Instructions for frequency domain compensation coefficients in reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted sensing

Abstract

The first network node may be configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the sets of resources is associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The wireless device may be configured to receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal. The wireless device may be configured to transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The first network node may be configured to transmit the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The wireless device may be configured to receive and forward the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001]

[0001] This disclosure relates in general to communication systems, and more particularly to reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) systems.

[0002] introduction

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems can employ multiple access technologies that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003]

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An exemplary telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the ongoing evolution of mobile broadband, announced by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (for example, for the Internet of Things, IoT), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE®) standard. Further improvements are needed in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and the telecommunications standards that employ them. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0004]

[0004] Hereinafter, a simplified outline of one or more embodiments is presented to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments. This outline is not a comprehensive overview of all embodiments that have been conceived. This outline does not identify the main or important elements of all embodiments, nor does it define the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present in a simplified form some concepts of one or more embodiments as an introduction to the more detailed descriptions that will be presented later.

[0005]

[0005] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus in a first network node are provided. The apparatus may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device. Based on the configuration of the set of resources, the apparatus may transmit at least one detection signal.

[0006]

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus in a wireless device are provided. The apparatus may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angles of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angles of the wireless device. Based on the configuration, the apparatus may transmit an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. Based on the set of resources, the apparatus may receive and transmit at least one sensing signal.

[0007]

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus in a second network node are provided. The apparatus may receive instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device. The apparatus may receive at least one sensing signal via a wireless device. Based on instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources, the apparatus may perform sensing operations for at least one sensing signal.

[0008]

[0008] To achieve the above and related objectives, one or more embodiments include features that are fully described below and, in particular, indicated in the claims. The following description and drawings detail specific exemplary features of one or more embodiments. However, these features represent only a small number of the various ways in which the principles of the various embodiments can be employed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1]

[0009] This figure shows an example of a wireless communication system and access network. [Figure 2A]

[0010] This figure shows an example of the first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B]

[0011] This figure shows an example of a DL channel within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 2C]

[0012] This figure shows an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 2D]

[0013] This figure shows an example of a UL channel within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 3]

[0014] This figure shows an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) within an access network. [Figure 4]

[0015] This figure shows examples of RISs configured to receive and transmit one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A]

[0016] This figure shows examples of RISs configured to receive and transmit one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node in relation to obstacles, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B]

[0017] This figure shows examples of RISs configured to receive and transmit one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 5C]

[0018] This figure shows examples of RISs configured to receive and transmit one or more signals from one network node to another via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 6]

[0019] This is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 7]

[0020] This is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, wherein the first and second network nodes are configured to communicate directly with each other. [Figure 8]

[0021] This is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 9]

[0022] This is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, wherein the first and second network nodes are configured to communicate directly with each other. [Figure 10]

[0023] An alternative connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, wherein the first and second network nodes are configured to communicate directly with each other. [Figure 11]

[0024] This is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit detection signals from one network node to another via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 12]

[0025] This is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and transmit detection signals from one network node to another via a target object, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13]

[0026] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 14]

[0027] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 15]

[0028] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 16]

[0029] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 17]

[0030] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 18]

[0031] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 19]

[0032] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 20]

[0033] This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. [Figure 21]

[0034] This figure shows an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary device and / or network entity. [Figure 22]

[0035] This figure shows an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary network entity. [Figure 23]

[0036] This figure shows an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary network entity. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010]

[0037] When reflecting signals using wireless devices such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient at each meta-element can vary with frequency. These amplitude and phase reflection coefficients are sometimes referred to as frequency-based characteristics. Such frequency-based characteristics can interfere with propagation delay and target object distance estimation, and if not considered, can reduce estimation accuracy. A wireless device may estimate frequency-based characteristics for each of a set of sensing signal resources based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of each sensing signal resource in the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of each sensing signal resource in the wireless device. A sensing signal receiver can improve the accuracy of its detection by detecting a set of sensing signal resources using the estimated frequency-based characteristics for each of the set of sensing signal resources.

[0011]

[0038] The "modes for carrying out the invention" described below in relation to the attached drawings are intended to illustrate various configurations and do not represent the only configuration that can implement the concepts described herein. The "modes for carrying out the invention" include specific details intended to provide a complete understanding of the various concepts. However, these concepts can be implemented without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagrams to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0012]

[0039] Several embodiments of telecommunications systems are presented with reference to various devices and methods. These devices and methods are described in the following “Modes for Carrying Out the Invention” and are shown in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “Elements”). These Elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such Elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0013]

[0040] For example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements, can be implemented as a “processing system” comprising one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, shall be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0014]

[0041] Accordingly, in one or more exemplary embodiments, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. Where implemented in software, these functions may be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable medium includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium accessible by a computer. Examples of such computer-readable media include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM®), optical disk storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of computer-readable media types, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0015]

[0042] While this application describes embodiments, implementations, and / or use cases by example, additional or different embodiments, implementations, and / or use cases may occur in many different configurations and scenarios. The embodiments, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging configurations. For example, embodiments, implementations, and / or use cases may occur through integrated chip implementations and other non-modular component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). Some embodiments may or may not specifically address use cases or applications, but a wide range of combinations of the embodiments described may be applicable. The embodiments, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described embodiments and features may also include additional components and features for the implementations and practices of the claimed and described embodiments. For example, wireless signal transmission and reception necessarily involve several components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors (one or more), interleavers, adders / analog adders, etc.). The technologies described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed, aggregated, or non-aggregated configurations, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0016]

[0043] The deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems can be configured in multiple ways using various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network equipment such as network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or base stations (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functions, can be implemented in an aggregated or unaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or monolithic BS) or an unaggregated base station.

[0017]

[0044] Aggregated base stations may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Non-aggregated base stations may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some embodiments, CUs may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with CUs or, alternatively, geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of CUs, DUs, and RUs may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0018]

[0045] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functions. For example, non-aggregated base stations may be used in integrated access backhaul (IAB) networks, open radio access networks (O-RAN, such as network configurations supported by the O-RAN Alliance), or virtualized radio access networks (vRAN, also known as cloud radio access networks, or C-RAN). Non-aggregation may include distributing functions across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which can allow for flexibility in network design. Various units of a non-aggregated base station, or a non-aggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0019]

[0046] Figure 100 shows an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a non-aggregated base station architecture. The non-aggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more isolated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both). The CUs 110 can communicate with one or more DUs 130 via their respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 130 can communicate with one or more RUs 140 via their respective fronthaul links. The RU140 can communicate with each UE104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE104 may be serviced simultaneously by multiple RU140s.

[0020]

[0047] Each of the units, namely CU110, DU130, RU140, and the quasi-RT RIC125, non-RT RIC115, and SMO framework 105, includes, or may be coupled to, one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) over a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of a unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units over a transmission medium. For example, a unit may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wired transmission medium. In addition, a unit may include a wireless interface which may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), and the wireless interface may be configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, to one or more of the other units over a wireless transmission medium.

[0021]

[0048] In some embodiments, the CU110 may host one or more higher-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU110. The CU110 may be configured to handle user plane functions (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane, CU-UP), control plane functions (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane, CU-CP), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU110 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as the E1 interface. CU110 may be implemented to communicate with DU130 as needed for network control and signaling.

[0022]

[0049] The DU130 may correspond to a logic unit containing one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU140s. In some embodiments, the DU130 may host one or more of the following, at least in part, depending on a functional decomposition such as that defined by 3GPP: a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) coding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, etc.). In some embodiments, the DU130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU130, or with control functions hosted by the CU110.

[0023]

[0050] Lower-layer functions may be implemented by one or more RU140s. In some deployments, RU140s controlled by DU130s may correspond to logical nodes hosting RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, at least partially based on functional partitioning such as lower-layer functional partitioning. In such architectures, RU(s)140s may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UE104s. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time modes of control and user-plane communication with RU(s)140s may be controlled by the corresponding DU130s. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable DU(s)130s and CU110s to be implemented in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0024]

[0051] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU110, DU130, RU140, and quasi-RT RIC125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware embodiments of the 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via the O1 interface. Furthermore, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RU140s via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0025]

[0052] Non-RT RIC115 may be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in quasi-RT RIC125. Non-RT RIC115 may be coupled to quasi-RT RIC125 or communicate with quasi-RT RIC125 (e.g., via the A1 interface). Quasi-RT RIC125 may be configured to include logical functions that enable quasi-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data acquisition and actions through an interface connecting one or more CU110s, one or more DU130s, or both, and the O-eNB to quasi-RT RIC125 (e.g., via the E2 interface).

[0026]

[0053] In some implementations, the non-RT RIC115 may receive parameter or external enrichment information from an external server to generate an AI / ML model deployed to the quasi-RT RIC125. Such information may be utilized by the quasi-RT RIC125 and may be received in the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC115 from a non-network data source or from a network function. In some examples, the non-RT RIC115 or quasi-RT RIC125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ an AI / ML model to implement corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (e.g., reconfiguration via O1) or through the creation of a RAN management policy (e.g., an A1 policy).

[0027]

[0054] At least one of CU110, DU130, and RU140 may be called base station 102. Thus, base station 102 may include one or more of CU110, DU130, and RU140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to show that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for UE104. Base station 102 may include macrocells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network including both small cells and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) that are capable of serving a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU140 and UE104 may include uplink (UL) transmissions (also called reverse link) from UE104 to RU140, and / or downlink (DL) transmissions (also called forward link) from RU140 to UE104. The communication link may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be via one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz per carrier (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.) allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) in total for transmission in each direction. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other.Carrier allocation can be asymmetrical between DL and UL (for example, DL may be allocated more or fewer carriers than UL). A component carrier may consist of a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be called a primary cell (PCell), and a secondary component carrier may be called a secondary cell (SCell).

[0028]

[0055] Certain UE104s may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as the physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be via various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0029]

[0056] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi AP150 that communicates with a UE104 (also called a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed frequency spectrum such as 5 GHz. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UE104 / AP150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0030]

[0057] The electromagnetic spectrum is often divided into various classes, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands are identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is above 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and papers. A similar nomenclature issue can arise with respect to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and papers, even though it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) which is identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0031]

[0058] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as intermediate band frequencies. In recent 5G NR research, the operating band for these intermediate band frequencies is identified as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). The frequency bands included within FR3 may inherit the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2, and therefore, in effect, the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 may be extended to the intermediate band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0032]

[0059] With the above embodiments in mind, unless otherwise specified, terms such as “sub-6GHz” as used herein may broadly refer to frequencies that may be below 6GHz, within FR1, or include intermediate band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, terms such as “millimeter wave” as used herein may broadly refer to frequencies that may include intermediate band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0033]

[0060] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive a beamformed signal from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive its beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of them. The transmit and receive directions for base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0034]

[0061] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, NodeB, eNB, access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmit / receive point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or any other appropriate term. Base station 102 may be implemented as an aggregated (monolithic) base station having integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, sidelink nodes, baseband units (BBUs) (including CUs and DUs) and RUs, or as a non-aggregated base station including one or more of CUs, DUs, and / or RUs. A set of base stations that may include non-aggregated and / or aggregated base stations may be called next-generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0035]

[0062] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) certificate generation, user identification processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are shown as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, position determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) that access UE positioning information.LMF166 receives measurement and support information from NG-RAN and UE104 via AMF161 to calculate the position of UE104. NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the position of UE104. Positioning UE104 may include signal measurement, position estimation, and an optional speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurement may be performed by UE104 and / or serving base station 102. The signals measured include satellite positioning systems (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of the following: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), global position system (GPS), non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite position / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, terrestrial beacon systems (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensors, motion sensors), NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT), DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of It may be based on one or more of the following: arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning, and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0036]

[0063] Examples of UE104 include cellular phones, smartphones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional devices. Some of the UE104 may be called IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, cardiac monitors, etc.). The UE104 may also be called a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or any other suitable term. In some scenarios, the term UE can also be applied to one or more companion devices in a device constellation configuration, for example. One or more of these devices may have collective access to the network, and / or access to the network individually.

[0037]

[0064] RIS106 may be a metasurface configured to receive signals from base station 102 or RU140 of base station 102. RIS106 may be configured to reflect signals in a desired direction, for example, RU140 or UE104. RIS may have one or more RIS elements, and its electromagnetic reflection response may be controlled by programmable P and N-area (PIN) diodes. RIS106 may also be configured to detect attributes of the signal received by RIS106, such as the angle of arrival (AoA).

[0038]

[0065] Referring again to Figure 1, in some embodiments, the UE 104 or base station 102 may have a sensing signal component 198 configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. The sensing signal component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. In some embodiments, the UE 104 or base station 102 may have a sensing component 199 configured to receive an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. The sensing component 199 may be configured to receive at least one sensing signal via the wireless device. The sensing component 199 may be configured to perform a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. In some embodiments, the RIS 106 may have a compensation coefficient estimation component 197 configured to receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Based on its configuration, the compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. Based on the set of resources, the compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to receive and transmit at least one sensing signal. While the following description may focus on RIS devices, the concepts described herein may be applicable to any device capable of sensing a portion of an incident wave at a first angle and reflecting or retransmitting a portion of the incident wave at a second angle, such as a UE or roadside unit (RSU).While the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM®, and other wireless technologies that can transmit wireless signals that can be reflected and / or detected by RIS devices or RIS-like devices.

[0039]

[0066] Figure 2A is Figure 200, which shows an example of a first subframe in a 5G NR frame configuration. Figure 2B is Figure 230, which shows an example of a DL channel in a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C is Figure 250, which shows an example of a second subframe in a 5G NR frame configuration. Figure 2D is Figure 280, which shows an example of a UL channel in a 5G NR subframe. A 5G NR frame configuration can be frequency division duplexed (FDD), where a subframe within a set of subcarriers is dedicated to either DL or UL for a given set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), or it can be time division duplexed (TDD), where a subframe within a set of subcarriers is dedicated to both DL and UL for a given set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth). In the examples provided in Figures 2A and 2C, the 5G NR frame configuration is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 configured using slot format 28 (mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL and UL, and subframe 3 configured using slot format 1 (all UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown using slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe may be configured using any of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and UL, respectively. The other slot formats 2 to 61 include a mixture of DL symbols, UL symbols, and flexible symbols. The UE is set using the slot format (dynamically via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling) through the received slot format indicator (SFI). Note that the following description also applies to 5G NR frame configurations that are TDD.

