Organic compounds and their uses, passivation films, solar cells and power consumption devices

Abstract

The present application provides an organic compound and its use, a passivation film, a solar cell and a power consuming device. The organic compound is a compound represented by formula (1) or an oxoacid salt of a compound represented by formula (1), where Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and an aromatic amine represented by formula (A): L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 1 is an oxo acid group. The organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of a solar cell device. [Formula 1] JPEG2025503809000080.jpg33170 .

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and more specifically to organic compounds and their use, passivation films, solar cells, and power consumption devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Perovskite solar cells possess many features, including excellent photoelectric properties, a high light absorption coefficient, a long carrier lifetime, and a long diffusion length, making them a leader in the third generation of new solar cells. Among them, inverted perovskite solar cells are attracting increasing attention due to their advantages such as high stability and low hysteresis. The structure of an inverted perovskite solar cell mainly consists of a glass substrate and, sequentially, a TCO, a pore transport layer (HTL), a perovskite layer (PVK), and an electron transport layer (ETL) placed on the glass substrate.

[0003] While metal oxides such as nickel oxide are commonly used as hole transport layer materials in the manufacture of inverted perovskite solar cells, the presence of trivalent nickel cannot be avoided during the manufacturing and use processes. Trivalent nickel reacts with A-site cations such as formamidine ions (FA) and methylamine ions (MA) present in the perovskite, creating vacancies at the A-site. This results in excess lead halide remaining at the interface between the perovskite layer and the pore transport layer, leading to an excessive number of defects at the interface or an imbalance in hole transport rates. This increases charge recombination at the interface, which in turn reduces the open-circuit voltage and curve factor of the solar cell, thereby decreasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0004] Therefore, there is still room for improvement in conventional technology. [Overview of the project]

[0005] In view of the above issues, this application provides an organic compound and its use, a passivation film, a solar cell, and a power consumption device, wherein the organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell device.

[0006] According to the first aspect, the present application provides an organic compound, the organic compound being a compound represented by formula (1), [ka] Here, Ar is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or a substituted aromatic amine represented by formula (A). [ka] L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R1 is an oxoacid group.

[0007] Each of Ar1 to Ar3 is independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms. n1 is selected from one of the integers from 1 to 3. Alternatively, it is an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0008] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, Ar, L and R1 having specific group structures are organically bonded to form the organic compound of formula (1) or further form an oxoacid salt, wherein L is selected from a chain alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is connected to Ar and R1 respectively, thereby forming an organic body; R1 is an oxoacid group, which can bind to metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby functioning to passivate the metal ions; at the same time, L can function to reduce steric hindrance. The organic compound formed by the organic bonding of Ar, L and R1 can form an aggregate with a regular structure through intermolecular interactions, and has high self-assembly capability, thereby being capable of producing a flat self-assembled passivation film, improving the performance of the passivation film, and when used in the manufacture of solar cells, being capable of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the stability of the solar cells.

[0009] Furthermore, when the above organic compound is used for manufacturing a passivation film of a solar cell, on the one hand, by controlling the number of carbon atoms in L, the hydrophobicity of the passivation film can be improved, and the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light-absorbing material can be further suppressed; on the other hand, the specific group structure in Ar enables the organic compound to have an energy level matching with other functional layer materials in the solar cell, which can further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0010] In some embodiments, L is selected from a chain alkylene group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

[0011] By controlling the number of carbon atoms in L, the steric hindrance of the organic compound is reduced, and at the same time, the hydrophobicity of the organic compound is improved, further enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the chain alkylene group is a linear alkylene group.

[0013] In some embodiments, R1 at each occurrence is independently selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boronic acid group, and a silicic acid group.

[0014] In some embodiments, R1 at each occurrence is independently selected from any one of the following structures,

Chemical Formula

[0015] In some embodiments, the heteroatom in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms is selected from at least one of N, O and S.

[0016] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of Formulas (A) to (C),

Chemical Formula

[0017] In some embodiments, X1 and X2 are independently selected from a single bond, C(R4R5), O, S, N, and NR4, and X1 and X2 are not simultaneously single bonds. Y1, Y2, and Y3 are each independently selected from one of the following: C(R4R5), O, S, or N.

[0018] In some examples, each R2-R5 is independently selected from H, D, a halogen group, an amino group, -CONR6, -OCOR6, an unsubstituted alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen or carboxylic acid group, an unsubstituted aryl group with 6-15 carbon atoms, an aryl group with 6-15 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 6-15 carbon atoms, or an heteroaryl group with 5-15 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen. Each time R6 appears, it is independently selected from one of the following: H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0019] In some examples, each instance of R4 in NR4 is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or one of the following structures: [ka] Each time Y4 appears, it is independently selected from either CR9 or N, and in the same structural formula, Y4 is not simultaneously N. Each time Y5 appears, it is independently CR9R 10 Or selected from NR9, R9~R 10 Each instance of this element is independently selected from H, D, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms.

[0020] * indicates the binding site with N in NR4.

[0021] In some embodiments, Ar4 and Ar5 are each independently selected from H, one of the following structures: [ka] Here, Y6 is selected from one of the following: CR7R8, O, S, S=O, C=O. Each time X3 appears, it is independently selected from either CR7 or N, and in the same structural formula, X3 is not simultaneously N. Each instance of R7 and R8 is independently selected from H, D, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms.

[0022] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] [ka] [ka] .

[0023] In some examples, the oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by losing at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group of the oxo acid group in the compound represented by formula (1), and the cation is a metal ion or NH4 + Selected from.

[0024] According to a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of an organic compound as a metal deactivator, wherein the organic compound is a compound represented by formula (2), [ka] Here, Ar0 is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms. L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. R1 is an oxoacid group, n1 is selected from one of the integers from 1 to 3. Alternatively, it is an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0025] According to a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned organic compound in the manufacture of a passivation film, wherein the organic compound is a compound represented by formula (2), [ka] Here, Ar0 is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms. L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. R1 is an oxoacid group, n1 is selected from one of the integers from 1 to 3. Alternatively, it is an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0026] According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a passivation film, the passivation film comprising as a component an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoate of the compound represented by formula (2), [ka] Here, Ar0 is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms. L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. R1 is an oxoacid group, n1 is selected from one of the integers from 1 to 3. According to the fifth aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a passivation film according to the fourth aspect, A step of preparing a mixture by mixing an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2) with a solvent, The process includes the steps of applying the mixture to the surface of a substrate, drying it, and obtaining a passivation film.

[0027] According to the sixth aspect, the present invention provides a solar cell comprising a hole transport layer and a passivation layer that are stacked, wherein the hole transport layer comprises a metal oxide, and the passivation layer comprises an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoate of the compound represented by formula (2). [ka] Here, Ar0 is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms. L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. R1 is an oxoacid group, n1 is selected from one of the integers from 1 to 3.

[0028] According to the seventh aspect, the present application provides a power consumption device including a solar cell as provided in the sixth aspect.

[0029] The above description is merely an outline of the technical solution of this application. In order to understand the technical solution of this application more clearly, and to enable a clearer understanding of the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of this application, specific embodiments of this application are given below, which can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0030] For those skilled in the art, various other advantages and benefits will become clear by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The drawings are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments and should not be considered limiting to the present application. In the drawings, the same components are given the same reference numerals. The drawings are as follows.

