Porous base block, Structure for protecting embankment using the same and Construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a porous foundation block, a dike protection structure using the same, and a construction method thereof. The porous foundation block is positioned at the front and rear of the dike to support a dike pavement located on the upper surface of the dike, thereby preventing scouring of the ground in the front and rear directions of the dike. Furthermore, the invention relates to a porous foundation block, a dike protection structure using the same, and a construction method thereof, wherein a dike pavement having a uniform thickness can be easily manufactured by forming a dike pavement after installing the foundation block at the front and rear of the dike.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a porous foundation block, a dike protection structure using the same, and a construction method thereof. The porous foundation block is positioned at the front and rear of the dike to support a dike pavement located on the upper surface of the dike, thereby preventing scouring of the ground in the front and rear directions of the dike. Furthermore, the invention relates to a porous foundation block, a dike protection structure using the same, and a construction method thereof, wherein a dike pavement having a uniform thickness can be easily manufactured by forming a dike pavement after installing the foundation block at the front and rear of the dike. Background Technology

[0002] Embankments are structures built to prevent rivers or seawater from overflowing. However, as the frequency and intensity of torrential rains increase due to climate change, instances of river flow exceeding embankment heights and overflowing are becoming more frequent, leading to an increase in the scale of damage. Furthermore, along the coast, climate change is causing sea levels to rise and waves to become stronger, crashing up to higher elevations and continuously expanding erosion. Consequently, the lower sections of river bends or coastal slopes are scoured by water flow and wave forces, leading to the failure of the entire slope. Similarly, the back slopes of river or coastal embankments are also damaged by water flow forces during floods, causing the surface layer to be eroded and the lower sections to be scoured, resulting in reduced stability and ultimately leading to the collapse of the embankment. It is practically impossible to raise the height of the levee indefinitely to cope with flooding, and although a plan has been proposed to create a floodplain of a certain area and divert the river water by allowing it to overflow the levee, this can lead to the collapse of the levee due to slope and lower scouring caused by flooding, potentially causing very large damage.

[0003] Therefore, structures are being installed to protect embankments in rivers and coastal areas. Representative structures include those constructed by pouring concrete as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, structures constructed by stacking concrete blocks, and structures constructed using gabions. However, conventional structures have the problem of being easily damaged because they cannot withstand water flow and wave forces.

[0004] Accordingly, a method is being developed to construct a permeable structure by mixing a polymer binder and aggregate and curing it on-site, which replaces cement to promote eco-friendliness, mitigates impact from striking water by allowing water to permeate through its porous nature, and has few restrictions on the construction environment.

[0005] Representative examples of polymer binders for creating a permeable structure by binding the aggregates include polyurethane binders and epoxy binders as described in Non-Patent Literature 1 and 2. Among these, in the case of polyurethane binders for binding aggregates, commercially available products exist, and since the polyol, which is the main material constituting the polyurethane binder, can be extracted from plants such as castor beans to promote eco-friendliness, the technology of manufacturing a permeable structure by mixing and curing the polyurethane binder with aggregates has recently been gaining attention.

[0006] However, even in the conventional method of using permeable structures to protect embankments, there is room for improvement in the detailed composition and structure of said structures to effectively protect the slopes of the inner and outer areas, which have different impact mechanisms, and there is a need to improve the performance of the composition used to manufacture said permeable structures. Prior art literature

[0007] Japanese Patent: JP6808211 (Registered Dec. 11, 2020) "Method for constructing a reinforcing structure of an erosion control embankment" European Patent: EP1356165 (Registered Oct. 06, 2004) "METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BLOCK OF REINFORCED EMBANKMENT" US Patent: US11802389 (Registered Oct. 31, 2023) "Ecological seawall water close side embankment slope drainage structure and construction method thereof"

[0008] Paper: International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Yanqi Wang et al., "Effect of binder-aggregate ratio on the mechanical and functional properties of porous polyurethane cement mixture", volume 23, 2022 - issue 14, pages 5101-5117 Paper: Construction and Building Materials, Xiaoqing Wang et al., "Properties of epoxy-resin binders and feasibility of their application in pavement mixtures", Volume 295, 9 August 2021, 123531 The problem to be solved

[0009] The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems,

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a porous foundation block that is positioned at the front and rear of an embankment to support an embankment pavement located on the upper surface of the embankment and to prevent scouring of the ground in the front-rear direction of the embankment, an embankment protection structure using the same, and a method for constructing the same.

[0011] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a porous foundation block that allows for the easy manufacture of a levee pavement having a uniform thickness by installing the foundation block at the front and rear of the levee and then forming the levee pavement, a levee protection structure utilizing the same, and a method for constructing the same.

[0012] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a porous foundation block that effectively prevents the ground in front of the embankment from being scoured by having a front foundation block that has porosity so that water is permeable and thus attenuated reflected waves are formed, and the front surface of the front foundation block has a shape that slopes backward as it goes toward the upper surface so that water rushing toward the embankment hits the flat surface at an angle to reduce reflected waves, and a construction method thereof.

[0013] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a porous foundation block, a dike protection structure utilizing the same, and a method of constructing the same, wherein the rear foundation block has porosity to allow water to permeate, thereby reducing the velocity of water overflowing the dike, and the upper surface of the rear foundation block slopes upward toward the rear, further reducing the velocity of water overflowing the dike at the upper surface, so as to effectively prevent scouring of the ground behind the dike. means of solving the problem

[0014] The present invention is implemented by an embodiment having the following configuration to achieve the aforementioned objective.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the porous foundation block according to the present invention is characterized by including a front foundation block that is located in front of the embankment, supports the lower front side of the embankment pavement formed on the upper side of the embankment, and reduces reflected waves by colliding with water rushing toward the embankment.

[0016] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the porous foundation block according to the present invention is characterized by additionally including a rear foundation block located at the rear of the embankment, which supports the lower rear side of the embankment pavement and reduces the velocity of water overflowing the embankment.

[0017] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the porous foundation block according to the present invention is characterized in that the front foundation block comprises a body portion and a pavement support portion that protrudes from the front of the upper surface of the body portion and supports the lower front side of the embankment pavement.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the porous base block according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a first connecting support member protruding from the front of one side of the body part and supporting a second connecting support member of another front base block, and a second connecting support member protruding from the rear of the other side of the body part and supporting a first connecting support member of another front base block.

[0019] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the porous foundation block according to the present invention is characterized in that the front surface of the front foundation block slopes toward the rear as it extends upward.

[0020] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the porous foundation block according to the present invention is characterized in that the body portion includes an insertion hole formed to penetrate vertically and into which a pile is inserted.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a porous foundation block according to the present invention, the lower front side of the embankment pavement is characterized by being located on the upper surface of the body part and the rear surface of the pavement support part.