[0040]

[0067] Figures 2A to 2D illustrate a particular frame configuration, and aspects of this disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame configurations and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 subframes (1 ms) of equal size. Each subframe may contain one or more time slots. A subframe may also contain minislots that may contain 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may contain 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. In the case of a normal CP, each slot may contain 14 symbols, and in the case of an extended CP, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-limited scenarios, i.e., when limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on CP and numerical logic. This numerical logic defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS), which effectively defines a symbol length / duration equal to 1 / SCS.

[0041] [Table 1]

[0042]

[0068] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different number logic μ0-4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For an extended CP, number logic 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for normal CP and number logic μ, 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ Slots / subframes exist. The subcarrier spacing is 2 μ *May be equal to 15kHz, and μ is numerology 0 to 4. Therefore, numerical logic μ=0 has a subcarrier interval of 15kHz, and numerical logic μ=4 has a subcarrier interval of 240kHz. Symbol length / duration is inversely proportional to the subcarrier interval. Figures 2A to 2D provide an example of a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a numerical logic μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25ms, the subcarrier interval is 60kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see Figure 2B) that are frequency-division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a specific numerical logic and CP (normal or extended).

[0043]

[0069] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot contains a resource block (RB) (also called physical RBs, PRBs) spanning 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0044]

[0070] As shown in Figure 2A, some of the REs carry reference signals (RS) related to the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (shown as R for one specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation in the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0045]

[0071] Figure 2B shows an example of various DL channels within a frame subframe. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., one, two, four, eight, or sixteen CCEs), each CCE containing six RE groups (REGs), each REG containing twelve consecutive REs within the OFDM symbol of the RB. A PDCCH within a single BWP may be called a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates within a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, in which case these PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs can be placed across the channel bandwidth at higher and / or lower frequencies. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be present within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE104 to determine the timing of the subframe / symbol and the physical layer identification information. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be present within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by UE to determine the group number of the physical layer cell identification information and the timing of the wireless frame. Based on the physical layer identification information and the group number of the physical layer cell identification information, UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, UE can determine the location of the DM-RS.A physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying a master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also called an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs within the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

[0046]

[0072] As shown in Figure 2C, some REs carry DM-RS (shown as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. UEs may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted within the first one or two symbols of a PUSCH. PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and the specific PUCCH format used. UEs may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). SRS may be transmitted within the last symbol of a subframe. SRS may have a comb configuration, and UEs may transmit SRS on one of those combs. SRS may be used by base stations for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0047]

[0073] Figure 2D shows an example of various UL channels within a frame subframe. In one configuration, the PUCCH may be arranged as shown. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment, HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs, NACKs). The PUCCH may carry data and, in addition, buffer status reports (BSR), power headroom reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0048]

[0074] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing base station 310 communicating with UE350 in an access network. In DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptive Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 includes RRC layer functions associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIBs, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection correction, and RRC connection release), mobility between radio access technologies (RATs), and measurement settings for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with forwarding upper-layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and sorting of RLC data PDUs; and mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), and MAC from TBs. It provides MAC layer functionality associated with SDU demultiplexing, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0049]

[0075] The transmit (Tx) processor 316 and the receive (Rx) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The Tx processor 316 processes mapping to a signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Next, each stream can be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel that carries the time-domain OFDM symbol stream. This OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from the channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme and for spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from the reference signal and / or channel state feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be provided to different antennas 320 via separate transmitters 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier on its respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0050]

[0076] In UE350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx reconstructs the information modulated on the RF carrier and provides this information to the receiver (Rx) processor 356. The Tx processor 368 and Rx processor 356 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. The Rx processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to reconstruct any spatial stream destined for UE350. Multiple spatial streams, when destined for UE350, can be combined by the Rx processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The Rx processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal contains a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are reconstructed and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be obtained based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to reconstruct the data and control signals initially transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. These data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions.

[0051]

[0077] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with memory 360 that stores program code and data. Memory 360 may be called computer-readable media. In UL, the controller / processor 359 performs demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to reconstruct IP packets. The controller / processor 359 also participates in error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0052]

[0078] Similar to the functions described in relation to DL transmission by base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functions associated with acquiring system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with transferring upper-layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and sorting of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping logical channels to transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto TB, demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TB, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0053]

[0079] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the Tx processor 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the Tx processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can modulate the RF carrier in its respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0054]

[0080] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described for receiver functions in UE350. Each receiver 318Rx receives the signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx reconstructs the information modulated on the RF carrier and provides this information to Rx processor 370.

[0055]

[0081] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with memory 376 that stores program code and data. Memory 376 may be called computer-readable media. In UL, the controller / processor 375 performs demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to reconstruct IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0056]

[0082] At least one of the Tx processor 368, Rx processor 356, and controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform an action related to the detection signal configuration component 198 in Figure 1.

[0057]

[0083] At least one of the Tx processor 368, Rx processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform an action related to the sensing component 199 in Figure 1.

[0058]

[0084] At least one of the Tx processor 316, Rx processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform an action related to the detection signal configuration component 198 in Figure 1.

[0059]

[0085] At least one of the Tx processor 316, Rx processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform an action related to the sensing component 199 in Figure 1.

[0060]

[0086] Figure 4 is an example of RIS 404 configured to receive signal 414 from network node 406 and forward (e.g., reflect) signal 412 toward network node 402. Network node 402 may be a wireless device configured to transmit signal 412, such as UE 104 or base station 102 in Figure 1. Network node 406 may be a wireless device configured to receive signal 414, such as UE 104 or base station 102 in Figure 1. RIS 404 may have an antenna 408 that can be used to transmit data, such as frequency domain compensation coefficient indications, to network node 402 or network node 406. One or more meta-elements 407 of the meta-surface of RIS 404 may be configured to reflect signal 412 as signal 414. One or more meta-elements 407 of RIS 404 may be configured to sense one or more attributes of signal 412, such as AoA or signal strength.

[0061]

[0087] RIS404 may have an ultrathin surface into which multiple meta-elements 407, also called subwavelength scatterers or RIS elements, are embedded. The electromagnetic response of each meta-element 407, such as the phase shift, can be controlled by a programmable PIN diode or varactor diode. Each meta-element 407 may be configured to reflect a signal 412 in a desired direction. The configuration of one or more reflecting elements can be used to orient the signal 412 in a desired direction. For example, by changing one or more reflection coefficients of one of the meta-elements 407, the direction in which the signal 414 is centered can be changed. For example, a first coefficient may be changed to change the amplitude of the signal 414, and a second coefficient may be changed to shift the phase of the signal 414. The configuration of the meta-elements 407 of RIS404 may depend on knowledge of the direction of the incident wave of the signal 412. In other words, the precision of where one of the meta-elements 407 centers or points signal 414 can be increased using information about the direction in which signal 412 approaches meta-element 407, or by using the AoA of signal 412 relative to meta-element 407.

[0062]

[0088] RIS404 can enable network node 402 and network node 406 to communicate with each other using wireless signals even when there is no line-of-sight (LOS) path between the transceiver of network node 402 and the transceiver of network node 406. Without RIS404, network node 402 may have limited coverage distance due to in-return transmissions. Without RIS404, if there is no LOS link between network node 402 and the transmission target, network node 402 may have coverage holes in transmissions to wireless devices such as network node 406. Without RIS404, since one network node may provide one reference point, network node 402 may not have sufficient positioning reference points. Using RIS404, RIS404 can extend its coverage distance via RIS beamforming. Using RIS404, RIS404 can eliminate coverage holes by using RIS404 as a relay point. RIS404 may have a flexible deployment with an LOS link to the coverage hole of network node 402. In RIS404, an additional reference point with the location of RIS404 may be added as a positioning reference point for positioning measurements.

[0063]

[0089] Signal 412 is at an incident angle θ. i The signal 414 may be transmitted from network node 406 toward RIS404, and the reflection angle θ r The signal may be reflected or transmitted from RIS404 toward network node 402. Incident angle θ i and the angle of reflection θ rmay be estimated by the network node 406 in any appropriate manner, for example, based on the location indication of the network node 402, the location indication of the RIS 404, and the location indication of the network node 402. The network node 402 may send a query to an LMF, such as the LMF 166 in FIG. 1, to retrieve location information respectively associated with the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406. In some aspects, at least one of the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406 may perform positioning using one or more positioning reference signals to retrieve location information respectively associated with the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406. In some aspects, at least one of the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406 may perform sensing using one or more sensing reference signals to retrieve location information respectively associated with the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406. In some aspects, the location / position of the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406 may be fixed.

[0064]

[0090] A section 420 of the RIS 404 may include an element 422, an element 424, and an element 428. The elements may be identified as elements 1 to n. The signal 412 has an incident angle θ i and may approach each of the elements 422, 424, and 428, and has a reflection angle θ r and may be reflected by each of the elements 422, 424, and 428 respectively. The equivalent channel response value of the n-th element of the RIS 404, for example, the element 428, at the reflection angle θ rn can be estimated as follows.

[0065]

Formula

[0066]

[0091]

number

[0067] This could also be the reflection coefficient of element n, such as element 428.

[0068]

[0092] d n This could be the distance between the nth element and the first element, such as the distance between element 428 and element 422.

[0069]

[0093] j may also be a complex value symbol.

[0070]

[0094] λ may also be the wavelength of the signal reflected from element n, such as element 428.

[0071]

[0095] α n φ may be the amplitude of the reflection coefficient in the nth element. n This could also be the phase of the reflection coefficient in the nth element.

[0072]

[0096] reflection angle θ r The overall equivalent channel response value of all elements of the RIS404 may be estimated as follows:

[0073]

number

[0074]

[0097] The coefficient of reflection is

[0075]

number

[0076] If the condition is met, φ n The value of may be estimated as follows:

[0077]

number

[0078]

[0098] The reflected beam is in direction θ r It could refer to...

[0079]

[0099] The coefficient amplitude and phase values ​​of each meta-element 407 of RIS404 are limited to a set of candidate reflection coefficients {(a1,Φ1),(a2,Φ2),...,(a M ,Φ M )} can be obtained from, and in the formula, a m Φ may be the amplitude of the m-th candidate reflection coefficient, m This may be the phase of the m-th candidate reflectance coefficient. In other words, the actual beam shape is the ideal estimated beam direction θ r It can deviate from this. The more meta-elements 407 in RIS404 there are, the closer the actual beam shape can be to the ideal beam, which is the estimated beam direction θ. r This can improve accuracy.

[0080]

[0100] In the case of RIS404, the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient in each meta-element 407 may change with frequency. The amplitude and / or phase relationship with the frequency characteristics may depend on the hardware structure of RIS404. In some embodiments, the coefficient phase of each meta-element may change substantially linearly with frequency. In other embodiments, the coefficient phase of each meta-element may change nonlinearly with frequency. In some embodiments, the coefficient amplitude may have slight fluctuations with frequency. For each meta-element configuration, the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase may be frequency-dependent and may be expressed as follows: Ψ(f)={(a1(f),Φ1(f)),(a2(f),Φ2(f)),...,(a M (f), Φ M (f))}

[0081]

[0101] If RIS404 is configured to reflect a signal, such frequency-dependent characteristics in RIS404 (e.g., amplitude, phase) may be included in the equivalent channel state value. In other words, frequency-dependent characteristics in RIS404 do not necessarily affect the operation of the RIS404 transceiver. If RIS404 is configured to detect a signal, such frequency-dependent characteristics in RIS404 may interfere with the estimation of propagation delay and target object distance. This may reduce estimation accuracy. Such problems may be exacerbated if signal 412 has a large bandwidth.

[0082]

[0102] Without such frequency-dependent characteristics, if a delay τ path exists, the estimated channel state value in the k-th subcarrier can be estimated as follows:

[0083]

number

[0084] All subcarriers {r k By performing the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on}, the delay τ can be estimated with higher accuracy.

[0085]

[0103] Using such frequency-dependent characteristics, the overall equivalent channel response value associated with RIS404 may differ for multiple subcarriers. In other words, the estimated channel state value for the k-th subcarrier can be estimated as follows:

[0086]

number

[0087]

[0104] In the formula, h k This could be the overall equivalent channel response value in the k subcarrier. kSince the RIS reflection coefficient can change in the frequency domain due to its frequency-dependent characteristics, the delay τ is calculated by considering all subcarriers {r} without considering one or more of the frequency domain compensation coefficients. k Performing an IFFT on} may not always result in an accurate estimate.

[0088]

[0105] To improve the estimation of reflected detection signals using RIS, the transmitting network node can configure detection signal resources in the RIS. Each detection signal resource is configured with respect to the incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ). i ) and the reflected beam direction angle (for example, θ r ) can be associated with. The network node can associate each detection signal resource, for example, the detection signal bandwidth or subband, with the incident beam direction angle (θ). i ) and / or reflected beam direction angle (θ r ) may be sent to the RIS. The RIS calculates the frequency domain compensation coefficient for each detection signal resource and instructs the detection signal receiver to use the frequency domain compensation coefficient for each subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l. k (θ r,l The detection signal can be transmitted to the receiver as a signal. In some embodiments, the RIS uses the equivalent channel response value h of each element n in the RIS. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), and / or the estimated channel state value r in each subcarrier k. kThe frequency domain compensation coefficients can be calculated and transmitted to a detection signal receiver for detection. The detection signal receiver can perform detection based on the instructions for each frequency domain compensation coefficient. Detection may include estimating the propagation delay and the distance to the target object. For example, network node 402, which transmits signal 412 to RIS404, may configure detection signal resources in RIS404. RIS404 may calculate and provide the respective frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource to network node 406. Network node 406 may perform detection based on the instructions received from RIS404. Interference due to the frequency-dependent characteristics of the reflection coefficients of RIS meta-elements can be mitigated by enabling the RIS to provide the frequency domain compensation coefficients to the signal receiver so that the signal receiver can perform detection using the frequency domain compensation coefficients. For example, the signal receiver can more accurately estimate the delay value by performing an IFFT based on the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. Enabling the signal receiver to perform detection using the received frequency domain compensation coefficients can improve RIS-based detection with wideband detection signals.

