Coating composition for color change and slip resistance treatment on flooring surfaces and method for treating the same using the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coating composition for discoloration and anti-slip treatment on the surface of a flooring material, wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition, the composition comprises 70 to 80 parts by weight of purified water, 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of ammonium bifluoride, 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of an ionic polymer, 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight of tripolyphosphate, 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight of an organic silica compound, and wherein the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to the ionic polymer is 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a coating composition for discoloration and anti-slip treatment of a flooring surface and a treatment method using the same. Background Technology

[0002] Inorganic flooring materials such as tiles, marble, and terrazzo are widely used in the floors of various buildings due to their durability and aesthetic advantages. However, these flooring materials pose a problem where the risk of slip accidents increases if a water film forms on the surface due to water, soapy water, or oil. To address this, chemical non-slip treatment technologies have been developed to increase the coefficient of friction by forming micropores on the surface of the flooring material.

[0003] Conventionally, a method of forming micropores by reacting silicon dioxide on the surface of a flooring material with an etching agent such as ammonium bifluoride is mainly used. Along with this, compositions are also known that improve the uniformity of the etching reaction by adding surfactants such as tripolyphosphate and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and improve dispersibility and adhesion by adding organic silica compounds or ionic polymers.

[0004] However, a composition mixed with ammonium bifluoride, tripolyphosphate, and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid has excellent anti-slip effects, but has limitations in that local discoloration or stains occur on the surface of the flooring material. On the other hand, a composition in which ionic polymers and organic silica compounds are added to a hydrofluoric acid-based etchant is effective in preventing discoloration, but the increase in the coefficient of friction is limited because it is difficult to precisely control the size and spacing of the micropores.

[0005] In addition, when the above components are simply mixed, if the concentration of ammonium bifluoride exceeds the dispersion control ability of the ionic polymer, deep etching occurs and discoloration becomes severe, and if there is an excess amount of surfactant or organic silica compound, there is a problem of reduced dispersion uniformity or turbidity.

[0006] As such, in the development of a coating composition that simultaneously satisfies anti-slip and anti-discoloration effects on the surface of flooring materials, it is recognized that precisely controlling the content and weight ratio of each component, such as etching agents, ionic polymers, tripolyphosphates, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and organosilicate compounds, is an important technical challenge. The problem to be solved

[0007] The objective of one embodiment is to provide a coating composition comprising ammonium bifluoride, phosphoric acid, an ionic polymer, a tripolyphosphate, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and an organosilica compound, wherein the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to the ionic polymer is 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, thereby providing a coating composition capable of simultaneously achieving anti-slip and anti-discoloration effects on the surface of a flooring material.

[0008] The objective of one embodiment is to provide a discoloration and anti-slip treatment method that forms uniform micropores on the surface of a flooring material without discoloration or staining by applying the coating composition to the surface of the flooring material and using a treatment method including etching, rinsing, and drying steps. means of solving the problem

[0009] A coating composition according to one embodiment may be a coating composition for discoloration and anti-slip treatment on the surface of a flooring material, comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition, 70 to 80 parts by weight of purified water, 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of ammonium bifluoride, 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of an ionic polymer, 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight of tripolyphosphate, 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight of an organic silica compound, wherein the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride and the ionic polymer is 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0.

[0010] In a coating composition according to one embodiment, the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride and ionic polymer may be 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0.

[0011] In a coating composition according to one embodiment, ammonium bifluoride is 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, phosphoric acid is 2.0 to 4.0 parts by weight, ionic polymer is 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, tripolyphosphate is 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight, and organic silica compound is 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight.

[0012] A coating composition according to one embodiment may further include 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether and 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight of 2-propanol, based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition.

[0013] A method for applying a discoloration and anti-slip treatment to the surface of a flooring material according to one embodiment comprises a pretreatment step of removing foreign substances by washing the surface of the flooring material; an application step of applying a coating composition to the surface of the washed flooring material; an etching step of carrying out an etching reaction by maintaining the applied flooring material according to preset temperature and time conditions; a rinsing step of washing the flooring material that has undergone the etching step with water; and a drying step of drying the flooring material that has undergone the rinsing step, wherein the coating composition may be a coating composition according to any one of the above coating compositions.

[0014] In a method according to one embodiment, the amount of coating in the coating step is 80 to 120 g / m², the etching step is performed for 5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 20 to 25°C, the coating step is performed by spray coating or roller coating, and the drying step can be performed by hot air drying at a temperature of 25 to 35°C. Effects of the invention

[0015] A coating composition according to one embodiment can significantly reduce discoloration and staining by forming uniform micropores across the entire surface of the flooring material by controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0.

[0016] A coating composition according to one embodiment can effectively improve the friction coefficient of a flooring material by including purified water, ammonium bifluoride, phosphoric acid, an ionic polymer, a tripolyphosphate, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and an organic silica compound.

[0017] In a coating composition according to one embodiment, when the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer is set to 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0, the anti-slip effect and anti-discoloration effect may be even better.

[0018] A coating composition according to one embodiment can improve the dispersion stability of the composition and wettability on the surface of the flooring by further including propylene glycol methyl ether and 2-propanol.

[0019] A method for treating discoloration and anti-slip on the surface of a flooring material according to one embodiment includes the steps of pretreatment, coating, etching, rinsing, and drying, and by optimizing the coating amount, temperature, and time conditions, excellent anti-slip performance can be achieved without damaging the appearance of the flooring material.

[0020] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those described above, and include various effects that a person skilled in the art can infer from the present invention. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0021] FIG. 1 is a comparison drawing of the before and after of discoloration and anti-slip treatment according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is an example of a flowchart of a method for discoloration and anti-slip treatment according to one embodiment. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0022] Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments are disclosed for illustrative purposes only and may be modified and implemented in various forms. Accordingly, the actual form of implementation is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and the scope of this specification includes modifications, equivalents, or substitutions that fall within the technical concept described by the embodiments. Terms such as "first" or "second" may be used to describe various components, but these terms should be interpreted solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may be named a first component. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected to or joined to that other component, or that there may be other components in between. A singular expression includes a plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the existence of the described features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this specification. Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.In the description referring to the attached drawings, identical components are assigned the same reference numeral regardless of drawing symbols, and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a comparison drawing of the before and after of discoloration and anti-slip treatment according to one embodiment.

