porous media and gas-liquid systems containing the same

Abstract

A porous medium for a gas-liquid system comprises a screen having a top surface, an opposing bottom surface, and a peripheral surface, and the screen has porous walls forming alternating ridges and valleys connected by ridge sidewalls extending from the bottom surface of the screen to the top surface of the screen, and the porous walls comprise one or more porous layers, and each pair of adjacent porous layers defines a microchannel between them. The porous medium or a module thereof may be used in a gas-liquid system. The porous medium or a module thereof may also be used to absorb selected components from a gas.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Gas absorption is an operation involving the transfer of matter from one phase to another. Gas absorption is typically performed in a vertical cylindrical column or tower, such as an absorber, where the gas phase and the liquid phase come into contact with each other in a porous medium, and components of the gas phase may dissolve into or otherwise transfer to the liquid phase due to their interactions.

[0002] The gaseous and liquid phases can interact within the absorber through parallel or countercurrent flow. In parallel gas absorption, both gas and liquid are introduced from the same side of the column and flow downward due to gravity and an imposed pressure gradient. In countercurrent flow, gas is introduced from the bottom while liquid is introduced from the top; consequently, the liquid phase falls through the absorber due to gravity, while the gaseous phase moves upward relative to the downward flow of the liquid.

[0003] Parallel flow absorption columns typically have a smaller footprint compared to counterflow columns. However, porous media used in parallel flow columns can result in higher pressure drop associated with the flow of multiphase fluids. Therefore, there is a continuing need for porous media to reduce the overall pressure drop. It would be an additional advantage if such porous media could reduce the pressure drop while maintaining capillary action and hydrodynamic continuity.

[0004] A porous medium for a gas-liquid system comprises a screen having a top surface, an opposing bottom surface, and a peripheral surface, and the screen comprises porous walls forming alternating ridges and valleys connected by ridge sidewalls extending from the bottom surface of the screen to the top surface of the screen, and the porous walls comprise more than one porous layer, and each pair of adjacent porous layers defines a microchannel between them.

[0005] A gas-liquid system comprises: a gas inlet and a liquid inlet arranged to allow gas and liquid to flow into the system; an absorption or reaction section comprising a plurality of porous media arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof; a gas outlet; and a liquid outlet, wherein at least one of the plurality of porous media is the aforementioned porous media.

[0006] A method for absorbing selected components from a gas comprises: introducing gas and liquid into a gas-liquid system; allowing gas and liquid to flow through an absorption or reaction section of the gas-liquid system, wherein at least one of a plurality of porous media is the aforementioned porous media. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0007] The following description should not be construed as limiting in any way. In relation to the attached drawings, similar elements are numbered similarly: FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a porous medium comprising a screen having a wavy pattern formed from a porous wall having a plurality of porous layers. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a porous medium comprising a screen having a wavy pattern formed from a porous wall having a plurality of porous layers. Figure 3 illustrates a zigzag pattern of a screen in a porous medium. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of two ridges and a valley of a screen in a porous medium. FIG. 5a illustrates a ridge having parallel side walls, FIG. 5b illustrates a ridge having side walls having a negative wall angle, and FIG. 5c illustrates a ridge having side walls having a positive wall angle. Figure 6 is a side view of a part of a screen formed of a porous wall having a plurality of porous layers. Figure 7 is another side view of a part of a screen formed of porous walls having a plurality of porous layers. FIG. 8 illustrates an assembly comprising a plurality of porous media arranged in a horizontal (lateral) direction. FIG. 9 illustrates an assembly comprising a plurality of porous media arranged in a vertical direction. FIG. 10 is a partial cutaway view of an assembly comprising a plurality of porous media arranged in a vertical direction. FIG. 11 illustrates a gas-liquid system comprising a plurality of porous media in the absorption or reaction section of the system. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0008] A porous medium is disclosed that can minimize pressure drop caused by fluid viscosity and flow inertia by maximizing the flow area (opening) for fluid flow, while maintaining hydrodynamic continuity of the liquid phase and capillary phenomena associated with the fluid interface within a specific desired range. The porous medium may also be customized to obtain pulsating or bubble flow regimes to maximize gas-liquid contact and increase absorption rates and product throughput, thereby lowering the energy intensity of gas-liquid systems such as absorbers and reducing operating costs and process footprints.

