Use of bacterial compositions designed for the treatment of infections

Abstract

Bacterial compositions useful for treating and / or preventing chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or diseases or disorders associated with solid organ transplantation are provided herein. In some aspects, treatment and / or prevention includes treating chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or infectious complications resulting from solid organ transplantation. The bacterial compositions disclosed herein are designed to exhibit one or more functional features useful for the treatment of these diseases and disorders.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] Cross-reference regarding related applications

[0002] This PCT application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. provisional application No. 63 / 482,293 filed on January 30, 2023, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Reference to the electronically submitted sequence list

[0004] The contents of the electronically submitted sequence list (4268_096PC01_Seqlisting_ST26; size: 421,080 bytes; and creation date: January 30, 2024) are submitted with the present application and the whole is incorporated herein by reference.

[0005] Technology field

[0006] The present disclosure relates to bacterial compositions useful for treating infectious complications resulting from a wide range of diseases or disorders (e.g., chronic liver disease, cancer neutropenia, and solid organ transplantation) in subjects (e.g., human subjects). More specifically, the bacterial compositions provided herein are designed to exhibit specific properties useful for reducing or preventing the risk of infection caused by specific microbial pathogens within the subjects. As further described herein, through the treatment of such pathogens, the bacterial compositions provided herein may be useful for treating the wide range of diseases or disorders described herein. Background Technology

[0007] Chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the leading causes of death, particularly in developing countries. According to the 2017 National Key Statistics Report by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 4.5 million adults—1.8% of the adult population in the United States—had chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. There were 41,473 deaths attributed to chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (12.8 deaths per 100,000 people). Due to impaired liver function, many CLD patients are highly susceptible to bacterial infections, and a significant number of CLD-related deaths are directly linked to these infections. The most common infections in patients with cirrhosis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and bloodstream infection (BSI) are typically caused by microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. The possession of potentially pathogenic gastrointestinal microorganisms, combined with increased intestinal permeability, can lead to the translocation of these potential pathogens, thereby causing SBP and BSI. This same phenomenon can induce bacterial infections in subjects suffering from other diseases and disorders associated with impaired immune function and / or febrile neutropenia (e.g., solid-organ transplants, chemotherapy for solid and hematological malignancies) and other pathological conditions requiring acute or long-term treatment in an intensive care unit setting (e.g., Ford et al. , Lancet 2(10): e438-44(10. 2015); and Freedberg DE et al. , Intensive Care Med See 44(8): 1203-1211(Aug. 2018)).

[0008] Therefore, there remains a need for new and alternative approaches to prevent and / or treat bacterial infections in subjects suffering from diseases or disorders associated with chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or impaired immune function and / or impaired gastrointestinal barrier function.

[0009] A method for treating diseases and disorders as described herein, e.g., chronic liver disease, diseases or disorders associated with solid organ transplantation, or neutropenia is provided herein. Additionally, a bacterial composition is provided.

[0010] In some aspects, a method for treating chronic liver disease in a subject requiring treatment comprises the step of administering a composition containing a plurality of bacteria to the subject, wherein the plurality of bacteria includes a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type independently include Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Human blues ), Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ).

[0011] In some aspects, treating chronic liver disease includes (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing the symptoms of chronic liver disease in the subject, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

[0012] In some aspects, chronic liver disease is caused by or associated with toxins (e.g., prolonged alcohol and / or drug abuse), infections, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, genetic abnormalities, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, chronic liver disease is idiopathic. In some aspects, chronic liver disease includes cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis (including viral and alcoholic hepatitis), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Budd-Chiari syndrome, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, chronic liver disease includes abdominal fluid accumulation (ascites), vomiting, gallstones, pruritus, jaundice, renal failure, muscle loss, anorexia, bruising, spider veins on the skin, fatigue, weight loss, confusion, edema of the legs (e.g., ankles), portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, chronic liver disease includes hepatic encephalopathy.

[0013] In some aspects, a method for treating neutropenia in a subject requiring treatment is provided, comprising the step of administering a composition containing a plurality of bacteria to a subject, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type independently include Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Human blues ), Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ).

[0014] In some aspects, treating neutropenia involves (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing the symptoms of neutropenia in the subject, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). In some aspects, neutropenia includes cancer neutropenia.

[0015] In some aspects, a method for treating a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation in a subject requiring treatment is provided, comprising the step of administering a composition containing a plurality of bacteria to a subject, wherein the plurality of bacteria includes a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type independently include Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Human blues ), Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ).

[0016] In some aspects, treating diseases or disorders associated with solid organ transplantation includes (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing the symptoms of diseases or disorders associated with solid organ transplantation in the subject, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). In some aspects, solid organ transplantation includes liver transplantation.

[0017] In any method provided herein, in some aspects, the first type and / or second type is Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi It is selected from ). In some respects, multiple bacteria are each Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0018] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include *Malisimalia timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Hungatella efluviii ( Hungatella effluvii It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Butyricicoccus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2 It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Niameybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 It additionally includes ) In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Thyrisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi Includes ) additionally.

[0019] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are the following species: (a) (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (12) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (13) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (14) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ); (b) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ) and (14) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ); (c) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), and (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ); (d) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), and (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ); (e) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), (20) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (21) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (22) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ); (f) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), and (13) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ); (g) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (16) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ); (h) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Rumio Kokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), (18) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (19) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ); (i) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (13) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ); (j) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (18) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1), and (19) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ); or (k) (1) Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia hominis( Human blues , (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (13) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), (14) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), (15) Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), and (16) Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi It contains bacteria of ), is essentially composed of, or is composed of.

[0020] In some respects, (a) Unaerotrocnemius colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81; or (b) Blautia cocoides ( Blautia coccoides) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78; or (c) Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 29, SEQ NO. 32, SEQ NO. 33, SEQ NO. 34, SEQ NO. 35, SEQ NO. 36, or SEQ NO. 37; or (d) Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, or SEQ ID NO. 163; or (e) Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 30, SEQ NO. 38, SEQ NO. 39, SEQ NO. 40, SEQ NO. 41, SEQ NO. 42, SEQ NO. 43, SEQ NO. 44, SEQ NO. 166, SEQ NO. 167, SEQ NO. 168, SEQ NO. 169, SEQ NO. 170, SEQ NO. 171, or SEQ NO. 172; (f) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 20 or SEQ NO. 132; or (g) Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104; or (h) Clostridium vortea ( Clostridium boltea ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70; or (i) Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65; or (j) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114; or (k) Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110; or (l) Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. 50, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. 52, SEQ ID NO. 53, SEQ ID NO. 54, SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 60, SEQ ID NO. 152, SEQ ID NO. 153, SEQ ID NO. 154, SEQ ID NO. 155, SEQ ID NO. 156, or SEQ ID NO. 157; or (m) Eisenbergiela tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 12, SEQ NO. 106, SEQ NO. 107, SEQ NO. 108, or SEQ NO. 109; or (n) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 97, SEQ NO. 98, SEQ NO. 99, SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116; or (o) Erysipelatoclostridium lamosis ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91; or (p) Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 31, SEQ NO. 45, SEQ NO. 46, SEQ NO. 47, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 49, SEQ NO. 173, SEQ NO. 174, SEQ NO. 175, SEQ NO. 176, or SEQ NO. 177; or (q) paecalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 16, SEQ NO. 117, SEQ NO. 118, SEQ NO. 119, or SEQ NO. 120; or (r) faecalicatena orotica ( Faecalicatena orotica ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96; or (s) flavonifractor flauti ( Flavonifractor of the lungs ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73; or (t) Hungatela efluvia ( Hungatella effluvia) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 19, SEQ NO. 126, SEQ NO. 127, SEQ NO. 128, SEQ NO. 129, SEQ NO. 130, or SEQ NO. 131; or (u) Intestinimonas butirisproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105; or (v) Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 21 or SEQ NO. 133; or (w) lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 17, SEQ NO. 121, SEQ NO. 122, SEQ NO. 123, SEQ NO. 124, SEQ NO. 28, or SEQ NO. 165; or (x) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 27 or SEQ NO. 164; or (y) Masilimaliae timonensis ( Massilimalia helminensis) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125; or (z) Murimonas intestinii ( Intestinal worms ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, and SEQ NO. 86; or (aa) Niamaybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 22 or SEQ NO. 134; or (bb) a luminococcus casea NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 24, SEQ NO. 149, SEQ NO. 150, or SEQ NO. 151; (cc) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) comprises a 16s rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, or sequence number 148.

[0021] In some respects, (a) Unaerotrocnemius colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, or SEQ ID NO. 81; or (b) Blautia cocoides ( Blautia coccoides ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78; (c) Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 29, SEQ ID NO. 32, SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 35, SEQ ID NO. 36, or SEQ ID NO. 37; or (d) Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, or SEQ ID NO. 163; or (e) Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 30, SEQ ID NO. 38, SEQ ID NO. 39, SEQ ID NO. 40, SEQ ID NO. 41, SEQ ID NO. 42, SEQ ID NO. 43, SEQ ID NO. 44, SEQ ID NO. 166, SEQ ID NO. 167, SEQ ID NO. 168, SEQ ID NO. 169, SEQ ID NO. 170, SEQ ID NO. 171, or SEQ ID NO. 172; (f) Butyricicocus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 20 or SEQ ID NO. 132; or (g) Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104; (h) Clostridium vortea ( Clostridium boltea ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO. 134; or (i) Clostridium intocium ( Clostridium innocuum) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 61, SEQ ID NO. 62, SEQ ID NO. 63, SEQ ID NO. 64, or SEQ ID NO. 65; or (j) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114; or (k) Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110; or (l) Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. 50, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. 52, SEQ ID NO. 53, SEQ ID NO. 54, SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 58, SEQ ID NO. 59, SEQ ID NO. 60, SEQ ID NO. 152, SEQ ID NO. 153, SEQ ID NO. 154, SEQ ID NO. 155, SEQ ID NO. 156, or SEQ ID NO. 157; (m) Eisenbergiela tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 12, SEQ NO. 106, SEQ NO. 107, SEQ NO. 108, or SEQ NO. 109; or (n) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 9, SEQ ID NO. 97, SEQ ID NO. 98, SEQ ID NO. 99, SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO. 116; or (o) Erysipelatoclostridium lamosis ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ ID NO. 87, SEQ ID NO. 88, SEQ ID NO. 89, SEQ ID NO. 90, or SEQ ID NO. 91; or (p) Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO. 177; or (q) Paecalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 16, SEQ ID NO. 117, SEQ ID NO. 118, SEQ ID NO. 119, or SEQ ID NO. 120; or (r) faecalicatena orotica ( Faecalicatena orotica ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 8, SEQ ID NO. 92, SEQ ID NO. 93, SEQ ID NO. 94, SEQ ID NO. 95, or SEQ ID NO. 96; or (s) flavonifractor flauti ( Flavonifractor of the lungs ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73; or (t) Hungatela efluvia ( Hungatella effluvia ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 126, SEQ ID NO. 127, SEQ ID NO. 128, SEQ ID NO. 129, SEQ ID NO. 130, or SEQ ID NO. 131; or (u) Intestinimonas butirisiproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO. 105; or (v) Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 21 or SEQ ID NO. 133; or (w) lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 121, SEQ ID NO. 122, SEQ ID NO. 123, SEQ ID NO. 124, SEQ ID NO. 28, or SEQ ID NO. 165; (x) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 27 or SEQ ID NO. 164; or (y) Masilimaliae timonensis ( Massilimalia helminensis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125; or (z) Murimonas intestini ( Intestinal worms ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86; or (aa) Niamaybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO. 134; (bb) Luminococcus casea NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. 149, SEQ ID NO. 150, or SEQ ID NO. 151; (cc) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, or sequence number 148.

[0022] In some aspects, a method for treating chronic liver disease in a subject requiring treatment is provided, comprising the step of administering to a subject a composition comprising a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ NO 5, SEQ NO 79, SEQ NO 80, SEQ NO 81, SEQ NO 4, SEQ NO 74, SEQ NO 75, SEQ NO 76, SEQ NO 77, SEQ NO 78, SEQ NO 26, SEQ NO 158, SEQ NO 159, SEQ NO 160, SEQ NO 161, SEQ NO 162, SEQ NO 163, SEQ NO 20, SEQ NO 132, SEQ NO 10, SEQ NO 100, SEQ NO 101, SEQ NO 10266, SEQ NO 10367, SEQ NO 10468, SEQ NO 69, SEQ NO 70, SEQ NO 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, sequence number 15, sequence number 115, sequence number 116, sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, sequence number 91, sequence number 16, sequence number 117, sequence number 118, sequence number 119, sequence number 120,Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, Sequence No. 24, Sequence No. 149, Sequence No. 150, Sequence No. 151, Sequence No. 23, Sequence No. 135, Sequence No. 136, Sequence No. 137, Sequence No. 138, Sequence No. 139, Sequence No. 140, Sequence No. 141, Sequence No. 142, Sequence No. 143, Sequence No. 144, Sequence No. 145, Sequence No. 146, Sequence No. 147, Sequence No. 148, Sequence No. 29, Sequence No. 32, Sequence No. 33, Sequence No. 34, Sequence No. 35, Sequence No. 36, or Sequence No. 37, Sequence No. 30, Sequence No. 38, Sequence No. 39, Sequence No. 40, Sequence No. 41, Sequence No. 42, Sequence No. 43, Sequence No. 44, Sequence No. 166, Sequence No. 167, Sequence No. 168, Sequence No. 169, the sequence presented in any one of sequence number 170, sequence number 171, sequence number 172, sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%,It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0023] In some aspects, a method for treating neutropenia in a subject requiring treatment is provided herein, comprising the step of administering to a subject a composition comprising a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ NO 5, SEQ NO 79, SEQ NO 80, SEQ NO 81, SEQ NO 4, SEQ NO 74, SEQ NO 75, SEQ NO 76, SEQ NO 77, SEQ NO 78, SEQ NO 26, SEQ NO 158, SEQ NO 159, SEQ NO 160, SEQ NO 161, SEQ NO 162, SEQ NO 163, SEQ NO 20, SEQ NO 132, SEQ NO 10, SEQ NO 100, SEQ NO 101, SEQ NO 10266, SEQ NO 10367, SEQ NO 10468, SEQ NO 69, SEQ NO 70, SEQ NO 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 117, Sequence No. 118, Sequence No. 119, Sequence No. 120, Sequence No. 8,Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 165, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, sequence number 151, sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number The sequence presented in any one of 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, sequence number 172, sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%,It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0024] In some aspects, a method for treating a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation in a subject requiring treatment is provided, comprising the step of administering to a subject a composition comprising a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ NO 5, SEQ NO 79, SEQ NO 80, SEQ NO 81, SEQ NO 4, SEQ NO 74, SEQ NO 75, SEQ NO 76, SEQ NO 77, SEQ NO 78, SEQ NO 26, SEQ NO 158, SEQ NO 159, SEQ NO 160, SEQ NO 161, SEQ NO 162, SEQ NO 163, SEQ NO 20, SEQ NO 132, SEQ NO 10, SEQ NO 100, SEQ NO 101, SEQ NO 10266, SEQ NO 10367, SEQ NO 10468, SEQ NO 69, SEQ NO 70, Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 117, Sequence No. 118, Sequence No. 119,Sequence No. 120, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 165, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, sequence number 22, sequence number 134, sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, sequence number 151, sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, Sequence No. 167, Sequence No. 168, Sequence No. 169, Sequence No. 170, Sequence No. 171, Sequence No. 172, Sequence No. 31, Sequence No. 45, Sequence No. 46, Sequence No. 47, Sequence No. 48, Sequence No. 49, Sequence No. 173, Sequence No. 174, Sequence No. 175, Sequence No. 176,or includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any of SEQ ID NOs 177.

[0025] In some aspects, a method for treating a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation in a subject requiring treatment is provided, comprising the step of administering to a subject a composition comprising a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ NO 5, SEQ NO 79, SEQ NO 80, SEQ NO 81, SEQ NO 4, SEQ NO 74, SEQ NO 75, SEQ NO 76, SEQ NO 77, SEQ NO 78, SEQ NO 26, SEQ NO 158, SEQ NO 159, SEQ NO 160, SEQ NO 161, SEQ NO 162, SEQ NO 163, SEQ NO 20, SEQ NO 132, SEQ NO 10, SEQ NO 100, SEQ NO 101, SEQ NO 10266, SEQ NO 10367, SEQ NO 10468, SEQ NO 69, SEQ NO 70, Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 117, Sequence No. 118, Sequence No. 119,Sequence No. 120, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 165, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, sequence number 22, sequence number 134, sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, sequence number 151, sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, Sequence No. 167, Sequence No. 168, Sequence No. 169, Sequence No. 170, Sequence No. 171, Sequence No. 172, Sequence No. 31, Sequence No. 45, Sequence No. 46, Sequence No. 47, Sequence No. 48, Sequence No. 49, Sequence No. 173, Sequence No. 174, Sequence No. 175, Sequence No. 176,or includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any of SEQ ID NOs 177.