[0025] Referring to FIG. 1, the flooring material (100) before treatment with a coating composition is shown on the left, and the flooring material (110) after treatment is shown on the right. The surface of the flooring material (100) before treatment is smooth, and in wet conditions where water (W) is present, a water film is formed between the shoe sole and the surface of the flooring material, causing slipping. On the other hand, on the surface of the flooring material (110) after treatment, a number of micropores are uniformly formed by an etching reaction between the ammonium bifluoride contained in the coating composition and the silicon dioxide (SiO₂) on the surface of the flooring material. These micropores can increase the contact area between the shoe sole and the surface of the flooring material (110) even in wet conditions where water (W) is present, thereby improving the coefficient of friction. In addition, since the etching reaction proceeds as a uniform mild etching across the entire surface of the flooring material (110) by means of the dispersion film of the ionic polymer, the color and gloss of the flooring material (110) can be maintained substantially the same as the flooring material (100) before treatment even after treatment. Below, the coating composition will be described in detail.

[0026] In one embodiment, the coating composition, as a composition for discoloration and anti-slip treatment on the surface of a flooring material, may comprise purified water, ammonium bifluoride, phosphoric acid, an ionic polymer, a tripolyphosphate, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and an organosilica compound. The coating composition may comprise 70 to 80 parts by weight of purified water. The coating composition may comprise 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of ammonium bifluoride. The coating composition may comprise 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid. The coating composition may comprise 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of an ionic polymer. The coating composition may comprise 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight of a tripolyphosphate. The coating composition may comprise 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight of an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. The coating composition may comprise 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight of an organosilica compound. The weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride and ionic polymer in the coating composition may be 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. Ammonium bifluoride can form micropores by reacting with SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring. The ionic polymer can control the uniformity of the etching reaction by forming a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring. Phosphoric acid can buffer the pH of the etching reaction and maintain a constant reaction rate. Tripolyphosphate can make the spacing of micropores uniform through pore-fixing and air-entraining actions. Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can prevent discoloration by inhibiting excessive etching. Organosilica compounds can improve durability by forming covalent bonds with the surface of the flooring. The coating composition may further include propylene glycol methyl ether and 2-propanol. Propylene glycol methyl ether can control the evaporation rate of the composition and increase dispersion stability. 2-propanol can remove oil from the surface of the flooring and improve wettability.

[0027] In one embodiment, the coating composition can reduce discoloration on the surface of the flooring material. The coating composition can reduce discoloration by controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to an ionic polymer to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. The coating composition can prevent the etching reaction from proceeding excessively locally by means of a dispersion film of the ionic polymer. The coating composition can maintain the size and spacing of micropores uniformly through a combination of tripolyphosphate and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. The coating composition can suppress the occurrence of cloudiness or stains on the surface through the cross-linking action of an organosilica compound. For example, after applying the coating composition to colored tiles and carrying out an etching reaction at 20°C for 8 minutes, a result with a discoloration degree ΔE* of 1.1 or less can be obtained.

[0028] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coating composition can improve the slip coefficient of the flooring surface. The coating composition can increase the friction coefficient by forming micropores on the flooring surface using ammonium bifluoride. The coating composition can ensure that micropores are distributed at regular intervals through the pore-fixing action of tripolyphosphate. The coating composition can reduce the variation in micropore size through the uniform dispersion effect of ionic polymers. The coating composition can achieve a wet friction coefficient of 0.64 to 0.72 under conditions of a coating amount of 80 to 120 g / m², an etching temperature of 20 to 25°C, and an etching time of 5 to 10 minutes. For example, the risk of slip accidents can be reduced for flooring treated with the coating composition even when wet.

[0029] In one embodiment, the coating composition, as a composition for discoloration and anti-slip treatment on the surface of a flooring material, may comprise purified water, ammonium bifluoride, phosphoric acid, an ionic polymer, a tripolyphosphate, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and an organic silica compound. The coating composition may comprise each component in a range of 70 to 80 parts by weight of purified water, 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of ammonium bifluoride, 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of an ionic polymer, 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight of a tripolyphosphate, 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight of an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight of an organic silica compound, based on 100 parts by weight of the composition. The coating composition can uniformly form micropores on the surface of the flooring material through the combination of each component. The coating composition can achieve discoloration and anti-slip effects simultaneously by controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. For example, if the coating composition is applied to the surface of a colored tile and an etching reaction is carried out at 20°C for 8 minutes, results can be obtained with a discoloration degree ΔE* of 1.1 or less and a wet friction coefficient of 0.64 or more.

[0030] In one embodiment, the coating composition may include a specific weight range of each component to simultaneously achieve a reduction in discoloration of the flooring surface and an anti-slip effect. The coating composition may suppress discoloration and staining by controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. The coating composition may prevent the etching reaction from proceeding excessively locally due to the dispersion film of the ionic polymer. The coating composition may maintain a uniform size and spacing of micropores through a combination of tripolyphosphate and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. The coating composition may suppress the occurrence of cloudiness or staining on the surface through the cross-linking action of an organic silica compound. For example, after applying the coating composition to colored tiles and carrying out an etching reaction at 20°C for 8 minutes, a result with a discoloration degree ΔE* of 1.1 or less can be obtained.

[0031] In one embodiment, the purified water may be in an amount of 70 to 80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. The purified water may serve as a solvent for dissolving and uniformly mixing each component within the coating composition. The purified water controls the viscosity of the composition so that it can diffuse uniformly onto the surface upon application. For example, when the content of purified water is 70 to 80 parts by weight, the applicability of the composition is improved and the reactivity of each component can be stably maintained.

[0032] In one embodiment, purified water acts as a solvent within the coating composition and can promote the stabilization of the reaction system. The purified water enables each component, such as ammonium bifluoride, phosphoric acid, and ionic polymer, to be evenly dispersed. The purified water can provide a buffering effect against temperature changes or pH fluctuations within the reaction system. For example, a sufficient amount of purified water can facilitate the dilution and removal of byproducts generated during the etching reaction.

[0033] In one embodiment, purified water can contribute to maintaining the uniform dispersion of each component and the consistency of the etching reaction. Purified water can ensure that the ionic polymer and tripolyphosphate are uniformly distributed within the composition without aggregation. Purified water can absorb the heat generated during the etching reaction to prevent abrupt changes in the reaction rate. For example, if the content of purified water is insufficient, deep etching may occur due to a localized increase in the concentration of ammonium bifluoride, but at an appropriate content, mild etching can proceed uniformly.

[0034] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, ammonium bifluoride may be present in an amount of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. Ammonium bifluoride may act as an etching agent that reacts with SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring material to form micropores. Ammonium bifluoride determines the intensity of the etching reaction, and as the content increases, the size and depth of the micropores may increase. For example, when the ammonium bifluoride is within the range of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, uniform irregularities are formed on the surface of the flooring material, and the coefficient of friction may be improved.

