaluation step of aggregating the plurality of waveform characteristic indices calculated for each beat to calculate scores for compression, recoil, tempo, and waveform, and an overall score that integrates these; and a generation step of converting a string representing the evaluation result, including the overall score, to generate a code image. [Effects of the Invention]

[0046] The present invention can achieve the following effects.

[0047] In this invention, the acquisition means acquires the depth of chest compressions over time, and the evaluation means evaluates the quality of chest compressions in detail using multiple multifaceted indicators, including compression depth and recoil depth, for each beat extracted by a dynamic moving average threshold.

[0048] Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to quantitatively evaluate, for each individual movement, multifaceted indicators based on the characteristics of the depth waveform itself, which were impossible to evaluate with Patent Document 1, which only evaluates pressing force, pressing timing, and pressing position in a binary manner, particularly the completeness of recoil, which indicates the chest wall's restorative ability essential for securing blood flow.

[0049] Furthermore, the present invention fundamentally differs from Patent Document 2, which is intended for medical settings and uses chest compression data solely for estimating the aortic blood pressure of injured or ill patients. It allows trainees to easily understand the appropriateness and areas for improvement of specific techniques for each beat in a rhythm game-like manner, thus providing an evaluation that is extremely suitable for supporting the improvement of chest compression skills during normal times.

[0050] Furthermore, if the acquisition means directly measures the displacement of compression as a rotational amount using a rack and pinion and an increment encoder, it differs from both the configuration of Patent Document 1, in which a pressure sensor is pre-built into the simulated body, and the configuration of Patent Document 2, in which the output of an acceleration sensor is double-integrated or the position and velocity are indirectly estimated using a camera image, and directly measures the physical displacement of compression using a mechanical structure.

[0051] Therefore, this configuration allows for the calculation of the actual compression depth with high accuracy and in real time, without requiring any complex signal processing such as double integration.

[0052] Furthermore, since the acquisition means can be easily attached externally as an acquisition module to existing inexpensive training mannequins that lack measurement functions, there is absolutely no need to purchase expensive dedicated mannequins, resulting in a remarkable effect of dramatically reducing the cost of introducing the entire system by effectively utilizing existing training assets.

[0053] Furthermore, presenting evaluation results in real time as an engaging rhythm game using visual and auditory cues, or linking with mobile devices to support the accumulation of result history and continuous learning in a completely local environment via QR codes, and providing two-choice guidance procedures simulating actual life-saving situations, has significant social benefits, as it dramatically increases trainees' motivation to learn and enables them to continuously acquire and reproduce the sense of appropriate surgical techniques over a long period of time. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0054] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram showing the overall functional blocks and system configuration of the chest compression training support system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is an explanatory diagram showing the specific mechanical structure and external frame mechanism of the acquisition means according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 3]This is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the smoothed chest compression depth data waveform according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the dynamic moving average threshold, the beat division, and various multifaceted waveform characteristic indices that are calculated. [Figure 4] This flowchart shows an example of data analysis and scoring judgment processing logic executed by the information processing device, which serves as the main software unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is an explanatory diagram showing the layout configuration of a rhythm game type play screen with real-time feedback, which is displayed on a display device by the presentation means according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is an explanatory diagram showing the layout of a detailed scoring results screen displayed on a display device by the presentation means according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and an example of linkage to a mobile application unit as a portable terminal via a code image. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0055] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

[0056] In the attached drawings, identical components are denoted by the same reference numeral, and redundant explanations have been omitted.

[0057] The description herein represents only one embodiment of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. [Examples]

[0058] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the chest compression training support system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0059] As shown in Figure 1, the chest compression training support system 1 includes an acquisition means 10 that directly acquires over time the physical depth (displacement) of chest compressions on an existing general training mannequin 2 that does not have a measurement function and is the training target; an information processing device 20 that highly evaluates the quality of chest compressions from multiple perspectives based on the acquired depth; and a portable terminal 30 that acquires, displays, and stores the results output from the information processing device 20 in a fully local communication environment.

[0060] In this embodiment, the acquisition means 10 is a hardware unit that serves as an external measuring device detachably attached to the training mannequin 2 from the outside; the information processing device 20 functions as a main software unit that runs on a general-purpose computer such as a notebook computer; and the mobile terminal 30 functions as a mobile application unit that runs on a smartphone or the like.