[0031] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of a power consumption device that uses a solar cell as a power source according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0032] The following examples of embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are used solely to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly and are merely examples, and do not limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, and the terms used herein are intended solely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms “including” and “having” and their synonyms in the description and claims of this application and in the description of the drawings above are intended to be non-exclusive.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are merely used to distinguish different objects and should not be understood as implicitly indicating the quantity, specific order, or hierarchical relationship of technical features of relative importance, or that which have been shown. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specifically limited, "multiple" means two or more.

[0035] References to “Examples” in this specification mean that certain features, structures, or properties described in relation to the Examples may be included in at least one Example of the Application. Where the term “Examples” appears elsewhere in this specification, it does not necessarily refer to the same Example, nor does it refer to an Example that is mutually exclusive, independent, or substitutable with other Examples. Those skilled in the art will understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the Examples described herein can be combined with other Examples.

[0036] The term "and / or" in the description of the embodiments of this application merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three types of relationships are possible. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. In this specification, the symbol " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more sheets (including two sheets).

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, terms such as "center," "vertical direction," "horizontal direction," "length," "width," "thickness," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "upper part," "bottom," "inside," "outside," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial direction," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" indicate directions or positional relationships, and are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are merely used to facilitate the explanation of the embodiments of this application and to simplify the explanation. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element in question has a specific direction, or that it should be composed of and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, terms such as “attached,” “connected,” “connected,” and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections. They may be mechanical connections or electrical connections. They may be directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or be internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application depending on the specific circumstances.

[0040] In the present invention, the term "alkyl group" refers to a group formed after one hydrogen is lost from an alkane, for example, a methyl group formed after one hydrogen is lost from methane, and the term "alkylene group" refers to a group formed after two hydrogens are lost from an alkane, for example, a methylene group formed after two hydrogens are lost from methane.

[0041] The term "chain alkane" refers to alkanes in which all carbon atoms are bonded by carbon-carbon single bonds and do not form a ring, with all remaining valence atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. This includes both linear and branched alkanes.

[0042] In the present invention, the number of carbon atoms in a "chain alkylene group" may be 1 to 10, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. It refers to a group formed after two hydrogen atoms are lost from a chain alkane containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms (i.e., a C1 to 10 chain alkane). Specific examples include groups formed after two hydrogen atoms are lost from a C1 chain alkane, C2 chain alkane, C3 chain alkane, C4 chain alkane, C5 chain alkane, C6 chain alkane, C7 chain alkane, C8 chain alkane, C9 chain alkane, or C10 chain alkane. Non-limiting examples of "C1-10 chain alkanes" include methane, ethane, n-propane, isopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-ethylbutane, 3,3-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 1-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethylpentane, 4-methyl-2-pentane, n-hexane, 1-methylhexane, 2-ethylhexane, 2-butylhexane, n-heptane, 1-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-ethylheptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane. In other words, non-limiting examples of "C1-10 chain alkylene groups" include groups formed after two hydrogens are lost from the above chain alkanes.

[0043] In this invention, "ring atom number" refers to the number of atoms bonded in a ring, and if the ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms included in the substituent are not included in the ring constituent atoms. The same applies to the "ring atom number" described below unless otherwise specified. For example, the ring atom number of a benzene ring is 6, the ring atom number of a naphthalene ring is 10, and the ring atom number of thiophene is 5.

[0044] An "aryl group" refers to a hydrocarbon group containing at least one aromatic ring, including non-condensed aryl groups and condensed aryl groups. A condensed aryl group refers to a group formed after two or more adjacent ring atoms shared by two or more aromatic rings are bonded together, i.e., a condensed ring.

[0045] A "heteroaryl group" refers to an aromatic ring group in which at least one of the ring constituent atoms is a heteroatom. Heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, and S.

[0046] An "aromatic amine" refers to a group in which a nitrogen atom and one of the ring-constituting atoms of the above-mentioned aryl group are directly bonded by a chemical bond.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of the "aryl group" of the present invention include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluorantene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, perylene, tetracene, pyrene, benzopyrene, astatine, or fluorene, and non-limiting examples of the "heteroaryl group" include triazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, imidazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, and thi The term "aromatic amines" includes enothiophene, furanopyrrole, furanofuran, thienofuran, benzoisoxazole, benzoisothiazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinoxaline, phenanthidine, perimidine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, etc. Non-limiting examples of "aromatic amines" include substituted or unsubstituted aniline, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, or substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine.

[0048] In the present invention, if no bonding site is indicated for a group, any bondable site on the group is designated as the bonding site.

[0049] In the present invention, the fact that the single bond to which the substituent is attached penetrates the corresponding ring indicates that the substituent may be attached at any position on the ring, for example. [ka] In this case, R is bonded to any substituted site on the benzene ring, and if R is H, it indicates that no substituent is present. [ka] In this case, it is benzene.

[0050] In the present invention, "substituted or unsubstituted" means that the defined group may or may not be substituted. If the defined group is substituted, it is understood that it may be substituted with any group permitted in the art, including, but not limited to, C1-30 alkyl groups, heterocyclyl groups containing 3 to 20 ring atoms, aryl groups containing 5 to 20 ring atoms, and heteroaryl groups containing 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0051] In the present invention, if the same substituent appears multiple times, it may be independently selected from different groups. [ka] If multiple R3 or multiple R2 groups are present in the , each R3 and R2 may be independently selected from different groups. Furthermore, if R3 or R2 is H, it indicates that the hydrogen on the benzene ring is not substituted with other substituents.

[0052] In this invention, "*" indicates a bonding site.

[0053] In the present invention, when two groups are bonded at a bonding site, for example [ka] In this case, if R is selected from a single bond, it indicates that the two groups do not need to be bonded via a specific group, but are directly bonded by a single bond, i.e. [ka] That is the case.

[0054] In this invention, when two cyclic structures in a schematic diagram share at least two ring-forming atoms, it indicates that the two cyclic structures are condensed, and when one of the cyclic structural groups is selected from H, it indicates that this cyclic structure does not exist. For example, [ka] In this case, if Ar4 or Ar5 is selected from H, it indicates that neither Ar4 nor Ar5 exists, and if both Ar4 and Ar5 are H, the structure is [ka] "

[0055] As described in the background information, when metal oxides such as nickel oxide are used as hole transport layer materials in the manufacture of perovskite solar cells, excessive interface defects or an unbalanced hole transport rate between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer increase charge recombination at the interface, thereby reducing the open-circuit voltage and curve factor of the solar cell, and decreasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell. Therefore, interface passivation is a primary means by which researchers improve the efficiency of battery devices, and generally involves adding a passivation layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer to passivate metal ions such as trivalent nickel.

[0056] In conventional technology, passivation films are generally manufactured using polymers, for example, polystyrene is used to manufacture interfacial passivation films. However, the engineers of this invention discovered the following during their research: When manufacturing passivation films using polymers such as polystyrene as the passivation material, it is difficult to control the thickness and flatness. Furthermore, if the thickness of the passivation film is too large, it suppresses carrier extraction, leading to a significant decrease in battery efficiency. At the same time, polymers are mixtures of molecular chains with substantially different molecular weights, and there are differences in the degree of polymerization of each molecule, resulting in a large molecular weight distribution. This reduces the reproducibility of the passivation film. In addition, the energy levels of the polymer, nickel oxide, and perovskite do not match, creating an energy barrier in the carrier extraction process. This increases the difficulty of extraction and, conversely, leads to a decrease in the open-circuit voltage of the battery.

