CONTROL DEVICE, CONTROL METHOD, CONTROL PROGRAM, AND DISTRIBUTED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Abstract

A control device is provided that can prevent the output power of a distributed power source from exceeding an output limit when the distributed power source exerts primary control capability agreed upon in the power market. The control device (10) controls a distributed power source (20) that supplies primary control capability for suppressing fluctuations in the system frequency of the power system by increasing or decreasing output power to the power system, and includes: a command value determination unit (102) that determines the output power of the distributed power source (20) at the reference frequency of the power system as a command value based on the primary control capability agreed upon in the power market and at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of power that the distributed power source can output; a drooping characteristic determination unit (103) that determines a drooping characteristic that increases the output power in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency based on the output power based on the command value; and an output unit (104) that outputs the command value and the drooping characteristic to the distributed power source (20).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a control device for controlling distributed power sources, a control method, a control program, and a distributed power source system including the distributed power sources. [Background technology]

[0002] One method of supplying primary control reserve to suppress frequency fluctuations in a power system is to give the inverter that connects the distributed power source to the power system a drooping characteristic that increases the output power in response to a drop in the system frequency and decreases the output power in response to an increase in the system frequency. For example, a distributed power source that uses a storage battery has a limit to the amount of power it can supply, so control is performed based on the SoC (State of Charge), for example.

[0003] For example, the control device in Patent Document 1 adjusts the drooping characteristics according to the power storage state of a power storage device including a storage battery, thereby adjusting the output power of a power output device that converts the power stored in the power storage device into AC power and outputs it to a power grid, thereby preventing failure of the power storage device. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2022-173860 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, conventional control devices did not take into account the fact that primary control reserve is traded in the electricity market, and the amount of primary control reserve agreed upon through such trading. Therefore, when a distributed power source increases or decreases its output based on the drooping characteristics determined by the control device in order to exert the agreed amount of primary control reserve, the output may exceed an output limit, such as a rated value, which may lead to a protective shutdown of the equipment.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a control device, a control method, a control program, and a distributed power source system that can prevent the output power of a distributed power source from exceeding the output limit when the distributed power source exerts the primary control power agreed upon in the electricity market by determining a command value for the output power of a distributed power source taking into account the contracted amount of primary control capacity and determining the drooping characteristics of the distributed power source based on the command value. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A control device according to the present disclosure is a control device for controlling a distributed power source that supplies a primary control capacity that increases or decreases an output power to a power grid to suppress fluctuations in the system frequency of the power grid, and includes a command value determination unit that determines an output power of the distributed power source at a reference frequency of the power grid as a command value based on the primary control capacity agreed upon in the power market and at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of power that the distributed power source can output, a drooping characteristic determination unit that determines a drooping characteristic that increases the output power of the distributed power source in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power of the distributed power source in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency, based on the output power based on the command value determined by the command value determination unit, and an output unit that outputs the command value determined by the command value determination unit and the drooping characteristic determined by the drooping characteristic determination unit to the distributed power source. A distributed power source system according to the present disclosure includes the above control device and a distributed power source that changes its output power based on the command value output by the control device.

[0008] A control method according to the present disclosure is a control method for controlling a distributed power source that supplies a primary control capacity that suppresses fluctuations in the system frequency of the power system by increasing or decreasing an output power to the power system, and includes the steps of: determining an output power of the distributed power source at a reference frequency of the power system as a command value based on the primary control capacity agreed upon in the electricity market and at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of power that the distributed power source can output; determining a drooping characteristic of the distributed power source that increases the output power of the distributed power source in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power of the distributed power source in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency based on the output power based on the command value; and outputting the command value and the drooping characteristic to the distributed power source. Also, a control program according to the present disclosure causes a computer to execute each of the above steps. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a control device, a control method, a control program, and a distributed power source system that can prevent the output power of a distributed power source from exceeding the output limit when the distributed power source exerts the primary adjustment capacity agreed upon in the electricity market. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a power system according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a control device according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a computer system that realizes a control device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] A flowchart showing a process for determining a command value by a command value determination unit according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a setting range of a command value determined by a command value determination unit in the first embodiment. [Figure 7] 1 is a flowchart showing a process in which a drooping characteristic determination unit in the first embodiment determines a drooping characteristic. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a drooping characteristic determined by a drooping characteristic determining unit in the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a process in which a drooping characteristic determination unit in the first modification of the first embodiment sets at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value for the drooping characteristic. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a process in which a drooping characteristic determination unit determines a drooping characteristic in the second modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a process in which a drooping characteristic determination unit determines a drooping characteristic in a third modification of the first embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] First embodiment A control device 10, a distributed power source 20, and a distributed power system 200 including these in the first embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power system 30 in the first embodiment. The power system 30 has the distributed power sources 20 whose output is controlled by the control device 10, and loads 34 which are facilities that consume power, and these are connected by a power transmission and distribution network 31. In addition, the power system 30 is linked to a power system 30a different from the power system 30 via, for example, a circuit breaker (not shown) or a system transformer (not shown), and power can be exchanged between the power system 30 and the power system 30a. Hereinafter, the control device 10 and the distributed power sources 20 will be collectively referred to as the distributed power system 200.