[0026] In any method provided herein, in some aspects, Type 1 and / or Type 2 is sequence no. 1, sequence no. 61, sequence no. 62, sequence no. 63, sequence no. 64, sequence no. 65, sequence no. 2, sequence no. 66, sequence no. 67, sequence no. 68, sequence no. 69, sequence no. 70, sequence no. 3, sequence no. 71, sequence no. 72, sequence no. 73, sequence no. 4, sequence no. 74, sequence no. 75, sequence no. 76, sequence no. 77, sequence no. 78, sequence no. 5, sequence no. 79, sequence no. 80, sequence no. 81, sequence no. 6, sequence no. 82, sequence no. 83, sequence no. 84, sequence no. 85, sequence no. 86, sequence no. 7, sequence no. 87, sequence no. 88, sequence no. 89, sequence no. 90, sequence no. 91, sequence no. 8, sequence It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, Sequence No. 104, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria each have: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65, (b) at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, or at least about 98% with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70,or a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 99% sequence identity, (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 99% sequence identity, (f) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (g) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, or at least 16S rDNA sequences having 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity, (i) sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103,or a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 104, and (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109.

[0027] In any method provided herein, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 97, SEQ NO. 98, or SEQ NO. 99. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 13 or SEQ NO. 110. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 16, sequence no. 117, sequence no. 118, sequence no. 119, or sequence no. 120.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 17. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 28. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 19, SEQ NO. 126, SEQ NO. 127, SEQ NO. 128, SEQ NO. 129, SEQ NO. 130, or SEQ NO. 131. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 20 or SEQ NO. 132. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 21 or SEQ No. 133. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 22 or SEQ No. 134.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 23, sequence no. 135, sequence no. 136, sequence no. 137, sequence no. 138, sequence no. 139, sequence no. 140, sequence no. 141, sequence no. 142, sequence no. 143, sequence no. 144, sequence no. 145, sequence no. 146, sequence no. 147, or sequence no. 148. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 24, sequence no. 149, sequence no. 150, or sequence no. 151. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in sequence no. 25, sequence no. 50, sequence no. 51, sequence no. 52, sequence no. 53, sequence no. 54, sequence no. 55, sequence no. 56, sequence no. 57, sequence no. 58, sequence no. 59, sequence no. 60, sequence no. 152, sequence no. 153, sequence no. 154, sequence no. 155, sequence no. 156, or sequence no. 157. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in sequence no. 26, sequence no. 158, sequence no. 159, sequence no. 160, sequence no. 161, sequence no. 162, or sequence no. 163.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 27 or SEQ NO. 164. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 29, SEQ NO. 32, SEQ NO. 33, SEQ NO. 34, SEQ NO. 35, SEQ NO. 36, or SEQ NO. 37. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in sequence no. 30, sequence no. 38, sequence no. 39, sequence no. 40, sequence no. 41, sequence no. 42, sequence no. 43, sequence no. 44, sequence no. 166, sequence no. 167, sequence no. 168, sequence no. 169, sequence no. 170, sequence no. 171, or sequence no. 172. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in sequence no. 31, sequence no. 45, sequence no. 46, sequence no. 47, sequence no. 48, sequence no. 49, sequence no. 173, sequence no. 174, sequence no. 175, sequence no. 176, or sequence no. 177.

[0028] In any method provided herein, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria are (a) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81, (6) SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, and sequence number 86; (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91; (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96; (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 9, sequence number 97, sequence number 98, or sequence number 99; (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (11) to sequence number 11 or sequence number 105 The presented 16S rDNA sequence, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (14) sequence number 14,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, and (15) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116; (b) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65; (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70; (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73; (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78; (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81 (6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, or Sequence No. 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 11 or Sequence No. 105, (11) Sequence No. 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, and (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116; (c) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 61, SEQ ID NO. 62, SEQ ID NO. 63, SEQ ID NO. 64, or SEQ ID NO. 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 66, SEQ ID NO. 67, SEQ ID NO. 68, SEQ ID NO. 69, or SEQ ID NO. 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 71, SEQ ID NO. 72, or SEQ ID NO. 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, or SEQ ID NO. 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 5, (6) the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 82, SEQ ID NO. 83, SEQ ID NO. 84, SEQ ID NO. 85, or SEQ ID NO. 86 16S rDNA sequence, (7) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, sequence number 117, sequence number 118, sequence number 119, or sequence number 120, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 28 or sequence number 165, and (17) the 16S rDNA presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151 Sequence; (d) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94,(9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 95 or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, sequence number 117, sequence number 118, sequence number 119, or sequence number 120, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151; (e) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79,(6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 80 or sequence number 81, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) the one presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105 16S rDNA sequence, (11) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, sequence number 117, sequence number 118, sequence number 119, or sequence number 120, (16) sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 124, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151; (f) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, or sequence number 65,(2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86, (7) Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 90, or sequence number 91; (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96; (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105; (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109; (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110; (13) sequence number 14, sequence number 111, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) sequence number 16, sequence number 117, sequence number 118, sequence number 119,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 120, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 18 or sequence number 125, (18) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 19, sequence number 126, sequence number 127, sequence number 128, sequence number 129, sequence number 130, or sequence number 131, and (19) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 20 or sequence number 132; (g) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO. 105, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 14, SEQ ID NO. 111, SEQ ID NO. 112, SEQ ID NO. 113, or SEQ ID NO. 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO. 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 16, SEQ ID NO. 117, SEQ ID NO. 118, SEQ ID NO. 119, or SEQ ID NO. 120 16S rDNA sequences, (16) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, (17) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 18 or sequence number 125, (18) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 19, sequence number 126, sequence number 127, sequence number 128, sequence number 129, sequence number 130, or sequence number 131, (19) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 20 or sequence number 132, (20) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 21 or sequence number 133, (21) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 22 or sequence number 134, and (22) sequence number 23, sequence number 135, 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, or sequence number 148; (h) (1) sequence number 1, sequence number 61,(1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65; (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70; (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73; (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78; (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81; (6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86 The presented 16S rDNA sequence, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, or Sequence No. 99, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, or Sequence No. 104, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109 rDNA sequence, (12) sequence number 25, sequence number 50, sequence number 51, sequence number 52, sequence number 53, sequence number 54, sequence number 55, sequence number 56, sequence number 57, sequence number 58, sequence number 59, sequence number 60, sequence number 152, sequence number 153, sequence number 154,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 155, sequence number 156, or sequence number 157, and (13) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 26, sequence number 158, sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number 163; (i) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86; (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91; (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96; (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105; (11) to sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109 The presented 16S rDNA sequence,(12) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 26, sequence number 158, sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number 163, and (16) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 27 or sequence number 164; (j) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101,(10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 12, SEQ NO. 106, SEQ NO. 107, SEQ NO. 108, or SEQ NO. 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 13 or SEQ NO. 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116, (15) SEQ NO. 16, SEQ NO. 117, SEQ NO. 118, SEQ NO. 119, or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 120, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 28 or sequence number 165, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151, (18) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 26, sequence number 158, sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number 163, and (19) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 27 or sequence number 164; (k) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104 A presented 16S rDNA sequence, (10) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, and (13) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116; (l) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79,(6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 80 or sequence number 81, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) the one presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105 16S rDNA sequence, (11) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, sequence number 117, sequence number 118, sequence number 119, or sequence number 120, (16) sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 124, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 21 or sequence number 133, (18) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 22 or sequence number 134, and (19) sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138,16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ ID NO. 139, SEQ ID NO. 140, SEQ ID NO. 141, SEQ ID NO. 142, SEQ ID NO. 143, SEQ ID NO. 144, SEQ ID NO. 145, SEQ ID NO. 146, SEQ ID NO. 147, or SEQ ID NO. 148; or (m) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 29, Sequence No. 32, Sequence No. 33, Sequence No. 34, Sequence No. 35, Sequence No. 36, or Sequence No. 37, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, (7) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86, (7) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (8) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, or Sequence No. 99, (10) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, or Sequence No. 104, (11) Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, sequence number 108,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 25, sequence number 50, sequence number 51, sequence number 52, sequence number 53, sequence number 54, sequence number 55, sequence number 56, sequence number 57, sequence number 58, sequence number 59, sequence number 60, sequence number 152, sequence number 153, sequence number 154, sequence number 155, sequence number 156, or sequence number 157, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 26, sequence number 158, sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in 163, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, or sequence number 172, and (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, comprising, essentially composed of, or composed of.

[0029] In any method provided herein, in some aspects, colonization of pathogenic microorganisms in the subject's gastrointestinal tract is reduced or prevented after administration. In some aspects, the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms in the subject's gastrointestinal tract is reduced after administration. In some aspects, the pathogenic microorganism is Enterococcus faecium ( Enterococcus faecium )(e.g., vancomycin-resistant), Enterococcus( Enterococcus ) species, Klebsiella pneumonia ( Klebsiella pneumonia )(e.g., carbapenem-resistant), E. coli( E. coli ), Staphilococcus aureus( Staphylococcus aureus ), Asinetobacter Maumannii( Acinetobacter baumannii ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), Enterobacter( Enterobacter ) species, Enterococcus faecalis( Enterococcus faecalis ), Klebsiella oxytoca ( Klebsiella oxytoca ), Klebsiella aerogenes ( Klebsiella aerogenes ), Streptococcus( Streptococcus Includes ) species, or combinations thereof.

[0030] In any method provided herein, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria may: (1) be able to engraft (long-term and / or transiently) when administered to a subject; (2) possess anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ability to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion from epithelial cells in vitro, downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1); (3) be unable to induce pro-inflammatory activity; (4) produce secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) produce tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid); (6) restore and / or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., determined by a primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); or (7) produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. (e.g., butyrate, propionate) can be produced, (8) can inhibit HDAC activity, (9) can produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate), (10) can express catalase activity, (11) can have alpha-fucosidase activity, (12) can produce vitamin B (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxamine (B6)), (13) can reduce fecal calprotectin levels, (14) cannot activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5), (15) can activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2), (16) can restore colonization resistance, (17) can utilize a wide range of carbon sources; (18) may reduce VRE pathogen possession, (19) may reduce CRE pathogen possession, (20) may reduce E. coli pathogen possession, (21) may reduce claudin-2 expression, (22) may be associated with a healthy human gut microbiome,(23) may not be associated with toxin and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and may not have significant cytopathogenic effects in vitro, (24) may be susceptible to several clinically relevant antibiotics, (25) may not be associated with genes possibly responsible for both observed antibiotic resistance and infectiousness, (26) may inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, or (27) may have one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colon organoids (e.g., inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, interferon type I signaling, interferon type II signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasome, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or (28) downregulate (combinations thereof) or (29) increase the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells or (30) increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) related to CD8+ T cell activation and / or function or (30) improve and / or enhance tolerance to chemotherapy agents or (31) improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or (32) promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors or (33) induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-biased IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages or (34) induce a less inflammatory response in macrophages than with a donor-derived spore-based composition (i.e., spore-based composition). However, there are other agents that can induce a similar pathogen defense response, (35) anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10,It may increase the amounts of IL-11, IL-13, TGF-β, etc., (36) reduce colon inflammation, (37) treat and / or prevent diseases or disorders, such as gastrointestinal dysbiosis, (38) increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects, (39) improve mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in subjects compared to a reference control (e.g., untreated patients or subjects prior to treatment), (40) promote mucosal healing, (41) reduce the incidence of infection, (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in subjects, (43) reduce the abundance of infection biomarkers in the subjects' stool, (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the administered species in the subjects' stool, or (45) the majority of the species administered into the subjects' intestines (e.g., relative to the number of colony-forming units administered). 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) or all of them can be targeted and delivered (e.g., by encapsulating or by coating one or more components of the administration form with an enteric polymer), (46) can provide therapeutic benefit after a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject, (47) can be co-administered with additional agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (48) can be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (49) lactulose can be used, (50) include a lantibiotic operon, (51) liver disease (e.g., It may be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver cirrhosis,(52) Includes additional species of bacteria having one or more features selected from any combination thereof.

[0031] In some aspects, each of the plurality of bacteria may form spores. In some aspects, each of the plurality of bacteria is in the form of spores. In some aspects, each of the plurality of bacteria is not a vegetative cell. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some aspects, the composition is administered orally to a subject. In some aspects, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional therapeutic agent to a subject. In some embodiments, the additional agent is administered simultaneously with or sequentially with the composition. In some aspects, the additional agent comprises a therapeutic standard. In some aspects, the therapeutic standard comprises lactulose, rifaximin, or both.

[0032] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Human blues ), Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ).

[0033] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi It is selected from ).

[0034] In any composition provided herein, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria are Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium scindens ), and / or Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena cortorta ) and / or Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longoviformis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include *Malisimalia timonensis* ( Massilimaliae timonensis ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), and / or Butyricococcus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and / or Thyrisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia obeum ( Blautia obeum ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia hominis ( Blautia hominis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi Includes ) additionally.

[0035] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and wherein the first type and the second type are independently SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, or SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, SEQ ID NO. 163, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 132, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 100, SEQ ID NO. 101, SEQ ID NO. 10266, SEQ ID NO. 10367, SEQ ID NO. 10468, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID NO. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 117, Sequence No. 118, Sequence No. 119, Sequence No. 120, Sequence No. 8,Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 165, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, sequence number 151, sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number The sequence presented in any one of 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, sequence number 172, sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, and at least about 95%,It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0036] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and wherein the first type and / or the second type are SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 61, SEQ ID NO. 62, SEQ ID NO. 63, SEQ ID NO. 64, SEQ ID NO. 65, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 66, SEQ ID NO. 67, SEQ ID NO. 68, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 71, SEQ ID NO. 72, SEQ ID NO. 73, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 82, SEQ ID NO. 83, SEQ ID NO. 84, SEQ ID NO. 85, It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of sequence number 86, sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, sequence number 91, sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 10093, sequence number 10194, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, sequence number 10495, sequence number 96, sequence number 10, or sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109.

[0037] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 9, sequence no. 97, sequence no. 98, or sequence no. 99. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105, (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 13 or SEQ NO. 110, (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114, and / or (d) SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. It further includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 115 or sequence number 116.

[0038] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 16, SEQ ID NO. 117, SEQ ID NO. 118, SEQ ID NO. 119, or SEQ ID NO. 120, and / or (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 121, SEQ ID NO. 122, SEQ ID NO. 123, SEQ ID NO. 124, SEQ ID NO. 28, or SEQ ID NO. 165. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria have (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 18 or SEQ NO. 125, (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 19, SEQ NO. 126, SEQ NO. 127, SEQ NO. 128, SEQ NO. 129, SEQ NO. 130, or SEQ NO. 131, and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 20 or SEQ NO. 132 Includes additionally.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria are (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 21 or SEQ NO. 133, (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 22 or SEQ NO. 134, and / or (c) SEQ NO. 23, SEQ NO. 135, SEQ NO. 136, SEQ NO. 137, SEQ NO. 138, SEQ NO. 139, SEQ NO. 140, SEQ NO. 141, SEQ NO. 142, SEQ NO. 143, SEQ NO. 144, SEQ NO. 145, SEQ NO. 146, SEQ NO. 147, or SEQ NO. The 16S rDNA sequence further comprises at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 148. In some aspects, the plural bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 24, SEQ NO. 149, SEQ NO. 150, or SEQ NO. 151. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in sequence no. 25, sequence no. 50, sequence no. 51, sequence no. 52, sequence no. 53, sequence no. 54, sequence no. 55, sequence no. 56, sequence no. 57, sequence no. 58, sequence no. 59, sequence no. 60, sequence no. 152, sequence no. 153, sequence no. 154, sequence no. 155, sequence no. 156, or sequence no. 157.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria have (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 18 or SEQ NO. 125, (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 19, SEQ NO. 126, SEQ NO. 127, SEQ NO. 128, SEQ NO. 129, SEQ NO. 130, or SEQ NO. 131, and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 20 or SEQ NO. 132 Includes additionally. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria are (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 21 or SEQ NO. 133, (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 22 or SEQ NO. 134, and / or (c) SEQ NO. 23, SEQ NO. 135, SEQ NO. 136, SEQ NO. 137, SEQ NO. 138, SEQ NO. 139, SEQ NO. 140, SEQ NO. 141, SEQ NO. 142, SEQ NO. 143, SEQ NO. 144, SEQ NO. 145, SEQ NO. 146, SEQ NO. 147, or SEQ NO. It further includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 148.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 24, sequence no. 149, sequence no. 150, or sequence no. 151. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in sequence no. 25, sequence no. 50, sequence no. 51, sequence no. 52, sequence no. 53, sequence no. 54, sequence no. 55, sequence no. 56, sequence no. 57, sequence no. 58, sequence no. 59, sequence no. 60, sequence no. 152, sequence no. 153, sequence no. 154, sequence no. 155, sequence no. 156, or sequence no. 157. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 26, SEQ NO. 158, SEQ NO. 159, SEQ NO. 160, SEQ NO. 161, SEQ NO. 162, or SEQ NO. 163. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 27 or SEQ NO. 164.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria have (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of SEQ ID NO. 29, SEQ ID NO. 32, SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 35, SEQ ID NO. 36, or SEQ ID NO. 37; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of SEQ ID NO. 30, SEQ ID NO. 38, SEQ ID NO. 39, SEQ ID NO. 40, SEQ ID NO. 41, SEQ ID NO. 42, SEQ ID NO. 43, SEQ ID NO. 44, SEQ ID NO. 166, SEQ ID NO. 167, SEQ ID NO. 168, SEQ ID NO. 169, SEQ ID NO. 170, SEQ ID NO. 171, or SEQ ID NO. 172; and / or (c) further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO. 177.