[0009] Porous media can also be more resistant to the accumulation of settled solid material compared to commercial media due to their elevated flow rates and pulsation characteristics in parallel flow applications. Additionally, porous media can prevent gas channeling, which can negatively affect the efficiency of gas-liquid systems. Porous media can also be easily installed and maintained.

[0010] Referring to FIGS. 1 through 4, the porous medium (10) comprises a corrugated screen (12) having an upper surface (11), an opposing lower surface (18), and a peripheral surface (19), wherein the peripheral surface (19) may extend from the edge of the upper surface (11) to the edge of the lower surface (18). The screen (12) comprises porous walls (17) forming alternating ridges (20) and valleys (28) connected by ridge sidewalls (27), wherein the ridge sidewalls (27) extend from the lower surface (18) of the screen to the upper surface (11) of the screen. The ridges (20) may be arranged horizontally in a zigzag pattern along the upper surface (11) of the screen to increase the overall flow area.

[0011] The porous wall has multiple openings or pores. The geometry of the pores is not particularly limited and can be any shape, such as hexagons, triangles, squares, circles, octagons, etc. Pores may be present in the ridge sidewalls and valleys, and optionally in the ridges as well. The average pore area may be about 0.0002 square inches to about 0.2 square inches, or preferably about 0.004 square inches to about 0.02 square inches. The average pore area may be determined by fluid properties (e.g., viscosity, surface tension, and density), their flow rates, operating conditions (e.g., target pressure drop and absorption rate), and the process plant footprint. The total open area formed by the pores may be about 40% to about 90%, preferably about 60% to about 70%, based on the surface area of ​​the porous wall. Additionally, openings / pores in the porous medium may have an average size of about 1 / 64 inch to about 0.375 inch. As used herein, the pore size refers to the maximum diameter of the pore.

[0012] In one embodiment, the gap is a hexagon having a size of about 1 / 64 inch to about 1 / 4 inch, preferably about 1 / 32 inch to about 1 / 8 inch, and the gap may have a center-to-center distance of about 1 / 16 inch to about 3 / 4 inch or about 1 / 8 inch to about 3 / 8 inch depending on the gap size.

[0013] The porous wall (17) has a plurality of spaced porous layers to trap or retain a liquid (or gas). The distance between adjacent porous layers may be about 1% to about 50% of the average pore size in the porous medium. In particular, the distance between adjacent porous layers may be about 1 / 64 inch to about 1 / 8 inch, preferably about 1 / 32 inch to about 1 / 16 inch. The space between adjacent porous layers may create paths for microcapillaries or microchannels, which retain the liquid and establish strong hydrodynamic continuity. Hydrodynamic continuity is, for example, by Khorshidian et al. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering This is described in , 165 (2018), 375-387. The number of porous layers in the porous wall can vary from 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 2.

[0014] The size and geometry of pores in different porous layers may be the same or different. Additionally, pores in different porous layers may be aligned or overlap. As used herein, overlap is defined by the ratio of the total open area to the maximum possible opening. 100 percent overlap in a multilayer medium is when the openings are fully aligned (concentric) and the flow area is maximized. A lower overlap percentage is when the openings are misaligned and the open flow area in the flow direction is a fraction of the maximum opening. For example, the overlap of pores in adjacent porous layers may be 0% to about 50%, about 30% to about 100%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 70%, or about 50%.

[0015] In one embodiment, the pores on the outer porous layer are larger than the pores in the inner porous layer. For example, the pores in the outer porous layer may have a larger average pore area than the pores in the inner porous layer. The arrangement facilitates the exposure of the space between the two porous layers to fluid flow. This exposure contributes to better hydrodynamic continuity and bubble formation in the parallel flow of gas and liquid. In one embodiment, the number of layers is two, and the overlap between the pores of the two layers is about 30% to about 70%, about 40% to about 60%, or about 50%. As an example, the layers are identical, and the pores in adjacent layers are completely aligned.

[0016] As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the porous walls may form alternating ridges (20) and valleys (28), and the ridges (20) may extend horizontally to form a zigzag pattern (30) along the top surface of the screen. The zigzag pattern (30) may have a zigzag angle (α) of about 30° to about 60°, preferably about 35° to about 55°, more preferably about 40° to about 50°, or about 45°. The length (L) of each zigzag segment may be about 0.4 inches to about 0.9 inches, preferably about 0.5 inches to about 0.75 inches. The zigzag pattern may increase the permeability of the packing column by providing a larger flow area (more openings).