[0061] Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the specific mechanical structure of the acquisition means 10 configured as an external measuring device.

[0062] As shown in Figure 2, the acquisition means 10 integrates, within a robust case, a pressing part 11 on which the trainee's hands are placed and on which chest compressions are directly applied by the user, a rack 12 which is a gear rail that slides linearly up and down in conjunction with the vertical up and down movement of the pressing part 11, a pinion 13 which directly converts the up and down movement into smooth rotational movement by always precisely meshing with the tooth surface of the rack 12, an increment encoder 14 which is directly connected to the rotation axis of the pinion 13 and mechanically and precisely detects the amount of rotation as a pulse signal, and a microcomputer 15 which internally processes the detected pulse signal.

[0063] Furthermore, the acquisition means 10 further includes a clamping frame 16, which has a roughly U-shape, for firmly gripping and positioning the sides of the training mannequin 2 from above and below, and a height adjustment mechanism 17, which is a guide mechanism that allows the upper and lower holding width of the clamping frame 16 to be adjusted in multiple stages to match the thickness (height) of the training mannequin 2 and then clamped and fixed with screws or the like.

[0064] As a result, the acquisition means 10 can be easily attached to and detached from various external training targets, including multiple types of training mannequins with different shapes or dimensions that are available on the market, as well as general-purpose cushions with chest cavity characteristics similar to those of the human body, or containers such as 2-liter PET bottles filled with water or air for simple training.

[0065] The microcomputer 15 instantly converts the number of rotational pulses detected by the increment encoder 14 based on the known diameter of the pinion 13 into depth, which is a physical direct displacement, and outputs depth data consisting of a string representing the depth to the information processing device 20 at an extremely high frequency every frame via serial communication means 18 such as a wired USB cable.

[0066] Thus, the acquisition means 10 directly measures the displacement of chest compressions as a rotational amount in real time using a mechanical structure consisting of a rack and pinion and an encoder. This eliminates the need for complex signal processing or integration errors, such as correcting the output of the acceleration sensor and performing double integration with complex logic. It also eliminates the effects of compression play, allowing for the accurate and stable calculation of the compression depth with high precision at all times.

[0067] In other words, the acquisition means 10 of this embodiment can measure compression depth with extreme accuracy by being attached externally to an inexpensive existing training mannequin 2 or the like, which does not have a measurement function, without requiring a dedicated, expensive dummy body or complex integral signal processing.

[0068] As shown in Figure 1, the information processing device 20 includes a receiving unit 21 that receives depth data transmitted from an acquisition unit 10 as an external measuring device via a serial communication unit 18, an evaluation unit 22 that analyzes and evaluates the quality of chest compressions in detail based on the received depth data, a presentation unit 23 that displays the progress of the evaluation and the scoring results on the screen in a rhythm game-like graphic, and an audio output unit 24 that outputs audio in response to the evaluation and improvement instructions at an effective timing.

[0069] The information processing device 20, as the main software unit, sequentially transitions between multiple states, including standby, selection of play mode, chest compression practice, and display of results, in response to user keyboard input, etc.

[0070] In the standby state, the information processing device 20 randomly displays the system name and articles on cardiopulmonary resuscitation tips and emergency flow charts on the screen while waiting for user input, and executes the program processing in the standby state completely separately from the processing in other states such as practice processing.

[0071] This significantly reduces unnecessary power consumption during system standby and heat generation from the microcontroller and PC, thereby improving stability.

[0072] The information processing device 20, in the state of selecting a play mode, displays on the screen multiple play modes (such as a 30-second rhythm game, scenario mode, pro mode, team rotation mode, etc.) that allow the user to customize their personal practice plan and game experience.

[0073] The information processing device 20, during a chest compression practice session, allows multiple trainees to take over a series of exercises in response to the input of a pre-assigned specific handover key (the key pressed by the person who wants to take over). It also provides a visual effect by displaying a countdown timer on the screen to ensure a smooth handover.

[0074] Next, with reference to Figures 3 and 4, the specific data analysis and quality evaluation procedures performed by the evaluation means 22 will be described in detail.

[0075] When the chest compression practice state is started in the information processing device 20, the evaluation means 22 first receives depth data for each frame via the receiving unit 21, as shown in Figure 4 (step S1), and as the first stage of preprocessing, applies the Hampel method algorithm in real time to calculate the absolute deviation from the local median, thereby instantly determining and completely removing sudden electrical noise and abnormal values ​​originating from the measurement system as outliers (step S2).

