Acoustic transmission system, primary circuit, secondary circuit, transmission method, and method of using the acoustic transmission system

Abstract

To provide an acoustic transmission system capable of overcoming a corresponding barrier without impairing the function of the barrier which does not transmit electromagnetic waves.SOLUTION: The acoustic transmission system capable of exchanging information with a volume sealed and / or separated by a barrier opaque to electromagnetic waves includes a primary side S1 having a transmission unit SE, a reception unit EE, and an electroacoustic transducer EAW, and a secondary side S2 having a transponder TP and the electroacoustic transducer EAW.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the transmission of energy and / or information via an airtight and / or galvanic barrier. In particular, the present invention relates to a related transmission system using acoustic waves, a primary circuit therefor, a secondary circuit therefor, a method for transmitting information and / or energy across a barrier, and the use of a corresponding acoustic transmission system.

Background Art

[0002] There is a demand to be able to supplement and control industrial processes. It is a problem to capture and control processes that are difficult to capture with conventional measurement techniques. In fields such as industry, aviation, and ships, there are cases where the measured space for determining the parameters to be measured is separated by a barrier. Pressure vessels and generally closed structures can also be considered as barriers. In particular, barriers that are hermetically sealed and / or impermeable to electromagnetic waves are problematic.

[0003] A particularly problematic barrier is one in which a hole for inserting a sensor into the space to be measured cannot or must not be made.

[0004] Acoustic waves are known to be able to pass through corresponding barriers. For example, electroacoustic transducers are known from US5,594,705A. Corresponding transmission assemblies are described, for example, in the review article "Through-Metal-Wall Power Delivery and Data Transmission for Enclosed Sensors: A Review" by Ding-Xin Yang, Zheng Hu, Hong Zhao, Hai-Feng Hu, Yun-Zhe Sun and Bao-Jian Hou, Sensors 2015, 15, 31581-31605, https: / / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pmc / articles / PMC4721790 / . The use of acoustic waves for power transmission is known from the paper "State-of-the-Art Developments of Acoustic Energy Transfer" (Md Rabiul Awal, Muzammil Jusoh, Thennarasan Sabapathy, Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin, and Rosemizi Abd Rahim; International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Volume 2016, Article ID 3072528, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, https: / / www.researchgate.net / publication / 307893860_State-of-the-Art_Developments_of_Acoustic_Energy_Transfer). For example, DE102007038419B4 discloses a sensor system in a metal housing that can be supplied with energy from the outside by ultrasound and can also transmit sensor data by ultrasound. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Publication No. 5,594,705 [Patent Document 2] German Patent Registration No. 102007038419 [Overview of the Initiative]

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for improved transmission systems that can overcome corresponding barriers without impairing the function of the barriers themselves.

[0007] For this purpose, an acoustic transmission system is provided according to the independent claims. Dependent claims disclose advantageous embodiments of the system, advantageous primary circuits, secondary circuits and methods, and advantageous ways of using the transmission system.

[0008] The transmission system comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, and an electroacoustic transducer on the primary side. The transmitting unit is designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal. The receiving unit is arranged and adapted to receive a reception signal in response to a transmission signal. The electroacoustic transducer is arranged and adapted to convert the transmission signal into an acoustic signal and the acoustic signal into a reception signal. Furthermore, the transmission system comprises a transponder and an electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side. The transponder is designed and adapted to receive a reception signal and transmit a transmission signal. This allows the electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side to make acoustic contact with the electroacoustic transducer on the primary side. In addition, the acoustic transmission system has a medium between the primary and secondary sides that is transparent to acoustic signals.

[0009] Originally, a medium refers to a barrier that must be overcome when information is exchanged between its two sides. The barrier is opaque to electromagnetic waves and can hermetically separate the outside from the inside. Each of the two electroacoustic transducers in a transmission system may be a piezoelectric transducer. A piezoelectric transducer can have a piezoelectric element and an electrode structure. The piezoelectric element converts electrical signals and acoustic signals to each other through the piezoelectric effect. A transducer operating with longitudinal acoustic waves usually has a sandwich structure in which a piezoelectric material is placed between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. This electroacoustic transducer can be made to operate as an electroacoustic resonator when combined with appropriate acoustic termination.

[0010] The transmission system can also include sensors on the secondary side.

[0011] The sensor can be a temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, gas sensor, light sensor, pulse counter, microphone, or similar type of sensor. In particular, the sensor can be a MEMS sensor (MEMS = micro electromechanical system). Such sensors are characterized by being cost-effective to mass-produce, having good electrical characteristics, a good signal-to-noise ratio, and low power consumption.

[0012] The transmission system may include logic circuits on the secondary side.

[0013] Logic circuits can be connected to sensors to drive and control them, perform readouts, and, if necessary, supply the required bias voltage to the sensors. Logic circuits can detect sensor signals. Sensor signals are typically analog. Therefore, if a digital output signal is required, the logic circuit can have an A / D converter to amplify the intensity of the sensor's output signal.

[0014] For communication with the primary side, the secondary side of the transmission system may have a modulator. The modulator may be, for example, a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor). The modulator can code signals from the secondary side to the primary side, for example, to indicate the measurement values ​​of a corresponding sensor.

[0015] Modulation can be amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, or composite modulation combining the different modulation types mentioned above. Switching the amplitude on and off in relation to the response to the primary side is a special form of amplitude modulation.

[0016] Furthermore, the secondary side may have a modulator to appropriately modulate the electrical load of the secondary electroacoustic transducer.

[0017] Modulating the electrical load of the secondary electroacoustic transducer is a preferred embodiment, particularly because it can be implemented as an energy-saving circuit. An electrical load is connected to the secondary electroacoustic transducer, and its impedance can be changed by a modulator. When the secondary side, i.e., the secondary electroacoustic resonator, receives an acoustic wave that has passed through the barrier from the primary side, the secondary electroacoustic transducer converts the acoustic signal into an electrical signal. These electrical signals are applied to the secondary electrical load. The system consisting of the secondary electroacoustic transducer and the impedance-adjustable electrical load connected to it becomes an acoustic wave reflector whose reflection coefficient can be adjusted by setting the electrical load. In this way, when the electrical load of the secondary electroacoustic resonator is modulated, the reflection factor of the acoustic wave is modulated. On the primary side, the modulated acoustic wave can be received and evaluated according to the modulation of the reflection factor.

[0018] When the reflection factor is modulated by modulating the electrical load, special wave excitation is not required on the secondary side of the transmission system; therefore, the corresponding energy consumption on the secondary side for communication with the primary side is minimized.

[0019] The energy consumption on the secondary side can also be made sufficiently small that the energy for transporting acoustic waves from the primary side to the secondary side to supply energy to the circuit elements on the secondary side is adequate. Electrical energy can be easily obtained from the acoustic energy on the primary side via the electroacoustic transducer.

[0020] For this purpose, the transmission system can have a rectifier on the secondary side, and the output current and output voltage corresponding to the electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side can be supplied as a DC voltage on the secondary side, using a smoothing capacitor as necessary.

[0021] A rectifier can be connected between the electroacoustic transducer and the modulator. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to connect the rectifier directly to the modulator.

[0022] Arranging a modulator, for example in the form of a MOSFET transistor, immediately after the rectifier has the advantage, in contrast to the circuit of US 5,594,705, that the input carrier frequency from the primary side is not reduced to 0 volts by, for example, a digital switch modulator such as a transistor during load modulation, due to the small voltage drop across the rectifier. This residual voltage of the carrier frequency can be on the order of, for example, 100 mV, and can be used by the secondary circuit to obtain a clock signal in the secondary side circuit even during this communication time period.