[0089]

[0106] Network node 402 or network node 406 may have a detection signal component 198 configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device. The detection signal component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources.

[0090]

[0107] Network node 402 or network node 406 may have a sensing component 199 configured to receive instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device. The sensing component 199 may be configured to receive at least one sensing signal via a wireless device. The sensing component 199 may be configured to perform a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources.

[0091]

[0108] The RIS404 may have a compensation coefficient estimation component 197 configured to receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the resource sets may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to transmit an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the resource sets, based on the configuration. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to receive and transmit at least one detection signal, based on the resource set.

[0092]

[0109] The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may reside within the processor of the RIS404. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. In one configuration, the RIS404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sense signal. The RIS404 may include means for transmitting an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources, based on the configuration. The RIS404 may include means for receiving and transmitting at least one sense signal, based on the set of resources. The RIS404 may include means for receiving and transmitting at least one sense signal, based on the set of resources, by reflecting at least one sense signal, based on the set of resources. The RIS404 may include means for estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the resource set based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The RIS404 may include means for transmitting instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the resource set based on the configuration by transmitting instructions based on the estimation of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient. The RIS404 may include means for estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the resource set based on the configuration.

[0093]

number

[0094] The RIS404 may include means for estimating a frequency domain compensation coefficient in the nth element of a wireless device. The RIS404 may include means for estimating at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient as the product of a first frequency domain compensation coefficient for DL ​​reflection and a second frequency domain compensation coefficient for UL reflection. The RIS404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal by receiving a configuration from a first network node. The RIS404 may include means for transmitting instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient by transmitting instructions to a second network node. The RIS404 may include means for receiving and transmitting at least one detection signal based on a set of resources by receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node. The RIS404 may include means for receiving and transmitting at least one detection signal based on a set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node. The RIS404 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via a target object. RIS404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal by receiving a configuration from a first network node. RIS404 may include means for transmitting instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient by transmitting instructions to a first network node. RIS404 may include means for receiving and transferring at least one detection signal based on a set of resources by receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node. RIS404 may include means for receiving and transferring at least one detection signal based on a set of resources by transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node. RIS404 may include means for transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node by transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node via a target object.RIS404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal by receiving a configuration from a first network node. RIS404 may include means for transmitting instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by transmitting instructions to the first network node. RIS404 may include means for receiving and transmitting at least one detection signal based on a set of resources by receiving at least one detection signal from the first network node. RIS404 may include means for receiving and transmitting at least one detection signal based on a set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to the first network node. RIS404 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal to the first network node via a target object that reflects the at least one detection signal back to the wireless device. RIS404 may include means for estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. The RIS404 may include means for transmitting instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources, based on its configuration, by transmitting instructions based on an estimation of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient. The means may be a compensation coefficient estimation component 197 of the RIS404 configured to perform the functions enumerated by the means.

[0095]

[0110] Figure 5A is a figure showing RIS 504 configured to avoid signal block 508 by reflecting signal 512 from network node 502 to network node 506 via signal 514. Network node 502 may constitute a sensing signal resource for signal 512 to RIS 504. Network node 502 may be a base station such as base station 102 in Figure 1. Each sensing signal resource has an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i) and the reflected beam direction angle (for example, θ r ) can be associated with ). RIS 504 can calculate the respective frequency domain compensation coefficient for each sensing signal resource and present it to the network node 506 as a sensing signal receiver. Network node 506 may be a UE such as UE 104 in Figure 1, or a base station such as base station 102 in Figure 1. Network node 506 can perform sensing based on the indicated frequency domain compensation coefficient for each sensing signal resource. Sensing can estimate the propagation delay of signal 514 by reflecting it from RIS 504. Such a system may also be used to locate a target object, for example, if network node 506 is a UE that is not in a fixed location.

[0096]

[0111] Figure 5B shows RIS 504 configured to avoid signal block 508 by reflecting signal 512 from network node 502 to network node 506 via signal 514 reflected from target object 505 as signal 516 to network node 506. Network node 502 may constitute a detection signal resource for signal 512 to RIS 504. Network node 502 may be a base station such as base station 102 in Figure 1. Each detection signal resource has an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i ) and the reflected beam direction angle (for example, θ r ) may be associated with. If the positions of network node 502 and RIS 504 are fixed, network node 502 estimates the position of RIS 504 and the fixed incidence angle θ i This may be shown in RIS504.

[0097]

[0112] RIS504 can calculate the frequency domain compensation coefficient for each detection signal resource. RIS504 may sweep the reflected beam of signal 514 and calculate the corresponding frequency domain compensation coefficient. For example, RIS504 can sweep the reflected beam of signal 514 from the first beam 521 to the second beam 522, and then to the third beam 523. RIS504 selects the corresponding reflection coefficient for each meta-element of RIS504 to determine the reflection angle θ at multiple detection signal resources. r Each of these can be changed. The RIS504 may also estimate the frequency domain compensation coefficient based on the reflection coefficients of all meta-elements of the RIS504.

[0098]

[0113] Signal 512 may be OFDM-based. RIS504 can assume that OFDM-based sensing signals are transmitted at each sensing signal resource. In other words, each sensing signal resource can contain multiple REs of a single OFDM symbol. For each beam direction, RIS504 can select the reflectance coefficient of each meta-element from a set of Ψ candidate reflectance coefficients.

[0099]

[0114] The RIS504 uses a set of Ψ reflection coefficients to select the value

[0100]

number

[0101] All vectors, theoretical value

[0102]

number

[0103] This can be made to most closely resemble the theoretical value. The selected value that most closely resembles the theoretical value may also be the selected value that has the highest correlation coefficient with the theoretical value. The overall equivalent channel response value can be estimated as follows:

[0104]

number

[0105] Equivalent channel response value h(θ) r ) is the reflection angle θ r It may depend on this.

[0106]

[0115] Since the values ​​within the set of candidate reflection coefficients Ψ can be frequency-dependent, the h values ​​in multiple subcarriers may differ. The h values ​​in multiple subcarriers may be defined as follows:

[0107]

number

[0108] k may be the index of a subcarrier within the detection signal resource.

[0109]

[0116] Since all the values ​​of the parameters involved can be known by RIS504, RIS504 determines the reflected beam direction θ as follows: r,l The frequency domain compensation coefficient can be calculated for each detection signal resource having [specific characteristics]. g k (θ r,l )=(h k (θ r,l )) -1 k can be in the range of 1 to K. l may be the index of the detection signal resource.

[0110]

[0117] The RIS 504 can provide the respective frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource to the network node 506, which acts as a detection signal receiver. The network node 506 may be a UE such as UE 104 in Figure 1, or a base station such as base station 102 in Figure 1. For example, the frequency domain compensation coefficients may be transmitted as coefficients for the first beam 521, the second beam 522, and the third beam 523, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0111] [Table 2]

[0112]

[0118] In some embodiments, RIS504 may display both the frequency domain compensation coefficient and the reflected beam direction angle to the network node 506. In other embodiments, RIS504 may display the frequency domain compensation coefficient without displaying the reflected beam direction angle to the network node 506. RIS504 may statically or semi-statically display to the network node 506 a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients associated with a set of sensing signal resources. RIS504 may display each frequency domain compensation coefficient for each sensing signal resource l as g k (θ r,l ) can be shown as the respective frequency domain compensation coefficients g k (θ r,l ) is the reflection direction θ r,l It may be associated with the following. l can be in the range of 1 to L detection signal resources.

[0113]

[0119] RIS504 is a sweep-reflected beam direction.

[0114]

number

[0115] This may be configured periodically or semi-permanently. The indicated frequency domain compensation coefficient g k (θ r,l This can be effective over a long period of time, such as several minutes or hours, and can reduce signaling overhead. Frequency domain compensation coefficient g k (θ r,l The signaling of ) may be via the RRC configuration or the MAC control element (MAC-CE) signal.

[0116]

[0120] The first detection signal resource

[0117]

number

[0118] The frequency domain compensation coefficient for the K subcarrier within can be quantized as follows:

[0119]

number

[0120] The number of quantization bits for amplitude and / or phase may be configured by network node 502.

[0121]

[0121] Network node 502 may transmit the detection signal as signal 512 to RIS 504. RIS 504 can reflect signal 512 as signal 514 to the target object 505. The target object 505 can reflect signal 514 as signal 516 to network node 506. Figure 540 may show an example of bistatic detection. The target object 505 may be an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Network node 506 can perform detection based on the frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource. Detection can estimate the propagation delay and the distance to the target object 505. Network node 506 can compensate for amplitude or phase values ​​based on the frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource.

[0122]

[0122] In the case of detection signal resource l, network node 506 can receive signal 516 on each subcarrier. Signal 516 is y l,k It may also be expressed as, where k can range from 1 to K subcarriers, and l may represent a detection signal resource. For each of the l detection signal resources, the given frequency domain compensation coefficient g l Based on each of these, network node 506 may compensate for the amplitude and phase by multiplying the received signal by a frequency domain compensation coefficient. For example, the compensated signal is z l,k =y l,k ×g l,k It may be estimated by...

[0123]

[0123] Network node 506

[0124]

number

[0125] An IFFT can be performed on the network node 506. The network node 506 can estimate delay values ​​τ corresponding to the paths of signals 512, 514, and 516 using one or more criteria. In one embodiment, after performing an IFFT, the network node 506 may search for the maximum absolute value to estimate the delay value τ. In one embodiment, the network node 506 may estimate the delay value τ corresponding to the path of signal 512 having the maximum channel gain. In response to the network node 506 estimating delay values ​​τ for two or more sensing signal resources l, the network node 506 may select the sensing signal resource l having the maximum channel gain. The network node 506 can use the estimated delay value τ to further estimate other sensing metrics. For example, the network node 506 may estimate the distance to the target object 505 based on the estimated delay value τ. The network node 506 can report sensing results, such as the estimated delay value τ or estimated distance, to the network node 502.

[0126]

[0124] Figure 5C is a figure 580 showing a RIS 504 configured to avoid signal block 508 by reflecting signal 512 from network node 502 as signal 514, which is reflected from target object 505 as signal 516, and signal 516 is reflected from RIS 504 as signal 518 returning to network node 502. Figure 580 may show an example of monostatic detection. Target object 505 may be a UAV. Network node 502 may constitute a detection signal resource for signal 512 to RIS 504. Network node 502 may be a base station such as base station 102 in Figure 1. Each detection signal resource is configured with an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i ) and the reflected beam direction angle (for example, θ r) may be associated with. If the positions of network node 502 and RIS 504 are fixed, network node 502 estimates the position of RIS 504 and the fixed incidence angle θ i This may be shown in RIS504.

[0127]

[0125] RIS504 can calculate the respective frequency domain compensation coefficient for each sensing signal resource. RIS504 may sweep the reflected beam of signal 514 and calculate the corresponding frequency domain compensation coefficient. RIS504 may also sweep the reflected beam of signal 518 and calculate the corresponding frequency domain compensation coefficient. RIS504 selects the corresponding reflection coefficient for each meta-element of RIS504 to determine the reflection angle θ in the multiple sensing signal resources. r Each of these can be changed. The RIS504 may also estimate the frequency domain compensation coefficient based on the reflection coefficients of all meta-elements of the RIS504.

[0128]

[0126] Signal 512 may be OFDM-based. RIS504 can assume that OFDM-based sensing signals are transmitted at each sensing signal resource. In other words, each sensing signal resource can contain multiple REs of one OFDM symbol. For each beam direction, RIS504 can select a reflectance coefficient for each meta-element from a set of Ψ candidate reflectance coefficients.

[0129]

[0127] The RIS504 uses a set of Ψ candidate reflection coefficients to select the value

[0130]

number

[0131] All vectors, theoretical value

[0132]

number

[0133] This can be made to most closely resemble the theoretical value. The selected value that most closely resembles the theoretical value may also be the selected value that has the highest correlation coefficient with the theoretical value. The overall equivalent channel response value can be estimated as follows:

[0134]

number

[0135] Equivalent channel response value h(θ) r ) is the reflection angle θ r It may depend on this.

[0136]

[0128] Since the values ​​within the set of candidate reflection coefficients Ψ may depend on frequency, the values ​​of h in multiple subcarriers may be different. The values ​​of h in multiple subcarriers may be defined as follows:

[0137]

number

[0138] k may be the index of a subcarrier within the detection signal resource.

[0139]

[0129] Since all the values ​​of the parameters involved can be known by RIS504, RIS504 determines the reflected beam direction θ as follows: r,l The frequency domain compensation coefficient can be calculated for each detection signal resource having [specific characteristics]. g k (θ r,l )=(h k (θ r,l )) -1 k can be in the range of 1 to K. l may be the index of the detection signal resource.

[0140]

[0130] In some embodiments, the RIS 504 may estimate each frequency domain compensation coefficient as the product of the UL beam and the DL beam. In other words, the RIS 504 can estimate the frequency domain compensation coefficient as the product of two components corresponding to two RIS reflections, namely a first reflection from signal 512 to signal 514 and a second reflection from signal 516 to signal 518. The two reflections may also have two directions, namely the UL direction and the DL direction. The frequency domain compensation coefficient for each sensed signal resource l may be calculated as the product of the UL component and the DL component, as follows:

[0141]

number

[0142] During the ceremony,

[0143]

number

[0144] This may be the frequency domain compensation coefficient in the subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l calculated in the DL direction.

[0145]

number

[0146] This may be a frequency domain compensation coefficient in the subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l calculated in the UL direction.

[0147]

[0131] The RIS 504 can provide the network node 502, which acts as a detection signal receiver, with the respective frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource. In some embodiments, the RIS 504 may provide the network node 502 with both the frequency domain compensation coefficients and the reflected beam direction angle. In other embodiments, the RIS 504 may provide the frequency domain compensation coefficients without providing the network node 502 with the reflected beam direction angle. The RIS 504 may provide the network node 502 with a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients associated with a set of detection signal resources, either statically or semi-statically.

