Shell and cannon charge

Abstract

A shell (1) including a housing (10), a stabilizing element (50), in particular a stabilizing disk, and in particular an ignition tube (70), wherein the shell (1) and / or the housing are combustible, the shell (1) extends in a longitudinal direction (L), the housing (10) may in particular include a floor (20), a cover (30) and a leading edge (40), a cavity (12) is formed inside the shell (1), the cavity (12) is designed to receive a propellant, and the cavity (12) is separated by the stabilizing element (50) into a first sub-cavity (14) and a second sub-cavity (16).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a shell, in particular a shell using an injectable charge or an injectable propellant, and to an artillery charge, in particular an artillery charge using an injectable propellant.

Background Art

[0002] Artillery charges are used to accelerate a projectile so that it can reach a target. Accordingly, the artillery charge is also a factor affecting the range of the projectile. Therefore, in order to increase the range of the projectile, it is necessary to increase the amount of propellant in the artillery charge, so as to increase the kinetic energy of the projectile while taking into account other parameters of the weapon. However, the problem with increasing the amount of propellant to extend the range is that the maximum outer diameter of the artillery charge is usually limited by the cannon in which it is used. Accordingly, increasing the range can be achieved either by increasing the length of the shell for the artillery charge or by reducing the diameter of the shell wall, and in either case the amount of propellant increases. In practice, modular shells coupled to each other are usually used for artillery charges. Although modular shells have high stability, they have the disadvantage that the cover portion and the bottom portion collide at the contact point (double wall), resulting in a loss of the maximum usable propellant capacity.

Summary of the Invention

Problem to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to increase the stability of an artillery charge or a shell for an artillery charge.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0004] This objective is achieved by the shell for a cannon charge described in claim 1 and the cannon charge described in claim 15. Advantageous embodiments are shown in the dependent claims, specification and drawings.

[0005] According to the present invention, there is a shell, which advantageously comprises a housing and stabilizing elements, particularly a stabilizing disc and particularly an ignition tube, the shell and / or housing being flammable, the shell being elongated longitudinally, the housing particularly comprising a floor, cover and creading, a cavity formed inside the shell, the cavity being designed to receive propellant, and the cavity being separated into a first subcavity and a second subcavity by the stabilizing elements. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the cavity may also be separated into further subcavities, particularly by further stabilizing elements. This is advantageous, for reasons of stability, particularly when the length of the shell exceeds 1100 mm, and may even be necessary in some cases. Advantageously, the cavity is ranged from the periphery longitudinally by at least the floor and / or cover, and transversely by the creading. The shell is placed inside the gun and helps accelerate the artillery projectile, particularly the artillery shell, by igniting a charge or propellant that can be introduced or placed in the charge space or cavity so that the projectile can leave the gun and reach the target area, in particular by flight or target area. The shell is elongated in the longitudinal direction, which is the direction in which the length of the shell is determined.

[0006] Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the longitudinal direction may be the direction in which the shell has its largest principal dimension. Advantageously, the center of gravity or volumetric center of gravity of the shell is located in the longitudinal direction. Particularly preferably, the shell and / or housing are formed rotationally symmetric with respect to the longitudinal direction, at least in a cross section along the longitudinal direction, to enable easy handling of the shell by the soldier. Furthermore, this method also enables a particularly advantageous mechanical design, as it preferably results in the avoidance or reduction of local stress peaks. Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is the transverse direction in particular. In other words, the transverse direction may refer to the direction radially away from the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, the tangential direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal and / or transverse direction, and the circumferential direction, also called the peripheral direction, is perpendicular to the longitudinal and / or transverse direction. Preferably, the longitudinal, transverse, and circumferential directions form a cylindrical coordinate system with respect to each other, where the longitudinal direction forms the height coordinate, the transverse direction forms the radial coordinate, and the circumferential direction forms the angular coordinate. The shell includes a housing for isolating the interior of the shell or cavity from the environment, and the housing may similarly include a floor, cover, and / or cleaving.

[0007] Each individual component of the housing can be formed by elements or by a group of different elements, individually or in particular integrally. However, to achieve particularly good stabilization, it is especially desirable that the floor and / or cover be formed integrally with the creading or components of the creading. The floor and / or cover define the extent of the shell, particularly in the longitudinal direction, while the creading helps define the extent of the shell, particularly in the lateral direction. Advantageously, the cover is designed as a cap. The interior of the housing is the cavity of the shell, into which a charge or propellant, particularly an injectable propellant, can be introduced. The propellant, through an exothermic reaction, helps to generate acceleration of the projectile for the cannon. Stabilizing elements of the shell can be, in particular, stabilizing discs, which are placed within the cavity. Preferably, the stabilizing elements are positioned to mechanically connect two laterally opposing inner parts of the housing, particularly the creading. In other words, the stabilizing elements can achieve "direct" force transmission between two opposing components of the shell, particularly the inner walls, in a manner similar to mechanical bridging. Direct force transmission means that forces do not necessarily need to be transmitted (exclusively) through the cover or floor, and that force transmission is possible between opposing inner walls of the clinging via one or more stabilizing elements in addition to the floor and cover. Thus, the stabilizing elements advantageously connect opposing components of the clinging, particularly the inner walls or each inner wall, especially in the lateral direction. This clinging may also be called shell clinging. For this purpose, the stabilizing elements or each element are fixed or fastened to the inner walls of the clinging in particular. The fixing of the stabilizing elements can advantageously be done such that the fixing or the fixing area of ​​the stabilizing element is circumferential around the longitudinal direction. In other words, the fixing area or fixing surface or each fixing surface of the stabilizing element can form a self-contained contour around the longitudinal direction. By placing stabilizing elements within the cavity, the cavity is separated into two charge subcavities, specifically a first subcavity and a second subcavity.In other words, the stabilizing element divides the cavity into separate subcavities, which are advantageously connected to each other to the greatest extent possible by passages through the stabilizing element. Dividing the cavity into subcavities with the stabilizing element can achieve vibration damping in particular, and furthermore, can increase the rigidity and mechanical stability of the shell. Preferably, the stabilizing element is a stabilizing disk. With a stabilizing disk, it is understood that the extension of the stabilizing disk, particularly in the lateral direction, is greater in one direction than in the perpendicular direction, particularly in the longitudinal direction.