[0023] It is also possible for the transmission system to have a transistor whose base is connected to a terminal for load modulation.

[0024] It is possible that the transistor is the aforementioned MOSFET.

[0025] The transmission system can have a rectifier, for example the rectifier described above, between the electroacoustic transducer and the transistor. Thereby, even if the transistor is short-circuited, it is possible to prevent the voltage of the electroacoustic transducer from becoming zero during load modulation.

[0026] Accordingly, during modulation, it is also possible to derive the secondary-side clock from an incident acoustic wave having a carrier frequency on the primary side.

[0027] The transmission system can also have an intermediate energy storage unit on the secondary side. The intermediate energy storage unit may comprise a capacitor and / or an accumulator. Thereby, the intermediate energy storage unit can store the energy required for infrequent measurement processes. For example, a measurement process using an arc between two electrodes is feasible. The energy available for each measurement process is basically specified according to the energy transferred from the primary side that can be used for measurement on the secondary side and the frequency at which the measurement is to be performed on the secondary side.

[0028] The transponder can be intended and suitable to use the clock of the receiving system as the system clock. In that case, the receiving system receives the clock of the acoustic wave that the primary side transmitted to the secondary side through the barrier.

[0029] Therefore, unlike conventional information transmission systems, the secondary side does not require an oscillator as a clock generator for digital circuits. This makes it possible to save the energy used for measurement.

[0030] Correspondingly, it is also conceivable that there is no oscillator for return communication on the secondary side.

[0031] Furthermore, since the clock of the signal received from the primary side can also be used for other circuit components on the secondary side, there is a possibility that there is no oscillator as a clock generator at all on the secondary side.

[0032] The transmission system may be provided with an electrical impedance matching network on the secondary side.

[0033] An electrical impedance matching network helps to match the electrical impedance between the output impedance of the electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side and other circuit components on the secondary side.

[0034] An impedance matching network can have appropriately connected capacitive, inductive, and resistive circuit elements.

[0035] The transmission system can be equipped with a frequency reducer on the secondary side.

[0036] A frequency reducer is a circuit that converts a signal having an input frequency into an output signal having an output frequency different from the frequency of the input signal.

[0037] The return communication with the primary side can essentially be based on a reduced frequency as the carrier frequency. Therefore, on the primary side, the response signal can be easily separated from the primary signal and evaluated by crossover.

[0038] In particular, a frequency half-reduction device or a cascade of frequency half-reduction devices can be used as a frequency reducer. For example, a sequence of 1, 2, 3, or 4 frequency halvings reduces the frequency of the carrier signal from the primary side by half, a quarter, an eighth, or a sixteenth. If the reduced frequency is sufficiently different from the primary frequency, the primary crossover can be isolated from the secondary side, even if the response strength is greatly attenuated.

[0039] The transmission system may include a circuit unit on the secondary side having a transformer and a parallel circuit including inductive elements, capacitive elements, and logic circuits.

[0040] Inductive and capacitive elements can, in some cases, work in conjunction with a transformer to achieve electrical impedance matching.

[0041] Logic circuits are used to drive and control the sensor and, if necessary, to modulate signals for the response to the primary side.

[0042] The transmission system can have a logic circuit front-end on the secondary side, which includes a port, a supply terminal, four circuit nodes A, B, C, and D, and an operational amplifier and seven transistors.

[0043] These circuit components can be represented as integrated circuit components as variations of transponder circuits for load modulation, with one of the transistors in particular performing the actual load modulation.

[0044] Acoustic impedance matching and / or electrical impedance matching can be performed on the primary and / or secondary sides, and related means can be provided.

[0045] In particular, electrical impedance matching can be performed only on the primary side. Furthermore, electrical impedance matching can be performed only on the secondary side. Moreover, acoustic impedance matching can be performed only on the primary side or only on the secondary side.

[0046] However, if both the primary and secondary sides have electrical impedance matching, this is also possible and advantageous. Conversely, if both the primary and secondary sides have acoustic impedance matching, this is also advantageous.

[0047] Electrical impedance matching can be performed via a conventional electrical network having active or passive circuit elements such as capacitive elements, inductive elements, and resistive elements. Acoustic impedance matching is possible via an additional layer with adjusted acoustic impedance. For example, an additional layer can be placed between the primary electroacoustic transducer and the barrier material, or between the barrier material and the secondary electroacoustic transducer.

[0048] In an advantageous embodiment, the corresponding electroacoustic transducer is mechanically bonded to the barrier by an adhesive layer, for example, a suitable adhesive, the adhesive layer having a suitable acoustic impedance or the thinnest possible layer thickness.

[0049] Furthermore, as mentioned above, the primary side may also have a frequency demultiplexer (Frequenzweiche).

[0050] A frequency demultiplexer can be used to separate the secondary response from the primary carrier signal, allowing for evaluation without interference from the primary signal strength.

[0051] The frequency demultiplexer may preferably have a diplexer or duplexer. Similarly, if the secondary side has a frequency booster, such as one or more frequency multipliers, rather than a frequency reducer, the primary side can deselect (auskoppeln) and evaluate signals having frequencies higher than the frequency of the primary signal.

[0052] Furthermore, the transmission system may be intended and suitable for the primary side to continuously supply energy to the secondary side. The energy is preferably transmitted through a barrier in the form of acoustic energy and converted into electrical energy on the secondary side, for example, using an electroacoustic converter.

[0053] Communication can only occur in one direction, from the secondary side to the primary side. In this case, the primary side simply transmits energy to the secondary side.

[0054] However, it is advantageous if the transmission system is intended for and suitable for bidirectional communication. The primary side can transmit information to the secondary side, and the secondary side can receive and evaluate that information.

[0055] Furthermore, the secondary side can transmit information to the primary side, and the primary side can evaluate the received information. In addition, the transmission system may have a matched network on the primary side, and the matched network may have two signal lines, a balanced guide signal input, an unbalanced guide signal output, a power supply connection, three inductive elements, and six capacitive elements.

[0056] The matched network can receive information from the external circuit environment via a balanced guide signal input. The primary-side matched network can then transfer the received information to the external circuit environment via an unbalanced guide signal output.

[0057] In a balanced guide signal line, there are two conducting elements that transmit the same signal with opposite amplitudes. Balanced signal lines are relatively less susceptible to common-mode interference (Gleichtaktstoerungen).

[0058] Means for recording and transmitting audiovisual perceptions may also include applications on the “internal” (secondary) side of a transmission system (e.g., audio recording, image recording, video recording, image and audio recording, i.e., “classic” video cameras).

[0059] These can be operated with the help of energy "harvested" from a signal introduced to the primary side, such as an ultrasonic signal, as has already been explained for other sensors.

[0060] The data recorded internally, such as sound, images, videos, or sound-image-video, can be transmitted again to the "outside," i.e., the primary side, in the form of digital data via sound waves as user data for the described transmission system.

[0061] In principle, monochrome, grayscale, or color images can be transmitted.

[0062] You can choose between mono and stereo audio.

[0063] In other words, any type of transmission common to such things can be selected.

[0064] Overall, the specific selection is limited only by bandwidth and transmission rate.

[0065] However, especially when transmitting images or videos, a particularly important mechanism is the transmission of the start of a new image or a new image line (when scanning dots or lines) to the primary side in order to display the transmitted images or videos correctly.