[0148]

[0132] Network node 502 may transmit the detection signal as signal 512 to RIS 504. Signal 512 may be reflected by RIS 504 as signal 514 to target object 505. Signal 514 may be reflected by target object 505 as signal 516 to RIS 504. Signal 516 may be reflected by RIS 504 as signal 518 to network node 502. Network node 502 can perform detection based on the indication of the respective frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource. Detection may estimate the propagation delay and the distance to the target object 505. Network node 502 can compensate for amplitude mismatch or phase mismatch based on the frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource.

[0149]

[0133] With respect to the detection signal resource l, network node 502 can receive signal 518 on each subcarrier. Signal 518 is y l,k It may also be expressed as, where k can range from 1 to K subcarriers, and l may represent a detection signal resource. For each of the l detection signal resources, the given frequency domain compensation coefficient g l Based on each of these, network node 506 may compensate for the mismatch phase by multiplying the received signal by a frequency domain compensation coefficient. For example, the compensated signal is z l,k =y l,k ×g l,k It may be estimated by...

[0150]

[0134] Network node 502

[0151]

number

[0152] An IFFT can be performed on this. The network node 502 can estimate delay values ​​τ corresponding to the paths of signals 512, 514, 516, and 518 using one or more criteria. In one embodiment, the network node 502 may estimate delay values ​​τ corresponding to the path of signal 512 having the maximum channel gain. In response to the network node 502 estimating delay values ​​τ for two or more sensing signal resources l, the network node 502 may select the sensing signal resource l having the maximum channel gain. The network node 502 can use the estimated delay values ​​τ to further estimate other sensing metrics. For example, the network node 502 may estimate the distance to the target object 505 based on the estimated delay values ​​τ.

[0153]

[0135] Figure 6 is a connection flow diagram 600 showing an example of a RIS 604 configured to receive signal 518 and forward it from network node 602 to network node 606. Network node 602, RIS 604, and network node 606 may be the same as network node 502, RIS 504, and network node 506 in Figure 5A, respectively. In 608, network node 602 can estimate the incident angle of the detection signal 618 when the detection signal 618 hits RIS 604, and / or the reflection angle of the detection signal 620 when the detection signal 620 is reflected from RIS 604. Network node 602 may estimate the incident angle and / or reflection angle based on the location indication of network node 602 and the location indication of RIS 604.

[0154]

[0136] In 610, the network node 602 may configure a set of detection signal resources for the RIS 604. Each of the set of detection signal resources may be associated with an incident angle and / or a reflection angle. The network node 602 may transmit a detection signal configuration 612 for the set of detection signal resources to the RIS 604. The detection signal configuration 612 may have at least one of the incident angle or reflection angle associated with each of the set of detection signal resources. The set of detection signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. For each of the set of detection signal resources, the detection signal configuration 612 may indicate at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with a set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with a range of reflected beam angles. In some embodiments, the detection signal configuration 612 may indicate an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 604. i This may indicate that the detection signal configuration 612 is such that the incident beam direction angle θ to RIS604 is such that RIS604 i This may indicate the location of network node 602 that can be used to calculate [the value].

[0155]

[0137] In 614, the RIS 604 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The RIS may send an instruction 616 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 606. The instruction 616 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients is, for example, the equivalent channel response value h of each element n in the RIS 604. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), and the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k. k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g in each subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l k (θ r,l The instruction 616 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensing signal resources.

[0156]

[0138] Network node 602 may transmit detection signal 618 to RIS 604. RIS 604 may reflect detection signal 618 as detection signal 620 toward network node 606.

[0157]

[0139] In 622, network node 606 can perform detection on detection signals 620 received by network node 606. Network node 606 can perform detection on detection signals 620 based on instructions 616 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. Network node 606 can generate detection result reports 624, including reports of propagation delays for each of the set of detection signal resources. Network node 606 may estimate attributes associated with detection signals 620, such as delays in RIS 604 or distances between RIS 604 and network node 606, based on instructions 616 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients. The delay values ​​may correspond to the paths of detection signals 620 and can be calculated by performing an IFFT based on instructions 616 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The paths of detection signals 620 may include the paths of detection signals 618 from network node 606 to RIS 604 and / or the paths of detection signals 620 from RIS 604 to network node 602. Network node 606 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of the detection signal 620 based on the instruction 616 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report 624 may show, for example, the estimated distance between RIS 604 and network node 606, the estimated distance between RIS 604 and network node 602, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between RIS 604 and network node 606 and the distance between RIS 604 and network node 602.

[0158]

[0140] Network node 606 may send detection result report 624 to RIS 604. RIS 604 may reflect detection result report 624 to network node 602 as detection result report 626. In some embodiments, network node 606 may send detection result report 624 to another network node as an additional or alternative.

[0159]

[0141] Figure 7 is a connection flow diagram 700 showing an example of a RIS 704 configured to receive a detection signal 718 and forward it from network node 702 to network node 706. Network node 702, RIS 704, and network node 706 may be the same as network node 502, RIS 504, and network node 506 in Figure 5A, respectively. 708 Network node 702 can estimate the incident angle of the detection signal 718 when it hits RIS 704, and / or the reflection angle of the detection signal 720 when it reflects from RIS 704. Network node 702 may estimate the incident angle and / or reflection angle based on the location indication of network node 702 and the location indication of RIS 704.

[0160]

[0142] At 710, the network node 702 may configure a set of sensing signal resources for the RIS 704. Each of the set of sensing signal resources may be associated with an incident angle and / or a reflection angle. The network node 702 may transmit a sensing signal configuration 712 for the set of sensing signal resources to the RIS 704. The sensing signal configuration 712 may have at least one of an incident angle or a reflection angle associated with each of the set of sensing signal resources. The set of sensing signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensing signal configuration 712, for each of the set of sensing signal resources, is associated with a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflection beam angles, a range of reflection beam angles, and a set of reflection beam angles may indicate at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles or a range of incident beam direction angles associated with a range of reflection beam angles. In some aspects, the sensing signal configuration 712 may indicate an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 704 i In some aspects, the sensing signal configuration 712 may indicate an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 704 i may indicate a location of the network node 702 that can be used for calculation.

[0161]

[0143] At 714, the RIS 704 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 716 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 706. The indication 716 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients is an equivalent channel response value h for each element n at the RIS 704 n , reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), an estimated channel state value r on each subcarrier k k , and / or a calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g for each subcarrier k and each sensing signal resource l k (θ r,l ). The indication 716 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources and a reflection beam direction angle for each of the set of sensing signal resources.

[0162]

[0144] Network node 702 may transmit detection signal 718 to RIS 704. RIS 704 may reflect detection signal 718 as detection signal 720 toward network node 706.

[0163]

[0145] In 722, the network node 706 can perform detection on the detection signal 720 received by the network node 706. The network node 706 can perform detection on the detection signal 720 based on the instruction 716 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The network node 706 can generate a detection result report 724, including a report of propagation delay for each of the set of detection signal resources. The network node 706 may estimate attributes associated with the detection signal 720, such as delays in RIS 704 or the distance between RIS 704 and the network node 706, based on the instruction 716 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to the path of the detection signal 720 and can be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the instruction 716 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of the detection signal 720 may include the path of the detection signal 718 from the network node 706 to RIS 704 and / or the path of the detection signal 720 from RIS 704 to the network node 702. Network node 706 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of the detection signal 720 based on the instruction 716 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report 724 may show, for example, the estimated distance between RIS 704 and network node 706, the estimated distance between RIS 704 and network node 702, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between RIS 704 and network node 706 and the distance between RIS 704 and network node 702.

[0164]

[0146] Network node 706 can output the detection result report 724 to network node 702. Network node 706 may have an LOS path for directly transmitting the detection result report 724 from network node 706 to network node 702. In other words, there may not be a block such as the signal block 508 in Figure 5A between network node 702 and network node 706. In other embodiments, network node 706 and network node 702 may be connected via a backhaul link or midhaul link that enables network node 706 to directly output the detection result report from network node 706 to network node 702. In some embodiments, network node 706 may, additionally or alternatively, transmit the detection result report 724 to another network node.

[0165]

[0147] Figure 8 is a connection flow diagram 800 showing an example of a RIS 804 configured to receive and transmit a detection signal 818 from network node 802 to network node 806 via target object 805. Network node 802, RIS 804, target object 805, and network node 806 may be the same as network node 502, RIS 504, target object 505, and network node 506 in Figure 5B, respectively. In 808, network node 802 can estimate the incident angle of the detection signal 818 when it hits RIS 804, and / or the reflection angle of the detection signal 820 when it reflects from RIS 804. Network node 802 may estimate the incident angle and / or reflection angle based on the location indication of network node 802 and the location indication of RIS 804.

[0166]

[0148] At 810, the network node 802 may configure a set of sensing signal resources for the RIS 804. Each of the set of sensing signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or an angle of reflection. The network node 802 may transmit a sensing signal configuration 812 for the set of sensing signal resources to the RIS 804. The sensing signal configuration 812 may comprise at least one of an association of an angle of incidence or an angle of reflection with each of the set of sensing signal resources. The set of sensing signal resources may, for example, comprise a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensing signal configuration 812 may, for each of the set of sensing signal resources, indicate at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with a set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with a range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensing signal configuration 812 may indicate an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 804 i . In some aspects, the sensing signal configuration 812 may indicate an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 804 i that the RIS 804 may use to calculate the location of the network node 802.

[0167]

[0149] At 814, the RIS 804 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 816 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to a target object 805. The indication 816 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may be, for example, an equivalent channel response value h for each element n at the RIS 804 n , a reflection coefficient amplitude and phase for each frequency Ψ(f), an estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or a calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g for each subcarrier k and each sensing signal resource l k (θ r,l) may include. The instruction 816 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sense signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sense signal resources. The target object 805 can reflect the instruction 816 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients to the network node 806 as an instruction 817 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The target object 805 may include a UAV configured to reflect signals from the RIS 804 to the network node 806. The target object 805 may also be configured to reflect signals from the network node 806 to the RIS 804. In some embodiments, the RIS 804 may transmit the instruction 816 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients directly to the network node 806 instead of, or in addition to, transmitting the instruction 832 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients to the target object 805.

[0168]

[0150] Network node 802 may transmit detection signal 818 to RIS 804. RIS 804 can reflect detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 toward target object 805. Target object 805 can reflect detection signal 820 as detection signal 821 toward network node 806.

[0169]

[0151] In 822, the network node 806 can perform detection on the detection signal 821 received by the network node 806. The network node 806 can perform detection on the detection signal 821 based on the instruction 817 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The network node 806 can generate a detection result report 824, including a report of propagation delay and / or distance to the target object 805 for each of the set of detection signal resources. The network node 806 may estimate attributes associated with the detection signal 821, such as the delay in RIS 804 or the distance between RIS 804 and the target object 805, based on the instruction 817 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to the path of the detection signal 821 and can be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the instruction 817 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of the detection signal 821 may include the path of the detection signal 818 from network node 806 to RIS 804, the path of the detection signal 820 from RIS 804 to target object 805, and / or the path of the detection signal 821 from target object 805 to network node 802. Network node 806 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of the detection signal 821 based on the instruction 817 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report 824 may show, for example, an estimate of the estimated distance between RIS 804 and target object 805, an estimated distance between target object 805 and network node 806, or an estimated distance between RIS 804 and network node 802, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between network node 802 and RIS 804, the distance between RIS 804 and target object 805, and the distance between target object 805 and network node 806.

[0170]

[0152] Network node 806 may transmit detection result report 824 to target object 805. Target object 805 may reflect detection result report 824 to RIS 804 as detection result report 825. RIS 804 may reflect detection result report 825 to network node 802 as detection result report 826. In some embodiments, network node 806 may transmit detection result report 824 to another wireless device as an addition or alternative. For example, network node 806 may transmit detection result report 824 directly to RIS 804 instead of, or in addition to, transmitting detection result report 834 to target object 805. In another example, network node 806 may transmit the detection result report to another network node, which may process the detection result report or forward the detection result report to network node 802.

[0171]

[0153] Figure 9 is a connection flow diagram 900 showing an example of a RIS 904 configured to receive and transmit a detection signal 918 from network node 902 to network node 906 via a target object 905. Network node 902, RIS 904, target object 905, and network node 906 may be the same as network node 502, RIS 504, target object 505, and network node 506 in Figure 5B, respectively. In 908, network node 902 can estimate the angle of incidence of the detection signal 918 when the detection signal 918 hits RIS 904, and / or the angle of reflection of the detection signal 920 when the detection signal 920 is reflected from RIS 904. Network node 902 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or reflection based on the location indication of network node 902 and the location indication of RIS 904.

[0172]

[0154] In 910, the network node 902 may configure a set of detection signal resources for the RIS 904. Each of the set of detection signal resources may be associated with an incident angle and / or a reflection angle. The network node 902 may transmit a detection signal configuration 912 for the set of detection signal resources to the RIS 904. The detection signal configuration 912 may have at least one association of an incident angle or a reflection angle with each of the set of detection signal resources. The set of detection signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. For each of the set of detection signal resources, the detection signal configuration 912 may indicate at least one of a set of incident beam directional angles, a range of incident beam directional angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam directional angles associated with a set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with a range of reflected beam angles. In some embodiments, the detection signal configuration 912 indicates the incident beam directional angle θ to the RIS 904. i This may indicate that the detection signal configuration 912 is such that the incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS904 is such that the RIS904 i This may indicate the location of network node 902 that can be used to calculate [the value].

[0173]

[0155] In 914, the RIS 904 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The RIS can send an instruction 916 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the target object 905. The instruction 916 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients is, for example, the equivalent channel response value h of each element n in the RIS 904. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), and the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k. k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g in each subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l k (θ r,l) may include. The instruction 916 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The target object 905 can reflect the instruction 916 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients to the network node 906 as an instruction 917 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The target object 905 may include a UAV configured to reflect signals from the RIS 904 to the network node 906. The target object 905 may also be configured to reflect signals from the network node 906 to the RIS 904. In some embodiments, the RIS 904 may, instead of, or in addition to, sending the instruction 932 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients to the target object 905, send the instruction 916 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients directly to the network node 906.