[0008] Advantageously, the shell includes not just one stabilizing element, but multiple stabilizing elements spaced apart from each other, particularly in the longitudinal direction. The features of the stabilizing elements described above and below can be applied in whole or in part to one, the main part, and / or all of the stabilizing elements. The minimum distance between the cover and / or floor and the nearest stabilizing element (each) in the longitudinal direction is preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 25%, and particularly strongly preferably at least 30% of the maximum longitudinal extension of the shell. In this way, a particularly high increase in the stability of the shell can be achieved by the stabilizing elements or each element. The shell or at least its housing is advantageously flammable. Being flammable means that the components in particular can burn, particularly by exothermic reactions. The shell or housing in particular is fully flammable.

[0009] Advantageously, a shell can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical design means that there is at least one plane of mirror symmetry, the normal of which is parallel to the longitudinal direction. In other words, for example, the upper half of the shell can be formed mirror symmetry with respect to the lower half of the shell. This makes ignition of the charge in the shell's cavity particularly easy and efficient. However, to make handling the shell easier for the soldier, it can also be designed asymmetrically. Asymmetrical design means that there is no plane on which the shell is designed mirror symmetry, particularly parallel to the longitudinal direction.

[0010] Advantageously, the floor and cover are formed similarly. Even more advantageously, all or some, especially two, components of the clinging are formed / manufactured similarly. Specifically, "formed / manufactured similarly" is understood to mean that the parts are formed identically, except for manufacturing deviations. In other words, identical / similarly formed parts can therefore be interchanged with each other without causing geometric changes to the shell, at least in thought. This, in particular, simplifies the manufacturing of the shell and / or its components, and reduces / saves costs.

[0011] Advantageously, the propellant is introduced into the cavity, particularly into the subcavity or the first and / or second subcavity, preferably in an injectable form, particularly in the form of powder or granules. By the injectable form, it is particularly understood that the propellant preferably has a maximum principal dimension, preferably about 10 to about 18 mm, where the maximum principal dimension of the propellant depends, at the discretion of those skilled in the art, on the charge space of the weapon and the projectile weight. As a rule, a larger charge space and / or a heavier projectile weight correlates with a larger particle size of the propellant. In the context of the present invention, the charge space is particularly referred to as or formed by the cavity. Preferably, the diameter and length of the propellant are substantially the same with respect to the selection of the maximum principal dimension. Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the injectable form of the propellant is also understood to mean that the propellant is formed by solid particles, such that the principal extensions of the individual solid particles do not have the same preferred orientation relative to each other. Examples of injectable forms of propellant include charges in powder or granular form. An advantage of injectable forms of propellant powder is, on the one hand, that it allows for easy filling of the shell or cannon charge. However, furthermore, in the case of injectable propellants, it is precisely the use of stabilizing elements that can have a particularly definite effect on the negative stability of the shell or cannon charge. In other words, the use of stabilizing elements according to the present invention is therefore particularly advantageous for shells having injectable forms of propellant.

[0012] The shell according to the present invention may include a propellant. The propellant used may include perforated channels.

[0013] Furthermore, it is preferable that the propellant does not have a rod shape. This refers to a propellant that is essentially about the same length as the shell itself, in particular, including rod-shaped propellants, rod-shaped powders, and explosives having a rod shape. A powder that is essentially about the same length as the shell is understood to have a maximum deviation of 25%, preferably 10%, or less from the length of the shell. Such rod-shaped powders are arranged in bundles, that is, they are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shell and along longitudinal axes that are parallel to each other.

[0014] The shell is preferably about 720 mm and / or about 960 mm and / or about 1300 mm in length. Especially for shells exceeding 700 mm, particularly in forms in which a cannon charge or shell propellant can be injected, the stability of the shell is particularly unstable or low, and therefore it is particularly advantageous to provide stabilizing elements, especially in the form of stabilizing discs. However, when the longitudinal extension of the shell is at least 950 mm or 960 mm, the range of the projectile can be increased particularly well by the shell. Furthermore, when the longitudinal length of the shell is at least 950 mm or at least 1300 mm or 1380 mm, the mechanical stability of the shell can be particularly good by using stabilizing elements within the shell housing.

[0015] Advantageously, the clinging or shell is rotationally symmetric, at least partially, preferably completely, especially with respect to the longitudinal direction. Designing the clinging to be rotationally symmetric, especially with respect to the longitudinal direction, allows for particularly simple manufacturing. Furthermore, the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cavity, also called the charge space, can also be positively affected, resulting in material savings and simultaneously positively impacting the overall stability of the housing.

[0016] Advantageously, the creeding or shell is cylindrical. Preferably, the creeding is designed to be at least perfectly rotationally symmetric, or at least substantially perfectly rotationally symmetric. However, if designed to be substantially perfectly rotationally symmetric, manufacturing may result in some recesses and / or holes in the creeding and / or deviations from perfect rotational symmetry. However, particularly preferably, the creeding is cylindrical, at least partially, and particularly completely. In other words, the creeding, or its or some components of the creeding, can be formed to be cylindrical, at least in cross-section, particularly in cross-section, preferably perfectly. This formation of the creeding's cylindrical shape and / or rotational symmetry can particularly relate to the inner and / or outer walls of the creeding. The cylindrical design of the creeding allows for particularly simple and inexpensive manufacturing. Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the cover and / or floor is formed to be rotationally symmetric, at least in cross-section, preferably perfectly, particularly with respect to the longitudinal direction. This particularly simplifies the manufacturing of the cover and / or floor.

