IoT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD BASED ON NFC AND LoRa

Abstract

The present invention relates to an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method, and more specifically, to an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method that combines NFC and LoRa technologies to achieve the convergence of short-range and long-range communication and resolve the problem of imbalance between communication range and environment. To this end, the present invention comprises: a plurality of sensors capable of collecting real-time data through IoT communication; a microcontroller that processes data received from the sensors; an NFC module that temporarily stores data processed by the microcontroller in an NFC tag; a LoRa module that reads data from the NFC tag; a LoRa gateway that receives and stores data from the LoRa module; and an IoT cloud platform that performs decompression and storage of data received from the LoRa gateway; wherein the NFC tag acts as a data storage medium for short-range communication, enabling rapid data writing and reading between the microcontroller and the LoRa module.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method, and more specifically, to an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method that combines NFC and LoRa technologies to achieve the convergence of short-range and long-range communication and resolve the problem of imbalance between communication range and environment. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought great potential for innovation and application in various fields, such as smart homes, industrial automation, and smart agriculture.

[0003] In these application scenarios, efficient communication between IoT devices is important, and through efficient communication technology, IoT devices can implement real-time data transmission, remote monitoring, and automated operation.

[0004] However, IoT devices generally operate in resource-constrained environments and face issues such as power consumption, communication range, and data throughput.

[0005] Meanwhile, NFC (Near Field Communication) is a short-range wireless communication technology that is widely used in applications such as device authentication, data reading, and writing due to its low power consumption, high security, and convenient interaction.

[0006] However, the communication range of NFC is limited to a few centimeters to tens of centimeters, which significantly restricts its application in the extensive environment of IoT.

[0007] On the other hand, LoRa (Low-power wide area network technology) is suitable for wide-range IoT communication due to its long distances and low power consumption, but it is limited in applications with high real-time requirements due to low data transmission speeds and latency issues.

[0008] Despite the advantages of these NFC and LoRa technologies, there is no efficient communication solution to combine these two technologies in IoT systems.

[0009] Conventional technologies tend to focus on a single communication method that cannot provide long-distance data transmission while satisfying the need for proximity interaction. Furthermore, the balance between NFC and LoRa technologies in terms of power consumption, communication range, and data throughput has not yet been effectively resolved, and achieving seamless transition and collaboration between the two, particularly in terms of resources, remains a challenge. Prior art literature

[0010] Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1975537 (April 29, 2019) The problem to be solved

[0011] The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method capable of designing an optimized IoT communication system based on the combination of NFC and LoRa technologies.

[0012] Furthermore, the purpose is to provide an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method suitable for application scenarios requiring remote monitoring, which enables short-range data collection capable of optimizing and improving system power consumption and communication efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the purpose is to provide an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method that verifies the efficiency and practicality of the NFC and LoRa combination method in IoT through significant power savings and improved communication performance.

[0015] In addition, other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described below, and it should be noted that they will be encompassed to a broader extent by means and combinations within the scope that can be easily derived from the matters described in the claims of the present invention and the disclosure of the embodiments thereof. means of solving the problem

[0016] The present invention for achieving the above objective comprises: a plurality of sensors capable of collecting real-time data through IoT communication; a microcontroller that processes data received from the sensors; an NFC module that temporarily stores data processed by the microcontroller in an NFC tag; a LoRa module that reads data from the NFC tag; a LoRa gateway that receives and stores data from the LoRa module; and an IoT cloud platform that performs decompression and storage of data received from the LoRa gateway; wherein the NFC tag acts as a data storage medium for short-range communication, enabling rapid data writing and reading between the microcontroller and the LoRa module.

[0017] And according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller calculates a rate of change using Algorithm A, which is an adaptive data collection and transmission frequency control algorithm, and adjusts the transmission frequency of the collected data based on the rate of change, and writes the data to the NFC tag.

[0018] In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LoRa module is characterized by compressing and aggregating data using Algorithm B, which is a compression and aggregation transmission algorithm, and configuring a data packet having an error detection function using Algorithm C, which is a data packet loss detection and retransmission algorithm.

[0019] The present invention, for achieving the above objective, is a communication method using the aforementioned NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system, comprising: a step of collecting and processing data collected from the sensor in the microcontroller; a step of writing data processed by Algorithm A, which is an adaptive data collection and transmission frequency control algorithm in the microcontroller, to the NFC tag; a step of the LoRa module reading data from the NFC tag; a step of the LoRa module compressing and aggregating the data using Algorithm B, which is a compression and aggregation transmission algorithm, and constructing a data packet using Algorithm C, which is a data packet loss detection and retransmission algorithm; a step of transmitting the data packet from the LoRa module to the IoT cloud platform through the LoRa gateway; and a step of checking the validity of the received data in the IoT cloud platform, and if there are no errors, decompressing and storing it.