[0017] The repeating structure formed by the ridge and the ridge sidewall may have a rectangular cross-section with or without rounded corners. The ridge may have a ridge height (h) from the bottom (24) to the top (23) and a ridge width (w) from the center of one ridge sidewall to the center of another ridge sidewall, and the ratio of the ridge height (h) to the ridge width (w) may be about 0.5 to about 6, about 1 to about 5, or about 1.5 to about 2. The ridge height (h) may be about 0.1 inch to about 0.6 inch, about 0.2 inch to about 0.5 inch, or about 0.3 inch to about 0.4 inch, and the ridge width (w) may be about 0.05 inch to about 0.5 inch or about 0.08 inch to about 0.2 inch. As illustrated in FIGS. 5a through 5c, the ridge sidewalls may be parallel (A), have a convex shape (negative wall angle, B), or have a divergent shape (positive wall angle, C). The wall angles affect the pressure drop, flow regime, and manufacturing process. Preferably, the ridge sidewalls may have a wall angle of about ±30°, about ±20°, or about ±10° with respect to the vertical axis. Ridge sidewalls having a negative wall angle may provide a bubble flow regime depending on the velocity of the gas and liquid flow.

[0018] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a portion of a screen comprising a ridge formed of a porous wall having an inner porous layer (26) and an outer porous layer (25), the two layers having aligned hexagonal pores (21, 22). The pores (21) in the inner layer (26) may be smaller than the pores (22) in the outer layer (25). The two porous layers form a path of microcapillaries or microchannels (29), which can retain liquid and establish strong hydrodynamic continuity.

[0019] Screens can be manufactured from metal, plastic, composite, or any other suitable material by pressing, heat / compression molding, sintering, and / or cutting.

[0020] The porous medium (10) may include a frame (15) that maintains the corrugated screen and seals the periphery surface (19) of the screen (12). Sealing the periphery surface prevents bulk flow from the surrounding area during use and allows the porous medium to be installed in a module or gas-liquid system without leakage at the boundary. The frame also makes the installation, dismantling, and on-site cleaning of the porous medium quick and simple, thereby minimizing operating costs.

[0021] In FIGS. 1 and 2, a frame having a hexagonal geometry is illustrated. However, it is understood that the frame may have other geometry, such as a circular or other shape, depending on the application. The frame may have an edge (55) at the bottom to hold the screen in place and facilitate the lamination of the porous medium.

[0022] Porous media can be stacked in a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, or a combination thereof to form an assembly. FIG. 8 illustrates an assembly (100) comprising a plurality of porous media (10) stacked in a horizontal (lateral) direction.

[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates an assembly (110) comprising a plurality of porous media (10) stacked in a vertical pattern or an assembly (100) patterned horizontally. In the vertical stacking, the bottom of the upper porous media may be positioned directly above the top of the lower porous media. The number of porous media in the vertical patterning depends on the height of the gas-liquid system and may be determined based on the target gas and liquid loads. The assembly may also be referred to as a module. As an example, the module may include 10 to 50 porous media.

[0024] The porous media may be stacked vertically at a specific distance (without leakage at the boundaries of the assembly) to promote a desirable flow regime and absorption rate under optimized pressure drop conditions. The spacing depends on the stability of the pulsation and the pressure drop target, column dimensions, absorption rate, or reaction rate. In one embodiment of the invention, the spacing between adjacent vertically stacked screens (center to center) may be about 1 / 8 inch to about 1 inch, about 0.3 inch to about 1 inch, about 0.25 inch to about 0.5 inch, or about 0.5 inch to about 0.75 inch. The spacing may be maintained by a frame of the porous media.

[0025] The type of screen or porous medium stacked on the module may be the same or different. In an absorption column, different modules containing various types of porous media may be stacked to control the flow regime, pressure drop, mass transfer, and absorption rate depending on operating conditions and the type of fluid flowing through the column.

[0026] Referring to FIG. 10, the porous media may be rotated so that adjacent porous media are not aligned when assembled. In one embodiment, adjacent porous media are offset or rotated so that their axis of rotation is offset between about 45° and about 90°, about 50° to about 80°, or about 50° to about 70°, or about or about 60°. Rotation of the porous media can facilitate the even distribution of liquid from one screen to another.

[0027] A porous medium or a module of a porous medium may be used in a gas-liquid system such as an absorber or a reactor. The gas-liquid system may be a parallel flow system or a counter-flow system, and preferably a parallel flow system. Advantageously, a porous medium having a ridge / valley structure formed of multilayer porous walls may be tuned to provide desired relative permeability to the gas phase and liquid phase to maximize the performance of the parallel flow system.