[0017] The stabilizing element should preferably be properly fixed to the creding, particularly the inner wall of the creding. This provides particularly good stabilization. The inner wall, or inner wall, is the wall of the creding that forms the outer boundary of the cavity, particularly when viewed from the side. The stabilizing element is fixed to the creding, particularly by material bonding, such as adhesive and / or welding.

[0018] Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the cover and / or floor can be fixed to the cleiding by material bonding. Using material bonding can provide particularly high mechanical strength and distinct braking characteristics.

[0019] Advantageously, the creading is formed of several / more parts, and in particular the creading includes, advantageously, a bottom creading and a cover creading. The bottom creading is the part of the creading formed in the longitudinal direction, particularly closest to the floor, and the cover creading is the part of the creading formed and / or positioned in the longitudinal direction, particularly closest to the cover. By forming the creading in multiple parts, simplification of manufacturing can be achieved. Furthermore, reinforcement can also be achieved by the multi-part design of the creading and the interrelated connections of the individual components of the creading, and as a result, the stability of the shell can also be improved. It is desirable that the multi-part design of the creading, such as the presence of several components of the creading, defines the extent of the cavity, particularly laterally with respect to the perimeter. However, advantageously, the floor of the cover and / or shell is not counted as a component of the creading. It is particularly advantageous if at least some, and especially preferably all, of the components of the creading are formed so as not to overlap with respect to one of the nearest / adjacent components, particularly in the longitudinal direction. Non-overlapping is understood to mean that the protrusions of (related) components, particularly in the longitudinal direction, do not overlap with each other. By forming the components of a clinging so that one or more components do not overlap with respect to adjacent components of the clinging, material-saving production can be achieved, resulting in a cost-effective shell.

[0020] The clinging or one or all of its components have a wall thickness, which may be constant, and / or may be 2 mm or more, and / or may be 3.5 mm or less. Constant wall thickness is understood to mean that the local wall thickness of the clinging or related components may have a deviation of up to 10% from the average wall thickness of the clinging. By using a constant wall thickness for the wall thickness of at least one, preferably major, and especially preferably all, components of the clinging, particularly cost-effective manufacturing can be achieved. When the wall thickness of the clinging is 2 mm or more (>=2 mm), a particularly good increase in stability can be achieved, and / or at least a certain minimum stability of the shell or its housing or clinging can be achieved. When the wall thickness of the clinging is 3.5 mm or less (<=3.5 mm), the manufacturing of the clinging can be particularly facilitated.

[0021] Advantageously, the stabilizing element has a wall thickness, particularly a constant wall thickness, where the wall thickness of the stabilizing element is 2 mm or more (>=2 mm) and / or 3.5 mm or less (<=3.5 mm). It is particularly preferable when the wall thickness of the stabilizing element corresponds to the wall thickness of the creasing, because this makes it possible to achieve a particularly uniform distribution of mechanical strength. Thus, this makes it possible to avoid, or at least reduce, local weakening of individual components, and thus, for example, the provision of a predetermined fracture point. With respect to the stabilizing element, under a constant wall thickness, the understanding already described for a constant wall thickness of the creasing can be applied in an equivalent manner. When the wall thickness of the stabilizing element is 2 mm or more (>=2 mm), this can provide at least a certain minimum stability. However, when the wall thickness of the stabilizing element is 3.5 mm or less (<=3.5 mm), this can simplify manufacturing, particularly by making the stabilizing element easier to handle.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment, at least two components of the clinging, particularly the bottom clinging and the cover clinging, are mechanically joined to each other via a stabilizing element, particularly by material bonding to the stabilizing element. By joining the two components of the clinging so as to be mechanically joined to each other via a stabilizing element, a particularly compact arrangement and a particularly mechanically stable bond can be achieved between the bottom clinging and the cover clinging. Advantageously, the two components mechanically joined to each other via the stabilizing element are arranged adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction. Mechanical bonding means, in particular, that forces can be transmitted from one component to the next through the joining component. The joining between the two components of the clinging and the stabilizing element can be done particularly by material bonding, which can be advantageously done by adhesive bonding or welding.

[0023] Preferably, the stabilizing element has a mounting area for fixing to or on the clinging, particularly in the form of an external stabilizing projection, particularly planar, and the stabilizing element can be restricted laterally by the mounting area, and / or the mounting area is formed rotationally symmetrically, particularly with respect to the longitudinal direction. By providing a mounting area for fixing to and / or on the clinging, a particularly compact design can be achieved. Advantageously, the mounting area is fixed to the inner wall of the clinging, particularly in a material-bonded manner. This fixing can generally be of a planar shape, and planar fixing is understood to essentially mean that the minimum dimension / main extension of the fixing area is greater than the thickness of the wall it contacts. Particularly mechanically stable fixing can be achieved by such two-dimensional fixing.

[0024] Advantageously, the mounting area limits the stabilization elements to the lateral direction. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly compact and space-saving design for the stabilization elements.

[0025] Preferably, the mounting region is rotationally symmetrical. These features result in particularly simple manufacturing.