[0012] The distributed power source 20 has a power conversion device 22 and a storage battery 23. The power conversion device 22 is an inverter device capable of mutual conversion between AC and DC, converting DC power output by the storage battery 23 to the power transmission and distribution network 31 into AC power when the storage battery 23 discharges, and converting AC power received by the storage battery 23 from the power transmission and distribution network 31 into DC power when the storage battery 23 charges. Moreover, the power conversion device 22 changes the output power based on an fP drooping characteristic (hereinafter simply referred to as drooping characteristic) that increases the output power when the voltage frequency (hereinafter referred to as system frequency) of the power system 30 drops, and decreases the output power when the system frequency increases. This allows the distributed power source 20 to provide a primary regulation capability that is the regulation capability of the power system 30 that suppresses fluctuations in the system frequency and corresponds to governor-free control that keeps the rotation speed of a synchronous generator constant. Hereinafter, the amount of fluctuation of the system frequency from the reference value will be referred to as a frequency deviation.

[0013] The power conversion device 22 is connected to the control device 10 by a signal line such as a coaxial cable. The power conversion device 22 also has a communication device (not shown) and receives a control command including information indicating the drooping characteristic output from the control device 10 via the communication device. The power conversion device 22 changes the output based on the received control command. The power conversion device 22 also has a sensor (not shown) that measures the voltage of the power system 30. The system frequency of the power system 30 can be calculated from the voltage measured by the sensor.

[0014] The control device 10 that controls the output of the power conversion device 22 is further connected to an energy management device 32 via a signal line such as a LAN (Local Area Network) cable or wireless communication. The energy management device 32 is a device that manages the supply and demand of power in the power system 30, such as a Community Energy Management System (CEMS), an Aria Energy Management System (AEMS), or a Building and Energy Management System (BEMS). Specifically, the energy management device 32 creates a power supply and demand plan for each time period, for example, divided into 30-minute intervals, based on the results of forecasting power demand in the power system 30, and determines, for each time period, the total output power (hereinafter referred to as required output) that the multiple distributed power sources 20 should output, based on the created supply and demand plan. Furthermore, the energy management device 32 transmits information indicating the required output for each determined time period to the control device 10 in association with information indicating the target time period. Here, the output power indicates active power, and the same applies to the output power described below.

[0015] Furthermore, the energy management device 32 trades in a supply and demand adjustment market 33, for example, power that functions as adjustment power for controlling the system frequency and adjusting the balance between supply and demand, among the power supplied by the distributed power sources 20 controlled by the control device 10. The energy management device 32 is connected to a server of EPRX (Electric Power Reserve eXchange), which operates the supply and demand adjustment market 33, via a network. Here, the supply and demand adjustment market 33 is one of the markets (hereinafter referred to as the electricity market) in which transactions related to electricity are conducted. The adjustment power traded in the supply and demand adjustment market 33 is classified into a plurality of types based on the function performed by the adjustment power.

[0016] The energy management device 32 transmits information indicating the power related to primary control power (hereinafter referred to as the contracted amount of primary control power), which corresponds to governor-free control in a synchronous generator and suppresses fluctuations in system frequency, among the power related to control power agreed upon in transactions in the supply and demand adjustment market 33, to the control device 10 in association with information indicating the distributed power source 20 for which the agreement is made and information indicating the time period for which the agreement is made. Here, the primary control capacity is further divided into two types: the primary control capacity exerted by increasing the output power (hereinafter referred to as "upward adjustment") and the primary control capacity exerted by decreasing the output power (hereinafter referred to as "downward adjustment"). For this reason, the energy management device 32 transmits information indicating the contracted amount of the primary control capacity for at least either the upward adjustment or the downward adjustment to the control device 10 in association with information indicating the target distributed power source 20 for which the contract has been made and information indicating the target time period for which the contract has been made.

[0017] The control device 10 receives information indicating the required output and information indicating the contracted amount of primary control capacity from the energy management device 32, and based on this information controls the output power of the power conversion devices 22 of the distributed power sources 20 so that the multiple distributed power sources 20 exert the amount of primary control capacity contracted in the supply and demand adjustment market 33. In other words, the control device 10 controls the distributed power sources 20 that supply primary control capacity that suppresses fluctuations in the system frequency by increasing or decreasing the output power to the power system 30.

[0018] Next, the functional configuration and hardware configuration of the control device 10 will be described with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control device 10, and Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a computer system that realizes the control device 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the control device 10 includes an acquisition unit 101 that acquires information from the energy management device 32, a memory unit 111 that stores various types of information, a command value determination unit 102 that determines a command value related to the output power of the distributed power source 20 (hereinafter simply referred to as the command value), a drooping characteristic determination unit 103 that determines a drooping characteristic that changes the output power of the distributed power source 20 in accordance with the system frequency, and an output unit 104 that outputs the command value and the drooping characteristic to the distributed power source 20 as a control command.

