3D printer and printing method using them

Abstract

In this specification, inventions relating to a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method are disclosed. In the present invention, a magnetic field application unit is positioned below the bed, so that a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic material, allowing the magnetic material to be positioned flatly and densely on the bed. Therefore, even if a magnetic material is used, the present invention allows for the manufacture of a product using a laser irradiation method.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method utilizing the same.

[0002] In particular, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method utilizing the same, wherein magnetic materials can be positioned flatly and at high density on a bed, so that magnetic materials can be used even in a laser-based powder coating method. Background Technology

[0003] While there are various types of 3D additive manufacturing devices depending on the manufacturing method, laser-based methods are generally utilized. The laser-based method manufactures products by placing fine-sized powder evenly on a bed and irradiating the flatly arranged powder with a laser to repeatedly melt and solidify it. In the laser-based method, powder flattening is crucial because uniform layering requires the powder to be placed evenly on the bed.

[0004] Meanwhile, with the technological advancement of 3D additive manufacturing devices, technological improvements regarding powders used as manufacturing materials are also actively underway. Recently, methods utilizing anisotropic magnetic materials such as Nd-Fe-B have also been developed. However, recently developed anisotropic magnetic materials cannot be utilized in laser-based methods due to limitations in the manufacturing process.

[0005] Anisotropic magnetic materials are manufactured using methods such as CVD, co-precipitation, and atomization. Since these manufacturing processes cannot guarantee a consistent volume of the anisotropic magnetic materials, the resulting materials vary in shape, volume, and other characteristics.

[0006] In particular, anisotropic magnetic materials formed in a rectangular shape have poor flowability and cannot be applied to the bed. Therefore, they are currently not being applied to laser-based powder coating 3D additive manufacturing devices. Prior art literature

[0007] Korean Registered Patent No. 2550733 (Published May 8, 2023) Korean Registered Patent No. 2459236 (Published October 21, 2022) The problem to be solved

[0008] The present invention according to one embodiment aims to solve the aforementioned problems by providing a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method utilizing the same, which can manufacture products by improving the flowability of a rectangular anisotropic magnetic material so that it is applied flatly and at high density on a bed. means of solving the problem

[0009] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to one embodiment may include a bed on which a magnetic material is placed, a laser irradiation unit that irradiates a laser to solidify the magnetic material on the upper side of the bed, a blade that moves from one side of the bed to the other side and flattens the magnetic material, and a magnetic field application unit located around the perimeter of the bed that, when power is supplied, applies a magnetic field to the magnetic material in a direction other than the upper side so that the magnetic material is positioned in the space between the magnetic materials.

[0010] The above magnetic field application unit may be characterized by being arranged in a form that surrounds at least a part of the bed.

[0011] The magnetic field application unit may be characterized by being located on the lower side of the bed and having a magnetic field strength that can change depending on the application of power.

[0012] The above magnetic field application unit may be composed of a plurality of units, and the plurality of magnetic field application units may be spaced apart from each other and arranged to surround the bed, and each of the magnetic field application units may be characterized by being able to operate independently.

[0013] The bed may further include a base that supports the magnetic material from below and can be raised or lowered, and the magnetic field applying part may be characterized by applying a magnetic field of strength inversely proportional to the length between the bottom and the surface of the base where the magnetic material is located.

[0014] The magnetic field application unit may further include a moving unit that moves along a direction intersecting the height direction of the bed, and may be characterized by being able to apply a magnetic field to the magnetic material by moving along the moving unit.

[0015] The magnetic field application unit may be characterized by including a magnetic field generating unit connected to the moving unit and forming a magnetic field when power is supplied, and a magnetic field shielding unit arranged to surround at least a part of the magnetic field generating unit and shield the magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating unit is applied to a part not surrounded by the magnetic field shielding unit.

[0016] The above moving part may be characterized by including a rail and a slider that moves along the rail.

[0017] It may be characterized by further including a scanner that measures the flatness of the magnetic material on the upper side of the bed.