[0035] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the ammonium bifluoride may be in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight. When the ammonium bifluoride is limited to 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, discoloration or surface damage caused by excessive etching can be suppressed. When the content of ammonium bifluoride is within this range, the variation in micropore size can be minimized by controlling the weight ratio with the ionic polymer. For example, by combining 1.5 parts by weight of ammonium bifluoride with 1.0 parts by weight of the ionic polymer, the micropore density and size distribution can be optimized.

[0036] In one embodiment, ammonium bifluoride can act as an etching agent that reacts with SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring material to form micropores. Ammonium bifluoride can produce SiF₄ gas, NH₄F, and H₂O through a reaction with SiO₂. The etching reaction of ammonium bifluoride can increase the coefficient of friction by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the flooring material. For example, if an etching reaction is carried out for 8 minutes after applying a composition containing ammonium bifluoride, micropores with a size of 1 to 3 μm can be uniformly distributed on the surface.

[0037] In one embodiment, the phosphoric acid may be in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. Phosphoric acid can buffer the pH of the etching reaction to maintain a constant reaction rate. Phosphoric acid can promote the reaction between ammonium bifluoride and SiO₂ to increase the efficiency of micropore formation. For example, when the phosphoric acid is within the range of 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight, it can prevent the etching reaction from proceeding rapidly or being delayed.

[0038] In one embodiment, the phosphoric acid may be 2.0 to 4.0 parts by weight. When the phosphoric acid is limited to 2.0 to 4.0 parts by weight, the pH of the reaction system is stabilized in the range of 2.5 to 3.5, thereby suppressing discoloration and staining. When the phosphoric acid content is within this range, the etching reaction of ammonium bifluoride can be maintained in balance without being excessively promoted or inhibited. For example, a composition containing 3.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid can uniformly form micropores without changing the color of the flooring surface.

[0039] In one embodiment, phosphoric acid can act as an accelerator that buffers the pH of the etching reaction and maintains a constant reaction rate. Phosphoric acid can stabilize the reactivity of ammonium bifluoride by controlling the hydrogen ion concentration within the reaction system. Phosphoric acid can ensure reaction consistency by buffering changes in the concentrations of NH₄F and H₂O generated during the etching reaction. For example, a composition containing phosphoric acid can maintain a pH change of within 0.5 during the etching reaction.

[0040] In one embodiment, the ionic polymer may be in an amount of 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. The ionic polymer can control the uniformity of the etching reaction by forming a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring material. The ionic polymer can stabilize the dispersion state of the composition by forming hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds with silanol groups (-SiOH). For example, when the ionic polymer is within the range of 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight, the variation in micropore size may be reduced and the degree of discoloration may be reduced.

[0041] In one embodiment, the ionic polymer may be in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight. When the ionic polymer is limited to 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, mild etching can proceed uniformly by controlling the weight ratio with ammonium bifluoride. When the content of the ionic polymer is within this range, the viscosity of the applied composition is maintained at an appropriate level and can diffuse uniformly on the surface. For example, a composition containing 1.0 parts by weight of the ionic polymer can optimize the micropore density and size distribution.

[0042] In one embodiment, the ionic polymer can control the uniformity of the etching reaction by forming a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring material. The ionic polymer can adsorb to the surface of the flooring material to prevent the reaction of ammonium bifluoride from proceeding excessively locally. The ionic polymer can inhibit aggregation within the composition through interaction with tripolyphosphate and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. For example, a composition containing the ionic polymer can maintain a standard deviation of micropore size of 2.3 μm or less.

[0043] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the tripolyphosphate may be in an amount of 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. The tripolyphosphate can make the spacing of micropores uniform through bubble stabilization and air entrainment during the etching reaction. The tripolyphosphate can stably maintain bubbles within the composition to induce the formation of micropores at regular intervals. For example, when the tripolyphosphate is in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight, the micropore density may increase to 800 pores / mm² or more.

[0044] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the tripolyphosphate may be in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight. When the tripolyphosphate is limited to 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, excessive bubble formation or aggregation is suppressed, and the size and spacing of the micropores can be maintained more uniformly. When the content of the tripolyphosphate is within this range, the coating properties of the composition and the consistency of the etching reaction can be improved. For example, a composition containing 1.0 part by weight of tripolyphosphate may have micropore spacing that is uniformly distributed to 5 to 10 μm.

[0045] In one embodiment, tripolyphosphate can make the spacing of micropores uniform through bubble stabilization and air entrainment. Tripolyphosphate can stabilize bubbles at the interface to ensure that micropores are formed in a uniform pattern. Tripolyphosphate can control the even distribution of bubbles generated during the etching reaction on the surface. For example, a composition containing tripolyphosphate can maintain the standard deviation of micropore density and spacing at 10% or less.

[0046] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid may be in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. The alkylbenzene sulfonic acid may suppress excessive etching and act as a surfactant. The alkylbenzene sulfonic acid may improve dispersion uniformity by controlling the surface adsorption of each component within the composition. For example, when the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is within the range of 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight, discoloration and staining may be significantly reduced.

[0047] In one embodiment, the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid may be in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight. When the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is limited to 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight, competitive adsorption with ionic polymers is minimized, thereby improving the stability of the dispersion film. When the content of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is within this range, the excessive progress of the etching reaction is suppressed, and surface damage can be prevented. For example, a composition containing 0.3 parts by weight of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can obtain a discoloration degree ΔE* of 1.0 or less.

[0048] In one embodiment, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can inhibit excessive etching and act as a surfactant. Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can adsorb to the surface of the flooring material to control the reactivity of ammonium bifluoride. Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can assist in the dispersion of ionic polymers and tripolyphosphate within the composition. For example, a composition containing alkylbenzene sulfonic acid may not cause stains or cloudiness on the surface after an etching reaction.

[0049] In one embodiment, the organic silica compound may be in an amount of 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. The organic silica compound can perform surface bonding and crosslinking functions by forming covalent bonds with the surface of the flooring material. The organic silica compound can improve the durability of the surface film by interacting with ionic polymers within the composition. For example, when the organic silica compound is within the range of 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, water resistance and stain resistance may be imparted to the surface.

[0050] In one embodiment, the organic silica compound may be in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight. When the organic silica compound is limited to 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, the production of ethanol by hydrolysis is not excessive, so the pH of the reaction system can be maintained stably. When the content of the organic silica compound is within this range, the formation of a cloudy film by self-condensation can be suppressed. For example, a composition containing 2.0 parts by weight of an organic silica compound can form a transparent and uniform film on the surface of the flooring material.