[0019] The control device 10 is realized by executing a program (hereinafter, referred to as a control program) in which the processing to be performed by the control device 10 is described in a computer system whose configuration example is shown in Fig. 3. This computer system includes an arithmetic unit 301, a storage device 302, a communication device 303, and a device controller 304, which are connected via a system bus 311. Here, Fig. 3 is an example, and the configuration of the computer system that realizes the control device 10 is not limited to the example of Fig. 3.

[0020] Here, the arithmetic device 301 is a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and executes a control program. The storage device 302 includes various memories such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a storage device such as a hard disk, and stores the control program executed by the arithmetic device 301 and necessary data obtained in the process of processing, and is used as a temporary storage area for the program. The communication device 303 is a receiver and a transmitter that executes communication processing. The device controller 304 acquires operation signals from an input device (not shown) related to input of various setting values, and transmits them to the control program executed by the arithmetic device 301.

[0021] Among the functional components of the control device 10 shown in Fig. 2, the storage unit 111 is realized by the storage device 302 in Fig. 3. Moreover, the process of the acquisition unit 101 in Fig. 2 acquiring information from, for example, the energy management device 32, the process of storing the acquired information in the storage unit 111, the process of the command value determination unit 102 determining a command value, the process of the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determining a drooping characteristic, and the process of the output unit 104 outputting a command value and a drooping characteristic to the power conversion device 22 are realized by a control program executed by the arithmetic device 301 in Fig. 3. Moreover, the communication operation of the acquisition unit 101 shown in Fig. 2 acquiring information from, for example, the energy management device 32, and the communication operation of the output unit 104 outputting a command value or a drooping characteristic to the power conversion device 22 are realized by the communication device 303 in Fig. 3.

[0022] Next, each functional configuration of the control device 10 will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control device 10 in the first embodiment. Here, a series of operations from steps S01 to S04 shown in Fig. 4 is performed for each target time zone for which primary control capacity is contracted.

[0023] 4, the acquisition unit 101 acquires information indicating the required output and information indicating the contract amount of primary control capacity from the energy management device 32, and stores them in the storage unit 111. The acquisition unit 101 acquires information indicating the required output in a state in which it is associated with information indicating a target time zone, and information indicating the contract amount of primary control capacity in a state in which it is associated with information indicating the target distributed power source 20 and information indicating the target time zone, and stores them in the storage unit 111. Here, the information indicating the contract amount of the primary control capacity acquired by the acquisition unit 101 is, in detail, information indicating at least one of the contract amount related to upward adjustment and the contract amount related to downward adjustment. Also, the acquisition unit 101 acquires information from the energy management device 32 periodically, for example, at 3 p.m. every Tuesday, but the timing and time interval for acquiring the information are not limited to this example.

[0024] The storage unit 111 stores various constants required for controlling the dispersed power sources 20, in addition to the information indicating the required output and the information indicating the contracted amount of the primary control capacity acquired by the acquisition unit 101.

[0025] In detail, the storage unit 111 stores the maximum value of power (hereinafter referred to as maximum output) and the minimum value of power (hereinafter referred to as minimum output) that can be output by the power conversion device 22 of each distributed power source 20. Here, the maximum output and the minimum output may be the output power (hereinafter referred to as rated power) determined as the rated value of the power conversion device 22, or may be a limit value set separately from the rated power in consideration of the state of the storage battery 23, such as the degree of deterioration. Furthermore, the storage unit 111 stores a reference value of the system frequency of the power system 30 (hereinafter, referred to as the reference frequency) and a speed adjustment rate that is determined, for example, by the trading regulations of the supply and demand adjustment market 33 and that the distributed power source 20 that supplies the primary adjustment capacity must comply with. Here, the reference frequency is, for example, a system frequency determined in Japan as 50 Hz in the eastern Japan region and 60 Hz in the western Japan region. The speed adjustment rate is a value (unit: %) indicating the relationship between the ratio of the frequency deviation with respect to the reference frequency and the ratio of the output power that the distributed power source 20 should change with respect to the rated power. As an example, in an example in which the speed adjustment rate is determined to be 5%, the distributed power source 20 is required to change the output power at a rate of change such that the output power is changed to 100% of the rated power when a frequency deviation of 5% occurs with respect to the reference frequency. However, it is not necessary to change the output more than the contract amount of the primary adjustment capacity related to the upward or downward adjustment.

[0026] These constants stored in the storage unit 111 may be input by an input device (not shown), such as a keyboard, via the device controller 304, or may be acquired from the power conversion device 22 via the communication device 303, for example.