[0174]

[0156] Network node 902 may transmit detection signal 918 to RIS 904. RIS 904 can reflect detection signal 918 as detection signal 920 toward target object 905. Target object 905 can reflect detection signal 920 as detection signal 921 toward network node 906.

[0175]

[0157] In 922, the network node 906 can perform detection on the detection signal 921 received by the network node 906. The network node 906 can perform detection on the detection signal 921 based on the instruction 917 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The network node 906 can generate a detection result report 924, including a report of the propagation delay and / or distance to the target object 905 for each of the set of detection signal resources. The network node 906 may estimate attributes associated with the detection signal 921 based on the instruction 917 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients, such as the delay in RIS 904 or the distance between RIS 904 and the target object 905. The delay value may correspond to the path of the detection signal 921 and can be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the instruction 917 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of the detection signal 921 may include the path of the detection signal 918 from network node 906 to RIS 904, the path of the detection signal 920 from RIS 904 to target object 905, and / or the path of the detection signal 921 from target object 905 to network node 902. Network node 906 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of the detection signal 921 based on the instruction 917 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report 924 may show, for example, an estimated distance between RIS 904 and target object 905, or an estimated distance between target object 905 and network node 906, or an estimated distance between RIS 904 and network node 902, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between network node 902 and RIS 904, the distance between RIS 904 and target object 905, and the distance between target object 905 and network node 906.

[0176]

[0158] Network node 906 may output the detection result report 924 to network node 902. Network node 906 may have an LOS path for directly transmitting the detection result report 924 from network node 906 to network node 902. In other words, there may not be a block such as the signal block 508 in Figure 5B between network node 902 and network node 906. In other embodiments, network node 906 and network node 902 may be connected via a backhaul link or midhaul link that enables network node 906 to directly output the detection result report from network node 906 to network node 902. In some embodiments, network node 906 may, in addition or to the extent of, transmit the detection result report 924 to another wireless device. For example, network node 906 may transmit the detection result report 924 to RIS 904 instead of, or in addition to, transmitting the detection result report 934 to network node 902. RIS904 may reflect detection result report 934 to network node 902 as detection result report 936. In another example, network node 906 may send a detection result report to another network node, which can then process the detection result report or forward it to network node 902.

[0177]

[0159] Figure 10 is an alternative connection flow diagram 1000 showing an example of a RIS 1004 configured to receive and transmit a detection signal 1018 from network node 1002 to network node 1006 via target object 1005. Network node 1002, RIS 1004, target object 1005, and network node 1006 may be the same as network node 902, RIS 904, target object 905, and network node 906 in Figure 9, respectively. In 1008, network node 1002 can estimate the angle of incidence of the detection signal 1018 when it hits RIS 1004, and / or the angle of reflection of the detection signal 1020 when it reflects off RIS 1004. Network node 1002 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or reflection based on the location indication of network node 1002 and the location indication of RIS 1004.

[0178]

[0160] In 1010, the network node 1002 may configure a set of detection signal resources for the RIS 1004. Each of the set of detection signal resources may be associated with an incident angle and / or a reflection angle. The network node 1002 may transmit a detection signal configuration 1012 for the set of detection signal resources to the RIS 1004. The detection signal configuration 1012 may have at least one association of an incident angle or a reflection angle with each of the set of detection signal resources. The set of detection signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. For each of the set of detection signal resources, the detection signal configuration 1012 may indicate at least one of a set of incident beam directional angles, a range of incident beam directional angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam directional angles associated with a set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with a range of reflected beam angles. In some embodiments, the detection signal configuration 1012 may indicate an incident beam directional angle θ to the RIS 1004. i This may indicate that the detection signal configuration 1012 is such that the incident beam direction angle θ to RIS1004 is such that RIS1004 iThe location of network node 1002 that can be used to calculate the value may be indicated.

[0179]

[0161] In 1014, RIS1004 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The instruction 1016 for the set of frequency compensation coefficients is, for example, the equivalent channel response value h of each element n in RIS604. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), and the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k. k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g in each subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l k (θ r,l ) may include. The instruction 1016 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensing signal resources. The RIS may transmit the instruction 1016 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients to network node 1002. Network node 1002 can communicate directly with network node 1006 (e.g., via an LOS wireless path or a backhaul / midhaul wired path), so network node 1002 can output the instruction 1016 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients to network node 1006 as an instruction 1017 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients. In some embodiments, RIS 1004 may transmit an instruction 1032 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients to network node 1006 as an additional or alternative. Network node 1006 can receive the instruction 1017 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients from network node 1002 and / or the instruction 1032 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients from RIS 1004.

[0180]

[0162] Network node 1002 may transmit detection signal 1018 to RIS 1004. RIS 1004 can reflect detection signal 1018 as detection signal 1020 toward target object 1005. Target object 1005 can reflect detection signal 1020 as detection signal 1021 toward network node 1006.

[0181]

[0163] In 1022, the network node 1006 can perform detection on the detection signal 1021 received by the network node 1006. The network node 1006 can perform detection on the detection signal 1021 based on the instruction 1017 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The network node 1006 can generate a detection result report 1024, including a report of propagation delay and / or distance to the target object 1005 for each of the set of detection signal resources. The network node 1006 may estimate attributes associated with the detection signal 1021, such as the delay in RIS 1004 or the distance between RIS 1004 and the target object 1005, based on the instruction 1017 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to the path of the detection signal 1021 and can be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the instruction 1017 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of the detection signal 1021 may include the path of the detection signal 1018 from network node 1006 to RIS 1004, the path of the detection signal 1020 from RIS 1004 to target object 1005, and / or the path of the detection signal 1021 from target object 1005 to network node 1002. Network node 1006 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of the detection signal 1021 based on the instruction 1017 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report 1024 may show, for example, an estimate of the estimated distance between RIS 1004 and target object 1005, or the estimated distance between target object 1005 and network node 1006, or the estimated distance between RIS 1004 and network node 1002, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between network node 1002 and RIS 1004, the distance between RIS 1004 and target object 1005, and the distance between target object 1005 and network node 1006.

[0182]

[0164] Network node 1006 may output detection result report 1024 to network node 1002. In some embodiments, network node 1006 may, in addition or otherwise, send detection result report 1024 to another wireless device. For example, instead of sending detection result report 1034 to network node 1002, or in addition to sending it to network node 1002, network node 1006 may send detection result report 1024 to RIS 1004. RIS 1004 may reflect detection result report 1034 to network node 1002 as detection result report 1036. In another example, network node 1006 may send the detection result report to another network node, which may process the detection result report or forward the detection result report to network node 1002.

[0183]

[0165] Figure 11 is a connection flow diagram 1100 showing an example of a RIS 1104 configured to receive a detection signal 1118 from a network node 1102 via a target object 1105 and forward it back to the network node 1102. The network node 1102, RIS 1104, and target object 1105 may be the same as the network node 502, RIS 504, and target object 505 in Figure 5C, respectively. In 1108, the network node 1102 can estimate the angle of incidence of the detection signal 1118 when it hits the RIS 1104, and / or the angle of reflection of the detection signal 1120 when it reflects off the RIS 1104. The network node 1102 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or reflection based on the location indication of the network node 1102 and the location indication of the RIS 1104.

[0184]

[0166] In 1110, the network node 1102 may configure a set of detection signal resources for the RIS 1104. Each of the set of detection signal resources may be associated with an incident angle and / or a reflection angle. The network node 1102 may transmit a detection signal configuration 1112 for the set of detection signal resources to the RIS 1104. The detection signal configuration 1112 may have at least one association of an incident angle or a reflection angle with each of the set of detection signal resources. The set of detection signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. For each of the set of detection signal resources, the detection signal configuration 1112 may indicate at least one of a set of incident beam directional angles, a range of incident beam directional angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam directional angles associated with a set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with a range of reflected beam angles. In some embodiments, the detection signal configuration 1112 may indicate an incident beam directional angle θ to the RIS 1104. i This may indicate that the detection signal configuration 1112 is such that the incident beam direction angle θ to RIS1104 is such that RIS1104 i The location of network node 1102 that can be used to calculate this may be indicated.

[0185]

[0167] In 1114, RIS1104 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. RIS1104 may estimate at least one of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients as the product of a first frequency domain compensation coefficient for a DL reflection (e.g., a DL reflection having sensing signal 1118 as the incident signal and sensing signal 1120 as the reflected signal) and a second frequency domain compensation coefficient for a UL reflection (e.g., a UL reflection having sensing signal 1119 as the incident signal and sensing signal 1121 as the reflected signal). RIS may transmit instruction 1116 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 1102. Instruction 1116 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients is, for example, the equivalent channel response value h of each element n in RIS1104. n, the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), and the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k. k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g in each subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l k (θ r,l The instruction 1116 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensing signal resources.

[0186]

[0168] Network node 1102 may transmit detection signal 1118 to RIS 1104. RIS 1104 may reflect detection signal 1118 as detection signal 1120 toward target object 1105. Target object 1105 may include a UAV configured to reflect signals from a first part of RIS 1104 toward a second part of RIS 1104. Target object 1105 may also be configured to reflect signals from a third part of RIS 1104 toward a fourth part of RIS 1104, providing bidirectional reflective communication. Target object 1105 may reflect detection signal 1120 as detection signal 1119 toward RIS 1104. RIS 1104 may reflect detection signal 1119 as detection signal 1121 toward network node 1102.

[0187]

[0169] In 1122, network node 1102 may perform detection on detection signal 1121 received by RIS 1104. Network node 1102 can perform detection on detection signal 1121 based on instruction 1116 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. Network node 1102 may generate detection result reports, such as reports of propagation delay and / or distance to target object 1105 for each of the set of detection signal resources. Network node 1102 may estimate attributes associated with detection signal 1121, such as delay in RIS 1104 or distance between RIS 1104 and target object 1105, based on instruction 1116 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to the path of detection signal 1121 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on instruction 1116 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of detection signal 1121 may include the path of detection signal 1118 from network node 1102 to RIS 1104, the path of detection signal 1120 from RIS 1104 to target object 1105, the path of detection signal 1119 from target object 1105 to RIS 1104, and / or the path of detection signal 1121 from RIS 1104 to network node 1102. Network node 1102 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of detection signal 1121 based on the instruction 1116 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report may, for example, show an estimated distance between RIS1104 and target object 1105, or an estimated distance between RIS1104 and network node 1102, or an estimated value for the sum of the distance between network node 1102 and RIS1104, the distance between RIS1104 and target object 1105, the distance between target object 1105 and RIS1104, and the distance between RIS1104 and network node 1102.

[0188]

[0170] Figure 12 is a connection flow diagram 1200 showing an example of a RIS 1204 configured to receive a detection signal 1218 from a network node 1202 and forward it to a target object 1205, the target object 1205 forwarding the detection signal back to the network node 1202. The network node 1202, RIS 1204, and target object 1205 may be the same as the network node 502, RIS 504, and target object 505 in Figure 5C, respectively. In 1208, the network node 1202 can estimate the angle of incidence of the detection signal 1218 when it hits the RIS 1204, and / or the angle of reflection of the detection signal 1220 when it reflects off the RIS 1204. The network node 1202 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or reflection based on the location indication of the network node 1202 and the location indication of the RIS 1204.

[0189]

[0171] In 1210, the network node 1202 may configure a set of detection signal resources for the RIS 1204. Each of the set of detection signal resources may be associated with an incident angle and / or a reflection angle. The network node 1202 may transmit a detection signal configuration 1212 for the set of detection signal resources to the RIS 1204. The detection signal configuration 1212 may have at least one association of an incident angle or a reflection angle with each of the set of detection signal resources. The set of detection signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. For each of the set of detection signal resources, the detection signal configuration 1212 may indicate at least one of a set of incident beam directional angles, a range of incident beam directional angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam directional angles associated with a set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with a range of reflected beam angles. In some embodiments, the detection signal configuration 1212 indicates the incident beam directional angle θ to the RIS 1204. i This may indicate that the detection signal configuration 1212 is such that the incident beam direction angle θ to RIS1204 is such that RIS1204 iThis may indicate the location of network node 1202 that can be used to calculate [the value].

[0190]

[0172] In 1214, RIS1204 may estimate a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources. RIS may send instruction 1216 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to network node 1202. Instruction 1216 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients is, for example, the equivalent channel response value h of each element n in RIS1204. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), and the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k. k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficient g in each subcarrier k and the detection signal resource l k (θ r,l ) may include. Instruction 1216 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensing signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensing signal resources.

[0191]

[0173] Network node 1202 may transmit detection signal 1218 to RIS 1204. RIS 1204 may reflect detection signal 1218 as detection signal 1220 toward target object 1205. Target object 1205 may include a UAV configured to reflect signals from a first part of RIS 1204 toward a second part of RIS 1204. Target object 1205 may also be configured to reflect signals from a third part of RIS 1204 toward network node 1202. Target object 1205 may reflect detection signal 1220 toward network node 1202 as detection signal 1219.

[0192]

[0174] In 1222, network node 1202 may perform detection on detection signal 1219 from target object 1205. Network node 1202 may perform detection on detection signal 1219 based on instruction 1216 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. Network node 1202 may generate detection result reports, such as reports of propagation delay and / or distance to target object 1205 for each of the set of detection signal resources. Network node 1202 may estimate attributes associated with detection signal 1219, such as delay in RIS 1204 or distance between RIS 1204 and target object 1205, based on instruction 1216 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to the path of detection signal 1219 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on instruction 1216 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of the detection signal 1219 may include the path of the detection signal 1218 from network node 1202 to RIS 1204, the path of the detection signal 1220 from RIS 1204 to target object 1205, and / or the path of the detection signal 1219 from target object 1205 to network node 1202. Network node 1202 may compensate for the amplitude or phase value of the detection signal 1219 based on the instruction 1216 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report may show, for example, an estimated distance between RIS 1204 and target object 1205, or an estimated distance between RIS 1204 and network node 1202, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between network node 1202 and RIS 1204, the distance between RIS 1204 and target object 1205, the distance between target object 1205 and RIS 1204, and the distance between RIS 1204 and network node 1202.

