Multifunctional Hybrid Small Photobioreactor for Indoor Air Quality Control and Mixed Reality Simulation System Comprising the Same

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control and a mixed reality simulation system including the same. A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a receiving portion coupled to a support and having a receiving space formed for culturing microalgae; an air pump for supplying air to the receiving portion; a ventilation fan for air circulation of the support; a light-emitting device provided in the central part of the receiving portion and capable of emitting light; and a first control portion for controlling the operation of the air pump, the ventilation fan, and the light-emitting device.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control and a mixed reality simulation system including the same. More specifically, it relates to a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control and a mixed reality simulation system including the same, which improves indoor air quality by purifying pollutant particles, fine dust, carbon dioxide, and viruses using microalgae and releasing oxygen indoors, and enables efficient air quality management through real-time data processing and simulation using digital twin technology. Background Technology

[0002] Recently, according to the 'Emissions Gap Report (EGR)' by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), seven countries, including South Korea, warned that measures are needed to address climate change. Accordingly, South Korea has pledged under the Paris Agreement to reduce its 2030 business-as-usual (BAU) greenhouse gas emissions by 37%.

[0003] Interest in air quality has increased as a result of the aftermath of COVID-19, which caused indoor air quality issues such as fine dust affecting the respiratory system and the accumulation of harmful substances in the air due to a lack of ventilation to cut off contact with the outside world.

[0004] For research and development on microalgae-based carbon dioxide reduction and air quality improvement, prototype development is required first; however, due to the significant initial social costs involved, establishing a digital model and a development approach are currently necessary as a priority.

[0005] Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0818203 discloses a cell-circulating photobioreactor and a method for culturing photosynthetic microorganisms using the same.

[0006] The prior art is designed to provide a photobioreactor capable of efficiently producing photosynthetic microorganisms and useful products produced by said microorganisms by supplying a small amount of light energy, and a method for culturing photosynthetic microorganisms using said photobioreactor.

[0007] However, conventional technology is designed to efficiently produce photosynthetic microorganisms and useful products by reducing the supply of light energy during the production of photosynthetic microorganisms, but it has problems with sustainability and difficult management. Prior art literature

[0008] Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0818203 The problem to be solved

[0009] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a multifunctional hybrid compact photobioreactor for indoor air quality control capable of real-time monitoring and optimization of the indoor environment by combining photobioreactor technology and a digital twin to overcome the problems of the prior art, and a mixed reality simulation system including the same. means of solving the problem

[0010] It comprises: a receiving section coupled to a support and having a receiving space formed for culturing microalgae; an air pump for supplying air to the receiving section; a ventilation fan for air circulation of the support; a light-emitting device provided in the central part of the receiving section and capable of emitting light; and a first control section for controlling the operation of the air pump, the ventilation fan, and the light-emitting device; wherein the first control section absorbs contaminant particles and carbon dioxide in the receiving section and causes oxygen to be released by the microalgae.

[0011] The first control unit above causes the light-emitting device to emit light in different colors depending on the number and size of the microalgae.

[0012] It further includes a bubble generator that injects bubbles to prevent foreign substances from adsorbing to the inner surface of the above-mentioned receiving portion.

[0013] The first control unit comprises: an input unit that inputs an operation command signal to the photobioreactor; a sensor unit that detects a change in the state of the photobioreactor; a control unit that receives an operation command signal from the input unit and a detection signal from the sensor unit; and an output unit that receives an output signal from the control unit.

[0014] The above input unit includes a plurality of input switches that input operating signals.

[0015] The sensor unit includes an illuminance sensor for detecting illuminance; a light detection sensor for detecting light; a temperature sensor for detecting temperature; and a humidity sensor for detecting humidity.

[0016] The sensor unit further includes a camera that provides image information.

[0017] The output unit includes a clock module that provides real-time time information; and a first display unit that displays an operating status based on data information transmitted from the control unit.