[0057] Techniques have been attempted to fabricate passivation layers using small molecule salts containing metal-binding functional groups, and to passivate trivalent nickel using these metal-binding functional groups. However, the engineers of this invention discovered the following during the actual production development process: These small molecule salts also have difficulty forming flat passivation films, and their ability to significantly improve the stability of the photoconversion efficiency of the resulting solar cells is very limited.

[0058] Therefore, through numerous innovative experiments, the engineers of this invention have been able to passivate the metal in this invention and simultaneously obtain an organic compound with excellent film-forming properties. By using this compound in the production of passivation films, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cell devices can be improved.

[0059] One embodiment of the present invention provides an organic compound, the organic compound being a compound represented by formula (1), [ka] Here, Ar is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine represented by formula (A). [ka] L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R1 is an oxoacid group. Each of Ar1 to Ar3 is independently selected from H, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms. n1 is selected from one of the integers from 1 to 3. Alternatively, it is an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0060] In the above organic compound, Ar, L, and R1 having a specific group structure are organically bonded to form the organic compound of formula (1), or further to form an oxo salt, where L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is connected to Ar and R1 respectively, thereby forming an organic body, R1 is an oxo acid group that can bond to metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby performing the passivation of metal ions, and at the same time L can perform the effect of reducing steric hindrance, and the organic compound formed by the organic bond of Ar, L, and R1 can form aggregates with a regular structure through intermolecular interactions, has high self-assembly ability, thereby enabling the production of a flat self-assembled passivation film, improving the performance of the passivation film, and when used in the manufacture of solar cells, it can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0061] Furthermore, using the above-mentioned organic compounds in the production of passivation films for solar cells allows for two main advantages: on the one hand, controlling the number of carbon atoms in L improves the hydrophobicity of the passivation film, further suppressing the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light-absorbing material; and on the other hand, the specific matrix structure in Ar allows the organic compounds to have energy levels that match those of other functional layer materials in solar cells, further improving the photoconversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0062] Furthermore, in the organic compound of this application, the mutual attractive force between Ar and R1 of a group having a specific structure is small. Therefore, during the process of self-assembling film formation of the organic compound, it is possible to avoid the head-tail structures of the organic molecules being attracted to each other. This ensures that aggregates with a regular structure are formed between the organic molecules through intermolecular interactions, allowing the film formation to proceed in the direction of forming a flat monolayer film. This helps to form a passivation film with uniform thickness and flatness, thereby improving the photoconversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0063] In some examples, the chain-like alkylene group is a linear alkylene group.

[0064] Preferably, L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

[0065] Furthermore, by controlling the number of carbon atoms in L, the steric hindrance of organic compounds is reduced, while simultaneously improving the hydrophobicity of organic compounds, thereby further enhancing the photoconversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0066] In some examples, L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.

[0067] Furthermore, L is selected from linear alkylene groups with 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0068] Furthermore, L is selected from linear alkylene groups with 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0069] Non-restrictive examples of L include the following structures. [ka] Here, * indicates the binding site.

[0070] In some examples, each instance of R1 is independently selected from one of the following: a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boronic acid group, and a silicate group.

[0071] Each time R1 appears, one of the following structures is independently selected: [ka] * indicates the bonding site.

[0072] In some examples, the heteroatoms in the heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms are selected from at least one of N, O, and S.

[0073] When Ar is a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, the heteroatoms are selected from at least one of N, O, and S, thereby giving the organic compound energy levels that are better matched with commonly used metal oxide hole transport materials and perovskite materials, and when used in the manufacture of passivation films for solar cells, it further improves the performance of solar cells.

[0074] In some examples, in the heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, at least one heteroatom is nitrogen (N).

[0075] In some examples, Ar is selected from one of the following: an aryl group with 6 to 30 ring atoms, a heteroaryl group with 5 to 30 ring atoms, or an aromatic amine represented by formula (A).

[0076] In some examples, Ar is selected from one of the following: a condensed aryl group having 8 to 30 ring atoms, a condensed heteroaryl group having 8 to 30 ring atoms, or an aromatic amine represented by formula (A).

[0077] Ar is selected from one of the equations (A) to (C), [ka] * indicates the bonding site.

[0078] Here, X1 and X2 are independently selected from one of the following: single bond, C(R4R5), O, S, N, NR4, C=O, or S=O, and X1 and X2 are not simultaneously single bonds.

[0079] Furthermore, in the above equation, if X1 and X2 are not simultaneously single bonds, there are two possible forms of N in the equation: N sum NR4, for example, when forming a five-membered ring. [ka] That's fine.

[0080] In some embodiments, X1 and X2 are independently selected from one of the following: a single bond, C(R4R5), O, S, NR4, C=O, or S=O, and X1 and X2 are not simultaneously single bonds.

[0081] In some embodiments, X1 and X2 are independently selected from one of the following: a single bond, C(R4R5), NR4, C=O, or S=O, and X1 and X2 are not simultaneously single bonds.

[0082] In some embodiments, X1 and X2 are independently selected from one of the following: a single bond, C(R4R5), or NR4, and X1 and X2 are not both single bonds at the same time.

[0083] Y1, Y2, and Y3 are each independently selected from one of the following: C(R4R5), O, S, N, NR4, C=O, or S=O.

[0084] In some embodiments, Y1, Y2, and Y3 are each independently selected from one of the following: C(R4R5), O, S, N, and NR4.

[0085] In some embodiments, Y1, Y2, and Y3 are each independently selected from one of the following: C(R4R5), O, S, and NR4.

[0086] In some examples, each instance of R4 in NR4 is independently selected from H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or one of the following structures: [ka] Each time Y4 appears, it is independently selected from either CR9 or N, and Y4 in the same structural formula can never be N at the same time.

[0087] Each time Y5 appears, it is independently CR9R 10 Or selected from NR9, R9~R 10 Each instance of this element is independently selected from H, D, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms.

[0088] * indicates the binding site with N in NR4.

[0089] Each instance of R2 to R5 is independently selected from one of the following: H, D, a halogen group, -N(R6)2, -CONR6, -OCOR6, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0090] Each instance of R2 to R5 is independently selected from one of the following: H, D, a halogen group, -N(R6)2, -CONR6, -OCOR6, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0091] The halogen group contains one of the following: F, Cl, Br, or I.

[0092] The above -CONR6 represents an amide compound, and its structure can be represented as -C(=O)NR6, while -OCOR6 represents an ester compound, and its structure can be represented as -OC(=O)R6.

[0093] Each time R6 appears, it is independently selected from one of the following: H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0094] In some examples, each instance of R6 is independently selected from H, D, an unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted linear olefin group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0095] Ar4 and Ar5 are each independently selected from one of the following: H, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 5 to 30 carbon atoms. In some examples, Ar4 and Ar5 are each independently selected from H, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0096] n2 and n3 are each independently selected from one of the integers between 1 and 4.

[0097] n2 and n3 are each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0098] In some embodiments, Ar4 and Ar5 are each independently selected from H, one of the following structures: [ka] Here, Y6 is selected from one of the following: CR7R8, O, S, S=O, or C=O.

[0099] In some embodiments, Y6 is selected from one of CR7R8, O, or S.

[0100] Each instance of X3 is independently represented as either CR7 or N, and X3 in the same structural formula is not simultaneously N.

[0101] Each instance of R7 and R8 is independently selected from one of the following: H, D, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms.