[0026] Particularly preferably, the mounting region is formed as a projection, particularly in the longitudinal direction. This can further improve the mechanical stability of the mounting region. Since a projection particularly refers to a region protruding from an adjacent region of an element, advantageously, both the adjacent region and the projection have the same wall thickness and / or the same material. Advantageously, the projection forms an angle with the adjacent region, or is a region at substantially 90°. It is to be understood that a substantially 90° angle means that the maximum deviation from 90° is at most 20°, preferably at most 15°, particularly preferably at most 10°, and particularly most preferably at most 5°. Desirably, the projection according to the present invention has freely tapered edges or a freely tapered end, and the freely tapered end is formed or extends particularly in the projection direction and / or the longitudinal direction. In addition to the freely tapered edges, the projection also particularly has a connecting end connected to the adjacent region, and the connecting end is particularly connected to the adjacent region, therefore, particularly the projection and the adjacent region are integrally formed with each other, and thus particularly form a part of the same element. In particular, the connecting end can be formed with rounded corners. Advantageously, the projection extends over at least 3 times, preferably at least 5 times, the longitudinal material thickness or wall thickness of the element comprising the projection. In other words, the longitudinal dimension of the projection can be at least 3 times, preferably at least 5 times the material thickness or wall thickness of the projection. When the mounting region is formed and provided as a projection, particularly high stability can be achieved.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, the mounting region extends in the longitudinal direction and / or the mounting region is tubular, in particular around the longitudinal direction. Longitudinal extension is understood to mean in particular that the mounting region extends at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction, and advantageously also extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and / or a direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, for example in the orbital direction and / or tangential direction. According to such an embodiment in which the mounting region extends in the longitudinal direction, a particularly compact embodiment can be achieved. With a tubular design of the element, it is basically understood in particular that the element forms a cross-section that is closed on itself, in particular in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In other words, in one possible embodiment, the component completely surrounds the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the tubular design can achieve a particularly high level of stability, since local stress increasing factors, for example in particular protrusions, recesses or breakthroughs, are avoided.

[0028] Advantageously, the mounting region extends at least 10 times, preferably at least 15 times, particularly preferably at least 20 times, most preferably about 25 times, the material thickness or wall thickness of the stabilizing element and / or the leading wall thickness in the longitudinal direction. In this way, a particularly good and simple possibility of two-dimensional fixing can be achieved, and with such an embodiment, the stability of the shell can also be further improved. In this context, extension is understood to mean the projection of the relevant element or component in the relevant direction.

[0029] Preferably, the mounting region has an extension of at least 50 mm, particularly preferably at least 75 mm, in particular in the longitudinal direction. The extension in the control direction is in particular the length of the projection of the mounting region in the control direction, thus in particular in the longitudinal direction. If the mounting region has an extension of at least 50 mm, in particular in the longitudinal direction, particularly good stabilization can thereby be achieved. However, if the extension is at least 75 mm, this can simplify the assembly and handling of the shell, in particular during production.

[0030] Preferably, the ratio of the extension of the mounting area, particularly in the longitudinal direction, to the diameter of the stabilizing element or shell is at least 0.1. Preferably, the ratio is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5. The diameter of the stabilizing element and / or the diameter of the shell is the diameter of a circle that can just enclose the decisive element (stabilizing element or shell), and this circle is located in a plane, particularly in a plane whose normal is parallel to the longitudinal direction. The decisive factors for determining the ratio can be the maximum diameter, the minimum diameter, or the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum diameters. When the ratio is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5, this allows for particularly simple and advantageous shell assembly and stabilization.

[0031] Advantageously, the shell has ignition tubes. Particularly preferably, the ignition tubes extend longitudinally. By providing ignition tubes, rapid and uniform ignition of the propellant in the shell or cannon charge can be enabled. Preferably, the ignition tubes extend over at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, particularly preferably at least 50%, particularly strongly preferably at least 70%, and very strongly preferably at least 95% of the longitudinal extension of the shell. This enables particularly uniform and rapid ignition of the present propellant. Advantageously, the ignition tubes extend longitudinally, and a particularly symmetrical and uniform arrangement or spacing of the ignition tubes with respect to the propellant or cavity charge capacity can be achieved.

[0032] In particular, the stabilizing element has an ignition tube opening, and the ignition tube extends through or can extend through the ignition tube opening. Advantageously, the ignition tube opening can be formed in the form of an inner stabilizing projection, particularly penetrating a central region, and the ignition tube opening can be formed to penetrate and / or surround the stabilizing projection. The stability of the shell can be further increased by providing an opening within the stabilizing element through which the ignition tube extends. Advantageously, the ignition tube contacts the stabilizing element within the ignition tube opening, and / or the ignition tube is fixed to the stabilizing element by material bonding, particularly within the ignition tube opening. Advantageously, the ignition tube opening has a diameter in the range of 20 mm to 40 mm to allow for the secure housing of the ignition tube.

[0033] In advantageous embodiments, the range from the diameter of the ignition tube opening to the diameter of the stabilizing element and / or the diameter of the creding and / or the diameter of the centering element is in the range of 0.12 to 0.25, preferably 0.21 to 0.23. When this ratio is in the range of 0.12 to 0.25, it can result in particularly good stabilization of the ignition tube and / or shell. On the other hand, when the ratio is in the range of 0.21 to 0.23, it can result in particularly easy and quick assembly of the ignition tube. Within the specified limits, both can ensure excellent stability and, at the same time, allow the ignition jet to spread very well.

[0034] Advantageously, the ignition tube opening is formed through a central region, and the ignition tube leans against the central region, particularly in planar, and / or the central region and / or the ignition tube opening opens such that they are rotationally symmetric, particularly with respect to the longitudinal direction. It can be particularly preferred if the ignition tube opening and / or the central region is formed by a projection. By providing a central region, particularly good stabilization and centering of the ignition tube and / or shell can be achieved. The rotationally symmetric design of the central region, particularly with respect to the longitudinal direction, can be particularly easily manufactured.

[0035] In certain embodiments, the diameter of the ignition tube opening can be widened in proportion to the diameter of the ignition tube. This allows, in particular, existing centering elements to be pressed in by their central projections, and the walls of this region are preferably at least partially adjacent to each other. This is especially preferable when the shell includes two centering elements, one at each end.

[0036] In advantageous embodiments, the central region extends longitudinally and / or is tubular, particularly around its longitudinal direction. In this context, extending longitudinally can be understood to mean that the central region extends at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction, and / or preferably also extends in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and / or perpendicular to the transverse direction, particularly in the circumferential and / or tangential directions. In this way, a particularly compact and space-saving design of the central region can be achieved. On the other hand, if the central region is tubular, this can result in a particularly mechanically stable design. Preferably, the design of the central region or any tubular region can be cylindrical and / or conical, particularly in cross-section, and the axis of rotational symmetry of the tubular cross-section can be located particularly along the longitudinal direction.