[0018] It further includes a communication unit capable of transmitting and receiving data collected from the first control unit via wired or wireless means.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention comprises: a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; an oxygen tank for storing or supplying oxygen generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a carbon dioxide tank for storing or supplying carbon dioxide generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a second control unit for controlling the operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a second display unit for displaying a signal processed by the second control unit; a data storage unit for storing and database-ing data processed by the second control unit; and a wearable sensor unit for detecting and transmitting a body signal of a wearer indoors to the second control unit; wherein the second control unit controls the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor to manage air quality.

[0020] The second control unit above implements a virtual environment based on signals transmitted from the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor.

[0021] The second control unit performs a mixed reality simulation in the virtual environment based on the data stored in the data storage unit.

[0022] The above-mentioned second control unit further includes a wearable sensor unit for detecting the wearer's body signal.

[0023] The above-described wearable sensor unit includes an electrocardiogram sensor that detects the wearer's body information and detects an electrocardiogram; an electromyogram sensor that detects an electromyogram; a body temperature sensor that measures body temperature; a blood pressure sensor that measures blood pressure; and a heart rate sensor that measures heart rate.

[0024] It further includes a fuel storage device for storing fuel produced in the above-mentioned multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor. Effects of the invention

[0025] The multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control and the mixed reality simulation system including the same according to the present invention have the following effects.

[0026] First, by integrating the reduction of carbon dioxide and fine dust with virus monitoring, it can contribute to solving environmental problems and improving public health.

[0027] Second, the digital twin approach, which combines virtual reality and metaverse technology, can reduce costs and time by conducting testing and evaluation during the development process in a virtual environment.

[0028] Third, there is the advantage of wide application possibilities by utilizing a virtual environment.

[0029] Fourth, sustainable urban development and global greenhouse gas reduction goals can be achieved.

[0030] Fifth, it can contribute to technology exchange and commercialization through international cooperation. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 5 (a) to FIGS. 5 (c) are drawings illustrating different operational examples of a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating the control operation of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a mixed reality simulation system comprising a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 (a) is code implemented according to the main formula of the fluid simulation, and Figure 9 (b) is a diagram showing the explanation of the factors. Figure 10 is a diagram showing the code for changing the particle's color change from velocity-based to density (carbon dioxide concentration) based as a step progression. Figures 11 (a) and 11 (b) are drawings showing a color change at 600 particles in a two-stage process. Figure 12 is a control statement that creates a wall to block particles as part of a three-step process. Figure 13 is a control statement that creates a wall to block particles as part of a three-step process. Figure 14 is a drawing showing how to generate a shape by creating additional obstacles from 1 to 4 through an obstacle control statement. Figure 15 is a diagram showing a simulation video of the completed intake and exhaust functions. Figure 16 is code that implements the carbon dioxide filter function equation of an algal cell. Figure 17 is a diagram showing a simulation of the carbon dioxide filter function of green algae cells. FIG. 18 is a drawing showing a modified example of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0032] Specific structural or functional descriptions of embodiments according to the concept of the present invention disclosed herein are provided merely for the purpose of explaining embodiments according to the concept of the present invention, and embodiments according to the concept of the present invention may be implemented in various forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0033] Embodiments according to the concept of the present invention may be subject to various modifications and may take various forms; therefore, embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in this specification. However, this is not intended to limit the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention to specific disclosed forms, and includes modifications, equivalents, or substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0034] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Referring together to FIGS. 1 to 3, a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a receiving section (110), an air pump (120), a ventilation fan (130), a light-emitting device (140), and a first control section (150).

[0036] The receiving portion (110) is connected to the upper part of a support (Fig. 5: 112) which has an open bottom and a space formed inside. Additionally, it may be configured to further include a housing that accommodates the receiving portion (110) and the support (Fig. 5: 112), and the receiving portion (110) may be accommodated inside the housing without being connected to the support (Fig. 5: 112).