[0028] Referring to FIG. 11, a gas-liquid system (300) comprises a gas inlet (308) and a liquid inlet (305) arranged to allow gas (G) and liquid (L) to flow into the system; an absorption or reaction section (310) comprising a plurality of porous media as described herein; and a gas outlet (330) and a liquid outlet (320). The system may have a cylindrical shape, and, for example, the system may be an absorber column. In the case of a gas-liquid parallel flow system, the gas inlet and the liquid inlet may be arranged to allow gas and liquid to flow parallel (e.g. downward) within the system. The porous media may be positioned to extend in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas and liquid introduced into the system, where a zigzag pattern is present.

[0029] Multiple porous media may be stacked to form assemblies or modules as described herein. For example, a system may comprise multiple modules, each module extending horizontally or transversely from sidewall to sidewall and across a vertical cross-section of the system, such as an absorber column or reaction chamber. A gas-liquid system may comprise at least one module. The number of modules in a horizontal pattern depends on the system diameter and the size of each module. The number of modules in a vertical pattern also depends on the height of the system and the size of the modules. The diameter and height of the system may be determined based on the target gas and liquid loads.

[0030] A gas-liquid system may be used for CO2 capture or gas purification. A method for absorbing selected components from a gas comprises introducing gas and liquid into a gas-liquid system and allowing the gas and liquid to flow through an absorption or reaction section of the system, wherein the absorption or reaction section comprises a plurality of porous media as described herein. In the absorption or reaction section, the liquid phase and the gas phase are mixed in the porous media, and components in the gas phase, such as CO2 or impurities, may be transferred to the liquid phase through physical absorption, chemical absorption, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the system comprises a vertical column, and both the liquid and the gas may flow in parallel (i.e. downward) through the porous media.

[0031] Dropping flow is the most common flow regime encountered in industrial applications. The porous media described herein enable the creation of a more favorable flow regime, namely pulsing flow, for advantages in terms of increased mass and heat transfer rates, wetting of the fully porous media, and reduced axial dispersion and gas channeling compared to the dropping flow regime.

[0032] Virla, etc. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2020, 59, 25, 11767-11776 describes waveform screening packing operating in a pulse flow regime. In the gas-liquid system disclosed herein, pulses may also be spontaneously formed from air-hydrodynamics through a waveform screen having microchannels. In the module(s) of the gas-liquid system, a stream of bubbles may form a bubble matrix projected from the bottom of the ridges and valleys of one porous medium (first porous medium) to the top of another porous medium (second porous medium). Bubbles streaming from the ridges and valleys of the first porous medium intersect the ridges and valleys of the second porous medium. Bubbles are reformed as liquid and gas pass through the second porous medium. Local concentration fluctuations of bubble formation cause anisotropic flow of bubbles along the linear axis of the ridges. This anisotropic flow introduces instability into the flow field that evolves into a liquid pulsing phenomenon. As more liquid phase is retained on the ridges, more gas flow through the screen is blocked, increasing the differential pressure across the porous medium. At the equilibrium point, the localized pulse of the foam matrix is ​​separated from a ridge or part of a ridge group. The pulse is projected over a localized section of several ridges offset by about 50° to about 70° or about 60° of the next downstream porous medium, as illustrated in FIG. 10.

[0033] When localized pulses from several ridges impact the ridges at the next downstream screen, bubbles and air bubbles retained on the ridges of the downstream element cascade from the affected ridges and are added to the growing pulses. As partial pulses cascade and grow through a first set of porous media, the collective rotation of the ridges reaches 360°, and the mass of the pulses increases sufficiently to form plug pulses of bubbles covering the entire area of ​​the medium. The plug pulses can prevent gas channeling around the liquid phase across a wide range of gas and liquid flow rates.

[0034] Due to the flow resistance of the liquid through the screen, the solvent pulse travels at a lower speed relative to the gas through the absorption section of the gas-liquid parallel flow system. Depending on the system's pulse generation rate, flow resistance, gas velocity, and the height of the absorption section, a defined volume of gas passes through several pulses as the gas and pulse proceed through the absorption section.