[0066] Even more complex, typically, each pixel in a color image can transmit three values ​​or data vectors (red, green, blue). This information needs to be appropriately adapted to the data frame size provided by the hardware.

[0067] In particular, the hardware can support, for example, 64-bit data frames, which can, on the one hand, be filled with processed image data, and on the other hand, these data frames can be transferred to the outside via a medium between the secondary and primary sides.

[0068] The primary circuit may be designed as a detachable or portable module, or may include a detachable module. The module may include an NFC antenna and / or a piezoelectric converter.

[0069] In this way, it is possible to control or activate applications on the secondary side via acoustic waves using the NFC interface of a mobile phone or similar device.

[0070] This means that the transmission system can include additional air interfaces or that the transmission system can be easily expanded.

[0071] Thus, the transmission system can be extended, or can be made extendable, by a “relay” that includes transceivers and piezoelectric converters of any wireless standard (e.g., Bluetooth®), an energy storage unit (battery or rechargeable battery), and electronic equipment suitable for data conversion between different standards.

[0072] The primary circuit, for example, the primary circuit of a transmission system, may include the primary elements described above. Accordingly, the secondary circuit may include the secondary elements of a transmission system as described above.

[0073] A transmission method using an acoustic transmission system may include the following steps: - The step of transmitting a carrier signal to a secondary receiving unit using the primary transmitting unit; - The step of receiving a carrier signal via a receiving unit; - A step of generating a response signal based on the measured value; - A step of transmitting a response signal to the primary side; Includes.

[0074] The communication may further include a step for identifying secondary parts (Sekundaerteils). Identification may be based on measurements. Other information, such as supplementary information, may also be used for identification. The identification system may also include multiple secondary parts.

[0075] To achieve this, the primary side can continuously output a sinusoidal signal at or close to the carrier frequency. By using this sinusoidal signal on the secondary side, power can be continuously drawn from volatile storage to maintain operation. Furthermore, the primary side can also sporadically modulate this continuous sinusoidal signal to transmit commands and / or values ​​for identification.

[0076] On the other hand, the secondary side can typically continuously supply a specific load impedance to the converter. This load impedance is then sporadically modulated for data transmission.

[0077] A change in the (electrical) load of the secondary piezoelectric transducer can cause a change in the (electrical) impedance of the primary piezoelectric transducer, and therefore, modulation on the secondary side can be detected on the primary side.

[0078] This modulation is advantageous when performed on the secondary side, as it allows for continuous power to be obtained (on the secondary side) from the carrier sinusoidal signal generated on the primary side.

[0079] On the primary side, a continuous sinusoidal signal for load modulation can be generated, and the change in the connection impedance of the primary side piezoelectric converter can be continuously identified (feststellen) or measured.

[0080] The primary signal source can be a current source. When the electrical load resistance of the current source changes, a change in the voltage across the load resistance occurs. This voltage can be measured with a reader and evaluated (i.e., the modulation and channel coding of the data within it) (i.e., the acoustic response signal from the secondary side is read and evaluated by the primary side).

[0081] The primary and secondary sides can be airtight and / or separated by a barrier that is airtight and / or impenetrable to electromagnetic signals.

[0082] Acoustic waves can transmit information and / or energy by passing through the barrier between the primary and secondary sides.

[0083] Furthermore, it is also possible to encrypt communication between the primary and secondary sides, and / or between the secondary and primary sides, on a point-to-point basis.

[0084] A common encryption method can be used. This enables point-to-point encryption. This can be implemented in any case as an additional security feature.

[0085] It is possible to use encryption methods for communication.

[0086] This prevents third parties from accessing and / or modifying the content of communications. In this respect, encryption is distinguished from procedures for detecting transmission errors.

[0087] However, data transmission itself can also incorporate the possibility of detecting transmission errors. For example, this could be through a mechanism using parity bits, and / or the possibility of detecting and / or correcting individual transmission errors within a data frame, such as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mechanism, such as CRC16 or CRC32.

[0088] Data encryption, error protection, and error detection represent different aspects and can be performed individually or in combination.

[0089] Communication can be conducted unidirectionally or bidirectionally via digital signals.

[0090] Communication can be conducted in one direction or two directions.

[0091] In bidirectional communication, this can be done simultaneously (full-duplex, e.g., frequency duplex, FDD) and / or sequentially at defined times without communication (half-duplex, e.g., time-division duplex, TDD). Information is transmitted by modulation, which can be selected from load modulation, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, frequency modulation, and complex modulations consisting of two or more hybrids of the above modulations.

[0092] In particular, it is possible to apply modulation in the direction of data flow from the primary side to the secondary side. Any single modulation described in sections 8 and 9 of ISO / IEC 14443-2_2010 (i.e., ISO / IEC 14443-2 as amended in 2010) can be cited as a modulation.

[0093] Furthermore, the information transmission method can also utilize error detection or error correction methods.

[0094] In particular, data packets, such as data frames, can be transmitted from the primary to the secondary as needed, and can be responded to from the secondary only as needed and in proportion to the situation.

[0095] Between such asynchronous data frames, only the unmodulated carrier frequency can be transmitted from the primary to the secondary side, meaning there can be periods without data frames.

[0096] Furthermore, in accordance with the standard ISO / IEC 14443-3_2011 (the revised standard ISO / IEC 14443-2 in 2011), it is also possible to transmit a parity bit between 8 bits of user data.

[0097] Furthermore, it's possible that the transmission is being performed using a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) mechanism.

[0098] Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) can be performed using either a CRC16 check or a CRC32 check, based on the standard ISO / IEC 14443-3_2011. The last 2x8 bits or 4x8 bits belong to the check.

[0099] The secondary side may be temporarily storing the energy it receives from the primary side.

[0100] Sound waves passing through a solid barrier could potentially be used for communication, at least through the barrier.

[0101] It is possible to control communication via the primary side. This can also be explained as the principle of "the primary side speaks first."

[0102] It is possible for one primary side to communicate with multiple secondary sides. In this way, on the other side of the barrier, multiple sensors can each have their own energy and information transmission system and communicate with the primary side.

[0103] Furthermore, this method allows for the use of collision avoidance techniques to avoid overlapping signals on various secondary sides.

[0104] The communication may utilize acoustic signals with frequencies ranging from 1 MHz to 50 MHz.

[0105] The preferred frequency is due to the shape and material used for the barrier, and the corresponding acoustic impedance of the material used.

[0106] The barrier thickness is 4 mm, the barrier material is metal with a density of 7890 kg / m³ and a sound velocity of 5970 m / s, and it has been shown that communication is possible at frequencies of 9.4 MHz, 9.9-10.1 MHz, and 10.7 MHz.

[0107] In principle, the usable frequency range is narrow, but a sufficiently wide frequency band arises from resonance determined by the thickness of the metal plate.

[0108] On the other hand, a relatively wide usable frequency band can be obtained due to the resonance determined by the dimensions of the primary acoustic transducer, such as the thickness of the piezoelectric disk.

[0109] This also includes how the piezoelectric discs are attached (e.g., by adhesive).

[0110] A certain bandwidth is required to transmit the modulated signal from the leader; a narrower bandwidth will cause more signal distortion, so this wide frequency band can be advantageously utilized. Furthermore, the wide passband allows for temperature-induced resonant frequency shifts, i.e., scattering during manufacturing, without the need for special countermeasures. This offers a cost advantage.

