Consumable products containing malted grains to promote recovery during physical activity.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or a malted oat infusion, which, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in a mammal after consumption, increases cardiac output and / or reduces the mammal's recovery process during and / or after physical activity, thereby treating and / or preventing muscle damage caused by strains and / or tears in athletic mammals and for preventing paralysis during and / or after physical activity. It has been found for the first time that consumption of the consumable product before, during, and / or after physical activity stabilizes the mammal's red blood cell fluid volume (EFV) during and / or after physical activity at a value not greater than 3% below resting values, such as a value of 37-38%, and stabilizes the mammal's creatine kinase levels at a value lower than that of mammals not consuming SPC, i.e., a value indicative of reduced muscle stress and damage. The intended use of the consumable products is as food or feed for humans and / or animals, including but not limited to horses and dogs.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an edible product comprising malted oats and / or an infusion of malted oats for use in increasing cardiac output in a mammal, reducing the time required for muscle recovery of the mammal during and / or after physical activity, effectively treating and / or preventing muscle damage caused by muscle contusion and / or rupture in a competitive mammal, and preventing paralysis during and / or after physical activity, wherein the edible product is consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) and / or a fragment thereof in the mammal after consumption. It has been found for the first time that the consumption of the edible product before, during and / or after the physical activity stabilizes the erythrocyte fluid volume fraction (EFV) of the mammal during and / or after physical activity at a value that is no more than 3% higher than the resting value, such as a value of 37% to 38%, and stabilizes the creatine kinase level of the mammal at a value lower than that of a mammal not consuming the edible product, that is, a value indicating an increased oxygen uptake capacity in blood and reduced muscle stress and damage.

[0002] The use of the edible product is intended as a food or feed for humans and / or animals such as, but not limited to, horses and dogs.

[0003] It is disclosed for the first time herein that an edible product comprising malted oats and / or an infusion of malted oats in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) and / or a fragment thereof in a mammal after consumption stabilizes the hemoglobin, hematocrit and / or creatine kinase responses in the mammal during and / or after physical activity, which in turn indicates an increase in cardiac output.

[0004] Malted oats and / or malted oat extracts contained in consumable products for use according to the present invention particularly contain avenanthramide D at a concentration at least 100% higher than that of the corresponding unmalted oats, and are obtained from a malting process comprising the steps of soaking oats in water at a temperature of about 5°C to about 20°C to germinate them, and subsequently drying the oats at a temperature of 80°C or less.

[0005] While this invention is based particularly on the remarkable discovery of the effects of malted oats, it is also natural that other malted grains that have the ability to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption can also stabilize hemoglobin, creatine kinase, and hematocrit responses in mammals during and / or after physical activity. [Background technology]

[0006] Increasing cardiac output, preventing muscle damage during exercise, and accelerating muscle recovery after exercise have long been recognized as necessary in humans and animals, particularly athletes and athletic animals. However, this applies not only to athletes but also to individuals who engage in strenuous exercise as part of their lifestyle or work.

[0007] Cardiac output (CO), also known as cardiac cardiac volume, is a term used in cardiac physiology that represents the amount of blood pumped out by the heart from the left and right ventricles per unit time. Cardiac output (CO) is the product of heart rate (HR), or the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and stroke volume (SV), which is the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles per beat; the value of cardiac output is usually expressed as L / min. For a healthy person weighing 70 kg, the average resting cardiac output is approximately 5 L / min; assuming a heart rate of 70 beats / min, the stroke volume is approximately 70 ml.

[0008] Cardiac output is related to the amount of blood supplied to various parts of the body, and is therefore a crucial factor in how efficiently the heart can meet the body's demands for maintaining adequate tissue perfusion. Body tissues require a continuous oxygen supply, which necessitates the sustained transport of oxygen-containing blood to the tissues through systemic circulation via the aorta and arteries at adequate pressure from the left ventricle of the heart. Oxygen supply (DO2 mL / min) is the result of blood flow rate (cardiac output CO) multiplied by the amount of oxygen in the blood (CaO2). The amount / percentage of circulating oxygen consumption per minute (VO2) due to metabolism varies with activity level, but is approximately 25% of DO2 at rest. Physical exercise requires higher oxygen consumption than resting levels to support increased muscle activity. During exercise, mean arterial pressure usually increases slightly because cardiac output increases more than total resistance decreases. In contrast, pulse pressure increases significantly due to increases in both stroke volume and the rate at which stroke is ejected. Cardiac output increases significantly during peak exercise due to an increase in stroke volume. Regular aerobic fitness, anaerobic fitness, and prolonged muscular endurance training lead to increased cardiac output, which in turn results in greater oxygen supply and waste removal during exercise, and thus improved endurance exercise capacity.

[0009] During physical exercise, several factors influence muscle performance, prevent muscle damage, and affect post-performance recovery time. In one aspect, insulin availability is essential, as it is necessary for the post-exercise recovery process in glycogen replenishment as well as for the reconstruction and repair of muscle proteins. Proteins and certain amino acids can stimulate the insulin response, thereby accelerating muscle recovery. Free radicals also play a role in exercise-induced muscle damage, and therefore antioxidants can reduce muscle damage and help maintain cellular integrity by reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, amino acids and certain natural supplements can help minimize muscle stress during exercise.

[0010] Recovery from exercise requires the restoration of fluids (hydration) and electrolytes, rapid replenishment of muscle glycogen, reduction of oxidation and muscle stress, and reconstruction and repair of muscle proteins damaged during exercise.

[0011] In particular, glycogen stores in mammals need to be replenished, and any muscle cells damaged during exercise need to be repaired. For this purpose, studies in humans and horses have shown that ingesting certain amino acids after exercise can reduce muscle recovery time.

[0012] In particular, all performance athletes, including performance horses and human athletes, must strive to maintain adequate hydration to transport substances to and from cells within the body, and to synthesize and repair body tissues. The amount of water required depends on the amount of water lost from the body and the amount of water used for protein synthesis. During physical activity, water is lost from the body mainly through sweat, urine, and feces. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain equilibrium in the cellular transport of body fluids across cell walls during and / or after physical activity in order to shorten recovery time after physical activity and / or minimize dehydration during physical activity.

[0013] Hemoglobin - Red blood cell fluid volume (EFV) Furthermore, during exercise, the cardiovascular system must ensure a supply of substrate to the working muscles. The primary functions of red blood cells during exercise are the transport of O2 from the lungs to the tissues and the delivery of CO2 produced by metabolism for exhalation to the lungs. In addition, hemoglobin contributes to the buffering capacity of the blood, and the release of ATP and NO from red blood cells contributes to vasodilation and improved blood flow to the working muscles. These functions require an adequate amount of red blood cells in circulation. Therefore, the increased demand for oxygen is met by increasing the removal of O2 from hemoglobin (Hb), which is achieved by increasing blood flow to the muscles and by decreasing Hb-O2 affinity.

[0014] The parameters required to assess O2 transport capacity are blood hemoglobin (cHb) and hematocrit (Hct), as well as total hemoglobin mass (tHb) and total erythrocyte volume (erythrocyte fluid volume ratio / tEFV) in circulation. cHb and Hct are easily measured with standard blood testing equipment. Along with CO2, they indicate the amount of O2 that can be transported peripherally per unit volume of cardiac output.

[0015] Changes in Hct occur rapidly. If hydration during exercise is insufficient, Hct increases during exercise. Water loss is due to sweating, the movement of plasma water into the extracellular space due to the accumulation of osmotically active metabolites, and filtration resulting from increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. The resulting increase in plasma proteins increases colloid osmotic pressure and therefore reduces water leakage.

[0016] The magnitude of the change in Hct (Hypertension) is determined by the intensity and type of exercise during the training session (strength versus endurance). The change is not as pronounced during swimming, for example, compared to running.

[0017] Increases in tHb and tEFV in trained athletes indicate that exercise stimulates erythropoiesis. An additional marker is an increase in reticulocyte count, which may be observed within 1-2 days after endurance and strength training units.

[0018] Numerous studies have shown that Hct tends to be lower in athletes than in inactive individuals, which have become established reference Hct and Hb levels for athletes. Approximately 85% of female athletes and 22% of male athletes have Hct levels below 44%.