[0022] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a porous foundation block according to the present invention, the rear foundation block comprises a body portion, a rear support portion protruding from the rear of the upper surface of the body portion to support the lower rear side of the embankment pavement, a first protruding support portion protruding from the front of one side of the body portion to support a second protruding support portion of another rear foundation block, and a second protruding support portion protruding from the rear of the other side of the body portion to support a first protruding support portion of another rear foundation block, wherein the lower rear side of the embankment pavement is located on the upper surface of the body portion and the front of the rear support portion, and the upper surface of the rear support portion slopes upward toward the rear.

[0023] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a porous base block according to the present invention is manufactured by curing a permeable structural composition, wherein the permeable structural composition comprises a polyurethane binder containing biochar and an aggregate.

[0024] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a porous base block according to the present invention, the biochar is used in the form of a composite, and the composite is characterized by being prepared by reacting biochar, nanodiamond, glyceryl tridodecanoate, trimethoxyvinylsilane, and dimethylstyrene.

[0025] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a porous foundation block according to the present invention is manufactured by filling a mold having an internal space corresponding to the shape of the foundation block with a permeable structural composition and curing it, and the foundation block is characterized by including a front foundation block that is located in front of the embankment, supports the lower front side of an embankment pavement formed on the upper side of the embankment, and reduces reflected waves by colliding with water rushing toward the embankment.

[0026] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a porous base block according to the present invention is characterized by assembling plastic accessories and positioning them inside a metal case to form a molding die having an internal space corresponding to the shape of the base block to be molded.

[0027] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a porous foundation block according to the present invention is characterized by additionally including a rear foundation block located behind the embankment, which supports the lower rear side of the embankment pavement and reduces the velocity of water overflowing the embankment.

[0028] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a method for manufacturing a porous base block according to the present invention, the permeable structural composition is characterized by comprising a polyurethane binder containing biochar and an aggregate.

[0029] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the embankment protection structure according to the present invention comprises a porous foundation block located at the front and rear of the embankment to support the embankment pavement and prevent the ground from being scoured, and an embankment pavement formed on the upper side of the embankment and supported by the foundation block, wherein the foundation block is located at the front of the embankment and includes a front foundation block that supports the lower front side of the embankment pavement and reduces reflected waves by colliding with water rushing toward the embankment.

[0030] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the embankment protection structure according to the present invention is characterized by further including a rear foundation block located at the rear of the embankment, which supports the lower rear side of the embankment pavement and reduces the velocity of water overflowing the embankment.

[0031] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a dike protection structure according to the present invention, the dike paving layer is manufactured by curing a permeable structural composition, and the permeable structural composition is characterized by comprising a polyurethane binder containing biochar and an aggregate.

[0032] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for constructing a dike protection structure according to the present invention comprises the steps of installing a front foundation block in front of the dike and installing a rear foundation block in rear of the dike, and after the foundation blocks, applying and curing a permeable paving composition on the upper side of the dike, wherein the front foundation block supports the lower front side of the dike paving and reduces reflected waves by colliding with water rushing toward the dike.

[0033] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a method for constructing a dike protection structure according to the present invention, the rear foundation block supports the rear lower end of the dike pavement and reduces the speed of water overflowing the dike.

[0034] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a method for constructing a dike protection structure according to the present invention, the front foundation block comprises a body portion and a pavement support portion protruding from the front of the upper surface of the body portion and supporting the lower front side of the dike pavement, and the rear foundation block comprises a body portion and a rear support portion protruding from the rear of the upper surface of the body portion and supporting the lower rear side of the dike pavement, and the permeable pavement composition is applied such that, in the front of the dike, the permeable pavement composition is positioned on the upper surface of the body portion and the rear side of the pavement support portion, and in the rear of the dike, the permeable pavement composition is positioned on the upper surface of the body portion and the front side of the rear support portion. Effects of the invention

[0035] The present invention can achieve the following effects through the combination and usage relationship of the embodiments described above and the configuration described below.

[0036] The present invention has the effect of preventing scouring of the ground in the front and rear directions of the embankment by having porous foundation blocks positioned at the front and rear of the embankment to support an embankment pavement located on the upper surface of the embankment.

[0037] In addition, the present invention has the effect of easily manufacturing a levee pavement having a uniform thickness by installing foundation blocks at the front and rear of the levee and then forming the levee pavement.

[0038] In addition, the present invention has the effect of preventing the ground in front of the embankment from being scoured, as the front foundation block has porosity so that water is permeable and thus attenuated reflected waves are formed, and the front surface of the front foundation block has a shape that slopes backward as it goes toward the upper surface, so that water rushing toward the embankment hits the plane at an angle and reduces reflected waves.

[0039] In addition, the present invention has the effect of preventing scouring of the ground behind the embankment by having a rear foundation block that is porous and permeable to water, thereby reducing the speed of water overflowing the embankment, and having an upper surface of the rear foundation block that slopes upward toward the rear, further reducing the speed of water overflowing the embankment at the upper surface. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0040] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dike protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a front foundation block of an embankment protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a reference diagram for explaining the connection relationship of the front foundation blocks of a dike protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rear foundation block of an embankment protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a reference diagram for explaining the connection relationship of the rear foundation blocks of a dike protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a reference diagram for explaining a method for manufacturing a front foundation block of an embankment protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a molding die used in a method for manufacturing a front foundation block of an embankment protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 8 and 9 are reference drawings for explaining a method of constructing an embankment protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a permeable structural composition used in manufacturing a dike protection structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is a photograph showing the permeability test results of a permeable structure manufactured using a permeable structure composition manufactured by the manufacturing method of Figure 10. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0041] Hereinafter, a porous foundation block according to the present invention, a dike protection structure using the same, and a construction method thereof will be described with reference to the attached drawings. Unless otherwise specifically defined, all terms in this specification have the same general meaning as understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, and if there is a conflict with the meaning of a term used in this specification, the definition used in this specification shall prevail. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of known functions and configurations that may unnecessarily obscure the essence of the present invention are omitted. Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "comprising" a certain component, unless specifically stated otherwise, this means that it does not exclude other components but may include additional components.

[0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a front foundation block of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a reference diagram for explaining the connection relationship of a front foundation block of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rear foundation block of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a reference diagram for explaining the connection relationship of a rear foundation block of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a reference diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a front foundation block of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a molding die used in the method of manufacturing a front foundation block of a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 and 9 are reference diagrams for explaining a method of constructing a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a permeable structural composition used in manufacturing a dike protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 11 is by the manufacturing method of FIG. 10 This is a photograph showing the results of a permeability test on a permeable structure manufactured using the manufactured permeable structure composition.