[0037] The receiving section (110) has an open top and a receiving space capable of receiving water is formed inside, and microalgae are cultured in the receiving space inside. A cover (116) may be attached to the top of the receiving section (110).

[0038] The receiving section (110) absorbs contaminated air containing carbon dioxide and contaminant particles through photosynthesis of microalgae and releases oxygen. The contaminant particles may be contaminants including fine dust and viruses.

[0039] The air pump (120) supplies air to the receiving section (110). The air pump (120) is connected to a flow meter (122) to suck in external air and supply air together with the external air.

[0040] A ventilation fan (130) is provided for air circulation between the support (112) and the housing.

[0041] The light-emitting device (140) is provided in the central part of the receiving portion (110) and can emit light.

[0042] The light-emitting device (140) emits light in different colors depending on the number and size of the microalgae contained within the receiving portion (110).

[0043] The first control unit (150) controls the operation of the air pump (120), ventilation fan (130), and light-emitting device (140).

[0044] The first control unit (150) causes the microalgae to absorb pollutant particles, fine dust, carbon dioxide, and viruses and release oxygen, and causes the light-emitting device (140) to emit light in different colors depending on the number and size of the microalgae.

[0045] The first control unit (150) is configured to include an input unit (151), a sensor unit (152), a control unit (153), and an output unit (154).

[0046] The input unit (151) inputs an operation command signal to the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100). The input unit (151) is configured to include a plurality of input switches (151-1) for inputting the operation signal. The plurality of input switches (151-1) allow the operation command to be input manually.

[0047] The sensor unit (152) is provided in an air box and detects a change in the state of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100). The sensor unit (152) transmits the detected signal to the control unit (153).

[0048] The sensor unit (152) is configured to include an illuminance sensor (152-1) for detecting illuminance, a light detection sensor (152-2) for detecting light, a temperature sensor (152-3) for detecting temperature, and a humidity sensor (152-4) for detecting humidity.

[0049] Additionally, the sensor unit (152) is configured to further include a camera (152-5) that provides image information.

[0050] The control unit (153) receives an operation command signal from the input unit (151) and a detection signal from the sensor unit (152). The control unit (153) may be, for example, a microcontroller that processes data.

[0051] The output unit (154) receives an output signal from the control unit (153).

[0052] The output unit (154) is configured to include a clock module (154-1) that provides real-time time information and a first display unit (154-2) that displays the operating status based on data information transmitted from the control unit (153).

[0053] In addition, a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to further include a bubble generator (160) that injects bubbles to prevent foreign substances from adsorbing on the inner surface of a receiving portion (110).

[0054] In addition, a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to further include a communication unit (155) comprising a communication device capable of transmitting and receiving data collected from a first control unit (150) via wired or wireless means.

[0055] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 3 together with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention draws air from an external space and an internal space and discharges oxygen or carbon dioxide into the internal space.

[0057] In addition, the materials harvested during this process are refined to obtain biofuel. The obtained biofuel is used for air conditioning and heating.

[0058] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 4 together with FIG. 1 to 3, a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to include an air pump (120), a ventilation fan (130), a first display unit (154-2), a first control unit (150), and a bubble generator (160) at the bottom of a receiving unit (110).

[0060] The air pump (120) pressurizes air and supplies air to the internal space of the support (Fig. 5: 112) connected to the lower part of the receiving portion (110). Bubbles are generated from the bubble generator (160) provided in the inner lower part of the receiving portion (110) to prevent foreign substances from adhering to the inner surface of the receiving portion (110).

[0061] FIGS. 5 (a) to FIGS. 5 (c) are drawings illustrating different operational examples of a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 5 together with FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the light-emitting device (140) of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention emits light in different colors.

[0063] For example, when the number of microalgae cells increases, they emit red light, and when the cell size increases, they emit blue light. Also, when both the number and size of the microalgae cells increase, they emit white light.