[0020] In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the algorithm A comprises data (S) at time t. t Collect ) and the rate of change of data at the above t (ΔS t By finding ), Defined as, and the above algorithm B generates a data packet using differential codes and data aggregation, wherein as a differential code, It is defined as, and the data aggregation formula is, It is defined as such, and the algorithm C integrates a sequence number and a checksum into the data packet, wherein the packet structure is defined as Packet = { Seq_Num, Data, Checksum} and the checksum is defined as Checksum = CRC(Seq_Num ∥Data). Effects of the invention

[0021] As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be expected.

[0022] By integrating adaptive algorithms for transmission frequency control, data compression, and packet loss detection, it is effective in optimizing performance in constrained IoT environments.

[0023] In other words, through an efficient IoT communication model based on the integration of NFC and LoRa technologies, there is an effect of improving data transmission efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing reliability of IoT systems.

[0024] Furthermore, significant power savings and improved communication performance enable the provision of new solutions for future applications, such as smart cities, industrial IoT, and smart agriculture, as well as for home IoT systems.

[0026] In addition, it should be noted that other effects of the present invention will be encompassed to a broader extent by the embodiments described above and the matters described in the claims of the present invention, as well as by effects that can be easily derived from them and potential advantages that contribute to industrial development. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0027] FIG. 1 is a diagram briefly illustrating an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention. FIG. 2a is a diagram briefly illustrating the flow of NFC tag writing in an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention. FIG. 2b is a diagram briefly illustrating the flow of LoRa communication in an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a communication method using an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0028] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to the description, the advantages and features of the present invention and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the attached drawings. Furthermore, it should be noted that the terms used in this specification are for describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention; that singular forms of such terms include plural forms unless specifically stated otherwise in the text, and that words indicating direction in the description are intended to aid in understanding the description and may change depending on the context.

[0030] Hereinafter, an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system and method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. FIG. 1 is a simplified drawing of an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention, FIG. 2a is a simplified drawing of the flow of NFC tag writing in an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2b is a simplified drawing of the flow of LoRa communication in an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention.

[0031] Referring to the drawings, the NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention includes a plurality of sensors (10), a microcontroller (20), an NFC module (30), a LoRa module (40), a LoRa gateway (50), and an IoT cloud platform (60).

[0032] First, FIG. 1 shows the structure of a communication system according to the present invention, comprising a data acquisition layer in which a sensor (10) connected to a microcontroller (20) collects data, a data processing layer in which the microcontroller (20) processes raw sensor data by applying algorithms for frequency adjustment, data compression, and error detection before writing the processed data to an NFC tag (35), a data transmission layer in which a LoRa module (40) reads data from an NFC tag (35) and transmits it over a long distance to a LoRa gateway (50), and a data reception and storage layer in which the LoRa gateway (50) receives data and transmits it to an IoT cloud platform (60) so that the data is stored and further analyzed.

[0034] The sensor (10) collects data in real time through IoT communication.

[0035] The sensor (10) may be a smart home device, and this refers to a light sensor, air quality sensor, security sensor, motion detection sensor, home appliance, etc. installed in the home.

[0036] These sensors (10) collect data in real time, and the collected data (S t ) is transmitted to the microcontroller (20).

[0038] Next, the microcontroller (20) processes the data received from the sensor (10).

[0039] The microcontroller (20) calculates the rate of change using algorithm A, adjusts the transmission frequency of the collected data based on the calculated rate of change, and writes the data to the NFC tag (35).

[0040] Here, Algorithm A is an Adaptive Data Acquisition and Transmission Frequency Control Algorithm that dynamically adjusts the data acquisition and transmission frequency according to the rate of change of data received from the sensor (10).

[0041] In other words, the frequency can be increased during significant data changes to ensure real-time monitoring, and reduced during stable periods to conserve energy.

[0042] This rate of change in data (ΔS t ) is defined by the following formula.

[0043]

[0044] Here, time t is used to track the time series of data collections and to check whether each collection has a corresponding timestamp.

[0045] And to help Algorithm A determine whether the collection frequency needs to be adjusted, S calculates the degree of data variability. t and S t-1 This is used.

[0046] Also, ΔS t represents the rate of change of data at time t, that is, the absolute difference between the current data and the previous data.

[0047] And data collection frequency for frequency adjustment (f t ) is defined by the following formula.

[0048]

[0049] Here, θ Δ is a predefined threshold value set to evaluate significant changes.

[0050] For implementation, it is divided into initialization and a data acquisition loop.

[0051] The initialization phase includes the maximum frequency (f max ), minimum frequency(f min ), and threshold (θ Δ After setting ), the previous data value (S t-1 Initializes ).