[0051] In one embodiment, the organic silica compound can perform surface bonding and crosslinking functions by forming covalent bonds with the surface of the flooring. The alkoxy groups of the organic silica compound can react with the -SiOH groups on the surface of the flooring to form Si-O-Si bonds. The organic silica compound can increase the mechanical strength of the surface film through interaction with ionic polymers. For example, a composition containing an organic silica compound can maintain the surface film even after repeated washing or friction.

[0052] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coating composition can simultaneously achieve discoloration and anti-slip effects on the surface of the flooring by controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride and the ionic polymer to a specific range. By controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride and the ionic polymer, the coating composition can ensure a balance between the uniformity of the etching reaction and the formation of a dispersion film. Ammonium bifluoride can react with SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring to form micropores. The ionic polymer can form a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring to prevent the etching reaction from proceeding excessively locally. For example, if the weight ratio is set to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, mild etching proceeds uniformly over the entire surface of the flooring, resulting in a discoloration degree ΔE* of 1.1 or less and a wet friction coefficient of 0.64 or more.

[0053] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coating composition may contain ammonium bifluoride and an ionic polymer in a weight ratio of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. By including the coating composition in a weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride and an ionic polymer of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, the dispersion control ability of the ionic polymer can appropriately suppress the reactivity of the etching agent. Deep etching can be prevented by ensuring that the content of ammonium bifluoride is not excessively high relative to the ionic polymer. Micropore formation can be sufficiently achieved by ensuring that the content of the ionic polymer is not excessively high. For example, within the weight ratio range of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, the size variation of the micropores is maintained at 2.3 μm or less, and the micropore density can be measured at 850 pores / mm² or more.

[0054] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer may be 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. When the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer is set to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, the dispersion film of the ionic polymer can uniformly control the etching reaction. By ensuring that the concentration of ammonium bifluoride does not exceed the dispersion control capability of the ionic polymer, the mixing of deep etching and mild etching can be prevented. For example, when the weight ratio is 1.0:0.33 (outside the range), the standard deviation of the micropore diameter increases to 11.2 μm, but when it is 1.0:0.4 (within the range), it decreases sharply to 2.3 μm.

[0055] In one embodiment, uniform mild etching can be performed across the entire surface of the flooring material by controlling the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to an ionic polymer to 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0. The ionic polymer can form a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring material to prevent the etching reaction of ammonium bifluoride from being concentrated locally. Ammonium bifluoride passes through the dispersion film of the ionic polymer and reacts with SiO₂, but the reaction rate can be maintained at a constant level by the dispersion film. For example, in the weight ratio range of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, micropores are evenly distributed across the entire surface, and the micropore density can be measured to be 850 pores / mm² or higher.

[0056] In one embodiment, if the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer is less than 1.0:0.4 or exceeds 1.0:2.0, discoloration and staining may increase, so the above range may serve as a threshold value for preventing discoloration and staining. When the weight ratio is less than 1.0:0.4, the ability to control the dispersion of the ionic polymer is insufficient, causing deep etching, and the degree of discoloration may rapidly increase to 2.4 or higher. When the weight ratio exceeds 1.0:2.0, the ionic polymer is excessive, excessively suppressing the etching reaction, and insufficient micropore formation may cause the coefficient of friction to decrease to 0.60 or lower. For example, within the range of a weight ratio of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, results can be achieved with a discoloration degree ΔE* of 1.1 or lower and a wet friction coefficient of 0.64 or higher.

[0057] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer may be 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0. When the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer is set to 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0, the uniformity of the etching reaction and the efficiency of micropore formation can be further improved. In this range, the dispersion film of the ionic polymer can appropriately control the etching reaction, while the micropore formation effect of ammonium bifluoride can be sufficiently expressed. For example, in the weight ratio range of 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0, excellent performance can be achieved with a wet friction coefficient of 0.68 to 0.72 and a discoloration degree ΔE* of 0.6 to 0.9.

[0058] In one embodiment, the friction coefficient and color stability can be simultaneously optimized by setting the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to ionic polymer to 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0. In the weight ratio range of 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.0, the size and spacing of micropores are maintained uniformly, so the friction coefficient of the flooring surface can be improved to approximately 0.70. In this range, the dispersion film of the ionic polymer suppresses discoloration and staining, so that the color change can be maintained at ΔE* 0.8 or less. For example, if the composition is applied to colored tiles and an etching reaction is carried out at 20°C for 8 minutes, a result with a friction coefficient of 0.72 and a discoloration degree of ΔE* 0.7 can be obtained.

[0059] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coating composition may further comprise propylene glycol methyl ether and 2-propanol. The coating composition may improve the performance of the composition by optionally adding propylene glycol methyl ether and 2-propanol. Propylene glycol methyl ether can help with the uniform mixing of various components within the composition based on its water solubility and compatibility with organic solvents. 2-propanol can remove oil from the surface and increase wettability during application, allowing the composition to spread evenly on the surface of the flooring material. For example, the uniformity and surface adhesion of the composition during the application and drying process may be improved by adding propylene glycol methyl ether and 2-propanol. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coating composition may include optional additives to control the physical and chemical properties of the composition. Optional additives can adjust various properties such as the evaporation rate, dispersion stability, degreasing power, and wettability of the composition. For example, propylene glycol methyl ether can mitigate the evaporation rate, and 2-propanol can contribute to the removal of surface contaminants and the improvement of coating uniformity.

[0060] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, propylene glycol methyl ether may be in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. Propylene glycol methyl ether may be added within a range of 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition. Adding within this range allows the viscosity and evaporation characteristics of the composition to be appropriately controlled. For example, adding 1.5 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether may improve the surface uniformity of the composition during the drying process after application. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, propylene glycol methyl ether may be added as a co-solvent compatible with both water and organic solvents. Propylene glycol methyl ether is miscible with both water-soluble and organic solvent components, thereby stabilizing the dispersion of each component within the composition. For example, when propylene glycol methyl ether is added to a composition in which an organosilica compound and an ionic polymer are present simultaneously, the dispersion of the two components can be maintained uniformly. In one embodiment, propylene glycol methyl ether can improve the dispersion stability of the organosilica compound in an aqueous solution. Propylene glycol methyl ether can prevent the organosilica compound from aggregating in an aqueous solution, thereby allowing it to be stably dispersed in a fine particle state. For example, when the concentration of the organosilica compound is 2.0 parts by weight, adding 2.0 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether can significantly reduce precipitation or aggregation phenomena. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, propylene glycol methyl ether can mitigate the evaporation rate of the coating composition, thereby ensuring uniformity during the application and drying process. Propylene glycol methyl ether has low volatility, which can prevent the surface of the composition from drying rapidly after application. For example, when applied at 25°C, a composition containing propylene glycol methyl ether has an extended drying time, allowing a uniform film to be formed over the entire surface.