[0102] In some examples, Ar1 to Ar3 are each independently selected from H, an olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from an aryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0103] In some examples, Ar3 to Ar5 are each independently selected from H, a cyclic olefin group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one of Ar3 to Ar5 is selected from an aryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0104] In some embodiments, at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] Each time an X4 appears, it independently triggers a CR 11 It represents.

[0105] R 11 Each instance of this element is independently selected from H, D, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms.

[0106] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] [ka] [ka] Here, R2~R 3、 The meanings of n2 to n3 are the same as above.

[0107] In some embodiments, the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by the above formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, the anion is formed by losing H from at least one alcoholic hydroxy group of the oxoacid group in the compound represented by the above formula (1), and the cation is a metal ion or NH4 + selected from the group consisting of

[0108] In some embodiments, the cation is Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Li + , Ca 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sn 2+ or NH4 + any one of them.

[0109] It should be noted that when the valence of the above cation is +2 or higher, the corresponding anion has a corresponding negative valence, and if the valence of the corresponding anion is +1, the number of anions is 2 or more, that is, the algebraic sum of the valences of the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by the above formula (1) and the cation in the oxoacid salt of the compound represented by the above formula (1) is 0.

[0110] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the use of an organic compound as a metal deactivator, wherein the organic compound is a compound represented by formula (2), [Chemical Formula] Here, Ar0 is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine having 6 to 50 ring atoms, L is selected from linear alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R1 is an oxoacid group, n1 is selected from any integer of 1 to 3, Alternatively, it is an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0111] The meanings and selection ranges of L, R1, and n1 are the same as described above.

[0112] In some examples, in Ar0, the heteroatoms in the heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms are selected from at least one of N, O, and S.

[0113] When ArO is a heteroaryl group with 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, the heteroatoms are selected from at least one of N, O, and S, thereby giving the organic compound energy levels that are better matched with commonly used metal oxide hole transport materials and perovskite materials, and when used in the manufacture of passivation films for solar cells, it further improves the performance of solar cells.

[0114] In some examples, in Ar0, in the heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, at least one heteroatom is N.

[0115] In some examples, Ar0 is selected from one of the following: an aryl group having 6 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine having 6 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms.

[0116] In some examples, Ar is selected from one of the following: a condensed aryl group having 8 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, a condensed heteroaryl group having 8 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms, or an aromatic amine having 6 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted ring atoms.

[0117] Ar is selected from one of the equations (B) to (D), [ka] * indicates the bonding site.

[0118] Here, X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, R2~R5, Ar4 and Ar 5、 The meanings and selection ranges of n2 and n3 are the same as above.

[0119] In some embodiments, Ar 01 ~Ar 03 Each of these is independently selected from H, an olefin group with 2 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, or an aryl group with 6 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, and Ar 01 ~Ar 03 At least one of these is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0120] In some embodiments, Ar 01 ~Ar 03 Each of these is independently selected from H, a cyclic olefin group with 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and Ar 01 ~Ar 03 At least one of these is selected from aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0121] In some embodiments, Ar 01 ~Ar 03 At least one of them is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] The meaning and selection range of X4 are the same as described above.

[0122] In some embodiments, Ar0 is selected from one of the following structures: [ka] [ka] [ka] Here, the meanings of R2~R3 and n2~n3 are the same as above.

[0123] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, Ar0, L, and R1 having a specific group structure are organically bonded to form an organic compound of formula (1) or further to form an oxo salt, where L is selected from a chain alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is linked to Ar0 and R1 respectively to form an organic body, and R1 is an oxo acid group which can bond to metal ions such as trivalent nickel and thereby perform the function of passivating the metal ions.

[0124] In some embodiments, the metal deactivator is a nickel metal deactivator, a zinc metal deactivator, or a molybdenum metal deactivator.

[0125] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of an organic compound in the production of a passivation membrane, wherein the organic compound is a compound represented by formula (2), or an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0126] The structure of the oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2) is the same as described above, so its explanation is omitted.

[0127] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a passivation film is provided, the passivation film comprising as a component an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0128] The structure of the oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2) is the same as described above, so its explanation is omitted.

[0129] In the above organic compound, L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is linked to Ar0 and R1 respectively, thereby forming an organic body. R1 is an oxoacid group that can bond with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby performing a passivation effect on the metal ions. At the same time, L can reduce steric hindrance. The organic compound formed by the organic bond of Ar0, L, and R1 can form aggregates with a regular structure through intermolecular interactions, exhibiting high self-assembly ability. This allows for the production of flat, self-assembled passivation films, thereby improving the performance of the passivation film. Furthermore, on the one hand, controlling the number of carbon atoms in L improves the hydrophobicity of the passivation film, further suppressing the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light-absorbing material. On the other hand, a specific group structure in Ar0 allows the organic compound to have energy levels that match those of other functional layer materials in solar cells, further improving the photoconversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0130] In some embodiments, the passivation film is a single layer film.

[0131] In some examples, the thickness of the passivation film is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.

[0132] In some examples, the thickness of the passivation film is 0.1 nm to 5 nm.

[0133] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing the passivation film is provided, which includes the following steps S10 to S20.

[0134] Step S10: A mixture is prepared by mixing the organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or the oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2) with a solvent.

[0135] The structure of the oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2) is the same as described above, so its explanation is omitted.

[0136] Step S20: The above mixture is applied to the substrate surface and dried to obtain a passivation film.

[0137] In some examples, the solvent is an organic solvent, and furthermore, the solvent is selected from at least one of alcoholic solvents, aromatic solvents, amide solvents, and sulfoxide solvents.

[0138] In some examples, the solvent is selected from at least one of methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, and chlorobenzene.

[0139] In some examples, the concentration of the mixture ranged from 0.1 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL.

[0140] The thickness of the resulting passivation film can be further adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the mixture.

[0141] In some embodiments, the above coating step may involve spin coating, knife coating, slit coating, or the like.

[0142] In some embodiments, the drying step described above is used to remove the solvent, which may be removed by annealing or vacuum heating.

[0143] Referring to Figure 1, the present application provides a solar cell 10 comprising a hole transport layer 12 and a passivation layer 13 that are stacked, wherein the components of the hole transport layer 12 include a metal oxide, and the passivation layer 12 includes an organic compound represented by formula (2) and / or an oxoate of the compound represented by formula (2).

[0144] The structure of the oxo salt of the compound represented by formula (2) or formula (2) is the same as described above.

[0145] In the organic compound of the passivation layer 12, L is selected from a chain-like alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is connected to Ar0 and R1 respectively, thereby forming an organic body. R1 is an oxoacid group that can bond with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, thereby performing the function of passivating the metal ions. Due to the specific group structure of Ar0, the organic compound can have an energy level that matches the hole transport layer 12. The organic compound formed by the organic bonds of Ar0, L, and R1 can form aggregates with a regular structure through intermolecular interactions, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0146] The metal oxide in the hole transport layer 12 may be any metal oxide commonly used in this field that can be used as a hole transport material.

[0147] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer 12 comprises at least one of nickel oxide, zinc oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0148] Continuing to refer to Figure 1, the solar cell 10 further includes a perovskite layer 14, the perovskite layer 14 located on the surface of the passivation layer 13 away from the hole transport layer 12.

[0149] The organic compounds in the passivation layer 12 can passivate metal ions such as trivalent nickel in the hole transport layer 12, thereby reducing grain boundary defects generated in the perovskite layer 14. At the same time, the organic compounds in the passivation layer 12 have energy levels that match those of the perovskite material and possess excellent hydrophobicity, which can suppress the adverse effects of water and oxygen on the perovskite light-absorbing material, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0150] Furthermore, the components of the perovskite layer 14 may be understood to include perovskite materials commonly used in this field.