[0076] Next, the data from which outliers have been removed is smoothed out into highly accurate compressed waveform data by applying a moving average process for a predetermined number of frames, thereby smoothing out minute vibration components (Step S3).

[0077] Next, the moving average value of the smoothed time-series depth data over the most recent predetermined period (e.g., the most recent n seconds) is constantly calculated and set as a dynamic "threshold" (step S4).

[0078] Then, it is determined whether the current smoothed depth data is above the calculated dynamic threshold in the downward direction (towards deeper) (the moment it crosses the threshold) (step S5).

[0079] If it is determined that step S5 is not the point where the dynamic threshold was exceeded (the moment of crossover) (No in step S5), then it is determined that the current pressurizing operation is continuing and the process returns to the next frame (step S1).

[0080] On the other hand, if it is determined that a point has exceeded the dynamic threshold (Yes in step S5), the detected point is used as the reference point and is automatically extracted from the waveform as an independent "beat (interval)" corresponding to one compression action (a series of reciprocating movements from pressurization to recoil).

[0081] Furthermore, in order to completely prevent false detections due to slight structural play in the initial state of pressing or noise caused by touching the device, the internal judgment logic of the evaluation means 22 incorporates a control filter that automatically determines errors (counts them as misses) and excludes extremely shallow and incomplete pressurizing operations where the maximum displacement of pressure is "25 mm or less," rather than recognizing them as normal beat detection.

[0082] Figure 3 is a graphical diagram illustrating the relationship between the smoothed chest compression depth data waveform (vertical axis: depth (compression amount) [cm], horizontal axis: time [seconds]), the dynamic moving average threshold (dashed line near 2.5 cm), the beat divisions (vertical dashed lines at both ends), and the various multifaceted waveform characteristic indices that are calculated.

[0083] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, once a "one beat" interval is neatly extracted by the dynamic threshold, the evaluation means 22 analyzes the detailed waveform data of the entire extracted one-beat interval and precisely calculates the following "multiple indicators (waveform characteristic indicators)" that affect the quality of chest compressions (step S6).

[0084] Specifically, the evaluation means 22 calculates, for each beat, the "compression depth," which is the maximum depth within the interval of that beat (the peak value of the deepest compression), and the "recoil depth," which is the minimum depth within the interval of that beat (the bottom value when the compression is released and the chest wall has fully returned to its original position).

[0085] In addition to these, the "compression velocity" is calculated, which is the pressure velocity characteristic based on the time required for the waveform to rise sharply from "10% to 90%" when the recoil depth position of the previous beat is defined as 0% and the compression depth position of the current beat as 10% during compression.

[0086] Furthermore, the evaluation means 22 calculates the "recoil speed," which is a return speed characteristic based on the time required for the restoration displacement in which the waveform drops sharply from "90% to 10%" when the compression depth position of the current beat is defined as 100% and the recoil depth position of the current beat as 0% during chest wall restoration.

[0087] Furthermore, the evaluation means 22 calculates the "interval" as a time width, which is the elapsed time from the detection point of the previous normal beat.

[0088] Furthermore, the evaluation means 22 calculates the "ideal waveform agreement rate," which is the area-based agreement rate within one beat between the area model of an ideal waveform (such as a square wave) of a technique supervised by an expert and stored in the system beforehand, and the area of ​​the actually measured compression waveform, in a two-dimensional coordinate system with time on the horizontal axis and depth on the vertical axis.

[0089] Furthermore, the evaluation means 22 calculates the "Duty ratio," which is the ratio of the time during which the smoothing depth data was above the dynamic threshold (pressure time) to the time during which it was below the dynamic threshold (recoil time) within a single beat.

[0090] The evaluation method 22 then calculates the "CCF (Chest Compression Time Percentage)," which is the percentage of the total training time during which effective compressions were performed, by accumulating calculations.

[0091] The evaluation means 22 calculates individual scores for each waveform characteristic index and a score for the entire beat by comparing these calculated waveform characteristic indices with an appropriate range database compliant with the guidelines, and determines whether the beat was performed appropriately or not (step S7).

[0092] The presentation means 23 and the audio output unit 24 provide real-time feedback to the trainee through screen graphics and speaker audio, providing the results of the evaluation for each beat and instructional text for improving the technique (step S8).