[0061] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, propylene glycol methyl ether may serve to control the evaporation rate of the composition and improve dispersion stability. Propylene glycol methyl ether delays the volatilization of the composition after application, allowing a film to be formed evenly on the surface. Additionally, by increasing dispersion stability, it can suppress phenomena such as precipitation or aggregation of individual components. For example, a composition containing 2.5 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether can maintain a uniform state for 10 minutes after application. In one embodiment, the addition of propylene glycol methyl ether may contribute to ensuring the uniformity of drying of the composition after application. A composition containing propylene glycol methyl ether can form a film of uniform thickness over the entire surface during the drying process. For example, when 1.5 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether is added during a 100 g / m² application, the surface thickness variation can be maintained at 5% or less.

[0062] In one embodiment, 2-propanol may be in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition. 2-propanol may be added within a range of 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition. Adding it within this range allows for the simultaneous achievement of surface degreasing effects and improved wettability. For example, adding 2.0 parts by weight of 2-propanol effectively removes oil from the surface of the flooring material and enables uniform application of the composition. In one embodiment, 2-propanol may be included in the coating composition as an optional additive. 2-propanol acts as an optional additive to the composition to enhance the surface treatment performance of the composition as needed. For example, when applying to heavily contaminated flooring, adding 2-propanol can improve surface cleaning and application uniformity.

[0063] In one embodiment, 2-propanol can provide a degreasing effect by removing oil from the surface of the flooring. 2-propanol dissolves oil or contaminants present on the surface, allowing the surface of the flooring to be maintained in a clean state. For example, when pre-treated with a composition to which 1.5 parts by weight of 2-propanol are added, the residual oil on the surface can be reduced to 10% or less. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, 2-propanol can improve the wettability of the coating composition so that it can be applied uniformly to the surface of the flooring. 2-propanol lowers surface tension, allowing the composition to spread evenly over the entire surface of the flooring. For example, when a composition containing 2-propanol is applied, bubbles or clumping on the surface are reduced, allowing a uniform film to be formed.

[0064] FIG. 2 is an example of a flowchart of a method for discoloration and anti-slip treatment according to one embodiment.

[0065] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for discoloration and anti-slip treatment of a flooring material may include a pretreatment step (210), a coating step (220), an etching step (230), a rinsing step (240), and a drying step (250). The discoloration and anti-slip treatment of the flooring material may be composed of a five-step continuous process. The pretreatment step (210) may include surface cleaning and removal of foreign substances. The coating step (220) may include a process of uniformly applying a coating composition to the surface of the flooring material. The etching step (230) may carry out a chemical reaction that forms micropores on the coated surface. The rinsing step (240) may remove residue after etching by washing with water. The drying step (250) may stabilize the surface of the cleaned flooring material by drying it with hot air or naturally. Each step may proceed sequentially to ensure consistency of the entire process.

[0067] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pretreatment step (210) can ensure the cleanliness of the flooring surface to improve the consistency of subsequent processes and the adhesion of the coating composition. The pretreatment step (210) can clean the surface by removing foreign substances such as dust, oil, and contaminants present on the surface of the flooring. By increasing the cleanliness of the surface, the pretreatment step (210) can enable the coating composition to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the flooring in the application step (220). The pretreatment step (210) can prevent foreign substances remaining on the surface from hindering the uniformity of the etching reaction. For example, oil can be effectively removed by using 2-propanol in the pretreatment step (210). The pretreatment step (210) can perform customized cleaning according to the type and contamination state of the flooring by applying various cleaning agents such as water, neutral detergent, and 2-propanol.

[0068] In one embodiment, in the pretreatment step (210), foreign substances can be removed by cleaning the surface of the flooring material. Cleaning the surface of the flooring material may include a process of removing dust, oil, contaminants, residual cement powder, etc. attached to the surface. Surface cleaning can be performed using a cleaning agent in combination with physical tools such as a sponge, brush, or microfiber cloth. For example, when cleaning the surface, 2-propanol can be applied and then rubbed with a brush to separate oil and contaminants. After cleaning, the residual cleaning agent can be rinsed off with clean water to prevent it from hindering the reactivity of the next step. Surface cleaning can improve the adhesion of the coating composition by removing foreign substances remaining in fine irregularities or grooves on the surface of the flooring material.

[0069] In one embodiment, surface cleaning and foreign matter removal may include a process of removing dust, oil, contaminants, etc. attached to the surface of the flooring material. Surface cleaning and foreign matter removal may adjust the concentration and amount of cleaning agent according to the degree of contamination on the surface of the flooring material. Surface cleaning and foreign matter removal can prevent oil remaining on the surface from impeding the wettability and adhesion of the coating composition. For example, dust attached to the surface may be removed first using a vacuum cleaner or a dry cloth, and then oil and contaminants may be washed secondarily using 2-propanol or a neutral detergent. Surface cleaning and foreign matter removal may include a step of rinsing with sufficient water after cleaning to ensure that no residual cleaning agent or contaminants remain.

[0070] In one embodiment, various cleaning agents such as water, neutral detergent, and 2-propanol may be used for surface cleaning and foreign matter removal. Water can be used to remove water-soluble contaminants or dust attached to the surface. Neutral detergent can decompose and remove organic contaminants or light oil remaining on the surface. 2-propanol can effectively dissolve and remove oil or grease stains on the surface. For example, oil can be completely removed by spraying 2-propanol and then wiping with a microfiber cloth. The selection of the cleaning agent may vary depending on the material of the flooring, the type of contamination, and the requirements of the subsequent process.

[0071] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the removal of contaminants and oil can contribute to ensuring a uniform distribution and adhesion of the coating composition during the application step (220). The removal of contaminants and oil can improve the wettability of the surface, allowing the coating composition to spread evenly over the entire surface. The removal of contaminants and oil can increase the consistency of the etching reaction by minimizing variations in the thickness of the coating composition. For example, if oil remains, the coating composition may be pushed out or clump in certain areas, but after the removal of oil, a uniform application is possible. The removal of contaminants and oil can increase the surface adhesion of the coating composition, thereby preventing peeling or lifting.