[0045] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 11, a levee protection structure for protecting a levee according to one embodiment of the present invention is described as follows: the levee protection structure is manufactured using a permeable structural composition and has porosity, and is characterized by comprising a porous foundation block (1) located at the front or / and rear of the levee (100) to support a levee pavement (2) to be described later and to prevent the ground (200, 300) from being scoured, a porous levee pavement (2) that covers the surface of the levee (100) and is supported by the foundation block (1), and a ground pavement (3) that covers the ground and is in contact with the rear surface of the foundation block (1) located at the rear of the levee (100). Before describing the above embankment protection structure, the above embankment (100) is described as being identical to a conventional embankment, made of soil, with slopes formed on the outer and inner sides, and the upper side located between the slopes forming a flat ground. The direction of the outer side of the above embankment (100) is referred to as the front direction, and the direction of the inner side of the embankment (200) is referred to as the rear direction.

[0046] The above-mentioned foundation block (1) is configured to be porous, located in front of or / and behind the embankment to support the embankment pavement (2) described later, and to prevent the ground from being scoured. It includes a front foundation block (11) located in front of the embankment (100) to support the front slope pavement (21) and to reduce reflected waves by colliding with water rushing toward the embankment (100) to prevent the ground (200) in front of the embankment (100) from being scoured, and a rear foundation block (12) located behind the embankment (100) to support the rear slope pavement (22) and to reduce the flow velocity of water flowing over the embankment to prevent the ground (300) behind the embankment (100) from being scoured.

[0047] The above-mentioned front foundation block (11) is positioned with a portion inserted into the ground (200) in front of the embankment (100) and supports the front slope pavement (21), and is configured to prevent the ground (200) in front of the embankment (100) from being scoured by reducing reflected waves that collide with water rushing toward the embankment (100). It includes a body part (11a), a pavement support part (11b) that protrudes from the upper front surface of the body part (11a) and supports the lower end of the front slope pavement (21), a first connecting support part (11c) that protrudes from the front of one side (right side) of the body part (11a) and supports the second connecting support part of another front foundation block, and a second connecting support part (11d) that protrudes from the rear of the other side (left side) of the body part (11a) and supports the first connecting support part of another front foundation block.

[0048] The body portion (11a) is configured to form the outer shape of the front foundation block (11) and has a certain shape, but preferably has a rectangular shape. The body portion (11a) includes an insertion hole (111) formed through from the upper surface to the lower surface, into which a pile (4) for fixing the front foundation block (11) to the ground is inserted.

[0049] The above-mentioned pavement support member (11b) is configured to protrude from the upper front surface of the body part (11a) and the upper surface of the first connecting support (11c) to support the lower end of the front slope pavement (21), and the lower end of the front slope pavement (21) is located on the upper surface of the body part (11a) and the rear surface of the pavement support member (11b) to prevent the front slope pavement (21) from flowing down toward the front of the embankment. The above-mentioned front slope pavement (21) is formed by applying a permeable structural composition, which will be described later, to the slope in front of the embankment and then curing it. However, if there is no front foundation block, the permeable structural composition may flow downward during the curing process, even if only a small amount is present, making it impossible to form the front slope pavement (21) with a uniform thickness. Therefore, the present invention can form the front slope pavement (21) with a uniform thickness by first installing the front foundation block (11) and then forming the front slope pavement (21). Additionally, after the front slope pavement (21) is formed, the front foundation block (11) supports the front slope pavement (21), thereby preventing the embankment protection structure from being deformed. In addition, unlike conventional foundation blocks where one side of the front foundation block (11) supports the front slope pavement, the lower end of the front slope pavement (21) is positioned on the upper surface of the body part (11a) and the rear surface of the pavement support part (11b), thereby reducing the force exerted by the front slope pavement (21) toward the front of the embankment, so that the embankment protection structure can be effectively prevented from deforming.

[0050] The first connecting support member (11c) and the second connecting support member (11d) are configured to firmly and integrally combine front foundation blocks that are overlapping in a lateral direction. The first connecting support member (11c) protrudes from the front of one side (right side) of the body part (11a) and supports the second connecting support member of another front foundation block that is overlapping in a lateral direction, and the second connecting support member (11d) protrudes from the rear of the other side (left side) of the body part (11a) and supports the first connecting support member of another front foundation block that is overlapping in a lateral direction.

[0051] The front surfaces of the body part (11a), the pavement support part (11b), and the first connecting part support part (11c) form the same plane, and the angle (a) formed between the plane and the lower surface of the body part (11a) is acute, preferably 45 to 80 degrees. That is, the plane has a shape that slopes backward as it goes toward the upper surface. Water rushing toward the embankment strikes the plane to form reflected waves, and since the front foundation block (11) is porous and water passes through it, attenuated reflected waves are formed, which can prevent the ground in front of the embankment from being scoured. In addition, the plane has a shape that slopes backward as it goes toward the upper surface, so water rushing toward the embankment strikes the plane at an angle, reducing reflected waves and making it more effective to prevent the ground (200) in front of the embankment from being scoured.

[0052] To explain the method of forming an integral structure by overlapping the aforementioned front foundation blocks in a lateral direction, when the front foundation blocks are overlapped in a lateral direction, the second connecting support member (11d') of the other front foundation block (11') is supported in contact with the right side of the body part (11a) of the first front foundation block (11) and the rear side of the first connecting support member (11c), and the second connecting support member (11d) of the first front foundation block (11) is supported in contact with the right side of the body part (11a) of the other front foundation block (11") and the rear side of the first connecting support member (11c), thereby forming an integral structure. At this time, when a pile (4) is inserted into the insertion hole (111) of each front foundation block, the integrally connected front foundation blocks are firmly fixed to the ground (200). Conventional porous foundation blocks are connected with flat surfaces facing each other. At this time, when an impact is applied to the porous foundation blocks, the porous foundation blocks The connection between them can be easily released, but in the case of the aforementioned front foundation block, the first connecting support and the second connecting support protruding from the body part are each supported by the second connecting support and the first connecting support of another front foundation block, respectively, so that the connection between the front foundation blocks is not easily released even when an impact is applied.

[0053] The rear foundation block (12) is positioned with a portion inserted into the ground (300) behind the embankment (100) and supports the rear slope pavement (22), and is configured to prevent the ground (300) behind the embankment (100) from being scoured by reducing the speed of water flowing over the embankment (100). It includes a body part (12a), a rear support part (12b) protruding from the rear of the upper surface of the body part (12a) to support the lower end of the rear slope pavement (22), a first protruding support part (12c) protruding from the front of one side (right side) of the body part (12a) to support the second protruding support part of another rear foundation block, and a second protruding support part (12d) protruding from the rear of the other side (left side) of the body part (12a) to support the first protruding support part of another rear foundation block.

[0054] The body portion (12a) is configured to form the outer shape of the rear foundation block (12) and has a certain shape, but preferably has a rectangular shape. The body portion (12a) includes a through hole (121) formed through from the upper surface to the lower surface, into which a pile (4) is inserted to fix the rear foundation block (11) to the ground (300).