[0019] In conclusion, there are many mechanisms that contribute to increased tissue oxygen supply during exercise. These include adjustments during exercise and training. Training increases total hemoglobin mass by stimulating red blood cell production, which increases the amount of O2 that can be carried by the blood. Training also increases red blood cell 2,3-DPG, which increases the sensitivity of Hb-O2 affinity to acidification-dependent O2 release.

[0020] Creatine kinase Physical exercise or strenuous sports activity can further increase blood creatine kinase (CK) levels. CK levels respond to significant changes in the amount and intensity of exercise. Therefore, CK levels can rise significantly after extraordinary and extreme types of exercise. This is mainly true for strength and speed-muscle exercise stress. The presence of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood is generally considered an indirect marker for the diagnosis of medical conditions such as muscle injury, particularly myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, and brain diseases.

[0021] Patients suspected of having exercise-induced CK elevation are often advised to observe a one-week break from training. Unfortunately, competitive athletes often find this completely impossible.

[0022] Antisecretory factor (AF) Antisecretory factors (AFs) are a type of protein that occurs naturally in the body. Protein antisecretory factors (protein AFs) are 41 kDa proteins originally considered to provide protection against diarrheal diseases and intestinal inflammation (see Non-Patent Document 1 for an overview). Protein antisecretory factors (protein AFs) were sequenced some time ago, and their cDNA has been cloned (see Patent Document 1). Antisecretory activity appears to be primarily exerted by peptides located at amino acid positions 35-50 of the protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) sequence, containing at least 4-16 amino acids such as 4, 6, 7, 8, or 16 of the consensus sequence. The biological effects of AFs are exerted by any peptide or polypeptide (AF-6) containing at least 6 amino acids as shown in Patent Document 1 of the consensus sequence, or by polypeptides and / or modifications thereof that do not alter the function of the peptide, such as the peptides shown in Patent Document 1 (AF-16) or Patent Document 1 (AF-8).

[0023] Protein antisecretory factors (protein AFs) and peptides have been previously disclosed to normalize pathological fluid transport and / or inflammatory responses, such as in the intestines and central nervous system after cholera toxin exposure (Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses the structure of certain antisecretory proteins and characterizes their active moieties.

[0024] Therefore, Patent Document 1 suggests that foods and feeds having the ability to induce endogenous synthesis of AF or uptake of added AF are useful in treating edema, diarrhea, dehydration, and inflammation. Patent Document 2 discloses the use of enzymatically active products for the production of foods that induce the formation of protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) after consumption. Patent Document 3 further discloses food products that are concentrated with and / or naturally rich in natural protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) itself.

[0025] From Patent Document 4, it is known that the formation of antisecretory factors (AF) or protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) (referred to as ASP in Patent Document 4; also known as FIL) can be stimulated by adding certain sugars, amino acids, and amides to animal feed. The type and amount of these substances used for the formation of an interesting amount of ASP is determined by the method disclosed in that patent. Briefly, this method involves measuring a standardized secretory response in the small intestine of a rat. From that patent, it is clear that the formed inducible ASP controls the secretion of body fluids into the intestine. In the said patent, the content and amount of native antisecretory proteins are defined by their effect on body fluid secretion into the small intestine of experimental rats loaded with cholera toxin (RTT test). One ASP unit (AF unit / FIL unit) corresponds to a 50% reduction in body fluid flow in the rat intestine compared to a control without inducible ASP. Antisecretory proteins are active in very small amounts, and therefore it is often easier to measure them by their effect rather than by their mass.

[0026] From Patent Document 2, it is known that the formation of ASP is induced in the body by consumption of a specific type of food having enzymatic activity. The induction effect and the resulting ASP formation vary depending on the individual and their condition, and hitherto occur with an unpredictable intensity and induction period. However, thereafter, they can be measured, and necessary corrections can be made using the measurement guidance. It is mentioned that the product may be a malted cereal such as malted oat.

[0027] Avenanthramide Avenanthramides are a group of phenolic compounds comprising substituted N-cinnamoylanthranilic acids derived from cinnamic acid or a derivative thereof and anthranilic acid or a derivative thereof. Avenanthramides are mainly found in oats, and are reported to confer properties such as anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant properties and anti-pruritic properties. In oats, the most abundant avenanthramides are avenanthramides 2p, 2f, 2c, 2p as set forth herein d and 2c d which are also referred to as avenanthramides A, B, C, O, P and Q, respectively. The latter nomenclature using capital letters is referred to as Collin's nomenclature, and the former nomenclature is referred to as Dimberg's modified nomenclature. In Dimberg's nomenclature, the number refers to anthranilic acid or a derivative thereof, and the letter refers to cinnamic acid or a derivative thereof. For example, "2" refers to 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and "p" refers to p-coumaric acid. In addition, the letter "d" means a double bond. In one example, avenanthramide A (2p) differs from avenanthramide O (2p d ) in the number of double bonds, as shown in Scheme 1 below.

[0028]

Chemical Formula

[0029] Report "Non-Patent Literature 2" discloses a method for concentrating avenanthramides, including immersion and germination of oats at a low pH. It is stated that oat extracts containing oat material subjected to this method exhibit positive physiological effects caused by avenanthramides, as well as beneficial effects derived from β-glucans.

[0030] Patent Document 5 discloses a method for increasing avenanthramide levels in oats by artificial malting. The oats are first subjected to induction or enhancement of secondary dormancy, and then malted at high temperatures for up to 5 days. The malted but ungerminated oats are then dried and used as is, or further processed or milled to produce food, feed, nutritional supplements or personal care products and ingredients.

[0031] Patent Document 6 discloses the composition and method of an avenanthramide-enriched oat-based product having improved health benefits. The oat-based product contains an avenanthramide component having avenanthramide 2c:2p:2f in a ratio including at least one of 1:1:1 or 1:2:2. The avenanthramide component can be obtained synthetically or recovered by treating raw oats into constituent oat fractions.

[0032] Patent Document 7 states that the concentration of avenanthramide is known to increase in the endosperm of oats upon immersion in water. It also states that avenanthramide has been reported to be thermally stable to steam treatment, and that these studies may suggest that malting of oats may contribute to an increase in antioxidant properties due to an increase in avenanthramide levels, but that the role of malting in increasing the antioxidant properties of oats has not been reported in the scientific literature. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0033] [Patent Document 1] WO97 / 08202 [Patent Document 2] WO98 / 21978 [Patent Document 3] WO00 / 038535 [Patent Document 4] Swedish Patent SE9000028-2 (Publication Numbers 466,331) [Patent Document 5] WO2010 / 108277 [Patent Document 6] WO2015 / 179676 [Patent Document 7] WO2007 / 52153 [Non-patent literature]

[0034] [Non-Patent Document 1] Lange and Lonnroth, 2001 [Non-Patent Document 2] "A study of avenanthramides in oats for future applications," by Elene Karlberg, Uppsala University School of Engineering, published June 2010. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0035] The object of this disclosure is to provide a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts, which comprises substantially elevated levels of compounds such as avenanthramides, and which, after consumption, stimulate and / or induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF), peptides and / or fragments thereof in mammals, and which, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce said endogenous production of said protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in the mammals, increase cardiac output and promote the recovery process of said mammals during and / or after physical activity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0036] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, such a consumable product for use in increasing cardiac output and facilitating the recovery process of the mammal during and / or after physical activity comprises hulled malted oats.

[0037] The need to increase cardiac output through dietary changes and mitigate the negative consequences of strenuous exercise or competition has long been sought. For the first time, the present invention provides means to improve the negative effects of exercise on several key parameters, including, but not limited to, hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte fluid volume ratio (EFV), and creatine kinase (CK), and thus simultaneously increase cardiac output and reduce the recovery time required in horses and other mammals after physical activity, including time for muscle recovery.

[0038] The present invention relates to the remarkable insight that a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract can promote oxygenation levels in the blood and the recovery process of mammals during and / or after physical activity, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption. It has been found for the first time that the consumption of the consumable product before, during, and / or after physical activity stabilizes the hemoglobin (Hb) levels of the mammals after consumption of the consumable product to an average of 133–139 g / L during and / or after physical activity, such as an average of 139 g / L or less in mammals during and / or after physical activity.