[0027] In step S02 in FIG. 4, the command value determination unit 102 determines the power that the distributed power source 20 should output when the system frequency matches the reference frequency as a command value, and outputs the command value to the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 and the output unit 104. Hereinafter, the process of determining the command value by the command value determination unit 102 will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. Fig. 5 shows a process of determining the command value P ref(n) 6 is a flowchart showing a process for determining a command value P (unit: kW) for the n-th distributed power source 20 determined by the command value determination unit 102. ref(n) The horizontal axis shows the frequency deviation Δf (unit: Hz), and the vertical axis shows the output power P out(n) (unit is kW) on the two-dimensional coordinate system, the command value P ref(n)In FIG. 6, two points α1 and α2 are drawn on the same coordinate plane as examples of the point α. Here, the command value P ref(n) is the output power P of the distributed power source 20 at the reference frequency (i.e., frequency deviation Δf=0). out(n) Therefore, the horizontal axis coordinate of point α in FIG. 6 is always 0. Therefore, the coordinate of point α is always (0,P ref(n) )

[0028] In step S11 of FIG. 5, the command value determination unit 102 determines the command value P ref(n) The information required for the process of determining the above is read from the storage unit 111. In detail, the command value determination unit 102 determines the required output P total Furthermore, the command value determination unit 102 reads out the contract amount ΔP inc (Unit: kW) and contract amount ΔP for downward adjustment dec Furthermore, the command value determination unit 102 reads out the maximum output P max (unit: kW) and minimum output P min (Unit is kW) is read out. Here, in FIG. 6, ΔP inc(n) is the contract amount for the increase adjustment of the n-th distributed power source 20, ΔP dec(n) is the contract amount for the downward adjustment of the n-th distributed power source 20, P max(n) is the maximum output of the nth distributed power source 20, P min(n) represents the minimum output of the n-th distributed power source 20. In addition, when the primary control capability for upward adjustment is not agreed upon for each distributed power source 20, the agreement amount ΔP inc(n) Similarly, when the primary control capacity for downward adjustment is not agreed upon for each distributed power source 20, the readout of the agreement amount ΔP dec(n) The reading of may be omitted.

[0029] In step S12 of FIG. 5, the command value determination unit 102 determines the maximum output P max(n) and minimum output P min(n) Based on at least one of the above, the command value P ref(n)Determine the setting range. In detail, when the primary control capacity is agreed upon for the upward adjustment, the command value determination unit 102 determines the command value P ref(n) If the primary control reserve is agreed upon for downward adjustment, the command value P is set to satisfy formula (1-1b). ref(n) In other words, when the primary control capacity is agreed upon for both the upward adjustment and the downward adjustment, the command value determination unit 102 determines the setting range of the command value P so as to satisfy both the formula (1-1a) and the formula (1-1b). ref(n) Determine the setting range. Here, ≧ and ≦ in formula (1-1a) and formula (1-1b) may be changed to > and <, respectively.

[0030]

number

[0031] In step S13 of FIG. 5, the command value determination unit 102 determines the required output P total and the command value P for each distributed power source 20 ref(n) Based on the setting range of each distributed power source 20, the command value P ref(n) Determine. In detail, the command value determination unit 102 determines a command value P ref(n) The required output P is set to satisfy the setting range of and equation (1-2). total The command value P ref(n) This determines the coordinates of point α in FIG. In the formula (1-2), N is the number of distributed power sources 20. Furthermore, the required output P total The method of distributing the command value P shown in at least one of the formulas (1-1a) and (1-1b) is not limited in any way. ref(n) Alternatively, for example, a weighting coefficient may be introduced to change the distribution ratio for each distributed power source 20.

[0032]

number

[0033] Returning to FIG. 4, in step S03, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the command value P ref(n) The drooping characteristic for changing the output power of the distributed power source 20 is determined based on the result and output to the output unit 104. Hereinafter, the process by which the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the drooping characteristic will be described in detail with reference to Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing the process by which the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the drooping characteristic, and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the drooping characteristic determined by the drooping characteristic determination unit 103. Here, Fig. 8 shows the speed adjustment rate Δf reg In accordance with the definition of f, the units of the horizontal and vertical axes have been changed from those in FIG. 6. Specifically, the horizontal axis is the reference frequency f ref The ratio of frequency deviation Δf to the reference frequency f (unit: %) is shown. ref By multiplying the unit, it can be converted to the same unit as in Figure 6. The vertical axis coordinate is the maximum output P max(n) Output power P of distributed power source 20 out(n) The ratio of the maximum output P max(n) By multiplying by P, it can be converted to the same unit as in Figure 6. ref-%(n) is the maximum output P max(n) The command value P ref(n) is the ratio.

[0034] 7, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 reads out information necessary for processing to determine the drooping characteristic from the storage unit 111. In detail, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 reads out the speed adjustment rate Δf reg is read out from the storage unit 111.

[0035] In step S22 of FIG. 7, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the speed adjustment rate Δf reg Based on this, point β in FIG. 8 is determined. In detail, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 determines whether the horizontal axis coordinate is −Δf reg, the vertical axis coordinate is P ref-%(n) The point that is +100 is determined as point β.