[0037] Advantageously, the central region has an extension of at least 20 mm to 50 mm, preferably at least 30 mm to 40 mm, particularly in the longitudinal direction. The extension is again understood as the length of the projection in the direction of the extension of the central region, particularly in the longitudinal direction. If the central region has an extension of at least 20 mm to 50 mm, this can provide particularly good stabilization of the ignition tube and / or shell. However, if the extension is at least 30 mm to 40 mm, this can result in a reduced shell wall thickness and / or increased length, particularly compared to conventional shells, thus allowing for the addition of more propellant and / or improved shell stability.

[0038] The ratio of the extension of the central region to the diameter of the stabilizing element and / or the diameter of the centering element and / or the diameter of the creding, particularly in the longitudinal direction, is preferably in the range of 0.12 to 0.34, more preferably in the range of 0.18 to 0.31. When the ratio is in the range of 0.12 to 0.34, particularly good stabilization of the ignition tube and / or shell can be achieved. However, when this ratio is in the range of 0.18 to 0.31, it facilitates the assembly of the ignition tube and the manufacturing of the central region.

[0039] Advantageously, the stabilizing element is formed integrally. "Integratedly" is understood to mean that the stabilizing element or critical element is not formed by several joined components. By providing the stabilizing element as integral, its stability can be increased, and thereby the stability of the shell can also be increased.

[0040] Advantageously, the stabilizing element has a coupling region, particularly in the form of a disk region or disk region, which can be planar or planar, and / or the coupling region mechanically connects a central region, also called a support region, to a mounting region, and / or the coupling region is formed laterally between the central region and the mounting region. Planar design means that the extension of the region is located between two (virtual) planes, these two planes are parallel to each other, and the distance between these two planes is at most 1.5 times, preferably at most 1.3 times, and especially strongly preferably at most 1.2 times, the material thickness and / or wall thickness of the planar region. The material thickness can thus correspond to the wall thickness if the wall is formed by a layer of material. By designing the stabilizing element such that the coupling region is planar, the same can be manufactured particularly easily, and tensile forces can be transmitted particularly easily and reliably. By connecting the central region to the mounting region via the coupling region, a particularly compact and simple design of the stabilizing element can be achieved, and as a result, costs can be reduced. Furthermore, by designing the coupling region to be positioned laterally between the central region and the mounting region, the compactness of the stabilization element can be increased, making it easier to design the stabilization element even for small-caliber weapons or shells.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the stabilizing element, its centering portion and / or lateral projections extend in only one direction perpendicular to the stabilizing hole plate. In other words, the centering portion and lateral projections can extend in the same direction, and in particular, they can extend in both positive and negative longitudinal directions.

[0042] In alternative embodiments of the stabilizing element, its centering portion and / or lateral projections extend in opposite directions, particularly perpendicular to the region connecting the centering portion and the lateral projections. In other words, the centering portion can thus extend in the negative longitudinal direction and the lateral projections can extend in the positive longitudinal direction, or vice versa.

[0043] Preferably, the stabilizing element has a gas passage opening that allows gas exchange between at least two subcavities of the cavity separated by the stabilizing element, particularly between the first subcavity and the second subcavity, through the glass passage opening. This can enable particularly good and uniform combustion or homogeneous ignition of the charge or propellant placed in the first subcavity and / or the second subcavity. In particular, the gas passage opening may have a circular, particularly elliptical, or circular cross-section to facilitate its manufacture. Furthermore, such a design can also prevent or at least minimize crack formation.

[0044] In advantageous embodiments, the gas passage opening is located within a coupling region, and moreover, exclusively within a coupling region. This allows for particularly simple manufacturing and enables particularly short extensions of the gas passage opening, thereby enabling particularly rapid, simple, and efficient gas exchange.

[0045] Preferably, the ratio of the average diameter of the propellant, particularly in an injectable form, to the diameter of the gas passage opening is in the range of 1.1 to 3.0, preferably 1.5 to 2.5. The average diameter of the propellant is the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum diameters or main dimensions of the individual charge elements or particles of the propellant. Advantageously, the average of 100 measurements or quantitative values ​​of the arithmetic mean of the diameters is deterministic of the determination of the average diameter. On the other hand, the diameter of the gas passage opening is the diameter of the smallest possible circle that can (individually) surround the gas passage opening, and this circle is advantageously located in a plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. This allows for effective fixing of the propellant in each subcavity when the ratio is in the range of 1.5 to 3.0. However, when the ratio is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5, this simplifies the fabrication of the stabilizing elements and / or gas passage openings.

[0046] Preferably, the gas passage opening extends in the longitudinal direction. The path or direction of the gas passage opening is, in particular, from one end of the gas passage opening to the other end of the gas passage opening. By providing the gas passage opening to extend in the longitudinal direction, it is possible to provide a particularly short gas passage path, thereby reducing fluid resistance during gas passage.

[0047] Advantageously, when the stabilizing element is projected onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the area ratio formed by the projection of gas passage openings is in the range of 5% to 15%, preferably 8% to 12%, and particularly preferably about 9% to 11%. In other words, when the stabilizing element is viewed longitudinally, 5% to 15%, preferably 8% to 12%, and particularly preferably about 9% to 11% of the visible area of ​​the stabilizing element can be formed by gas passage openings. When the area ratio is in the range of 5% to 15%, a particularly advantageous and simple possibility for gas passage through the stabilizing element is realized. On the other hand, when the area ratio is in the range of 8% to 12%, a particularly high stabilizing effect of the stabilizing element can be obtained. When the area ratio of all gas passage openings is in the range of about 9% to 11%, very good stability is achieved, especially in relation to the area provided to the stabilizing element, coupled with very high gas permeability.