[0039] Furthermore, consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention stabilize the erythrocyte fluid volume percentage (EFV) of mammals during and / or after physical activity at a low value such as 37-38%, which is 3% or less below the resting value, and / or stabilize the creatine kinase levels of the mammals at a low value of approximately 1% or less below the resting value.

[0040] In particular, consumable products containing malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention have been found to be useful in increasing cardiac output and promoting the muscle recovery process in mammals during and / or after physical activity.

[0041] Accordingly, the present invention relates, in one embodiment, to a consumable product comprising and / or a consumable product comprising hulled malted oats and / or a hulled malted oat extract produced according to the malting process described herein, which comprises a sufficient amount of hulled malted oats and / or a hulled malted oat extract to increase the amount of anti-secretory factor (AF) protein and / or fragments thereof in the blood of a subject to at least about 0.7 AF units / mL, such as at least 1 AF unit / mL of blood; and to the use of the consumable product as a food or feed and / or supplement to food or feed for human and / or animal use to increase cardiac output and to promote the muscle recovery process in mammals during and / or after physical activity.

[0042] Therefore, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption, the consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention increases the level of oxygenation in red blood cells, increases the stroke volume of mammals, improves and / or prevents muscle damage caused by muscle contusions and / or tears, prevents paralysis during and / or after physical activity, and / or reduces muscle recovery time after physical activity in mammals.

[0043] In particular, the consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption, increases the level of oxygenation in red blood cells, increases the stroke volume of mammals, and improves and / or prevents muscle damage caused by muscle contusions and / or tears in athletic mammals.

[0044] In conclusion, the present invention relates to a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use as disclosed herein, wherein consumption of the consumable product induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals, resulting in mammals having at least about 0.5 AF units / mL of blood, such as at least 0.7 AF units / mL of blood, such as at least 1 AF unit / mL of blood, during and / or after physical activity. The higher levels of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments induced thereby improve the negative effects of exercise on several important parameters, including, but not limited to, hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte fluid volume ratio (EFV) and creatine kinase (CK), and thus simultaneously increase cardiac output and reduce the recovery time required in horses and other mammals after physical activity, including time for muscle recovery.

[0045] Since other malted grains that have the ability to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption can also stabilize hemoglobin, creatine kinase and / or hematocrit responses in mammals during and / or after physical activity, the present invention relates, in its broadest sense, to a consumable product comprising malted grains and / or malted grain extracts for use as disclosed herein, wherein consumption of the consumable product induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals, resulting in the mammal having at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood during and / or after physical activity, and consequently having at least about 0.7 AF units / mL of blood, such as at least 1 AF unit / mL of blood.

[0046] Consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention may be in forms selected from the group consisting of foods, feeds, supplements to foods or feeds, drugs and nutritional supplements for human and / or animal consumption.

[0047] In one embodiment, a consumable product for use according to the present invention comprises hulled malted oats and / or an extract of said hulled malted oats, wherein the said hulled malted oats are: a) A process to remove the outer layer of oat grains, b) A process of soaking oat grains with the outer husk removed in water at a temperature of 5°C to 20°C, c) A process of germinating the oat grains with the outer husk removed at a temperature of 5°C to 20°C, d) A process in which one of steps b to c is repeated depending on the circumstances, followed by e) A process of drying the oat grains with the outer husk removed at a temperature of 80°C or lower. Produced by a malting process characterized by containing, Malted oats with the outer hull removed contain a higher concentration of i) avenanthramide D compared to the corresponding unmalted oats with the outer hull removed, such that the concentration is at least 100% higher.

[0048] In one embodiment, the hulled malted oats are produced by a malting process as described herein, and the soaking of the hulled oat grains in step b) is carried out at a temperature of 7°C to 15°C for 1 to 5 days.

[0049] The consumable products for use herein typically comprise hulled malted oats and / or the leachate of said hulled malted oats, wherein the said hulled malted oats are produced by the malting process as described herein, and the hulled malted oats are: (ii) Abenanceramide A, (iii) Abenanthramide C, (iv) Abenanthramide C methyl ester, (v)(Z)-N-ferloyl 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and optionally (vi) Abenanceramide G This further includes one or more of the following: The concentrations of one or more of (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi) are higher compared to oats that have not been malted with the corresponding outer layer removed.

[0050] The consumable product for use according to the present invention is produced by a process according to the present invention and, in some embodiments, may further contain compounds selected from the group consisting of guaiacol or its derivatives, L-tryptophan, DL-phenylalanine, and any combination thereof, wherein the concentration of at least one of the further compounds is higher than the concentration of the same compound in the corresponding non-malted oats.

[0051] The consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention can be used to increase cardiac output and / or to promote the recovery process of mammals during and / or after physical activity, whether primarily aerobic or primarily anaerobic.

[0052] A consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention can be used to increase cardiac arrest and / or to promote the recovery process of mammals during and / or after physical activity, the mammal being human and / or animal, or selected from the group consisting of equids such as horses and donkeys, dogs, and fur-bearing animals. In the current preferred embodiment, the mammal is a horse.

[0053] The consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract according to the present invention can be used in horses to prevent, improve and / or treat hyperkalemia such as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP).

[0054] The consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention may be in liquid, solid, or combination thereof form. The consumable products are typically intended for daily human and / or animal consumption.

[0055] The consumable product may be provided to mammals in a dose of at least 1 g / kg body weight / day, typically for at least two weeks.

[0056] A consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention may be a feed and / or feed supplement for domestic animals, such as a feed and / or feed supplement for equids.

[0057] The consumable products of the present invention typically regulate fluid balance in mammalian cells upon consumption. They also typically possess anti-secretory, anti-diarrheal, and / or anti-inflammatory properties.

[0058] The present invention discloses for the first time a method for stabilizing the hemoglobin (Hb) levels of a mammal after consumption of a consumable product to an average value of 133–139 g / l or less during and / or after physical activity, comprising administering to a mammal a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to ensure that the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of physical activity, for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of physical activity.

[0059] The present invention further discloses for the first time a method for stabilizing the erythrocyte fluid volume percentage (EFV) of a mammal during and / or after physical activity to a value of 3% or less above the resting value, and for stabilizing the creatine kinase level of the mammal during and / or after physical activity to a value of 1% or less below the resting value, the method comprising administering to the mammal a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to ensure that the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of the physical activity, for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of the physical activity.

[0060] Similarly, a method for stabilizing the hematocrit volume percentage of a mammal to a value of 37-38% or less during and / or after physical activity, comprising administering to the mammal a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to ensure that the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of the physical activity, for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of the physical activity.

[0061] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for increasing cardiac output, treating and / or preventing muscle injury caused by muscle contusions and / or tears in athletic mammals, preventing paralysis during and / or after physical activity, and / or reducing muscle recovery time after physical activity in mammals, the method comprising supplying the mammal with a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to have the mammal have at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of the physical activity for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of the physical activity.

[0062] A method according to the present invention comprises providing a consumable product, the consumable product comprising hulled malted oats and / or an extract of the hulled malted oats, the hulled malted oats being produced by a malting process disclosed herein.

[0063] The method according to the present invention includes providing a consumable product to animals, particularly equids such as horses, and / or mammals, which may be humans.

[0064] The method according to the present invention comprises administering a consumable product to a mammal, the consumable product being provided to the mammal in a dose of at least 1 g / kg / day. Typically, the mammal is administered the consumable product daily.

[0065] Definitions and abbreviations In this context, the term “performance” is defined as any form of labor or compulsory physical activity. Labor or physical activity may include walking, trotting, cantering, running, jumping, and turning. Thus, performance horses may include any horse that is actively ridden, trained, or capable of carrying or pulling loads. Since the performance activity of horses varies in both duration and intensity, the feeding systems that address the nutritional requirements of these horses must also vary.

[0066] Proteins are biomacromolecules composed of amino acid residues linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins, as linear polymers of amino acids, are also called polypeptides. Typically, proteins have 50 to 800 amino acid residues and therefore a molecular weight ranging from approximately 6,000 to several hundred thousand daltons or more. Smaller proteins are called peptides, polypeptides, or oligopeptides. The terms "protein," "polypeptide," "oligopeptide," and "peptide" may be used interchangeably in this context. Peptides can have very few amino acid residues, such as 2 to 50 amino acid residues (aa).