[0055] The rear support member (12b) is configured to protrude from the rear upper surface of the body member (12a) and the upper surface of the second protruding support member (12d) to support the lower end of the rear slope pavement (22), and the lower end of the rear slope pavement (22) is positioned on the upper surface of the body member (12a) and the front of the rear support member (12b) to prevent the rear slope pavement (22) from flowing down toward the rear of the embankment. The rear slope pavement (22) is formed by applying a permeable structural composition, which will be described later, to the slope behind the embankment and then curing it. In the absence of the rear foundation block, the permeable structural composition may flow downward during the curing process, even if only a small amount is present, making it impossible to form a rear slope pavement (22) with a uniform thickness. Therefore, the present invention allows for the formation of a rear slope pavement (22) with a uniform thickness by first installing the rear foundation block (12) and then forming the rear slope pavement (22). Additionally, after the rear slope pavement (22) is formed, the rear foundation block (12) supports the rear slope pavement (22), thereby preventing the embankment protection structure from being deformed. In addition, the lower end of the rear foundation block (12) is positioned on the upper surface of the body part (12a) and the front of the rear support part (12b), thereby reducing the force exerted by the rear slope pavement (22) on the rear of the embankment, so that the embankment protection structure can be effectively prevented from deforming.

[0056] The upper surface of the rear support member (12b) is characterized by being inclined upward toward the rear. When water overflows the embankment, the flow velocity of the water increases due to gravity, causing a significant impact on the ground (300) behind the embankment. In particular, the frequency of water overflowing the embankment has increased due to sudden increases in precipitation caused by weather anomalies that were previously unforeseen, and the amount of water overflowing the embankment has also increased, further increasing the need to protect the ground behind the embankment. Therefore, the rear foundation block (12) has porosity so that water permeates it, thereby reducing the velocity of the water overflowing the embankment and preventing scouring of the ground behind the embankment. Additionally, the upper surface of the rear support member (12b) is shaped to be inclined upward toward the rear, so the velocity of the water overflowing the embankment is further reduced on the upper surface of the rear support member (12b), thereby more effectively preventing scouring of the ground (300) behind the embankment.

[0057] The first protruding support member (12c) and the second protruding support member (12d) are configured to firmly and integrally combine rear foundation blocks that are stacked consecutively in a lateral direction. The first protruding support member (12c) protrudes from the front of one side (right side) of the body part (12a) and supports the second protruding support member of another rear foundation block that is stacked consecutively, and the second protruding support member (12d) protrudes from the rear of the other side (left side) of the body part (12a) and supports the first protruding support member of another rear foundation block that is stacked consecutively.

[0058] To explain the method of forming an integral structure by overlapping the rear foundation blocks in a lateral direction, when the rear foundation blocks are overlapped in a lateral direction, the second protruding support part (12d') of the other rear foundation block (12') is supported in contact with the right side of the body part (12a) of the first rear foundation block (12) and the rear side of the first protruding support part (12c), and the second protruding support part (12d) of the first rear foundation block (12) is supported in contact with the right side of the body part (12a) of the other rear foundation block (12) and the rear side of the first protruding support part (12c), thereby forming an integral structure. At this time, when a pile (4) is inserted into the through hole (121) of each rear foundation block, the integrally connected rear foundation blocks are firmly fixed to the ground (300). In the case of the rear foundation block, the first protruding support part and the second protruding support part protruding from the body part are each connected to the second protruding support part of the other rear foundation block. Each of the first protruding support members is supported, so that the connection between the rear foundation blocks is not easily released even when an impact is applied.

[0059] The above embankment paving body (2) has porosity and is configured to protect the embankment by being located on the upper side of the embankment (100), and is formed by applying and curing the above permeable structural composition on the upper surface of the embankment.

[0060] The above embankment pavement (2) includes a front slope pavement (21) located on the upper side of the slope in front of the embankment (100) to protect the slope in front of the embankment and having its lower end supported by the front foundation block (11); a rear slope pavement (22) located on the upper side of the slope in rear of the embankment (100) to protect the slope in rear of the embankment and having its lower end supported by the rear foundation block (12); and an upper pavement (23) that protects the upper side located between the front and rear slopes of the embankment and extends to the front slope pavement (21) and the rear slope pavement (22).

[0061] The above-mentioned front slope pavement (21) is positioned on the upper side of the slope in front of the embankment (100) to protect the slope in front of the embankment, and is configured such that its lower end is supported by the front foundation block (11). It is formed by applying the permeable pavement composition to the upper side of the slope in front of the embankment and then curing it to have porosity. Since the above-mentioned front slope pavement (21) has porosity, water flowing upward along the above-mentioned front slope pavement (21) permeates, reducing its speed and preventing the slope in front of the embankment from collapsing.

[0062] The rear slope pavement (22) is positioned on the upper side of the slope behind the embankment (100) to protect the slope behind the embankment, and is configured such that its lower end is supported by the rear foundation block (12). It is formed by applying the permeable pavement composition to the upper side of the slope behind the embankment and then curing it to have porosity. Since the rear slope pavement (22) has porosity, water flowing downward along the rear slope pavement (22) permeates, reducing its speed to a certain degree, thereby preventing the slope behind the embankment from collapsing.

[0063] The upper pavement (23) protects the upper portion located between the front and rear slopes of the embankment and is configured to extend to the front slope pavement (21) and the rear slope pavement (22). It is formed by applying the permeable pavement composition to the upper portion located between the front slope and the rear slope of the embankment and then curing it to have porosity. Since the upper pavement has porosity, water flowing along the upper pavement (23) permeates, reducing its speed and preventing the upper portion of the embankment from collapsing. Since the upper portion of the embankment is formed as a flat surface and used as a road for vehicles or a sidewalk for people, the upper pavement is formed on the upper portion of the embankment using the permeable pavement composition, thereby allowing the function of the road or sidewalk to be maintained for a long time.

[0064] The above ground paving body (3) is configured to cover the ground by contacting the rear side of the foundation block (1) located behind the embankment (100), so that the flow velocity of water flowing over the embankment is reduced by the rear foundation block (12), and the water flowing over the rear foundation block (12) comes into contact with the ground paving body (3), thereby enabling more effective protection of the ground behind the embankment (100).

[0065] A crushed stone layer (5) may be formed between the above embankment (100) and the above embankment pavement (2). At this time, it is possible to first install the base block (1), apply crushed stone to the upper surface of the embankment to form the crushed stone layer (5), and then apply a permeable pavement composition to the upper surface of the crushed stone layer and harden it to form a porous embankment pavement (2).

[0067] A method for manufacturing a base block according to another embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The method for manufacturing a base block comprises a molding mold preparation step of preparing a molding mold (400) having an internal space corresponding to the shape of the base block, a filling step of filling the permeable structural composition (500) into the molding mold (400) prepared in the molding mold preparation step, a curing step of curing the permeable structural composition after filling the permeable structural composition into the molding mold (400), and a demolding step of obtaining the base block (1) by demolding after the curing step.