[0193]

[0175] Figure 13 is a flowchart 1300 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a first network node (e.g., UE104, UE350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 402, network node 502, network node 602, network node 702, network node 802, network node 902, network node 1002, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). In 1302, the first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device. For example, 1302 may be performed by network node 802 in Figure 8, which may transmit a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle or the reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, Figure 1302 may be implemented by the configuration 198 of Figures 21 to 23.

[0194]

[0176] In 1304, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. For example, 1304 may be implemented by the network node 802 in Figure 8, which may transmit a detection signal 818 based on the detection signal configuration 812 of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1304 may be implemented by the components 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0195]

[0177] Figure 14 is a flowchart 1400 of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a first network node (e.g., UE104, UE350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 402, network node 502, network node 602, network node 702, network node 802, network node 902, network node 1002, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360).

[0196]

[0178] In 1401, the first network node may estimate at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on the first location instruction of the wireless device and the second location instruction of the first network node. For example, 1401 may be performed by the network node 802 in Figure 8, and in 808, at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or the reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804 may be estimated based on the first location instruction of the RIS 804 and the second location instruction of the network node 802. Furthermore, 1401 can be performed by the component 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0197]

[0179] At 1402, the first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam azimuth angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam azimuth angle of a wireless device. For example, 1402 may be performed by network node 802 in FIG. 8, which may transmit sensing signal configuration 812 of the set of resources for sensing signal 818. Each of the set of resources configured by sensing signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of an incident beam azimuth angle of RIS 804 or a reflected beam azimuth angle of RIS 804. Further, 1402 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21-23.

[0198]

[0180] At 1404, the first network node may transmit at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. For example, 1404 may be performed by network node 802 in FIG. 8, which may transmit sensing signal 818 based on sensing signal configuration 812 of the set of resources. Further, 1404 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21-23.

[0199]

[0181] At 1406, the first network node may configure a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. For example, 1406 may be performed by network node 802 in FIG. 8, which may configure the set of resources for sensing signal 818. Further, 1406 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21-23.

[0200]

[0182] At 1408, the first network node may transmit the configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. For example, 1406 may be performed by network node 802 in FIG. 8, and network node 802 may transmit sensing signal configuration 812 of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. Further, 1406 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21-23.

[0201]

[0183] At 1410, the first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources to a wireless device. For example, 1410 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit a sensing signal configuration 812 for the set of resources to RIS 804. Further, 1410 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21 to 23.

[0202]

[0184] At 1412, the first network node may transmit at least one sensing signal to the second network node via the wireless device. For example, 1412 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, and network node 802 may transmit a sensing signal 818 to network node 806 via RIS 804. Further, 1412 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21 to 23.

[0203]

[0185] At 1414, the first network node may transmit at least one sensing signal to the first network node via the wireless device. For example, 1414 may be performed by network node 1102 of FIG. 11, and network node 1102 may transmit a sensing signal 1118 to network node 1102 via RIS 1104. Further, 1414 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21 to 23.

[0204]

[0186] At 1416, the first network node may receive a report of a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal from the second network node. For example, 1416 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, and network node 802 may receive a sensing result report 826 of a sensing operation at 822 for sensing signal 818 from network node 806. Further, 1416 may be performed by component 198 in FIGS. 21 to 23.

[0205]

[0187] Figure 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a first network node (e.g., UE104, UE350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 402, network node 502, network node 602, network node 702, network node 802, network node 902, network node 1002, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). In 1502, the first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device. For example, 1502 may be performed by network node 802 in Figure 8, which may transmit a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of RIS 804 or the reflected beam direction angle of RIS 804. Furthermore, 1502 can be performed by the configuration 198 shown in Figures 21 to 23.

[0206]

[0188] In 1504, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. For example, 1504 may be implemented by the network node 802 in Figure 8, which may transmit a detection signal 818 based on the detection signal configuration 812 of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1504 may be implemented by the component 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0207]

[0189] In 1506, the first network node may receive instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. For example, 1506 may be performed by network node 1002 in Figure 10, and network node 1002 may receive instructions 1016 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the sets of resources for detection signal 1018. Furthermore, 1506 can be performed by the component 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0208]

[0190] In 1508, the first network node may output to the second network node an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. For example, 1506 may be performed by the network node 1002 in Figure 10, which may output to the network node 1006 an instruction 1017 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the sets of resources for the detection signal 1018. Furthermore, 1506 can be performed by the component 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0209]

[0191] In 1510, the first network node may receive instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. For example, 1510 may be implemented by network node 1002 in Figure 10, and network node 1002 may receive instructions 1016 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the sets of resources for detection signal 1018. Furthermore, 1510 can be implemented by the components 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0210]

[0192] In 1512, the first network node may receive a reflection of at least one detection signal based on the reflection via the wireless device. For example, 1512 may be implemented by the network node 1102 in Figure 11, which may receive a reflection of detection signal 1118 as detection signal 1121 based on the reflection via RIS 1104. Furthermore, 1512 may be implemented by the component 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0211]

[0193] In 1514, the first network node may perform a detection operation for at least one reflection of a detection signal based on an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 1514 may be performed by network node 802 in Figure 8, which in 1122 may perform a detection operation for detection signal 1121, which may be a reflection of detection signal 1118, based on an instruction 1116 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1514 can be performed by the component 198 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0212]

[0194] Figure 16 is a flowchart 1600 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., RIS106, RIS404, RIS504, RIS604, RIS704, RIS804, RIS904, RIS1004, RIS1104, RIS1204). In 1602, the wireless device may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. For example, 1602 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of RIS804 or the reflected beam directional angle of RIS804. Furthermore, 1602 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0213]

[0195] In 1604, the wireless device may transmit instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources, based on the configuration. For example, 1604 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may transmit instructions 816 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources, based on the sensing signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1604 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0214]

[0196] In 1606, the wireless device may receive and transmit at least one detection signal based on a set of resources. For example, 1606 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which can receive and transmit a detection signal 818 based on a set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1606 may be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0215]

[0197] Figure 17 is a flowchart 1700 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., RIS106, RIS404, RIS504, RIS604, RIS704, RIS804, RIS904, RIS1004, RIS1104, RIS1204). In 1702, the wireless device may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. For example, 1702 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of RIS804 or the reflected beam directional angle of RIS804. Furthermore, 1702 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0216]

[0198] In 1704, the wireless device may transmit instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources, based on the configuration. For example, 1704 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may transmit instructions 816 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources, based on the sensing signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1704 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0217]

[0199] In 1706, the wireless device may receive and transmit at least one detection signal based on a set of resources. For example, 1706 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which can receive and transmit a detection signal 818 based on a set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1706 may be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0218]

[0200] In 1708, the wireless device may estimate at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the resource set based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1708 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the resource set in 814 based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of RIS804 or the reflected beam direction angle of RIS804. RIS804 may estimate at least one of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients as the product of a first frequency-domain compensation coefficient for DL ​​reflection and a second frequency-domain compensation coefficient for UL reflection.

[0219]

[0201] Furthermore, 1708 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0220]

[0202] In 1710, the wireless device may transmit instructions based on an estimate of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. For example, 1710 may transmit instructions 816 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients to the target object 805 based on an estimate in 814, as can be done by the RIS 804 in Figure 8. Furthermore, 1710 can be done by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0221]

[0203] In 1712, the wireless device may receive a configuration from the first network node. For example, 1712 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which may receive a sensing signal configuration 812 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1712 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0222]

[0204] At 1714, the wireless device may transmit an indication to a first network node. For example, 1714 may be performed by RIS 1004 in FIG. 10, and RIS 1004 may transmit an indication 1016 to network node 1002. Furthermore, 1714 may be performed by component 197 in FIG. 4.

[0223]

[0205] At 1716, the wireless device may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node. For example, 1716 may be performed by RIS 804 in FIG. 8, where RIS 804 may receive detection signal 818 from network node 802. Furthermore, 1716 may be performed by component 197 in FIG. 4.

[0224]

[0206] At 1718, the wireless device may forward the at least one detection signal to a second network node. For example, 1718 may be performed by RIS 804 in FIG. 8, where RIS 804 may forward the detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 to network node 806 via target object 805. 1718 may also be performed by RIS 704 in FIG. 7, where RIS 704 may forward detection signal 718 as detection signal 720 to network node 706. Furthermore, 1718 may be performed by component 197 in FIG. 4.

[0225]

[0207] At 1720, the wireless device may reflect the at least one detection signal based on a set of resources. For example, 1720 may be performed by RIS 804 in FIG. 8, where RIS 804 may reflect detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 based on the set of resources. Furthermore, 1720 may be performed by component 197 in FIG. 4.

[0226]

[0208] Figure 18 is a flowchart 1800 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., RIS106, RIS404, RIS504, RIS604, RIS704, RIS804, RIS904, RIS1004, RIS1104, RIS1204). In 1802, the wireless device may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. For example, 1802 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of RIS804 or the reflected beam directional angle of RIS804. Furthermore, 1802 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0227]

[0209] In 1804, the wireless device may transmit instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources, based on the configuration. For example, 1804 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may transmit instructions 816 for a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources, based on the sensing signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1804 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0228]

[0210] In 1806, the wireless device may receive and transmit at least one detection signal based on a set of resources. For example, 1806 may be implemented by the RIS804 in Figure 8, which can receive and transmit a detection signal 818 based on a set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1806 may be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0229]

[0211] In 1808, the wireless device may receive a configuration from a first network node. For example, 1808 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1808 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0230]

[0212] In 1810, the wireless device may transmit instructions to a second network node. For example, 1810 may be performed by RIS804 in Figure 8, which may transmit instructions 816 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 806 via the target object 805. 1810 may also be performed by RIS704 in Figure 7, which may transmit instructions 716 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 706. Furthermore, 1810 can be performed by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0231]

[0213] In 1812, the wireless device may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node. For example, 1812 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal 818 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1812 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0232]

[0214] In 1814, the wireless device can forward at least one detection signal to a second network node. For example, 1814 may be implemented by RIS804 in Figure 8, which can forward detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 to network node 806 via target object 805. 1814 may also be implemented by RIS704, which can forward detection signal 718 as detection signal 720 to network node 706. Furthermore, 1814 can be implemented by component 197 in Figure 4.

[0233]

[0215] In 1816, the wireless device can transmit at least one detection signal to a second network node via the target object. For example, 1816 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which transmits the detection signal 818 to the network node 806 via the target object 805. Furthermore, 1816 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0234]

[0216] In 1818, the wireless device may receive a configuration from a first network node. For example, 1818 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which can receive a sensing signal configuration 812 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1818 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0235]

[0217] In 1820, the wireless device may transmit instructions to a first network node. For example, 1820 may be implemented by the RIS 1004 in Figure 10, which can transmit instructions 1016 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 1002. Furthermore, 1820 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0236]

[0218] In 1822, the wireless device may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node. For example, 1822 may be implemented by the RIS 804 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal 818 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1822 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0237]

[0219] In 1824, the wireless device may forward at least one detection signal to the first network node. For example, 1824 may be implemented by the RIS 1104 in Figure 11, which may forward detection signal 1119 as detection signal 1121 to the network node 1102. Furthermore, 1824 can be implemented by the component 197 in Figure 4.

[0238]

[0220] Figure 19 is a flowchart 1900 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a second network node (e.g., UE104, UE350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 406, network node 506, network node 606, network node 706, network node 806, network node 906, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). In 1902, the second network node may receive instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device. For example, 1902 may be performed by network node 806 in Figure 8, and network node 806 may receive instructions 817 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of a set of resources for sensing signal 821. Each of the resource sets can be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle or the reflected beam direction angle of the RIS804. Furthermore, 1902 can be performed by the component 199 shown in Figures 21 to 23.

[0239]

[0221] In 1904, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal via a wireless device. For example, 1904 may be implemented by the network node 806 in Figure 8, which may receive the detection signal 821 via the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1904 may be implemented by the component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0240]

[0222] In 1906, the second network node may perform a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 1906 may be performed by network node 806 in Figure 8, and network node 806 may perform a detection operation for detection signal 821 in 822 based on an instruction 817 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1906 can be performed by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0241]

[0223] Figure 20 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method 2000. The method may be performed by a second network node (e.g., UE104, UE350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 406, network node 506, network node 606, network node 706, network node 806, network node 906, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). In 2002, the second network node may receive instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device. For example, 2002 may be performed by network node 806 in Figure 8, and network node 806 may receive instructions 817 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of a set of resources for sensing signal 821. Each of the resource sets can be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle or the reflected beam direction angle of the RIS804. Furthermore, 2002 can be performed by the component 199 shown in Figures 21 to 23.

[0242]

[0224] In 2004, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal via a wireless device. For example, 2004 may be implemented by the network node 806 in Figure 8, which may receive detection signal 821 via RIS 804. Furthermore, 2004 may be implemented by the component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0243]

[0225] In 2006, the second network node may perform a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 2006 may be performed by network node 806 in Figure 8, which may perform a detection operation for detection signal 821 in 822 based on an instruction 817 for a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2006 can be performed by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0244]

[0226] In 2008, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node via a wireless device. For example, 2008 may be implemented by network node 802 in Figure 8, which may receive detection signal 821 from network node 806 via RIS 804. 2008 may also be implemented by network node 702 in Figure 7, which may receive detection signal 720 from network node 706 via RIS 704. Furthermore, 2008 may be implemented by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0245]

[0227] In 2010, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node via the wireless device and the target object. For example, 2010 may be implemented by the network node 802 in Figure 8, which may receive a detection signal 821 from the network node 806 via the RIS 804 and the target object 805. Furthermore, 2010 may be implemented by the component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0246]

[0228] In 2012, a second network node may receive at least one detection signal via a wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device. For example, 2012 may be implemented by network node 806 in Figure 8, which may receive detection signal 821 via RIS804 based on the reflectivity of RIS804. 2012 may also be implemented by network node 706 in Figure 7, which may receive detection signal 720 via RIS704 based on the reflectivity of RIS704. Furthermore, 2012 can be implemented by the components 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0247]

[0229] In 2014, a second network node may estimate at least one of the delays or distances associated with at least one detection signal based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 2014 may be performed by network node 806 in Figure 8, which may estimate at least one of the delays or distances associated with detection signal 821 based on instruction 817 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources in 822. Furthermore, 2014 can be performed by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0248]

[0230] In 2016, the second network node may compensate for at least one of the amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 2016 may be implemented by network node 806 in Figure 8, which may compensate for at least one of the amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on instruction 817 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2016 may be implemented by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0249]

[0231] In 2018, a second network node may estimate a delay value corresponding to the path of at least one detection signal by performing an IFFT based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 2018 may be performed by network node 806 in Figure 8, which may estimate a delay value corresponding to the path of detection signal 821 by performing an IFFT based on the instruction 817 of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2018 can be performed by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0250]

[0232] In 2020, the second network node may send a detection operation report for at least one detection signal to at least one of the first or third network nodes. For example, 2020 may be implemented by network node 806 in Figure 8, which may send a detection result report 824 for detection signal 821 to network node 802 via RIS 804 and target object 805. 2020 may also be implemented by network node 906 in Figure 9, which may send a detection result report 924 for detection signal 921 to network node 902. Any of network nodes 606, 706, 806, 906, or 1006 may be configured to send detection result reports 624, 724, 824, 924, or 1024 to another network node. Furthermore, 2020 can be implemented by component 199 in Figures 21 to 23.