[0036] In step S23 of FIG. 7, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines a straight line 501 passing through the points α and β as the drooping characteristic, and outputs the determined drooping characteristic to the output unit 104.

[0037] Returning to FIG. 4, in step S04, the output unit 104 outputs the command value P ref(n) The drooping characteristic determination unit 103 outputs the drooping characteristic to the power conversion device 22 of the distributed power source 20. The power conversion device 22 receives the command value P ref(n) and varying the output power based on the droop characteristic.

[0038] In this manner, the command value determination unit 102 determines the output power of the distributed power source 20 at the reference frequency of the power system 30 as a command value based on the primary adjustment capacity agreed upon in the power market and at least one of the maximum and minimum values ​​of power that the distributed power source 20 can output, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines a drooping characteristic that increases the output power of the distributed power source 20 in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power of the distributed power source 20 in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency, based on the command value, and the output unit 104 outputs the command value and the drooping characteristic to the distributed power source 20. As a result, it is possible to provide a control device 10 that can prevent the output power of the distributed power source 20 from exceeding the maximum output and the minimum output when the distributed power source 20 exerts the primary adjustment capacity agreed upon in the power market.

[0039] In the first embodiment, an example in which the power system 30 and the distributed power system 200 have a plurality of distributed power sources 20 is shown in Fig. 1, but the present invention is not limited to this example and there may be only one distributed power source 20. Also, an example in which the power system 30 has one load 34 is shown in Fig. 1, but the present invention is not limited to this example and there may be multiple loads 34.

[0040] In the first embodiment, the storage battery 23 is used as the distributed power source 20. However, the storage battery 23 is not limited to a battery capable of both charging and discharging, and may include a battery capable of only discharging. out(n) may be a negative value, and the storage battery 23 may include a battery that is only capable of being charged. In addition, the distributed power source 20 is not limited to the storage battery 23, and may be a device that changes the output power P out(n) Any power supply facility capable of controlling the change of the power supply voltage may be used, and for example, a solar power generation facility or a wind power generation facility may be used.

[0041] In the first embodiment, the power conversion device 22 of the distributed power source 20 has a sensor that measures voltage, and the system frequency is calculated from the voltage measured by the sensor, but the method of measuring the system frequency is not limited to this example, and for example, a transducer may be connected to the power system 30 and the system frequency may be measured by the transducer. In this case, the power conversion device 22 may be connected to the transducer by a signal line such as a coaxial cable.

[0042] In the first embodiment, the distributed power source 20 is an inverter device capable of converting AC and DC mutually and has the power conversion device 22 that changes the output power based on the drooping characteristic. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the power source (the storage battery 23 in the first embodiment) may have the function of the power conversion device 22. In this case, the distributed power source 20 does not need to have the power conversion device 22.

[0043] In addition, in embodiment 1, an example was shown in which the energy management device 32 is connected to EPRX and trades adjustment power in the supply and demand adjustment market 33 operated by EPRX, but the market in which adjustment power is traded is not limited to the supply and demand adjustment market 33 and may be another electricity market.

[0044] In addition, in the first embodiment, an example has been shown in which the energy management device 32 is connected to EPRX, but this is not limited to the example, and the energy management device 32 may be connected to, for example, JEPX (Japan Electric Power eXchange), which operates a spot market in which the amount of electricity to be supplied the next day is traded, OCCTO (Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators), which manages the supply and demand of electricity among electric power companies and instructs the interchange of electricity between electric power companies, general electricity transmission and distribution companies, and retail electricity companies.

[0045] In the first embodiment, the control device 10 and the energy management device 32 are provided separately. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, the control device 10 may be configured as a part of the energy management device 32.

[0046] In addition, in embodiment 1, an example is shown in which the control device 10 is connected to the distributed power source 20 and the energy management device 32 via a signal line, but this is not limited to this example, and the control device 10 may be connected via wireless communication, or via the Internet or an intranet.

[0047] In the first embodiment, the control device 10 is realized by a computer system, an example of which is shown in Fig. 3, but the present invention is not limited to this example, and the control device 10 may be realized by a plurality of computer systems or a cloud system. This allows a suitable hardware configuration to be appropriately selected depending on the calculation load, such as the number of distributed power sources 20 to be controlled.

[0048] In the first embodiment, the acquiring unit 101 of the control device 10 periodically acquires information from the energy management device 32, but the example is not limited to this, and the acquiring unit 101 may acquire information when receiving a command to acquire information. Specifically, the acquiring unit 101 may acquire information from the energy management device 32 when a command to acquire information is input from an input device via the device controller 304.

[0049] In the first embodiment, the command value determination unit 102 of the control device 10 determines the command value P ref(n) 6 shows an example in which the command value P is determined as a positive value, but the example is not limited to this. ref(n) may be determined as a negative value. This makes it possible to control not only the amount of power generated or discharged by the distributed power source 20, but also the amount of power consumed or charged by the distributed power source 20.