[0064] In addition, it can be made to emit light according to the carbon dioxide concentration value by reflecting the carbon dioxide concentration.

[0065] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the control operation of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a mixed reality simulation system configured to include a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] A mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to include a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100), an oxygen tank (210), a carbon dioxide tank (220), a second control unit (230), a second display unit (240), a data storage unit (250), and a wearable sensor unit (260).

[0067] The oxygen tank (210) stores or supplies oxygen generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100).

[0068] The carbon dioxide tank (220) stores or supplies carbon dioxide generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100).

[0069] The second control unit (230) is a computer system configured to include a microcontroller unit that processes data and a memory unit that stores data, and controls the operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100).

[0070] The second control unit (230) transmits and receives control signals to and from the first control unit (150) of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) and processes the transmitted and received data. In addition, the second control unit (230) receives a signal detected by the wearable sensor unit (260) and processes the transmitted data.

[0071] The second control unit (230) processes the received signal and transmits a control signal to the first control unit (150) to control the operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100), thereby managing the air quality at optimal efficiency in real time.

[0072] The second display unit (240) displays the signal processed by the second control unit (230).

[0073] The second control unit (230) implements a virtual environment based on data information transmitted according to operation in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) in a computer system. Here, the virtual environment is a virtual environment in which data information according to operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) and indoor and outdoor environment information are input.

[0074] A mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention performs a mixed reality simulation in a virtual environment based on data stored in a data storage unit (250) by a second control unit (230). The mixed reality simulation refers to controlling the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) based on data stored in the data storage unit (250) in a virtual environment where indoor and outdoor environment information is input, and controlling the operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) installed in reality by reflecting this.

[0075] The data storage unit (250) stores the data processed by the second control unit (230) and converts it into a database.

[0076] Data is stored in the data storage unit (250), and the second control unit (230) can perform data analysis for efficiency improvement using the stored data. The second control unit (230) can control the operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor (100) by reflecting the results of the data analysis. Accordingly, the reaction time of the entire system is shortened, making more efficient environmental control possible.

[0077] In addition, a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to further include a wearable sensor unit (26(0)) for detecting a wearer's body signal in the second control unit (230).

[0078] The wearable sensor unit (260) is configured to be worn on the body by a wearer to detect the wearer's body information and transmit it to the second control unit (230), and includes an electrocardiogram sensor (261) that detects the wearer's electrocardiogram, an electromyogram sensor (262) that detects the wearer's electromyogram, a body temperature sensor (263) that measures body temperature, a blood pressure sensor (264) that measures blood pressure, and a pulse rate sensor (265) that measures heart rate. Additionally, the wearable sensor unit (260) is configured to further include a VR headset that is worn on the user's visible body part.

[0079] Body information of the wearer detected by the wearable sensor unit (260) is transmitted to the second control unit (230).

[0080] In addition, a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is further configured to include a fuel storage device (270) for storing fuel generated in the photobioreactor (100). The fuel storage device (270) is a device for storing biofuel obtained from the receiving section (110).

[0081] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 8 in conjunction with other drawings, a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention can capture carbon dioxide using green algae and obtain biofuel, thereby enabling environmental sustainability and energy independence. Furthermore, it can be applied to airborne infection prevention and digital healthcare, allowing for simultaneous monitoring of fine dust concentration, carbon dioxide reduction, and viruses. Since maintenance and equipment preservation are smooth, problems in the photobioreactor manufacturing process can be detected early, and problems can be resolved by investigating virtual space data. In addition, it is possible to introduce compatible and universal standard processes, and linkage with and monitoring of process automation in the form of a smart factory is also possible.

[0083] Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is advantageous for simulating multiphase fluids involving liquid and solid particles, such as water. In this case, algal cells within a culture medium can be modeled as small particles, and SPH can naturally represent the interactions and behavior between these particles. SPH is particularly suitable for simulating the process of algal cells absorbing carbon dioxide from a culture medium.