[0111] The thickness of the adhesive between the electroacoustic transducer and the barrier, especially the average thickness, can be about 10 μm. The electroacoustic transducer can have a length of 205 μm when viewed from the direction of acoustic wave propagation.

[0112] Preferably, the thickness of the adhesive is distributed as uniformly as possible across the adhesive surface. However, since the transmission channel is sufficiently stable, non-uniformity is acceptable. Rather, it indicates that there are places where the piezoelectric disk directly touches the acoustic medium.

[0113] Furthermore, the thinner the adhesive layer, the less acoustic loss occurs.

[0114] Therefore, it is possible to attach the converter directly to the medium material, and for example, attaching it by pressing it is advantageous.

[0115] Furthermore, it is possible and advantageous for electroacoustic communication to use a frequency range around the NFC frequency of 13.56 MHz, for example, a frequency range of 13.56 MHz ± 0.5 MHz.

[0116] It is advantageous if the elements of the acoustic channel between the primary and secondary sides are suited to the frequency range of 13.56 MHz ± 0.5 MHz.

[0117] In particular, the elements of an acoustic channel may include an electroacoustic transducer, an adhesive layer, and a medium.

[0118] The communication method may include regular fluctuations in carrier frequency and / or amplitude to compensate for changing environmental parameters such as temperature, expansion, and pressure, or manufacturing tolerances. In particular, the primary side may inform the secondary side of various favorable frequencies.

[0119] Frequency variations can be made based on the received digital data that the primary side receives from the secondary side.

[0120] The secondary side first correctly receives commands from the primary side.

[0121] Subsequently, the secondary side can notify the primary side of "good" and "bad" frequencies.

[0122] The distinction between "good" and "bad" frequencies can be based on the bit error rate.

[0123] This has the advantage of not requiring the addition of analog circuits to separate "good" and "bad" frequencies, and especially eliminating the need to evaluate amplitude levels.

[0124] A corresponding acoustic transmission system can be used to introduce one or more measurements within a volume separated from the primary side by an airtight and / or impermeable barrier.

[0125] It can measure temperature, gas pressure, humidity, and other parameters.

[0126] In particular, this system can be used in high-voltage capacitors for galvanic isolated transmission to the outside.

[0127] Furthermore, the transmission system's error detection mechanism can be used to find the optimal carrier frequency, amplitude, and modulation settings.

[0128] Here, the error detection mechanism or corresponding error detection method can determine the error rate by changing one or, for example, multiple sequential transmission parameters. Then, the combination of parameters in which the error rate is below a predetermined threshold can be used as the combination of parameters used in the actual operation of the system.

[0129] The secondary side can detect transmission errors in commands sent from the primary side. The secondary side sends this information back to the reader via an acoustic channel. The reader recognizes the appropriate (guenstige) value, stores it locally, for example, as a table, and can use it as a setting as needed.

[0130] Of course, it is also possible to detect and address errors in the transmission information on the secondary side.

[0131] It is important that the primary side possesses this information, as it is preferable that this allows it to control the communication flow (Ablauf) and specify the values ​​of the carrier frequency and other parameters.

[0132] This would also be possible for continuous monitoring of communications, for example, to dynamically check whether other parameters become more favorable during that time.

[0133] In an acoustic transmission system that transmits the same information, it is possible to use four or more acoustic frequency bands.

[0134] This improves interference immunity (for example, in cases of interference from noise within metals or interference from significant resonances within metals that tend to occur only in certain frequency bands).

[0135] This can be achieved, for example, by using load modulation via subcarriers (Hilfstraegers).

[0136] It is also possible to use a two-stage modulation procedure when performing load modulation.

[0137] In the first step, the data can be modulated to a subcarrier using, for example, Manchester coding, and then in the second step, the subcarrier in the channel can be modulated to the carrier frequency.

[0138] Furthermore, the primary side can always receive information from the secondary side simultaneously in four frequency bands, but these are fixed relative to the carrier.

[0139] This makes it possible to transmit information simultaneously across four frequency bands.

[0140] The central aspects of the described apparatus, including the primary side, secondary side, and corresponding systems, as well as the operating method and details of preferred embodiments, are described in more detail in the schematic diagrams. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0141] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an overview of the key elements of a transmission system. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows possible circuit elements on the primary and secondary sides. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the details of the acoustic channel. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows a spectrum with favorable frequencies. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows the temporal progression of the signal amplitude and its response. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an acoustic model of an acoustic signal. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows a possible front-end circuit for a transponder. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows the relationship between the time range and the associated frequency range. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows the possibility of contactless communication between the external circuit environment and the primary side. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows the possibility of contactless communication between the external circuit environment and the primary side. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0142] Figure 1 shows a barrier B that separates the volume V of the secondary side S2 from the primary side S1. If the volume V of the secondary side S2 is hermetically separated (hermetisch abgetrennt) and barrier B is impermeable to electromagnetic signals and possibly magnetic signals, then the normal communication path between the primary and secondary sides will not function (versagen) if a sensor for measuring parameters is located on the secondary side and its signal is to be evaluated on the primary side S1.

[0143] However, it is possible to exchange information between the primary side S1 and the secondary side S2 by using the material of barrier B as a medium M for acoustic waves.

[0144] Therefore, the transmission system is equipped with an electroacoustic transducer EAW on the primary side S1 and a second electroacoustic transducer EAW on the secondary side S2. Both electroacoustic transducers EAW are directly connected to the medium M of barrier B, for example, by adhesive. Sound waves radiated from the electroacoustic transducer EAW on the primary side S1 toward the medium M can be received on the secondary side by the electroacoustic transducer EAW on the secondary side. Thus, the possibility of the electroacoustic transducer converting between electrical signals and acoustic signals gives rise to the possibility of using electrical signals on both sides of barrier B and using only acoustic signals for information transport across barrier B. The transmission of acoustic signals also allows for the simultaneous transmission of energy, so the secondary side S2 can receive energy from the primary side S1.

[0145] The primary side S1 contains a transmitting unit SE and a receiving unit EE. The secondary side has a transponder TP. The transponder TP is used for communication with the primary side S1 and functions as an interface between the secondary side electroacoustic transducer EAW and the secondary side logic circuit LC. The secondary side logic circuit LC can be used to drive and control the sensor and process the sensor signal.

[0146] Figure 2 shows possible configurations of the primary circuit combining the elements of the transmitting unit SE and the receiving unit EE. The transmitting unit SE has a first signal line SL1 and a second signal line SL2. The first signal line SL1 connects the first transmitting terminal TX1 to the electrode of the electroacoustic transducer. The second signal line SL2 connects the second transmitting terminal TX2 to the second electrode of the electroacoustic transducer. The first transmitting terminal TX1 and the second transmitting terminal TX2 represent the two terminals of the balanced guided transmitting signal port (balanced gefuehrten Sendesignalports) of the primary circuit. The first and second signal lines each have a series connection of an inductive element and a capacitive element, respectively. The inductive element is connected between the input connection and node A or B, respectively. The capacitive element is connected between node A or node B and the electrode of the electroacoustic transducer. Furthermore, the inductive element is connected to the two electrodes of the electroacoustic transducer.

[0147] Node B is connected to ground via a capacitive element. Node A is also connected to ground via a capacitive element. Furthermore, Node A is connected to the unbalanced guide receiver terminal RX via a series connection of a resistive element and a capacitive element. A resistive element is connected between the supply connection section SUP and the receiver connection section RX. The power supply connection section is further connected to ground via a capacitive element.