[0048] Advantageously, the floor, cover and / or the creading, or one of the components of the creading, is manufactured from the same material as the stabilizing elements. This allows the shell to be manufactured, particularly cost-effectively. It is especially desirable that the shell elements are made of the same material as the stabilizing elements and are in contact with and / or bonded to the stabilizing elements on their surfaces. This method can avoid or at least reduce stress concentrations, particularly those induced by heat. This is especially advantageous when used in particularly hot and / or cold regions, such as continental climates or deserts where the temperature difference between summer and winter is particularly extreme.

[0049] Advantageously, at least one component of the floor, cover, and / or the creeping, or the creeping and / or stabilizing element, is made of nitrocellulose and / or cellulose, particularly in a ratio of 80:20 to 50:50. Optionally, the shell may include a binder resin or PU impregnation, preferably at least on its outer surface. In this embodiment, the ratio of the total amount of nitrocellulose + cellulose to the total amount of binder resin + polyurethane is preferably 95:5 to 80:20. Also preferably, a stabilizer is added at a concentration of 0.5% to 3%, based on the total content of the other components. Optionally, an erosion-reducing additive may be used at an additive concentration of 5% to 15%. Such material selection can further increase the stability of the shell in particular.

[0050] The shell has at least one centering element, in particular a centering disc, which is preferably positioned to center the ignition pipe. In this way, the precise position of the ignition pipe can be better determined. Centering means that the centering element supports and / or holds the ignition pipe in its position, in particular one of its distal ends. The centering element holds or centers the ignition pipe such that the centered portion of the ignition pipe, in particular one of the distal end portions of the ignition pipe, is positioned longitudinally. Thus, each centering element or centering disc is useful in achieving centering of the ignition pipe or the distal end of the ignition pipe to the shell. However, alternatively or additionally, preferably, the centering disc can also stabilize the shell. To ensure stability, it is advantageous that the centering disc or each centering disc is fixed to the floor or cover, respectively. This fixing can be done in particular by material bonding.

[0051] Preferably, at least one centering element is positioned in the floor area or the cover area. Particularly preferably, the shell has at least one centering element in the floor area and one centering element in the cover area. The cover area is a region of the shell that is longitudinally separated from the cover by a maximum of 15%, preferably 10%, and especially preferably 5%, of the maximum longitudinal extent of the shell. Similarly, the floor area is a region that is longitudinally separated from the floor by a maximum of 15%, preferably 10%, and especially preferably 5%, of the maximum longitudinal extent of the shell.

[0052] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one centering element has a centering portion, particularly a centering projection, the centering portion being partially surrounded by an ignition tube, and / or the ignition tube being in contact with and / or mechanically coupled to the centering portion. In the form of a centering portion, particularly a centering projection, the stability of the shell can be further enhanced. The centering projection is a projection that extends particularly in the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, the centering projection or centering portion is rotationally symmetric with respect to the longitudinal direction. This allows for a particularly good and simple centering effect of the centering element.

[0053] Advantageously, not only does one centering element possess some or all of the preceding or succeeding features, but all centering elements, particularly each centering element within the cover area and the floor area, also possess these features.

[0054] In an advantageous embodiment, the centering portion has a central opening. In other words, the centering portion or centering projection can be continuous in its region when viewed in isolation. In this way, particularly good accessibility can be achieved in the longitudinal direction of the ignition tube, especially the distal end of the ignition tube.

[0055] Advantageously, the ignition tube is attached to the centering section by material bonding, particularly at its distal end in the longitudinal direction. This allows for particularly good centering and support effects of the ignition tube by the centering element.

[0056] The centering portion is preferably longitudinally extended and / or longitudinally projected, particularly with respect to adjacent components of the centering element. In this way, a particularly compact and space-saving design of the centering portion can be achieved, while nevertheless increasing the moment of inertia of the region.

[0057] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal projection of the centering portion and the ignition tube overlap longitudinally by at least 10 mm, preferably at least 15 mm. The overlap of the projection is understood to mean that the projection has an overlapping region, particularly in the direction in which it is authorized, particularly in the longitudinal direction. This overlapping region has an extension of at least 10 mm, preferably at least 15 mm, particularly in the longitudinal direction. Thus, the overlapping region, in other words, includes the projections of both the centering portion and the ignition tube. If the overlap has a size of at least 10 mm in the relevant direction, particularly in the longitudinal direction, this allows for particularly simple assembly. On the other hand, if the overlap is at least 15 mm, a particularly stable mechanical connection of the ignition tube can be achieved.

[0058] Preferably, at least one centering element has a lateral projection, in particular a lateral centering projection, which may extend longitudinally and may be fixed to the bottom, cover and / or creading. More preferably, the lateral projection defines the lateral boundary of the centering disc. In particular, this lateral projection can help fix the lateral position of the centering element, thereby the lateral projection can be a lateral centering projection. By providing a lateral projection, the stability of the shell can be further increased, particularly by increasing the moment of inertia of the surface. To securely fix the lateral projection or the centering element, it should be fixed to the bottom, cover and / or creading, in particular by material bonding, such as welding or adhesive.

[0059] In advantageous embodiments, the lateral projections and the projections of the clinging overlap by a range of at least 10 mm, preferably 20 mm to 30 mm, particularly in the longitudinal direction. When the overlap is at least 10 mm, particularly good stabilization can be achieved. On the other hand, when the overlap is in the range of 20 mm to 30 mm, the manufacturing or assembly of the lateral projections, particularly on the clinging, can be made easier.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, at least one centering element is bounded laterally by its / one lateral projection. This effectively increases the moment of inertia of the surface, thus achieving a particularly good increase in the stability of the centering element. Alternatively or additionally, crack formation at the distal end of the centering element in the lateral direction can be prevented or minimized, which also contributes to increasing the stability of the shell and / or the centering element.