[0072] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the removal of contaminants and oil can ensure uniformity of the etching reaction by removing foreign substances from the surface. The removal of contaminants and oil can prevent foreign substances remaining on the surface from hindering the progress of the etching reaction or causing local differences in reaction rates. The removal of contaminants and oil can help ensure that the size and distribution of micropores are formed uniformly, thereby inducing a uniform improvement in the coefficient of friction. For example, if contaminants remain on the surface, the etching reaction in that area may be inhibited, resulting in the uneven formation of micropores; however, after the removal of contaminants and oil, micropores can be formed uniformly. The removal of contaminants and oil can also contribute to minimizing the occurrence of discoloration or stains.

[0073] In one embodiment, the application step (220) may serve to uniformly distribute the coating composition onto the surface of the pre-treated flooring. The application step (220) may control the coating composition to be applied to the entire surface of the flooring at a uniform thickness. The application step (220) may adjust the application method and amount according to the viscosity and surface tension of the coating composition. For example, a spray method or a roller method may be selected in the application step (220) to ensure that the coating composition penetrates evenly into irregularities or grooves on the surface of the flooring. The application step (220) may ensure uniformity of the subsequent etching reaction by minimizing the thickness variation of the coating film formed on the surface immediately after application.

[0074] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the application step (220) may control the amount and method of application of the coating composition to maximize the anti-slip and discoloration reduction effects on the surface of the flooring material. The application step (220) may adjust the amount of application within the range of 80 to 120 g / m² so that the anti-slip effect and the discoloration reduction effect are achieved simultaneously. The application step (220) may adjust the uniformity of distribution of the coating composition and the surface coverage rate according to the application method. For example, a spray method can form a thin and uniform coating film over the entire surface by spraying fine particles, and a roller method can precisely control the application thickness by adhering the coating composition to the surface with a constant pressure. The application step (220) may select the optimal amount and method of application according to the type of flooring material, the surface condition, and the viscosity of the composition.

[0075] In one embodiment, the coating step (220) may apply various coating methods to ensure uniformity of the surface condition of the flooring material, the viscosity of the composition, and the subsequent etching reaction. The coating step (220) may select various coating methods, such as a spray method, a roller method, or a brush method, depending on the surface irregularities, absorbency, and surface energy of the flooring material. When the viscosity of the composition is high, the coating step (220) may maintain a constant coating thickness using a roller method, and when the viscosity is low, it may maximize the distribution of fine particles using a spray method. For example, a spray method may be applied to marble with a smooth surface to increase the uniformity of micropore formation, and a roller method may be applied to terrazzo with a rough surface to allow the coating composition to penetrate into the grooves. The coating step (220) may ensure uniformity of the subsequent etching reaction by controlling the penetration depth and surface coverage rate of the coating composition according to the coating method.

[0076] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the amount of coating applied in the coating step (220) may be 80 to 120 g / m². The amount of coating applied in the coating step (220) may be adjusted within the range of 80 to 120 g / m² depending on the absorbency of the flooring surface, the viscosity of the composition, and the method of application. If the amount of coating applied is less than 80 g / m², the thickness of the coating film is insufficient, which may reduce the anti-slip and discoloration reduction effects. If the amount of coating applied exceeds 120 g / m², an excessive coating film is formed on the surface, which may reduce the uniformity of the etching reaction or increase the drying time. For example, when applied at 100 g / m² to a colored tile surface, excellent performance such as a wet friction coefficient of 0.64 to 0.72 and a discoloration degree ΔE* of 0.6 to 1.1 can be achieved. The application amount can be measured and adjusted in real time depending on the application method; in the roller method, the roller pressure and speed are controlled, and in the spray method, the spray amount and movement speed are controlled to achieve the target application amount.

[0077] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the application step (220) may be performed by spray application or roller application. In the application step (220), spray application may spray the coating composition as fine particles to distribute it evenly over the entire surface. In the application step (220), roller application may apply the coating composition to the surface of the flooring material at a constant thickness using the rotation and pressure of a roller. The application method may be selected according to the surface condition of the flooring material, the viscosity of the composition, and the working environment. For example, spray application may be applied to flooring materials with a large surface area to increase work efficiency, while roller application may be applied to localized repair work to precisely control the application thickness. The application method may have a direct effect on the penetration depth of the coating composition, the surface coverage rate, and the uniformity of the application.

[0078] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the spray method can uniformly apply the coating composition to the entire surface of the flooring material by spraying it as fine particles. The spray method can control the particle size and distribution range of the coating composition by adjusting the spray pressure, spray angle, and movement speed of the nozzle. The spray method can enable the coating composition to penetrate evenly into flooring materials with many irregularities or grooves on the surface. For example, the spray method can form a thin and uniform coating film over the entire surface by using a nozzle with a diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 mm and spraying from a distance of 20 to 30 cm. The spray method can maintain the application amount within the range of 80 to 120 g / m² by adjusting the operator's movement speed and spray amount in real time.

[0079] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the roller method can apply a coating composition to the surface of a flooring material to a uniform thickness using a roller. The roller method can control the application thickness and uniformity according to the material, diameter, and surface pattern of the roller. When applied to a flooring material with a flat surface, the roller method can minimize variations in application thickness. For example, by using a polyurethane roller and applying it back and forth 1 to 2 times, a coating film of 100 g / m² can be uniformly formed on the surface. The roller method can adjust the application thickness in real time by controlling the operator's pressure and movement speed. The roller method enables precise application even in localized repair work or in confined spaces.

[0080] In one embodiment, the etching step (230) may serve to maintain the applied coating composition to carry out an etching reaction on the surface of the flooring. In the etching step (230), the ammonium bifluoride included in the coating composition may chemically react with SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring to create micropores. In the etching step (230), the ionic polymer may form a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring to control the uniformity of the etching reaction. For example, if the weight ratio of ammonium bifluoride to the ionic polymer in the etching step (230) is within the range of 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.0, uniform mild etching may proceed over the entire surface of the flooring. The etching step (230) may maintain the applied coating composition on the surface of the flooring for a certain period of time, thereby allowing for precise control of the size and distribution of micropores.

[0081] In one embodiment, the etching step (230) can form micropores on the surface of the flooring material to provide anti-slip and discoloration reduction effects. The micropores formed in the etching step (230) can increase the friction coefficient of the flooring material surface, thereby preventing slip accidents. A uniform distribution of micropores in the etching step (230) can minimize color change and staining of the flooring material. For example, if the density of micropores in the etching step (230) is maintained at 850 pores / mm² and the diameter standard deviation is 2.3 μm, excellent performance can be achieved with a wet friction coefficient of 0.64 to 0.72 and a discoloration degree ΔE* of 0.6 to 1.1.