[0018] The blade may be characterized by including a removal section that removes the magnetic material by applying an attractive force to the magnetic material, thereby removing a portion of the magnetic material and flattening the magnetic material.

[0019] A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to one embodiment may include a placement step of placing a magnetic material on a bed, a blade operation step of operating a blade located on one side of the bed and moving while maintaining a height set from one side to the other side to come into contact with the magnetic material and flatten the magnetic material, and a magnetic field application step of operating a magnetic field application unit located around the perimeter of the bed and, when power is supplied, applying a magnetic field to the magnetic material so that the magnetic material is positioned in the space between the magnetic materials.

[0020] In the above magnetic field application step, the magnetic field application part may be characterized by being arranged in a form that wraps around at least a part of the bed.

[0021] In the above magnetic field application step, the magnetic field application unit may be located on the lower side of the bed, and the strength of the magnetic field may be changed according to the application of power.

[0022] The bed may further include a base that supports the magnetic material from below and can be raised or lowered, and in the magnetic field application step, the magnetic field application part may be characterized by applying a magnetic field of strength inversely proportional to the length between the bottom and the surface of the base where the magnetic material is located. Effects of the invention

[0023] The present invention, according to one embodiment manufactured with the aforementioned components, improves the flowability of a rectangular anisotropic magnetic material so that it can be applied to a bed at a high density. That is, in the present invention, a rectangular anisotropic magnetic material formed in a rectangular shape and having poor flowability is attached to a bed by a magnetic field application part, and some of the rectangular magnetic material is moved outward by a blade so that the anisotropic magnetic material can be positioned flatly on the bed at a high density.

[0024] In particular, the present invention allows anisotropic magnetic materials to move into the space between magnetic materials and maintain high density by repeating the operation of the blade multiple times, and the magnetic materials to be aligned in one direction by magnetism, thereby enabling the stacking of high-performance anisotropic magnetic laminates. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0025] Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) illustrate the principle of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates the lower side of the base of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6a is a perspective view of a part of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view of a part of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-section of a blade of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0026] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that when assigning reference numerals to the components of each drawing, the same components are assigned the same reference numeral whenever possible, even if they are shown in different drawings. Furthermore, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known components or functions could obscure the essence of the invention, such detailed description is omitted.

[0028] Furthermore, the size or shape of components depicted in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation. Additionally, terms specifically defined in consideration of the structure and operation of the present invention are intended only to describe embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0029] Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) illustrate the principle of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] As can be seen in FIG. 1(a), the anisotropic magnetic material ('hereinafter referred to as magnetic material (1)') is formed in a cuboidal shape, but since the shape and volume of the magnetic material (1) are not uniform, when placed on the bed (100), it is not placed flat on the bed (100), and a space is formed between the magnetic materials (1), resulting in a problem of low density of the magnetic material (1). Therefore, the method of melting the material using a laser and then solidifying it is difficult to utilize.

[0031] As can be seen in FIG. 1(b), in order to solve this problem, the present invention applies a magnetic field application unit (200) after positioning it in a direction other than at least the upper side of the bed (100). The magnetic field applied by the magnetic field application unit (200) applies an attractive force to the magnetic material (1), thereby allowing the magnetic material (1) to be positioned in the space between the magnetic materials (1). Furthermore, by repeating the arrangement of the magnetic material (1) and the operation of the magnetic field application unit (200) together with the blade (300) to be described later, the space between the magnetic materials (1) is filled with magnetic materials (1), and the density of the magnetic material (1) positioned on the bed (100) can also be increased. Therefore, the present invention can utilize a method of melting and solidifying using a laser.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] The three-dimensional additive manufacturing device of the present invention according to the first embodiment may include a cover (10), a guide (20) section, a bed (100), a magnetic field application section (200), a blade (300), a feeder (400), a scanning section (500), and a laser irradiation section (600).