[0093] The information processing device 20 determines whether to terminate the training session due to the expiration of the set time limit, etc. (step S9). If it determines not to terminate, it returns to processing the next frame (step S1) and loops the real-time analysis. If it determines to terminate, it performs an overall evaluation of the technique quality and calculates a total score from the accumulated data of all beats, displays a detailed scoring results screen, and generates a code image for transfer to a mobile terminal (step S10).

[0094] Here, the evaluation means 22 calculates the average score for each indicator for the most recent predetermined number of beats as an overall evaluation in step S10, and also calculates the average score for each indicator and the standard deviation score indicating the variability for the entire session.

[0095] The evaluation means 22 then calculates the "compression score," "recoil score," "tempo score," and "waveform score" independently by applying specific weighting coefficients to these mean and standard deviation scores to strictly evaluate the stability and accuracy of the procedure, as well as calculating the "continuity score" based on the overall chest compression time ratio. Finally, it calculates a "total score" out of 100 points by integrating these with arbitrary weights and a matrix aggregation.

[0096] In this embodiment, the evaluation means 22 does not calculate any absolute timing difference (absolute rhythm) between the absolute reference beat (metronome timing, etc.) fixed in advance within the system and the actual input from the trainee, with respect to the tempo (speed) of chest compressions.

[0097] The evaluation method 22 focuses solely on extracting and evaluating only the "interval" as a time width (relative rhythm), which is the elapsed time from the previous beat extracted from the waveform.

[0098] In chest compressions, the medical emphasis is placed on a consistent and correct time interval because the perception of rhythm, such as downbeats and upbeats, varies from person to person.

[0099] Therefore, this embodiment differs significantly from the display system described in Patent Document 1, which strictly evaluates and deducts points for the absolute difference between the trainee's pressurization timing and the correct timing within the system. This embodiment provides control that does not unnecessarily correct or confuse the trainee's rhythm.

[0100] As a result, this engaging rhythm game, which involves performing chest compressions in time with the tempo of specific songs, effectively teaches the body the "correct sense of time intervals" that can be naturally reproduced in emergencies and panic situations.

[0101] Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the layout configuration of a highly visible rhythm game type play screen that the presentation means 23 displays on the display device (display) in real time.

[0102] As shown in Figure 5, the presentation means 23 presents the evaluation results for each beat in real time through visual effects.

[0103] Specifically, the display means 23 displays a semicircular "interval meter 51" (speed meter) on the left side of the screen, which represents the average value of the interval over the most recent predetermined number of beats as the angle of rotation of the needle.

[0104] The interval meter 51 shows the ideal "110 bpm" when the needle is in the center position, and the optimal range of "100 bpm-120 bpm" that conforms to the guidelines is highlighted in a darker color.

[0105] Additionally, a vertical "Depth Meter 52" (strength gauge) is displayed on the right side of the screen, which shows the smoothed current depth in real time through the up-and-down movement of an indicator bar.

[0106] The depth meter 52 highlights the ideal depth of "5cm" during compression and the ideal depth of "0cm" during recoil, where the force is completely released, with thick lines.

[0107] Furthermore, a "comment display section 53" is displayed in the center of the screen, showing in real time the appropriateness evaluation of each beat ("Good!", etc.) and specific points for improving the technique of each parameter, such as "Stronger" and "Faster recoil," in text within the character's speech bubble.

[0108] The audio output unit 24 simultaneously reads aloud the evaluation and improvement text displayed on the comment display unit 53 in clear voice through the speaker.

[0109] Additionally, in the upper left corner of the screen, a "Judgment Counter 54" is displayed, showing the cumulative number of times each of the four judgment levels—"S: Perfect," "A: Good," "B: Almost," and "C: Miss"—has been applied to each beat.

[0110] At the top of the screen, a "detailed data display section 55" is displayed, consisting of seven rectangular indicators that show the raw values ​​of each calculated waveform characteristic index in a horizontal row.

[0111] At the bottom of the screen, a "time display section 56" is displayed, consisting of a rectangular progress bar that shows the elapsed time, remaining time, and the current cumulative CCF (percentage of chest compression time).

[0112] On the progress bar of the time display unit 56, an animation is displayed showing an ambulance moving along the bar in real time as the pressurization continues and time passes.