[0067] In this context, the term "anti-secretory" refers to inhibiting or reducing secretion and / or fluid transport. Therefore, the term "protein anti-secretory factor (protein AF)" refers to a class of proteins that can inhibit, reduce, or otherwise modulate fluid transport and secretion in the body.

[0068] In this context, the terms “anti-secretory factor protein,” “anti-secretory factor protein (protein AF),” “AF-protein,” AF, or its homologues, derivatives, or fragments may be used interchangeably with the terms “anti-secretory factor” or “anti-secretory factor protein” as defined in Patent Document 1, and refer to protein anti-secretory factors (protein AF) or peptides or their homologues, derivatives, and / or fragments, or variants thereof that do not alter the function of the polypeptide, having anti-secretory and / or equivalent functions and / or similar activities. Therefore, it should be understood that “anti-secretory factor,” “anti-secretory factor protein,” “anti-secretory peptide,” “anti-secretory fragment,” or “protein anti-secretory factor (protein AF)” in this context may also refer to their derivatives, homologues, or fragments. All of these terms may be used interchangeably in the context of this disclosure. Furthermore, in this context, the term “anti-secretory factor” may be abbreviated as “AF.” In this context, protein anti-secretory factor (protein AF) also refers to proteins having anti-secretory properties as previously defined in Patent Documents 1 and 3. Antisecretory factors are disclosed, for example, in WO05 / 030246.

[0069] In this context, the term "ASP" is used to refer to "anti-secretory proteins," specifically natural protein anti-secretory factors (protein AFs).

[0070] In this context, "AF activity" is measured as an increase in AF units in the blood after consumption of the consumable product of the present invention, by inducing AF units / mL blood greater than 0.5, such as at least 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, or 2, in humans or animals. The increase in AF activity is defined by its effect on fluid secretion into the small intestine of experimental rats loaded with cholera toxin (RTT test / ligation loop assay). 1 ASP / AF unit / mL blood corresponds to (1 FIL unit) and corresponds to a 50% reduction in systemic flow in the rat intestine compared to a control without ASP, i.e., approximately 1.5 nmol of AF protein per liter of plasma (1.5 nmol / L).

[0071] AF activity can also be measured by using the kits, assays, and / or methods described in WO2015 / 181324 (Anti-Secretoring Factor Complex Assay) to verify the effectiveness of the consumable product according to the present invention as compliance of humans and / or animals to the same consumable product after consumption.

[0072] In this context, "functional food products" refer to food products that have beneficial functions for health, that is, food products that have beneficial effects on the health of humans or animals.

[0073] In this context, the expression “pathologically high levels of fluid loss” refers to levels of fluid loss, such as from intracellular and / or extracellular fluid, that deviate from what is considered normal and / or healthy in humans and / or animals, the latter being selected from the group consisting of intravascular fluid, interstitial fluid, lymph, and transcellular fluid. Specifically, levels of fluid loss may be such that they are taken into consideration by a healthcare professional, such as a nurse or physician, who is appropriate to treat a patient. In this context, the term “pathological” is generally used to describe an abnormal anatomical or physiological condition. The term “disease pathology” generally encompasses the causes, processes, and changes in organs and tissues that occur with human disease. Many of the most common pathological diseases are causes of death and disability.

[0074] In this context, hyperkalemia is interchangeable with "segregating hyperkalemia periodic paralysis" (HYPP) or "Impressive syndrome," an autosomal dominant condition characterized by potassium-induced seizures of skeletal muscle paralysis. HYPP co-segregates with the same gene that causes human HYPP: the equid adult skeletal muscle sodium channel α subunit gene.

[0075] Hyperkalemia is diagnosed as an excess of potassium in the blood, which causes the horse's muscles to contract more easily than normal. This makes the horse more susceptible to sporadic episodes of muscle tremors or paralysis.

[0076] Symptoms of HYPP may include muscle spasms, unpredictable paralytic episodes that can lead to sudden death, and respiratory murmurs. The severity of episodes varies from unnoticed to fainting or sudden death. Death is usually caused by respiratory failure and / or cardiac arrest.

[0077] AF: Antisecretory factor, protein antisecretory factor (protein AF): full-length AF protein (as shown in Patent Document 1, WO07 / 126364) AF-6: Hexapeptide, fragment of protein anti-secretion factor (protein AF) (as shown in WO07 / 126364); AF-16: A peptide consisting of 16 amino acids, a fragment of a protein anti-secretory factor (protein AF) (as shown in Patent Document 1, WO07 / 126364); AF-8: Septapeptide, fragment of protein anti-secretory factor (protein AF) (as shown in Patent Document 1, WO07 / 126364); Octapeptides, fragments of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) (as shown in Patent Document 1, WO07 / 126364); RTT: A method for measuring the standardized secretory response in the rat small intestine as published in Patent Document 4 for measuring the content of AF(ASP) in the blood. CK: Creatine kinase (CK) Hb: Hemoglobin (Hb) cHb: Hb concentration in the blood (cHb) tHb: Total Hb mass (tHb) Hct: Hematocrit (Hct) EFV: Red blood cell fluid volume fraction tEFV: Total circulating red blood cell volume (red blood cell fluid volume ratio / tEFV) g: grams mL: milliliter μL: microliter min.: minutes vol: volume UPLC: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography V: Bolt GHz: Gigahertz LC-qTOF: Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (high-resolution mass spectrometry) RP: Out of phase MS: Mass spectrometry rpm: revolutions per minute ppm: parts per million obiwarp - Ordered Bijective Interpolated Warping mzML=mz(mass-to-charge ratio)ML [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0078] [Figure 1] This figure shows hemoglobin levels (g / L) in horses fed either the control diet or the same diet with SPC Performance added, in stables 1(a) and 2(b), using blood samples taken in November before training (Hb0), 1 day after training (Hb1), and 3 days after training (Hb3). [Figure 2] This figure shows the average blood values ​​of μKAT / L creatine kinase (CK) and nmol / L phosphorus (P) measured on day 1 after training in horses from two stables. [Figure 3] This figure shows the average changes in blood values ​​(Hb and EFV) in horses fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with SPC Performance in two different stables. [Figure 4] This figure shows the chemical structures of avenanthramides A, B, C, D, G, O, P, and Q. [Figure 5] This figure shows the amount of avenanthramide 1p, or avenanthramide D, in oat samples S1 to S6. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0079] This disclosure relates to means for treating and / or preventing muscle damage caused by muscle contusions and / or ruptures in mammals, and for facilitating the recovery process in mammals during and / or after physical activity, such as preventing paralysis during and / or after physical activity. In particular, the present invention relates to effective means for reducing muscle recovery time after physical activity in mammals.

[0080] It is disclosed herein for the first time that a consumable product containing a sufficient amount of malted oats and / or malted oat extract to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof (for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, WO07 / 126364) in mammals after consumption stabilizes hemoglobin, creatine kinase, and / or hematocrit responses at low levels in mammals during and / or after physical activity.

[0081] Malted oats and / or malted oat extracts contained in consumable products for use according to the present invention particularly contain avenanthramide D at a concentration at least 100% higher than that of the corresponding unmalted oats, and are obtained from a malting process comprising the steps of soaking oats in water at a temperature of about 5°C to about 20°C to germinate them, and subsequently drying the oats at a temperature of 80°C or less.

[0082] The effect of consumable products on the recovery process As can be seen in the experimental section, incorporating the consumable product for use according to the present invention into the diet of horses resulted in significantly lower changes in both Hb and EFV compared to control animals after exercise.

[0083] Compared to the control, the consumable product for use according to the present invention has a significant effect on the absolute value of EFV, and lower EFV values ​​indicate a better recovery rate from rigorous training using the consumable product for use according to the present invention, further enhancing the indication of the benefit of the consumable product for use according to the present invention in recovery.

[0084] As a result, it is disclosed for the first time herein that the consumable product for use according to the present invention limits changes in Hb and limits the increase in EFV values ​​to less than 3% compared to day 0 before training.

[0085] Lower creatine kinase levels in diets containing the consumable product for use according to the present invention also indicate better muscle condition compared to a control diet.

[0086] The present invention relates to the remarkable insight that a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract can improve some of the stress-inducing effects of exercise when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption, thereby increasing cardiac output and facilitating the recovery process in mammals during and / or after physical activity. It has been found that consumption of a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract as described herein stabilizes the hemoglobin (Hb) levels of mammals during and / or after physical activity to an average of 133–139 g / L, such as an average of 139 g / L or less in mammals during and / or after physical activity.