[0082] In one embodiment, the etching step (230) may be performed according to preset temperature and time conditions. The etching step (230) may be performed under conditions of a temperature of 20 to 25°C and a time of 5 to 10 minutes. The temperature and time of the etching step (230) may have a direct effect on the size and distribution of micropores and the degree of discoloration of the flooring surface. For example, if the temperature is less than 20°C or the time is less than 5 minutes, micropore formation may be insufficient, and if the temperature exceeds 25°C or the time exceeds 10 minutes, discoloration may occur due to excessive etching.

[0083] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the etching step (230) may be performed at a temperature of 20 to 25°C. The temperature of the etching step (230) can control the reaction rate between ammonium bifluoride and SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring material. In the temperature range of 20 to 25°C, the etching reaction is not excessively accelerated, so the size and distribution of micropores can be maintained uniformly. For example, if etching is performed at 20°C for 8 minutes, the standard deviation of the micropore diameter can be measured as 2.3 μm.

[0084] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature of the etching step (230) may affect the speed of the etching reaction and the uniformity of micropore formation. As the temperature increases, the speed of the etching reaction increases, allowing micropores to be formed quickly, but at excessive temperatures, the variation in micropore size may increase. Conversely, if the temperature is low, the etching reaction slows down, resulting in insufficient micropore formation or uneven distribution over the entire surface. For example, if etching is performed at 25°C for 10 minutes, an anti-slip effect and a discoloration reduction effect can be achieved simultaneously.

[0085] In one embodiment, the etching step (230) may be performed for 5 to 10 minutes. The time of the etching step (230) can determine the minimum and maximum reaction time required for the ammonium bifluoride to react with SiO₂ on the surface of the flooring material to form micropores. An etching time of less than 5 minutes may result in insufficient micropore formation, which may reduce the anti-slip effect. An etching time exceeding 10 minutes may result in discoloration or staining of the surface of the flooring material due to excessive etching. For example, if etching is performed for 8 minutes, the density and size of the micropores are maintained uniformly, allowing for excellent friction coefficients and low discoloration.

[0086] In one embodiment, the time of the etching step (230) may affect the size and distribution of micropores on the surface of the flooring material. As the etching time increases, the diameter of the micropores increases, and as the time decreases, the formation of micropores may be insufficient. For example, the average diameter of the micropores may increase to 12 μm when etched for 5 minutes, and to 18 μm when etched for 10 minutes. The etching time may be adjusted according to the type of flooring material and the surface condition.

[0087] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the etching step (230) can form uniform micropores over the entire surface of the flooring material. In the etching step (230), an ionic polymer can form a dispersion film on the surface of the flooring material to uniformly control the etching reaction of ammonium bifluoride. The uniform formation of micropores can be assisted by the cellular action of tripolyphosphate and the etching inhibitory action of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. For example, uniform mild etching over the entire surface of the flooring material can be achieved if the density of micropores is maintained at 850 / mm² and the diameter standard deviation is 2.3 μm.

[0088] In one embodiment, the uniform formation of micropores in the etching step (230) can contribute to simultaneously achieving an improvement in the friction coefficient and a reduction in discoloration. When micropores are uniformly formed, the friction coefficient of the flooring surface can be improved to a range of 0.64 to 0.72. If the size and distribution of the micropores are constant, the discoloration degree ΔE* is maintained at 0.6 to 1.1, thereby minimizing discoloration or stains on the appearance. For example, by applying the composition and treatment conditions of the present invention, the anti-slip effect and the discoloration reduction effect can be simultaneously improved compared to conventional etching agents.

[0089] In one embodiment, the rinsing step (240) may serve to wash the flooring material that has undergone the etching step (230) with water. The rinsing step (240) may be performed to remove reaction by-products of the coating composition remaining on the surface of the flooring material after the etching reaction. In the rinsing step (240), water may be sprayed or flowed evenly over the entire surface of the flooring material to wash away residual components even inside the micropores. For example, the rinsing step (240) may be performed using a high-pressure spray method or a large amount of flowing water to ensure that water sufficiently reaches all areas of the flooring material surface.

[0090] In one embodiment, the rinsing step (240) can improve the efficiency of the subsequent drying step (250) by removing reaction residues and by-products remaining on the surface of the flooring material. In the rinsing step (240), reaction residues may include decomposition products of ammonium bifluoride, phosphoric acid, tripolyphosphate, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, organic silica compounds, etc. If the residues are sufficiently removed in the rinsing step (240), no stains or cloudiness remain on the surface in the drying step (250), and moisture evaporation can proceed smoothly. For example, if the residues are not removed in the rinsing step (240), discoloration or stains may occur on the surface after drying, so the washing intensity and time of the rinsing step (240) can be appropriately adjusted.

[0091] In one embodiment, the rinsing step (240) can effectively remove coating composition components remaining in the micropores on the surface of the flooring material to minimize discoloration and staining. In the rinsing step (240), ionic polymers, tripolyphosphates, organic silica compounds, etc. remaining inside the micropores can be discharged from the surface through water washing. If the residue inside the micropores is completely removed in the rinsing step (240), color change and staining of the flooring material after drying can be significantly reduced. For example, if washing is repeated 2 to 3 times in the rinsing step (240), more than 95% of the residue inside the micropores can be removed.

[0092] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the rinsing step (240) can remove etching reaction residues remaining on the surface of the flooring material by washing with water. In the rinsing step (240), water can be sprayed directly onto the surface of the flooring material or applied by immersion to wash away SiF₄, NH₄F, phosphate, silica residues, etc. generated after the etching reaction. For example, if flowing water is supplied continuously for 1 to 2 minutes in the rinsing step (240), reaction by-products remaining on the surface can be effectively removed.

[0093] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, if a sufficient amount of water is used in the rinsing step (240), components such as ammonium bifluoride, ionic polymers, phosphoric acid, tripolyphosphate, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and organic silica compounds remaining on the surface of the flooring material and within the micropores can be effectively washed away. The amount of water used in the rinsing step (240) can be determined according to the surface area of ​​the flooring material and the density of the micropores, for example, using 2 to 5 L of water per 1 m² can achieve a washing efficiency of 90% or more for residual components. In the rinsing step (240), the surface can be repeatedly rubbed or cleaned using a brush to allow water to penetrate into the micropores.

[0094] In one embodiment, water washing in the rinsing step (240) adjusts the pH of the flooring surface to be close to neutral, thereby ensuring surface stability in the subsequent drying step (250). If water washing is performed sufficiently in the rinsing step (240), phosphoric acid and other acidic components are diluted, and the pH of the surface can be adjusted to a range of 6.5 to 7.5. For example, after the rinsing step (240), the surface pH can be measured and additional washing can be performed to bring it close to neutral, thereby maintaining the chemical stability of the surface in the drying step (250).