[0113] Furthermore, the presentation means 23 displays a large number "Combo" in the center of the screen when a success judgment ("Perfect" or "Good") is made a certain number of times in a row, thereby helping trainees improve their awareness of the importance of continuity and not interrupting the pressurization technique in a fun, game-like manner.

[0114] Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the layout of the detailed "results screen" displayed on the display device by the presentation means 23, and an example of data linkage in a completely local environment via code images to the mobile application unit as a mobile terminal 30.

[0115] As shown on the left side of Figure 6, the presentation means 23 neatly arranges and statically displays the following on a single screen on the results screen after the completion of training: a "total score display unit 61" represented by digital numbers; a "radar chart 62" that shows the score balance of the four indicators of rhythm, depth, recoil, and continuity as the spread of a rectangular shape; a "detailed score display unit 63" that shows the detailed scores of each indicator along with the denominator in list format; a "general review display unit 64" that shows the overall review, which is an evaluation text automatically generated by the syntax engine based on the aggregated scores; and a "code image 65" consisting of a square black and white pattern generated by converting the data string representing the evaluation results.

[0116] In this embodiment, the presentation means 23 displays "67.5 points" (out of 100 points) as the final total score in the overall score display unit 61.

[0117] Furthermore, as a breakdown of these individual results, the detailed score display section 63 accurately outputs and displays the precise test data in a list format with line breaks, such as "Rhythm (Tempo): 20.8 / 30 points", "Depth (Compression): 4.1 / 20 points", "Recoil: 16.8 / 20 points", and "Continuity: 22.7 / 30 points".

[0118] Furthermore, specific bonus data called a "waveform bonus," which demonstrates the beauty of the pressure waveform, is output and displayed, and the overall evaluation display unit 64 displays natural-sounding text such as, "This is a compression that can be improved."

[0119] The mobile device 30 (mobile application unit) uses the built-in camera of the smartphone to scan and read the large, square code image 65 displayed on the computer screen using "code reading".

[0120] As a result, the app on the mobile device 30 instantly transfers and stores the entire set of chest compression evaluation data into its own memory using a completely independent "fully local communication environment" that does not require any internet communication network, external cloud servers, or wireless radio wave environments such as Wi-Fi.

[0121] The establishment of this fully local transfer function ensures that even in underground training venues where network signals are often blocked, or in chaotic evacuation centers during disasters, participants and trainees can reliably obtain detailed individual results on their smartphones without any communication errors, and accumulate and centrally manage them as a solid "data asset."

[0122] As shown on the right side of Figure 6, the mobile terminal 30 displays the acquired evaluation results as a smooth line graph with the total score on the vertical axis and the number of training sessions on the horizontal axis, as well as detailed information, on the "Record Graph Display Screen" within the app.

[0123] On this graph display screen, specific quantitative score values ​​are plotted and clearly shown on the graph.

[0124] By looking at the graph's progression at a glance, trainees can intuitively understand how their skills have improved through daily practice or how they have changed due to fatigue.

[0125] Furthermore, the mobile device 30 displays a "quiz / article (learning) screen" to reinforce knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by switching tabs within the app.

[0126] The learning screen presents a series of practical, multiple-choice quizzes, such as "What is the correct depth of chest compressions for an adult? A: 3-4cm, B: 4-5cm, C: 5-6cm," to support repeated knowledge refinement.

[0127] Furthermore, the mobile device 30 is equipped with an instruction function for an "emergency flow (two-choice guidance) screen" that simulates an actual emergency rescue situation.

[0128] This instruction function employs specially enlarged buttons and a user interface (UI) design with clear, highly visible color coding to completely prevent accidental operation in panic situations.

[0129] The app displays two large "Yes" and "No" selection buttons that fill the screen, along with the first important question of basic life support, such as "Have you checked the surrounding area for safety?". Depending on the user's tap, the app automatically transitions to the next appropriate life-saving instruction screen in a step-by-step flowchart format, such as "If No, move them to the sidewalk" or "If Yes, tap their shoulder to check for a response."

[0130] Next, the user is instructed to virtually input the numbers "1," "1," and "9" in that order using the on-screen keypad, and is guided through the procedure of calling out loudly for help from those around them and arranging for an AED.

[0131] Furthermore, once the user has observed the patient's chest and confirmed that there is no normal breathing or pulse, the screen automatically switches to a large red pressure instruction screen. At the same time, a regular, constant electronic metronome sound of "110 bpm," the ideal rhythm interval for creating the most appropriate blood circulation in the aorta according to guidelines, is forcibly played at high volume through the user's speaker, providing strong support for the tempo and continuation of chest compressions in actual field situations.