[0087] It has now been found that the consumption of the consumable product before, during, and / or after physical activity stabilizes the erythrocyte fluid volume percentage (EFV) of mammals during and / or after physical activity to a value of 3% or less below the resting value, such as 37-38%, and stabilizes the creatine kinase levels of the mammals to lower values ​​than those recorded in individuals that did not consume the consumable product.

[0088] It has also been found for the first time that the consumption of the consumable product according to the present invention before, during, and / or after the aforementioned physical activity stabilizes the creatine kinase levels of the mammals to a value of approximately 1% or less above the resting value.

[0089] Accelerating the muscle recovery process - reducing muscle recovery time after physical activity in mammals In particular, consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention have been found to be useful in promoting the muscle recovery process in mammals during and / or after physical activity, and thus in effectively reducing the muscle recovery time after physical activity in mammals.

[0090] The consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention have been found to be useful in mitigating the negative effects of excessive and / or prolonged exercise on several physiological parameters that have been previously well documented in both humans and horses, such as evaporative heat loss, fluid deficiency, weight loss, uncorrected sweat loss, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities such as decreased plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium, and insufficient recovery of heart rate. During recovery from exercise, muscle protein synthesis increases to repair muscle tissue damaged during labor.

[0091] As illustrated in the Examples section, consumption of the consumable product of the present invention affects blood levels CK, Hb, and EVF (hematocrit), preventing them from rising too high during physical exertion. In particular, the return to pre-exertion levels is faster in individuals given the consumable product of the present invention, resulting in a quicker recovery rate and, consequently, shorter rehabilitation including reduced muscle recovery time after physical activity.

[0092] Therefore, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption, the consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention improve and / or prevent muscle damage caused by muscle contusions and / or ruptures in mammals, prevent paralysis during and / or after physical activity, and / or reduce muscle recovery time after physical activity.

[0093] In particular, the consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention improves and / or prevents muscle injuries caused by muscle contusions and / or tears in athletic mammals, when consumed in an amount sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption.

[0094] Consumable products This disclosure relates to a consumable product for use as described herein, comprising (i) hulled malted oats containing avenanthramide D and / or an extract of said hulled malted oats, wherein the concentration of (i) is higher than that of the corresponding hulled, non-malted oats, and the consumable product induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in a subject after consumption.

[0095] The SPC PERFORMANCE used in Example 1 is a horse feed and / or supplement containing (i) hulled malted oats containing avenanthramide D and / or an extract of said hulled malted oats, wherein the concentration of (i) is higher compared to the corresponding hulled, non-malted oats, and the consumable product induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in subjects after consumption. Therefore, the SPC PERFORMANCE used in Example 1 is an exemplary consumable product according to the present invention.

[0096] Figure 5 shows the amount of avenanthramide 1p, i.e., avenanthramide D, in a typical consumable product according to the present invention, which consists of hulled malted oats and / or the leachate of said hulled malted oats.

[0097] Malted oats with the outer husk removed: (ii) Abenanceramide A, (iii) Abenanthramide C, (iv) Abenanthramide C methyl ester, (v)(z)-N-ferloyl 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and optionally (vi) Abenanceramide G It may further include one or more of the following: The concentrations of one or more of (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi) are higher compared to oats that have not been malted with the corresponding outer layer removed.

[0098] Malted oats with the outer husk removed: (vii) Compounds selected from the group consisting of guaiacol or its derivatives, L-tryptophan, DL-phenylalanine, and any combination thereof may also be included. (vii) One or more concentrations are higher compared to the corresponding hulled, unmalted oats. The guaiacol derivative may be ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and / or p-coumaric acid.

[0099] The consumable products disclosed herein induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in a subject after consumption. The degree of induction of said endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof can be controlled by providing an appropriate amount of the consumable product to a subject in need.

[0100] Consumable products containing malted oats produced by the malting process described herein include avenanthramide A, avenanthramide C methyl ester, avenanthramide D, and certain combinations of compounds as described herein, up to an increased amount that induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in the subject after consumption.

[0101] Surprisingly, the above combinations of compounds at the concentrations described herein were found to increase anti-secretory factor (AF) activity and / or improve endogenous AF formation in subjects after consumption.

[0102] Therefore, there is a consumable product that includes (i) malted oats containing avenanthramide D and / or an extract of said malted oats, wherein the concentration of (i) is higher than that of the corresponding hulled, non-malted oats, and the consumable product induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in the subject after consumption.

[0103] Malted oats and / or leaches of said malted oats contained in consumable products: (ii) Abenanceramide A, (iii) Abenanthramide C, (iv) Abenanthramide C methyl ester, (v)(Z)-N-ferloyl 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and optionally (vi) Abenanceramide G It may further include one or more of the following; (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi) are higher in one or more concentrations compared to the corresponding oats that have not been malted.

[0104] Malted oats and / or leaches of said malted oats contained in consumable products: (vii) may further include compounds selected from the group consisting of guaiacol or its derivatives, L-tryptophan, DL-phenylalanine, and any combination thereof; (vii) One or more concentrations are higher compared to the corresponding oats that have not been malted.

[0105] The guaiacol derivatives described herein may be ferulic acid, synapic acid, and / or p-coumaric acid.

[0106] In one embodiment, a consumable product for use according to the present invention comprises malted oats and / or an extract of said malted oats, wherein the malted oats are: a) The process of preparing oat grains and, if necessary, removing the outer husk, b) The process of soaking oat grains in water at a temperature of 5°C to 20°C, c) The process of germinating the oat grains at a temperature of 5°C to 20°C, d) A process in which one of steps b to c is repeated depending on the circumstances, followed by e) The process of drying the oat grains at a temperature of 80°C or lower. Produced by a malting process characterized by including, Malted oats contain a higher concentration of i) avenanthramide D compared to the corresponding unmalted oats, such as at least 100% higher concentrations than the corresponding unmalted oats.

[0107] Induction of endogenous production of anti-secretory factors In conclusion, the present invention relates to a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use as disclosed herein, wherein consumption of the consumable product induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals, resulting in the mammal having at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood during and / or after physical activity, for example, resulting in the mammal having at least about 0.7 AF units / mL of blood, such as at least 1 AF unit / mL of blood.

[0108] The consumable products described herein may contain an amount of malted oats and / or their extract sufficient to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretory factors (protein AF) and / or their fragments in a subject after consumption. The specific amount of the consumable product may be adjusted depending on the mammal to which it is supplied or to which it is to be consumed. For example, the consumable product may contain an amount of malted oats and / or their extract sufficient to increase the amount of antisecretory proteins and / or their fragments in the subject's blood to at least 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or at least 0.5 AF units / mL blood, such as 1 AF unit / mL blood. Those skilled in the art can determine the amount using methods known in the art, such as the RTT method (as disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 4) and / or the antisecretory factor complex assay described in WO2015 / 181324, or by any other well-known method, but not limited to, HPLC-mass spectrometry, ELISA, Western blotting, concentration-measuring analysis, IP-MRM, etc.

[0109] Malting process The malting process described herein is a low-temperature malting process that enables the malting of oats, in one embodiment oats with the hull removed, in a process that is easily extendable to industrial use.

[0110] In the process, lots of oats are refined by sieving and using a gravity table so that the final 1000-grain weight exceeds 30 grams / 1000 grains. For example, the final 1000-grain weight may exceed 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 grams / 1000 grains.

[0111] In one embodiment, the selected lot of oats is dehulled by a hulling machine. In the disclosed process, the hulling machine is preferably a rotating disc with radial grooves, but those skilled in the art will understand that any commercially available hulling machine can be used, as long as it leaves hulled oats with a specified minimum germination capacity. Commercially available hulling machines can be selected from a non-limiting group including Buhler BSSA Stratopact HKE50HP Ex and Streckel & Schrader. The feed rate and disc speed are typically selected so that 30–70% of the grain is dehulled per pass.

[0112] The germination rate of oats has been tested and is greater than 95%, such as 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, or 95% or more in a petri dish, or at least 82%, such as at least 77, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, or 82% in H2O2.