[0050] In the first embodiment, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 of the control device 10 determines whether the horizontal axis coordinate is −Δf reg , the vertical axis coordinate is P ref-%(n) Although an example in which a point where the horizontal axis coordinate is +100 is determined as point β has been shown, the present invention is not limited to this example. As shown in FIG. 8B, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 may determine a point where the horizontal axis coordinate is Δf reg , the vertical axis coordinate is P ref-%(n) The point that is -100 may be determined as point β.

[0051] In the first embodiment, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 of the control device 10 determines the speed adjustment rate Δf reg However, the method of determining the horizontal axis coordinate of the point β in FIG. 8 is not limited to this example. For example, the speed adjustment rate Δf reg When the speed adjustment rate Δf is determined as a range of values, the horizontal axis coordinate of the point β may be arbitrarily determined within the range. regis set to 5% or less, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 may set the horizontal axis coordinate of point β in FIG. 8(A) to, for example, −4% (for example, −2 Hz when the reference frequency is 50 Hz), and similarly, may set the horizontal axis coordinate of point β in FIG. 8(B) to 4%.

[0052] In the first embodiment, the distributed power source 20 is controlled by the command value P ref(n) The example in which the output power is changed based on the drooping characteristic is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, the speed adjustment rate Δf reg The dispersed power source 20 is set in advance to have a drooping characteristic that satisfies the command value P ref(n) Only the command value P ref(n) The output power may be varied based on the

[0053] Variation 1 of the First Embodiment A first modification of the first embodiment will be described. In this modification, the configuration of the control device 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In the control device 10 of this modification, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 determines the drooping characteristic based on the output power P out(n) This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that at least one of an upper limit and a lower limit is set for .

[0054] In this modification, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the drooping characteristic in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the output power P out(n) At least one of an upper limit and a lower limit is set for Hereinafter, the process of setting an upper limit value and a lower limit value for the drooping characteristic by the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 of this modified example will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the process of setting at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value for the drooping characteristic by the drooping characteristic determination unit 103.

[0055] When the primary control capability for upward adjustment is agreed upon, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the command value P ref(n)Adjustment for contract amount ΔP inc(n) The value obtained by adding the above is set as upper limit value 521 in the drooping characteristic. In addition, when the primary control capability for downward adjustment is agreed upon, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the command value P ref(n) Contract amount ΔP for downward adjustment dec(n) The value obtained by subtracting this is set as lower limit value 522 for the drooping characteristic. In addition, when the primary control reserve is agreed upon for both the upward and downward adjustments, as shown in FIG. 9(C), the command value P ref(n) Adjustment for contract amount ΔP inc(n) The upper limit value 521 obtained by adding the above and the command value P ref(n) Contract amount ΔP for downward adjustment dec(n) The lower limit value 522 obtained by subtracting this value is set in the drooping characteristic.

[0056] The control device 10 configured in this manner can also provide a control device 10 that can prevent the output power of the distributed power source 20 from exceeding the maximum output and the minimum output when the distributed power source 20 exerts the primary control capability agreed upon in the electricity market. out(n) Since at least one of the upper limit value 521 and the lower limit value 522 regarding the primary control capacity is configured to have a drooping characteristic, it is possible to prevent the distributed power source 20 from supplying a primary control capacity that is greater than the contracted capacity.

[0057] Modification 2 of the First Embodiment Modification 2 of the first embodiment will be described. In this modification, the configuration of the control device 10 is similar to that of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2. In the control device 10 of this modification, the method of determining the drooping characteristic in the drooping characteristic determining section 103 is different from that of the first embodiment and modification 1 of the first embodiment.

[0058] In this modification, the storage unit 111 stores a lower limit value or an upper limit value of fluctuation of the system frequency determined, for example, by the operation regulations of the power system 30. The information stored in the storage unit 111 may be input by an input device (not shown), such as a keyboard, via the device controller 304, or may be acquired, for example, from the energy management device 32 via the communication device 303.

[0059] In this modification, the drooping characteristic determiner 103 determines the drooping characteristic based on the fluctuation lower limit value or the fluctuation upper limit value of the system frequency. Hereinafter, a process in which the drooping characteristic determiner 103 of this modified example determines the drooping characteristic based on the fluctuation lower limit value or the fluctuation upper limit value of the system frequency will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 10. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a process in which the drooping characteristic determiner 103 of this modified example determines the drooping characteristic when the primary control capacity is agreed for either the upward adjustment or the downward adjustment.

[0060] When the primary control capability for upward adjustment is agreed upon, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the fluctuation lower limit value Δf of the system frequency. min is read from the storage unit 111, and if the primary control capability for downward adjustment is agreed upon, the upper limit value Δf of the fluctuation of the system frequency is read. max is read from the storage unit 111.

