Cable and cable joint inspection systems, methods, and programs

Abstract

To provide a cable and joint inspection system, process and computer readable medium enabling cable and joint inspection functions.SOLUTION: The system includes an x-ray cabinet containing an x-ray camera and positioning equipment. The x-ray camera is positionable to obtain an x-ray image of a portion of a cable or a cable joint. The x-ray images are evaluated to determine whether a bounded area is within the x-ray image. The processor may measure the size of the bounded area in the x-ray image based on the number of pixels forming the bounded area. In response to the size of the bounded area being greater than an inclusion or void allowance threshold, the processor may flag the bounded area as an inclusion or void, and flag pixel locations in the x-ray image. The flagged pixel locations correspond to a physical location within the portions of the cable or the cable joint.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Related Application

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from an invention filed on June 25, 2021, entitled "Imaging Device and System for Inspecting Cables and Cable Joints", with U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 214,945, and the entire content of this application is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present embodiment relates to patterning of semiconductor devices, and in particular to an apparatus and technology for forming optimized gate-all-around transistors. Background Art

[0003] Optical fibers can be used as transmission paths for optical signals in communication networks. These optical fibers typically must extend for many miles across large bodies of water (landing at shore ends). To protect optical fibers, particularly in underwater or submarine environments, optical fibers can be included in optical cables that provide multi-layer protection. Depending on system environmental conditions, underwater or submarine optical cables may include layers of, for example, reinforcing members, optical packages / tubes, conductors, insulation, shields, and sheaths.

[0004] Optical cables are typically coupled to underwater devices such as connectors that provide coupling to other cables, repeaters that provide amplification of optical signals, and branching units that provide branching of optical signals. For example, to repair an optical cable, one optical cable segment can be coupled to another optical cable segment using a cable-to-cable connector (e.g., a connector known as a Millennia Joint (MJ), available from SubCom, LLC). Conductors within optical cables provide power to electronic equipment in several types of underwater devices. When connecting optical cables containing conductors, electrical connections can be made from one cable conductor to another (e.g., within a connector) or to a powered component (e.g., within a repeater or branching unit).

[0005] Because the repaired cable joints are hidden within the polymer-coated molded material, imaging devices such as X-ray cameras are required to inspect the integrity of the repaired joints. Currently, the work using previously available X-ray cameras is monotonous and tedious. This is because these X-ray cameras require a trained operator to visually inspect each image produced by the camera to capture very small defects and other nonconformities in several areas deemed important. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0006] In one embodiment, a cable inspection system is provided, comprising an X-ray cabinet including an X-ray camera equipped with an X-ray source and a detector, and a positioning device. The X-ray camera is mounted on a universal joint, and the positioning device is coupled to the universal joint and is operable to position the X-ray camera to acquire an X-ray image of a cable or cable joint. The cable inspection system further includes a processor communicatively coupled to the X-ray camera and the positioning device, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory is operable to store programming code that enables control of the X-ray camera and the positioning device. When the programming code is executed, the processor is operable to drive the positioning device to position the X-ray camera, thereby acquiring X-ray images of a plurality of selected portions of a cable or cable joint, and acquiring an X-ray image of each of the plurality of selected portions of the cable or cable joint. Each X-ray image may include a plurality of pixels of a predetermined size, each of which has a pixel intensity value and coordinates in the X-ray image. The processor is operable to process the pixel intensity values ​​of the plurality of pixels in the X-ray image to identify bounded regions in the X-ray image. The processor can operate to measure the size of a bounded region in an X-ray image based on multiple pixels that form an identified contents or void. In response to the bounded region being larger than the contents or void tolerance threshold, the processor may flag the pixel location in the X-ray image for further inspection. The flagged pixel location corresponds to a physical location within a selected portion of the cable or cable fitting.

[0007] In another embodiment, a method is provided that includes acquiring an X-ray image of a cable segment or cable joint. The X-ray image can be processed to identify a region within the image, which is formed by a set of pixels. The distance along the axis of one or more of the pixels in the set within the identified region can be measured. The actual distance can be obtained by multiplying the measured distance by a proportionality constant. It can be determined whether one or more of the actual distances exceed a content or void tolerance threshold, and based on whether one or more of the actual distances exceed the content or void tolerance threshold, the identified region can be flagged for further inspection.

[0008] In another embodiment, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium is provided which contains instructions that cause the processor to perform a function when executed by the processor. These functions include the processor acquiring multiple X-ray images of a cable segment or cable joint. Each X-ray image may be an image of the cable segment or cable joint at a corresponding longitudinal position and a corresponding angular position. The image is formed by a plurality of pixels having pixel intensity values. The processor can process each of the plurality of X-ray images to identify gradient changes in the pixel intensity values ​​of pixels in the X-ray images at the corresponding longitudinal position and the corresponding angular position. The processor can determine whether a bounded region has been formed in the identified gradient changes in the pixel values ​​of the pixels. In response to the determination that a bounded region has been formed, the processor selects updated longitudinal and updated angular positions relative to the bounded region to acquire another X-ray image of the cable segment or cable joint. The processor acquires another X-ray image of the cable segment or cable joint at the updated longitudinal and updated angular positions and uses this other X-ray image to perform processing and determination to position the gradient changes in the other X-ray image corresponding to the bounded region. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] The drawings are provided to supplement the written explanation and do not limit the disclosed subject matter.