[0251]

[0233] Figure 21 is Figure 2100, which shows an example of a hardware implementation for device 2104. Device 2104 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or implement UE functions. In some embodiments, device 2104 may include a cellular baseband processor 2124 (also called a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 2122 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 2124 may include on-chip memory 2124'. In some embodiments, device 2104 may further include an application processor 2106 coupled to one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 2120, a secure digital (SD) card 2108, and a screen 2110. The application processor 2106 may include on-chip memory 2106'. In some embodiments, the device 2104 may further include a Bluetooth module 2112, a WLAN module 2114, an SPS module 2116 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 2118 (e.g., motion sensors such as a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter, an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies used for positioning), an additional memory module 2126, a power supply 2130, and / or a camera 2132. The Bluetooth module 2112, the WLAN module 2114, and the SPS module 2116 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, simply a receiver (Rx)).The Bluetooth module 2112, the WLAN module 2114, and the SPS module 2116 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize antenna 2180 for communication. The cellular baseband processor 2124 communicates with the RU associated with the UE 104 and / or network entity 2102 via one or more antennas 2180 and transceiver(s) 2122. The cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106 may each include computer-readable media / memories 2124', 2106', respectively. Additional memory modules 2126 can also be considered computer-readable media / memories. Each computer-readable media / memories 2124', 2106', 2126 may be non-transient. The cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable media / memories. When the software is executed by the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106, it causes the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 to perform the various functions described above. Computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 when the software is executed. The cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 may be a component of the UE350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of the Tx processor 368, Rx processor 356, and controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 2104 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) or may include only the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or application processor 2106, while in another configuration, the device 2104 may be the entire UE (see, for example, the UE350 in Figure 3) or may include additional modules of the device 2104.

[0252]

[0234] As described above, component 198 is configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. Component 198 may be in the cellular baseband processor 2124, the application processor 2106, or both the cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. As shown in the figure, the device 2104 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 2104, in particular the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or application processor 2106, includes means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The device 2104 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on a configuration of a set of resources. The device 2104 may include means for configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The device 2104 may include means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal by transmitting a configuration of a set of resources based on a configured set of resources. The device 2104 may include means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources by transmitting the configuration of a set of resources to a wireless device. The device 2104 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on a configuration of a set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via a wireless device.Device 2104 may include means for receiving a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal from a second network node. Device 2104 may include means for receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. Device 2104 may include means for outputting an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal to a second network node. Device 2104 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a first network node via a wireless device. Device 2104 may include means for receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. Device 2104 may include means for receiving a reflection of at least one detection signal based on a reflection via a wireless device. Device 2104 may include means for performing a detection operation for a reflection of at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for estimating at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device, based on a first location instruction of a wireless device and a second location instruction of a first network node. The means may be a component 198 of the apparatus 2104 configured to perform the enumerated functions. As described above, the apparatus 2104 may include a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the enumerated functions.

[0253]

[0235] As described above, component 199 is configured to receive an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. Component 199 may be in the cellular baseband processor 2124, the application processor 2106, or both the cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. As shown in the figure, the device 2104 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 2104, in particular the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or application processor 2106, includes means for receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device by means of at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device and a target object. The device 2104 may also include means for receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device by means of receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device. The device 2104 may also include means for transmitting a detection operation report for at least one detection signal to a first or third network node.The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating at least one of delays or distances associated with at least one sensing signal based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by compensating at least one of amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating a delay value corresponding to the path of at least one sensing signal by performing an IFFT based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The means may be components 199 of the apparatus 2104 configured to perform the enumerated functions by the means. As described above, the apparatus 2104 may include a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, this means may be a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the enumerated functions by said means.

[0254]

[0236] Figure 22 is Figure 2200 showing an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 2202. Network entity 2202 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or implement BS functionality. Network entity 2202 may include at least one of CU2210, DU2230, or RU2240. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 2202 may include CU2210, both CU2210 and DU2230, each of CU2210, DU2230, and RU2240, both DU2230, DU2230, and RU2240, or RU2240. CU2210 may include a CU processor 2212. CU processor 2212 may include on-chip memory 2212'. In some embodiments, CU2210 may further include an additional memory module 2214 and a communication interface 2218. CU2210 communicates with CU2230 via a midhaul link such as an F1 interface. CU2230 may include a DU processor 2232. The DU processor 2232 may include on-chip memory 2232'. In some embodiments, CU2230 may further include an additional memory module 2234 and a communication interface 2238. CU2230 communicates with RU2240 via a fronthaul link. RU2240 may include an RU processor 2242. The RU processor 2242 may include on-chip memory 2242'. In some embodiments, RU2240 may further include an additional memory module 2244, one or more transceivers 2246, an antenna 2280, and a communication interface 2248. RU2240 communicates with UE104. The on-chip memories 2212', 2232', 2242' and the additional memory modules 2214, 2234, 2244 can each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-temporary. Each of the processors 2212, 2232, and 2242 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory.When software is executed by a corresponding processor(s), it causes the processor(s)(s)(s)(s) to perform the various functions described above. Computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s)(s) when the software is executed.

[0255]

[0237] As described above, component 198 is configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. Component 198 may be in one or more processors of one or more of CU2210, DU2230, and RU2240. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. Network entity 2202 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 2202 includes means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of a set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal by transmitting a configuration of a set of resources based on a configured set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources by transmitting the configuration of a set of resources to a wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on a configuration of a set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via a wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving a report of detection operation for at least one detection signal from the second network node.Network entity 2202 may include means for receiving instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. Network entity 2202 may include means for outputting instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal to a second network node. Network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a first network node via a wireless device. Network entity 2202 may include means for receiving instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. Network entity 2202 may include means for receiving reflections of at least one detection signal based on reflections via a wireless device. Network entity 2202 may include means for performing detection operations for reflections of at least one detection signal based on instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for estimating at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device, based on a first location instruction of a wireless device and a second location instruction of a first network node. The means may be a component 198 of the network entity 2202 configured to perform the functions enumerated by the means. As described above, the network entity 2202 may include a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and / or a controller / processor 375 configured to perform the enumerated functions by the means.

[0256]

[0238] As described above, component 199 is configured to receive instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to receive at least one detection signal via the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to perform a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. Component 199 may be located in one or more processors of one or more of the CU2210, DU2230, and RU2240. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. The network entity 2202 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2202 includes means for receiving instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving at least one sensing signal via a wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing sensing operations for at least one sensing signal based on instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving at least one sensing signal via a wireless device by receiving at least one sensing signal from a first network node via a wireless device.Network entity 2202 may include means for receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device by at least one detection signal from a first network node via a wireless device and a target object. Network entity 2202 may include means for receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device by receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device. Network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal to a first or third network node. Network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient by estimating at least one of delay or distance associated with at least one detection signal based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. Network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient by compensating at least one of amplitude or phase values ​​based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing a sensing operation on at least one sensing signal based on the indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating a delay value corresponding to the path of at least one sensing signal by performing an IFFT based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The means may be a component 199 of the network entity 2202 configured to perform the functions enumerated by the means. As described above, the network entity 2202 may include a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and a controller / processor 375.Therefore, in one configuration, this means may be a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and / or a controller / processor 375 configured to perform the enumerated functions by said means.

[0257]

[0239] Figure 23 is Figure 2300, which shows an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 2360. In one example, network entity 2360 may be within core network 120. Network entity 2360 may include network processor 2312. Network processor 2312 may include on-chip memory 2312'. In some embodiments, network entity 2360 may further include an additional memory module 2314. Network entity 2360 communicates with CU 2302 directly (e.g., via a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via RIC) via network interface 2380. On-chip memory 2312' and additional memory module 2314 may each be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transient. Processor 2312 is responsible for overall processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. When software is executed by a corresponding processor(s), it causes the processor(s)(s)(s)(s) to perform the various functions described above. Computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s)(s) when the software is executed.

[0258]

[0240] As described above, component 198 is configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. Component 198 may be located within the processor 2312. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. Network entity 2360 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 2360 includes means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal by transmitting a configuration of a set of resources based on a configured set of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources by transmitting the configuration of a set of resources to a wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on a configuration of a set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via a wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving a report of detection activity for at least one detection signal from the second network node.Network entity 2360 may include means for receiving instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. Network entity 2360 may include means for outputting instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal to a second network node. Network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a first network node via a wireless device. Network entity 2360 may include means for receiving instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. Network entity 2360 may include means for receiving reflections of at least one detection signal based on reflections via a wireless device. Network entity 2360 may include means for performing detection operations for reflections of at least one detection signal based on instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for estimating at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of a wireless device, based on a first location instruction of a wireless device and a second location instruction of a first network node. The means may be a component 198 of the network entity 2360 configured to perform the functions enumerated by the means.

[0259]

[0241] As described above, component 199 is configured to receive instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. Component 199 may be located within the processor 2312. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the described process / algorithm, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or may be any combination thereof. The network entity 2360 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2360 includes means for receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device, by at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device and a target object. The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device by receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal to a first or third network node. The network entity 2360 may include means for performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating at least one of the delays or distances associated with the at least one detection signal based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources.The network entity 2360 may include means for performing a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on the indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by compensating for at least one of amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2360 may also include means for performing a sensing operation for at least one sensing signal based on the indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating a delay value corresponding to the path of at least one sensing signal by performing an IFFT based on at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The means may be a component 199 of the network entity 2360 configured to perform the functions enumerated by the means.

[0260]

[0242] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is an example of an exemplary technique. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in those process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The claims of the attached method present various block elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0261]

[0243] The foregoing description is provided so that any person skilled in the art may practice the various embodiments described herein. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the claims should not be limited to the embodiments described herein, but should be given the entire scope consistent with the wording of the claims. References to elements in the singular form should mean "one or more" rather than "only one" unless otherwise specified. Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or response. That is, these phrases, for example "when," do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply mean that an action will occur if the conditions are met, but without any specific or immediate temporal constraints for that action to occur. The term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, case, or illustration.” No embodiment described herein as “exemplary” should be construed as necessarily preferable or advantageous to any other embodiment. Unless otherwise specified, the term “several” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C.Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" can be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and any such combination may contain one or more elements of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, having one or more elements. Therefore, with respect to a set of X, X will contain one or more elements. When the first device receives data from or transmits data to the second device, the data can be received / transmitted directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices through a set of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of elements of various aspects described throughout this disclosure, which are known to those skilled in the art or which will become known thereafter, are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be made public, whether such disclosure is expressly enumerated in the claims or not. The terms “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” and “device” may not be substitutes for the term “means.” Therefore, no element of the claims should be interpreted as means plus function unless that element is expressly enumerated using the phrase “~means.”

[0262]

[0244] As used herein, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set such as information, one or more conditions, one or more factors. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as “based on at least A” unless otherwise specified.

[0263]

[0245] A device configured to "output" data such as a transmission, signal, or message may, for example, use a transceiver to transmit data or send data to a device that transmits data. A device configured to "acquire" data such as a transmission, signal, or message may, for example, use a transceiver to receive data or acquire data from a device that receives data.

[0264]

[0246] The following embodiments are illustrative and may be combined with other embodiments or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0265]

[0247] Embodiment 1 is a method for wireless communication at a first network node, the method may include transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device and the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device. The method may include transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. A configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal may be transmitted to a wireless device. At least one detection signal may be transmitted to a wireless device. The wireless device may be capable of detecting a first portion of an incident wave. The wireless device may be capable of reflecting a second portion of an incident wave. The first portion and the second portion may or may not overlap.

[0266]

[0248] Embodiment 2 is a method of Embodiment 1, the method may include configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal may include transmitting a configuration of a set of resources based on a configured set of resources.

[0267]

[0249] Embodiment 3 is the method of any one of Embodiments 1 and 2, wherein transmitting the configuration of a set of resources may include transmitting the configuration of a set of resources to a wireless device.

[0268]

[0250] Embodiment 4 is the method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the wireless device may include a RIS.

[0269]

[0251] Embodiment 5 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of a set of resources may include transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via a wireless device.

[0270]

[0252] Embodiment 6 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the method may include receiving a report of detection operation for at least one detection signal from a second network node.

[0271]

[0253] Embodiment 7 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the method may include receiving an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal. The method may include outputting an instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the sets of resources for at least one detection signal to a second network node. The instruction for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient may be received from a wireless device.

[0272]

[0254] Embodiment 8 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of a set of resources may include transmitting at least one detection signal to a first network node via a wireless device. The detection signal is transmitted to the wireless device and may be reflected back to the first network node. The wireless device may reflect the detection signal to a target object, the target object may reflect the detection signal back to the wireless device, and the wireless device may then reflect the detection signal back to the first network node.

[0273]

[0255] Embodiment 9 is the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the method may include receiving a specification for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The method may include receiving a reflection of at least one detection signal based on a reflection via a wireless device. The method may include performing a detection operation for the reflection of at least one detection signal based on a specification for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources.