[0035] The geometry of the porous medium can also generate a bubble flow regime (a non-wetting phase trapped in a wet phase) by adjusting the size and ratio of the gas / liquid flow and the degree of liquid phase saturation. A bubble flow regime can occur at higher gas flow rates, for example, at a gas-to-liquid flow ratio of about 4 to about 16, preferably about 8 to about 12. In this regime, liquid pulses disappear, and the multiphase flow appears as bubbles surrounded primarily by a liquid film. Ridges with negative wall angles have a greater tendency toward a bubble flow regime compared to a pulsating flow regime. Bubble flow can provide a superior regime compared to pulsating and dripping flows in terms of gas-liquid interaction in an absorption column or reaction chamber.

[0036] Porous media can operate with sedimentation systems resulting from gas-liquid reactions without fouling. The high interfacial renewal rate and large, complex interfacial area of ​​porous media can maximize mass transfer, which ultimately minimizes column height and transit time through the porous media. Furthermore, shear forces generated by hydrodynamics can overcome molecular forces, and when combined with short transit times, this can prevent sediment from growing large enough to block the porous media openings. Meanwhile, liquid pulses and the momentum of gas and liquid flows can transport sediment out of the absorber column or reaction chamber.

[0037] In addition to absorber columns, porous media can be used for a wide range of industrial applications, such as reaction chambers, due to their lower cost, improved performance, and faster delivery to meet high-volume demands. Porous media can also be easily installed and / or maintained.

[0038] Some modes of the aforementioned disclosure are presented below:

[0039] Aspect 1. A porous medium for a gas-liquid system comprising a screen having an upper surface, an opposing lower surface, and a peripheral surface, wherein the screen comprises porous walls forming alternating ridges and valleys connected by ridge sidewalls extending from the lower surface of the screen to the upper surface of the screen, the porous walls comprising more than one porous layer, and each pair of adjacent porous layers defining a microchannel between them.

[0040] Aspect 2. A porous medium, wherein, in any prior aspect, it further comprises a frame sealing the peripheral surface of the screen.

[0041] Aspect 3. In any prior aspect, the ridges are arranged horizontally in a zigzag pattern along the top surface of the screen, in a porous medium.

[0042] Aspect 4. In any prior aspect, the porous medium having a zigzag pattern having a zigzag angle of about 30° to about 60°, a zigzag segment length of about 0.4 inches to about 0.9 inches, or a combination thereof.

[0043] Aspect 5. A porous medium in which, in any prior aspect, the distance between adjacent porous layers is about 1% to about 50% of the average pore size in the porous medium.

[0044] Aspect 6. A porous medium in which, in any previous aspect, the overlap of pores in adjacent porous layers is 0% to about 50%.

[0045] Aspect 7. A porous medium assembly comprising a plurality of porous media as in any previous aspect, arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof.

[0046] Aspect 8. A gas-liquid system comprising: a gas inlet and a liquid inlet arranged so that gas and liquid can flow into the system; an absorption or reaction section comprising a plurality of porous media arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof; a gas outlet; and a liquid outlet, wherein at least one of the plurality of porous media is a porous media as in any one of Aspects 1 to 6.

[0047] Aspect 8. In any prior aspect, a gas-liquid system in which at least one of the plurality of porous media is positioned such that a zigzag pattern extends in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of gas and liquid in a gas-liquid flow system.

[0048] Aspect 9. In any prior aspect, the adjacent porous media are offset or rotated such that their axis of rotation is offset between about 45° and about 90°, in a gas-liquid system.

[0049] Aspect 10. In any previous aspect, the void is a gas-liquid system existing in the valley and ridge sidewalls.

[0050] Mode 11. In any previous mode, the gas-liquid system is a gas-liquid system that is a parallel flow system.

[0051] Embodiment 12. A method for absorbing a selected component from a gas, wherein the method comprises introducing a gas and a liquid into a gas-liquid system; allowing the gas and the liquid to flow through an absorption or reaction section of the gas-liquid system, and wherein at least one of a plurality of porous media is a porous media such as in any one of Embodiments 1 to 6.

[0052] Aspect 13. In any prior aspect, the method further comprises establishing hydrodynamic continuity of the liquid through a microchannel.

[0053] Aspect 14. A method further comprising, in any prior aspect, generating a bubble flow regime when a gas and a liquid flow through a plurality of porous media.

[0054] Aspect 15. A method in which, in any prior aspect, the gas-to-liquid flow ratio in the absorption or reaction section of the gas-liquid system is about 4 to about 16.