[0010] [Figure 1]One aspect of the subject matter relating to one embodiment is shown. [Figure 2] A flowchart of the cable inspection system process according to the embodiment is shown. [Figure 3] Examples of X-ray images acquired by the X-ray cameras described herein are shown. [Figure 4A] The image shown here is an X-ray image with increased resolution processed by the illustrative process described herein. [Figure 4B] The image shown here has an improved resolution compared to the X-ray image of Figure 4A, which was processed using the illustrative process already described herein. [Figure 4C] Figure 4A shows an example of an X-ray image with increased resolution, which is used to display contents / voids as protruding objects for evaluation by the user interface. [Figure 5A] A graphic illustrating the functional arrangement of the X-ray camera, as actually measured, was shown to determine a portion of the X-ray image being evaluated. [Figure 5B] To further illustrate the process performed to measure the bounded region by illustrating the disclosed subject matter, an example of a bounded region in a portion of the X-ray image is shown. [Figure 5C] Examples were provided to indicate risk zones where there is a high risk of abnormalities in the contents or other locations within a fitting. [Figure 6] A flowchart illustrating another example of a process used to inspect a cable segment or cable joint according to another embodiment is shown. [Figure 7A] An isometric view illustrating an example of a cable inspection system is shown. [Figure 7B] A side view of an example cable inspection system is shown. [Figure 7C] Figures 7A and 7B show functional block diagrams illustrating an example of a cable inspection system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] The following describes the inspection of cables and cable fittings using an X-ray camera. The X-ray camera and system are operable to provide fully automated inspection and / or to be used to perform specific angular and longitudinal and / or transverse positioning along a cable or cable fitting using the camera. The longitudinal position is the length (i.e., long size) of the cable or cable fitting as it enters the X-ray cabinet from its first entry point, passes through the X-ray cabinet, and exits the X-ray cabinet. Conversely, the transverse position of the cable may be a point on the width (i.e., short size) of the cable or cable fitting. Depending on the object being imaged, imaging may be performed in the longitudinal, transverse, or both directions. For ease of explanation, the following examples depict imaging in the longitudinal direction. The advantages of the disclosed cable inspection system include real-time or near-real-time estimation of acquired images, reduced evaluation time of acquired images, reduced offshore repair time, and elimination of the need to store any hazardous chemicals associated with X-ray film development.

[0012] At a high level, the cable detection system includes an X-ray cabinet containing an X-ray camera and a positioning device. The X-ray camera may be positioned to acquire an X-ray image of a portion of the cable or a cable joint. The cable inspection system is used to position contents or voids within this portion of the cable or in the joint. Voids may be gas / air bubbles that may be mixed into the dielectric of the cable or cable joint, or any form of anomaly such as damage to the conductor, joint, void, or delamination. A processor evaluates the X-ray image to determine whether there are bounded regions in the X-ray image. The processor can operate to measure the size of the bounded regions in the X-ray image based on the number of pixels that formed the bounded regions. In response to the size of the bounded region being greater than the tolerance threshold for contents or voids, the processor may flag the bounded region as contents or voids and flag the pixel locations in the X-ray image. The flagged pixel locations correspond to the physical locations within this portion of the cable or in the cable joint. The following description provides details of the processes and techniques utilized by the disclosed cable inspection system.

[0013] Figure 1 shows an example of a cable and fitting. Cables 110 and 112 may be joined to each end of the cable fitting 102 in a similar manner. Specific details of the joining of cable 110 at fitting 102 are not necessary to understand the subject to be protected; therefore, the joining may be described with a high level of detail and implemented in accordance with industry standards and best practices.

[0014] The joint 102 may be an underwater optical cable joint coupled to cables from a cable capable of providing two underwater cables (e.g., 110 and 112). The underwater optical cable joint 102 may be a joint available, for example, from SubCom, LLC under the name Millennia Joint (MJ). The two underwater cables may each include an internal conductor (not shown in this example).

[0015] In this example, the cable joint 102 includes a joint housing 108, and the joint housing is configured to include a stitching device used to stitch the conductors of the cable. Cables 110 and 112 are electrical cables and may include conductive optical cables, etc. Cables 110 and 112 may also be underwater cables, submarine cables, land cables, non-optical cables, etc.

[0016] The joint housing 108 may be an inner housing surrounded by insulating and protective material. The joint housing 108 may include a stitching device used to stitch the optical fibers or the conductors of cables 110 and 112 from cables 110 and 112 (when the optical fibers make a cable connection) (when cables 110 and 112 are electrical cables, or when cables 110 and 112 are optical fiber cables on which their conductors can be joined).

[0017] As is known in the cable industry, cables 110 and 112 may comprise an inner conductive sheath and an outer conductive sheath (not shown). The inner conductive sheath can be terminated using known techniques, for example, by using a conical termination member, which is assembled around the inner conductive sheath and positioned within the cable socket body at one end of the joint housing 108.

[0018] The ends of the joint housing 108 and the cable 110 are overmolded to form overmolded insulating portions 104 and 106, for example, overmolded with a suitable dielectric moldable material. As known in the industry, the overmolded insulating portions 104 and 106 can cover the connection region and terminals of the inner conductive sheath of the cable 110 or 112, and by restoring insulation of both the inner conductive sheath of the cable 110 or 112 and the outer conductive sheath of the cable 110 or 112, both the inner conductive sheath and the outer conductive sheath can be insulated.

[0019] As described herein, the cable inspection system is operable to inspect various types of cables and joints, such as submarine electrical cables, submersible electrical cables, and fiber optic cables. It is known that exemplary fiber optic cables include an optical fiber and a power conducting element covered with one or more insulating layers. Similarly, electrical cables are known to include one or more power conducting elements having an insulating layer. Also, cable joints may be made of metal and materials (both natural and synthetic). The corresponding materials of optical fibers, power conducting elements, insulating layers, metals, and cable joints all substantially contribute to X-ray imaging, thus contributing to X-ray inspection of cables.

[0020] An example cable and joint inspection system may implement process 200 that enables inspection of a cable segment or a cable joint as shown in Figure 2. The X-ray camera described with reference to the following examples may be controlled by a processor. As shown in block 202 of process 200, the processor may control the X-ray camera to acquire an X-ray image of the cable segment or cable joint. For example, the X-ray camera may be positioned above a point of interest of the cable segment or cable joint. The X-ray camera may acquire a digital image of the point of interest of the cable segment or cable joint. The X-ray image acquired by the X-ray camera may include a plurality of pixels, each of which has a corresponding pixel intensity value and a corresponding position in the X-ray image.

[0021] In block 204, the processor processes the X-ray image using an image processing technique to identify regions of different pixel intensity values in the image. The identified region may be formed by a set of pixels. The identified region may be a set of pixels in the X-ray image, and the set of pixels has pixel intensity values different from those of other pixels substantially surrounding the set of pixels in the X-ray image. The term "identified region" is similar to the term "bounded region".

[0022] In an example, the set of pixels may be the identified region, which means that the set of pixels can be stored together in memory as an identified region (e.g., identified region #123, etc.). The processor is operable to identify the set of pixels in the X-ray image based on that the pixel intensity value of each pixel in the set is different from the pixel intensity values of other pixels substantially surrounding the set of pixels in the X-ray image. In an example, the identified region may be identified based on a gradient of pixel intensity values of pixels defining the set of pixels forming the identified region.