[0039] In any composition provided herein, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria may: (1) be able to engraft (long-term and / or transiently) when administered to a subject; (2) have anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ability to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion from epithelial cells in vitro, downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1); (3) not be able to induce pro-inflammatory activity; (4) be able to produce secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) be able to produce tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolpropionic acid); (6) be able to restore and / or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., determined by a primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); or (7) be a short-chain It may be able to produce fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate), (8) inhibit HDAC activity, (9) produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate), (10) express catalase activity, (11) possess alpha-fucosidase activity, (12) produce vitamin B (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxamine (B6)), (13) reduce fecal calprotectin levels, (14) fail to activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5), (15) activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2), (16) restore colonization resistance, or (17) utilize a wide range of carbon sources; (18) may reduce VRE pathogen possession, (19) may reduce CRE pathogen possession, (20) may reduce E. coli pathogen possession, (21) may reduce claudin-2 expression, (22) may be associated with a healthy human gut microbiome,(23) may not be associated with toxin and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and may not have significant cytopathogenic effects in vitro, (24) may be susceptible to several clinically relevant antibiotics, (25) may not be associated with genes possibly responsible for both observed antibiotic resistance and infectiousness, (26) may inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, or (27) may be associated with one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colon organoids (e.g., inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, interferon type I signaling, interferon type II signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, implamasome, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof) (28) can downregulate (these), (29) can decrease the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells, (30) can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) related to CD8+ T cell activation and / or function, (31) can improve and / or enhance the tolerance to chemotherapy agents, (32) can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, (33) can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors, (34) can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-biased IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages, or (34) produce a less inflammatory response in macrophages than that of donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based compositions) but similar pathogen defense. (35) anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13,It may increase the amount of TGF-β, (36) reduce colon inflammation, (37) treat and / or prevent diseases or disorders, such as those related to intestinal microbial imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract, (38) increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the subject, (39) improve mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in the subject compared to a reference control (e.g., untreated patients or subjects prior to treatment), (40) promote mucosal healing, (41) reduce the incidence of infection, (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in the subject, (43) reduce the abundance of infection biomarkers in the subject's stool, (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the administered species in the subject's stool, or (45) reduce the majority of the species administered into the subject's intestines (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80% of the administered species relative to the number of colony-forming units administered). 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) or all thereof may be targeted and delivered (e.g., by encapsulating or by coating one or more components of the administration form with an enteric polymer), (46) may provide therapeutic benefit after a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject, (47) may be co-administered with additional agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (48) may be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (49) may use lactulose, (50) may include a lantibiotic operon, or (51) may be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), (52) Includes additional species of bacteria having one or more features selected from any combination thereof.

[0040] In any of the compositions provided herein, in some aspects, each of the plurality of bacteria may form spores. In some aspects, each of the plurality of bacteria is in the form of spores. In some aspects, the composition further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0041] Fig. 1 The present invention provides a table listing exemplary designed bacterial compositions described herein. Sequence numbers for the 16S sequences of bacterial species present in different designed bacterial compositions are provided. “0” indicates that the bacterial species is not included; “1” indicates that the bacterial species is included in the given bacterial composition. Bacterial species that are part of the strain core and R group are also indicated. Figs. 2a-2i vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in a mouse model ( Enterobacteriaceae It demonstrates the ability of different bacterial compositions to decolonize or reduce the abundance of )(CRE). Fig. 2a [Figure] provides a schematic diagram of the experimental design. As shown, animals were infected with VRE or CRE and then treated with one of the following: (1) PBS, (2) DE1, (3) DE2, (4) DE3, (5) DE4, (6) DE5.1, (7) DE6, and (8) fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). Naive animals (i.e., no pathogen infection and no treatment) were used as a control. Fig. 2b It provides a comparison of VRE titers over a 21-day course following VRE induction vaccination. Fig. 2c It provides a comparison of CRE titers over a 21-day course following CRE induction. Fig. 2b and 2c In this example, VRE titers and CRE titers are expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) / feces g. "LOD" refers to the limit of detection. Fig. 2d-2f DE2 after administration to mice infected with CRE ( Fig. 2d), DE3( Fig. 2e ), and DE5.1( Fig. 2f It indicates the engraftment of different bacterial species present in ). Figure 2g-2i DE2 after administration to mice infected with VRE ( 2g ), DE3( Fig. 2h ), and DE5.1( Fig. 2i It indicates the engraftment of different bacterial species present in ). Figs. 3a-3c 3 pathogens in a mouse model (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae) Klebsiella pneumoniae It demonstrates the ability of different bacterial compositions to decolonize or reduce the abundance of ), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase+ Escherichia coli, and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. After pathogen inoculation (days 4 to 9), mice were treated with one of the following (1) PBS, (2) DE3, (3) DE7, (4) DE10, (5) DE9, and (6) DE8. Fig. 3a It provides a comparison of CRE titers over a 21-day course following CRE induction. Fig. 3b It provides a comparison of ESBL+ Escherichia coli (EC) titers over a 21-day period following EC induction. Fig. 3c It provides a comparison of VRE titers over a 21-day period following VRE induction. Pathogen titers are expressed in colony-forming units (CFU) / g. Figs. 4a-4c represents the ability of different bacterial compositions to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli) in an in vitro gut ecology model (iGEM). Cr-Kpn( Fig. 4a ), VRE( Fig. 4b ), or Cr-E. coli ( Fig. 4c ) was added prior to vancomycin pretreatment (Day 4), and Cr-Kpn( Fig. 4a) or VRE( Fig. 4b) was added again (Day 6) during vancomycin pretreatment. Test bacterial compositions (i.e., DE3, DE5.1, DE7, DE9, DE10, DE2, or FMTFMT) were added over 7 days (Days 10–16), starting 1 day after the end of vancomycin treatment (microbiome intervention). Pathogen load was measured by scoring CFU (colony-forming units) on pathogen-selective plates. Figure 5a-5g5g represents the ability of the DE2 bacterial composition to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli) in an in vitro gut ecology model (iGEM). Cr-Kpn( Fig. 5a ), VRE( Figure 5b5b ), or Cr-E. coli ( Fig. 5c ) added prior to vancomycin pretreatment (Day 4), and VRE( Figure 5b5b ) was added again (Day 6) during vancomycin pretreatment. Bacterial composition DE2 was added over 5 days (Days 10–14), starting 1 day after the end of vancomycin treatment. Pathogen load was measured by scoring CFU (colony-forming units) on pathogen-selective plates. 5g represents the ability of the DE3 and DE5.2 bacterial compositions to reduce the abundance of Cr-E. coli in iGEM compared to the spore preparation and FMT. Cr-E. coli was added prior to vancomycin pretreatment (Day 4). The bacterial compositions, spore preparation, and FMT were added over a period of 5 days (Days 10–14), starting 1 day after the end of vancomycin treatment. Pathogen load was measured by scoring CFU (colony-forming units) on pathogen-selective plates. Figs. 6a-6b Is Provides the average concentration of secondary bile acids produced in cultures for DE2, DE3, DE8, DE10, DE9, DE7, and FCMA.BA. Fig. 6aIt provides the average concentrations for the following bile acids: 12-ketocholic acid, 3-oxocolic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, ketodeoxycholic acid analogs, taurocholic acid, and ursocolic acid. Fig. 6b It provides the average concentrations for the following bile acids: 3-oxo-chenodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, glyco-chenodeoxycholic acid, iso-soritocholic acid, litocholic acid, tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and z-ketolitocholic acid-analyst 3. Figs. 7a-7b DE5.2 ( Fig. 7a ) and DE11( Fig. 7b It exhibits the effect of ). After pathogen induction inoculation (Days 4–9), mice are sterilized in PBS ((control group) or one of the tested bacterial compositions (i.e., Fig. 7a DE5.2 and Fig. 7b Treatment was performed with DE11). The effect of Cr-Kpn on decolonization is expressed as pathogen titer over a 21-day period following pathogen initiation. Pathogen titer is expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) / stool g. Figures 8a-8b DE5.2 for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) decolonization ( Fig. 8a ) and DE11( Fig. 8b It exhibits the effect of ). After pathogen induction inoculation (Days 2–7), mice are sterilized in PBS ((control group) or one of the tested bacterial compositions (i.e., Fig. 8a DE5.2 and Fig. 8b Treatment was performed with DE11). The effect on VRE decolonization is expressed as VRE titer over a 21-day period after VRE induction inoculation. VRE titer is expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) / fecal g. Fig. 9 is ALTIS REPLIGUT ® This shows a schematic diagram of the in vitro IFN-γ-induced epithelial barrier damage assay using the system. Figs. 10a-10bThis indicates the effects of the following bacterial compositions: DE3, DE5.2, DE9, DE10, and DE2 for protection against IFN-γ-induced barrier damage. Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU) were measured. The effect is expressed as the Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU) of Lucifer Yellow fluorescence for IFN-γ alone compared to the supernatant of the tested DE cultures. Figs. 11a-11c This demonstrates the ability of a bacterial spore preparation to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase+ Escherichia coli, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) in a mouse model. After pathogen inoculation, mice were treated with one of the following: (1) PBS, (2) a bacterial spore preparation. Fig. 11a It provides a comparison of CRE titers over a 21-day course following CRE induction. Fig. 11b It provides a comparison of ESBL+ Escherichia coli (EC) titers over a 21-day period following EC induction. Fig. 11c It provides a comparison of VRE titers over a 21-day period following VRE induction. Pathogen titers are expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) / fecal g. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0042] A method for treating a disease or disorder in a subject requiring treatment (e.g., chronic liver disease, cancer neutropenia, and / or infectious complications resulting from a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation) is provided herein, comprising the step of administering a bacterial composition specifically designed to contain a plurality of commensal bacteria specific to the subject. As further described herein, the plurality of commensal bacteria exhibit specific properties (e.g., those disclosed herein) useful for reducing or preventing (i.e., promoting decolonization) and / or reducing the abundance of specific microbial pathogens within the subject's gastrointestinal tract. Additional examples are provided throughout the entire disclosure.

[0043] To facilitate understanding of the present disclosure as disclosed herein, numerous terms and phrases are defined. Additional definitions are provided throughout the detailed description.

[0044] I. definition

[0045] Term " one " or " One It should be noted that "entity" refers to one or more of the entities; for example, "bacterial composition" is understood to refer to one or more bacterial compositions. As such, the term "one" (or "one"), " One or more " and " At least one " is used interchangeably in this institution.

[0046] also, " and / or "When used herein, it shall be considered as a specific disclosure of each of two specified features or components, which may or may not include the other. Accordingly, the term "and / or" used herein in phrases such as "A and / or B" is intended to include "A and B," "A or B," "A (alone)," and "B (alone)." Likewise, the term "and / or" used in phrases such as "A, B, and / or C" is intended to include each of the following aspects: A, B, and C; A, B or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone); B (alone); and C (alone).

[0047] The aspect is language " including Where used in this document, the term " Consisting of " and / or " necessarily composed of It is understood that other similar aspects described as " are also provided. As used herein, " including" silver " including ", " Containing " or " Characterized byIt is synonymous with "and is comprehensive or open-ended, and does not exclude additional, unmentioned elements or method steps. As used herein, " Composed of " excludes any elements, steps, or components not specified in the elements of the claim. As used herein, " Essentially composed of "It does not exclude materials or steps that do not substantially affect the fundamental and novel features of the claims."

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure relates.

[0049] Units, prefixes, and symbols are indicated in the International System of Units (SI) accepted format. Numeric ranges include the number defining the range. Unless otherwise indicated, nucleotide sequences are written from left to right in a 5' to 3' orientation. Amino acid sequences are written from left to right in an amino to carboxy orientation. The headings provided herein are not intended to limit the various aspects of the disclosure and may be limited by reference to the entire specification. Accordingly, terms defined immediately below are more fully defined by reference to the entire specification.

[0050] A term preceding a number or a series of numbers " at least" is understood to include any number adjacent to the term "at least" and any subsequent number or integer that may be logically included, as is evident from the context. For example, the number of nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule must be an integer. For example, "at least 18 nucleotides of a 21-nucleotide nucleic acid molecule" means that 18, 19, 20, or 21 nucleotides possess the indicated characteristic. It is understood that when preceding a series of numbers or a range, "at least" may modify each number sequentially or as a range. "At least" is also not limited to integers (for example, "at least 5%" includes 5.0%, 5.1%, and 5.18% without considering significant digits).

[0051] Terms used in this document " approximately " or " approximately “Applied to one or more values ​​of interest, unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident from the context (except where such numbers exceed 100% of possible values), refers to values ​​similar to the mentioned reference value and values ​​within a range of values ​​falling within 25%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or less in either direction (up or down) from the mentioned reference value. Where the term “approximately” or “about” is applied herein to a specific value, values ​​without the term “approximately” or “about” are also disclosed herein.

[0052] As described herein, it should be understood that any concentration range, percentage range, ratio range, or integer range includes any integer value within the cited range and, where appropriate, a fraction thereof (e.g., one-tenth or one-hundredth of an integer) unless otherwise indicated.

[0053] Terms used in this document " treat ", " treating ", and " therapy " refers to any type of intervention or process performed on a subject or administered an active agent (e.g., any bacterial composition provided herein) for the purpose of reversing, alleviating, improving, inhibiting, preventing, or delaying the progression, development, severity, or relapse of symptoms, complications, conditions, or biochemical indications associated with the disease or condition described herein (e.g., chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation). As used herein, the term " treat ", " treating ", and " therapy " refers to the administration of an effective dose or an effective dosage. As further described herein, in some aspects, treating the disease or disorder described herein includes reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in subjects suffering from the disease or disorder.

[0054] Terms used in this document " prevent ", " prevent " and " prevention "This refers to partially or completely delaying the onset of the disease or disorder described herein; partially or completely delaying the onset of one or more symptoms, characteristics, or clinical signs of the disease or disorder described herein; partially or completely delaying the onset of one or more symptoms, characteristics, or signs of the disease or disorder described herein; partially or completely delaying the progression of the disease or disorder described herein; and / or reducing the risk of the development of pathologies associated with the disease or disorder described herein. In some aspects, any bacterial composition provided herein may help prevent the occurrence of infection in a subject suffering from the disease or disorder described herein. As further described herein, in some aspects, by preventing the occurrence of infection, the bacterial composition provided herein may help treat the disease or disorder in a subject.

[0055] Term " microbiota "It refers to an ecological community of microorganisms occurring (sustainably or transiently) within and on animal subjects, typically mammals such as humans, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (bacteriophages, i.e., phages).

[0056] Term " Microbiome "Refers to the genetic contents of microbial communities inhabiting the human body and on it, both continuously and transiently, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (including bacterial viruses (i.e., phages)," and " genetic contents It includes genomic DNA, RNA such as ribosomal RNA, epigenome, plasmids, and all other types of genetic information.

[0057] Term " ecological niche " or " hiatus A niche refers to the ecological space occupied by an organism or group of organisms. A niche describes how an organism, population, or organisms respond to the distribution of resources, physical parameters (e.g., host tissue space), and competitors (e.g., by growing when resources are abundant and predators, parasites, and pathogens are scarce), and how this alters these factors (e.g., by restricting access to resources for other organisms and acting as a food source for predators and consumers of prey).