[0068] The above mold preparation step is a step of preparing a mold (400) having an internal space corresponding to the shape of the base block. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, an accessory (410) made of a plastic material (e.g., polyethylene may be used) can be assembled and placed inside a metal case (420) to manufacture a mold (400) having an internal space corresponding to the shape of the base block to be molded as shown in FIG. 6 (a). As shown in FIG. 7, any one of accessories 410a, 410b, and 410c can be used. If accessory 410a is used, a base block (11) having a thickness of 3T can be manufactured; if accessory 410b is used, a base block (11) having a thickness of 2T can be manufactured; and if accessory 410c is used, a base block (11) having a thickness of 1T can be manufactured. That is, a foundation block having a front-rear direction width of the upper surface of the body part that matches the thickness of the above embankment pavement (2) can be easily manufactured.

[0069] The filling step is a step of filling the permeable structure composition (500) into the mold (400) prepared in the mold preparation step as illustrated in FIG. 6 (b), and the permeable structure composition used is the permeable structure composition described later.

[0070] The above curing step is a step of curing the permeable structure composition after filling the inside of the mold (400), and heating may be performed to promote curing.

[0071] The above demolding step is a demolding step in which the base block (1) is obtained by demolding after the curing step, as shown in (c) of FIG. 6. FIGS. 6 and 7 are drawings based on manufacturing a front base block (11), and it becomes possible to easily manufacture a rear base block by changing the plastic parts located inside the metal case.

[0073] A method for constructing a levee protection structure according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. The method for constructing the levee protection structure comprises: a cofferdam installation step of installing a cofferdam (A) on the ground spaced a certain distance from the levee in the forward direction of the levee; a foundation block installation step of installing a front foundation block (11) on the ground in front of the levee and installing a rear foundation block (12) on the ground behind the levee after the cofferdam is installed; a crushed stone layer formation step of forming a crushed stone layer (5) by laying crushed stone on the levee after the foundation block installation step; a first coating step of applying a permeable paving composition to the upper surface of the crushed stone layer after forming the crushed stone layer (5); a second coating step of applying a permeable paving composition to the ground behind the rear foundation block (12) to form a ground paving body (3) connected to the rear surface of the rear foundation block; and a crushed stone layer after the second coating step. It includes a curing step for forming an embankment pavement (2) and a ground pavement (3) by curing a permeable pavement composition applied to the upper surface and the ground behind the rear foundation block (12).

[0074] The above cofferdam installation step is a step of installing a cofferdam (A) on the ground spaced a certain distance from the embankment in the forward direction of the embankment, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), and the cofferdam can be installed using, for example, large bags of soil or stones.

[0075] As illustrated in FIG. 8 (b), the step of installing the foundation blocks above involves installing a front foundation block (11) on the ground (200) in front of the embankment (100) and installing a rear foundation block (12) on the ground (300) behind the embankment (100) after the cofferdam (A) is installed. The front foundation blocks can be installed by positioning a portion (bottom) of the front foundation blocks connected in the lateral direction so that it is buried in the ground in front of the embankment and driving in piles (4), and the rear foundation blocks can be installed by positioning a portion (bottom) of the rear foundation blocks connected in the lateral direction so that it is buried in the ground behind the embankment and driving in piles (4).

[0076] The above crushed stone layer formation step is a step of forming a crushed stone layer (5) by laying crushed stone on the embankment after the foundation block installation step, as shown in (c) of FIG. 8. The crushed stone layer (5) can be formed by applying crushed stone to the upper surface of the embankment so as not to extend beyond the rear surface of the body part of the front foundation block (11) and not to extend beyond the front surface of the body part of the rear foundation block (12).

[0077] The first coating step is a step in which, as illustrated in FIG. 9 (a), a permeable paving composition is applied to the upper surface of the crushed stone layer (5) after forming the crushed stone layer (5). In the front of the embankment, the permeable paving composition is positioned on the upper surface of the body part and the rear of the paving support part, and in the rear of the embankment, the permeable paving composition is positioned on the upper surface of the body part (12a) and the front of the rear support part (12b).

[0078] The second coating step is a step of applying a permeable paving composition to the rear ground of the rear foundation block (12) in order to form a ground paving body (3) in succession to the rear surface of the rear foundation block, as illustrated in FIG. 9 (b).

[0079] The above curing step is a step of curing the permeable paving composition applied to the upper surface of the crushed stone layer and the ground behind the rear foundation block after the second coating step, as shown in (c) of FIG. 9, to form the embankment paving (2) and the ground paving (3), and removing the cofferdam (a) to form the embankment protection structure. In the above curing step, the permeable paving composition is cured for approximately 2 days.

[0081] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a permeable structural composition, wherein the permeable structural composition comprises aggregate and a polyurethane binder containing biochar, and is characterized by being able to capture and store carbon and strengthen continuous bonding in the bonding of a polyol resin with the aggregate, thereby improving the tensile strength and durability of the permeable structure and enhancing resistance to cracking and shock absorption capacity.

[0082] The above aggregate may be natural aggregate or recycled aggregate, and conventional aggregate for manufacturing a permeable structure may be used. To be used in the composition of the permeable structure, the aggregate is processed, for example, aggregates are sorted by particle size to strengthen the bonding strength between aggregates, the sorted aggregates are washed with water to remove foreign substances contained in the aggregates, and the aggregates from which foreign substances have been removed are dried to remove moisture contained in the aggregates before use.

[0083] The above polyurethane binder is configured to serve as a binder for binding aggregates, and can be used by adding an additive for performance improvement to a conventional commercially available polyurethane binder for binding aggregates. It is preferable to use 5 to 8 parts by weight of the polyurethane binder per 100 parts by weight of the aggregate. The polyurethane binder comprises a main component containing a polyol and a curing agent of an isocyanate, and it is preferable to use 60 to 90 parts by weight of the curing agent per 100 parts by weight of the polyol.

[0084] The above subject includes a polyol as the main material of the polyurethane binder, and the polyol may be one or more selected from the group consisting of bio-polyols, petroleum-based polyester polyols, and petroleum-based polyether polyols. For example, as the bio-polyol, a bio-polyol prepared from natural vegetable oil, lignocellulosic biomass, or seaweed may be used. Specifically, the natural vegetable oil may be one or more selected from the group consisting of corn oil, soybean oil, castor oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, grapeseed oil, almond oil, and apricot oil. Additionally, the bio-polyol may have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 3000 g / mol, more preferably 800 to 1500 g / mol, and a hydroxyl value (OH value) of 30 to 300 mg KOH / g, more preferably 80 to 200 mg KOH / g. By using a bio-polyol that satisfies this condition, the strength characteristics of the permeable structure can be improved. Regarding the improvement of adhesion, it is preferable to use an aromatic polyester polyol for the above petroleum-based polyester polyol; specifically, it may be an aromatic polyester polyol prepared by condensing a polyhydric alcohol with one or more selected from the group consisting of phthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid. In addition, the weight average molecular weight of the petroleum-based polyester polyol may be 500 to 2,000 g / mol, and more preferably 500 to 1,000 g / mol. By using a polyester polyol with such a relatively low molecular weight, the strength characteristics of the permeable structure can be improved. The above polyether polyol may be a polyalkylene glycol, and specifically, it may be one or more selected from the group consisting of, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide.In addition, the weight average molecular weight of the polyether polyol may be 100 to 1000 g / mol, and more preferably 300 to 600 g / mol. By using a polyether polyol with such a somewhat low molecular weight, the strength characteristics of the permeable structure can be improved.