[0084] In addition, it is advantageous for modeling interactions between particles rather than continuous interactions between gases and liquids, and it has the advantage of being able to track the characteristics of each particle and handle even minute changes, allowing for a detailed representation of the mixing phenomenon between cells and culture media.

[0085] A control method using a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

[0086] 1. Density-based color change settings

[0087] In the present invention, the setting was switched to a color change reflecting the carbon dioxide concentration. This allowed the CO2 concentration to be visually represented, and the concentration value was normalized to between 0 and 1 to assign a unique concentration value to each particle.

[0088] Concentration normalization and color mapping normalized the CO2 concentration to a range between 0 and 1, and set the particle color to change according to the normalized concentration value. To achieve this, a color map was sampled based on the concentration value to enable dynamic control of the particle color.

[0089] Coordinate-based rendering calculated coordinates based on the center position of each particle and reflected them in the final rendering, which allowed for the visual verification of the concentration distribution within the simulation.

[0090] 2. Obstacle Collision and Particle Control

[0091] Obstacle collision control was enhanced to allow particles to interact with obstacles inside the photobioreactor and move naturally within the boundaries. This process prevents particles from penetrating into obstacles and ensures that their velocity and position are appropriately adjusted upon collision.

[0092] Obstacle generation and boundary setting controlled particles to prevent them from crossing specific boundaries by setting the size and position of the obstacles. In this process, the particle's speed is decelerated as it approaches an obstacle, and a reflection effect is applied upon impact with the obstacle's surface to implement realistic collision behavior.

[0093] The position and velocity adjustment of the particles was achieved by setting collision damping that reverses the direction of movement when the particles reach the obstacle boundary, ensuring that the particles remain within the boundary without crossing the obstacle.

[0094] 3. Implementation of intake and exhaust functions

[0095] To implement the intake and exhaust operations of a Photobioreactor (PBR), additional control statements were applied to the simulation to realistically model the process of air entering and exiting. Initially, the intake and exhaust functions were implemented using simple path settings, but the control statements were modified to express them more naturally.

[0096] The intake function adjusted the position and movement path of particles to ensure they are drawn into the photobioreactor. It implemented an effect where particles are naturally drawn into the photobioreactor when they cross a specific boundary.

[0097] The exhaust function is designed so that when the CO2 concentration exceeds a certain level (e.g., 50% or higher), high-concentration particles (orange, red, etc.) are filtered and discharged, and after exhaust, the particles are converted to a low-concentration state (green, blue, etc.). Through this process, the discharged air is adjusted to an optimized concentration and re-emitted.

[0098] 4. Air Quality Conversion System Setting

[0099] A system for controlling and transforming air quality within the photobioreactor was refined to establish a mechanism for reducing CO2 concentration when it rises above a certain level. This enables the regulation of concentrations in high-particle areas, thereby converting the air to an optimized state prior to emission.

[0100] The concentration limit setting and filtering mechanism automatically initiates the filtering process when the CO2 concentration increases above a specific level, selectively emitting high-concentration particles. During this process, the emitted particles are converted to a low-concentration state so that they can be recirculated.

[0101] The implementation of the dynamic concentration conversion function added a feature to adjust the concentration in real-time according to changes in CO2 concentration, ensuring that the air quality inside the photobioreactor is maintained below a certain level. Furthermore, this function was linked to changes in particle color in response to concentration variations, allowing the air quality improvement process to be visually confirmed.

[0102] In the Simulation Loop and Optimization process, once gravity, collision, density, pressure, and viscosity calculations are completed for all particles, the particles move based on their updated attributes and positions. This process is repeated to advance the simulation timescales, recording the distribution of CO2 concentration among particles and the absorption effects of algae at each time step. For optimization, unnecessary computations within the simulation were reduced, and efficient spatial gridding was used to minimize interactions with unnecessary particles.