[0023] Information relating to each pixel in the set of pixels within the identified region may include the coordinates and pixel intensity values ​​of the corresponding pixels. In other examples, information relating to each corresponding pixel may include the pixel intensity value, coordinates, and other information, such as an image number when acquiring multiple X-ray images, angular information referring to the angular position of the X-ray image relative to the cable segment or cable joint of the X-ray camera, and longitudinal information referring to the longitudinal position of the X-ray image relative to the cable segment or cable joint of the X-ray camera. The angular position of the X-ray camera may be around the circumference of the cable segment or cable joint, and the length of the cable segment of the X-ray camera or the longitudinal position of the cable joint may be along the length of the cable segment or cable joint.

[0024] Using pixel coordinate values, in block 206, the processor can operate to measure the distance along one or more axes of the set of pixels within an identified region. For example, the processor can operate to measure the distance from the first measurement position to the second measurement position, using the coordinates of a first pixel as the first measurement position and the coordinates of a second pixel as the second mark position. The processor may set this to a first axis direction measurement. The processor can further operate to select the coordinates of a third pixel corresponding to a third mark position in the mark positions in the X-ray image and to select the coordinates of a fourth pixel corresponding to a fourth mark position in the X-ray image.

[0025] The processor can obtain a second axial measurement by measuring the distance from the third measurement position to the fourth measurement position. The number of axial measurements is not limited and is determined by the boundary or shape of the identified region or other elements or settings of the processor. In the example, the axis of the first axial measurement and the axis of the second axial measurement may or may not be flush.

[0026] Distances on identified regions can be determined by different methods, such as using the Pythagorean theorem, or, if the measured axis is a straight line along the coordinate axes, the position can be determined by using the size and number of pixels that make up the image. For example, if the vertical size of a pixel is 0.2 millimeters and the number of pixels passing through the set of pixels is 5, the measured distance is 1 millimeter. A proportionality constant is used to convert the measured distance to an actual distance. Further discussion of measuring identified regions will be explained with reference to later examples.

[0027] In block 208, the processor is operable to determine, upon receiving measured distances on one or more axes of a set of pixels within an identified region, whether each of the measured distances exceeds a content or void tolerance threshold. In the example, each of the measured distances may be compared to a content or void tolerance threshold, which may be a single distance measurement or multiple distance measurements based on different axial measurements. Examples of content tolerance thresholds may be 0.091 millimeters, 0.457 millimeters, etc. Alternatively, the content or void tolerance thresholds may differ for X-ray images acquired from different longitudinal positions, transverse positions and / or different angular positions (also known as “rotation increments”) or combinations thereof.

[0028] In block 210, upon determining that the measured distance exceeds the content or void tolerance threshold, the processor may flag the identified area for further inspection.

[0029] After the processor flags the identified regions for detailed examination, in determination block 212, the processor can determine whether another X-ray image is available for analysis. If it is determined to be available, there is another X-ray image available, and process 200 returns to block 202. Otherwise, if it is determined to be unavailable, there is no other X-ray image available, and process 200 may proceed to completion block 214 and terminate.

[0030] Process 200 may also include additional functions. For example, the processor may be coupled to a display and be operable to display the results of the above functions on the display. The display may be part of a graphical user interface which can display information about the corresponding X-ray image acquired by the X-ray camera. In this example, the identified region may be displayed on the display. Detailed inspection may include further imaging and / or additional processing of the X-ray image of the cable segment or cable joint, such as measuring the size of the identified region. Additional processing which may be part of the detailed inspection will be described with reference to later examples.

[0031] Figure 3 shows an illustrative display of an example of an X-ray image acquired by an X-ray camera coupled to the controller described herein. The X-ray image display 300 may be displayed by the controller on a display device coupled to the controller (as shown in later examples). The X-ray image display 300 may be configured to display thumbnails of the X-ray images 302 of the cable joint in a matrix. The matrix may be formed by columns of a vertical axis view 306 and rows of a rotation axis view 304. The vertical axis view 306 may correspond to vertical positions D, C, B and A, and the rotation axis view 304 may correspond to angular positions of 0 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees. Of course, the number of thumbnails of the X-ray images 302 may be greater or less than the number shown in the example of Figure 3.

[0032] In this example, the thumbnails of the X-ray images at vertical position C and angular position 60 are shown to have a flagged position 308. If the display is a touchscreen display, the displayed image at vertical position C and angular position 60 can be selected by an input device or touch. As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, in response to the image selection, the controller can be operated to display an increased resolution or "scaled" version.

[0033] Figure 4A shows a scaled X-ray image processed by the illustrative process described herein. The X-ray image 400a may include a location identified in an identified region / bounded region 404 by an identified region indicator 402. If the identified region / bounded region 404 is to be displayed on a display, a circular identified region indicator 402 may be used as a focal element. In the example of Figure 3, the identified region / bounded region 404 may be seen in only some of the 12 X-ray images 400a because the X-ray camera acquires images in a finite arc (e.g., 60 degrees), and other structures or materials within the cable or cable fitting (e.g., polyethylene insulating material) may prevent the contents or voids from being imaged by the X-ray camera.

[0034] In the example, based on process 200, the identified region / bounded region 404 may already be identified as containing material. The X-ray camera can be operated to generate more than 14,000 different pixel intensity values, which allows for consideration of multiple gradients. Note the brightness of the identified region / bounded region 404 compared to adjacent regions within the identified region notification 402. As shown in Figure 4B, the controller can be operated to achieve additional resolution.

[0035] Figure 4B shows a further scaled version of the X-ray image of Figure 4A processed by the exemplary process already described herein. The scaled X-ray image 400b allows for the display of additional detail of the identified region / bounded region 404 within the ring of the identified region notification 402. The corresponding images 400a and 400b may be used in process 200 or other processes described herein.

[0036] Figure 4C shows an example of an image with increased resolution from the X-ray image in Figure 4A, which is used to display contents / voids in a protruding manner for evaluation by the user interface. As shown in Figure 4C, the contents 406 are in approximately the same region as the identified region / bounded region 404 in Figure 4A. In Figure 4C, the line value graphic 408 below the thumbnail 410 is shown to record a higher pixel intensity value compared to the pixels surrounding the contents 406 at the horizontal cursor position 412. As shown in graphic 408 in Figure 4C, the line value (also called pixel value) to the right of the contents 406 has a first-level pixel intensity value such as 12500, and as shown in graphic 408, the contents have a second-level pixel intensity value of 16000.