[0061] Next, when the primary control capability for upward adjustment is agreed upon, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines whether the horizontal axis coordinate is the fluctuation lower limit value Δf of the system frequency, as shown in FIG. 10(A). min , the vertical axis coordinate is the command value P ref(n) Adjustment for contract amount ΔP inc(n) On the other hand, when the primary control capability for downward adjustment is agreed upon, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the point γ as the point γ, where the horizontal axis coordinate is the upper limit value Δf of the system frequency fluctuation, as shown in FIG. max , the vertical axis coordinate is the command value P ref(n) Contract amount ΔP for downward adjustment dec(n) The point obtained by subtracting Furthermore, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 determines a straight line 531 passing through the points α and γ as the drooping characteristic.

[0062] The control device 10 configured in this manner can also provide a control device 10 that can prevent the output power of the distributed power source 20 from exceeding the maximum output and the minimum output when the distributed power source 20 exerts the primary control capability agreed upon in the electricity market. min In the case of distributed power sources 20, the contract amount ΔP inc(n) and the upper limit of system frequency fluctuation Δf max In the case of distributed power sources 20, the contract amount ΔP dec(n) Since the system is configured to determine the drooping characteristic such that the above-mentioned effect is exhibited, it is possible to prevent the distributed power source 20 from supplying a primary control capacity that is greater than the contracted amount.

[0063] In the second modification of the first embodiment, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the straight line passing through the points α and γ as the drooping characteristic, but the method of determining the drooping characteristic is not limited to this example. For example, in order to determine the drooping characteristic so as to satisfy the requirement of the speed adjustment ratio, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 may draw the straight line 501 passing through the points α and β in the same manner as in the first embodiment, in addition to the straight line 531 passing through the points α and γ, and determine the straight line with the larger slope between the straight lines 531 and 501 as the drooping characteristic. In this case, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 may set at least one of the upper limit value 521 and the lower limit value 522 of the output power as the drooping characteristic, in the same manner as in the first modification of the first embodiment. This makes it possible to prevent the distributed power source 20 from supplying a primary control capacity larger than the contract amount while satisfying the requirement of the speed adjustment ratio.

[0064] Modification 3 of the First Embodiment A third modification of the first embodiment will be described. In this modification, the configuration of the control device 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In the control device 10 of this modification, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines the fluctuation lower limit value Δf min and upper fluctuation limit Δf maxThis modification is similar to the second modification of the first embodiment in that the drooping characteristic is determined based on at least one of the following: out(n) This embodiment differs from the first embodiment, the first modification of the first embodiment, and the second modification of the first embodiment in that a dead zone in which the voltage Vcc does not change is set.

[0065] In this modification, the storage unit 111 stores a frequency range that is a dead band. In detail, the storage unit 111 stores a lower limit value Δf db-min and the upper limit of frequency deviation Δf for the dead band db-max The information stored in the storage unit 111 may be input by an input device (not shown), such as a keyboard, via the device controller 304, or may be obtained from the distributed power source 20 via the communication device 303.

[0066] In this modification, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 receives from the storage unit 111 the lower limit value Δf of the frequency deviation related to the dead zone. db-min , the upper limit of the frequency deviation with respect to the dead band Δf db-max , the lower limit of system frequency fluctuation Δf min , and the upper limit of system frequency fluctuation Δf max Furthermore, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 reads out the command value P ref(n) and the lower limit value Δf of the frequency deviation related to the dead band read from the storage unit 111. db-min , the upper limit of the frequency deviation with respect to the dead band Δf db-max , the lower limit of system frequency fluctuation Δf min , and the upper limit of system frequency fluctuation Δf max A droop characteristic having a dead band is determined based on the above. Hereinafter, a process in which drooping characteristic determination unit 103 in this modified example determines drooping characteristics having a dead zone will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 11. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a process in which drooping characteristic determination unit 103 in this modified example determines drooping characteristics having a dead zone 541.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 11A, the drooping characteristic determination unit 103 determines whether the horizontal axis coordinate is the fluctuation lower limit value Δf of the system frequency.min , the vertical axis coordinate is the command value P ref(n) Adjustment for contract amount ΔP inc(n) The point where the value obtained by adding the above is determined as point γ1, and the horizontal axis coordinate is the upper limit value Δf of the system frequency fluctuation. max , the vertical axis coordinate is the command value P ref(n) Contract amount ΔP for downward adjustment dec(n) The point obtained by subtracting Furthermore, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 determines points α1 and α2 that correspond to the ends of the dead zone 541. In detail, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 determines the frequency deviation lower limit value Δf of the dead zone 541 on the horizontal axis coordinate. db-min , the vertical axis coordinate is the command value P ref(n) The point where the horizontal axis coordinate is the upper limit value Δf of the frequency deviation of the dead zone 541 is determined as the point α1. db-max , the vertical axis coordinate is the command value P ref(n) The point at which the ordinate is α2 is determined as the abscissa. Furthermore, the drooping characteristic determining unit 103 determines three straight lines as the drooping characteristic: a straight line 542 connecting the points α1 and γ1, a dead zone 541 which is a straight line connecting the points α1 and α2, and a straight line 543 connecting the points α2 and γ2.