[0148] On the secondary side, the electroacoustic transducer is connected to a transformer having two magnetically coupled inductive elements. The inductive elements of the transformer that are not directly connected to the electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side are connected to a parallel circuit consisting of inductive elements, capacitive elements, and a logic circuit LC.

[0149] The SE transmission unit can receive input signals from an external circuit environment via two terminals TX1 and TX2. The signals are transmitted to the primary electroacoustic transducer via signal conductors SL1 and SL2. The corresponding acoustic waves reach the secondary electroacoustic transducer, where they are converted into electrical signals. These are then converted to appropriate voltage and current values ​​by a secondary transformer and reach the logic circuit LC. This allows the primary side to control the activity of the secondary side. Possible response signals are sent back to the primary side S1 by a unit including the secondary side transducer and transponder TP, and can be transmitted to the external circuit environment via the output port RX.

[0150] The primary circuit is well-suited to supplying energy to the secondary circuit, for example, by an essentially sinusoidal signal continuously transmitted at the carrier frequency. This eliminates the need to provide additional energy storage on the secondary side, which would otherwise require periodic replacement.

[0151] Figure 3 shows the components of an acoustic channel. Between two electroacoustic transducers EAW, a barrier material B is placed, which acts as a medium for the propagation of acoustic waves between the transducers. Each transducer is connected to the medium M via an acoustic impedance matching element AIA. The acoustic impedance matching element AIA can be an adhesive with appropriate acoustic impedance.

[0152] It is advantageous to use an adhesive layer that is as thin as possible, or even none at all.

[0153] Special impedance matching between the converter and the medium is possible but not necessary. On the contrary, reflection can be used to improve signal transmission. Therefore, "too good" matching is undesirable in this context.

[0154] Figure 4 shows the frequency spectrum plotted as a function of frequency the response signal strength for different secondary-side converter transmission conditions. VK represents the critical signal strength relative to the received signal strength; beyond this point, reliable evaluation of the received signal is possible. The combination of materials used showed that both 1:5 and 1:7 transformer transmission ratios and operating frequencies of 9.4 MHz, 10 MHz, and 10.9 MHz were suitable.

[0155] Figure 5 shows the possible amplitude curves during communication from the primary to the secondary side, and the corresponding responses from the secondary side. The primary side uses six wave packets (Wellenpakete) to transmit to the secondary side. After a specific waiting time (frame delay time), the secondary side responds with a specific signal that depends on the determined parameter values.

[0156] Figure 6 shows an analytical model of an acoustic signal that can be used to understand signal transmission. Each acoustically active element between the transducer EAW (primary acoustic impedance matching element, barrier medium, and secondary acoustic impedance matching element) can be represented by the values ​​of complex impedance (Z) and admittance (Y). An effective reflection factor is obtained depending on the impedance jump at the interface between different materials, which allows for easy material selection and enables high-quality signal and energy transfer to the acoustic transducer.

[0157] Figure 7 shows a possible embodiment of a transducer (i.e., transponder) front-end circuit that can be used on the secondary side between an electroacoustic transducer and a secondary logic circuit. Transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 in this circuit form a rectifier. It includes first input terminals A1 and second input terminals A2 that receive a sinusoidal AC signal with a carrier frequency of approximately 10 MHz, and an output terminal SUP that supplies power in the form of DC voltage and current to the logic circuit.

[0158] Furthermore, this circuit has four circuit nodes A, B, C, and D, where the capacitance between terminals A1 and A2 represents the unavoidable parasitic capacitance of the MOS transistor and, if any, the parasitic capacitance of capacitive elements. Two transistors T3 and T4 are switches whose conduction and non-conductivity are controlled by the voltage at the gate terminal (relative to the voltages at the source and drain terminals). Transistors T1, T2 and T6, T7 are so-called MOS diodes (with the gate terminal connected to the drain terminal), meaning they operate as diodes. Overall, this configuration brings circuit nodes A and B, and A and D, to rectifiers that generate DC voltages, so that A represents a 0-volt reference or ground connection, and higher voltages are formed at B and D compared to A.

[0159] A so-called voltage limiter is implemented to maintain a constant DC voltage. It consists of an operational amplifier and transistor T5. The operational amplifier compares the DC power supply voltage at point C, obtained by a voltage divider circuit consisting of resistors R1 and R2 from the voltage at point B, with a constant voltage reference V_REF, such as a bandgap reference. This forms a control loop. When the AC input voltage between A1 and A2 increases, the output voltage of the operational amplifier changes so that the current conductivity of transistor T5 increases slightly, that is, the source-drain impedance applied to points A and D decreases slightly. As a result, the voltage at point B is kept constant compared to the reference (GND) at point A. Therefore, a constant power supply voltage is essential to supply subsequent logic circuits that require time-varying current during operation.

[0160] However, changing the impedance of transistor T5 also affects the impedance applied between input terminals A1 and A2. Basically, even if the input current of A1 changes, the voltage between A1 and A2 remains constant. This is because the input impedance between points A1 and A2 changes due to the regulation of transistor T5.

[0161] This concept can be applied to generate load modulation. For this purpose, another transistor T8 can be used, with its drain and source connected in parallel with T5. The gate of T8 can then be modulated with a control voltage containing data transmitted at the auxiliary carrier frequency in the form of channel coding (e.g., Manchester coding). The subcarrier frequency can be, for example, a frequency generated by dividing the AC voltage of the carrier frequency between points A1 and A2 by, for example, a coefficient of 16 or a coefficient of 32. This subcarrier frequency can again be controlled by a data stream, for example, using Manchester coding.

[0162] Figure 8 shows the available signals for the time zones and frequency bands obtained by the corresponding transformations. Specifically, the time axis curve is shown at the top of the figure, and the corresponding frequency components are shown at the bottom.

[0163] The upper part of Figure 8 shows a curve representing user data bits, specifically 0s, 1s, and the transitions between them, over a certain period. The next row shows the progress of the associated channel coding. The third row shows the time progression of the associated subcarrier. The fourth row shows the subcarrier modulated by channel coding (Hilfstraeger). The last row of the upper part of Figure 8 shows the carrier with load modulation.

[0164] The first row in the lower section of Figure 8 represents channel coding in the frequency domain. The second row in the lower section of Figure 8 represents the modulated subcarrier in the frequency domain. The third row in the lower section of Figure 8 represents load modulation to the carrier.

[0165] In other words, the transmission frequency range can be doubled, or even quadrupled depending on the frequency interval, via appropriately modulated subcarriers. This improves interference immunity (for example, from interference caused by noise in metals or interference caused by significant resonances in metals that tend to occur only in statistically specific frequency bands).

[0166] Figure 9 shows an element of a transmission system in which a module with an air interface, specifically an NFC (Near Field Communication) interface, is installed on the primary side. This allows the primary side to be controlled contactlessly via a corresponding control device, such as a mobile communication terminal like a cell phone, and corresponding control software. For this reason, the primary side module is equipped with a printed circuit board with corresponding electronic circuit components and an antenna. The antenna can be formed directly on the circuit board as a metallized part, or it can be formed on the circuit board.

[0167] This primary-side contactless connection can be the sole connection or an addition to connections via cables or other means. Contactless connections can be practically used in systems consisting of multiple main pages to assign the ID number of each main page to its location within the system.

[0168] Figure 10 shows a modified configuration in which the primary module is controlled via another module. The additional module can be connected to an external logic circuit, such as a computer bus system. The other module also includes control elements for contactless communication with the primary module.