[0037] In the example, the processor can scan the pixel intensity values ​​of each row of the thumbnail 410 to determine whether there is a rapid increase or change in the gradient of the pixel intensity values. The gradient 414 of the pixel values ​​of the pixels representing the contents will indicate a gradual change in the gradient between adjacent pixel intensity values. Conversely, a rapid increase in the pixel intensity value at 416 indicates a steep or rapid change in the gradient. The gradient in the pixel value direction changes from approximately 12500 before 416 to 16000 at 416, of which 416 corresponds to the contents 406. In the example, the gradient threshold may be 3000 or some other number, which indicates a rapid change in the grayscale pixel value direction between particular pixels.

[0038] Figure 5A shows a graphic illustrating the functional arrangement of an X-ray camera actually measured and used to determine a portion of the X-ray image to be evaluated. In Figure 5A, the X-ray source 528 is at a distance S from the X-ray detector 530 in the X-ray camera, which can be used with the examples described herein. The X-ray detector 530 can respond to the X-ray energy output by the X-ray source 528. The signal output from the X-ray detector 530 can be used to generate a grayscale image representing the intensity of the X-ray energy detected by the elements of the X-ray detector 530. As shown in Figure 5A, a joint including a joint ferrule (e.g., 106 in Figure 1) and a joint housing (e.g., 108 in Figure 1) is imaged. The actual diameter (or size) of the joint housing is Da, but the measured size using the detector pixel size is Dm. Therefore, in order to obtain an actual measurement of the size of any detected object, contents, or void, the actual size or the measured size to obtain the actual size of the object, contents, or void must be multiplied by a proportionality constant SF. The proportionality constant can be based on the distance S of the X-ray source 528 from the X-ray detector 530. In such an exemplary arrangement of the X-ray source 528 and X-ray detector 530, the proportionality constant SF is less than 1.0 (<). For example, if the diameter of the joint housing is measured, the processor can multiply Dm by SF to obtain Da, i.e., the actual measurement of the diameter of the joint housing.

[0039] Figure 5B shows an example of a bounded region in a portion of an X-ray image to further illustrate the process performed to measure the bounded region. A “bounded region” may be a set of pixels in an X-ray image, the set of pixels having a different pixel intensity value from the other pixels in the X-ray image that substantially surround the set of pixels. The term “bounded region” is analogous to the identified region in the above example. A portion of image 500 shows a bounded region 504. The bounded region 504 is shown as being in a matrix of each pixel 502 having a predetermined number of rows and columns. In this example, the matrix has 26 rows on the X axis and 31 columns on the Y axis. In the example, it is assumed that each pixel 502 is square, and both have horizontal and vertical dimensions equal to the pixel size (PD). Of course, the pixels 502 may be rectangular or of other shapes. The bounded region 504 may have a height 518, a width 520, and a square axis size 522. When processing an entire X-ray image, where only a portion of the 500 images is being processed, the limits of height 518, width 520, and angular axis size 522 can be precisely determined by the processor.

[0040] In an additional example, the processor can be configured to determine that an X-ray image contains two or more identified bounded regions, for example, two in bounded region 504. The processor can be configured to measure the distance between each pair of the two or more identified bounded regions. The processor can evaluate the measured distance between each pair with respect to a minimum tolerance. In response that the measured distance is less than the minimum tolerance, the processor can flag the X-ray image for further inspection. Additionally or alternatively, the user interface can be configured to respond to a command from the processor in response to one or more detected contents or voids, and to provide instructions if the distance between any two of the one or more contents or voids is closer than a predetermined tolerance.

[0041] Referring to the description in Block 206, the cable inspection system can determine the size of a defined area at a location marked where the gradient threshold has already been exceeded, using multi-axis measurements. Based on measurements performed according to the following process, the size of the bounded area can be determined, and the determined size of the area can be compared with a content or void tolerance threshold. The content or void tolerance threshold may have multiple thresholds, for example, a first threshold for the height of the content or void, a second threshold for the height of the content or void, a third threshold for the angular axis size of the content or void, and so on. In response to the comparison result indicating that the content or void tolerance threshold has already been exceeded, the processor may flag the bounded area as containing content or void.

[0042] In the example in Figure 2, when measuring the distance along one or more axes of a set of pixels within an identified region or bounded region 504, the processor can use multiple pixels to measure the distance. Note that the illustrative portion of image 500 is for illustrative purposes only, and the actual portion of the X-ray image may contain hundreds of thousands to millions of pixels, which cannot be reasonably counted without the help of the processor.

[0043] In the simplified example of Figure 5B, the height 518 provides an axial measurement on the vertical axis. The height 518 can be determined by multiplying X by PD = the obtained value of the actual size of the bounded region 504 in the vertical plane, where X is the number of pixels 502 in the vertical direction of the bounded region 504 and PD is the pixel size. In the example, X may be equal to 21 and PD may be equal to 2 mm, so the bounded region 504 may have a height 518 of 42 mm. In the same example, the width 520 is an axial measurement on the horizontal axis. The width 520 can also be determined by multiplying Y by the a value of PD (which is equal to the actual size of the bounded region 504 in the horizontal plane), where Y is the number of pixels 502 in the horizontal direction of the bounded region 504 and PD is the pixel size. In the example, Y may also be equal to 21 and PD may be equal to 2 mm, so the bounded region 504 may have a width of 42 mm.

[0044] In process 200, two dimensions (height 518 and width 520) may be evaluated against a content or void tolerance threshold to determine whether the bounded region 504 is content or void. However, in addition to the height 518 and width 520, a square axis size 522 may also be considered. However, angles spanning the bounded region 504 may not be suitable for easily counting the exact number of pixels 502. The processor may utilize pixel coordinates, which may be represented based on a matrix coordinate system (i.e., the upper left corner is the origin) or an image coordinate system (i.e., the lower left corner is the origin).

[0045] As shown in the illustrative portion of Image 500, the gradient (change from one pixel intensity to another, in this case from white to black) is determined to have been exceeded at the first measurement position 506, because the processor determines that the pixel intensity gradient indicates that pixels from pixel 526 to near the first measurement position 506 are approximately white. The processor can determine the gradient change of pixel values ​​from the first grayscale value (in this case, white) to the second grayscale pixel value (in this case, black) that exceeds the gradient threshold. For example, as explained with reference to Figure 4C above, the gradient threshold may be 3000, but other values ​​such as 2500 or less may be selected based on the imaged material or tolerances that the material accepts for the presence of some defects or differences, for example, 1000 may be selected. The gradient threshold may also be determined by the sensitivity of the X-ray detector of the X-ray camera (e.g., 530).