[0055] Aspect 16. A method further comprising, in any prior aspect, generating a pulsating flow regime when a gas and a liquid flow through a plurality of porous media.

[0056] All scopes disclosed herein include endpoints, which may be combined independently of one another. As used herein, "combination" includes blends, mixtures, alloys, reaction products, etc. All references are incorporated herein by reference.

[0057] In the context describing the invention (particularly in the context of the following claims), the use of references similar to the terms (“a,” “an,” and “the”) should be interpreted to include both singular and plural forms, unless otherwise indicated in this specification or clearly contradicted by the context. Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., as used herein do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms “about,” “substantially,” and “generally” are intended to include a degree of error associated with a measurement of a specific amount based on equipment available at the time of filing. For example, “about” and / or “substantially” and / or “generally” may include a range of ±8% or 5%, or 2% of a given value.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made and equivalents of elements may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, many variations may be made to suit specific situations or materials to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode to be considered for carrying out the invention, and the invention is intended to include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. Additionally, while exemplary embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in the drawings and description and specific terms may have been used, unless otherwise stated, these are used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for the purpose of limitation, and thus the scope of the invention is not limited by them.

Claims

Claim 1 A porous medium (10) for a gas-liquid system (300) is characterized by a screen (12) having an upper surface (11), an opposing lower surface (18), and a peripheral surface (19), wherein the screen (12) comprises porous walls (17) forming alternating ridges (20) and valleys (28) connected by ridge sidewalls (27) extending from the lower surface (18) of the screen to the upper surface (11) of the screen, wherein the porous walls (17) comprise more than one porous layer, and each pair of adjacent porous layers defines a microchannel (29) between them. Claim 2 A porous medium according to claim 1, further characterized by a frame (15) that seals the peripheral surface (19) of the screen (12). Claim 3 A porous medium according to claim 1, wherein the ridge (20) is horizontally arranged in a zigzag pattern (30) along the top surface (11) of the screen, optionally the zigzag pattern has a zigzag angle (α) of about 30° to about 60°, a zigzag segment length (L) of about 0.4 inches to about 0.9 inches, or a combination thereof. Claim 4 A porous medium according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent porous layers is about 1% to about 50% of the average pore size in the porous medium. Claim 5 A porous medium according to claim 1, wherein the overlap of pores in the adjacent porous layer is 0% to about 50%. Claim 6 A porous media assembly comprising a plurality of porous media of any one of claims 1 to 5 arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof. Claim 7 A gas-liquid system (300) comprising: a gas inlet (308) and a liquid inlet (305) arranged so that gas (G) and liquid (L) can flow into the system; an absorption or reaction section (310) comprising a plurality of porous media arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof; a gas outlet (330); and a liquid outlet (320), wherein the gas-liquid system (300) is characterized in that at least one of the plurality of porous media comprises a porous media according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Claim 8 In claim 7, the plurality of porous media are arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof, in a gas-liquid system. Claim 9 A gas-liquid system according to claim 7, wherein the ridges in at least one of the plurality of porous media are arranged horizontally in a zigzag pattern along the upper surface of the screen, and at least one of the plurality of porous media is positioned such that the zigzag pattern extends in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas and the liquid in the gas-liquid flow system. Claim 10 In claim 7, the adjacent porous media are gas-liquid, which are offset or rotated such that their axis of rotation is offset between about 45° and about 90°. Claim 11 In paragraph 8, the above gas-liquid system is a gas-liquid system that is a parallel flow system. Claim 12 A method for absorbing a selected component from a gas, comprising: introducing the gas (G) and the liquid (L) into a gas-liquid system (300); allowing the gas and the liquid to flow through an absorption or reaction section (310) of the gas-liquid system (300), wherein the absorption or reaction section (310) comprises a plurality of porous media arranged in a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, or a combination thereof; and transferring the selected component from the gas (G) to the liquid (L) in the absorption or reaction section (310) of the gas-liquid flow system (300), wherein the method is characterized in that at least one of the plurality of porous media comprises a porous media of any one of claims 1 to 5. Claim 13 In claim 12, the method further comprises establishing hydrodynamic continuity of the liquid through the microchannel. Claim 14 A method according to claim 12, further comprising generating a bubble flow regime or a pulsating flow regime when the gas and the liquid flow through the plurality of porous media. Claim 15 In paragraph 12, the method wherein the gas-to-liquid flow ratio in the absorption or reaction section of the gas-liquid system is about 4 to about 16.

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