[0169] Using the circuits and systems described above, communication barriers that are opaque to electromagnetic signals can be easily overcome using sound waves, with minimal circuit complexity and secondary-side energy requirements. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0170] AIA: Acoustic impedance matching element B: Barrier EAW: Electroacoustic transducer (elektroakustischer Wandler) RX: Receiver connection (Empfangsanschluss) EE: Receiving Unit (Empfangseinheit) A1, A2: First connection, second connection (erster, zweiter Anschluss) V: Airtight closed volume (hermetisch abgeschlossenes Volumen) A, B, C, D: Each circuit node VK: Critical output voltage (kritische Ausgangsspannung) LC: Logic circuit (Logikschaltung) M: Acoustic wave medium (Medium der akustischen Wellen) S1, S2: Primary side, secondary side (Primaerseite, Sekundaerseite) T1, ..., T8: 1st transistor ... 8th transistor (erster, ...achter) Trans {) TX1, TX2: Transmitter connector (Sendeanschluss) SE: Transmitter Unit SL1, SL2: Signal conductors (Signalleitungen) TP: Transponder SUP: Power supply connection (Versorgungsanschluss) V_MOD: Modulated voltage (modulierte Spannung) V_REF: Constant voltage reference (Konstantspannungsreferenz)

[0171] [Note 1] It is an acoustic transmission system, On the primary side, - A transmitting unit designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal, - A receiving unit designed and adapted to receive a received signal in response to the transmitted signal, - An electroacoustic converter designed and adapted to convert the transmitted signal to an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal to a received signal, On the secondary side, - A transponder designed and adapted to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals, - Equipped with an electroacoustic transducer, Between the primary side and the secondary side, there is a medium that is transparent to acoustic signals. Acoustic transmission system. [Note 2] The secondary side further includes a sensor, The acoustic transmission system according to claim 1. [Note 3] The secondary side further includes a logic circuit, The acoustic transmission system according to claim 1 or 2. [Note 4] The secondary side is equipped with a modulator or MOSFET. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. [Note 5] The secondary side further includes a modulator for modulating the electrical load of the electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 4. [Note 6] The secondary side further includes a rectifier. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 5. [Note 7] Rectifiers - Connected between the electroacoustic converter and the modulator, and / or - Directly connected to the modulator, The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 4 to 6. [Note 8] It has a transistor whose base is connected to a load modulation connector (V_MOD), The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 7. [Note 9] The aforementioned transistor is a MOSFET. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 8. [Note 10] A rectifier is provided between the electroacoustic converter and the transistor. When the transistor is short-circuited for load modulation, the voltage of the electroacoustic converter becomes non-zero. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 8 or 9. [Note 11] During modulation, the secondary clock can be derived from the incident acoustic wave having a carrier frequency to the primary clock. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 10. [Note 12] The secondary side is provided with an intermediate energy storage unit. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 11. [Note 13] The transponder is designed and adapted to use the clock of the receiving unit as the system clock. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 12. [Note 14] The secondary side does not have an oscillator for return communication. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 13. [Note 15] The secondary side does not have an oscillator. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 14. [Note 16] The secondary side further includes an electrical impedance matching network. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 15. [Note 17] The secondary side further includes a frequency reducer. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 16. [Note 18] The secondary side further comprises a parallel circuit including an inductive element, a capacitive element, and a logic circuit, and a circuit unit having a converter. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 17. [Note 19] The secondary side further includes a logic circuit front-end circuit having a port, a power supply connection, four circuit nodes, an operational amplifier, and a transistor. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 18. [Note 20] The primary side and / or the secondary side further comprises an acoustic impedance matching section and / or an electrical impedance matching section. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 19. [Note 21] The primary side is further equipped with a frequency demultiplexer. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 20. [Note 22] The primary side is designed and adapted to supply energy to the secondary side. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 21. [Note 23] Designed and adapted for one-way or two-way communication, The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 22. [Note 24] The primary side further comprises a compatible network having two signal conductors, a balanced guide input, an unbalanced guide output, a power supply connection, three inductive elements, and six capacitive elements. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 23. [Note 25] The secondary side is equipped with means for recording and / or transmitting acoustic and / or optical perceptions. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 24. [Note 26] The secondary side is equipped with means for recording and / or transmitting audio, image, video, images and audio recordings. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 25. [Note 27] The secondary side element is operable by the energy transmitted from the primary side. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 26. [Note 28] Information recorded on the secondary side can be transmitted as user data in digital data format. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 27. [Note 29] Video information recorded on the secondary side, whether a monochrome image, a grayscale image, or a color image, can be transmitted to the primary side. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 28. [Note 30] The audio information recorded on the secondary side can be transmitted to the primary side as a monaural or stereo signal. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 29. [Note 31] When transmitting images or videos, it is possible to transmit the start of a new image line externally. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 30. [Note 32] Includes means for transmitting the start of a new image line to the secondary side, The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 31. [Note 33] When transmitting a color image from the secondary side to the primary side, it is possible to transmit three values ​​for each image point. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 32. [Note 34] When transmitting a color image from the secondary side to the primary side, it is possible to transmit three values ​​for each image point. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 33. [Note 35] The primary and secondary sides are each provided with circuits, and the size of the data frame is designed and adapted to transmit or receive the information to be transmitted. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 34. [Note 36] The aforementioned data frame is 64 bytes in size. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 35. [Note 37] The primary side includes a module having an antenna, or the primary side is expandable with a module having an antenna. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 36. [Note 38] Designed and adapted to communicate with external communication devices via an air interface. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 37. [Note 39] The external communication device is a mobile wireless terminal. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 38. [Note 40] The primary side and / or the secondary side can be controlled using external communication equipment. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 39. [Note 41] The air interface can be selected from wireless transceiver connectivity, NFC connectivity, or Bluetooth connectivity. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 38 to 40. [Note 42] On the primary side - It comprises a converter element, an energy storage unit, and a circuit for converting data between different transmission standards. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 41. [Note 43] The energy storage unit is a battery or a rechargeable storage battery. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 42. [Note 44] A primary circuit included in the primary side of the acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 43. [Note 45] A secondary circuit included in the secondary side of the acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 20. [Note 46] A method of transmission using an acoustic transmission system, - A step of transmitting a carrier signal to a secondary receiving unit using the primary transmitting unit, - The step of receiving the carrier signal via the receiving unit, - A step of generating a response signal based on the measured value, - A step of transmitting the response signal to the primary side, Methods that include... [Note 47] The primary and secondary sides are sealed and / or separated by a barrier that is impermeable to electromagnetic signals. The method according to claim 46. [Note 48] Acoustic waves pass between the primary and secondary sides, transmitting information and / or energy. The method according to claim 46 or 47. [Note 49] The aforementioned communication is encrypted point-to-point. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 48. [Note 50] The aforementioned communication uses an encryption method. The method according to claim 49. [Note 51] Encrypt the data to prevent third parties from accessing its content and / or from altering it as intended. The method according to claim 50. [Note 52] The aforementioned communication is conducted via digital signals. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 51. [Note 53] The aforementioned communication is performed in one direction or two directions. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 52. [Note 54] The information is transmitted using a modulation scheme selected from load modulation, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, frequency modulation, and complex modulation. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 53. [Note 55] The direction of data flow includes the direction from the primary side to the secondary side of the war chronicle. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 54. [Note 56] Examples of modulation include the individual modulations from sections 8 and 9 of the standard ISO / IEC 14443-2_2010. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 55. [Note 57] An error detection or error correction method is used. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 56. [Note 58] The data frame is transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side as needed, and a response is received from the secondary side. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 57. [Note 59] Between asynchronous data frames, only the unmodulated carrier frequency is transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 58. [Note 60] The parity bit is transmitted between 8 bits of user data according to the standard ISO / IEC 14443-3_2011. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 59. [Note 61] The aforementioned transmission uses a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mechanism. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 60. [Note 62] The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is either a CRC16 check or a CRC32 check according to standard ISO / IEC 14443-3_2011, where the last 2x8 bits or 4x8 bits belong to the check, respectively. The method according to claim 61. [Note 63] Energy is temporarily stored on the secondary side. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 62. [Note 64] Longitudinal acoustic waves pass through a solid barrier. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 63. [Note 65] The aforementioned communication is controlled by the primary side. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 64. [Note 66] One primary side communicates with multiple secondary sides. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 65. [Note 67] Using collision avoidance methods, The method according to any one of claims 46 to 66. [Note 68] Using communication with a frequency range of 1 MHz to 50 MHz, The method according to any one of claims 46 to 67. [Note 69] The aforementioned electroacoustic communication uses frequencies in the frequency range of 13.56 MHz ± 0.5 MHz. The method according to claim 68. [Note 70] The elements of the acoustic channel between the primary and secondary sides are adapted to a frequency range of 13.56 MHz ± 0.5 MHz. The method according to claim 69. [Note 71] The elements of the acoustic channel include an electroacoustic transducer, an adhesive layer, and a medium. The method according to claim 70. [Note 72] This further includes varying the frequency and / or amplitude to compensate for changes in environmental parameters or manufacturing tolerances. The method according to any one of claims 46 to 71. [Note 73] Changing the aforementioned frequency is based on the received digital data that the primary side receives from the secondary side. The method according to claim 72. [Note 74] The secondary side first correctly receives the command from the primary side. The method according to claim 73. [Note 75] The secondary side then notifies the primary side of the "good" frequency or the "bad" frequency. The method according to claim 74. [Note 76] The classification of the aforementioned "good" frequencies and "bad" frequencies is based on the bit error rate. The method according to claim 75. [Note 77] No additional analog circuit elements are required for the classification into the aforementioned "good" and "bad" frequencies, and no evaluation of amplitude levels is required. The method according to claim 76. [Note 78] For querying measurements within a volume airtight and / or electrically isolated from the primary side, A method of using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 43. [Note 79] For measuring temperature, gas pressure and / or humidity and / or pH value and / or pressure in a fluid medium, The method of use according to claim 78. [Note 80] To a high-voltage capacitor for transmission that is electrically isolated from the outside, The method of use according to claim 78 or 79. [Note 81] A method for using an error detection mechanism in an acoustic transmission system to find a well-fitting carrier frequency, amplitude, or modulation setting. [Note 82] A method for using an acoustic transmission system that utilizes four or more acoustic frequency ranges in which the same information is transmitted. [Note 83] A two-stage modulation method is used for load modulation. The method of use according to claim 82. [Note 84] - The Manchester coding data is modulated to a subcarrier in the first step, - The subcarrier is modulated again to the carrier frequency in the second step within the channel. The method of use according to claim 83. [Note 85] The primary side always receives information from the secondary side simultaneously in parallel across four frequency bands fixed relative to the carrier. The method of use according to claim 84. [Note 86] The aforementioned information is transmitted simultaneously in four frequency bands at all times. The method of use according to claim 85.