[0151] In some examples, the chemical formula of the perovskite material satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6, where A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture thereof, which may be at least one of formamidine ions (FA), methylamine ions (MA), and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, which may be at least one of Pb ions and Sn ions; C is a noble metal cation, which is generally Ag+; and D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, such as a bismuth cation (Bi). 3+ Antimony cation Sb 3+ , and indium cation In 3+ It may be at least one of the following, where X is oxygen or a halogen element, and may be at least one of O, Br, and I.

[0152] In some examples, the band gap of the perovskite layer 14 is 1.20 eV to 2.30 eV, and the thickness is 200 nm to 1000 nm.

[0153] Continuing to refer to Figure 1, the solar cell 10 further includes a first electrode 11, an electron transport layer 15, and a second electrode 17.

[0154] Here, the first electrode 11 is located on the surface of the hole transport layer 12 away from the passivation layer 13, the electron transport layer 15 is located on the surface of the perovskite layer 14 away from the passivation layer 13, and the second electrode 17 is located on the surface of the electron transport layer 15 away from the perovskite layer 14.

[0155] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 is a transparent conductive electrode, and the material of the first electrode 11 may be FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, or IZO.

[0156] In some embodiments, the components of the electron transport layer 15 may be electron transport materials commonly used in this field, and non-limiting examples include [6,6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0157] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode 17 may be an electrode material commonly used in this field, including but not limited to Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0158] In some embodiments, referring again to Figure 1, the solar cell 10 further includes a buffer layer 16, which is located between the electron transport layer 15 and the second electrode 17.

[0159] The components of the buffer layer 16 may be the above-mentioned organic compounds, or other buffer passivation materials in this field.

[0160] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a power consumption device including the above-mentioned solar cell is further provided.

[0161] The above-mentioned solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability, which can improve the efficiency and lifespan of power consumption devices.

[0162] In some embodiments, the solar cell may be used as a power source for a power-consuming device, or as an energy storage element for a power-consuming device.

[0163] Furthermore, the above-mentioned power-consuming devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers, electric vehicles, trains, ships and satellites, and energy storage systems.

[0164] Figure 2 shows an example of a power consumption device. This power consumption device 20 is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, etc.

[0165] Other examples of power-consuming devices may include mobile phones, tablet computers, and laptop computers. [Examples]

[0166] Example 1 (1) Provide the following compound A: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0167] (1): Synthesis of 9-(2-bromoethyl)-9H-carbazole: 1.672 g of carbazole was dissolved in 25 mL of 1,2-dibromoethane and stirred until homogeneous. Then, 0.5 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 3 mL of 50 wt% KOH aqueous solution were added, the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was stopped after stirring for 72 hours. The product was extracted with methylene chloride, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column, and the mobile phase was a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:10.

[0168] (2): Synthesis of 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonate diethyl: 1 g of 9-(2-bromoethyl)-9H-carbazole was dissolved in 15 mL of triethyl phosphite, heated under reflux, and reacted for 24 hours. After the reaction, most of the organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the product was purified by column chromatography. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4, yielding 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonate diethyl, which has the following structure.

[0169] [ka]

[0170] (3): Synthesis of 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonic acid (compound A): 1 g of diethyl 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonic acid is dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol, 10 mL of saturated NaOH solution is added, and the mixture is reacted at 60°C for 24 hours. Then hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to adjust the pH to acidic. After the reaction, the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, the mixture is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to remove most of the solvent to obtain the crude product. The crude product is purified by column chromatography, and the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4.

[0171] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product compound A, and the data is as follows.

[0172] 1HNMR: δ1.83(2H,s),δ2.83(2H,t,J=6.1Hz),4.24(2H,t,J=6.1Hz),7.13(2H,ddd,J=8 .0,7.6,2.3Hz),7.30(2H,ddd,J=8.0,7.6,1.6Hz),7.52(2H,ddt,J=8.0,2.3,0.5Hz), 7.68(2H,ddd,J=8.0,1.6,0.5Hz).

[0173] (2) Manufacturing of solar cells, the specific steps are as follows:

[0174] 1. Obtain 20 FTO conductive glass sheets with specifications of 2.0*2.0cm, and laser etch both ends to remove 0.35cm of FTO from each sheet, exposing the glass substrate.

[0175] 2. The etched FTO conductive glass is ultrasonically cleaned in sequence with water, acetone, and isopropanol.

[0176] 3. After cleaning, the FTO conductive glass is blow-dried with a solvent using a nitrogen gun, and then placed in an ultraviolet ozone device for ultraviolet ozone cleaning.

[0177] 4. After UV ozone cleaning, a hole transport layer of 10 mg / mL nickel oxide nanoparticles (solvent: water) is spin-coated onto the FTO substrate at a speed of 4000 rpm / s, and then annealed on a hot plate at 100°C for 30 minutes.

[0178] 5. Compound A is dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecule solution with a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL after dissolution. The self-assembled molecules are then spin-coated onto a nickel oxide substrate at 3000 rpm / s, and dried using a vacuum method to form a passivation layer with a thickness of 1 nm.

[0179] 6,223 mg of lead iodide (PbI2), 80 mg of formamidine iodide (FAI), and 15 mg of methylammonium chloride (MACl) were weighed and dissolved in a mixed solution of 0.8 mL of DMF and 0.2 mL of DMSO. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours and filtered through a 0.22 μm organic filtration membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. The perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto the passivation layer at 3000 rpm / s, annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes, and cooled to room temperature to form a perovskite layer. The active substance in the perovskite layer was a CsFAMA system, and its thickness was 500 nm.

[0180] 7. PCBM is dissolved in chlorobenzene to form an electron transport material solution with a concentration of 20 mg / mL. This electron transport material solution is spin-coated onto the perovskite layer at 1500 rpm / s and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 50 nm. Next, a passivation material BCP solution (BCP dissolved in isopropanol, with a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL) is spin-coated at 5000 rpm / s to form a passivation layer with a thickness of 5 nm. Then, the device is placed in a deposition apparatus and a metal electrode Ag is deposited to obtain a battery device, which is referred to as Battery 1.

[0181] (3) Performance tests of the obtained solar cells are conducted, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0182] Using a solar simulator, tests were conducted in reference to the national standard IEC61215. A crystalline silicon solar cell was used to correct the light intensity to a single solar radiation intensity of AM1.5. The cell was connected to a digital source meter, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured under light irradiation. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0183] Example 2 Example 2 and Example 1 are similar, the only difference being the use of compound B (CAS: 13505-00-5) when producing the passivation layer in step (2), the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0184] Example 3 Example 3 and Example 1 are similar, the only difference being that compound C is used when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, and its structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0185] (1) Mix 3.26 g (20 mmol) of 2-chloroethanesulfonyl chloride, 1.2 g (20 mmol) of isopropanol, and 40 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane in round-bottom flask 1 and lower the temperature to 0°C. Take another flask, weigh 3.34 g (20 mmol) of carbazole, dissolve it in 20 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, and stir well until completely dissolved to obtain carbazole solution. Add the carbazole solution dropwise to round-bottom flask 1, and after the dropwise addition is complete, return the reaction temperature to room temperature and continue the reaction for 4 hours. After filtration, drying, and concentration, the crude product is purified by column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. The purification yields intermediate C-1, which has the following structure.