[0113] The selected oat grains are immersed in cold water (w) for a total of 1 to 3 days, for example 1, 2, or 3 days or more, for 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26 hours, at temperatures of 5 to 12°C, 5 to 15, 12°C, 7 to 12°C, 12 to 15°C, 10 to 15°C, or 7 to 10°C, at temperatures of 5 to 15°C or 7 to 15°C, and optionally alternately placed under drying conditions (d). The moisture content of the grain is maintained between 30 and 50%, as specified herein, such as 30-35%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 35-40%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 40-45%, 40-50%, or 45-50%. The moisture content of the grain should not exceed 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50% during this process.

[0114] In this context, malting includes soaking, in which oats are partially or completely submerged in water. In addition or alternatively, soaking may include spraying with water.

[0115] After soaking, the oats are germinated for 7 to 9 days at 5 to 20°C, preferably at 7 to 12°C, 7 to 15°C, or 12 to 15°C, for example, at least 7, 8, or 9 days at a temperature not exceeding 12, 13, 14, 15, or 20°C, for example, at a temperature of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 20°C.

[0116] The heat generated is cooled by the cold air. Due to the possibility of an impermeable layer forming, only shallow beds are used, with a bed height of 0.5m or less, and a maximum bed height of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5m. Any movement of grain is carried out at a slow speed.

[0117] Germinated grains are initially dried at low temperatures not exceeding 35°C, such as 15-35°C, 20-35°C, 25-35°C, or 30-35°C. If the moisture content is less than 20% in the later stages of drying, the drying temperature can be raised to a maximum of 65°C, 65-70°C, or 65-80°C. The drying temperature should never exceed 80°C.

[0118] This malting method produces healthy malted oat products with high levels of enzyme activity. In one embodiment, healthy malted oat products with high levels of enzyme activity and hull removed are produced.

[0119] The process for malting oats has been found to affect the properties of the consumable product into which they are incorporated. Importantly, malting should be carried out at low temperatures, such as approximately 5°C to 20°C, and subsequent drying should be carried out at temperatures below 80°C. In this document, the expression "temperatures below 80°C" will be understood to mean temperatures equal to or below 80°C.

[0120] Therefore, malted oats: The process of malting oats at a temperature of approximately 5°C to 20°C, A step of drying the oats at a temperature of 80°C or lower. A consumable product as described herein is provided, obtained from a process including the above.

[0121] In another example, malted oats: The process of soaking oats in water at a temperature of approximately 5°C to 20°C, The process involves germination / growth at a temperature of approximately 5°C to 20°C, Depending on the circumstances, one of steps a to b is repeated, followed by The process of drying the oats at a temperature of 80°C or lower and A consumable product as described herein is provided, obtained from a process including the above.

[0122] Steps a. and / or b. described herein can be carried out independently at a temperature of about 8°C or about 13°C to about 15°C.

[0123] In one embodiment, the malted oats are produced by a malting process as described herein, wherein the soaking of oat grains in step b) is carried out at a temperature of 7°C to 15°C for 1 to 5 days.

[0124] Furthermore, malting may include soaking in water for at least one hour, in which the oats are partially or completely submerged in water. In addition or alternatively, soaking may include spraying water.

[0125] The oats described herein may be naked oats, oats with a hull, or oats from which the hull has been removed.

[0126] Food, feed, or supplements for food or feed Consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention may be in forms selected from the group consisting of foods, feeds, supplements to foods or feeds, drugs and nutritional supplements for human and / or animal consumption.

[0127] The consumable products described herein may be foods, feeds, food supplements, and / or nutritional supplements. Foods or feeds may be for human and / or animal consumption. Generally, foods are intended for human consumption, and feeds are intended for animal consumption. The consumable products described herein may be liquids, solids, and / or combinations thereof. For example, a liquid may be a beverage. In a further example, a consumable product may be an infusion liquid. If a food or feed is solid, it may be dry or semi-dry.

[0128] The foods described herein may be medical foods. In addition or alternatively, the foods described herein may be FSMPs, i.e., foods for special medical purposes. It will be found that FSMPs may be foods for individuals suffering from certain diseases, disorders and / or medical conditions, and / or for subjects whose nutritional requirements cannot be met with ordinary foods. In further examples, the foods described herein may be nutritional supplements. As used herein, nutritional supplements are foods or feeds that provide additional health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value in food or feed. Foods and / or food supplements for human consumption may be in liquid, solid, or combination thereof form. In one example, a food for human consumption may be in liquid form, i.e., a liquid food for humans.

[0129] A consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract for use according to the present invention may be a feed and / or feed supplement for domestic animals, such as a feed and / or feed supplement for equids.

[0130] The feeds described herein, but not limited to them, can be given to animals such as competition animals. Animal feeds may be in liquid, solid, or combination thereof. For example, animal feed may be in liquid form, i.e., liquid animal feed.

[0131] In certain cases, the feed described herein is for horses. In further cases, the feed described herein is for dogs.

[0132] In this context, the term “feed” is used to describe a nutritious substance given to an animal. Each species has a typical diet consisting of feed or feed ingredients that are cost-effective, nutritious, and palatable, and suited to the type of digestive tract it has. Animals such as pasture farm animals often have diets that are highly variable and suffer from naturally occurring nutritional deficiencies. The feeds disclosed herein can help improve or at least alleviate diseases, conditions, and / or symptoms caused by such deficiencies as well as stressful situations and / or environments.

[0133] The currently disclosed feeds may further include foliage feeds such as hay, encilage, and green chop, i.e., any feeds having a high cellulose content relative to other nutrients.

[0134] The feeds currently disclosed may further include cereals and other grains used as animal feed, as well as feed grains such as legumes. The aforementioned feed grains may include wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, peas, rapeseed, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and sorghum.

[0135] In further examples, the feed described herein may be provided in pellet form.

[0136] The feeds disclosed to date are feed supplements, i.e., the feed ingredients themselves, and may further include nutrients added to the basic diet, such as grass and / or foliage, to compensate for any deficiencies, such as minerals and aromatic compounds. Feed supplements typically include trace elements and macrofeeds, feed additives or supplements such as protein supplements, and / or trace feed components such as essential amino acids and vitamins.

[0137] The consumable product may be the feed and / or food supplement itself.

[0138] This disclosure primarily concerns the use of consumable products in the form of food or feed, but it also envisions that consumable products may be administered to subjects by means other than oral ingestion. For example, consumable products may be provided in forms suitable for topical, ocular, subcutaneous, and / or systemic administration.

[0139] The foods described herein may form part of functional foods. For example, functional foods may be muesli, bars, bread, biscuits, porridge, oatmeal, grains, flakes, pasta, omelets, and / or pancakes. In one example, a functional food is a beverage or a food intended to be drunk. Alternatively, a functional food may be a solid or semi-solid food product that is neither a beverage nor a food intended to be drunk.

[0140] Due to the presence of malted oats and / or malted oat extracts as described herein, consumable products such as foods and / or feeds have properties related to the induction of protein anti-secretory factors (protein AFs) and / or fragments thereof, such as anti-secretory properties, anti-diarrheal properties and / or anti-inflammatory properties.

[0141] mammal The consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention can be used to promote the recovery process of mammals during and / or after physical activity, where the mammals are humans and / or animals.

[0142] Mammals can be selected from recreational humans, athletes, athletic animals, and heavy laborers and / or animals such as employees or livestock with labor-intensive workloads.

[0143] Typically, the mammal is selected from the group consisting of equids, horses, donkeys, and dogs. In the currently preferred embodiment, the mammal is a horse.

[0144] In one embodiment, the mammal is a racehorse. In one embodiment, the mammal is a greyhound. In one embodiment, the mammal is an endurance horse. In one embodiment, the mammal is a human long-distance runner. In one embodiment, the mammal is a long-distance horse.

[0145] The feed described herein may be given to athletic animals or domestic animals.

[0146] motion The consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention can be used to promote the recovery process of mammals during and / or after physical activity, which is primarily aerobic or primarily anaerobic.

[0147] Aerobic exercise, sometimes known as "cardio," is exercise that requires the heart to pump oxygenated blood and deliver it to the working muscles. Aerobic exercise stimulates and increases heart rate and respiratory rate, allowing you to sustain it throughout the exercise session. In contrast, anaerobic ("without oxygen") exercise is an activity that quickly leaves you breathless, such as sprinting or lifting heavy objects.