[0095] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drying step (250) may serve to dry the flooring material that has undergone the rinsing step (240). The drying step (250) may evaporate moisture remaining on the surface of the flooring material after water washing in the rinsing step (240). The drying step (250) may remove residual moisture on the surface and inside the micropores by supplying heat uniformly over the entire surface of the flooring material. For example, the drying step (250) may rapidly evaporate moisture on the surface by maintaining the flooring material at a temperature of 25 to 35°C for a certain period of time using a hot air drying device. The drying step (250) may adjust the drying time and temperature according to the material, thickness, and surface treatment condition of the flooring material.

[0096] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drying step (250) can contribute to removing moisture from the surface of the flooring material and ensuring the chemical and physical stability of the surface. When moisture is sufficiently removed in the drying step (250), the micropore structure of the surface is stabilized, and the friction coefficient and discoloration reduction effects can be continuously maintained. The drying step (250) can prevent stains or cloudiness by ensuring that trace amounts of coating composition components that may remain on the surface are dried evenly. For example, if the moisture content of the surface is reduced to 0.1% or less in the drying step (250), color change and surface damage of the flooring material can be significantly reduced.

[0097] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drying step (250) may be important for stabilizing the surface condition so that discoloration, stains, or cloudiness do not occur on the surface of the flooring material during subsequent use. If moisture and reaction residues on the surface are completely removed during the drying step (250), the appearance of the flooring material can be maintained uniformly. The drying step (250) allows the anti-slip effect and anti-discoloration effect to be maintained for a long period of time as moisture remaining in the micropores of the flooring material surface evaporates. For example, if the drying step (250) is insufficient, stains or cloudiness may occur on the surface, so surface stability can be ensured by appropriately adjusting the hot air drying time and temperature.

[0098] In one embodiment, the drying step (250) may be performed by hot air drying at a temperature of 25 to 35°C. Hot air drying can induce rapid evaporation of residual moisture by supplying heat uniformly to the entire surface of the flooring material. Hot air drying can continuously supply air at a constant temperature to the surface of the flooring material using a hot air device combined with a blower and a heater. For example, hot air drying can effectively remove moisture from the surface and inside the micropores by maintaining the flooring material at a temperature of 25 to 35°C for 10 to 20 minutes.

[0099] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, hot air drying can induce rapid evaporation of residual moisture by supplying heat uniformly to the entire surface of the flooring material. Hot air drying can adjust the airflow speed and temperature according to the surface area and thickness of the flooring material. Hot air drying can rotate the flooring material or periodically change the direction of airflow so that heat reaches all areas of the flooring material surface evenly. For example, the air outlet of the hot air drying device can be positioned 10 to 20 cm away from the surface of the flooring material so that the heat is not concentrated but dispersed evenly.

[0100] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature range of hot air drying can be adjusted according to the material and surface treatment state of the flooring material, and surface deformation or damage can be minimized by preventing an excessive rise in temperature. If the temperature of hot air drying exceeds 35°C, the coating composition components on the surface of the flooring material dry rapidly, which may reduce uniformity. If the temperature of hot air drying is less than 25°C, the rate of moisture evaporation slows down, which may prolong the drying time. For example, for heat-sensitive flooring materials such as marble or terrazzo, low-temperature hot air drying of 25 to 30°C can be applied to prevent surface deformation.

[0101] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drying step (250) can effectively remove moisture remaining on the surface of the flooring material and inside the micropores. In the drying step (250), hot air can penetrate into the micropores to evaporate moisture remaining not only on the surface but also inside the micropores. The drying step (250) can reduce the moisture content on the surface of the flooring material to 0.1% or less, thereby stably maintaining the anti-slip effect and discoloration reduction effect of the surface. For example, if the airflow speed of the hot air is increased in the drying step (250), the evaporation of moisture inside the micropores can be further promoted.

[0102] In one embodiment, when moisture is sufficiently removed during the drying step (250), the micropore structure of the surface is stabilized, and the friction coefficient and discoloration reduction effects can be continuously maintained. When the micropore structure is stabilized during the drying step (250), external moisture or contaminants do not easily penetrate the surface, thereby improving the durability of the flooring material. The drying step (250) can be performed by slowly evaporating moisture so that the size and distribution of the micropores do not change. For example, if the friction coefficient of the surface is maintained in the range of 0.64 to 0.72 during the drying step (250), the anti-slip effect can be maintained for a long period.

[0103] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drying step (250) can prevent stains or cloudiness by ensuring that trace amounts of coating composition components that may remain on the surface are dried evenly. Since stains or cloudiness may occur on the surface if trace amounts of the coating composition are dried unevenly during the drying step (250), the temperature and direction of the hot air can be periodically changed to induce uniform drying. In order to prevent color change and gloss reduction of the surface, the surface condition after drying can be checked visually or with a colorimeter. For example, if the ΔE* value of the surface after the drying step (250) is maintained at 1.1 or less, it can be determined that discoloration and stains have been significantly reduced.

[0105] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to the limited drawings, those skilled in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based thereon. For example, appropriate results may be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or if the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or assembled in a form different from described, or replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents. Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims below also fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claim 1 A coating composition for discoloration and anti-slip treatment on the surface of a flooring material, comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of the coating composition, 70 to 80 parts by weight of purified water; 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of ammonium bifluoride; 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid; 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight of an ionic polymer; 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight of tripolyphosphate; 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid; and 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight of an organic silica compound; 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether; and 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight of 2-propanol, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium bifluoride and the ionic polymer is 1.0:0.4 to 1.0:2.

0. Claim 2 A coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium bifluoride and the ionic polymer is 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.

0. Claim 3 A coating composition according to claim 2, wherein the ammonium bifluoride is 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, the phosphoric acid is 2.0 to 4.0 parts by weight, the ionic polymer is 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, the tripolyphosphate is 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight, the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight, and the organic silica compound is 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight. Claim 4 delete Claim 5 A method for applying a discoloration and anti-slip treatment to the surface of a flooring material, comprising: a pretreatment step of washing the surface of the flooring material to remove foreign substances; an application step of applying a coating composition to the surface of the washed flooring material; an etching step of maintaining the applied flooring material according to preset temperature and time conditions to carry out an etching reaction; a rinsing step of washing the flooring material that has undergone the etching step with water; and a drying step of drying the flooring material that has undergone the rinsing step, wherein the coating composition is a coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Claim 6 A method according to claim 5, wherein the coating amount in the coating step is 80 g / m² to 120 g / m², the etching step is performed for 5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 20°C to 25°C, the coating step is performed by spray coating or roller coating, and the drying step is performed by hot air drying at a temperature of 25°C to 35°C.

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