[0132] As a result, the mobile device 30 can provide enjoyable support for continuous learning in a game-like manner during normal times, and seamlessly integrate support for judgment and procedures in actual, challenging life-saving situations.

[0133] As described above, this embodiment differs fundamentally from both the configuration of Patent Document 1, which evaluates the pressing force by pre-installing a pressure sensor in a simulated body, and the configuration of Patent Document 2, which measures the depth of chest compressions by performing double integration processing on the output of an acceleration sensor or by indirectly estimating the position and velocity from a camera image. Instead, it directly and accurately measures the amount of compression displacement using a robust physical and mechanical structure with a rack and pinion and encoder.

[0134] Therefore, according to this embodiment, compression depth can be calculated in real time with high accuracy without requiring complex signal processing such as double integration or prior intensity correlation data, and the acquisition means 10 can be easily attached externally to existing inexpensive training mannequins 2 that do not have measurement functions, thus keeping the overall system introduction cost extremely low.

[0135] Furthermore, this embodiment differs from both Patent Document 1, which evaluates only compression force, compression timing, and compression position, and Patent Document 2, which is for medical settings and uses chest compression data only for estimating the patient's blood pressure and notifying ventilation timing. It precisely extracts beat units from the waveform using a dynamic moving average threshold, and quantitatively evaluates the quality of chest compressions with multiple multifaceted indicators, including compression depth and recoil depth, for each beat. The results are presented from multiple perspectives through a highly gamified meter, combos, voice, radar chart, natural overall assessment, and various application functions on a mobile device, dramatically increasing the trainee's motivation to learn and the actual survival rate in the field.

[0136] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0137] For example, the transmission path of depth data from the acquisition means 10 as an external measuring device to the information processing device 20 is not limited to a wired serial communication means 18. A low-latency wireless communication module (such as Bluetooth®) that minimizes communication delay may be mounted on the microcomputer 15, and a configuration may be adopted in which depth data is directly transmitted wirelessly and serially to various smartphones (mobile terminals 30) such as iPhone® and Android®.

[0138] This wireless configuration allows for the completion of all functions—real-time meter display on the play screen, scoring evaluation, history graph management, and emergency flow guidance—using only a single smartphone (mobile terminal 30) familiar to the trainee, without the need to separately prepare an information processing device 20 such as a laptop computer. This dramatically increases the portability and convenience of the system, enabling the development of an extremely beneficial advanced version that allows for easy and low-cost chest compression training in any location.

[0139] Furthermore, the training subject is not limited to training doll 2; it may also be a cushion or a container such as a 2-liter plastic bottle that has properties similar to the human body.

[0140] Furthermore, multiple acquisition means 10 may be used to simultaneously evaluate chest compressions from multiple individuals, or the evaluation may include changes in the trainees. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0141] 1. Chest compression training support system 2 training doll 10 Acquisition method 11 Pressing part 12 racks 13 pinion 14 Increment Encoders 15 Microcomputers 16 Clamping Frame 17 Height adjustment mechanism 18. Serial communication means 20 Information Processing Devices 21 Receiving unit 22 Evaluation methods 23 Presentation means 24 Audio output section 30 Mobile devices 40 Code Images 51 interval meters 52 Depth Meter 53 Comment display section 54 Judgment Counter 55 Detailed data display section 56 Time display section 61 Overall Score Display Section 62 Radar Chart 63 Detailed score display section 64 Overall Rating Display Section 65 Code Images S1-S10 Each processing step

Claims

1. An acquisition means for acquiring the depth of chest compressions on a training subject over time and outputting depth data representing that depth, An evaluation means for evaluating the quality of chest compressions based on the depth data, The system includes a presentation means for presenting the results of the evaluation performed by the evaluation means, The acquisition means comprises a rack and pinion that converts the vertical motion of compression applied to the training target into rotational motion, an increment encoder that mechanically detects the amount of rotation of the pinion, and a microcomputer that outputs the depth data calculated from the amount of rotation, and is configured as an external measuring device that is detachably attached to the outside of the training target. The evaluation means smooths the received depth data, detects beats corresponding to a single compression action using the moving average value of the smoothed depth data over the most recent predetermined period as a threshold, calculates a plurality of waveform characteristic indices for each detected beat, including the compression depth which is the maximum value of the depth in that beat and the recoil depth which is the minimum value of the depth in that beat, and quantitatively scores the quality of chest compressions based on the calculated plurality of waveform characteristic indices, thereby providing a chest compression training support system.