[0186]

Chemical formula

[0187] (2) Take a round-bottom flask, dissolve Intermediate C-1 in ethanol, take another vial to prepare a saturated sodium hydroxide solution, add sodium hydroxide dropwise to Product 1 until the solution becomes turbid, adjust the pH value to 11, adjust the temperature to 60°C, stir for 3 h to continue the hydrolysis reaction, then add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH value, stop the dropwise addition when the pH is adjusted to 2, remove ethanol in the system by rotary evaporation, add a small amount of water, extract with ethyl acetate, combine the organic phases, dry and concentrate, purify the crude product through a column, wherein the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane at a volume ratio of 1:4. Compound C is obtained after purification.

[0188] A nuclear magnetic resonance analysis test is performed on the obtained target product C, and the data are as follows.

[0189] 1H NMR: δ 2.53 (1H, s), δ 3.79 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 4.29 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 7.13 (2H, ddd, J=8.0, 7.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.30 (2H, ddd, J=8.0, 7.6, 1.6 Hz), 7.53 (2H, ddt, J=8.0, 2.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.69 (2H, ddd, J=8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0190] Other steps and conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0191] Example 4 Example 4 is similar to Example 1, and the only difference is that Compound D is used when producing the passivation layer in the fifth step of step (2), and the structure is as follows,

Chemical formula

[0192] (1) Take a clean, dry reaction flask and mix 7 g of 3,3′-dibromo-2,2′-dithiophene (21.60 mmol), 1.23 g of CuI (21.60 mmol), 2.29 g of dimethylethylenediamine (25.92 mmol), and 10.45 g of potassium carbonate (75.61 mmol) in a round-bottom flask. Then add 70 mL of distilled toluene and 0.1 mL of deionized water, wash the atmosphere in the reaction flask by displacement with nitrogen gas, then add 3.14 g of benzamide (25.92 mmol). After the addition is complete, ventilate the flask three times with argon gas, seal it, and insert an argon gas balloon. After reacting under reflux at 110°C for 48 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The crude product was then purified by column chromatography (silica gel, mobile phase: a mixed solution of methylene chloride and petroleum ether in a volume ratio of 1:2) to obtain a white crystalline solid of 4H-dithienopyrrole, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] .

[0193] (2) Mix 3.58 g (20 mmol) of 3-chloropropanesulfonyl chloride, 1.2 g (20 mmol) of isopropanol, and 40 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane in round-bottom flask 1 and lower the temperature to 0°C. Take another flask, weigh 20 mmol of 4H-dithienopyrrole, dissolve it in 20 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, and stir well until completely dissolved to obtain 4H-dithienopyrrole solution. Add the 4H-dithienopyrrole solution dropwise to round-bottom flask 1, and after the dropwise addition is complete, return the reaction temperature to room temperature and continue the reaction for 4 hours. Then filter by suction, dehydrate and dry the filtrate with magnesium sulfate, concentrate, and purify the crude product by column, with the mobile phase being a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Purify to obtain 4H-dithienopyrrole propylsulfonate isopropyl ester, which has the following structure.

[0194] [ka]

[0195] (3) Take a round-bottom flask and dissolve 4H-dithienopyrrolepropylsulfonate isopropyl ester in ethanol. Take another vial and prepare a saturated sodium hydroxide solution. Add the sodium hydroxide dropwise to product 1 until the solution becomes turbid, adjusting the pH to 11. Adjust the temperature to 60°C and stir for 3 hours to continue the hydrolysis reaction. Then, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to adjust the pH. When the pH of the system becomes 2, stop adding hydrochloric acid. Remove the ethanol from the system by rotary evaporation, add a small amount of water, extract with ethyl acetate, combine the oil phases, dry and concentrate the product, purify the crude product by column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Compound D is obtained by purification.

[0196] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product D, and the data is as follows.

[0197] 1HNMR: δ1.85(1H,s),δ2.09(2H,tt,J=6.7,6.3Hz),3.48(2H,t,J=6.7Hz),3.95(2H,t,J=6.3Hz),7.08(2H,d,J=6.4Hz),7.58(2H,d,J=6.4Hz).

[0198] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0199] Example 5 Example 5 and Example 1 are similar, the only difference being that compound F is used when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, and its structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0200] (1) Take a clean and dry round-bottom flask, add 60 ml of diethyl phosphite (0.35 mol) into the round-bottom flask, then add 3.5 g of 1-bromo-4-(2-bromoethyl)benzene (13.2 mmol), and heat the mixture to reflux for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is dried and concentrated, the crude product is purified through a column, and the mobile phase is a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and n-hexane with a volume ratio of 1:4. Intermediate F-1 (diethyl [2-(4-bromobenzene)ethyl]phosphonate) is obtained after purification, and the structure is as follows:

[0201]

Chemical Formula

[0202] (2) Take a clean and dry reaction flask, mix 9.6 g of intermediate F-1 (29 mmol), 4.9 g of diphenylamine (29 mmol), 0.5 g of Pd2(dba)3 (0.58 mmol), 2.316 mL of tri-tert-butylphosphine (2.32 mmol) and 18.86 g of cesium carbonate (58 mmol) in the reaction flask, add 100 mL of toluene, perform gas suction and exhaust on the reaction flask 3 times via a Schlenk line, seal the flask and insert an argon balloon, carry out the reaction at 110°C for 8 h, cool down to room temperature after the reaction, filter, dehydrate and dry the filtrate, concentrate the mixture, purify the crude product through a column, and the mobile phase is a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and n-hexane with a volume ratio of 1:8. Intermediate F-2 is obtained after purification, and the structure is as follows.

[0203]

Chemical Formula

[0204] (3) Take a clean, dry round-bottom flask, add intermediate F-2 to the round-bottom flask, and maintain an argon gas atmosphere. Then add 50 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 3.46 mL of bromotrimethylsilane (26 mmol) dropwise. Stir under an argon gas atmosphere at 25°C for 22 hours to allow the reaction to proceed. After the reaction is complete, add methanol (3 mL) and continue stirring for 3 hours. Add distilled water (10 mL) dropwise until the solution becomes opaque, stir overnight, filter the solid product, wash the solid product with water, and then dissolve the solid product in tetrahydrofuran until completely dissolved. Add n-hexane until no more precipitate forms. Filter the solid product and wash with n-hexane to obtain compound F.

[0205] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product F, and the data is as follows.

[0206] 1HNMR:δ1.95(2H,s),δ2.52(2H,t,J=6.3Hz),2.90(2H,t,J=6.3 Hz), 6.40 (2H, ddd, J = 8.2, 1.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.00-7.36 (12H, 7.06 (tt, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz), 7.14 (dtd, J = 8.2, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.17 (ddd, J = 8.2, 1.6, 0.5 Hz), 7.29 (dddd, J = 8.2, 7.8, 1.5, 0.5 Hz)).

[0207] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0208] Example 6 Example 6 and Example 1 are similar, the only difference being that compound G is used when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, and its structure is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0209] (1) Synthesis of diethyl [2-(4-bromobenzene)ethyl]phosphonate: This is the same as step (1) of Example 6.