[0085] The above subject may further include an additive for improving the performance of the above permeable structure, and the additive may be one or more selected from the group consisting of biochar, calcium carbonate, catalyst, and graphene oxide.

[0086] The above biochar is used to capture and store carbon and to strengthen continuous bonding between the polyol resin and the aggregate, thereby improving the tensile strength and durability of the permeable structure and enhancing resistance to cracking and shock absorption capabilities; known commercially available biochar may be used. It is preferable to use 4 to 10 parts by weight of the biochar per 100 parts by weight of the polyol. The term biochar is a compound word of biomass, which collectively refers to biological organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms used as energy sources, and charcoal, which refers to charcoal, and refers to a high-carbon solid material produced from biomass. Generally, herbaceous biomass such as woody biomass, reeds, rice husks, and waste vegetables (such as cabbage leaves) is heated to a high temperature of 350°C or higher in the absence of oxygen, causing the organic material to undergo a thermal decomposition process to produce biochar with a high carbon content similar to charcoal. The above biochar is known to be capable of sequestering carbon and capturing carbon, as a significant amount of carbon fixed in the biomass remains intact in the biochar, so the use of biochar alone can improve eco-friendliness. According to another embodiment of the present invention, a biochar composite may be used instead of biochar in the permeable structure composition, and the biochar composite may be used in an amount of 4 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyol. The biochar composite is characterized by being prepared by reacting 50 to 150 parts by weight of biochar, 20 to 40 parts by weight of nanodiamond, 20 to 40 parts by weight of glyceryl tridodecanoate, 20 to 40 parts by weight of trimethoxyvinylsilane, and 10 to 20 parts by weight of dimethylstyrene.When the product to be manufactured using the above permeable structural composition is a slope protection structure for protecting an embankment, the permeable structural composition is applied over a large area of ​​the embankment and then cured in a humid environment for a long period (approximately 2 days). Since the slope of the embankment varies, there may be areas exposed to light and areas not exposed as the sun moves; in this case, the temperature of the areas exposed to light may rise significantly compared to the areas not exposed to light, which may result in uneven curing of the polyurethane binder. However, by using nanodiamonds, a relatively uniform temperature can be achieved across the entire permeable structure. The above glyceryl tridodecanoate (CAS No.: 538-24-9) is a component added to improve hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties, and it is preferably used in the range of 20 to 40 parts by weight. The above permeable structure composition can be cured for a long time in a humid environment. Since the biochar is hydrophobic but moisture is adsorbed within the pores, if the biochar absorbs moisture, the polyurethane binder may aggregate into granular form during the manufacturing process of the permeable structure, resulting in uneven coating on the surface of the aggregate. The above trimethoxyvinylsilane (Vinyltrimethoxysilane, CAS No.: 2768-02-7) is a component intended to improve the bonding strength of the materials constituting the biochar composite, and it is preferable to use it in a range of 20 to 40 parts by weight. The above dimethylstyrene (Dimethylstyrene, CAS No. 27576-03-0) is a component intended to improve dispersibility by forming a composite, and it is preferable to use it in a range of 10 to 20 parts by weight. The above biochar composite has a particulate form and a certain size, but it is preferable to have an average particle size of 0.001 to 1 mm.

[0087] The above calcium carbonate is a component added to improve the strength of the permeable structure, and 3 to 7 parts by weight may be used per 100 parts by weight of polyol. Since the above calcium carbonate improves strength but has the disadvantage of slowing down the curing speed, it is preferable to use it when manufacturing permeable structures that do not require rapid curing (e.g., for building interior paving, permeable structures for forming blocks for support) rather than permeable structures that require rapid curing (e.g., permeable structures for protecting slopes, permeable structures for road paving, etc.).

[0088] The above catalyst is a composition used to promote a urethane reaction, and commercially available catalysts used in conventional urethane reactions may be used, and it is preferable that the catalyst be used in an amount of 0.01 to 1 weight part per 100 weight parts of polyol. For example, the catalyst may be one or more selected from the group consisting of copper naphthenate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin octoate, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylbutanediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, pentamethylenediethylenetriamine, and tris(3-dimethylamino)propyl hexahydrotriamine.

[0089] The graphene oxide mentioned above is a component used to improve durability, and surface-modified graphene oxide may be used. Graphene oxide is a hydrophilic material containing one or more hydrophilic groups among hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and it is preferable to use graphene oxide that has been surface-modified to be hydrophobic in order to be uniformly mixed with a urethane-based adhesive containing many aromatic groups. Specifically, the graphene oxide may be surface-modified with an amine-containing silane coupling agent, thereby forming a chemical bond between the isocyanate compound and the surface-modified graphene oxide, which allows the graphene oxide to be more firmly bound to the permeable structure. More specifically, for example, the above amine group-containing silane coupling agent may be one or more selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl methyldiethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane, and N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyldiethoxysilane, and it is desirable to use surface-modified graphene oxide with such an amine group-containing silane coupling agent in order to secure excellent durability while maintaining excellent permeability. It is preferable to use 1 to 10 parts by weight of the surface-modified graphene oxide per 100 parts by weight of the polyol.

[0090] The above isocyanate is configured to react with a polyol to produce a polyurethane reaction product, and a known isocyanate used in the manufacture of a polyurethane binder may be used. For example, the above isocyanate may be an aromatic isocyanate such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI, tolidin diisocyanate (TODI), p-phenylene isocyanate, aliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated MDI, and isophorone diisocyanate.

[0092] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a polyurethane binder for forming a permeable structure by binding aggregates, wherein the polyurethane binder comprises a main component comprising a polyol and an additive, and a curing agent of an isocyanate, and preferably 60 to 90 parts by weight of the curing agent are used per 100 parts by weight of the polyol.

[0093] The above additive is a component added to improve the performance of the above permeable structure, and one or more selected from the group consisting of biochar, calcium carbonate, catalyst, and graphene oxide may be used. For every 100 parts by weight of the polyol, 4 to 10 parts by weight of the biochar may be used, 3 to 7 parts by weight of the calcium carbonate may be used, 0.01 to 1 part by weight of the catalyst may be used, and 1 to 10 parts by weight of the graphene oxide may be used. Since the above polyol, isocyanate, biochar, calcium carbonate, catalyst, and graphene oxide have been described in detail above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted below. Meanwhile, the biochar composite described above may be used instead of the above biochar.

[0095] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a permeable structural composition, comprising an aggregate processing step (S1) for processing aggregate, an aggregate coating step (S2) for coating the processed aggregate, and a mixing step (S3) for mixing a polyurethane binder into the coated aggregate.