[0061] Preferably, the lateral projections extend in the longitudinal direction and / or are formed tubularly, particularly with respect to the longitudinal direction. By extending the lateral projections in the longitudinal direction, particularly good mountability can be achieved, especially planar fixing of the lateral projections with respect to the clinging and / or cover and / or bottom. Furthermore, as a result, the moment of inertia of the region can also be further increased. On the other hand, if the lateral projections are tubular, particularly with respect to the longitudinal direction, this can also enhance stability, particularly by preventing cracks, and as a result, such a design can improve the overall mechanical integrity or mechanical stability of the shell.

[0062] Preferably, the ratio of the minimum distance of a stabilizing element to the floor and / or cover in the longitudinal direction to the maximum extension of the shell in the longitudinal direction is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6. The ratio described above can thus relate to individual stabilizing elements, the majority of the provided stabilizing elements, and / or all of the stabilizing elements. In other words, the longitudinal distance of a stabilizing element to the floor and / or cover can be within a certain range. The distance of particular interest is the minimum or maximum distance that an element or component of a stabilizing element has with respect to the floor and / or cover. This allows for particularly uniform load distribution within the cavity when the ratio is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7. However, when the ratio is in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, this can further enhance the stability of the shell.

[0063] Preferably, the projections of one or all stabilizing elements and / or one or all centering elements (considered for each element or all elements) are formed to be aligned longitudinally. Alignment is understood to mean that, in particular, the projections of individual elements or components either all extend in the positive direction or all extend in the negative direction. In other words, in an aligned formation, all projections may be oriented, for example, away from the cover, or all projections may be oriented toward the cover. By forming one or more centering elements or one or more stabilizing elements in the same direction, skew bending or asymmetric loading can be reduced or prevented.

[0064] The mounting area of ​​the stabilizing element is preferably a longitudinal extension that is longer than the central area of ​​the stabilizing element. This is due in particular to the fact that the mounting area of ​​the stabilizing element is subjected to significantly greater loads than the central area. Advantageously, the ratio of the length of the central area in the longitudinal direction to the length of the mounting area in the longitudinal direction is within the range of 0.25 to 0.7. This also means that the mounting area can safely provide additional force, in particular, to support or center the spark pipe.

[0065] Further embodiments of the present invention may relate to a cannon charge. Advantageously, the cannon charge includes a shell, as described above and below. Advantageously, the propellant, in particular the injected propellant, is present in the cavities of the shell, in particular the first subcavity and the second subcavity. In other words, the cavities, the first subcavity and / or the second subcavity can be filled with propellant.

[0066] Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the figures. Thus, individual features of the illustrated embodiments can also be adopted by other embodiments unless expressly excluded. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0067] [Figure 1] A cross-sectional view of the shell in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. [Figure 2] Detailed cross-sectional view of the shell's stabilization elements. [Figure 3] Detailed cross-sectional view of the shell's centering element. [Figure 4] A shell equipped with a continuous ignition tube. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0068] Figure 1 shows shell 1. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view, and the cross-section is defined by the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction Q. The longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction Q are perpendicular to each other.

[0069] The shell 1 includes a housing 10, which defines the extent of the interior of the shell 1 or the cavity 12 with respect to its periphery. The housing 10 has a floor 20 and a cover 30. The floor 20 and the cover 30 each define the extent of the shell 1 in the longitudinal direction L. For stability reasons, the floor 20 is integrally formed with the creading 40. On the other hand, the cover 30 is fixed to the creading 40, in particular the cover creading 44, by material bonding. The creading 40 defines the lateral boundary Q of the shell 1. The creading 40 has the cover creading 44 facing the cover 30. The cover creading 44 is mechanically coupled to the bottom creading 42 via a stabilizing element 50. Both the bottom creading 42 and the cover creading 44 have a constant creading wall thickness d40.

[0070] The stabilizing element 50 is formed as a stabilizing disc and is fixed to the shell 40, i.e., to both the cover shell 44 and the floor shell 42, by material bonding via its mounting region 52, which is formed as an outer stabilizing projection. As already described, the mounting region 52 extends in the longitudinal direction L and is formed as a projection in the longitudinal direction L. Furthermore, the mounting region 52 restricts the stabilizing element 50 in the lateral direction Q. In order to achieve particularly advantageous stabilization of the shell 1, the mounting region 52 of the stabilizing element 50 is formed tubular with respect to the longitudinal direction L and rotationally symmetric with respect to the longitudinal direction L.

[0071] The stabilizing element 50 separates the cavity 12 into a first sub-cavity 14 and a second sub-cavity 16.

[0072] To accommodate the ignition tube 70 extending in the longitudinal direction L of the shell 1, the stabilizing element 50 is provided with an ignition tube opening 54. This ignition tube opening 54 is formed by or surrounded by a central region 56, which is formed as an inner stabilizing projection. The central region 56 is formed as a projection formed in the longitudinal direction L. The central region 56 supports the ignition tube 70, which is fixed to the central region 56 by material bonding.

[0073] A planar bonding region 58, formed as a disc-shaped region of the integrated stabilizing element 50, extends in the lateral direction Q between the mounting region 52 and the central region 56.

[0074] To achieve centering of the ignition tube 70, the shell 1 has a centering element 80 in the floor region. The centering element 80 is fixed to the floor 20 by material bonding, as well as to the bottom reeding 42. To improve the centering of the ignition tube 70, the centering element 80 has a centering portion 82, which in the provided example is a centering projection 82. This centering projection 82 is also formed as a projection in the longitudinal direction L. To achieve particularly good and precise positioning of the centering element 80, the latter has a lateral projection 86 in its distal end region in the lateral direction Q, which is also formed as a projection in the longitudinal direction L. Through this lateral projection 86, the centering element 80 is bonded to the bottom reeding 42 by material bonding, and the bottom reeding 42 is integrally formed with the floor 20. To facilitate ignition of the ignition tube 70, the centering element 80 has a central opening 84 formed in the lateral direction Q via the centering projection 82.