[0034] Referring to FIG. 2, the cover (10) may be a frame. The cover (10) may have a space formed inside and a structure for installation formed on the upper side. A bed (100) and a magnetic field application unit (200) may be arranged in the internal space of the cover (10), a guide (20) may be arranged along the horizontal length of the cover (10) on the upper side, a blade (300) and a feeder (400) may be arranged on the upper side, and a scan unit (500) and a laser irradiation unit (600) may be arranged on the upper side spaced apart from the cover (10). Therefore, the guide (20), bed (100), magnetic field application unit (200), blade (300), feeder (400), scan unit (500), and laser irradiation unit (600) may operate organically with respect to the cover (10) to manufacture a product using a three-dimensional stacking method.

[0035] The guide (20) is composed of a pair and may be positioned spaced apart from each other along the transverse direction on the upper side of the cover (10). The guide (20) is formed to have a specific length. A blade (300) may be positioned on the guide (20). The blade (300) installed on the guide (20) may move along the length of the guide (20).

[0036] The blade (300) can be moved from one side to the other side along the guide (20) on the upper side of the cover (10). Here, the one side and the other side may be the right and left sides based on FIG. 2. The lower side of the blade (300) may be formed flat. As the blade (300) moves from one side to the other, it can physically come into contact with the magnetic material (1) located on the bed (100) to allow the magnetic material (1) to be placed flat.

[0037] The feeder (400) may be connected to the guide (20). However, the feeder (400) may be connected to another guide (20) not shown in FIG. 2. The feeder (400) moves from one side to the other, just like the guide (20), and can supply magnetic material (1) to the bed (100).

[0038] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the bed (100) may include a base (110) and a protective frame (120). The base (110) may have a flat upper surface and a cylinder lower surface. Therefore, the upper surface of the base (110) may move up and down. A magnetic material (1) may be positioned on the flat upper surface of the base (110). Therefore, the magnetic material (1) may move according to the up and down movement of the base (110). Therefore, when the blade (300) moves from one side to the other, the magnetic material (1) positioned on the base (110) may be physically contacted by the blade (300) and become flat.

[0039] Since the base (110) moves up and down, the base (110) has a specific height, and the protective frame (120) can be formed with a specific height to protect the base (110). The protective frame (120) can be formed in a cylindrical shape. The protective frame (120) can protect the base (110) from the outside. In addition, a magnetic field application part (200) can be placed on the protective frame (120).

[0040] The magnetic field application unit (200) may be positioned on the outside of the protective frame (120). As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the magnetic field application unit (200) may be positioned along the perimeter of the protective frame (120). The magnetic field application unit (200) can apply a magnetic field to the magnetic material (1).

[0041] Therefore, the magnetic material (1) can be positioned flat on the bed (100) by the magnetic field application unit (200). That is, when the magnetic field application unit (200) applies a magnetic field to the magnetic material (1) in FIG. 3, the magnetic material (1) can receive an attractive force in the downward and downward diagonal directions by the magnetic field application unit (200).

[0042] The magnetic material (1), which is attracted by the magnetic field application unit (200), is prevented from moving by the protective frame (120) and can therefore be positioned in the space formed between them. Thus, the magnetic material (1) can be placed flat and at a high density on the bed (100). In addition, through the operation of the aforementioned blade (300) multiple times and the operation of the magnetic field application unit (200), the magnetic material (1) can be placed flatter and at a high density.

[0043] Meanwhile, the magnetic field application unit (200) may have a different magnetic field strength depending on the power supply. Accordingly, the magnetic field application unit (200) can apply a strong magnetic field when a large amount of magnetic material (1) is placed on the bed (100), and apply a weak magnetic field when a small amount of magnetic material (1) is placed on the bed (100) of the magnetic field application unit (200). That is, the magnetic field application unit (200) can apply an optimal magnetic field to improve the flatness and density of the magnetic material (1).

[0044] Additionally, the strength of the magnetic field of the magnetic field application unit (200) can be applied inversely proportional to the height between the floor and the base of the bed (100).

[0045] Referring to FIG. 2, the scanning unit (500) can be spaced apart and positioned on the upper side of the bed (100). The scanning unit (500) can scan the shape of the magnetic material (1) located on the bed (100). The scanning unit (500) can measure the flatly arranged shape of the magnetic material (1) and the arrangement without space between the magnetic materials (1).