[0103] The spatial gridding technique adopts a method of dividing space into a grid and searching for particles only within a smoothing radius to enhance simulation efficiency. This reduces computational load and significantly improves simulation speed by performing interactions only with particles within the necessary range.

[0104] GPU-based parallel computing maximizes simulation performance by applying parallel operations utilizing GPUs to rapidly process large-scale computations between particles. This enables the simultaneous processing of thousands of particles and makes real-time simulation implementation possible.

[0105] The 3D extension of the simulation in this invention extends the SPH simulation to three dimensions to realize more realistic fluid behavior. In the 3D extension, 2D coordinates (float2) are converted to 3D coordinates (float3) to model the interactions between particles more three-dimensionally. Through this, the three-dimensional movement of the fluid can be simulated, and the potential for application in real environments can be increased.

[0106] The process for air control simulation in a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

[0107] Step 1 performs SPH-based fluid simulation modeling.

[0108] The step performs a color change based on carbon dioxide concentration through a random variable, rather than a color change based on the existing rate of the molecular state.

[0109] Step 3 involves setting up the photobioreactor to perform intake and exhaust operations after its formation.

[0110] Step 4 involves treating the concentration inside a photobioreactor to lower it above a certain level.

[0111] Step 5 involves specifically designing and setting up the internal air quality conversion system of the photobioreactor.

[0112] The main formula for fluid simulation is as follows.

[0113]

[0114] (Here, A(x) is a physical property at a specific point (e.g., density, pressure, etc.), A_i is the attribute value at particle, m_i is the mass of particle i, p_i is a particle iThe density W(│x-x_i│) is a Smoothing Kernel function that calculates weights based on the distance │x-x_i│ between point x and particle i.

[0115] Figure 9 (a) is code implemented according to the main formulas of fluid simulation, and Figure 9 (b) is a diagram showing the explanation of the parameters of the code in Figure 9 (a).

[0116] Figure 10 is a diagram showing the code for changing the particle's color change from velocity-based to density (carbon dioxide concentration) based as a step progression.

[0117] Normalize the concentration to 0–1, assign a concentration value between 0 and 1 to the generated particles, calculate coordinates based on the particle center position, and perform final rendering using the calculated particle coordinates. Then, save and return each result value.

[0118] Figures 11 (a) and 11 (b) are drawings showing a color change at 600 particles in the second stage of the process, and a color change is confirmed at 600 particles in the second stage of the process.

[0119] Figure 12 is a control statement for creating a wall that blocks particles in the third step, and in the third step, the distance between the particle and the obstacle is calculated as half the size of the obstacle, the particle is checked to see if it is inside the obstacle, and the position and velocity are modified after the collision.

[0120] Figure 13 is a control statement that creates a wall to block particles as part of a three-step process.

[0121] In FIG. 13, (a) a simulation boundary collision control statement, (b) obstacle control statement 1, and (c) obstacle control statement 2 are disclosed.

[0122] Figure 14 is a drawing showing how to generate a shape by creating additional obstacles from 1 to 4 through an obstacle control statement.

[0123] Green represents obstacles, and yellow represents the particle generation location and range.

[0124] Figure 15 is a diagram showing a simulation video of the completed intake and exhaust functions.

[0125] To explain the equations of the algal cell-based carbon dioxide capture model, carbon dioxide capture follows complex dynamics related to the process of photosynthesis and is influenced by external factors such as concentration, lighting conditions, and temperature.

[0126] Fick's Law is explained as follows.

[0127] CO2 transfer from gas to liquid ( ) → Increase in CO2 concentration in liquid( ).

[0128] The Monod model is described as follows.

[0129] Increase → Increase in microalgae growth rate (μ).

[0130] The CO2 fixation model is explained as follows.

[0131] Increase in μ and biomass (X) → CO2 fixation rate ( ) increase.

[0132] The photosynthetic model is explained as follows.

[0133] Increase in light intensity (I) → Increase in photosynthetic rate (P) → CO2 fixation rate ( ) increase.