[0148] In this context, aerobic exercise is primarily selected from a non-limited group including walking and trotting, some athletic performance disciplines, namely reining, show jumping, and cutting (which are mostly aerobic), sporadic short events of anaerobic exercise with longer periods of aerobic activity, Western pleasure, equestrianism, and horseback riding, cardio machines, sleight of hand, running, swimming, walking, hiking, aerobics classes, dance, cross-country skiing, and kickboxing. There are many other types.

[0149] Aerobic exercise can become anaerobic exercise if performed at too high an intensity level.

[0150] Jumping over a fence or pulling heavy objects are examples of highly anaerobic types of exercise for horses. Quarter horse and thoroughbred racing are primarily anaerobic. In this context, primarily anaerobic exercise is selected from an indefinite group that includes jumping, pulling, racing, weight training, and sprinting (running or cycling). Basically, any exercise consisting of short bursts of exertion and high intensity is anaerobic exercise.

[0151] Medical effects Due to the presence of malted oats and / or malted oat extracts as described herein, consumable products such as foods and / or feeds have properties related to the induction of protein anti-secretory factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof, such as anti-secretory, anti-diarrheal, and / or anti-inflammatory properties.

[0152] The consumable products described herein may be provided in pharmaceutical form. Thus, consumable products as described herein, such as functional food products and / or pharmaceutical products for use as medicines, are provided.

[0153] In one embodiment, a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract according to the present invention can be used to prevent, improve and / or treat hyperkalemia such as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) in horses.

[0154] The consumable products comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extracts for use according to the present invention may be in liquid, solid, or combination thereof form. The consumable products are typically intended for daily human and / or animal consumption.

[0155] The consumable product can typically be supplied to mammals at a dose of at least 1 g / kg body weight / day for at least two weeks.

[0156] The consumable products of the present invention typically regulate fluid balance in mammalian cells upon consumption. They also typically possess anti-secretory, anti-diarrheal, and / or anti-inflammatory properties.

[0157] In particular, the consumable products of the present invention regulate hematocrit levels and RBCs (red blood cells). Horses, in particular, have a large reserve of red blood cells in their spleen, which they utilize during periods of strenuous work. This clearly increases hematocrit levels during exercise. Dehydration and increased RBCs cause the blood to thicken, making it harder to pump and placing an extra burden on the heart and other muscles. Therefore, maintaining proper fluid balance and appropriate hematocrit levels is important, especially during excessive and / or prolonged endurance exercise. This is true for other mammals as well, although it has been most studied in horses.

[0158] The consumable product of the present invention, upon consumption, regulates fluid balance in mammalian cells, modulates hematocrit levels, and thus effectively mitigates the negative effects of athletic exercise, particularly on the heart and other muscles. As a result, consumption of the consumable product disclosed herein increases the cardiac output of mammals and raises the level of oxygen supply (oxygenation) in the blood during exercise and recovery.

[0159] For example, as documented in "Physiological Parameters of Endurance Horses Pre-Compared to Post-Race, Correlated with Performance: A Two Race Study from Scandinavia. Larson et al., 2013 ISRN Veterinary Science," changes in hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte fluid volume (EFV), and creatine kinase (CK) affect the recovery time of horses after physical activity. It is explicitly documented herein that horses with lower levels of these values ​​exhibit faster recovery.

[0160] The consumable products of the present invention effectively improve the aforementioned negative changes in hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte fluid volume fraction (EFV), and creatine kinase (CK), thereby increasing cardiac output and reducing the recovery time required after physical activity in other mammals, including horses and humans, including, but not limited to, the time for muscle recovery, such as the heart.

[0161] Therefore, the consumable product of the present invention improves some of the negative effects of athletic exercise, thus reducing and / or decreasing the need for recovery time between exercises, including muscle recovery time.

[0162] Faster muscle recovery after exercise, in turn, leads to the prevention of muscle damage caused by muscle strains and / or tears, and / or, including but not limited to, preventing, improving, and / or treating hyperkalemia such as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) in horses, and preventing paralysis during and / or after physical activity in mammals.

[0163] Hemoglobin (Hb) Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is measured as g / L and indicates the blood's ability to transport oxygen. Hb concentration changes not only due to altitude but also due to the intensity of exercise. Standard resting values ​​for horses vary between breeds and individuals, with values ​​of approximately 120–160 g / L being considered standard resting values. Therefore, in this experiment, we found that Hb levels rose to the average blood value of 133–139 g / L, which corresponds to a change of approximately 10%, such as 10, 15, or less than 20%, such as 10–15%, from the resting value.

[0164] Accordingly, a method is disclosed herein for stabilizing the hemoglobin (Hb) level of a mammal after consumption of a consumable product to an average value of 133–139 g / l or less than 139 g / l, such as a change of approximately 10%, such as 10, 15, or 20%, such as 10–15%, such as 10, 15, or 20%, such as 20% or less from the resting value, during and / or after physical activity, the method comprising administering to the mammal a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to ensure that the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of physical activity, for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of physical activity.

[0165] Red blood cell volume (hematocrit value) Hematocrit (Hct) level is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the volume of whole blood. The normal range of hematocrit differs between sexes; for example, it is approximately 45%–52% for human males and 37%–48% for human females. The normal range of hematocrit is approximately 32%–45% for horses, for example.

[0166] A method is also provided for stabilizing the hematocrit volume percentage of a mammal to a value of 37-38% or less during and / or after physical activity, comprising administering to the mammal a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to ensure that the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of the physical activity, for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of the physical activity.

[0167] Erythrocyte fluid volume fraction (EFV) The present invention consequently provides a method for stabilizing the erythrocyte fluid volume percentage (EFV) of a mammal during and / or after physical activity to a value of 3% or less above the resting value, and also discloses for the first time a method comprising administering to the mammal a consumable product containing malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to ensure that the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of the physical activity, for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of the physical activity.

[0168] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for increasing cardiac output, treating and / or preventing muscle injury caused by muscle contusions and / or tears in athletic mammals, preventing paralysis during and / or after physical activity, and / or reducing muscle recovery time after physical activity in mammals, the method comprising administering to the mammal a consumable product comprising malted oats and / or malted oat extract in an amount sufficient to have the mammal have at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood at the start of the physical activity for a period of at least two weeks prior to the start of the physical activity.

[0169] A method according to the present invention comprises providing a consumable product comprising hulled malted oats and / or an extract of said hulled malted oats, the said hulled malted oats being produced by a malting process disclosed herein.

[0170] The method according to the present invention includes providing a consumable product to animals, particularly equids such as horses, and / or mammals, which may be humans.

[0171] The method according to the present invention comprises administering a consumable product to a mammal, the consumable product being provided to the mammal in a dose of at least 1 g / kg / day. Typically, the mammal is administered the consumable product daily.

[0172] This disclosure is further described below by non-limiting embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0173] REFERENCES 1. Lange and Lonnroth, 2001 2. WO 97 / 08202; 3. WO 05 / 030246; 4. WO 2007 / 126364; 5. WO 2018 / 015379 6. WO 98 / 21978 7. WO 07 / 126363 8. SE 9000028-2 (Publication No. 466,331) 9. “A study of avenanthramides in oats for future applications” by Elene Karlberg, Uppsala University School of Engineering, published in June 2010 10. WO 2010 / 108277 11. WO 2015 / 179676 12. WO 2007 / 52153 13. US 4,581,847 14. WO 2007 / 117815 15. WO 2017 / 09004 16. WO 00 / 38535 17. WO 2015 / 181324 18. Food Chemistry 253 (2018) 93-100 19. Physiological Parameters of Endurance Horses Pre-Compared to Post-Race, Correlated with Performance: A Two Race Study from Scandinavia. Larson et al. 2013 ISRN Veterinary Science [Examples]

[0174] The effect of SPC PERFORMANCE (a consumable product according to the present invention) on post-exercise recovery, as determined by comparing blood levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, creatine kinase, phosphorus, protein, and creatinine.

[0175] method The effects of adding SPC PERFORMANCE to horse feed were investigated in two stables (2) containing Standardbred horses in training. In both stables, the horses were randomly divided into two groups. Stable 1 contained 12 control horses and 11 SPC PERFORMANCE horses. Stable 2 contained 9 control horses and 10 SPC PERFORMANCE horses.