[0210] (2) Take a clean, dry reaction flask and mix 9.5 g of diethyl [2-(4-bromobenzene)ethyl]phosphonate (29 mmol), carbazole (29 mmol), 0.5 g of Pd2(dba)3 (0.58 mmol), 2.316 mL of tri-tert-butylphosphine (2.32 mmol), and 18.86 g of cesium carbonate (58 mmol) in the reaction flask. Add 100 mL of toluene, evacuate the reaction flask three times through a Schlenkle line, seal it, insert an argon balloon, and react at 110°C for 8 hours. After the reaction, cool to room temperature, filter, dehydrate and dry the filtrate, concentrate to obtain a mixture, purify the crude product by column, and use a mobile phase of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. Purification yields intermediate G-1, which has the following structure.

[0211] [ka]

[0212] (3) Take a clean, dry round-bottom flask, add intermediate G-1 to the flask, and while maintaining an argon gas atmosphere, add 50 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 3.46 mL of bromotrimethylsilane (26 mmol) dropwise, and stir under an argon gas atmosphere at 25°C for 22 hours. After the reaction is complete, add methanol (3 mL) and continue stirring for 3 hours, then add distilled water (10 mL) dropwise until the solution becomes opaque, stir overnight, filter the solid product, wash the solid product with water, and further dissolve the solid product in tetrahydrofuran until completely dissolved, and add n-hexane until no more precipitate precipitates. Filter the solid product and wash with n-hexane to obtain compound G.

[0213] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product G, and the data is as follows.

[0214] 1HNMR: δ1.83(2H,s),δ2.75(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.02(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),7.32-7.48(4H,7. 39(ddd,J=8.0,6.2,1.5Hz),7.41(ddd,J=8.4,6.2,2.6Hz)),7.57(2H,ddd,J=8.2,1.6, 0.4 Hz),7.71-7.90(6H,7.77(ddd, J = 8.2, 1.5,0.4Hz),7.82(ddd,J=8.4,1.5, 0.5 Hz), 7.83 (ddt, J = 8.0, 2.6, 0.5 Hz)).

[0215] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0216] Example 7 Example 7 and Example 1 are similar, the only difference being that compound H is used when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5. [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0217] A clean, dry round-bottom flask is placed in the flask, and 30 g of (9H-fluoren-9-yl)chloromethane (0.140 mol), 300 mL of acetone, and 300 mL of saturated Na2SO3 aqueous solution are added. A reflux condenser is then placed in the flask, and the mixture is stirred at 90°C for 8 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture is dried under vacuum conditions at 30°C to remove the acetone. Next, under ice bath conditions, 100 mL of 6 M hydrochloric acid solution is added until the pH of the solution reaches approximately 1. At this time, a white solid precipitates and is separated by filtration. The solid is repeatedly washed with diethyl ether and vacuum-dried at 40°C to obtain compound H.

[0218] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product H, and the data is as follows.

[0219] 1HNMR:δ2.35(1H,s),δ3.98 (2H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 4.91 (1H, t, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.29-7.43 (4H, 7.36 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 1.4 Hz), 7.36 (ddd, J = 7.6, 6.9, 1.1 Hz)), 7.66 (2H, ddd, J = 7.6, 1.4, 0.5 Hz), 7.83 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 1.1, 0.5 Hz).

[0220] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0221] Example 8 Example 8 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the use of compound J when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0222] (1) Take a clean, dry reaction flask and add 2.94 g of potassium carbonate (21.3 mmol), 1 g of tert-butyl carbamate (8.53 mmol), 2.08 g of 2,3-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene (7.11 mmol) and 30 ml of toluene solution. Under a nitrogen gas current, add 0.25 g of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (2.13 mmol) and 1.35 g of copper iodide (7.11 mmol), and stir at 125°C for 12 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture, filter by suction, dry the filtrate over magnesium sulfate, concentrate it further, and purify the crude product by column chromatography. The mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:6. The purification yields intermediate J-1, which has the following structure.

[0223] [ka]

[0224] (2) Mix 3.58 g (20 mmol) of 2-chloroethanesulfonyl chloride, 1.2 g (20 mmol) of isopropanol, and 40 ml of 1,3-dichloropropane in round-bottom flask 1 and lower the temperature to 0°C. Take another flask, weigh 5.59 g (20 mmol) of intermediate J-1, dissolve it in 20 ml of 1,3-dichloropropane, and stir well until completely dissolved to obtain a solution of intermediate 1. Add the solution of intermediate 1 dropwise to round-bottom flask 1, and after the dropwise addition is complete, return the reaction temperature to room temperature and continue the reaction for 4 hours. After filtration, drying, and concentration, the crude product is purified by column, and the mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:8. By purification, intermediate J-2 is obtained, and its structure is as follows.

[0225] [ka]

[0226] (3) Take a round-bottom flask, dissolve intermediate 2 in ethanol, take another vial, prepare a saturated sodium hydroxide solution, add sodium hydroxide dropwise to product 1 until the solution becomes turbid, the pH value is 11, adjust the temperature to 60°C, stir for 3 hours to continue the hydrolysis reaction and obtain the hydrolysis product (containing a compound with the following structure).

[0227] [ka]

[0228] Hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to the hydrolysis product to adjust the pH to 2. Once the pH is adjusted to 2, the addition is stopped, and ethanol is removed from the system by rotary evaporation. A small amount of water is added, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The oil phase is combined, the product is dried and concentrated, and the crude product is purified by column chromatography. The mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4. Compound J is obtained by purification.

[0229] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product J, and the data is as follows.

[0230] 1H NMR: δ 1.83 (1H, s), δ 2.39 (2H, tt, J = 6.4, 6.3 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 4.49 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.25 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 7.7, 1.2 Hz), 7.44 (2H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.7, 1.5 Hz), 8.01-8.18 (4H, 8.08 (ddd, J = 7.8, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 8.11 (ddd, J = 8.5, 1.5, 0.5 Hz)).

[0231] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0232] Example 9 Example 9 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the use of compound K when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0233] (1) Dissolve N3,N3,N6,N6-tetraphenyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine (CAS No. 608527-58-8, 20 mmol) in 25 mL of 1,2-dibromoethane, stir to mix homogeneously, then add 5 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide and 30 mL of 50 wt% KOH aqueous solution, raise the temperature to 50°C, stir for 72 hours, then stop the reaction, extract the product with methylene chloride, dry the organic phase with anhydrous MgSO4, and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the crude product, purify the crude product by column, the mobile phase is a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:10, and obtain intermediate K-1, the structure of which is as follows.

[0234] [ka]

[0235] (2) Take a clean, dry round-bottom flask, add 60 ml of diethyl phosphite (0.35 mol) to the flask, dissolve 8.05 g of intermediate K-1 in triethyl phosphite, and heat the mixture under reflux for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, dry and concentrate the mixture, and purify the crude product by column chromatography. The mobile phase is a mixture of methylene chloride and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:2. By purification, intermediate K-2 is obtained, and its structure is as follows: [ka] .

[0236] (3) Take a clean, dry round-bottom flask, transfer intermediate K-2 into the round-bottom flask, and maintain an argon gas atmosphere, add 50 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 3.46 mL of bromotrimethylsilane (26 mmol) dropwise, and stir in an argon gas atmosphere at 25°C for 22 hours, then add methanol (3 mL) and continue stirring for 3 hours, add distilled water (10 mL) dropwise until the solution becomes opaque, stir overnight, filter the solid product and wash with water, dissolve the solid product in tetrahydrofuran until completely dissolved, add n-hexane until no more precipitate precipitates, filter the precipitate and wash with n-hexane to obtain compound K.

[0237] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product K, and the data is as follows.