[0134] Each equation has an interdependent relationship, and CO2 transfer, microalgae growth, CO2 fixation, and photosynthetic rates must be considered integrally.

[0135] Here, the Monod model is a basic model representing CO2 capture rate and nutrient utilization efficiency, and is as follows.

[0136] μ = μmax * S / (Ks + S)

[0137] (Here, μ is a specific growth rate, μmax is the maximum growth rate, S is the substrate concentration (can be considered as CO2 concentration), and Ks is the half-maximum rate constant)

[0138] The CO2 absorption rate due to microalgae growth is explained by a logistic model as shown in the following equation:

[0139] N(t) = Nmax / (1 + e^(-r(t-t0)))

[0140] (Here, N(t): microalgae concentration at time t, Nmax: maximum microalgae concentration, r: growth rate, t0: initial time)

[0141] The Droop model explains CO2 capture by reflecting internal nutrient storage:

[0142] μ = μmax * (Q - Qmin) / Q

[0143] (Here, Q is the intracellular nutrient concentration, Qmin is the minimum nutrient concentration, and μmax is the maximum growth rate)

[0144] The modified equation of the Monod model considering the interaction between light conditions and CO2 concentration is as follows.

[0145] μ = μmax * I / (KI + I + I^2 / KI,L)

[0146] (Here, I is illumination intensity, KI is illumination saturation constant, KI,L is light suppression constant)

[0147] CO2 fixation rate is expressed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM):

[0148] YCO2= a0 + Σ(aiXi) + Σ(aiiXi^2) + Σ(aijXiXj) + ε

[0149] (Here, YCO₂ is the CO2 fixation rate, Xi is the independent variable (e.g., CO2 concentration, light intensity, temperature, etc.), a0, ai, aii, aij are regression coefficients, and ε is the error term)

[0150] Figure 16 is code for implementing the carbon dioxide filter function of an algal cell, and the implementation equation is as follows.

[0151]

[0152] Figure 17 is a diagram showing the simulation of the carbon dioxide filter function of green algae cells, and the results are shown in a table.

[0153] FIG. 18 is a drawing showing a modified example of a mixed reality simulation system including a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0154] For example, the receiving section (110) may be formed in a rectangular shape and installed by combining a plurality of them in a grid structure on one side of the wall (10).

[0155] The receiving section (110) is in the form of a module that is compatible with and scalable to conventional microalgae photobioreactors.

[0156] An intake section (11) into which oxygen is introduced and an exhaust section (12) into which viruses, contaminant particles, and carbon dioxide are discharged are formed in the indoor wall (10). The intake section (11) and the exhaust section (12) are connected to a receiving section (110), so that contaminant particles, fine dust, carbon dioxide, and viruses are absorbed and oxygen is discharged through photosynthesis of microalgae in the receiving section (110).

[0157] Accordingly, the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control and the mixed reality simulation system including the same according to the present invention can contribute to solving environmental problems and improving public health by integrating carbon dioxide and fine dust reduction and virus monitoring. Furthermore, the digital twin approach combining virtual reality and metaverse technology can reduce costs and time by conducting tests and evaluations during the development process in a virtual environment, and has the advantage of wide application possibilities by utilizing the virtual environment.

[0158] Furthermore, it can contribute to sustainable urban development and the achievement of global greenhouse gas reduction targets, as well as technology exchange and commercialization through international cooperation.

[0160] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to the limited drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations from the description above. For example, suitable results can be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or assembled in a form different from described, or replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents.