[0274]

[0256] Embodiment 10 is a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the method may include estimating at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of a wireless device based on a first location instruction of a wireless device and a second location instruction of a first network node.

[0275]

[0257] Embodiment 11 is a method of wireless communication in a wireless device, the method may include receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device and the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The method may include transmitting an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The method may include receiving and transmitting at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The wireless device may be capable of detecting a first portion of an incident wave. The wireless device may be capable of reflecting a second portion of an incident wave. The first portion and the second portion may or may not overlap.

[0276]

[0258] Embodiment 12 is the method of Embodiment 11, wherein receiving and transmitting at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include reflecting at least one detection signal based on a set of resources.

[0277]

[0259] Embodiment 13 is the method of any one of embodiments 11 and 12, wherein the method may include estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Transmitting instructions for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on the configuration may include transmitting instructions based on estimation of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient.

[0278]

[0260] Embodiment 14 describes a method,

[0279]

number

[0280] The method according to embodiment 13 may include estimating a frequency domain compensation coefficient in the nth element of a wireless device based on θ. i θ can be the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device. r This could be the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. n λ may be the distance between the first element of the wireless device and the nth element of the wireless device. λ may also be the wavelength of at least one sensing signal. n is, formula

[0281]

number

[0282] It may also be estimated using

[0283]

[0261] Embodiment 15 is the method of Embodiment 13, wherein at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient is estimated as the product of a first frequency domain compensation coefficient for DL ​​reflection and a second frequency domain compensation coefficient for UL reflection.

[0284]

[0262] Embodiment 16 is the method of any one of embodiments 11 to 15, wherein receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal may include receiving a configuration from a first network node. Transmitting an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include transmitting an instruction to a second network node. Receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node. Receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include forwarding at least one detection signal to a second network node.

[0285]

[0263] Embodiment 17 is the method of Embodiment 16, wherein transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node may include transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node via a target object.

[0286]

[0264] Embodiment 18 is the method of any one of embodiments 11 to 15, wherein receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal may include receiving a configuration from a first network node. Transmitting an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include transmitting an instruction to the first network node. Receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include receiving at least one detection signal from the first network node. Receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include forwarding at least one detection signal to a second network node. The first network node may output an instruction to the second network node.

[0287]

[0265] Embodiment 19 is the method of Embodiment 18, wherein transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node may include transferring at least one detection signal to a second network node via a target object.

[0288]

[0266] Embodiment 20 is the method of any one of embodiments 11 to 15, wherein receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal may include receiving a configuration from a first network node. Transmitting an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include transmitting an instruction to a first network node. Receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node. Receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on a set of resources may include forwarding at least one detection signal to a first network node.

[0289]

[0267] Embodiment 21 is a method of Embodiment 20 in which the transfer of at least one detection signal to a first network node may include the transfer of at least one detection signal to a first network node via a target object that reflects and returns at least one detection signal to a wireless device.

[0290]

[0268] Embodiment 22 is a method of wireless communication in a wireless device, the method may include receiving a specification for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device and the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The method may include receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device. The method may include performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on the specification for at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The wireless device may be capable of detecting a first portion of an incident wave. The wireless device may be capable of reflecting a second portion of an incident wave. The first portion and the second portion may or may not overlap.

[0291]

[0269] Embodiment 23 is the method of Embodiment 22, wherein receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device may include receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node via a wireless device.

[0292]

[0270] Embodiment 24 is the method of Embodiment 22 or 23, wherein receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device and a target object may include receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node via a wireless device.

[0293]

[0271] Embodiment 25 is the method of any one of embodiments 22 to 24, wherein the wireless device may include a RIS.

[0294]

[0272] Embodiment 26 is the method of any one of embodiments 22 to 25, wherein receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device may include receiving at least one detection signal via a wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device.

[0295]

[0273] Embodiment 27 is the method of any one of embodiments 22 to 26, wherein the method may include transmitting a report of detection operation for at least one detection signal to a first network node or a third network node.

[0296]

[0274] Embodiment 28 is the method of Embodiment 27, wherein the report may include at least one of a first indication of a delay associated with at least one detection signal, or a second indication of a distance associated with at least one detection signal.

[0297]

[0275] Embodiment 29 is the method of any one of embodiments 22 to 28, wherein performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on the indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include estimating at least one of the delays or distances associated with at least one detection signal based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources.

[0298]

[0276] Embodiment 30 is the method of any one of embodiments 22 to 29, wherein performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on the indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include compensating for at least one of amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​for each of the set of resources based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient.

[0299]

[0277] Embodiment 31 is the method of any one of embodiments 22 to 30, wherein performing a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on the indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include estimating a delay value corresponding to the path of at least one detection signal by performing an IFFT based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources.

[0300]

[0278] Embodiment 32 is a device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform any of embodiments 1 to 31, at least in part, based on information stored in the memory.

[0301]

[0279] Embodiment 33 is the apparatus according to Embodiment 32, further comprising at least one of an antenna or transceiver coupled to at least one processor.

[0302]

[0280] Embodiment 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication that includes means for implementing any of Embodiments 1 to 31.

[0303]

[0281] Embodiment 35 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-temporary computer-readable medium) for storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any of embodiments 1 to 31. The invention described in the original claims of this application is listed below. [C1] A device for wireless communication at a first network node, Memory and At least one processor coupled to the memory, The system comprises, and based at least partially on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor, Transmits a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal, wherein each of the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. A device configured to transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. [C2] The at least one processor, To configure the set of resources for the at least one detection signal and to transmit the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor The apparatus according to C1, further configured to transmit the configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. [C3] Further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one processor transmits the configuration of the set of resources, The apparatus according to C1, further configured to transmit the configuration of the set of resources to the wireless device via the transceiver. [C4] The wireless device is the apparatus according to C1, comprising a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). [C5] In order to transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources, the at least one processor The apparatus according to C1, further configured to transmit the at least one detection signal to a second network node via the wireless device. [C6] The at least one processor, The apparatus according to C1, further configured to receive a report of detection operation for at least one detection signal from a second network node. [C7] The at least one processor, The system receives an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal. The apparatus according to C1, further configured to output to a second network node the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal. [C8] In order to transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources, the at least one processor The apparatus according to C1, further configured to transmit the at least one detection signal to the first network node via the wireless device. [C9] The at least one processor, The system receives an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal. Based on the reflection via the wireless device, the reflection of the at least one detection signal is received. The apparatus according to C1, further configured to perform a detection operation for the reflection of the at least one detection signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. [C10] The at least one processor, The apparatus according to C1, further configured to estimate at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on a first location instruction of the wireless device and a second location instruction of the first network node. [C11] A device for wireless communication in a wireless device, Memory and At least one processor coupled to the memory, The system comprises, and based at least partially on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor, The configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal is received, and each of the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Based on the above configuration, an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient is transmitted for each of the set of resources, A device configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. [C12] The apparatus according to C11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to reflect the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources in order to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. [C13] The apparatus according to C11, wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). [C14] The at least one processor, The at least one processor is further configured to estimate the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device, and to transmit the instruction for the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on the configuration, The apparatus according to C11, further configured to transmit the instruction based on the estimation of the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. [C15] In order to estimate the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to C14, further configured to estimate the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient as the product of a first frequency-domain compensation coefficient for downlink (DL) reflections and a second frequency-domain compensation coefficient for uplink (UL) reflections. [C16] The at least one processor further comprises a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, and the at least one processor receives the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal, The transceiver is further configured to receive the configuration from a first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to transmit the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. The system is further configured to transmit the instruction to a second network node, and the at least one processor receives and transmits the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources, The transceiver receives the at least one detection signal from the first network node, The apparatus according to C11, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to the second network node. [C17] In order to transfer the at least one detection signal to the second network node, the at least one processor The apparatus according to C16, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to the second network node via a target object. [C18] To receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor, Further configured to receive the configuration from a first network node, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the instructions for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. The instructions are further configured to be transmitted to the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The first network node receives the at least one detection signal, The apparatus according to C11, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to a second network node. [C19] To receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor, Further configured to receive the configuration from a first network node, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the instructions for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. The instructions are further configured to be transmitted to the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The first network node receives the at least one detection signal, The apparatus according to C11, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to the first network node. [C20] Device for wireless communication at a second network node, Memory and At least one processor coupled to the memory, The system comprises, and based at least partially on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor, The system receives instructions for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal, and each of the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The wireless device receives the at least one detection signal, A device configured to perform a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on the indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. [C21] The wireless device further comprises a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor receives the at least one detection signal via the wireless device. The apparatus according to C20, further configured to receive the at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device through the transceiver. [C22] The at least one processor receives the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, The apparatus according to C20, further configured to receive the at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device and the target object. [C23] The apparatus according to C20, wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). [C24] The at least one processor receives the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, The apparatus according to C20, configured to receive the at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device. [C25] The at least one processor, The apparatus according to C20, further configured to transmit a report of the detection operation for the at least one detection signal to at least one of the first network node or the third network node. [C26] The apparatus according to C25, wherein the report includes at least one of a first indication of a delay associated with the at least one detection signal, or a second indication of a distance associated with the at least one detection signal. [C27] Based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor performs the sensing operation for the at least one sensing signal, The apparatus according to C20, configured to estimate at least one of the delays or distances associated with the at least one detection signal based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. [C28] Based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor performs the sensing operation for the at least one sensing signal, The apparatus according to C20, configured to compensate for at least one of amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. [C29] Based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor performs the sensing operation for the at least one sensing signal, The apparatus according to C20, configured to estimate a delay value corresponding to the path of the at least one sensing signal by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. [C30] A method for wireless communication at a first network node, Transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal, wherein each of the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Based on the configuration of the set of resources, transmit the at least one detection signal. A method that includes [a certain feature].

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication at a first network node, Memory and At least one processor coupled to the memory, The system comprises, and based at least partially on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor, Transmits a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal, wherein each resource in the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. A device configured to transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources.

2. The aforementioned at least one processor, To configure the set of resources for the at least one detection signal and to transmit the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to transmit the configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources.

3. The at least one processor further comprises a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, and the at least one processor transmits the configuration of the set of resources, The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to transmit the configuration of the set of resources to the wireless device via the transceiver.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

5. To transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to transmit the at least one detection signal to a second network node via the wireless device.

6. The aforementioned at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to receive a report of detection operation for at least one detection signal from a second network node.

7. The aforementioned at least one processor, The system receives an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources for the at least one detection signal. The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to output to a second network node the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources for the at least one detection signal.

8. To transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to transmit the at least one detection signal to the first network node via the wireless device.

9. The aforementioned at least one processor, The system receives an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources for the at least one detection signal. Based on the reflection via the wireless device, the reflection of the at least one detection signal is received. The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to perform a detection operation for the reflection of the at least one detection signal based on the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources.

10. The aforementioned at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 1, further configured to estimate at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on a first location instruction of the wireless device and a second location instruction of the first network node.

11. A device for wireless communication in wireless devices, Memory and At least one processor coupled to the memory, The system comprises, and based at least partially on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor, The configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal is received, and each resource in the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device, Based on the above configuration, an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources is transmitted. A device configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to reflect the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources in order to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

14. The aforementioned at least one processor, The at least one processor is further configured to estimate the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device, and to transmit the instruction for the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources based on the configuration, The apparatus according to claim 11, further configured to transmit the instruction based on the estimation of the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient.

15. In order to estimate the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 14, further configured to estimate the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient as the product of a first frequency domain compensation coefficient for downlink (DL) reflections and a second frequency domain compensation coefficient for uplink (UL) reflections.

16. The at least one processor further comprises a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, and the at least one processor receives the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal, The transceiver is further configured to receive the configuration from the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to transmit the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. The system is further configured to transmit the instruction to a second network node, and the at least one processor is configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The transceiver receives the at least one detection signal from the first network node, The apparatus according to claim 11, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to the second network node.

17. In order to transfer the at least one detection signal to the second network node, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 16, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to the second network node via a target object.

18. To receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor, The configuration is further configured to receive the configuration from the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to transmit the instructions for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. The instructions are further configured to be transmitted to the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The first network node receives the at least one detection signal, The apparatus according to claim 11, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to a second network node.

19. To receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor, The configuration is further configured to receive the configuration from the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to transmit the instructions for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient. The instructions are further configured to be transmitted to the first network node, and the at least one processor is configured to receive and transmit the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The first network node receives the at least one detection signal, The apparatus according to claim 11, further configured to transfer the at least one detection signal to the first network node.

20. A device for wireless communication at a second network node, Memory and At least one processor coupled to the memory, The system comprises, and based at least partially on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor, The system receives an instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in a set of resources for at least one detection signal, and each resource in the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The wireless device receives the at least one detection signal, A device configured to perform a detection operation for at least one detection signal based on the instruction for at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources.

21. The device further comprises a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, and the at least one processor receives the at least one detection signal via the wireless device. The apparatus according to claim 20, further configured to receive the at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device through the transceiver.

22. To receive the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 20, further configured to receive the at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device and the target object.

23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

24. To receive the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, the at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 20, configured to receive the at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on the reflectivity of the wireless device.

25. The aforementioned at least one processor, The apparatus according to claim 20, further configured to transmit a report of the detection operation for the at least one detection signal to at least one of the first network node or the third network node.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the report includes at least one of a first instruction for a delay associated with the at least one detection signal, or a second instruction for a distance associated with the at least one detection signal.

27. Based on the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor performs the detection operation for the at least one detection signal. The apparatus according to claim 20, configured to estimate at least one delay or distance associated with the at least one detection signal based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources.

28. Based on the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor performs the detection operation for the at least one detection signal. The apparatus according to claim 20, configured to compensate for at least one of amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources.

29. Based on the instruction for the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor performs the detection operation for the at least one detection signal. The apparatus according to claim 20, configured to estimate a delay value corresponding to the path of the at least one detection signal by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each resource in the set of resources.

30. A method for wireless communication at a first network node, Transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal, wherein each resource in the set of resources is associated with at least one of the incident beam directional angle of a wireless device or the reflected beam directional angle of the wireless device. Based on the configuration of the set of resources, transmit the at least one detection signal. A method that includes [a certain feature].

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