[0058] Term " Gut microbiome imbalance"The term refers to the state of the microbiome in the GI tract or other body regions within a subject, including mucosal or skin surfaces, in which the normal diversity and / or function of the ecological network is impaired. Such unhealthy state may be attributed to a decrease in diversity, the overgrowth of one or more pathogens or pathogenic organisms, symbionts that can cause disease only when specific genetic and / or environmental conditions are present in the subject, or a change to an ecological microbial network that no longer provides essential functions to the host subject and therefore no longer promotes health. As described herein, in some aspects, diseases or disorders that can be treated by the present disclosure (e.g., chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or diseases or disorders associated with solid organ transplantation) may be associated with intestinal microbial imbalance.

[0059] Terms used in this document " Working taxonomic unit " or " OTU "(or plural, " OTUs"") refers to the terminal leaf of the phylogenetic tree and is defined by nucleic acid sequences, e.g., the entire genome or specific gene sequences, and all sequences that share sequence identity with these nucleic acid sequences at the species level. In some aspects, a specific gene sequence may be a 16S rDNA sequence or a part of a 16S rDNA sequence. In some aspects, the entire genomes of two entities are sequenced and compared. In some aspects, selected regions, e.g., multiple locus sequence tags (MLST), specific genes, or sets of genes may be genetically compared. In some aspects, OTUs sharing more than 97% average nucleotide identity across a variable region of the entire 16S or 16S rDNA, e.g., the V4 region, are considered the same OTU (e.g., Claesson MJ, Wang Q, O'Sullivan O, Greene-Diniz R, Cole JR, Ros RP, and O'Toole P W. 2010). Comparison of two next-generation sequencing technologies for resolving highly complex microbiome composition using tandem variable 16s rRNA gene regions. Nucleic Acids Res 38: e200. Konstantinidis KT, Ramette A, and Tiedje J M. 2006. The bacterial species definition in the genomic era. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361: 1929-1940). Where the complete genome is involved, an MLST, a specific gene, or a set of gene OTUs sharing more than 95% average nucleotide identity is considered the same OTU (e.g., Achtman M, and Wagner M. 2008. Microbial diversity and the genetic nature of microbial species. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6: 431-440. Konstantinidis KT, Ramette A, and Tiedje J M. 2006. The bacterial species definition in the genomic era. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci (Refer to 361: 1929-1940). OTUs are frequently defined by comparing sequences between organisms. Generally, sequences with less than 95% sequence identity are not considered to form part of the same OTU. In some cases, an OTU is characterized by a combination of nucleotide markers, genes, and / or single nucleotide variants (SNVs). In some aspects, the referenced gene is a highly conserved gene (e.g., "housekeeping" genes). The features defining an OTU may be a combination of those mentioned above. Such characterization uses, for example, WGS data or whole genome sequences. If OTUs are identical, they will generally share common functional features.

[0060] Terms used in this document " phylogenetic tree "Physician tree" refers to a graphical representation of the evolutionary relationship between one gene sequence and another, generated using a defined set of phylogenetic reconstruction algorithms (e.g., parsimony, maximum likelihood, or Bayesian). Nodes in a phylogenetic tree represent distinct ancestral sequences, and the confidence of any node is provided by bootstrap or Bayesian posterior probabilities, which measure divergence uncertainty.

[0061] Identification and reference to bacterial species described herein may be identified throughout this disclosure, including drawings, tables, and sequence lists. Where a taxonomic name is used or referenced for a specific bacterium, the bacterium may have previously had different taxonomic name(s), and it is understood that those skilled in the art will have resources available to identify the previous taxonomic name, relate it to those described herein, or both, as is used in the art. Such resources may be found in the literature (Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archea and Bacteria (1 st Ed.); Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (2 nd Ed.); the online version available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com / doi / book / 10.1002 / 9781118960608; and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database available online at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / taxonomy, including but not limited to these.

[0062] Terms used in this document " object ", " individual ", and " patient " may be used interchangeably and may refer to any animal subject, including humans, laboratory animals (e.g., primates, rats, mice), livestock (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, turkeys, and chickens), and domestic pets (e.g., dogs, cats, and rodents).

[0063] of the host organism Colonization " includes the non-transient residence of bacteria or other microscopic organisms. In the case of treatment, the host is generally at this institution "Object", typically referred to as humans or other mammals. As used herein, "of the gastrointestinal tract (or any other microbial niche) of a host subject by pathogenic bacteria Reduces colonization " or " Inhibiting colonization "It includes not only a reduction in the residence time of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract but also a reduction in the number (or concentration) of pathogens attached within the gastrointestinal tract or to the lumen surface of the gastrointestinal tract. The reduction in attached pathogens can be demonstrated, for example, by biopsy samples, or the reduction can be measured indirectly, for example, by measuring the pathogenic burden in the feces of mammalian hosts."

[0064] Terms used in this document " suppress "(Or its grammatical variations) include both complete inhibition and partial inhibition.

[0065] Terms used in this document " Multiple bacteria " refers to a combination of two or more types of bacteria. The " of two or more types of bacteria mixture "It includes the physical coexistence of two bacteria in the same substance or product or physically connected product, as well as the transient co-administration or co-localization of two bacteria."

[0066] In the case of nucleic acids, the term " Substantial homology" indicates that two nucleic acids, or their specified sequences, are identical, including appropriate nucleotide insertions or deletions in at least about 80% of nucleotides, at least about 90% to 95%, or at least about 98% to 99.5% of nucleotides, when optimally aligned and compared. In some aspects, two nucleic acids (e.g., 16S rDNA sequences) are identical in at least about 95%, at least about 95.5%, at least about 96%, at least about 96.5%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.1%, at least about 99.2%, at least about 99.3%, at least about 99.4%, at least about 99.5%, at least about 99.6%, at least about 99.7%, at least about 99.8%, or at least about Substantial homology is shared when there is 99.9% sequence identity. In some respects, bacteria that share substantial homology in their 16S rDNA sequences may be considered the same species. In some respects, bacteria of the same species share one or more functional characteristics (e.g., described herein). Alternatively, substantial homology exists when the segment hybridizes to the strand's complement under selective hybridization conditions.

[0067] In the case of polypeptides, the term " Substantial homology "It indicates that two polypeptides, or their specified sequences, are identical, including appropriate amino acid insertions or deletions in at least about 80% of the amino acids, at least about 90% to 95%, or at least about 98% to 99.5% of the amino acids when optimally aligned and compared.

[0068] The percentage of identity between two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences, taking into account the number of gaps that need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences and the length of each gap (i.e., homology % = identical positions / total positions x 100). The comparison of sequences between two sequences and the determination of the percentage of identity can be achieved using a mathematical algorithm, for example, as described in the non-limiting examples below.

[0069] The percentage of identity between two nucleotide sequences can be determined using the NWSgapdna.CMP matrix and the GAP program of the GCG software package (available at worldwideweb.gcg.com) using gap weights 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 and length weights 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. The percentage of identity between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences can also be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller included in the ALIGN program (version 2.0) using the PAM120 weighted residue table, gap length penalty 12, and gap penalty 4 ( CABIOS The percentage of identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the Blossum 62 matrix or PAM250 matrix, and using gap weights 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, or 4 and length weights 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, as described in the GAP program of the GCG software package (available at worldwideweb.gcg.com) by Needleman and Wunsch ( J. Mol. Biol It can be determined using the algorithm. (48):444-453 (1970)).

[0070] The nucleic acid and protein sequences described herein are for performing a search of public databases, for example, to identify related sequences. Query order It can be used additionally as ". Such searches are literature (Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol This can be performed using the NBLAST and XBLAST programs (version 2.0) of *. 215:403-10). A BLAST nucleotide search can be performed with the NBLAST program, score = 100, word length = 12 to obtain nucleotide sequences homologous to the nucleic acid molecules described herein. A BLAST protein search can be performed with the XBLAST program, score = 50, word length = 3 to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to the protein molecules described herein. To obtain gap alignments for comparison purposes, the literature (Altschul et al. , (1997) Nucleic Acids Res Gapped BLAST may be used as described in . 25(17):3389-3402). When using BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, the basic parameters of each program (e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST) may be used. Refer to worldwideweb.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Other methods for determining identity known in the art may be used.

[0071] Terms used in this document " ug " and " uM Each μg " and " μM It is used interchangeably with ".

[0072] II. Bacteria (microbiome) composition

[0073] Some aspects of the present disclosure are compositions comprising a plurality of bacteria including one or more OTUs or bacterial species that are useful for treating and / or preventing a wide range of diseases and disorders (e.g., those described herein). bacterial compositionThis relates to "). Unless otherwise indicated, the plurality of bacteria may include any suitable bacteria useful for treating and / or preventing the diseases and disorders described herein. For example, in some aspects, the plurality of bacteria may include bacteria derived directly from the feces of a healthy human or bacteria fermented from a culture containing a biologically pure culture (" Cultured bacteria Includes "). As shown herein, " of a healthy human subject Bacteria derived directly from feces "(or an equivalent thereof) refers to uncultured bacteria. Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, each of which is derived directly from human feces (e.g., feces of a healthy human subject). Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, each of which is cultured. In some aspects, the plurality of bacteria comprises a mixture of bacteria derived directly from the feces of a healthy human subject and cultured bacteria. In some aspects, the plurality of bacteria useful in the present disclosure comprises spores, vegetative cells, or both. Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, and one or more of the plurality of bacteria are in a spore form. In some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, and each of the plurality of bacteria is in a spore form. In some aspects, such bacterial compositions do not contain any vegetative cells. In some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, and one or more of the plurality of bacteria are in a vegetative form. Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, and one or more of the plurality of bacteria are in a spore form and one of the plurality of bacteria The above is a form of vegetative reproduction.

[0074] Non-limiting examples of bacteria useful in the present disclosure are characterized by the following: (1) being able to engraft (long-term and / or transiently) when administered to a subject; (2) having anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ability to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion from epithelial cells in vitro, downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1); (3) not being able to induce pro-inflammatory activity; (4) being able to produce secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) being able to produce tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolpropionic acid); (6) being able to restore and / or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., determined by a primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); or (7) short-chain It may be able to produce fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate), (8) inhibit HDAC activity, (9) produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate), (10) express catalase activity, (11) possess alpha-fucosidase activity, (12) produce vitamin B (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxamine (B6)), (13) reduce fecal calprotectin levels, (14) fail to activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5), (15) activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2), (16) restore colonization resistance, or (17) utilize a wide range of carbon sources; (18) may reduce VRE pathogen possession, (19) may reduce CRE pathogen possession, (20) may reduce E. coli pathogen possession, (21) may reduce claudin-2 expression, (22) may be associated with a healthy human gut microbiome,(23) may not be associated with toxin and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and may not have significant cytopathogenic effects in vitro, (24) may be susceptible to several clinically relevant antibiotics, (25) may not be associated with genes possibly responsible for both observed antibiotic resistance and infectiousness, (26) may inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, or (27) may be associated with one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colon organoids (e.g., inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, interferon type I signaling, interferon type II signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, implamasome, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof) (28) can downregulate (these), (29) can decrease the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells, (30) can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) related to CD8+ T cell activation and / or function, (31) can improve and / or enhance the tolerance to chemotherapy agents, (32) can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, (33) can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors, (34) can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-biased IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages, or (34) produce a less inflammatory response in macrophages than that of donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based compositions) but similar pathogen defense. (35) anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13,It may increase the amount of TGF-β, (36) reduce colon inflammation, (37) treat and / or prevent diseases or disorders, such as those related to intestinal microbial imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract, (38) increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the subject, (39) improve mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in the subject compared to a reference control (e.g., untreated patients or subjects prior to treatment), (40) promote mucosal healing, (41) reduce the incidence of infection, (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in the subject, (43) reduce the abundance of infection biomarkers in the subject's stool, (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the administered species in the subject's stool, or (45) reduce the majority of the species administered into the subject's intestines (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80% of the administered species relative to the number of colony-forming units administered). 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) or all of them may be targeted and delivered (e.g., by encapsulating or by coating one or more components of the administration form with an enteric polymer), (46) may provide therapeutic benefit after a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject, (47) may be co-administered with additional agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (48) may be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (49) may use lactulose, (50) may include a lantibiotic operon, (51) liver disease (, for example It may be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver cirrhosis, (52) and includes one or more features selected from any combination thereof.

[0075] As is evident from the present disclosure, where a plurality of bacteria comprises one or more bacterial species exhibiting one or more of the aforementioned features, in some aspects, the plurality of bacteria also exhibit one or more of the aforementioned features. Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, or a plurality of bacteria exhibiting all of the aforementioned features. In some aspects, the plurality of bacteria exhibit one of the provided features. In some aspects, the plurality of bacteria exhibit two of the provided features. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit three of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit three of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit four of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit five of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit six of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit seven of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit eight of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit nine of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit ten of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit eleven of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit twelve of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit thirteen of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit fourteen of the features provided above.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 15 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 16 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 17 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 18 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 19 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 20 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 21 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 22 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 23 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 24 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 25 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 26 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 27 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 28 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 29 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 30 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 31 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 32 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 33 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 34 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 35 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 36 ​​of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 37 of the features provided above.In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 38 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 39 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 40 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 41 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 42 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 43 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 44 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 45 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 46 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 47 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 48 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 49 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit 50 of the features provided above. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria exhibit all of the features provided above. A bacterial composition formulated to specifically exhibit one or more of the aforementioned features is also described herein as ". Designed composition It is referred to as "(DE) (or a variant thereof)." A non-limiting example of a designed composition is provided in FIG. 1. The composition was designed as a set of a core strain (i.e., strain core) and R-group supplements to optimize function.

[0076] In some aspects, multiple bacteria originated from a cultured consortium. In some aspects, multiple bacteria originated from a donor-derived spore preparation.

[0077] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are bacterial species capable of engraftment when administered to a subject (in this invention " bacterial speciesIncludes (also referred to as "). For example, in some aspects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that can engraft for a long period when administered to a subject (" Organ engraftment Includes "). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are bacterial species that can temporarily engraft when administered to a subject (" Temporary graft Includes "). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include both long-term and transient engrafts.

[0078] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria includes bacterial species capable of having anti-inflammatory activity. Non-limiting examples of such anti-inflammatory activity include (a) inhibition of TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells, (b) the ability to downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1), or (c) both of (a) and (b). Thus, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria includes bacterial species capable of inhibiting TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria includes bacterial species capable of downregulating the expression of one or more inflammatory genes. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria includes both bacterial species capable of inhibiting TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and bacterial species capable of downregulating the expression of one or more inflammatory genes. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of inhibiting TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulating the expression of one or more inflammatory genes. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species that cannot induce pro-inflammatory activity.

[0079] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing metabolites useful for treating the diseases or disorders described herein. For example, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing secondary bile acids. Non-limiting examples of secondary bile acids include 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activities. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing tryptophan metabolites. Non-limiting examples of tryptophan metabolites include indole, 3-methylindole, and indolepropionic acid. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing short-chain fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of short-chain fatty acids include butyrate and propionate. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing medium-chain fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of medium-chain fatty acids include valerate and hexanoate. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing vitamin B. Non-limiting examples of vitamin B include thiamine (B1) and pyridoxamine (B6). Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition useful in the present disclosure comprises a plurality of bacteria, and the plurality of bacteria comprises one or more bacterial species capable of producing (a) secondary bile acids, (b) tryptophan metabolites, (c) short-chain fatty acids, (d) medium-chain fatty acids, (e) vitamin B, or (f) any combination of (a) to (e).

[0080] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of restoring and / or maintaining epithelial integrity, for example, as determined by a primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of inhibiting HDAC activity. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of expressing catalase activity. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of having alpha-fucosidase activity. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing fecal calprotectin levels. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species unable to activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5). In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of activating the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2). In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of restoring colonization resistance. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of utilizing a wide range of carbon sources. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing VRE pathogen retention. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include CRE (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ( Klebsiella pneumonia)) Includes bacterial species capable of reducing pathogen retention. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the clearance of Escherichia coli (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli) pathogens. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing claudin-2 expression. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species that may be associated with the healthy human gut microbiota. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis). In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species that are not associated with toxin and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and may not have significant cytopathogenic effects in vitro. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species susceptible to several clinically relevant antibiotics. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species that may not be associated with genes potentially responsible for both observed antibiotic resistance and infectiousness. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of downregulating one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colon organoids. Non-limiting examples of such genes include those related to inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, interferon type I signaling, interferon type II signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasome, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors in CD8+ T cells.Non-limiting examples of inhibitory receptors include TIGIT, TIM-3, and LAG-3. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the expression of one or more genes / proteins associated with CD8+ T activation and / or function. Non-limiting examples of such genes include CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, and IFN-γ. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria may enhance and / or improve tolerance to chemotherapy agents (e.g., those that cause or are associated with neutropenia). Non-limiting examples of such chemotherapy agents are provided elsewhere in this application. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of inducing an anti-inflammatory IL-10-biased IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of inducing a less inflammatory response in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based compositions), but a similar pathogen defense response. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators. Non-limiting examples of such anti-inflammatory mediators include IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, and TGF-β. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing colon inflammation. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of treating and / or preventing diseases or disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, such as those associated with gut microbial imbalance. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects. In some aspects, a number of bacteria include bacterial species that can improve mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in subjects compared to reference controls (e.g., untreated patients or subjects prior to treatment).In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of promoting mucosal healing. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the occurrence of infection. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the need for antibiotics in the subject. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the abundance of infection biomarkers in the subject's stool. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the abundance of biomarkers of the administered species in the subject's stool. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria include bacterial species capable of targeting and delivering most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) or all of the species administered into the subject's intestine. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises bacterial species capable of obtaining therapeutic benefit after a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises bacterial species capable of co-administering with additional agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises bacterial species capable of co-administering with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises bacterial species capable of utilizing lactulose. In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises bacterial species comprising a lantibiotic operon. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that bacterial species comprising a lantibiotic operon can produce lantibiotics. Thus, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises bacterial species capable of producing lantibiotics.