[0046] The laser irradiation unit (600) may be positioned spaced apart from the upper side of the bed (100). The laser irradiation unit (600) may irradiate a laser onto the magnetic material (1) to cause the magnetic material (1) to melt and solidify. The laser irradiation unit (600) may be connected to a separate rail, stage, and robot arm, etc., not shown, and may be moved in x, y, and z directions.

[0047] In a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment, a feeder (400) places a magnetic material (1) on a bed (100), a magnetic field application unit (200) applies magnetism, and a blade (300) moves from one side of the bed (100) to the other side to flatten the magnetic material (1). At this time, a portion of the magnetic material (1) may be moved outside the bed (100) by the blade (300). Due to the repeated operation of the magnetic field application unit (200) and the blade (300), the magnetic material (1) can be positioned on the bed in a high-density, flat manner, and aligned in one direction. Subsequently, a laser irradiation unit (600) irradiates a laser to melt and solidify, thereby manufacturing a high-performance anisotropic magnetic laminate.

[0048] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, which can be confirmed with reference to FIG. 4, a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device may be composed of a plurality of magnetic field application units (200). That is, as can be seen in FIG. 4, two magnetic field application units (200) may be formed on the left side and three on the right side based on the cross-sectional view. Here, it should be noted that the number of magnetic field application units (200) is according to one embodiment and the number may be changed.

[0050] Multiple magnetic field application units (200) can be controlled independently. Therefore, multiple magnetic field application units (200) can apply magnetic fields in various directions. For convenience of explanation, the magnetic field application units (200) will be named as the first magnetic field application unit (200a), the second magnetic field application unit (200b), the third magnetic field application unit (200c), the fourth magnetic field application unit (200d), and the fifth magnetic field application unit (200e).

[0051] For example, only the second magnetic field application unit (200b), the fourth magnetic field application unit (200d), and the fifth magnetic field application unit (200e) may be operated to apply a strong magnetic field downward to the magnetic material (1).

[0052] Alternatively, to apply a horizontal magnetic field to the magnetic material (1), the height of the base (110) of the bed (100) may be positioned so that it is level with the first magnetic field application part (200a) and the third magnetic field application part (200c), and then the first magnetic field application part (200a) and the third magnetic field application part (200c) may be operated.

[0053] Alternatively, to apply a rotating magnetic field to the magnetic material (1), the first magnetic field application unit (200a) and the second magnetic field application unit (200b) may be operated for a short time, and the third magnetic field application unit (200c), the fourth magnetic field application unit (200d), and the fifth magnetic field application unit (200e) may be operated for the next short time, and these operations may be repeated.

[0054] As such, according to the second embodiment, since a magnetic field can be applied to the magnetic material (1) in various directions depending on the operation of the plurality of magnetic field application units (200), the magnetic material (1) can be positioned on the bed (100) in a flat and dense manner.

[0055] FIG. 5 illustrates the lower side of the base of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] According to another embodiment, the magnetic field application unit (200) may be positioned on the lower side of the base (110). Here, the lower side of the base (110) may refer to the side opposite to the side where the magnetic powder is positioned. The magnetic field application unit (200) may be composed of a plurality of units. A plurality of magnetic field application units (200) may be positioned on the lower side of the base (110) and may apply a magnetic field as power is supplied.

[0057] For example, the magnetic field application unit (200) may be positioned along the circumference of the base (110) from the lower side of the base (110) as shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly, the magnetic field application unit (200) may apply a strong magnetic field in the downward direction to the magnetic material (1), and may apply a magnetic field in the left and right directions of the magnetic material (1).

[0058] FIG. 6a is a perspective view of a part of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view of a part of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field application unit (200) may further include a moving unit (240). Therefore, the magnetic field application unit (200) can move the bed (100) and apply a magnetic field to a magnetic material placed on the bed (100).

[0060] The magnetic field application unit (200) according to the fourth embodiment may include a base frame (210), a magnetic field generating unit (220), a magnetic field shielding unit (230), and a slider (241) and a rail (242) which are moving units (240).