[0046] In response to confirming that the gradient threshold has already been exceeded, the processor may identify the pixel corresponding to the gradient change in the pixel value at the edge of the bounded region. In this example, the processor may measure the size of the bounded region 504 in this part of image 500 using the coordinates of a first pixel corresponding to a first mark position (e.g., first measurement position 506) among the mark positions in the X-ray image. In this example, the origin 524 is in the lower left corner. The first measurement position 506 may have a first coordinate set (e.g., 24, 16). A second pixel corresponding to a second mark position among the mark positions in the X-ray image 500 whose gradient has exceeded the gradient threshold may be selected as the second measurement position 508. The coordinates at the second measurement position 508 may be (3, 16). By the Pythagorean theorem, the distance (i.e., height 518) may be equal to approximately 21 mm.

[0047] The processor may then select the coordinates of a third pixel corresponding to a third mark position in the X-ray image (for example, a third measurement position 510). The third measurement position 510 may be a position in this portion of the image 500 where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold. The coordinates of the third measurement position 510 may be (6,12). A fourth mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold may be a fourth measurement position 512. The coordinates of the fourth measurement position 512 (i.e., x=27, y=12) may be selected. The processor measures the distance from the third measurement position 510 to the fourth measurement position 512 (i.e., the width 520) to be approximately equal to 21 mm. The measured distance between the third measurement position 510 and the fourth measurement position 512 may be considered a second axial measurement.

[0048] The processor may select the coordinates of the fifth pixel as the fifth measurement position 514 corresponding to the fifth mark position in the mark positions within the X-ray image 500. The fifth measurement position 514 may be a pixel whose gradient exceeds a gradient threshold. The coordinates of the fifth measurement position 514 may be (21,24). The sixth mark position in the mark positions within the X-ray image 500 may be selected as the sixth measurement position 516. The coordinates of the sixth measurement position 516 may be (6,10). The measured distance between the fifth measurement position 514 and the sixth measurement position 516 is approximately equal to 21 mm. The measured distance between the fifth measurement position and the sixth measurement position is a third-axis measurement along the third axis. The third axis is not flush with the axis of the first-axis measurement and the axis of the second-axis measurement.

[0049] Figure 5C illustrates an example of indicating risk zones in a cable joint where the location of contents or voids poses a high risk. In the example of Figure 5C, the cable joint 532 or cable segment may be divided into different risk zones along its length. For example, contents or voids in zone 1 on either end of the cable joint 532 may pose a higher risk. Thus, it has a different gradient threshold and a different void or contents tolerance threshold compared to zone 2. Alternatively, the gradient threshold and void or contents threshold may be maintained similarly for each zone on the entire cable joint 532 or cable segment. In the example, when potential contents in zone 1 (which have a higher risk setting than zone 2) are noted, the processor may include additional warning features such as flashing a thumbnail in a different color (e.g., red) than other thumbnail images or making the thumbnail stand out.

[0050] Determining whether the contents are in Zone 1 or Zone 2 may be determined by rotation settings based on the vertical, horizontal, or angle input to the system, or by default settings for the corresponding type of joint. For example, each zone of an MJ joint may differ from that of other types of joints. Also, given the object to be imaged, the zone size settings may be customizable.

[0051] For example, each zone (e.g., Zone 1 or Zone 2) may represent different longitudinal and angular positions corresponding to a thumbnail (e.g., 410 in Figure 4C). For example, they may have one or more adjacent contents or voids, provided that their size and spacing satisfy the standards for a particular area of ​​the cable joint (e.g., Zone 1 or Zone 2).

[0052] Alternatively, there may be several zones, for example, zones 1-4, of which each zone has a different gradient threshold and content or void tolerance threshold, determined by the default setting or an entered setting.

[0053] The simplified examples in Figures 5A to 5C illustrate the complexity of an image processing program that identifies corresponding mark locations within an image to determine whether or not there is content or void within a corresponding cable segment or cable joint.

[0054] Figure 6 shows another example of a process used to inspect cable segments or cable joints.

[0055] In block 602, the processor implementing process 600 is capable of operating to acquire an X-ray image of a cable segment or cable joint. The X-ray image may contain multiple pixels, each of which has a corresponding pixel intensity value.

[0056] In block 604, the processor may apply an image processing algorithm that processes an X-ray image to identify regions within the image, where the identified regions are formed by a set of pixels. For example, the image processing algorithm can operate to utilize the gradient of pixel intensity values ​​when identifying the pixels that define the set of pixels forming the identified region.

[0057] In block 606, the processor is operable to measure the distance of one or more pixels of the set within the identified region along one or more axes. The processor may utilize one or more measurement techniques, such as those discussed with reference to Figures 5A to 5C above. Measurements along each of the one or more axes may be called axial measurements.

[0058] In block 608, the processor can determine whether one or more of the measured distances exceed the content or void tolerance threshold. For example, the processor can compare each of the measured distances with the content or void tolerance threshold. Examples of content or void tolerance thresholds may be 0.091 mm, 0.457 mm, etc. All axial measurements may be evaluated against a single content tolerance threshold (e.g., 0.091 mm). Alternatively, each zone may have its own content or void tolerance threshold, as shown in Figure 5C, for example.

[0059] In block 610, the processor may flag identified areas for further inspection based on whether one or more of the measured distances exceed the content or void tolerance threshold.

[0060] In another example, a detailed inspection may include the processor selecting updated longitudinal and / or updated angular positions for a flagged identified region in a cable segment to acquire another X-ray image. The processor is operable to automatically select the updated longitudinal or updated angular position. For example, if the identified region is in the X-ray image at C and 60 degrees, the processor is operable to select an updated longitudinal position between D and C to take further images, instead of D, C, B, or A. Alternatively or additionally, for example, if the identified region is in the X-ray image at C and 60 degrees, the processor is operable to select an updated angular position between 60 degrees and 0 degrees (and / or between 60 degrees and 120 degrees) to take further images.

[0061] The processor may also be capable of controlling the X-ray camera to acquire another X-ray image at the updated vertical position and / or updated angular position, and processing the other X-ray image to position the identified region within the other X-ray image. Processing of the other X-ray image may include positioning gradient changes in the other X-ray image and confirming that the gradient changes occur at pixel positions on the approximate boundary included in the identified region.

[0062] Figure 7A shows a plan view of an illustrative cable inspection system. The cable inspection system 1100 includes an X-ray cabinet 702, a universal joint 704, a user interface 706, and a shelf 732. The X-ray cabinet 702 is operable to house an X-ray camera, universal joint controls and longitudinal controls (shown in the figure below), a corresponding circuit system, and mechanical elements (e.g., motors, gears, etc.).