Claims

1. It is an acoustic transmission system, On the primary side, - A transmitting unit designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal, - A receiving unit designed and adapted to receive a received signal in response to the transmitted signal, - comprising an electroacoustic converter designed and adapted to convert the transmitted signal to an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal to a received signal, On the secondary side, - A transponder designed and adapted to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals, - Equipped with an electroacoustic converter, Between the primary side and the secondary side, there is a medium that is transparent to acoustic signals. The primary side includes a module having an antenna, or the primary side is expandable with a module having an antenna. The primary side is configured to communicate with a plurality of secondary sides. The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is designed to avoid the overlap of various secondary acoustic signals using collision avoidance methods. Acoustic transmission system.

2. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor on the secondary side.

3. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a logic circuit on the secondary side.

4. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a modulator or MOSFET on the secondary side.

5. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a modulator on the secondary side for modulating the electrical load of the electroacoustic transducer on the secondary side.

6. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a rectifier on the secondary side.

7. Rectifiers - Connected between the electroacoustic converter and the modulator, and / or - Directly connected to the modulator, The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 4 to 6.

8. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a transistor whose base is connected to a connection section (V_MOD) for load modulation.

9. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 8, wherein the transistor is a MOSFET.

10. A rectifier is provided between the electroacoustic converter and the transistor. When the transistor is short-circuited for load modulation, the voltage of the electroacoustic converter becomes non-zero. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 8 or 9.

11. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein during modulation, the clock on the secondary side can be derived from the incident acoustic wave having a carrier frequency to the primary side.

12. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising an intermediate energy storage unit on the secondary side.

13. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the transponder is designed and adapted to use the clock of the receiving unit as the system clock.

14. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the secondary side does not have an oscillator for return communication.

15. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the secondary side does not have an oscillator.

16. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising an electrical impedance matching network on the secondary side.

17. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a frequency reducer on the secondary side.

18. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising on the secondary side a parallel circuit including an inductive element, a capacitive element, and a logic circuit, and a circuit unit having a converter.

19. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a logic circuit front-end circuit having a port, a power supply connection, four circuit nodes, an operational amplifier, and a transistor on the secondary side.

20. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising an acoustic impedance matching section and / or an electrical impedance matching section on the primary side and / or the secondary side.

21. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising a frequency demultiplexer on the primary side.

22. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the primary side is designed and adapted to supply energy to the secondary side.

23. An acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, which is designed and adapted for one-way or two-way communication.

24. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, further comprising on the primary side a compatible network having two signal conductors, a balanced guide input, an unbalanced guide output, a power supply connection, three inductive elements, and six capacitive elements.

25. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, further comprising on the secondary side means for recording and / or transmitting acoustic and / or optical perception.

26. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 25, further comprising on the secondary side means for recording and / or transmitting audio recording, image recording, video recording, images and audio recording.

27. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the secondary side element is operable by energy transmitted from the primary side.

28. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the information recorded on the secondary side can be transmitted as user data in the form of digital data.

29. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein video information recorded on the secondary side, whether a monochrome image, a grayscale image, or a color image, can be transmitted to the primary side.

30. The audio transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein the audio information recorded on the secondary side can be transmitted to the primary side as a monaural signal or a stereo signal.

31. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 30, which is capable of transmitting the start of a new image line to an external source when transmitting an image or video.

32. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 31, further comprising means for transmitting the start of a new image line to the secondary side.

33. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 32, which is capable of transmitting three values ​​for each image point when transmitting a color image from the secondary side to the primary side.

34. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 32, which is capable of transmitting three values ​​for each image point when transmitting a color image from the secondary side to the primary side.

35. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the primary and secondary sides are each provided with circuits, and the size of the data frame is designed and adapted to transmit or receive information to be transmitted.

36. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 35, wherein the data frame is 64 bytes in size.

37. An acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 36, which is designed and adapted to communicate with external communication equipment via an air interface.

38. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 37, wherein the external communication device is a mobile wireless terminal.

39. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 38, wherein the primary side and / or the secondary side can be controlled using external communication equipment.