[0061] The base frame (210) forms the framework of the magnetic field application unit (200), and an internal space is formed so that the magnetic field generating unit (220) can be placed therein. At least a portion of the upper side of the base frame (210) may be open. The magnetic field generating unit (220) may be exposed to the outside through the open portion of the base frame (210).

[0062] The magnetic field generating unit (220) can form a magnetic field when power is applied. Meanwhile, the base frame (210) may have a magnetic field shielding unit (230) placed on it.

[0063] The magnetic field shielding part (230) may be positioned outside the open part of the base frame (210). The magnetic field shielding part (230) can block the magnetic field. Thus, the magnetic field shielding part (230) is positioned to surround the other part of the base frame (210) other than the open part, so that the magnetic field can be applied to the bed (100, see FIG. 2) through the open part of the base frame (210).

[0064] Meanwhile, the magnetic field shielding part (230) may be formed in a shape that covers all parts other than the open part of the base frame (210), unlike as shown in FIG. 6a and 6b.

[0065] The moving part (240) may be a rail (242) and a slider (241) that moves along the rail (242). The rail (242) may be composed of a pair and may be spaced apart from each other to form a preset path. The slider (241) may be connected to the rail (242) while protruding from the base frame (210). The slider (241) may move along the rail (242) in one direction or the other depending on the power supply. Therefore, the magnetic field applying part (200) is moved by the moving part (240) and can apply a magnetic field.

[0066] FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view, but if illustrated in three dimensions, the rail (242) can be formed along a circular closed loop that wraps around the bed (100). Therefore, the magnetic field application unit (200) can be moved to a specific position according to the operation of the slider (241), after which the magnetic field generating unit (220) can be operated. At this time, the magnetic field can be applied to a specific position due to the magnetic field shielding unit (230), and as a result, the magnetic material (1) of the bed (100) can receive an attractive force due to the magnetic field. Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field can be applied to a required position. Accordingly, the magnetic material (1) can be arranged flatly and densely on the bed (100).

[0067] FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-section of a blade of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] According to the fifth embodiment, the blade (300) may have a removal portion (310) formed therein.

[0069] Even with the magnetic field application unit (200) according to the first to fourth embodiments described above, the magnetic material (1) may become flat due to the shape or size of the magnetic material, or other magnetic materials may not be placed in the space between the magnetic materials. The removal unit (310) can remove such magnetic materials. The removal unit (310) may be composed of multiple units, and each may be controlled independently. The removal unit (310) may form a magnetic field when power is supplied. When the blade (300) moves from one side to the other, the removal unit (310) corresponding to the magnetic material to be removed may be operated. The magnetic material to be removed may be attached to the removal unit (310) and may be moved.

[0070] Meanwhile, the guide (20) to which the blade (300) is connected can move the blade (300) in the z-axis direction. Therefore, when the magnetic material (1) is attached to the removal part (310), the blade (300) can be moved along the z-axis and then moved from one side to the other.

[0071] FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] A 3D additive manufacturing method utilizing the aforementioned 3D additive manufacturing device may include a placement step (S100), a blade operation step (S200), a magnetic field application step (S300), and a laser irradiation step (S400).

[0073] The placement step (S100) is a step of placing a magnetic material (1) on a bed (100) using a feeder (400). At this time, the magnetic material (1) may be placed on the bed (100) at a low density and not flat.

[0074] The blade operation step (S200) is a step of operating the blade (300) to primarily flatten the magnetic material (1) on the bed (100). At this time, the magnetic material (1) may be partially flattened by the moving blade (300).

[0075] The magnetic field application step (S300) is a step of applying an additional magnetic field to the magnetic material (1) to flatten the magnetic material (1) when the magnetic material (1) is primarily flattened. Here, the magnetic material (1) may be positioned in the space between the magnetic materials (1). Therefore, the magnetic material (1) may be placed flat on the bed (100).