[0161] Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims set forth below. Explanation of the symbols

[0162] 10: Wall 11: Suction part 12: Exhaust section 100: Multifunctional Hybrid Small Photobioreactor 110: Receiving section 112: Support 116: Cover 120: Air pump 130: Ventilation fan 140: Light-emitting device 150: First control unit 151: Input section 152: Sensor section 152-1: Illumination sensor 152-2: Light detection sensor 152-3: Temperature sensor 152-4: Humidity sensor 152-5: Camera 153: Control Unit 154: Output Section 154-1: Clock module 154-2: First display unit 155: Communications Unit 160: Bubble Generator 210: Oxygen tank 220: Carbon dioxide tank 230: Second control unit 240: Second display unit 250: Data storage unit 260: Wearable sensor unit 261: ECG sensor 262: Electromyography sensor 263: Body temperature sensor 264: Blood pressure sensor 265: Pulse rate sensor 270: Fuel storage unit

Claims

Claim 1 A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control comprising: a receiving section coupled to a support and having a receiving space formed for culturing microalgae; an air pump for supplying air to the receiving section; a ventilation fan for air circulation of the support; a light-emitting device provided in the central part of the receiving section and capable of emitting light; and a first control section for controlling the operation of the air pump, the ventilation fan, and the light-emitting device; wherein the first control section absorbs contaminant particles and carbon dioxide in the receiving section and causes oxygen to be released by the microalgae. Claim 2 A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 1, the light-emitting device emits light in different colors depending on the number and size of the microalgae. Claim 3 A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 2, the light-emitting device emits light in different colors depending on the carbon dioxide concentration value. Claim 4 A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 1, it further includes a bubble generator for injecting bubbles to prevent the adsorption of foreign substances onto the inner surface of the receiving portion. Claim 5 A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit comprises: an input unit for inputting an operation command signal to the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a sensor unit for detecting a change in the state of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a control unit for receiving an operation command signal from the input unit and a detection signal from the sensor unit; and an output unit for receiving an output signal from the control unit. Claim 6 A multifunctional hybrid compact photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 5, the input unit includes a plurality of input switches for inputting operation signals. Claim 7 A multifunctional hybrid compact photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 5, the sensor unit comprises: an illuminance sensor for detecting illuminance; a light detection sensor for detecting light; a temperature sensor for detecting temperature; and a humidity sensor for detecting humidity. Claim 8 A multifunctional hybrid compact photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 7, the sensor unit further includes a camera that provides image information. Claim 9 A multifunctional hybrid compact photobioreactor for indoor air quality control, characterized in that, in claim 5, the output unit comprises: a clock module that provides real-time time information; and a first display unit that displays an operating status based on data information transmitted from the control unit. Claim 10 A multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor for indoor air quality control according to claim 1, further comprising a communication unit capable of transmitting and receiving data collected from the first control unit via wired or wireless means. Claim 11 A mixed reality simulation system comprising: a multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor according to any one of claims 1 to 10; an oxygen tank for storing or supplying oxygen generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a carbon dioxide tank for storing or supplying carbon dioxide generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a second control unit for controlling the operation of the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor; a second display unit for displaying a signal processed by the second control unit; a data storage unit for storing and database-ing data processed by the second control unit; and a wearable sensor unit for detecting and transmitting body signals of a wearer indoors to the second control unit; wherein the second control unit controls the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor to manage air quality. Claim 12 A mixed reality simulation system according to claim 11, wherein the second control unit implements a virtual environment based on data information transmitted from the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor. Claim 13 A mixed reality simulation system according to claim 12, wherein the second control unit performs a mixed reality simulation based on data stored in the data storage unit in the virtual environment. Claim 14 A mixed reality simulation system according to claim 11, further comprising a wearable sensor unit for detecting a wearer's body signal in the second control unit. Claim 15 A mixed reality simulation system according to claim 14, wherein the wearable sensor unit includes: an electrocardiogram sensor that detects the wearer's body information and detects an electrocardiogram; an electromyogram sensor that detects an electromyogram; a body temperature sensor that measures body temperature; a blood pressure sensor that measures blood pressure; and a pulse rate sensor that measures heart rate. Claim 16 A mixed reality simulation system according to claim 11, further comprising a fuel storage device for storing fuel generated in the multifunctional hybrid small photobioreactor.

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