[0052] In the data collection loop, the current data (S t ) is collected, and the rate of change (ΔS t ) is calculated.

[0053] Therefore, the rate of change (ΔS t ) and threshold (θ Δ Data collection frequency (f) based on ) t ) is adjusted, and previous data(S t-1 ) is current data(S t It is updated to ), and the system is adjusted data collection frequency (f t It waits for the next acquisition cycle determined by ).

[0054] In this way, the microcontroller (20) uses algorithm A to obtain data (S t Process ) and the data change rate (ΔS t Calculates ), and data collection frequency (f t Adjusts ).

[0056] Next, the NFC module (30) temporarily stores the data processed by the microcontroller (20) in the NFC tag (35).

[0057] That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2a, the writing process to the NFC tag (35) involves the microcontroller (20) collecting data from the sensor (10) through algorithm A, communicating with the NFC module (30), and storing the data in the NFC tag (35).

[0058] The NFC tag (35) serves as a data storage medium for short-range communication, enabling rapid data writing and reading between the microcontroller (20) and the LoRa module (40).

[0059] In this way, the NFC module (30) has data (S t ) is written to the NFC tag (35) using the standard NFC protocol, and multiple data points are stored in the NFC tag (35) to form a data queue.

[0061] Next, the LoRa module (40) reads data from the NFC tag (35).

[0062] As shown in FIG. 2b, this LoRa module (40) compresses and aggregates data using algorithm B and constructs a data packet with an error detection function using algorithm C.

[0063] Here, Algorithm B is a Compression and Aggregation Transmission algorithm that can reduce the amount of transmitted data by compressing and aggregating multiple data points.

[0064] In other words, Algorithm B uses differential encoding and data aggregation to generate a compact data packet.

[0065] This differential code (D) is defined by the following formula.

[0066]

[0067] And the data aggregation formula is defined by the following equation.

[0068]

[0069] Here, N is the amount of differential data points to be aggregated.

[0070] The packet (P) consists of N differential data points from time t-N+1 to t and an initial value (S t-N) is included so that the complete data sequence can be restored from the receiver, i.e., the IoT cloud platform (60) in the present invention.

[0071] Initial value (S t-N ) is stored to reconstruct the original data at the receiver.

[0072] As a subsequent step, N data points are collected from the NFC tag (35), and the difference value (D t Performs compression by calculating ).

[0073] Next, (S t-N A packet (P) is formed by combining the ) and the differential sequence, and this packet is transmitted through the LoRa module (30).

[0074] Finally, at the receiver (S t-N Decompression is performed using ) and Dt to obtain the original data (S t ) will be reconstructed.

[0075] Furthermore, Algorithm C is a Data Packet Loss Detection and Retransmission algorithm that can improve data transmission reliability by integrating sequence numbers and checksums into data packets.

[0076] Through this algorithm C, the receiver can detect missing or damaged packets and request retransmission.

[0077] The packet structure is defined by the following formula.

[0078] Packet = { Seq_Num, Data, Checksum}

[0079] Here, Seq_Num represents a sequence number, which is an integer value used to uniquely identify each data packet.

[0080] This helps the receiver detect lost or out-of-order packets.

[0081] Data is the actual content to be transmitted, such as sensor measurements, and checksums are used to verify the integrity of data packets and detect errors that may occur during transmission.

[0082] The calculation of the checksum is defined by the following formula.

[0083] Checksum = CRC(Seq_Num ∥Data)

[0084] Here, CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check, which is used to calculate a checksum based on input data and can detect data transmission errors.

[0085] '∥' represents a connection, meaning that Seq_Num and Data are connected together to form a single input for the CRC function.

[0086] As a subsequent step, the transmitting side assigns a sequence number to each packet and calculates a checksum using CRC.

[0087] Next, a packet is constructed and transmitted, and the receiver checks the continuity of the sequence numbers and calculates and compares the checksum.

[0088] If a discrepancy is detected, the receiver requests retransmission by specifying the missing sequence number, and during retransmission, the sender resends the requested packet to ensure data integrity.

[0089] In this way, the LoRa module (30) is equipped with an NFC reader to read NFC data, and the reading is performed at an optimized interval for energy efficiency and data timeliness.

[0090] That is, data is compressed using Algorithm B, i.e., differential encoding, and a data packet containing an initial value and a difference sequence is formed.

[0091] In packet construction using Algorithm C, a sequence number is assigned and a checksum is calculated.

[0092] The final packet includes all necessary headers and payloads, and the packet is transmitted through the LoRa network.

[0094] Next, the LoRa gateway (50) receives and stores data from the LoRa module (40) and transmits the data to the IoT cloud platform (60) via the internet.

[0095] Due to the long-distance communication function of LoRa according to the present invention, data transmission over several kilometers becomes possible.