[0076] Meanwhile, the present invention can arrange the magnetic material (1) in a high density and flatly on the bed (100) by repeatedly performing the placement step (S100), the blade operation step (S200), and the magnetic field application step (S300) before performing the next step.

[0077] Additionally, although not shown in FIG. 8, a step of removing unnecessary magnetic material (1) can be performed between the placement step (S100), the blade operation step (S200), and the magnetic field application step (S300) by utilizing the removal unit (310) shown in FIG. 7.

[0078] The laser irradiation step (S400) is a step of melting and solidifying a magnetic material (1) placed flatly on a bed (100) by performing the aforementioned step. Through this, the solidified magnetic material (1) can be stacked and a product can be manufactured.

[0079] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described in relation to specific embodiments, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified and changed in various ways without departing from the technical spirit of the invention as provided by the following claims. Explanation of the symbols

[0080] 1 : magnetic materials 10 : sleeve 20 : guide 100 : bed 110 : base 120 : protective frame 200 : Is it a magnetic field? 210 : base frame 220 : Magnetic field generating unit 230 : Magnetic field shielding 240 : Mobile unit 241 : slider 242 : rail 300 : feeder 310 : Removal part 400 : Blade 500 : Scan section 600 : Laser irradiation unit

Claims

Claim 1 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus comprising: a bed on which a magnetic material is placed; a laser irradiation unit that irradiates a laser to solidify the magnetic material from the upper side of the bed; a blade that moves from one side of the bed to the other side and flattens the magnetic material; and a magnetic field application unit located around the perimeter of the bed, which, when power is supplied, applies a magnetic field to the magnetic material in a direction other than the upper side so that the magnetic material is positioned in the space between the magnetic materials. Claim 2 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field applying part is arranged in a manner that surrounds at least a portion of the bed. Claim 3 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field application unit is located on the lower side of the bed and the strength of the magnetic field can be changed according to the application of power. Claim 4 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field applying unit is composed of a plurality of units, and the plurality of magnetic field applying units are each spaced apart and arranged to surround the bed, and each of the magnetic field applying units can operate independently. Claim 5 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bed further comprises a base that supports the magnetic material from below and can be raised or lowered, and the magnetic field applying member applies a magnetic field of strength inversely proportional to the length between the bottom and the surface of the base where the magnetic material is located. Claim 6 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field applying part further includes a moving part that moves along a direction not identical to the height direction of the bed, and moves along the moving part and can apply a magnetic field to the magnetic material. Claim 7 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic field application unit comprises a magnetic field generating unit connected to the moving unit and forming a magnetic field when power is supplied, and a magnetic field shielding unit arranged to surround at least a part of the magnetic field generating unit and shield the magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating unit is applied to a part not surrounded by the magnetic field shielding unit. Claim 8 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the moving part comprises a rail and a slider that moves along the rail. Claim 9 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it may further include a scanner for measuring the flatness of the magnetic material on the upper side of the bed. Claim 10 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blade includes a removal part that removes the magnetic material by applying an attractive force to the magnetic material, thereby removing a portion of the magnetic material and flattening the magnetic material. Claim 11 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method comprising: a placement step of placing a magnetic material on a bed; a blade operation step of operating a blade located on one side of the bed, moving while maintaining a height set from one side to the other, and contacting the magnetic material to flatten the magnetic material; and a magnetic field application step of operating a magnetic field application unit located around the perimeter of the bed, which, when power is supplied, applies a magnetic field to the magnetic material so that the magnetic material is positioned in the space between the magnetic materials. Claim 12 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to claim 11, characterized in that, in the magnetic field application step, the magnetic field application part is arranged in a manner that surrounds at least a part of the bed. Claim 13 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein in the magnetic field application step, the magnetic field application part is located on the lower side of the bed, and the strength of the magnetic field can be changed according to the application of power. Claim 14 A three-dimensional additive manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the bed further comprises a base that supports the magnetic material from below and can be raised or lowered, and in the magnetic field application step, the magnetic field application part applies a magnetic field of strength inversely proportional to the length between the bottom and the surface of the base where the magnetic material is located.

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