[0075] Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the shell 1 in the region of the stabilizing element 50. The stabilizing element 50 has two projections formed in the same direction. This unidirectional design of the projections of the stabilizing element 50 is advantageous (but not exclusively) when the stabilizing element 50 has an assembly region 52 as well as a central region 56 in the form of projections in the longitudinal direction L.

[0076] As illustrated in Figure 2, it is desirable that the mounting region 52 has a longer extension in the longitudinal direction L than the central region 56.

[0077] To achieve a mechanical connection between the central region 56 and the mounting region 52, the stabilizing element 50 has a connecting region 58 formed as a disk region in the illustrated example. The stabilizing element 50 has a constant wall thickness d50.

[0078] To provide a gas passage through the stabilizing element 50, the latter has a gas passage opening 59 that extends in the longitudinal direction L. Thus, gas exchange takes place between the two charge subspaces of the cavity 12, particularly the first subcavity 14 and the second subcavity 16, through the gas passage opening 59.

[0079] Furthermore, the stabilizing element 50 helps to provide a mechanical connection between the floor clinging 42 and the cover clinging 44, and both of these elements have a constant clinging wall thickness d40.

[0080] Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the floor region of the shell 1. In the floor region of the shell 1, a centering element 80 is arranged in the lateral direction Q, characterized by lateral protrusions 86. The centering element 80 has a centering portion 82 in its central region, and a central opening 84 is provided within the centering portion 82.

[0081] The distal end of the ignition tube 70 in the longitudinal direction L is located on the outer circumference of the centering portion 82. In particular, to achieve a mechanically resilient design, the centering element 80 is fixed to the base portion 20 by material bonding. To facilitate ignition of the ignition tube 70, the base portion 20 has an opening that allows access from the periphery to the central opening 84 or the interior of the centering projection 82.

[0082] Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the shell 1 in which the ignition pipe 70 is a continuous design. Thus, both distal ends of the ignition pipe 70 are coupled in each case to a centering element 80, particularly a centering portion 82 of the centering element 80, in each case, especially in the longitudinal direction L. The centering portion 82 extends in each case within the ignition pipe 70 such that the ignition pipe 70 and the centering element 80 overlap. A stabilizing element 50 is positioned between each centering element 80, and the ignition pipe 70 is guided through the ignition pipe opening 54 of the stabilizing element 50. To achieve high stability, the stabilizing element 50 is coupled to the creding 40 by material bonding via a mounting region 52 formed as an external stabilizing projection. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0083] 1 - Shell 10 - Housing 12 - Cavity 14 - First sub-cavity 16 - Second sub-cavity 20 - Floor 30 - Cover, especially cap 40 - Cleeding 42 - Bottom cleaving 44 - Cover part cleaning 50 - Stabilizing element 52 - mounting area, especially the outer stabilizing projection 54 - Ignition tube opening 56 - Central region, especially the medial stabilizing projection 58 - Combined area, especially disk area 59 - Gas passage opening 70 - Ignition tube 80 - Centering elements, especially centering disks 82 - Centering section, especially the centering projection 84 - central opening 86 - Lateral projections, especially lateral centering projections 90 - Propellant d40 - Cleaning wall thickness d50 - Wall thickness of stabilizing element (50) L - Longitudinal direction Q - Lateral

Claims

1. A shell (1) comprising a housing (10), a stabilizing element (50), and in particular a stabilizing disc and, in particular a spark plug (70), The aforementioned shell (1) extends in the longitudinal direction (L), The housing (10) may include a floor (20), a cover (30), and a cleating (40). A cavity (12) is formed inside the shell (1), The cavity (12) is designed to receive propellant, The cavity (12) is separated by the stabilizing element (50) into at least a first subcavity (14) and a second subcavity (16). The aforementioned shell (1) is flammable. Shell (1).

2. The clinging (40) or the shell is at least partially rotationally symmetric or cylindrical with respect to the longitudinal direction (L). The shell (1) according to claim 1.

3. The stabilizing element (50) is fixed to the clinging (40). The shell (1) according to claim 1.

4. The aforementioned creading (40) is formed of multiple parts, The aforementioned cleaving (40) includes bottom cleaving (42) and cover cleaving (44). The shell (1) according to claim 1.

5. The stabilizing element (50) has a mounting area (52) in the form of an external stabilizing projection for fixing it over a region with respect to the creding (40), The stabilizing element (50) is limited to the lateral direction (Q) by the mounting area (52). The shell (1) according to claim 1.

6. The mounting area (52) is formed rotationally symmetric with respect to the longitudinal direction (L). The shell (1) according to claim 5.

7. The mounting area (52) is formed as a projection in the longitudinal direction (L). The shell (1) according to claim 5.

8. The mounting area (52) is tubular in shape around its longitudinal direction (L). The shell (1) according to claim 5.

9. The ignition tube (70) extends in the longitudinal direction (L), The shell (1) according to claim 1.

10. The stabilizing element (50) has an ignition pipe opening (54), The ignition pipe (70) extends through the ignition pipe opening (54), The shell (1) according to claim 5.

11. The ignition tube opening (54) is formed by a central region (56) in the form of an inner stabilizing projection. The shell (1) according to claim 10.

12. The ignition tube (70) is advantageously supported in a planar manner by the central region (56), and / or The central region (56) and / or the ignition tube opening (54) are formed rotationally symmetric with respect to the longitudinal direction (L). The shell (1) according to claim 11.

13. The central region (56) is tubular, and is tubular around its longitudinal direction (L). The shell (1) according to claim 11.

14. The stabilizing element (50) has a coupling region (58) which is a disk region, The bonding region (58) is planar and / or The coupling region (58) mechanically connects the central region (56) to the mounting region (52), and / or The connecting region (58) is formed in the lateral direction (Q) between the central region (56) and the mounting region (52), The shell (1) according to claim 11.

15. A cannon charge comprising a shell (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, The cavity, comprising a first subcavity (14) and a second subcavity (16), contains a propellant, which is an injectable propellant. Cannon charge.

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