[0081] In some aspects, the bacterial composition useful in the present disclosure comprises a plurality of bacteria, and the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, and the first type and the second type are not identical. In some aspects, the first type of bacteria is the following bacterial species: Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides )(At this hospital "Blautia pseudocoides( Blautia pseudococcoides Also referred to as )"), Blautia hominis ( Blautia hominis ), Blautia obeum( Blautia obeum ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 )(At this institution "Intestinibacillus masiliensis( Intestinibacillus massiliensis Also referred to as )"), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense )(At this hospital "Enterocluster aldenensis( Enterocloster aldenensis Also referred to as )"), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae )(At this institution "Enterocluster Voltea( Enterocloster bolteae Also referred to as )"), Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium scindens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum )(At this hospital "Clostridium transplantifacale( Clostridium transplantifaecale Also referred to as )"), Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi )(At this hospital "Eisenbergiela masiliensis( Eisenbergiella massiliensis Also referred to as )"), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum )(At this institute "Thomas Clavelia ramosa( Thomasclavelia ramosa Also referred to as )"), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena cortorta ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor plautii), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii )(At this institution "Hungatela Hathaway( Hungatella hathewayi Also referred to as )"), Intestinimonas butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longoviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 )(At this hospital "Clostridium poseensis( Clostridium phoceensis Also referred to as )"), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimaliae timonensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Murimonas intestini ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 )(At this hospital "Niamaybacter masiliensis( Niameybacter massiliensis Also referred to as )"), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 )(At this hospital "Clostridium Leptum( Clostridium leptum Also referred to as )"), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ). In some aspects, the second species of bacteria is the following bacterial species: Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Human blues ), Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ). In some aspects, the first species and the second species are both Unerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Human blues ), Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is selected from ).

[0082] Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition provided herein comprises a plurality of bacteria, and the plurality of bacteria are as follows: Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0083] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering...further includes ). Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition useful in the present disclosure comprises a plurality of bacteria, which is Emergencia timonesis ( Emergency steering ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0084] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), or Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), or Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) and below: Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens One or more of ) and the following: Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ...in addition to one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: *Intestinimonas butyriciproducens* ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0085] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducensIt additionally includes ). Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a plurality of bacteria, which is Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: *Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0086] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0087] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) additionally includes. Therefore, in some aspects, multiple bacteria include Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayiIncludes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0088] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) or Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) additionally includes. Therefore, in some aspects, multiple bacteria are Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) or Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Faecalisatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0089] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) additionally includes. In this respect, multiple bacteria include Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Faecalisatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0090] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0091] In some respects, multiple bacteria are *Masilimaliae timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), or Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include *Malisimalia timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), or Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: *Malisimalea timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0092] In some respects, multiple bacteria are *Masilimaliae timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include *Malisimalia timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: *Malisimalea timonensis* ( Massilimalia helminensis ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0093] In some respects, multiple bacteria are *Hungatela efluvii* ( Hungatella effluvii ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Hungatella efluviii ( Hungatella effluvii ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: *Hungatella efluviii* ( Hungatella effluvii ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0094] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Butyricococcus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2 It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Butyricicoccus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2 ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Butyricicoccus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0095] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Turicibacter sanguinis( Blood fluke ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0096] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0097] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Niameybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Niameybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Niameybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0098] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ).

[0099] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0100] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0101] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0102] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria are Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0103] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Blautia hominis ( Human blues In some respects, multiple bacteria are Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) and doing: Clostridium innocoum Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Blautia hominis ( Human blues ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0104] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) additionally includes. In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0105] In some respects, multiple bacteria are Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi It additionally includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi ) and below: Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes one or more of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria each include: Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plautii( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi Includes ).

[0106] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (12) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (13) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (14) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (12) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (13) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (14) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (12) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (13) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (14) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile It consists of ).

[0107] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), and (14) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ) and (14) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ) and (14) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering It consists of ).

[0108] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), and (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 Includes ).

[0109] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), and (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), and (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 It consists of ).

[0110] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), and (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), and (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), and (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 It consists of ).

[0111] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), (20) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (21) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (22) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), (20) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (21) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (22) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica(Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), (20) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (21) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (22) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It consists of ).

[0112] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), and (13) Blautia obeum( I am dying.Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), and (13) Blautia obeum( I am dying. It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), and (13) Blautia obeum( I am dying. It consists of ).

[0113] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (16) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering), (15) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (16) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (16) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 It consists of ).

[0114] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), (18) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (19) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), (18) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (19) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), (18) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (19) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 It consists of ).

[0115] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (13) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (13) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (13) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering It consists of ).

[0116] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (18) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (19) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (18) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (19) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (18) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (19) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke It consists of ).

[0117] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia hominis( Human blues ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (13) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), (14) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), (15) Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), and (16) Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi Includes ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria include (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia hominis( Human blues ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (13) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), (14) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), (15) Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), and (16) Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi It is essentially composed of ). In some aspects, multiple bacteria are (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia hominis( Human blues ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (13) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), (14) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), (15) Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), and (16) Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi It consists of ).

[0118] In some respects, Unerotrocnemius colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented at SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81. In some aspects, Unerotrounkus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented at SEQ No. 5, SEQ No. 79, SEQ No. 80, or SEQ No. 81. In some aspects, Blautia cocoides ( Blautia coccoides ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented at SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78. In some aspects, Blautia cocoides ( Blautia coccoides ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78. In some aspects, Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 29, SEQ NO. 32, SEQ NO. 33, SEQ NO. 34, SEQ NO. 35, SEQ NO. 36, or SEQ NO. 37. In some aspects, Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 29, SEQ NO. 32, SEQ NO. 33, SEQ NO. 34, SEQ NO. 35, SEQ NO. 36, or SEQ NO. 37. In some aspects, Blautia obeum ( I am dying.) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in SEQ NO. 26, SEQ NO. 158, SEQ NO. 159, SEQ NO. 160, SEQ NO. 161, SEQ NO. 162, or SEQ NO. 163. In some aspects, Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 26, SEQ NO. 158, SEQ NO. 159, SEQ NO. 160, SEQ NO. 161, SEQ NO. 162, or SEQ NO. 163. In some aspects, Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 30, SEQ NO. 38, SEQ NO. 39, SEQ NO. 40, SEQ NO. 41, SEQ NO. 42, SEQ NO. 43, SEQ NO. 44, SEQ NO. 166, SEQ NO. 167, SEQ NO. 168, SEQ NO. 169, SEQ NO. 170, SEQ NO. 171, or SEQ NO. 172. In some aspects, Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 30, SEQ NO. 38, SEQ NO. 39, SEQ NO. 40, SEQ NO. 41, SEQ NO. 42, SEQ NO. 43, SEQ NO. 44, SEQ NO. 166, SEQ NO. 167, SEQ NO. 168, SEQ NO. 169, SEQ NO. 170, SEQ NO. 171, or SEQ NO. 172. In some aspects, Butyricicocus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 20 or SEQ NO. 132. In some aspects, Butyricicocus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2 ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ No. 20 or SEQ No. 132. In some aspects, Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104. In some aspects, Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104. In some aspects, Clostridium vortea ( Clostridium boltea ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70. In some aspects, Clostridium vortea ( Clostridium boltea ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70. In some aspects, Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65. In some aspects, Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65. In some aspects, Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114. In some aspects, Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114. In some aspects, Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 13 or SEQ NO. 110. In some aspects, Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110. In some aspects, Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 25, SEQ NO. 50, SEQ NO. 51, SEQ NO. 52, SEQ NO. 53, SEQ NO. 54, SEQ NO. 55, SEQ NO. 56, SEQ NO. 57, SEQ NO. 58, SEQ NO. 59, SEQ NO. 60, SEQ NO. 152, SEQ NO. 153, SEQ NO. 154, SEQ NO. 155, SEQ NO. 156, or SEQ NO. 157. In some aspects, Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 25, SEQ NO. 50, SEQ NO. 51, SEQ NO. 52, SEQ NO. 53, SEQ NO. 54, SEQ NO. 55, SEQ NO. 56, SEQ NO. 57, SEQ NO. 58, SEQ NO. 59, SEQ NO. 60, SEQ NO. 152, SEQ NO. 153, SEQ NO. 154, SEQ NO. 155, SEQ NO. 156, or SEQ NO. 157. In some aspects, Eisenbergiela tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 12, SEQ NO. 106, SEQ NO. 107, SEQ NO. 108, or SEQ NO. 109. In some aspects, Eisenbergiela tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 12, SEQ NO. 106, SEQ NO. 107, SEQ NO. 108, or SEQ NO. 109. In some aspects, Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 97, SEQ NO. 98, SEQ NO. 99, SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116. In some aspects, Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 97, SEQ NO. 98, SEQ NO. 99, SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116. In some aspects, Erysipelatoclostridium lamosis ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91. In some aspects, Erysipelatoclostridium lamosis ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91. In some aspects, Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 31, SEQ NO. 45, SEQ NO. 46, SEQ NO. 47, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 49, SEQ NO. 173, SEQ NO. 174, SEQ NO. 175, SEQ NO. 176, or SEQ NO. 177. In some aspects, Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO. 177. In some aspects, paecalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena cortorta ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 16, SEQ NO. 117, SEQ NO. 118, SEQ NO. 119, or SEQ NO. 120. In some aspects, paecalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena cortorta ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 16, SEQ NO. 117, SEQ NO. 118, SEQ NO. 119, or SEQ NO. 120. In some aspects, faecalicatena orotica ( Faecalicatena orotica ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, and SEQ NO. 96. In some aspects, facalicatena orotica ( Faecalicatena orotica ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96. In some aspects, Flavonifractor flautii ( Flavonifractor plautii ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented at SEQ No. 3. In some aspects, Flavonifractor flauti ( Flavonifractor plautii) contains the 16S rDNA sequence presented at Sequence No. 3. In some aspects, Hungatela efluvia ( Hungatella effluvia ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 19, SEQ NO. 126, SEQ NO. 127, SEQ NO. 128, SEQ NO. 129, SEQ NO. 130, or SEQ NO. 131. In some aspects, Hungatela efluvia ( Hungatella effluvia ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 19, SEQ NO. 126, SEQ NO. 127, SEQ NO. 128, SEQ NO. 129, SEQ NO. 130, or SEQ NO. 131. In some aspects, Intestinimonas butirisiproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105. In some aspects, Intestinimonas butirisiproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ No. 11 or SEQ No. 105. In some aspects, Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 21 or SEQ NO. 133. In some aspects, Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 21 or SEQ ID NO. 133. In some aspects, lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longoviformis) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 17, SEQ NO. 28, or SEQ NO. 165. In some aspects, lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longoviformis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 28, or SEQ ID NO. 165. In some aspects, Lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longoviformis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 17, SEQ NO. 121, SEQ NO. 122, SEQ NO. 123, or SEQ NO. 124. In some aspects, lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longoviformis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented at SEQ ID NO. 28 or SEQ ID NO. 165. In some aspects, Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented at SEQ No. 27 or SEQ No. 164. In some aspects, Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ No. 27 or SEQ No. 164. In some aspects, Masilimaliae timonensis ( Massilimaliae timonensis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented at SEQ NO. 18 or SEQ NO. 125. In some aspects, Masilimaliae timonensis ( Massilimaliae timonensis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented at SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125. In some aspects, Murimonas intestini ( Murimonas intestini) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented at SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86. In some aspects, Murimonas intestini ( Murimonas intestini ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented at SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86. In some aspects, Niameybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 22 or SEQ NO. 134. In some aspects, Niamaybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO. 134. In some aspects, the luminococcus casea NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 24, SEQ NO. 149, SEQ NO. 150, or SEQ NO. 151. In some aspects, the luminococcus casea NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) includes the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. 149, SEQ ID NO. 150, or SEQ ID NO. 151. In some aspects, Thyrisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 23, SEQ NO. 135, SEQ NO. 136, SEQ NO. 137, SEQ NO. 138, SEQ NO. 139, SEQ NO. 140, SEQ NO. 141, SEQ NO. 142, SEQ NO. 143, SEQ NO. 144, SEQ NO. 145, SEQ NO. 146, SEQ NO. 147, or SEQ NO. 148. In some aspects, Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, or sequence number 148.

[0119] As is evident from the present disclosure, any bacterial species provided herein may be described based on their 16S rDNA sequence. Accordingly, in some aspects, the bacterial composition useful in the present disclosure comprises a plurality of bacteria, and the plurality of bacteria are SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, SEQ NO. 81, SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 26, SEQ NO. 158, SEQ NO. 159, SEQ NO. 160, SEQ NO. 161, SEQ NO. 162, SEQ NO. 163, SEQ NO. 20, SEQ NO. 132, SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 10266, SEQ NO. 10367, SEQ NO. 10468, SEQ NO. 69, SEQ NO. 70, SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, SEQ NO. 65, SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 117, Sequence No. 118, Sequence No. 119, Sequence No. 120, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3,Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 165, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, Sequence No. 24, Sequence No. 149, Sequence No. 150, Sequence No. 151, Sequence No. 23, Sequence No. 135, Sequence No. 136, Sequence No. 137, Sequence No. 138, Sequence No. 139, Sequence No. 140, Sequence No. 141, Sequence No. 142, Sequence No. 143, Sequence No. 144, Sequence No. 145, Sequence No. 146, Sequence No. 147, Sequence No. 148, Sequence No. 29, Sequence No. 32, Sequence No. 33, Sequence No. 34, Sequence No. 35, Sequence No. 36, or Sequence No. 37, Sequence No. 30, Sequence No. 38, Sequence No. 39, Sequence No. 40, Sequence No. 41, Sequence No. 42, Sequence No. 43, Sequence No. 44, Sequence No. 166, Sequence No. 167, Sequence No. 168, Sequence No. 169, Sequence No. 170, Sequence No. 171, Sequence No. 172, Sequence No. 31, Sequence No. 45, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%,It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0120] In some aspects, multiple bacteria are sequence no. 1, sequence no. 61, sequence no. 62, sequence no. 63, sequence no. 64, sequence no. 65, sequence no. 2, sequence no. 66, sequence no. 67, sequence no. 68, sequence no. 69, sequence no. 70, sequence no. 3, sequence no. 71, sequence no. 72, sequence no. 73, sequence no. 4, sequence no. 74, sequence no. 75, sequence no. 76, sequence no. 77, sequence no. 78, sequence no. 5, sequence no. 79, sequence no. 80, sequence no. 81, sequence no. 6, sequence no. 82, sequence no. 83, sequence no. 84, sequence no. 85, sequence no. 86, sequence no. 7, sequence no. 87, sequence no. 88, sequence no. 89, sequence no. 90, sequence no. 91, sequence no. 8, sequence no. 92, sequence no. 93, sequence no. It includes a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of 94, sequence number 95, sequence number 96, sequence number 10, sequence number 10, sequence number 10, or sequence number 109.

[0121] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 97, SEQ NO. 98, or SEQ NO. 99. Thus, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria has at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, or at least about 99.A first 16S rDNA sequence having 5% or about 100% sequence identity and Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, Sequence No. 70, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, Sequence No. 78, Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, Sequence No. 81, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. It includes a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of 91, sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, sequence number 96, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, sequence number 96, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, sequence number 104, sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109.

[0122] In some respects, multiple bacteria each do the following:

[0123] (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 9, or

[0124] (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65,

[0125] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70,

[0126] (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73,

[0127] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100%,

[0128] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81,

[0129] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86,

[0130] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91, or about 100% sequence identity,

[0131] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96,

[0132] (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101

[0133] (k) comprises a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109.

[0134] In some aspects, a plurality of bacteria comprises (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 13 or SEQ NO. 110; (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114; or (d) further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116.