[0063] The shelf 732 is shown in a lowered position, and the user interface 706 is positioned on the shelf 732. The X-ray cabinet 702 rotates around the universal joint 704, and the shelf 732 remains stationary.

[0064] Figure 7B shows a side view of an illustrative cable inspection system. The underwater cable inspection system 700 is shown with the shelf 732 in the closed position. The X-ray cabinet 702 rotates according to the bidirectional arrows to position the X-ray camera around the cable / cable fitting. The cable / cable fitting may be positioned within an opening 726 through which the cable segment passes into the cabinet 702.

[0065] Figure 7C shows an illustrative functional block diagram of the cable inspection system shown in Figures 7A and 7B. The underwater cable inspection system 700 may include an X-ray cabinet 702 and a user interface 706. The X-ray cabinet 702 may include an X-ray camera 708 and a positioning device 722. The positioning device 722 may include a universal joint control 712 and a longitudinal control 714, and is operable to position the X-ray camera 708 to acquire an image of a cable or cable joint positioned between the X-ray source 728 and the X-ray detector 730.

[0066] The user interface 706 is operable to control the X-ray camera 708, the universal joint control 712, and the longitudinal control 714. The universal joint control 712 may include (not shown) mechanical components such as gears, motors, and circuit systems, which are operable to rotate the X-ray cabinet 702 and the X-ray camera 708 to acquire images of the cables / cable fittings packed in the X-ray cabinet 702. The rotation of the universal joint 704 is operable to rotate automatically in increments of about 1° within a rotation range of about 0 to 180°. Of course, different increments and different rotation ranges may be selected.

[0067] The user interface 706 may include a processor 710, a display 716, an input device 718, and a memory 720 containing programming code 724. The processor 710 and memory 720 may be a programmable logic controller (PLC) capable of controlling the X-ray source 728 and X-ray detector 730 of the X-ray camera 708. For example, the processor 710 may be capable of driving the programming code 724 to perform the processes, techniques, and functions described herein to provide a cable inspection system.

[0068] The user interface 706 is operable to execute programming code 724 stored in memory 720, which causes the controller to automatically cause the X-ray camera 708 to acquire a series of X-ray images under multiple longitudinal positions and user-defined (or automatically selected) rotation increments to inspect the entire joint and reduce parallax problems. The automated process described with reference to the above example provides unique repeatability by eliminating the need for manual rotation and user interaction. It improves accuracy and accelerates the process.

[0069] The processor 710 may be communicatively coupled to the X-ray camera 708 and the positioning device 722. The memory 720 is coupled to the processor 710 and operationally stores the programming code 724 to control the universal joint controls 712 and 718 of the X-ray camera 708 and the positioning device 722. For example, when the programming code 724 is executed, the processor 710 is operational to drive the positioning device so that the bore diameter of the X-ray camera 708 is positioned on a plurality of selected portions of the underwater cable and to acquire an X-ray image of each of the plurality of selected portions of the underwater cable. The processor 710 is operational to perform various processes described herein.

[0070] In an example of operation, the processor 710 can operate to control the X-ray camera 708 to acquire multiple X-ray images of a cable segment or cable joint. Each X-ray image may be an image of a corresponding longitudinal position and a corresponding angular position of the cable segment or cable joint. The processor 710 can use programming code 724 to process each of the multiple digital images and operate to identify gradient changes in pixel values ​​at corresponding longitudinal positions and angular positions within the X-ray images. The processor 710 can identify gradient changes at corresponding longitudinal positions and angular positions within at least one corresponding X-ray image of each processed X-ray image to determine whether the gradient change in pixel values ​​is at an undesired position within the corresponding X-ray image. The processor 710 can flag the undesired position within at least one corresponding X-ray image. Based on this flag, the processor 710 can select updated longitudinal positions and updated angular positions relative to the undesired position to acquire another X-ray image of the cable segment or cable joint. The X-ray camera 708 can be controlled to acquire another X-ray image of the cable segment or cable joint at the updated longitudinal and updated angular positions. The processor 710 can then use the other X-ray image to perform processing, confirmation, and flagging.

[0071] Different fitting technologies may have different pass / fail criteria for the location where the contents or voids are physically positioned using the contents or voids or the molded area. Fittings may be customized fittings that have proprietary details and pass / fail limits. Programming code 724 may include selectable features that allow customization of the cable and cable fitting contours, enabling the user to add new fitting technologies, without sharing proprietary information with third parties, and to add new cable types as needed. Proprietary details and pass / fail limits can be input to the user interface 706 via input device 718 and stored in memory 720 as settings available to programming code 724.

[0072] Furthermore, the automatic rotation of the X-ray camera 708 can be customized in 1° increments (0 to 180°), allowing selection / deselection of each zone of the cable or cable fitting as needed. Users can customize the X-ray alignment to reduce parallax issues by setting different voltages, shutter speeds, and detector offsets for each zone. The X-ray camera 708 is also configured to provide real-time stream characteristics, allowing for detailed real-time inspection of specific areas of the cable or cable fitting. Its unique alignment features allow the fitting to be left in any position within the cabinet. Using the "Program Management Software," users can design their own presets related to different polymers with different material densities in their specific cables or cable fittings. The presets allow users to set exposure time and high voltage settings on the X-ray camera 708 (similar to a normal visible light camera, e.g., shutter speed, ISO file speed, etc.) according to default values. Furthermore, since the physical size of the third-party connector may differ from that of the default cable connector, the longitudinal position (DCBA position) may also differ. Therefore, the longitudinal control 714 ensures that the X-ray camera 708 is positioned at a customized location. If necessary or requested, the longitudinal control 714 can also be operated to perform longitudinal positioning of the X-ray camera 708 relative to the cable or cable connector. Additionally, the universal joint control 712 enables changes beyond the 0°, 60°, and 120° positions described in the examples of angular positions of images in each series. The user can also select settings used for the gradient threshold and content or void tolerance threshold to identify zones and zone sizes, etc.

[0073] Furthermore, the user may request a customized camera that can also be docked with programmable logic and programming code stored in memory 720 other than the X-ray camera 708. For example, the customized camera may be a camera that images in a spectral region different from X-rays (e.g., infrared).

[0074] The cable inspection system 700 described above may be configured in various different arrangements and can be understood to be not limited to any specific arrangement or to any other arrangement.

[0075] The cable inspection systems described herein can be used on ships, in cable factories, or in other areas requiring such inspection processes, such as development laboratories.