[0097] The IoT cloud platform (60) performs decompression and storage of data received from the LoRa gateway (50).

[0098] The IoT cloud platform (60) checks the sequence number for continuity and recalculates the checksum to check data integrity.

[0099] When an error is detected, the IoT cloud platform (60) sends a retransmission request to the sensor (10) via the LoRa network.

[0100] On the other hand, when data is successfully received, the IoT cloud platform (60) uses an initial value and a differential sequence to decompress the data and reconstruct the original data.

[0102] Hereinafter, we examine the NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication method according to the present invention. Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a communication method using an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to the present invention.

[0103] Referring to the drawings, data is first collected from the sensor (10) (S1).

[0104] Next, the microcontroller (20) collects and processes data collected from the sensor (10) (S3).

[0105] That is, as described above, the microcontroller (20) uses Algorithm A, which is an adaptive data collection and transmission frequency control algorithm, to collect and process data and adjust the transmission frequency.

[0106] Next, the microcontroller (20) writes the processed data to the NFC tag (35) (S5), and the LoRa module (40) reads the data from the NFC tag (35) (S7).

[0107] At this time, the LoRa module (40) compresses and aggregates data using algorithm B, which is a compression and aggregation transmission algorithm, and constructs a data packet using algorithm C, which is a data packet loss detection and retransmission algorithm (S9).

[0108] Next, the LoRa module (40) transmits a data packet to the LoRa gateway (50) (S11), and the LoRa gateway (50) receives the data and transmits it to the IoT cloud platform (60) (S13).

[0109] Next, the IoT cloud platform (60) checks the validity of the received data and, if an error occurs, requests the sensor (10) to resend the data (S15).

[0110] On the other hand, if there are no errors and reception is successful, the IoT cloud platform (60) decompresses and restores and saves the original sensor data (S17).

[0112] The foregoing description is merely an illustrative explanation of the technical concept of the present invention, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to make various modifications, changes, and substitutions within the scope of the essential characteristics of the present invention. Furthermore, as described above, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention and the accompanying drawings are intended to explain, not limit, the technical concept of the present invention, and the scope of the technical concept of the present invention is not limited by such embodiments and accompanying drawings. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical concepts within an equivalent scope shall be interpreted as being included within the scope of rights of the present invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0113] 10; sensor 20; Microcontroller 30; NFC module 35; NFC tag 40; LoRa module 50; LoRa Gateway 60; IoT cloud platform

Claims

Claim 1 An NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system comprising: multiple sensors capable of collecting real-time data through IoT communication; a microcontroller that processes data received from the sensors; an NFC module that temporarily stores data processed by the microcontroller in an NFC tag; a LoRa module that reads data from the NFC tag; a LoRa gateway that receives and stores data from the LoRa module; and an IoT cloud platform that performs decompression and storage of data received from the LoRa gateway; wherein the NFC tag acts as a data storage medium for short-range communication, enabling rapid data writing and reading between the microcontroller and the LoRa module. Claim 2 An NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller calculates a rate of change using Algorithm A, which is an adaptive data collection and transmission frequency control algorithm, adjusts the transmission frequency of the collected data based on the rate of change, and writes the data to the NFC tag. Claim 3 An NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system according to claim 1, wherein the LoRa module compresses and aggregates data using Algorithm B, which is a compression and aggregation transmission algorithm, and constructs a data packet having an error detection function using Algorithm C, which is a data packet loss detection and retransmission algorithm. Claim 4 A communication method using an NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication system as described in claim 1 above, comprising: a step of collecting and processing data collected from a sensor in a microcontroller; a step of writing data processed by Algorithm A, which is an adaptive data collection and transmission frequency control algorithm in the microcontroller, to an NFC tag; a step of reading data from an NFC tag by a LoRa module; a step of compressing and aggregating the data using Algorithm B, which is a compression and aggregation transmission algorithm, and constructing a data packet using Algorithm C, which is a data packet loss detection and retransmission algorithm in the LoRa module; a step of transmitting the data packet from the LoRa module to an IoT cloud platform through a LoRa gateway; and a step of checking the validity of the received data in the IoT cloud platform, and if there are no errors, decompressing and storing it. Claim 5 In claim 1, the algorithm A comprises data (S at time t). t Collect ) and the rate of change of data at the above t (ΔS t By finding ), Defined as such, the above algorithm B generates a data packet (P) using a differential code (D) and data aggregation, wherein as a differential code, It is defined as, and the data aggregation formula is, An NFC and LoRa-based IoT communication method characterized by being defined as follows, wherein the algorithm C integrates a sequence number and a checksum into the data packet, the packet structure is defined as Packet = { Seq_Num, Data, Checksum}, and the checksum is defined as Checksum = CRC(Seq_Num ∥Data).

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