[0096] The aggregate processing step (S1) described above is a step for processing aggregates and includes a sorting step (S11) for sorting aggregates by particle size to increase the bonding strength between aggregates, a washing step (S12) for washing the sorted aggregates with water to remove foreign substances contained in the aggregates, and a drying step (S13) for drying the aggregates from which foreign substances have been removed to remove moisture contained in the aggregates.

[0097] The above screening step (S11) is a step of screening aggregates by particle size to increase the bonding strength between aggregates, and is performed by screening aggregates through plant aggregate screening and discharging them along a conveyor belt. Through this step, the surface contact between aggregates can be increased without lowering the permeability coefficient of the permeable structure, thereby increasing the compressive strength.

[0098] The washing step (S12) described above is a step of washing the selected aggregate with water to remove foreign substances contained in the aggregate, and is performed to prevent the bonding strength between the aggregates from being significantly reduced by foreign substances other than the aggregate. Through this washing step, the compressive strength of the permeable structure is prevented from being reduced.

[0099] The above drying step (S13) is a step of drying the aggregate from which foreign substances have been removed to dry the moisture contained in the aggregate, and dries not only the washing water remaining in the aggregate during the washing step but also moisture such as rainwater and internal moisture of the aggregate. Moisture remaining in the aggregate is a factor that interferes with the coating of polyurethane resin, and if moisture remains in the aggregate, the polyurethane resin may aggregate into granular form during the process of manufacturing the permeable structure and may not be uniformly coated on the surface of the aggregate. The above drying step can be performed by heating to 80 to 300°C.

[0100] The aggregate coating step (S2) above is a step of coating processed aggregate. After separating the processed aggregate according to particle size using a screening screen or the like, the aggregate and a polyurethane binder are mixed and stirred to form a coating layer on the outer surface of the aggregate. The polyurethane binder used is the polyurethane binder described above, and it is preferable to use 0.25 to 0.8 parts by weight of the polyurethane binder per 100 parts by weight of aggregate. In the aggregate coating step (S2), a small amount of polyurethane binder is mixed and stirred with the aggregate to cure it, thereby preventing bonding between the aggregates but forming a coating layer on the outer surface of the aggregate. By using a small amount of polyurethane binder to form a permeable structure by binding the aggregates, a coating layer is formed on the outer surface of the aggregates, thereby preventing airborne dust from being generated during the transportation and storage of the aggregates, and improving the bonding between the aggregates and the polyurethane binder during the mixing step, which can improve the strength of the manufactured permeable structure.

[0101] The above mixing step (S3) is a step of mixing a polyurethane binder into the coated aggregate, wherein the polyurethane binder used is the polyurethane binder described above, and it is preferable to use 5 to 8 parts by weight of the polyurethane binder per 100 parts by weight of aggregate.

[0102] When the permeable structural composition produced through the above mixing step is cured in various environments, permeable structures of various shapes and purposes can be formed. For example, foundation blocks, embankment pavements, and ground pavements can be formed using the permeable structural composition. Furthermore, when the permeable structural composition is applied to the upper surface of a road and cured, a permeable structure in the form of a road pavement can be formed, and when the permeable structural composition is applied to and cured on the inner wall of a building, a permeable structure in the form of an inner wall of a building can be formed. Figure 2 is a photograph showing the state in which water is supplied to a block manufactured using the permeable structural composition. Looking at Figure 2, it can be seen that the permeable structure manufactured using the permeable structural composition has excellent permeability.

[0104] The present invention will be explained in more detail below through examples. However, these examples are intended only to explain the invention in more detail and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0106] <Example 1> Preparation of Biochar Complex

[0107] 1. Biochar Complex 1

[0108] A first solution was prepared by dispersing 100 parts by weight of powdered biochar, 30 parts by weight of nanodiamond, and 2 parts by weight of reaction accelerator (cumyl hydroperoxide) in water, and a second solution was prepared by dissolving 50 parts by weight of glyceryl tridodecanoate and 30 parts by weight of trimethoxyvinylsilane in ether. The second solution and 15 parts by weight of dimethylstyrene were mixed with the first solution, and the temperature was raised to 100°C to carry out the reaction. After the reaction, the mixture was dried in a dryer and ground to obtain particulate biochar composite 1.

[0109] 2. Biochar Complex 2

[0110] Biochar complex 2 was obtained by making other conditions the same as in Example 1, except that nanodiamonds were not used.

[0111] 3. Biochar Complex 3

[0112] Biochar complex 3 was obtained by making other conditions the same as in Example 1, except that glyceryl tridodecanoate was not used.

[0113] 4. Biochar Complex 4

[0114] Biochar complex 4 was obtained by making other conditions the same as in Example 1, except that trimethoxysilane was not used.

[0115] 5. Biochar Complex 5

[0116] Biochar complex 5 was obtained by making other conditions the same as in Example 1, except that dimethylstyrene was not used.

[0118] <Example 2> Preparation of Polyurethane Binder

[0119] 1. A mixture formed by mixing 100 parts by weight of a bio-based polyol (Basf Sovermol product) and 0.1 parts by weight of a catalyst was mixed with 8 parts by weight of each of biochar composites 1 to 5 to form main components 1 to 5, and 70 parts by weight of isocyanate (MDI) was mixed with each of the main components 1 to 5 to prepare polyurethane binders 1 to 5.

[0120] 2. In addition, polyurethane binder 6 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 2, except that 4 parts by weight of biochar powder was used instead of 8 parts by weight of biochar composite.

[0121] 3. In addition, polyurethane binder 7 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 2, except that a biochar mixture was used instead of a biochar composite. The biochar mixture was formed by mixing powdered biochar, nanodiamonds, glyceryl tridodecanoate, trimethoxyvinylsilane, and dimethylstyrene in a weight ratio of 100:30:50:30:15.

[0122] 4. In addition, polyurethane binder 8 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 2, except that no biochar composite was used.

[0124] <Example 3> Preparation of a permeable structure

[0125] 1. 100 parts by weight of aggregate (gravel with a particle size of 2 to 10 cm) and 0.5 parts by weight of polyurethane binder 1 were mixed and stirred and cured to coat the aggregate, and 100 parts by weight of the coated aggregate and 6 parts by weight of polyurethane binder 1 were mixed and stirred and cured in a humidity environment of 20% to produce a permeable structure 1.

[0126] 2. A permeable structure 2 was prepared by making all other conditions the same as in Example 3, except that polyurethane binder 2 was used instead of polyurethane binder 1.

[0127] 3. A permeable structure 3 was prepared by making all other conditions the same as in Example 3, except that polyurethane binder 3 was used instead of polyurethane binder 1.

[0128] 4. A permeable structure 4 was prepared by making all other conditions the same as in Example 3, except that polyurethane binder 6 was used instead of polyurethane binder 1.

[0129] 5. A permeable structure 5 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 3, except that polyurethane binder 7 was used instead of polyurethane binder 1.