40. The acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the air interface is selected from connection via a wireless standard transceiver, NFC connection, and Bluetooth connection.

41. On the primary side - An acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 40, comprising a converter element, an energy storage unit, and a circuit for converting data between different transmission standards.

42. The acoustic transmission system according to claim 41, wherein the energy storage unit is a battery or a rechargeable storage battery.

43. A primary circuit comprising the primary side element of the acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 42.

44. A secondary circuit comprising a secondary-side element of an acoustic transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

45. A method of transmission using an acoustic transmission system, - A step of transmitting a carrier signal to a secondary receiving unit using the primary transmitting unit, - The step of receiving the carrier signal via the receiving unit, - A step of generating a response signal based on the measured value, - The step of transmitting the response signal to the primary side, The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is On the primary side, - A transmitting unit designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal, - A receiving unit designed and adapted to receive a received signal in response to the transmitted signal, - comprising an electroacoustic converter designed and adapted to convert the transmitted signal to an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal to a received signal, On the secondary side, - A transponder designed and adapted to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals, - Equipped with an electroacoustic converter, Between the primary side and the secondary side, there is a medium that is transparent to acoustic signals. The primary side includes a module having an antenna, or the primary side is expandable with a module having an antenna. The primary side is configured to communicate with a plurality of secondary sides. The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is designed to avoid the overlap of various secondary acoustic signals using collision avoidance methods. method.

46. The method according to claim 45, wherein the primary side and the secondary side are sealed and / or separated by a barrier that is impermeable to electromagnetic signals.

47. The method according to claim 45 or 46, wherein acoustic waves pass through a barrier between the primary side and the secondary side to transmit information and / or energy.

48. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein the communication is encrypted point-to-point.

49. The method according to claim 48, wherein the communication uses an encryption method.

50. The method according to claim 49, wherein data is encrypted to prevent third parties from accessing the content and / or from modifying the content as intended.

51. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 50, wherein the communication is performed via a digital signal.

52. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 51, wherein the communication is performed in one direction or two directions.

53. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein the information is transmitted using a modulation selected from load modulation, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, frequency modulation, and complex modulation.

54. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 53, wherein the direction of data flow includes the direction from the primary side to the secondary side.

55. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 54, wherein the modulations include the individual modulations from sections 8 and 9 of the standard ISO / IEC 14443-2_2010.

56. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 55, comprising an error detection or error correction method.

57. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein a data frame is transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side as needed and responded to from the secondary side.

58. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 57, wherein only the unmodulated carrier frequency is transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side between asynchronous data frames.

59. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 58, wherein a parity bit is transmitted between 8 bits of user data in accordance with the standard ISO / IEC 14443-3_2011.

60. The transmission is the method according to any one of claims 45 to 59, wherein the transmission uses a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mechanism.

61. The method according to claim 60, wherein the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a CRC16 check or a CRC32 check according to standard ISO / IEC 14443-3_2011, and the last 2x8 bits or 4x8 bits belong to the check, respectively.

62. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 61, wherein energy is interimly stored on the secondary side.

63. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 62, wherein longitudinal acoustic waves pass through a solid barrier.

64. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 63, wherein the communication is controlled by the primary side.

65. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 64, wherein communication having a frequency range of 1 MHz to 50 MHz.

66. The electroacoustic communication method according to claim 65, wherein the frequency used is in the frequency range of 13.56 MHz ± 0.5 MHz.

67. The method according to claim 66, wherein the elements of the acoustic channel between the primary and secondary sides are adapted to a frequency range of 13.56 MHz ± 0.5 MHz.

68. The method according to claim 67, wherein the elements of the acoustic channel include an electroacoustic transducer, an adhesive layer, and a medium.

69. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 68, further comprising varying the frequency and / or amplitude to compensate for changes in environmental parameters or manufacturing tolerances.

70. The method according to claim 69, wherein changing the frequency is based on the received digital data that the primary side receives from the secondary side.

71. The method according to claim 70, wherein the secondary side first correctly receives the command from the primary side.

72. The method according to claim 71, wherein the secondary side subsequently notifies the primary side of the "good" frequency or the "bad" frequency.

73. The method according to claim 72, wherein the classification of the frequencies into "good" and "bad" frequencies is based on the bit error rate.

74. The method according to claim 73, which does not require additional analog circuit elements for classification into the "good" frequencies and the "bad" frequencies, and does not require evaluation of amplitude levels.

75. A method of using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 42 for querying measured values ​​in a volume airtight and / or electrically isolated from the primary side, The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is On the primary side, - A transmitting unit designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal, - A receiving unit designed and adapted to receive a received signal in response to the transmitted signal, - comprising an electroacoustic converter designed and adapted to convert the transmitted signal to an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal to a received signal, On the secondary side, - A transponder designed and adapted to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals, - Equipped with an electroacoustic converter, Between the primary side and the secondary side, there is a medium that is transparent to acoustic signals. The primary side includes a module having an antenna, or the primary side is expandable with a module having an antenna. The primary side is configured to communicate with a plurality of secondary sides. The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is designed to avoid the overlap of various secondary acoustic signals using collision avoidance methods. method.

76. The method according to claim 75 for measuring the temperature, gas pressure and / or humidity and / or pH value and / or pressure in a fluid medium.

77. The method according to claim 75 or 76, wherein the system is used in a high-voltage capacitor for transmission that is electrically isolated from the outside.

78. A method for using an error detection mechanism in an acoustic transmission system to find a well-fitting carrier frequency, amplitude, or modulation setting, The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is On the primary side, - A transmitting unit designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal, - A receiving unit designed and adapted to receive a received signal in response to the transmitted signal, - comprising an electroacoustic converter designed and adapted to convert the transmitted signal to an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal to a received signal, On the secondary side, - A transponder designed and adapted to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals, - Equipped with an electroacoustic converter, Between the primary side and the secondary side, there is a medium that is transparent to acoustic signals. The primary side includes a module having an antenna, or the primary side is expandable with a module having an antenna. The primary side is configured to communicate with a plurality of secondary sides. The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is designed to avoid the overlap of various secondary acoustic signals using collision avoidance methods. method.

79. A method for using an acoustic transmission system that uses four or more acoustic frequency ranges in which the same information is transmitted, The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is On the primary side, - A transmitting unit designed and adapted to provide a transmission signal, - A receiving unit designed and adapted to receive a received signal in response to the transmitted signal, - comprising an electroacoustic converter designed and adapted to convert the transmitted signal to an acoustic signal, and the acoustic signal to a received signal, On the secondary side, - A transponder designed and adapted to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals, - Equipped with an electroacoustic converter, Between the primary side and the secondary side, there is a medium that is transparent to acoustic signals. The primary side includes a module having an antenna, or the primary side is expandable with a module having an antenna. The primary side is configured to communicate with a plurality of secondary sides. The aforementioned acoustic transmission system is designed to avoid the overlap of various secondary acoustic signals using collision avoidance methods. method.

80. The method according to claim 79, wherein a two-stage modulation method is used for load modulation.

81. - Manchester coding data is modulated to a subcarrier in the first step, - The method according to claim 80, wherein the subcarrier is modulated again to the carrier frequency in the channel in a second step.

82. The method according to claim 81, wherein the primary side always simultaneously receives information from the secondary side in parallel across four frequency bands fixed to the carrier.

83. The method according to claim 82, wherein the information is transmitted simultaneously and always in four frequency bands.

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