[0135] Accordingly, in some aspects, a plurality of bacteria have a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 11 or SEQ NO. 105, and SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, SEQ NO. 65, SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, SEQ NO. 70, SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, SEQ NO. 73, SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, SEQ NO. 81, SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. A 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, Sequence No. 104, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% of the sequence It includes a second 16S rDNA sequence having identity.

[0136] In some respects, multiple bacteria each do the following:

[0137] (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO. 105;

[0138] (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65,

[0139] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70,

[0140] (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73,

[0141] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100%,

[0142] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81,

[0143] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86,

[0144] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91, or about 100% sequence identity,

[0145] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96,

[0146] (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101

[0147] (k) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109.

[0148] In some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 13 or SEQ NO. 110, and SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, SEQ NO. 65, SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, SEQ NO. 73, SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, SEQ NO. 81, SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, SEQ NO. 86, SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, sequence It includes a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109.

[0149] In some respects, multiple bacteria each do the following:

[0150] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110;

[0151] (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65,

[0152] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70,

[0153] (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73,

[0154] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100%,

[0155] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81,

[0156] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86,

[0157] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91, or about 100% sequence identity,

[0158] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96,

[0159] (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101

[0160] (k) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109.

[0161] In some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114, and SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, SEQ NO. 65, SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, SEQ NO. 70, SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, SEQ NO. 73, SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, SEQ NO. 81, sequence The 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, Sequence No. 104, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least It includes a second 16S rDNA sequence having about 99.5% or about 100% sequence identity.

[0162] In some respects, multiple bacteria each do the following:

[0163] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 14, SEQ ID NO. 111, SEQ ID NO. 112, SEQ ID NO. 113, or SEQ ID NO. 114;

[0164] (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65,

[0165] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70,

[0166] (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73,

[0167] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100%,

[0168] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81,

[0169] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, SEQ NO. 86

[0170] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91, or about 100% sequence identity,

[0171] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96,

[0172] (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101

[0173] (k) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109.

[0174] In some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116, and SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, SEQ NO. 65, SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, SEQ NO. 70, SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, SEQ NO. 73, SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, SEQ NO. 81, SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. The 16S rDNA sequence presented in any one of 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, Sequence No. 104, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about It includes a second 16S rDNA sequence having 100% sequence identity.

[0175] In some respects, multiple bacteria each do the following:

[0176] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO. 116;

[0177] (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, or SEQ NO. 65,

[0178] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70,

[0179] (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 3, SEQ NO. 71, SEQ NO. 72, or SEQ NO. 73,

[0180] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 48, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78, SEQ NO. 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100%,

[0181] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81,

[0182] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, SEQ NO. 86

[0183] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 7, SEQ NO. 87, SEQ NO. 88, SEQ NO. 89, SEQ NO. 90, or SEQ NO. 91, or about 100% sequence identity,

[0184] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96,

[0185] (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101

[0186] (k) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109.

[0187] In some respects, multiple bacteria each do the following:

[0188] (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO....

Claims

Claim 1 A method for treating chronic liver disease in a subject requiring treatment, comprising the step of administering a composition containing a plurality of bacteria to the subject, wherein the plurality of bacteria includes a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type independently include Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Blautia hominis ), Blautia obeum( Blautia obeum ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium scindens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena cortorta ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor plautii ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longoviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimaliae timonensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Murimonas intestini ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis A method selected from ). Claim 2 A method according to claim 1, wherein treating chronic liver disease comprises (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing the symptoms of the chronic liver disease in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Claim 3 A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chronic liver disease is caused by toxins (e.g., prolonged alcohol and / or drug abuse), infection, metabolic disorder, autoimmune disease, genetic abnormality, or a combination thereof and / or is related thereto. Claim 4 A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chronic liver disease is idiopathic. Claim 5 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the chronic liver disease comprises cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis (including viral and alcoholic hepatitis), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Budd-Chiari syndrome, and combinations thereof. Claim 6 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the chronic liver disease comprises abdominal fluid accumulation (ascites), vomiting, gallstones, itching, jaundice, renal failure, muscle loss, anorexia, bruising, spider-like veins of the skin, fatigue, weight loss, confusion, edema of the legs (e.g., ankles), portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and combinations thereof. Claim 7 A method for treating neutropenia in a subject requiring treatment, comprising the step of administering a composition containing a plurality of bacteria to the subject, wherein the plurality of bacteria includes a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type independently include Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Blautia hominis ), Blautia obeum( Blautia obeum ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium scindens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena cortorta ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor plautii ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longoviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimaliae timonensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Murimonas intestini ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis A method selected from ). Claim 8 A method according to claim 7, wherein treating neutropenia comprises (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing symptoms of neutropenia in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Claim 9 A method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the neutropenia comprises cancer neutropenia. Claim 10 A method for treating a disease or disorder related to solid organ transplantation in a subject requiring treatment, comprising the step of administering a composition containing a plurality of bacteria to the subject, wherein the plurality of bacteria includes a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type independently include Unaerotruncus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Blautia hominis ), Blautia obeum( Blautia obeum ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium scindens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena cortorta ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor plautii ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longoviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimaliae timonensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Murimonas intestini ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis A method selected from ). Claim 11 A method according to claim 10, wherein treating a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation comprises (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing symptoms of a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Claim 12 A method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the solid organ transplant comprises a liver transplant. Claim 13 In any one of claims 1 to 12, the first species and / or the second species is Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor plautii ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Murimonas intestini ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi A method selected from ). Claim 14 In any one of claims 1 to 13, the plurality of bacteria are each Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor plautii ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Murimonas intestini ), Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), and Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi A method including ). Claim 15 In paragraph 13 or 14, the plurality of bacteria are Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis A method that additionally includes ). Claim 16 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 15, the plurality of bacteria are Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens A method that additionally includes ). Claim 17 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 16, the plurality of bacteria are Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum A method that additionally includes ). Claim 18 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 17, the plurality of bacteria are Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium scindens A method that additionally includes ). Claim 19 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 18, the plurality of bacteria are Faecalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena cortorta A method that additionally includes ). Claim 20 In any one of claims 13 to 19, the plurality of bacteria are Lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longoviformis A method that additionally includes ). Claim 21 In any one of claims 13 to 20, the plurality of bacteria are Masilimaria timonensis ( Massilimaliae timonensis A method that additionally includes ). Claim 22 In any one of claims 13 to 21, the plurality of bacteria are Hungatella efluvii ( Hungatella effluvii A method that additionally includes ). Claim 23 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 22, the plurality of bacteria are Butyricicoccus sp2 ( Butyricicoccus sp2 A method that additionally includes ). Claim 24 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 23, the plurality of bacteria are Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis A method that additionally includes ). Claim 25 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 24, the plurality of bacteria are Niamaybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 A method that additionally includes ). 26 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 25, the plurality of bacteria are Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke A method that additionally includes ). 27 In any one of claims 13 to 26, the plurality of bacteria are Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 A method that additionally includes ). 28 In any one of claims 13 to 27, the plurality of bacteria are Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea A method that additionally includes ). 29 In any one of claims 13 to 28, the plurality of bacteria are Blautia obeum ( I am dying. A method that additionally includes ). 30 In any one of claims 13 to 29, the plurality of bacteria are Lawsonibacter_sp7 ( Lawsonibacter_sp7 A method that additionally includes ). 31 In any one of claims 13 to 30, the plurality of bacteria are Blautia hominis ( Human blues A method that additionally includes ). 32 In any one of claims 13 to 31, the plurality of bacteria are Blautia wexleya ( Blautia wexlerae A method that additionally includes ). 33 In any one of paragraphs 13 to 32, the plurality of bacteria are Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi A method that additionally includes ). 34 In any one of claims 1 to 12, the plurality of bacteria are bacteria of the following species: (a) (1) Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (12) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (13) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (14) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ); (b) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ) and (14) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ); (c) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), and (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ); (d) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), and (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ); (e) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), (18) Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), (19) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), (20) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (21) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (22) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ); (f) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), and (13) Blautia obeum( I am dying. );(g) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (16) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ); (h) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), (18) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), and (19) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 );(i) (1) Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), and (13) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ); (j) (1) Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (10) Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium symbiosis( Clostridium symbiosum ), (13) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (14) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (15) Pecalicatena cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), (16) Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), (17) Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), (18) Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), and (19) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke ); or (k) (1) Clostridium innocoum( Clostridium innocuum ), (2) Clostridium voltea( Clostridium boltea ), (3) Flavonifractor flauti( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), (4) Blautia hominis( Human blues ), (5) Unearthruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), (6) Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), (7) Erysifelloclostridium lamoseum( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), (8) Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), (9) Emergencia timonensis( Emergency steering ), (10) Clostridium aldehyde( Clostridium aldenense ), (11) Eisenbergiela Tai( Eisenbergiella tayi ), (12) Clostridium syndense( Clostridium difficile ), (13) Dorea longicatena( Long-chained dorea ), (14) Blautia obeum( I am dying. ), (15) Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), and (16) Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi A method comprising, essentially composed of, or composed of ) 35 In any one of paragraphs 1 through 34, (a) Unerotrounkus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 5, SEQ NO. 79, SEQ NO. 80, or SEQ NO. 81; or (b) Blautia cocoides ( Blautia coccoides ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 4, SEQ NO. 74, SEQ NO. 75, SEQ NO. 76, SEQ NO. 77, or SEQ NO. 78; or (c) Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 29, SEQ NO. 32, SEQ NO. 33, SEQ NO. 34, SEQ NO. 35, SEQ NO. 36, or SEQ NO. 37; or (d) Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 26; or (e) Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 30, SEQ NO. 38, SEQ NO. 39, SEQ NO. 40, SEQ NO. 41, SEQ NO. 42, SEQ NO. 43, SEQ NO. 44, SEQ NO. 166, SEQ NO. 167, SEQ NO. 168, SEQ NO. 169, SEQ NO. 170, SEQ NO. 171, or SEQ NO. 172; or (f) Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 20 or SEQ No. 132; or (g) Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104; or (h) Clostridium vortea ( Clostridium boltea ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 2, SEQ NO. 66, SEQ NO. 67, SEQ NO. 68, SEQ NO. 69, or SEQ NO. 70; or (i) Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in SEQ NO. 1, SEQ NO. 61, SEQ NO. 62, SEQ NO. 63, SEQ NO. 64, and SEQ NO. 65; or (j) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium difficile ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114; or (k) Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110; or; (l) Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. 50, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. 52, SEQ ID NO. 53, SEQ ID NO. 54, SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 60, SEQ ID NO. 152, SEQ ID NO. 153, SEQ ID NO. 154, SEQ ID NO. 155, SEQ ID NO. 156, or SEQ ID NO. 157; or (m) Eisenbergiela tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 12, SEQ NO. 106, SEQ NO. 107, SEQ NO. 108, or SEQ NO. 109; or (n) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 9, SEQ NO. 97, SEQ NO. 98, SEQ NO. 99, SEQ NO. 15, SEQ NO. 115, or SEQ NO. 116; or (o) Erysipelatoclostridium lamosis ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ ID NO. 87, SEQ ID NO. 88, SEQ ID NO. 89, SEQ ID NO. 90, or SEQ ID NO. 91; or (p) Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO. 177; or (q) Pacalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 16; or (r) paecalicatena orotica ( Faecalicatena orotica ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or SEQ NO. 96; or (s) flavonifractor flauti ( Flavonifractor of the lungs ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 3; or (t) Hungatela efluvia ( Hungatella effluvia ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 126, SEQ ID NO. 127, SEQ ID NO. 128, SEQ ID NO. 129, SEQ ID NO. 130, or SEQ ID NO. 131; or (u) Intestinimonas butirisproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO. 105; or (v) Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 21; or (w) lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longiviformis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 17, SEQ NO. 121, SEQ NO. 122, SEQ NO. 123, SEQ NO. 124, SEQ NO. 28, or SEQ NO. 165; (x) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 27 or SEQ No. 164; or (y) Masilimalia timonensis ( Massilimalia helminensis ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125; or (z) Murimonas intestinii ( Intestinal worms ) comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 6, SEQ NO. 82, SEQ NO. 83, SEQ NO. 84, SEQ NO. 85, or SEQ NO. 86; or (aa) Niamaybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ) comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ No. 22 or SEQ No. 134; (bb) luminococcus casea NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 24, SEQ NO. 149, SEQ NO. 150, or SEQ NO. 151; (cc) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke A method comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 23, sequence no. 135, sequence no. 136, sequence no. 137, sequence no. 138, sequence no. 139, sequence no. 140, sequence no. 141, sequence no. 142, sequence no. 143, sequence no. 144, sequence no. 145, sequence no. 146, sequence no. 147, or sequence no.

148. 36 In any one of paragraphs 1 through 35, (a) Unerotrounkus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, or SEQ ID NO. 81; or (b) Blautia cocoides ( Blautia coccoides ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, or SEQ ID NO. 78; or (c) Blautia hominis ( Human blues ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 29, SEQ ID NO. 32, SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 35, SEQ ID NO. 36, or SEQ ID NO. 37; or (d) Blautia obeum ( I am dying. ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, or SEQ ID NO. 163; or (e) Blautia wexlerae ( Blautia wexlerae ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 30, SEQ ID NO. 38, SEQ ID NO. 39, SEQ ID NO. 40, SEQ ID NO. 41, SEQ ID NO. 42, SEQ ID NO. 43, SEQ ID NO. 44, SEQ ID NO. 166, SEQ ID NO. 167, SEQ ID NO. 168, SEQ ID NO. 169, SEQ ID NO. 170, SEQ ID NO. 171, or SEQ ID NO. 172; (f) Butyricycocus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ No. 20 or SEQ No. 132; or (g) Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104; or (h) Clostridium vortea ( Clostridium boltea ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO. 134; or (i) Clostridium innocoum ( Clostridium innocuum ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 61, SEQ ID NO. 62, SEQ ID NO. 63, SEQ ID NO. 64, or SEQ ID NO. 65; (j) Clostridium syndense ( Clostridium scindens ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ NO. 14, SEQ NO. 111, SEQ NO. 112, SEQ NO. 113, or SEQ NO. 114; (k) Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110; (l) Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. 50, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. 52, SEQ ID NO. 53, SEQ ID NO. 54, SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 58, SEQ ID NO. 59, SEQ ID NO. 60, SEQ ID NO. 152, SEQ ID NO. 153, SEQ ID NO. 154, SEQ ID NO. 155, SEQ ID NO. 156, or SEQ ID NO. 157; (m) Eisenbergiela tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109; or (n) Emergencia timonensis ( Emergencia timonensis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 9, SEQ ID NO. 97, SEQ ID NO. 98, SEQ ID NO. 99, SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO. 116; (o) Erysipelatoclostridium lamosis ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ ID NO. 87, SEQ ID NO. 88, SEQ ID NO. 89, SEQ ID NO. 90, or SEQ ID NO. 91; (p) Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO. 177; or (q) Paecalicatena cortorta ( Faecalicatena cortorta ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 16; or (r) paecalicatena orotica ( Faecalicatena orotica ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 8, SEQ ID NO. 92, SEQ ID NO. 93, SEQ ID NO. 94, SEQ ID NO. 95, or SEQ ID NO. 96;(s) flavonifractor flauti ( Flavonifractor plautii ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 3; or (t) Hungatela efluvia ( Hungatella effluvia ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 126, SEQ ID NO. 127, SEQ ID NO. 128, SEQ ID NO. 129, SEQ ID NO. 130, or SEQ ID NO. 131; or (u) Intestinimonas butirisproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO. 105; or (v) Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ No. 21; (w) lactonifactor longobiformis ( Lactonifactor longoviformis ) includes the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 121, SEQ ID NO. 122, SEQ ID NO. 123, SEQ ID NO. 124, SEQ ID NO. 28, or SEQ ID NO. 165; (x) Lawsonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 27 or SEQ ID NO. 164; (y) Masilimaliae timonensis ( Massilimaliae timonensis ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125; (z) Murimonas intestini ( Murimonas intestini ) comprises the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 82, SEQ ID NO. 83, SEQ ID NO. 84, SEQ ID NO. 85, or SEQ ID NO. 86; or (aa) Niamaybacter sp1 ( Niameybacter sp1 ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO. 134; (bb) Luminococcus casea NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ) comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. 149, SEQ ID NO. 150, or SEQ ID NO. 151; (cc) Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Turicibacter sanguinis A method comprising the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 23, SEQ ID NO. 135, SEQ ID NO. 136, SEQ ID NO. 137, SEQ ID NO. 138, SEQ ID NO. 139, SEQ ID NO. 140, SEQ ID NO. 141, SEQ ID NO. 142, SEQ ID NO. 143, SEQ ID NO. 144, SEQ ID NO. 145, SEQ ID NO. 146, SEQ ID NO. 147, or SEQ ID NO.