[0076] In other examples, even if the identified region is not completely surrounded by pixels with different pixel intensity values, the processor can operate to identify a region formed by a pair of pixels. For example, contents or voids may be at angles in the image where the boundaries of the contents or voids are obscured and not visible. For example, the identified region is not completely surrounded by pixels with different intensity values ​​or gradients of change that satisfy a threshold gradient change. In response to this, the processor can determine that a particular region of interest can be imaged at additional angular positions (e.g., 0°, 30°, 60°, etc.), which are determined by the cable segment being imaged, etc.

[0077] The limit of the gradient threshold can be varied depending on whether the detection of contents or voids is suspected and on consideration of different materials being imaged. For example, the gradient threshold for voids may be a pixel intensity value indicating overexposure (e.g., 16000) and an underexposure value of 2000 for contents, with polymer boundary layers (on the surface of joints or metal parts) falling somewhere between 2000 and 16000 pixel intensity values.

[0078] The various elements in the devices, apparatus, or systems described above with reference to Figures 1 to 5C and Figures 7A to 7C may include various hardware elements, software elements, or combinations thereof. Examples of hardware elements may include structural components, logic devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits, processors, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.), integrated circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), storage means, logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips, microchips, chipsets, etc. Examples of software elements may include software components, programs, apps, computer programs, applications, system programs, software development programs, device programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, processes, software interfaces, application program interfaces (APIs), command sets, arithmetic codes, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, signs, or any combination thereof.

[0079] This specification discloses novel and unique techniques for improved detection of cables and cable fittings. The scope of this disclosure is not limited to the specific examples described herein. In fact, various other examples and improvements of this disclosure, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and drawings.

[0080] Therefore, other such examples and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, while this disclosure has been described herein in the context of specific embodiments for specific purposes in specific environments, those skilled in the art will recognize that its usefulness is not limited thereto and that this disclosure can be beneficially implemented for any number of purposes in any number of environments. Accordingly, the claims should be interpreted in light of the entire scope and spirit of this disclosure as described herein.

Claims

1. An X-ray cabinet comprising an X-ray camera and a positioning device, wherein the X-ray camera is mounted on a universal joint, and the positioning device is coupled to the universal joint and operable to position the X-ray camera to acquire an X-ray image of a cable or cable joint, A processor that is communicatively coupled to the X-ray camera and the positioning device, The processor is coupled to a memory that is operable to store programming code for controlling the X-ray camera and the positioning device, When the programming code is executed, the processor The positioning device is driven to position the X-ray camera, and X-ray images of multiple selected portions of the cable or cable joint are acquired. An X-ray image is acquired of each of several selected portions of the cable or cable joint, and the X-ray image of each selected portion includes a plurality of pixels of a predetermined size, and each of the plurality of pixels has a pixel intensity value and coordinates within the X-ray image. The pixel intensity values ​​of the plurality of pixels in the X-ray image are processed to identify a bounded region as an identified area within the X-ray image. Based on the number of pixels that formed the identified bounded region, the actual size corresponding to the bounded region in the X-ray image is obtained, In response to the actual size of the identified bounded region being greater than the content or void tolerance threshold, the system is operable to flag the pixel location in the X-ray image for detailed inspection, and to ensure that the flagged pixel location corresponds to a physical location within a selected portion of the cable or cable joint. Obtaining the actual size corresponding to the bounded region includes measuring the distance on one or more axes of the plurality of pixels forming the bounded region, and obtaining the actual distance by multiplying the measured distance by a proportionality constant. Cable and fitting inspection system.

2. When processing the pixel intensity values ​​of multiple pixels in the X-ray image to identify the bounded region, the processor: To determine that a gradient of pixel intensity values ​​exceeding a gradient threshold exists among the pixel sets in the aforementioned X-ray image, The system is capable of performing the following actions: marking the positions of pixels in the X-ray image where the determined gradient of the pixel intensity value exceeds the gradient threshold as edges of the bounded region. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 1.

3. If it is determined that there is a gradient of pixel intensity values ​​exceeding the gradient threshold among the pixel sets in the X-ray image, the processor will The intensity value of the first pixel in the first pixel set within the aforementioned pixel set is compared with the intensity value of the second pixel in the first pixel set. The system is capable of performing the following actions: determining that a gradient exists between the position of the first pixel and the position of the second pixel based on the comparison results showing the difference in their respective intensity values. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 2.

4. When obtaining the actual size corresponding to the identified bounded region, the processor: By performing measurements along at least two orthogonal axes, the size of the region defined at the flagged pixel position can be determined, Comparing the actual size corresponding to the bounded region with the contents or void tolerance threshold, In response to the results of the comparison indicating that the content or void tolerance threshold has been exceeded, the system can be configured to flag the bounded region as content or void, The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 1.

5. The present invention further includes a display device coupled to the processor, The aforementioned processor further, The display device is to display an indication of the location of the contents or void and the size of the contents or void. In response to detecting two or more contents or voids, the system is operable to provide an alternative instruction if the distance between any two of the two or more contents or voids is closer than a predetermined tolerance value. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 1.

6. When obtaining the actual size corresponding to the bounded region, the processor further: The first measurement position is determined by using the coordinates of the first pixel corresponding to the first mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold, As the second measurement position, the coordinates of the second pixel corresponding to the second mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold are used. The device is operable to perform the following actions: measure the distance from the first measurement position to the second measurement position, and determine that the distance from the first measurement position to the second measurement position is measured in the first axial direction. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 4.

7. When obtaining the actual size corresponding to the identified bounded region in the X-ray image, the processor further: As the third measurement position, the coordinates of the third pixel corresponding to the third mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold are selected. As the fourth measurement position, the coordinates of the fourth pixel corresponding to the fourth mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold are selected. The device is operable to perform the following actions: measure the distance from the third measurement position to the fourth measurement position, and determine that the distance from the third measurement position to the fourth measurement position is measured in the second axial direction. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 6.

8. When obtaining the actual size corresponding to the identified bounded region in the X-ray image, the processor further: As the fifth measurement position, the coordinates of the fifth pixel corresponding to the fifth mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold are selected. As the sixth measurement position, the coordinates of the sixth pixel corresponding to the sixth mark position in the X-ray image where the gradient exceeds the gradient threshold are selected. The device is operable to measure the distance from the fifth measurement position to the sixth measurement position, and to ensure that the distance from the fifth measurement position to the sixth measurement position is a third-axis axial measurement along the third axis, and that it is not flush with the axis of the first-axis axial measurement and the axis of the second-axis axial measurement. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 7.