2. The acquisition means further comprises a clamping frame that holds the training object, and a height adjustment mechanism that adjusts the height of the clamping frame to match the thickness of the training object, and is attached externally to a training doll, cushion, or container that does not have a measuring function. The chest compression training support system according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation means performs outlier removal and smoothing using a moving average on the depth data, and excludes pressurization operations in which the maximum displacement is less than a predetermined value from the detection of the beat.

3. The evaluation means calculates at least one of the following as multiple waveform characteristic indices: compression depth and recoil depth, compression speed based on the time required for displacement during compression, recoil speed based on the time required for displacement during recovery, interval which is the elapsed time from the previous beat, ideal waveform agreement degree which is the agreement ratio based on the area with a predetermined ideal waveform, duty cycle ratio which is the ratio of the time above the threshold to the time below the threshold, and chest compression time ratio which is the proportion of the time during which effective chest compressions were performed to the total elapsed time, and evaluates only the interval with respect to the tempo of chest compressions without evaluating the absolute timing difference between the reference beat and the input. The presentation means presents the results of the evaluation for each beat in real time using at least one of the following: an interval meter representing the average value of the interval, a depth meter representing the smoothed depth, text or audio comments representing the evaluation and areas for improvement, and a combo representing the number of consecutive successful judgments. At the end of training, it displays the scores for compression, recoil, tempo, and waveform, an overall score combining these, a summary in text form based on the evaluation, and a code image obtained by converting a string representing the evaluation results. The chest compression training support system according to claim 1, further comprising a portable terminal that reads the code image, obtains the results of the evaluation, displays the results of the evaluation in a graph, provides learning about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and guides the user by presenting step-by-step response procedures in response to a binary choice in an emergency.

4. A smoothing step is performed to smooth the depth data obtained by acquiring the depth of chest compressions on the training subject over time, A beat detection step in which beats corresponding to a single compression action are separated and detected using the moving average value of the smoothed depth data over the most recent predetermined period as a threshold, An index calculation step for calculating a plurality of waveform characteristic indices for each detected beat, including a compression depth which is the maximum value of the depth in that beat, and a recoil depth which is the minimum value of the depth in that beat. An evaluation step of quantitatively scoring the quality of chest compressions based on the calculated multiple waveform characteristic indices, A chest compression evaluation method characterized by comprising a presentation step of presenting the results of the evaluation performed in the aforementioned evaluation step.

5. In the smoothing step, outlier removal by Hampel method and smoothing by moving average are performed on the depth data. In the index calculation step, as the plurality of waveform characteristic indices, at least one of the following is calculated: compression depth and recoil depth, compression speed based on the time required for displacement during compression, recoil speed based on the time required for displacement during recovery, interval which is the elapsed time from the anterior beat, ideal waveform agreement degree which is the agreement ratio based on the area with a predetermined ideal waveform, duty cycle ratio which is the ratio of the time above the threshold to the time below the threshold, and chest compression time ratio which is the proportion of the time during which effective chest compressions were performed to the total elapsed time. The chest compression evaluation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, with respect to the tempo of chest compressions, only the interval is evaluated without evaluating the absolute timing difference between the reference beat and the input.

6. At the end of the training, an overall evaluation step is performed to aggregate the multiple waveform characteristic indices calculated for each beat to calculate individual scores for compression, recoil, tempo, and waveform, as well as an overall score that integrates these scores. The method further includes a generation step of converting a string representing the evaluation result, including the aforementioned overall score, to generate a code image, The chest compression evaluation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the presentation step, the overall score, the overall summary which is a text based on the evaluation, and the code image are displayed on the results screen.

7. A chest compression evaluation program for causing a computer to perform each step of the chest compression evaluation method described in claim 4.

8. A chest compression evaluation program according to claim 7, characterized in that, at the end of training, the computer further performs an overall evaluation step of aggregating the plurality of waveform characteristic indices calculated for each beat to calculate scores for compression, recoil, tempo, and waveform, and an overall score that integrates these; and a generation step of converting a string representing the evaluation result, including the overall score, to generate a code image.

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