148. Claim 37 A method for treating chronic liver disease in a subject requiring treatment, comprising the step of administering to the subject a composition comprising a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, SEQ ID NO. 163, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 132, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 100, SEQ ID NO. 101, SEQ ID NO. 10266, SEQ ID NO. 10367, SEQ ID NO. 10468, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID NO. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3,Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, Sequence No. 24, Sequence No. 149, Sequence No. 150, Sequence No. 151, Sequence No. 23, Sequence No. 135, Sequence No. 136, Sequence No. 137, Sequence No. 138, Sequence No. 139, Sequence No. 140, Sequence No. 141, Sequence No. 142, Sequence No. 143, Sequence No. 144, Sequence No. 145, Sequence No. 146, Sequence No. 147, Sequence No. 148, Sequence No. 29, Sequence No. 32, Sequence No. 33, Sequence No. 34, Sequence No. 35, Sequence No. 36, or Sequence No. 37, Sequence No. 30, Sequence No. 38, Sequence No. 39, Sequence No. 40, Sequence No. 41, Sequence No. 42, Sequence No. 43, Sequence No. 44, Sequence No. 166, Sequence No. 167, Sequence No. 168, Sequence No. 169, Sequence No. 170, Sequence No. 171, Sequence No. 172, Sequence No. 31, Sequence No. 45, Sequence No. A method comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO.

177. Claim 38 A method according to claim 37, wherein treating chronic liver disease comprises (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing symptoms of chronic liver disease in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Claim 39 A method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the chronic liver disease includes cirrhosis. Claim 40 In paragraph 39, the method wherein the above-mentioned liver cirrhosis includes decompensated liver cirrhosis. Claim 41 A method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the chronic liver disease includes hepatic encephalopathy. Claim 42 A method for treating neutropenia in a subject requiring treatment, comprising the step of administering to the subject a composition comprising a first type of bacterium and a second type of bacterium, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, SEQ ID NO. 163, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 132, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 100, SEQ ID NO. 101, SEQ ID NO. 10266, SEQ ID NO. 10367, SEQ ID NO. 10468, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID Number 1, Sequence Number 61, Sequence Number 62, Sequence Number 63, Sequence Number 64, Sequence Number 65, Sequence Number 14, Sequence Number 111, Sequence Number 112, Sequence Number 113, Sequence Number 114, Sequence Number 13, Sequence Number 110, Sequence Number 25, Sequence Number 50, Sequence Number 51, Sequence Number 52, Sequence Number 53, Sequence Number 54, Sequence Number 55, Sequence Number 56, Sequence Number 57, Sequence Number 58, Sequence Number 59, Sequence Number 60, Sequence Number 152, Sequence Number 153, Sequence Number 154, Sequence Number 155, Sequence Number 156, Sequence Number 157, Sequence Number 12, Sequence Number 106, Sequence Number 107, Sequence Number 108, Sequence Number 109, Sequence Number 9, Sequence Number 97, Sequence Number 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95,Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, Sequence No. 24, Sequence No. 149, Sequence No. 150, Sequence No. 151, Sequence No. 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, sequence number 172, sequence number 31, the sequence presented in any one of sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%,or a method comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 99% sequence identity. Claim 43 In paragraph 42, a method of treating neutropenia comprising (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing symptoms of neutropenia in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Claim 44 A method according to claim 42 or 43, wherein the neutropenia comprises cancer neutropenia. Claim 45 A method for treating a disease or disorder related to solid organ transplantation in a subject requiring treatment, comprising the step of administering a composition comprising a first type of bacterium and a second type of bacterium, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and the first type and the second type are independently SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, SEQ ID NO. 163, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 132, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 100, SEQ ID NO. 101, SEQ ID NO. 10266, SEQ ID NO. 10367, SEQ ID NO. 10468, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID NO. Number 1, Sequence Number 61, Sequence Number 62, Sequence Number 63, Sequence Number 64, Sequence Number 65, Sequence Number 14, Sequence Number 111, Sequence Number 112, Sequence Number 113, Sequence Number 114, Sequence Number 13, Sequence Number 110, Sequence Number 25, Sequence Number 50, Sequence Number 51, Sequence Number 52, Sequence Number 53, Sequence Number 54, Sequence Number 55, Sequence Number 56, Sequence Number 57, Sequence Number 58, Sequence Number 59, Sequence Number 60, Sequence Number 152, Sequence Number 153, Sequence Number 154, Sequence Number 155, Sequence Number 156, Sequence Number 157, Sequence Number 12, Sequence Number 106, Sequence Number 107, Sequence Number 108, Sequence Number 109, Sequence Number 9, Sequence Number 97, Sequence Number 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94,Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73, Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, Sequence No. 24, Sequence No. 149, Sequence No. 150, Sequence No. 151, sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, sequence number 172, the sequence presented in any one of sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number 174, sequence number 175, sequence number 176, or sequence number 177, and at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%,or a method comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 99% sequence identity. Claim 46 A method according to claim 45, wherein treating a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation comprises (i) reducing or preventing the occurrence of infection in the subject, (ii) reducing or preventing symptoms of a disease or disorder associated with solid organ transplantation in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). Claim 47 A method according to claim 45 or 46, wherein the solid organ transplant comprises a liver transplant. Claim 48 In any one of claims 37 to 47, the first type and / or the second type is sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, sequence number 65, sequence number 2, sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69, sequence number 70, sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, sequence number 73, sequence number 4, sequence number 74, sequence number 75, sequence number 76, sequence number 77, sequence number 78, sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, sequence number 81, sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, sequence number 86, sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, sequence number A method comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of 91, sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, sequence number 96, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, sequence number 104, sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109. Claim 49 In any one of claims 37 to 48, the plurality of bacteria each of the following sequences: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, and Sequence No. 65; or (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70; (c) at least 95%, at least about (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, and at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81; (f) to Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the presented sequences, (g) Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90,or a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 91, (h) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 8, SEQ NO. 92, SEQ NO. 93, SEQ NO. 94, SEQ NO. 95, or at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 100, SEQ NO. 101, SEQ NO. 102, SEQ NO. 103, or SEQ NO. 104, (i) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ NO. 10, SEQ NO. 104, and (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO. 109, a method comprising: (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO. 106, SEQ ID NO. 107, SEQ ID NO. 108, or SEQ ID NO.

109. Claim 50 A method according to claim 48 or 49, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences presented in SEQ ID NO. 9, SEQ ID NO. 97, SEQ ID NO. 98, and SEQ ID NO.

99. Claim 51 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 50, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO.

116. Claim 52 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 51, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO.

105. Claim 53 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 52, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO.

110. Claim 54 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 53, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 14, SEQ ID NO. 111, SEQ ID NO. 112, SEQ ID NO. 113, or SEQ ID NO.

114. Claim 55 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 54, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO.

16. Claim 56 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 55, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 17. Claim 57 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 56, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 28. Claim 58 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 57, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO.

125. Claim 59 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 58, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 126, SEQ ID NO. 127, SEQ ID NO. 128, SEQ ID NO. 129, SEQ ID NO. 130, or SEQ ID NO.

131. Claim 60 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 59, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 20 or SEQ ID NO.

132. Claim 61 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 60, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 21 or SEQ ID NO.

133. Claim 62 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 61, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO.

134. Claim 63 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 62, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 23, SEQ ID NO. 135, SEQ ID NO. 136, SEQ ID NO. 137, SEQ ID NO. 138, SEQ ID NO. 140, SEQ ID NO. 141, SEQ ID NO. 142, SEQ ID NO. 143, SEQ ID NO. 144, SEQ ID NO. 145, SEQ ID NO. 146, SEQ ID NO. 147, or SEQ ID NO.

148. Claim 64 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 63, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. 149, SEQ ID NO. 150, or SEQ ID NO.

151. Claim 65 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 64, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. 50, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. 52, SEQ ID NO. 53, SEQ ID NO. 54, SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 58, SEQ ID NO. 59, SEQ ID NO. 60, SEQ ID NO. 152, SEQ ID NO. 153, SEQ ID NO. 154, SEQ ID NO. 155, SEQ ID NO. 156, or SEQ ID NO.

157. Claim 66 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 65, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, or SEQ ID NO.

163. Claim 67 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 66, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 27 or SEQ ID NO.

164. Claim 68 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 67, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 29, SEQ ID NO. 32, SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 35, SEQ ID NO. 36, or SEQ ID NO.

37. Claim 69 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 68, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in sequence no. 30, sequence no. 38, sequence no. 39, sequence no. 40, sequence no. 41, sequence no. 42, sequence no. 43, sequence no. 44, sequence no. 166, sequence no. 167, sequence no. 168, sequence no. 169, sequence no. 170, sequence no. 171, or sequence no.

172. Claim 70 A method according to any one of claims 48 to 69, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO.

177. Claim 71 In any one of claims 48 to 70, the plurality of bacteria comprises (a) (1) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, or sequence number 65, (2) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 2, sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69, or sequence number 70, (3) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, or sequence number 73, (4) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 4, sequence number 74, sequence number 75, sequence number 76, sequence number 77, or sequence number 78, (5) a 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) (7) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86, (7) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (8) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, or Sequence No. 99, (10) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, or Sequence No. 104, (11) Sequence No. 11 or The 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 105, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (14) sequence number 14,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, and (15) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116; (b) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86; (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91; (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96; (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105; (11) to sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109 The presented 16S rDNA sequence,(12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, and (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116; (c) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 28 or sequence number 165, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151; (d) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) sequence number 10,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (10) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105; (11) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109; (12) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110; (13) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114; (14) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116; (15) the 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 16 16S rDNA sequences, (16) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, and (17) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151; (e) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, or sequence number 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 2, sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69, or sequence number 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, or sequence number 73, (4) sequence number 4, or the 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 74, sequence number 75, sequence number 76, sequence number 77, and sequence number 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, and sequence number 85,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 24, sequence number 149, sequence number 150, or sequence number 151; (f) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 4, sequence number 74, sequence number 75, sequence number 76, sequence number 77, or sequence number 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented at sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96 rDNA sequence, (9) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 18 or sequence number 125, (18) sequence number 19, sequence number 126,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 127, sequence number 128, sequence number 129, sequence number 130, or sequence number 131, and (19) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 20 or sequence number 132; (g) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86; (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91; (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96; (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105; (11) to sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109 The presented 16S rDNA sequence,(12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 18 or sequence number 125, (18) sequence number 19, sequence number 126, sequence number 127, sequence number 128, sequence number 129, sequence (19) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 130 or sequence number 131, (20) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 20 or sequence number 132, (21) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 22 or sequence number 134, and (22) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, or sequence number 148; (h) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, or sequence number 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 2, sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69, or sequence number 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, or sequence number 73,(4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, or Sequence No. 86, (7) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (8) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 98, sequence number 99, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) sequence number 25, sequence number 50, sequence number 51, sequence number 52, sequence number 53, sequence number 54, sequence number 55, sequence number 56, sequence number 57, sequence number 58, sequence number 59, sequence number 60, sequence number 152, sequence number 153, sequence number 154, sequence number 155, sequence number 156, or sequence number The 16S rDNA sequence presented in 157, and (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 26, sequence number 158, sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number 163; (i) (1) sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 2, sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69, or sequence number 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, or sequence number 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 4, sequence number 74, sequence number 75, sequence number 76, sequence number 77, or sequence number 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) sequence number 7, (8) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, (8) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, or Sequence No. 104, (10) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 11 or Sequence No. 105, (11) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 13 or Sequence No. 110 Sequences, (13) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) sequence number 26, sequence number 158,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number 163, and (16) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 27 or sequence number 164; (j) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86; (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91; (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96; (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104; (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105; (11) to sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109 The presented 16S rDNA sequence,(12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 14, SEQ ID NO. 111, SEQ ID NO. 112, SEQ ID NO. 113, or SEQ ID NO. 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO. 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 28 or SEQ ID NO. 165, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. 149, SEQ ID NO. 150, or SEQ ID NO. 151, (18) SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, or The 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 163, and (19) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 27 or sequence number 164; (k) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 1, Sequence No. 61, Sequence No. 62, Sequence No. 63, Sequence No. 64, or Sequence No. 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 2, Sequence No. 66, Sequence No. 67, Sequence No. 68, Sequence No. 69, or Sequence No. 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, or Sequence No. 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 4, Sequence No. 74, Sequence No. 75, Sequence No. 76, Sequence No. 77, or Sequence No. 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 5, Sequence No. 79, Sequence No. 80, or Sequence No. 81, (6) Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 8, sequence number 92, sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, and (13) sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 16S rDNA sequences presented in 116; (l) (1) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, or sequence number 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 2, or sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69, or sequence number 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, or sequence number 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 4, sequence number 74, sequence number 75, sequence number 76, sequence number 77, or sequence number 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) sequence number 6, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) sequence number 8, sequence number 92,16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 93, sequence number 94, sequence number 95, or sequence number 96, (9) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 10, sequence number 100, sequence number 101, sequence number 102, sequence number 103, or sequence number 104, (10) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 11 or sequence number 105, (11) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 12, sequence number 106, sequence number 107, sequence number 108, or sequence number 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 13 or sequence number 110, (13) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 14, sequence number 111, sequence number 112, sequence number 113, or sequence number 114, (14) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 15, sequence number 115, or sequence number 116, (15) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 16, (16) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 17, sequence number 121, sequence number 122, sequence number 123, or sequence number 124, (17) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 21 or sequence number 133, (18) 16S rDNA sequences presented in sequence number 22 or sequence number 134, and (19) sequence number 23, sequence number 135, sequence number 136, sequence number 137, sequence number 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 147, or sequence number 148; or (m) (1) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 1, sequence number 61, sequence number 62, sequence number 63, sequence number 64, or sequence number 65, (2) sequence number 2, sequence number 66, sequence number 67, sequence number 68, sequence number 69,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 3, sequence number 71, sequence number 72, or sequence number 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 5, sequence number 79, sequence number 80, or sequence number 81, (6) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 6, sequence number 82, sequence number 83, sequence number 84, sequence number 85, or sequence number 86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 7, sequence number 87, sequence number 88, sequence number 89, sequence number 90, or sequence number 91, (8) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, or Sequence No. 96, (9) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, or Sequence No. 99, (10) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, or Sequence No. 104, (11) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No. 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequences presented in Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, or Sequence No. 114, (13) Sequence No. 25, sequence number 50, sequence number 51, sequence number 52, sequence number 53, sequence number 54, sequence number 55, sequence number 56, sequence number 57, sequence number 58, sequence number 59, sequence number 60, sequence number 152, sequence number 153, sequence number 154, sequence number 155, sequence number 156,or the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 157, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 26, sequence number 158, sequence number 159, sequence number 160, sequence number 161, sequence number 162, or sequence number 163, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence presented in sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, or sequence number 172, and (16) sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence number 49, sequence number 173, sequence number A method comprising, essentially consisting of, or composed of the 16S rDNA sequence presented in 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO.