[0238] 1HNMR: δ 1.96 (2H, s),δ 2.72 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.41 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 6.70 (2H, dd, J = 8.3, 1.8 Hz), 6.84 (8H, dtd, J = 8.2, 1.2, 0.5 Hz), 7.03 (4H, tt, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz), 7.29 (8H, dddd, J = 8.2, 7.8, 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 7.49 (2H, dd, J = 8.3, 0.4 Hz), 7.63 (2H, dt, J = 1.8, 0.5 Hz).

[0239] The other steps and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0240] Example 10 Example 10 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the use of compound L when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0241] A clean, dry round-bottom flask is taken, 5.5 g of compound A (20 mmol) is added and dissolved in 20 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and then 0.8 g of sodium hydroxide (20 mmol) is dissolved in 20 mL of water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution. The sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise to 2-(9H-carbazole-9-ethyl)phosphonic acid, the ethanol is removed by rotary evaporation, water and ethyl acetate are added, the oil phase is removed, ethanol is added to the aqueous phase, the solvent is concentrated and removed, and then the mixture is vacuum-dried at 60°C to obtain product compound L.

[0242] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product L, and the data is as follows.

[0243] 1HNMR: δ 1.85 (1H, s), δ 2.36-2.48 (2H, 2.42 (t, J = 6.1 Hz), 2.42 (t, J = 6.1 Hz)), 4.15-4.27 (2H, 4.21 (t, J = 6.1 Hz), 4.21 (t, J = 6.1 Hz)), 7.13 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.30 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 1.6 Hz), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 2.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.68 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0244] Example 11 Example 11 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the use of compound M when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0245] (1): This is the same as step (1) of Example 1, the only difference being that the 1,2-dibromoethane in Example 1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,3-dibromopropane.

[0246] Steps (2) and (3) refer to steps (2) and (3) of Example 1.

[0247] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product M, and the data is as follows.

[0248] 1HNMR: δ1.83(2H,s), δ 2.09 (2H, tt, J = 7.4, 6.3 Hz), 2.61 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.39 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.13 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.30 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 7.6, 1.6 Hz), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 2.3, 0.5 Hz), 7.68 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0249] Example 12 Example 12 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the use of compound N when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0250] (1): This is the same as step (1) of Example 1, the only difference being that the 1,2-dibromoethane in Example 1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,6-dibromohexane.

[0251] Steps (2) and (3) refer to steps (2) and (3) of Example 1.

[0252] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product N, and the data is as follows.

[0253] 1HNMR:δ 1.77 (2H, s),δ 1.18-1.37 (4H, 1.24 (tt, J = 7.7, 7.2 Hz), 1.30 (tt, J = 7.2, 6.5 Hz)), 1.73 (2H, tt, J = 7.7, 7.4 Hz), 2.06 (2H, tt, J = 6.5, 6.3 Hz), 2.56 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.44 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.17-7.31 (4H, 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.6 Hz)), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 7.74 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0254] Example 13 Example 13 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the use of compound P when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, the structure of which is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0255] (1): This is the same as step (1) of Example 1, the only difference being that the 1,2-dibromoethane in Example 1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,8-dibromooctane.

[0256] Steps (2) and (3) refer to steps (2) and (3) of Example 1.

[0257] Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the obtained target product P, and the data is as follows.

[0258] 1H NMR: δ 1.75 (2H, s),δ1.18-1.37 (8H, 1.25 (tt, J = 7.1, 6.9 Hz), 1.26 (tt, J = 6.9, 6.5 Hz), 1.25 (quint, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.30 (tt, J = 6.6, 6.5 Hz)), 1.73 (2H, tt, J = 7.4, 7.1 Hz), 2.06 (2H, tt, J = 6.6, 6.3 Hz), 2.62 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.44 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.17-7.31 (4H, 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.24 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.8, 1.6 Hz)), 7.52 (2H, ddt, J = 8.0, 1.8, 0.5 Hz), 7.74 (2H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.6, 0.5 Hz).

[0259] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being the structure of the compound used when producing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5, is as follows: [ka] The specific steps are as follows:

[0260] (1) Synthesis of N-bromocarbazole: Refer to patent CN100368399, and the explanation is omitted here.

[0261] (2): Synthesis of 9H-carbazole-9-ylphosphonate diethyl: 4.9 g of N-bromocarbazole (20 mL) was dissolved in 15 mL of diethyl phosphite (87.5 mmol), heated under reflux, and reacted for 24 hours. After the reaction, most of the organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the product was purified by column chromatography. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetone and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4, and an intermediate with the following structure was obtained. [ka] .

[0262] (3) The intermediate obtained in (2) is dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol, a saturated NaOH solution is added to adjust the pH to 11, and the reaction is carried out at 60°C for 24 hours. Then hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 2. After the reaction, the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, and the mixture is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to remove most of the solvent to obtain the crude product. The crude product is purified by column chromatography, and the mobile phase is a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 1:4 to obtain the target compound. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis is performed on the obtained target product, and the data is as follows.

[0263] 1HNMR: δ 2.65 (2H, s),7.31-7.50 (4H,7.38 (ddd, J= 8.5, 6.9, 1.5 Hz), 7.43 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 1.4 Hz)), 7.57 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 1.5, 0.5 Hz), 7.84 (2H, ddd, J = 8.5, 1.4, 0.5 Hz).

[0264] The other steps are the same as in Example 1; see Table 1 for specific results.

[0265] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being that the self-assembling compound used to produce the passivation layer is pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate.

[0266] The other steps are the same as in Example 1; see Table 1 for specific results.

[0267] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being that the fifth step in step (2) is omitted, i.e., the perovskite layer is directly fabricated on the nickel oxide substrate.

[0268] The other steps are the same as in Example 1; see Table 1 for specific results.

[0269] Comparative Example 4 Example 4 and Example 1 are substantially the same, the only difference being that polystyrene is used when manufacturing the passivation layer in step (2), step 5.

[0270] The other steps are the same as in Example 1; see Table 1 for specific results.

[0271] [Table 1]

[0272] The final points to be explained are as follows: The above embodiments are merely for illustrating, and not limiting, the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand the following: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or to substitute some or all of their technical features, and such modifications or substitutions shall not cause the substance of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they shall all be included within the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way, provided that there is no structural contradiction. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions included in the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0273] 10 Solar Cells 11 1st electrode 12 Hole transport layer 13 Passivation Layer 14 Perovskite layer 15 Electron transport layer 16 Buffer layer 17 Second electrode 20 Power consumption equipment

Claims

1. An organic compound for solar cell passivation films, characterized by being one of the following compounds or a salt obtained by reacting with a hydroxyl group of said compound. 【Chemistry 1】

2. It is a passivation membrane, The passivation film is characterized in that the components of the passivation film include the organic compound for solar cell passivation films described in claim 1.

3. The steps include providing a substrate and A step of preparing a mixture by mixing the organic compound for solar cell passivation film described in claim 1 with a solvent, A method for producing a passivation film according to claim 2, comprising the steps of applying the mixture to the surface of the substrate and drying it to obtain a passivation film.

4. A solar cell comprising a hole transport layer and a passivation layer that are stacked and installed, The hole transport layer contains a metal oxide, A solar cell characterized in that the passivation layer contains the organic compound for solar cell passivation film described in claim 1.

5. The perovskite layer further comprises a perovskite layer located on a surface of the passivation layer away from the hole transport layer, and / or The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that the hole transport layer comprises at least one of nickel oxide and zinc oxide.

6. The solar cell according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the thickness of the passivation layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.

7. A power consumption device characterized by including the solar cell described in claim 4.

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