[0068] The control device 10 configured in this manner can also provide a control device 10 that can prevent the output power of the distributed power source 20 from exceeding the maximum output and the minimum output when the distributed power source 20 exerts the primary control capability agreed upon in the electricity market. min In the case of distributed power sources 20, the contract amount ΔP inc(n) and the upper limit of system frequency fluctuation Δf max In the case of distributed power sources 20, the contract amount ΔP dec(n)Since the drooping characteristic determiner 103 is configured to determine a drooping characteristic having a dead zone 541, it is possible to prevent the output of the distributed power source from suddenly changing at the frequency deviation Δf=0 as compared to a case where a drooping characteristic having an inflection point is determined without setting a dead zone 541, for example, as shown in Fig. 11(B).

[0069] In the fourth modification of the first embodiment, an example has been shown using (A) of FIG. 11 in which drooping characteristic determiner 103 sets the drooping characteristic so that dead zone 541 includes both the range of frequency deviation Δf≧0 and the range of frequency deviation Δf≦0. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and drooping characteristic determiner 103 may set the drooping characteristic so that dead zone 541 includes either the range of frequency deviation Δf≧0 or the range of frequency deviation Δf≦0.

[0070] In addition, although several variations on the embodiments have been described, in addition to the above disclosure, free combinations of the variations, and further modification, substitution, or omission of any of the components of each variation are possible, as long as there is no contradiction between the features described in the embodiments and these variations. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 10 control device, 20 distributed power source, 22 power conversion device, 23 storage battery, 30, 30a power system, 31 power transmission and distribution network, 32 energy management device, 33 supply and demand adjustment market, 34 load, 101 acquisition unit, 102 command value determination unit, 103 drooping characteristic determination unit, 104 output unit, 111 memory unit, 200 distributed power source system, 301 arithmetic unit, 302 storage device, 303 communication device, 304 device controller, 311 system bus

Claims

1. A control device that controls a distributed power source to supply a primary adjustment capability that suppresses fluctuations in a system frequency of the power system by increasing or decreasing an output power to the power system, a command value determination unit that determines, as a command value, the output power of the distributed power source at a reference frequency of the power grid based on the primary control capability agreed upon in the electricity market and at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of the power that the distributed power source can output; a drooping characteristic determiner that determines a drooping characteristic that increases the output power of the distributed power source in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power of the distributed power source in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency, based on the output power according to the command value determined by the command value determiner; an output unit that outputs the command value determined by the command value determination unit and the drooping characteristic determined by the drooping characteristic determination unit to the distributed power sources; A control device comprising:

2. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the command value determination unit determines the command value so that the command value is equal to or less than a value obtained by subtracting a contract amount related to an upward adjustment that increases the output power of the primary control capability from the maximum value of the power that the distributed power source can output.

3. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the command value determination unit determines the command value so that the command value is equal to or greater than a value obtained by adding a contract amount related to a downward adjustment that reduces the output power of the primary control capability to the minimum value of the power that the distributed power source can output.

4. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the drooping characteristic determination unit sets at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the output power of the distributed power source as the drooping characteristic based on the primary control capacity agreed upon in the electricity market.

5. 5. The control device according to claim 4, wherein the drooping characteristic determination unit sets, as the upper limit value, a value obtained by adding an agreement amount of an upward adjustment capability, which is an increase amount of the output power out of the primary adjustment capability agreed in the electricity market, to the command value.

6. 5. The control device according to claim 4, wherein the drooping characteristic determination unit sets, as the lower limit value, a value obtained by subtracting an agreement amount of downward adjustment capability, which is an amount of reduction in the output power out of the primary control capability agreed upon in the electricity market, from the command value.

7. A control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the distributed power source that changes the output power based on the command value output by the control device; A distributed power system comprising:

8. A control method for controlling a distributed power source that supplies a primary adjustment capability to suppress fluctuations in a system frequency of a power system by increasing or decreasing an output power to the power system, comprising: determining, as a command value, the output power of the distributed power source at a reference frequency of the power grid based on the primary control capability agreed upon in an electricity market and at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of the power that the distributed power source can output; determining a drooping characteristic of the distributed power source, which increases the output power of the distributed power source in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power of the distributed power source in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency, based on the output power according to the command value; outputting the command value and the drooping characteristic to the distributed power source; A control method comprising:

9. A control program for controlling a distributed power source that supplies a primary adjustment capability for suppressing fluctuations in a system frequency of a power system by increasing or decreasing an output power to the power system, determining, as a command value, the output power of the distributed power source at a reference frequency of the power grid based on the primary control capability agreed upon in an electricity market and at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of the power that the distributed power source can output; determining a drooping characteristic of the distributed power source, which increases the output power of the distributed power source in response to a decrease in the system frequency from the reference frequency and decreases the output power of the distributed power source in response to an increase in the system frequency from the reference frequency, based on the output power according to the command value; outputting the command value and the drooping characteristic to the distributed power source; A control program that causes a computer to execute the above.