[0130] 6. A permeable structure 6 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 3, except that polyurethane binder 8 was used instead of polyurethane binder 1.

[0131] 7. 100 parts by weight of aggregate (gravel with a particle size of 2 to 10 cm) and 6.5 parts by weight of polyurethane binder 1 were mixed and stirred, and cured in a humidity environment of 20% to produce a permeable structure 7.

[0132] 8. Permeable structure 8 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 3, except that light was irradiated using an infrared LED only on a part of the permeable structure during the curing process.

[0133] 9. A permeable structure 9 was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 3, 2, except that light was irradiated using an infrared LED only on a part of the permeable structure during the curing process.

[0134] 10. A permeable structure 10 was prepared by making all other conditions the same as in Example 3, except that it was cured in a 90% humidity environment instead of 20%.

[0135] 11. A permeable structure 11 was prepared by making all other conditions the same as those of Example 3, except that it was cured in a 90% humidity environment instead of 20%.

[0137] <Example 4> Evaluation of aggregation of biochar complex

[0138] Polyurethane binders 1 to 5 were each applied to a release sheet and cured to produce coatings 1 to 5, and the degree of aggregation of the biochar composites was relatively compared by examining the coatings 1 to 5 using SEM. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that coatings 1 to 3 had a relatively weak degree of aggregation and small particle size.

[0140] <Example 5> Evaluation of Permeability Coefficient and Tensile Strength of Permeable Structure

[0141] 1. Permeability coefficients and tensile strengths were measured for permeable structures 1 to 11. The permeability coefficient (cm / s) was measured according to KS F 2322, and the tensile strength (MPa) was measured according to KS F 2405. The results of the tensile strength measurements are shown in Table 1 by relatively comparing the measurements of the remaining permeable structures with the measurement value of permeable structure 1 as the reference value (100).

[0142] 2. As a result of measuring the permeability coefficient, all permeable structures 1 to 11 showed a value of 2.5×10⁻⁶, which is superior to the certification standard. -2 It was confirmed to have a permeability coefficient of greater than cm / sec.

[0143] 3. Looking at Table 1, it can be seen that permeable structure 1 has a higher tensile strength value compared to permeable structures 4 to 7, indicating that the bonding strength of the aggregate decreases when the biochar powder itself is used, when a composite is not formed, when the biochar powder itself is not used, or when the aggregate is not coated first. It can be seen that permeable structure 4 has a higher tensile strength value compared to permeable structure 6, indicating that tensile strength can be improved when biochar is used compared to when it is not used. In addition, it can be seen that the difference in tensile strength values ​​between permeable structures 8 and 9 is greater than the difference in tensile strength values ​​between permeable structures 1 and 2, indicating that nanodiamonds prevent the degradation of the binder's physical properties by ensuring a relatively uniform temperature distribution, and it can be seen that the difference in tensile strength values ​​between permeable structures 10 and 11 is greater than the difference in tensile strength values ​​between permeable structures 1 and 3, indicating that glyceryl tridodecanoate improves hydrophobicity and prevents the degradation of the binder's physical properties.

[0144] permeable structure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 tensile strength 100 105 103 92 89 84 82 95 82 94 79

[0146] <Example 6> Evaluation of the degree of contamination of a permeable structure

[0147] 1. Each of permeable structures 1 and 3 was left in a closed environment with high temperature and humidity for 10 days, and the surface of the permeable structures was visually evaluated to see if contamination such as mold had occurred.

[0148] 2. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that permeable structure 3 was more severely contaminated than permeable structure 1, with significantly more mold forming.

[0150] Although the applicant has described preferred embodiments of the present invention above, such embodiments are merely examples of implementing the technical concept of the present invention, and any modification or alteration that implements the technical concept of the present invention should be interpreted as falling within the scope of the present invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0151] 1: Foundation block 2: Embankment pavement 3: Ground pavement 4: Pile 5: Crushed stone layer 11: Front foundation block 12: Rear foundation block 21: Front slope pavement 22: Rear slope pavement 23: Top wrapper 11a: Body 11b: Wrapper support 11c: First connecting support 11d: Second connecting support 12a: Body part 12b: Rear support part 12c: First protruding support part 12d: Second protruding support part 111: Insertion hole 121: Through hole

Claims

Claim 1 A porous foundation block comprising: a front foundation block located in front of the embankment, supporting the lower front side of the embankment pavement formed on the upper side of the embankment, and reducing reflected waves by striking water rushing toward the embankment; and a rear foundation block located behind the embankment, supporting the lower rear side of the embankment pavement, and reducing the speed of water overflowing the embankment. Claim 2 In claim 1, the porous foundation block comprises a body portion, a pavement support portion protruding from the front of the upper surface of the body portion to support the lower front side of the embankment pavement, a first connecting support portion protruding from the front of one side of the body portion to support a second connecting support portion of another front foundation block, and a second connecting support portion protruding from the rear of the other side of the body portion to support a first connecting support portion of another front foundation block. Claim 3 In paragraph 2, the rear foundation block comprises a body portion, a rear support portion protruding from the rear of the upper surface of the body portion to support the lower rear side of the embankment pavement, a first protruding support portion protruding from the front of one side of the body portion to support a second protruding support portion of another rear foundation block, and a second protruding support portion protruding from the rear of the other side of the body portion to support a first protruding support portion of another rear foundation block, a porous foundation block. Claim 4 In paragraph 3, the front surface of the above-mentioned front foundation block slopes toward the rear as it extends upward, a porous foundation block. Claim 5 In paragraph 4, the above-mentioned body portion is formed to penetrate vertically and includes an insertion hole into which a pile is inserted, forming a porous foundation block. Claim 6 In paragraph 5, the front lower portion of the embankment pavement is a porous foundation block located on the upper surface of the body portion and the rear surface of the pavement support portion. Claim 7 In paragraph 6, the rear lower end of the embankment pavement is located on the upper surface of the body part and the front of the rear support part, and the upper surface of the rear support part slopes upward toward the rear, forming a porous foundation block. Claim 8 In claim 7, the porous base block is manufactured by curing a permeable structural composition, and the permeable structural composition comprises a polyurethane binder containing biochar and aggregate, a porous base block. Claim 9 In claim 8, the biochar is used in the form of a composite, and the composite is a porous base block prepared by reacting biochar, nanodiamond, glyceryl tridodecanoate, trimethoxyvinylsilane, and dimethylstyrene. Claim 10 In claim 9, the above-mentioned composite is a porous base block formed by mixing and reacting 15 parts by weight of dimethylstyrene with a first solution formed by dispersing 100 parts by weight of biochar, 30 parts by weight of nanodiamond, and 2 parts by weight of cumyl hydroperoxide in water, a second solution formed by dissolving 50 parts by weight of glyceryl tridodecanoate and 30 parts by weight of trimethoxyvinylsilane in ether, and drying and grinding.

Images