177. Claim 72 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein, after administration, colonization of pathogenic microorganisms is reduced or prevented in the gastrointestinal tract of the subject. Claim 73 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 72, wherein, after administration, the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms is reduced in the gastrointestinal tract of the subject. Claim 74 In paragraph 72 or 73, the pathogenic microorganism is Enterococcus faecium ( Enterococcus faecium )(e.g., vancomycin-resistant), Enterococcus species, Klebsiella pneumoniae( Klebsiella pneumonia )(e.g., carbapenem-resistant), E. coli( E. coli ), Staphilococcus aureus( Staphylococcus aureus ), Asinetobacter Maumannii( Acinetobacter baumannii ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), Enterobacter( Enterobacter ) species, Enterococcus faecalis( Enterococcus faecalis ), Klebsiella oxytoca ( Klebsiella oxytoca ), Klebsiella aerogenes ( Klebsiella aerogenes ), Streptococcus( Streptococcus A method comprising ) species, or a combination thereof. Claim 75 In any one of claims 1 to 74, the plurality of bacteria are: (1) capable of engrafting (long-term and / or transiently) when administered to a subject; (2) capable of having anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ability to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion from epithelial cells in vitro, downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1); (3) unable to induce pro-inflammatory activity; (4) capable of producing secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) capable of producing tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid); (6) capable of restoring epithelial integrity as determined by a primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay; or (7) short-chain fatty acids (e.g. (e.g., butyrate, propionate) can be produced, (8) can inhibit HDAC activity, (9) can produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate), (10) can express catalase activity, (11) can have alpha-fucosidase activity, (12) can produce vitamin B (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxamine (B6)), (13) can reduce fecal calprotectin levels, (14) cannot activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5), (15) can activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2), (16) can restore colonization resistance, (17) can utilize a wide range of carbon sources; (18) may reduce VRE pathogen possession, (19) may reduce CRE pathogen possession, (20) may reduce E. coli pathogen possession, (21) may reduce claudin-2 expression, (22) may be associated with a healthy human gut microbiome,(23) may not be associated with toxin and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and may not have significant cytopathogenic effects in vitro, (24) may be susceptible to several clinically relevant antibiotics, (25) may not be associated with genes possibly responsible for both observed antibiotic resistance and infectiousness, (26) may inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, or (27) may be associated with one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colon organoids (e.g., inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, interferon type I signaling, interferon type II signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, implamasome, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof) (28) can downregulate (these things), (29) can decrease the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells, (30) can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) related to CD8+ T cell activation and / or function, (31) can improve and / or enhance the tolerance to chemotherapy agents, (32) can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, (33) can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors, (34) can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-biased IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages, or (34) induce a less inflammatory response in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based compositions) but provide similar pathogen defense. (35) anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13,It may increase the amount of TGF-β, (36) reduce colon inflammation, (37) treat and / or prevent diseases or disorders, such as those related to intestinal microbial imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract, (38) increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the subject, (39) improve mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in the subject compared to a reference control (e.g., untreated patients or subjects prior to treatment), (40) promote mucosal healing, (41) reduce the incidence of infection, (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in the subject, (43) reduce the abundance of infection biomarkers in the subject's stool, (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the administered species in the subject's stool, or (45) reduce the majority of the species administered into the subject's intestines (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80% of the administered species relative to the number of colony-forming units administered). 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) or all thereof may be targeted and delivered (e.g., by encapsulating or by coating one or more components of the administration form with an enteric polymer), (46) may provide therapeutic benefit after a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject, (47) may be co-administered with additional agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (48) may be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (49) may use lactulose, (50) may include a lantibiotic operon, or (51) may be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), or (52) a method further comprising additional species of bacteria having one or more features selected from any combination thereof. Claim 76 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 75, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is capable of forming spores. Claim 77 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 76, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is in the form of a spore. Claim 78 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 77, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is not a vegetative reproductive cell. Claim 79 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 78, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Claim 80 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 79, wherein the composition is administered orally to the subject. Claim 81 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 80, further comprising the step of administering an additional preparation to the subject. Claim 82 A method according to claim 81, wherein the additional agent is administered simultaneously with or sequentially with the composition. Claim 83 A method according to claim 81 or 82, wherein the additional preparation comprises standard care. Claim 84 In paragraph 83, the method wherein the standard care comprises lactulose, rifaximin, or both. Claim 85 A composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and wherein the first type and the second type are independently Aneurythronchus colihominis ( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Blautia hominis( Blautia hominis ), Blautia obeum( Blautia obeum ), Blautia Wexlerae( Blautia wexlerae ), Butyricicoccus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium bolteae ), Clostridium innococum( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium scindens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Dorea longicatena ( Dorea longicatena ), Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi ), Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Eubacterium calanderi ( Eubacterium callanderi ), Pecalicatena Cortorta( Faecalicatena short-lived ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ), Intestinimonas Butirisiproduces( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Intestinimonas masiliensis( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Lactonifactor Longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis ), Rossonibacter_sp7( Lawsonibacter_sp7 ), Masilimaliae timonensis( Massilimalia helminensis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ), Luminokokase NG13 sp6( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 ), or Thurisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke A composition selected from ). 86 A composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and wherein the first type and the second type are independently Clostridium innococum ( Clostridium innocuum ), Clostridium voltea ( Clostridium boltea ), Flavonifractor plauti ( Flavonifractor of the lungs ), Blautia cocoides( Blautia coccoides ), Unearothruncus colihominis( Anaerotruncus colihominis ), Murimonas Intestini( Intestinal worms ), Erysipelatoclostridium lamoseum ( Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum ), Pecalicatena Orotica( Faecalicatena orotica ), Clostridium aldehyde ( Clostridium aldenense ), or Eisenbergiela Tai ( Eisenbergiella tayi A composition selected from ). 87 In paragraph 86, the above plurality of bacteria are Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering A composition further comprising ). 88 In paragraph 86 or 87, the plurality of bacteria are Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ( Intestinimonas butyriciproducens ), Clostridium symbiosis ( Clostridium symbiosum ), Clostridium sindens( Clostridium difficile ), and / or Emergencia timonensis ( Emergency steering A composition further comprising ). 89 In paragraph 86 or 87, the plurality of bacteria are Faecalicate or Cortorta ( Faecalicatena short-lived ) and / or Lactonifactor longobiformis( Lactonifactor longiviformis A composition further comprising ). 90 In any one of paragraphs 86 to 89, the plurality of bacteria are Masilimaria timonensis ( Massilimalia helminensis ), Hungatela Epluviy( Hungatella effluvii ) and / or Butyricococcus sp2( Butyricicoccus sp2 A composition further comprising ). 91 In any one of claims 86 to 90, the plurality of bacteria are Intestinimonas masiliensis ( Intestinimonas massiliensis ), Niameybacter sp1( Niameybacter sp1 ) and / or Thyrisibacter sanguinis ( Blood fluke A composition further comprising ). 92 In any one of claims 86 to 91, the plurality of bacteria are Luminococcus NG13 sp6 ( Ruminococcaceae NG13 sp6 A composition further comprising ). 93 In any one of paragraphs 86 to 92, the plurality of bacteria are Dorea longicatena ( Long-chained dorea A composition further comprising ). 94 In any one of paragraphs 86 to 93, the plurality of bacteria are Blautia obeum ( I am dying. A composition further comprising ). 95 In any one of claims 86 to 94, the plurality of bacteria are Lawsonibacter_sp7 ( Lawsonibacter_sp7 A composition further comprising ). Claim 96 In any one of paragraphs 86 to 95, the plurality of bacteria are Blautia hominis ( Blautia hominis A composition further comprising ). Claim 97 In any one of claims 86 to 96, the plurality of bacteria are Blautia wexleya ( Blautia wexlerae A composition further comprising ). Claim 98 In any one of claims 86 to 97, the plurality of bacteria are Eubacterium calander ( Eubacterium callanderi A composition further comprising ). Claim 99 A composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and wherein the first type and the second type are independently SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, SEQ ID NO. 163, SEQ ID NO. 20, SEQ ID NO. 132, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 100, SEQ ID NO. 101, SEQ ID NO. 10266, SEQ ID NO. 10367, SEQ ID NO. 10468, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID NO. 1, Sequence No. 14, Sequence No. 111, Sequence No. 112, Sequence No. 113, Sequence No. 114, Sequence No. 13, Sequence No. 110, Sequence No. 25, Sequence No. 50, Sequence No. 51, Sequence No. 52, Sequence No. 53, Sequence No. 54, Sequence No. 55, Sequence No. 56, Sequence No. 57, Sequence No. 58, Sequence No. 59, Sequence No. 60, Sequence No. 152, Sequence No. 153, Sequence No. 154, Sequence No. 155, Sequence No. 156, Sequence No. 157, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, Sequence No. 109, Sequence No. 9, Sequence No. 97, Sequence No. 98, Sequence No. 99, Sequence No. 15, Sequence No. 115, Sequence No. 116, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, or Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 16, Sequence No. 8, Sequence No. 92, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 3, Sequence No. 71, Sequence No. 72, Sequence No. 73,Sequence No. 19, Sequence No. 126, Sequence No. 127, Sequence No. 128, Sequence No. 129, Sequence No. 130, Sequence No. 131, Sequence No. 11, Sequence No. 105, Sequence No. 21, Sequence No. 133, Sequence No. 17, Sequence No. 121, Sequence No. 122, Sequence No. 123, Sequence No. 124, Sequence No. 28, Sequence No. 27, Sequence No. 164, Sequence No. 18, Sequence No. 125, Sequence No. 6, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 83, Sequence No. 84, Sequence No. 85, Sequence No. 86, Sequence No. 22, Sequence No. 134, Sequence No. 24, Sequence No. 149, Sequence No. 150, Sequence No. 151, Sequence No. 23, Sequence No. 135, Sequence No. 136, Sequence No. 137, Sequence No. 138, sequence number 139, sequence number 140, sequence number 141, sequence number 142, sequence number 143, sequence number 144, sequence number 145, sequence number 146, sequence number 147, sequence number 148, sequence number 29, sequence number 32, sequence number 33, sequence number 34, sequence number 35, sequence number 36, or sequence number 37, sequence number 30, sequence number 38, sequence number 39, sequence number 40, sequence number 41, sequence number 42, sequence number 43, sequence number 44, sequence number 166, sequence number 167, sequence number 168, sequence number 169, sequence number 170, sequence number 171, sequence number 172, sequence number 31, sequence number 45, sequence number 46, sequence number 47, sequence number 48, sequence A composition comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of No. 49, Sequence No. 173, Sequence No. 174, Sequence No. 175, Sequence No. 176, or Sequence No.

177. Claim 100 A composition comprising a plurality of bacteria, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises a first type of bacteria and a second type of bacteria, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, wherein the first type and the second type are not identical, and wherein the first type and / or the second type is SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 61, SEQ ID NO. 62, SEQ ID NO. 63, SEQ ID NO. 64, SEQ ID NO. 65, SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 66, SEQ ID NO. 67, SEQ ID NO. 68, SEQ ID NO. 69, SEQ ID NO. 70, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 71, SEQ ID NO. 72, SEQ ID NO. 73, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 74, SEQ ID NO. 75, SEQ ID NO. 76, SEQ ID NO. 77, SEQ ID NO. 78, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 79, SEQ ID NO. 80, SEQ ID NO. 81, SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 82, SEQ ID NO. 83, SEQ ID NO. 84, SEQ ID NO. 85, SEQ ID NO. A composition comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of No. 86, Sequence No. 7, Sequence No. 87, Sequence No. 88, Sequence No. 89, Sequence No. 90, Sequence No. 91, Sequence No. 82, Sequence No. 93, Sequence No. 94, Sequence No. 95, Sequence No. 96, Sequence No. 10, Sequence No. 100, Sequence No. 101, Sequence No. 102, Sequence No. 103, Sequence No. 104, Sequence No. 12, Sequence No. 106, Sequence No. 107, Sequence No. 108, or Sequence No.

109. Claim 101 A composition according to claim 100, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 9, SEQ ID NO. 97, SEQ ID NO. 98, or SEQ ID NO.

99. Claim 102 In claim 100 or 101, the plurality of bacteria further comprises (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 11 or SEQ ID NO. 105; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 13 or SEQ ID NO. 110; (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 14, SEQ ID NO. 111, SEQ ID NO. 112, SEQ ID NO. 113, or SEQ ID NO. 114; and / or (d) A composition comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 15, SEQ ID NO. 115, or SEQ ID NO.

116. Claim 103 A composition according to any one of claims 100 to 102, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 16, and / or (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 17, SEQ ID NO. 121, SEQ ID NO. 122, SEQ ID NO. 123, SEQ ID NO. 124, SEQ ID NO. 28, or SEQ ID NO.

165. Claim 104 In any one of claims 100 to 103, the plurality of bacteria further comprises: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 18 or SEQ ID NO. 125; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 19, SEQ ID NO. 126, SEQ ID NO. 127, SEQ ID NO. 128, SEQ ID NO. 129, SEQ ID NO. 130, or SEQ ID NO. 131; and / or (c) at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about A composition comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having 99% sequence identity. Claim 105 In any one of claims 96 to 100, the plurality of bacteria further comprises (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 21 or SEQ ID NO. 133, (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 22 or SEQ ID NO. 134, and / or (c) SEQ ID NO. 23, SEQ ID NO. 135, SEQ ID NO. 136, SEQ ID NO. 137, SEQ ID NO. 138, SEQ ID NO. 139, SEQ ID NO. 140, SEQ ID NO. 141, SEQ ID NO. 142, SEQ ID NO. 143, SEQ ID NO. 144, SEQ ID NO. 145, SEQ ID NO. A composition comprising a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in 146, SEQ ID NO. 147, or SEQ ID NO.

148. Claim 106 A composition according to any one of claims 96 to 101, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 24, SEQ ID NO. 149, SEQ ID NO. 150, or SEQ ID NO.

151. Claim 107 A composition according to any one of claims 100 to 106, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 25, SEQ ID NO. 50, SEQ ID NO. 51, SEQ ID NO. 52, SEQ ID NO. 53, SEQ ID NO. 54, SEQ ID NO. 55, SEQ ID NO. 56, SEQ ID NO. 57, SEQ ID NO. 58, SEQ ID NO. 59, SEQ ID NO. 60, SEQ ID NO. 152, SEQ ID NO. 153, SEQ ID NO. 154, SEQ ID NO. 155, SEQ ID NO. 156, or SEQ ID NO.

157. Claim 108 A composition according to any one of claims 100 to 107, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 26, SEQ ID NO. 158, SEQ ID NO. 159, SEQ ID NO. 160, SEQ ID NO. 161, SEQ ID NO. 162, or SEQ ID NO.

163. Claim 109 A composition according to any one of claims 100 to 108, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprise a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO. 27 or SEQ ID NO.

164. Claim 110 In any one of claims 100 to 109, the plurality of bacteria additionally (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with a sequence presented in any one of SEQ ID NO. 29, SEQ ID NO. 32, SEQ ID NO. 33, SEQ ID NO. 34, SEQ ID NO. 35, SEQ ID NO. 36, or SEQ ID NO. 37; (b) at least 95%, at least about 96%, or at least about A composition comprising: a 16S rDNA sequence having 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity; and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence presented in any one of SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 45, SEQ ID NO. 46, SEQ ID NO. 47, SEQ ID NO. 48, SEQ ID NO. 49, SEQ ID NO. 173, SEQ ID NO. 174, SEQ ID NO. 175, SEQ ID NO. 176, or SEQ ID NO.

177. Claim 111 In any one of claims 85 to 110, the plurality of bacteria may (1) engraft (long-term and / or transiently) when administered to a subject, (2) possess anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ability to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion from epithelial cells in vitro, downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1), (3) not induce pro-inflammatory activity, (4) produce secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity), (5) produce tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid), or (6) restore and / or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., determined by a primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay), (7) capable of producing short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate), (8) capable of inhibiting HDAC activity, (9) capable of producing medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate), (10) capable of expressing catalase activity, (11) capable of having alpha-fucosidase activity, (12) capable of producing vitamin B (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxamine (B6)), (13) capable of reducing fecal calprotectin levels, (14) unable to activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5), (15) capable of activating the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2), (16) capable of restoring colonization resistance, (17) capable of utilizing a wide range of carbon sources; (18) may reduce VRE pathogen possession, (19) may reduce CRE pathogen possession, (20) may reduce E. coli pathogen possession, (21) may reduce claudin-2 expression, (22) may be associated with a healthy human gut microbiome,(23) not associated with toxin and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and having no significant cytopathogenic effects in vitro, or (24) being susceptible to various clinically relevant antibiotics, or (25) not associated with genes possibly responsible for both observed antibiotic resistance and infectiousness, or (26) being able to inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, or (27) one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colon organoids (e.g., those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, interferon type I signaling, interferon type II signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, implamasome, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof) It can downregulate, (28) decrease the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cells (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3), (29) increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins related to CD8+ T cell activation and / or function (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ), (30) improve and / or enhance tolerance to chemotherapy agents, (31) improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, (32) promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to a tumor, (33) induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-biased IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages, or (34) induce a less inflammatory response in macrophages but a similar pathogen defense response than a donor-derived spore-based composition (i.e., a spore-based composition). (35) anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13,It may increase the amount of TGF-β, (36) reduce colon inflammation, (37) treat and / or prevent diseases or disorders, such as those related to intestinal microbial imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract, (38) increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the subject, (39) improve mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in the subject compared to a reference control (e.g., untreated patients or subjects prior to treatment), (40) promote mucosal healing, (41) reduce the incidence of infection, (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in the subject, (43) reduce the abundance of infection biomarkers in the subject's stool, (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the administered species in the subject's stool, or (45) reduce the majority of the species administered into the subject's intestines (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80% of the administered species relative to the number of colony-forming units administered). 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) or all thereof may be targeted and delivered (e.g., by encapsulating or by coating one or more components of the administration form with an enteric polymer), (46) may provide therapeutic benefit after a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject, (47) may be co-administered with additional agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (48) may be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species, (49) may use lactulose, (50) may include a lantibiotic operon, or (51) may be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), or (52) a composition further comprising additional species of bacteria having one or more features selected from any combination thereof. Claim 112 A composition according to any one of claims 85 to 111, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is capable of forming spores. Claim 113 A composition according to any one of claims 85 to 112, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is in the form of a spore. Claim 114 A composition according to any one of claims 85 to 113, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is not a vegetative reproductive cell. Claim 115 A composition comprising, in any one of claims 85 to 114, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

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