[0176] The horses were fed SPC PERFORMANCE daily starting in July and continued for at least three months. SPC PERFORMANCE was given at a dose of 500g per horse per day, along with 1kg of pellet feed (Krafft Max Balance). Feeding methods varied between stables, but the feeding of SPC PERFORMANCE was consistent.

[0177] Blood samples were taken on day 0 before training, and again on days 1 and 3 after training. Samples were taken from all horses in July before the start of SPC PERFORMANCE feeding, and again in November. Samples were analyzed by a private laboratory.

[0178] The training schedule and procedures were the same in July and November.

[0179] Samples were analyzed for various parameters commonly used to assess the horse's condition. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were analyzed throughout the day, while creatine kinase, phosphorus, protein, and creatinine were analyzed only in samples from day 1 after training.

[0180] To compare the absolute changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin before and after training in both July and November, blood levels were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

[0181] In addition, results from the two stables were combined into a single (1) dataset, and the absolute changes in blood parameters were recalculated as percentage changes (%). Changes in diet, stable, and daily were analyzed using the Minitab16® GLM procedure to compare those of control horses and horses supplied with SPC PERFORMANCE. Not all parameters followed a normal distribution; in such cases, the necessary values ​​were transformed.

[0182] result Hemoglobin and hematocrit in stables 1 and 2 In July prior to the start of SPC PERFORMANCE feeding, all horses showed the same pattern of increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit after training, with a significant increase after training. There were no differences between groups on day 0, day 1, or day 3 prior to the start of SPC PERFORMANCE supply. There were absolute differences between the two stables.

[0183] In November, following three months of SPC PERFORMANCE consumption, the post-training increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit (EFV results not shown) were similar to the July pattern in the control group, and the increases were statistically significant (see Hb values ​​for stable 1 in Figure 1a). In the SPC PERFORMANCE group, there were no significant increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit (EFV results not shown) on day 1 or 3 after training. This was observed in both stables.

[0184] In Stable 2, hemoglobin levels were lower in the control group, but the increase in hemoglobin after training was significant, whereas there was no significant increase in the SPC PERFORMANCE group (Figure 1b). The lower degree of increase compared to Stable 1 was due to the greater variability in the results from Stable 2.

[0185] The results from both stables show the same positive effect of SPC PERFORMANCE on recovery, but variability makes it difficult to quantify the magnitude of the change. Therefore, we analyzed the change as the difference from the pre-training day 0 value in November.

[0186] Summary of results from stables 1 and 2 To represent the changes in relative terms, we combined the results from the two stables into a single dataset and analyzed the effect of SPC PERFORMANCE using a generalized linear model (GLM).

[0187] In the GLM, the factors of diet (control and SPC performance), day (day 1 and day 3), and stable (1 and 2) were included, as well as the interaction between diet and day.

[0188] For blood parameters other than hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (EFV), samples were only available from day 1 after training, and changes from day 0 before training could not be analyzed. For these blood parameters, the comparisons shown are between diets (control and SPC PERFORMANCE) and between stables.

[0189] The values ​​of some parameters did not follow a normal distribution and could not be analyzed. Creatinine kinase did not follow a normal distribution, but it could be analyzed after conversion to logarithmic values ​​(Ln).

[0190] Due to the large variations between horses and between stables, the model did not have very high accuracy.

[0191] The effect of the stable was significant in the model.

[0192] Figure 2a shows the mean blood values ​​of creatine kinase (CK) and phosphorus levels in horses from two stables.

[0193] Higher levels of CK are a possible sign of muscle injury, and the lower values ​​in the SPC PERFORMANCE group are evident (Figure 2a). The relatively small difference in diet (P=0.07) may be due to large variability between stables. CK typically peaks 6-12 tons after injury, but the values ​​are from samples taken 24 hours after training, so the higher levels in the control group are noteworthy.

[0194] Lower phosphorus levels are normal after training. There were no differences attributable to diet (Figure 2a), but the stables differed significantly, likely due to differences in training plans.

[0195] Protein values ​​refer to total protein (g / L). Higher values ​​for a control diet may indicate a lower fluid volume in the blood (Figure 2b). Creatinine (μmol / L) is normally excreted in the urine, and higher levels may indicate kidney-affecting conditions such as dehydration.

[0196] Despite differences between diets and stables, all values ​​were within the normal range and did not indicate any abnormal physiological conditions.

[0197] Although some parameters, such as AST, GT, and Mg, could not be statistically analyzed due to their non-normal distribution, their values ​​were within the normal range, and neither the control group nor the SPC PERFORMANCE group showed any liver or kidney problems.

[0198] Figure 3 shows the mean changes in blood values ​​(Hb and EFV), calculated as the difference between day 0, day 1, and day 3 values ​​in horses fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with SPC PERFORMANCE in two different stables.

[0199] While significant differences in Hb levels were observed between stables, a statistically significant difference in absolute hemoglobin levels (P=0.0002) was found between day 1 and day 3 in the combined dataset when each stable was analyzed individually. Absolute hematocrit (EFV) values ​​differed between diets and stables, with lower values ​​observed in SPC PERFORMANCE and stable 2.

[0200] In the combined dataset, the SPC PERFORMANCE group did not show an increase in Hb levels exceeding 2 g / L or 2% compared to day 0 (Figure 3). This was significantly different from the control group, where the increase exceeded 10 g / L and 8% compared to day 0.

[0201] In the combined dataset, EFV decreased in the SPC PERFORMANCE group, and the SPC PERFORMANCE group differed significantly from the control group, where EFV increased by more than 3 percent units or more than 5% compared to day 0 (Figure 3).

[0202] As expected, there was a significant difference in Hb levels between day 1 and day 3.

[0203] There were significant differences between stables in the change of the absolute value of EFV.

[0204] conclusion Inclusion of SPC PERFORMANCE in the diet resulted in significantly lower changes in both Hb and EFV compared to the control group, indicating that SPC PERFORMANCE can aid in recovery.

[0205] Compared to the control group, SPC Performance has a significant effect on the absolute value of EFV, and lower EFV values ​​indicate a better recovery rate from rigorous training with SPC Performance, further enhancing the indications of the benefits of SPC Performance in recovery.

[0206] SPC PERFORMANCE limits the change in Hb to an increase of 10-20% or less compared to day 0 before training, and the change in EFV to an increase of less than 3%.

[0207] Lower creatine kinase levels in the SPC PERFORMANCE diet indicate better muscle condition compared to the control diet, but there is no information regarding changes over time.

Claims

1. It contains a sufficient amount of hulled malted oats and / or hulled malted oat extract to induce endogenous production of protein antisecretion factors (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in mammals after consumption, a. To stabilize the average hemoglobin (Hb) level of mammals at 133–139 g / L during and / or after physical activity. b. Stabilize the erythrocyte fluid volume percentage (EFV) of mammals during and / or after physical activity to a value of 3% or less above the resting value, and / or c. Stabilizing the creatine kinase levels of the aforementioned mammals at a low level. A consumable product for use in, The hulled malted oats contain at least 100% higher concentrations of avenanthramide D compared to the corresponding hulled, non-malted oats. The aforementioned consumable product.

2. The consumable product according to claim 1, wherein the average hemoglobin level of mammals after consumption of the consumable product stabilizes at an increase of approximately 10-20% or less during and / or after physical activity.

3. The consumable product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the use stabilizes the erythrocyte fluid volume percentage (EFV) of mammals during and / or after physical activity to a value of 37-38%.

4. The use described above stabilizes the creatine kinase level of a mammal to a value 1% or less lower than the resting value, as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The consumable product according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the use reduces the muscle recovery time after physical activity in the mammal, improves and / or prevents muscle damage caused by muscle strains and / or ruptures, and / or prevents paralysis during and / or after physical activity in the mammal.

6. The consumable product according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the use induces endogenous production of protein antisecretory factor (protein AF) and / or fragments thereof in a mammal, as a result the mammal has at least 0.5 AF units / mL of blood during and / or after physical activity.

7. A consumable product according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is a food or feed and / or supplement for food or feed for human and / or animal consumption.

8. A consumable product according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is a medicine and / or a nutritional supplement.

9. The consumable product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mammal is a human and / or an animal.

10. The consumable product according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of equids, horses, donkeys, and dogs.

Images