9. The aforementioned processor, The gradient change of the pixel intensity values ​​of multiple pixels in the aforementioned X-ray image is determined, and when the gradient of the pixel intensity values ​​exceeds a gradient threshold, the gradient change is determined. By identifying pixels corresponding to gradient changes in pixel values ​​at the edges of the bounded region, It is operable to identify the aforementioned bounded region. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 1.

10. The aforementioned processor, To determine that the aforementioned X-ray image includes two or more identified bounded regions, Measure the distance between each pair of the two or more identified bounded regions, Regarding the minimum tolerance, evaluate the measured distance between each pair, In response to the measured distance being smaller than the minimum tolerance, the system is operable to flag the X-ray image for further inspection. The cable and joint inspection system according to claim 1.

11. An X-ray cabinet comprising an X-ray camera and a positioning device, wherein the X-ray camera is mounted on a universal joint, and the positioning device is coupled to the universal joint and operable to position the X-ray camera to acquire an X-ray image of a cable or cable joint, A processor that is communicatively coupled to the X-ray camera and the positioning device, A method for operating a cable and joint inspection system comprising: a memory coupled to the processor and operable to store programming code for controlling the X-ray camera and the positioning device; When the aforementioned programming code is executed, The processor drives the positioning device to position the X-ray camera and acquire X-ray images of multiple selected portions of the cable or cable joint. The processor acquires X-ray images of each of a plurality of selected portions of the cable or cable joint, and the X-ray image of each selected portion includes a plurality of pixels of a predetermined size, and each of the plurality of pixels has a pixel intensity value and coordinates within the X-ray image. The processor processes the pixel intensity values ​​of the plurality of pixels in the X-ray image to identify a bounded region as an identified region within the X-ray image, wherein the identified region is formed by a set of pixels. The processor obtains the actual size corresponding to the bounded region in the X-ray image based on the number of pixels that formed the identified bounded region, The processor flags the pixel location in the X-ray image for detailed inspection in response to the actual size of the identified bounded region being greater than the content or void tolerance threshold, and the flagged pixel location corresponds to a physical location within a selected portion of the cable or cable joint. Equipped with, Obtaining the actual size corresponding to the bounded region by the processor includes measuring the distance on one or more axes of the set of pixels within the identified bounded region, and obtaining the actual distance by multiplying the measured distance by a proportionality constant. The process by which the processor flags a pixel location in the X-ray image for detailed inspection in response to the actual size of the identified bounded region being greater than the content or void tolerance threshold includes determining whether one or more of the actual distances exceed the content or void tolerance threshold, and flagging the identified region for detailed inspection based on the fact that one or more of the actual distances exceed the content or void tolerance threshold. method.

12. The aforementioned X-ray image includes a plurality of pixels, and each of the plurality of pixels has a corresponding pixel intensity value. The method according to claim 11.

13. The identified region is indicated by the gradient of the pixel intensity values ​​of the pixels that define the set of pixels forming the identified region. The method according to claim 11.

14. The aforementioned detailed examination was conducted as follows: Selecting updated longitudinal and / or updated angular positions for the flagged identified region in the cable or cable joint, and acquiring another X-ray image; To obtain another X-ray image of the cable or cable joint at the updated vertical position or updated angular position, This includes processing the other X-ray image to position the identified region within the other X-ray image, The method according to claim 11.

15. In response to the above processing, the gradient change in the other X-ray image is positioned, This further includes confirming that the gradient change occurs at the pixel position in the approximate boundary included in the identified region, The method according to claim 14.

16. An X-ray cabinet comprising an X-ray camera and a positioning device, wherein the X-ray camera is mounted on a universal joint, and the positioning device is coupled to the universal joint and operable to position the X-ray camera to acquire an X-ray image of a cable or cable joint, A processor that is communicatively coupled to the X-ray camera and the positioning device, A program including commands for operating a cable and joint inspection system comprising: a memory coupled to the processor and operable to store programming code for controlling the X-ray camera and the positioning device; When the aforementioned command is executed by the processor, the processor will: The positioning device is driven to position the X-ray camera, and X-ray images of multiple selected portions of the cable or cable joint are acquired. An X-ray image is acquired of each of several selected portions of the cable or cable joint, and the X-ray image of each selected portion includes a plurality of pixels of a predetermined size, and each of the plurality of pixels has a pixel intensity value and coordinates within the X-ray image. The process involves processing the pixel intensity values ​​of the plurality of pixels in the X-ray image to identify a bounded region as an identified area within the X-ray image, wherein the identified region is formed by a set of pixels. Based on the number of pixels that formed the identified bounded region, the actual size corresponding to the bounded region in the X-ray image is obtained, In response that the actual size corresponding to the identified bounded region is greater than the content or void tolerance threshold, the pixel location in the X-ray image is flagged for detailed inspection, and the flagged pixel location corresponds to a physical location within a selected portion of the cable or cable joint, Execute, Obtaining the actual size corresponding to the bounded region includes measuring the distance on one or more axes of the set of pixels within the identified bounded region, and obtaining the actual distance by multiplying the measured distance by a proportionality constant. Flagging a pixel location in the X-ray image for detailed inspection in response to the actual size of the identified bounded region being greater than the content or void tolerance threshold means determining whether one or more of the actual distances exceeded the content or void tolerance threshold, and flagging the identified region for detailed inspection based on the fact that one or more of the actual distances exceeded the content or void tolerance threshold. including program.

17. When the aforementioned command is executed by the processor, Multiple X-ray images of the cable or cable joint are acquired, and each X-ray image is an image of the cable or cable joint at a corresponding vertical position and a corresponding angular position, and is formed by multiple pixels having pixel intensity values. The process involves processing each of the multiple X-ray images and identifying the gradient change in the pixel intensity value of the pixels in the X-ray image at the corresponding vertical position and the corresponding angular position. The determination of whether or not a bounded region has been formed as the identified region is made based on the identified gradient change of the pixel intensity values ​​of the plurality of pixels, In response to the confirmation that the bounded region has been formed, the updated vertical position and updated angular position relative to the bounded region are selected to acquire another X-ray image of the cable or cable joint, To obtain another X-ray image of the cable or cable joint at the updated vertical position and updated angular position, The process and determination are performed using the aforementioned other X-ray image to position the gradient change in the aforementioned other X-ray image corresponding to the bounded region, and the following is further performed: L as described in claim 16.

Images