Gas Insulated Switchgear with Integrated Circuit Breaker Operation Diagnostic Function and Smart I / O Function Based on Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

A gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) equipped with a multiplexed diagnostic and control panel according to an embodiment includes a sensor that measures electrical characteristics including voltage and current; and a main controller that collects sensing data regarding electrical characteristics from the sensor to determine the state of the GIS system, displays the state, and controls the GIS system. The main controller is linked with a subordinate slave panel that has a master-slave relationship with the main controller to manage a plurality of linked slave panels, determines the state of the GIS system based on data collected from the plurality of slave panels, and the slave panels can be multiplexed so that if one slave panel is in an abnormal state, another slave panel provides operation for the slave panel in the abnormal state.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic functions and smart input / output functions, and more specifically, to a gas-insulated switchgear that integrates an artificial intelligence-based circuit breaker diagnostic part and a circuit breaker control part. Background Technology

[0002] Unless otherwise indicated in this specification, the contents described in this section are not prior art for the claims of this application, and are not to be recognized as prior art simply because they are included in this section.

[0003] Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is primarily used in power systems to safely switch and control high-voltage power. GIS consists of components such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, grounding switches, current transformers, and transformers, with each component responsible for the safe switching and control of high-voltage power. GIS is a system that insulates power switchgear using gases with excellent insulation performance (such as SF6 or eco-friendly gases). Compared to conventional air-insulated switchgear (AIS), it can safely insulate high voltages in smaller spaces, making it widely used in substations and large-scale power systems.

[0004] A gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) may be composed of multiple bays. A bay refers to a module or section that performs a specific function in an electrical or power system. Each bay configured in the gas-insulated switchgear may be configured to include a circuit breaker, a sensor module, a main controller, at least one sub-controller, etc.

[0005] Conventional GIS is formed indoors using a metal enclosure such as a cabinet and consists of multiple bays. Power equipment is housed in each bay and operated by IEDs. Conventionally, a sequence circuit type control panel is required for circuit breaker control. However, existing field control panels are composed of sequence circuits, which requires a large number of assembly personnel and production time during manufacturing and field installation, resulting in high field installation costs.

[0006] Furthermore, in existing GIS systems, the part that diagnoses the status of circuit breakers and the part responsible for the actual control of the circuit breakers (IED - Intelligent Electronic Device) are physically separated. This makes it difficult to exchange information and synchronize between the two parts, which can lead to reduced system maintenance and management efficiency. Additionally, existing GIS systems lack smart input / output functions such as touch panels, making it impossible to intuitively check the on / off status of circuit breakers or control them via touch. Accordingly, there is a need for a function that visually displays the circuit breaker status to operators in real time and enables easy operation through an intuitive touch interface.

[0007] Furthermore, conventional GIS utilizes sequence circuits for circuit breaker control, resulting in complex internal wiring. While sequence control circuits are a common technology, this complex wiring increases installation and maintenance costs and can lead to significant delays in troubleshooting in the event of a failure. Consequently, there is a high demand for GIS that simplify control methods or transition to digital systems to reduce wiring complexity and enhance the reliability of the entire system. Prior art literature

[0008] 1. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-2108817 (May 4, 2020) 2. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1671867 (October 27, 2016) The problem to be solved

[0009] A gas-insulated switchgear with an integrated artificial intelligence-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function according to an embodiment integrates a circuit breaker diagnosis part and a circuit breaker control part so that data communication between the diagnosis system and the input / output system is performed in real time, allowing the diagnosis results to be immediately reflected in the control.

[0010] In addition, in the embodiment, since the control and diagnostic functions of the circuit breaker are implemented in a single device through an integrated system, the complex sequence circuit and wiring can be simplified.

[0011] In addition, in the embodiment, the status of the circuit breaker can be monitored in real time through the smart input / output function and controlled directly via the touch panel.

[0012] In addition, in the embodiment, since diagnostic and control data are managed within an integrated system, data can be collected and analyzed more consistently.

[0013] However, the problem to be solved according to one embodiment is not limited only to that mentioned above. means of solving the problem

[0014] A gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function according to an embodiment includes: a circuit breaker that performs a circuit breaker operation by opening and closing the circuit of the gas-insulated switchgear; a sensor module that monitors the state of the circuit breaker; and an integrated IED that collects monitoring data of the circuit breaker to perform control and circuit breaker state determination, and diagnoses the state of the circuit breaker according to the analysis result of the monitoring data. The information collected by the sensor module is transmitted to the integrated IED through an information collection communication line, and the integrated IED collects monitoring data including the circuit breaker state, current, and voltage through the information collection communication line, and can control the circuit breaker in real time according to the analysis result of the monitoring data.

[0015] In addition, a gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and smart input / output function is composed of multiple bays, and among the multiple bays, the first bay includes a circuit breaker and a sensor module, and the second bay may include an integrated IED.

[0016] In addition, the integrated IED may include a diagnostic unit that analyzes monitoring data of the circuit breaker and diagnoses the circuit breaker according to the analysis result, and a control unit that controls the circuit breaker according to the diagnosis result of the circuit breaker.

[0017] In addition, the diagnostic unit can identify the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker, detect abnormal values ​​that deviate from the normal operating range, diagnose the state of the circuit breaker based on the result of the abnormal value detection, and determine the state of the circuit breaker based on the diagnosis result.

[0018] In addition, the diagnostic unit can determine the condition of the circuit breaker based on at least one monitoring result among the wear condition of internal components of the circuit breaker, electrical instability, abnormal high temperature, and the possibility of failure.

[0019] In addition, the status of the circuit breaker can be determined as one of the following: normal state, warning state, or maintenance required state.

[0020] In addition, the diagnostic unit learns specific patterns of the circuit breaker's monitoring data through an intelligent algorithm and compares the learned patterns with the monitoring data collected over a certain period of time, thereby predicting the abnormal state of the circuit breaker or detecting the abnormal state early based on the comparison result.

[0021] In addition, the control unit can select one of a plurality of control modes for the circuit breaker based on the diagnosis result of the circuit breaker and apply the selected control mode.

[0022] In addition, the control unit may display a warning when the deviation between the monitoring data and normal data is a minor abnormality below a certain level, execute an immediate blocking operation when the deviation exceeds a certain level, and apply a control option to block after a certain time delay based on the analysis results of the deviation and monitoring data. Effects of the invention

[0023] A gas-insulated switchgear integrating the circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and smart I / O function described above immediately reflects diagnostic results in control through real-time data communication between the diagnostic system and the I / O system. By providing rapid feedback, it enables real-time detection and quick response to problems occurring in the circuit breaker, thereby enhancing system stability and improving operational efficiency.

[0024] In addition, in the embodiment, the complex sequence circuit and wiring configuration are simplified through an integrated system, thereby simplifying the installation process and maintenance procedures, which not only reduces initial installation costs but also provides the effect of reducing future maintenance costs due to wiring problems.

[0025] In addition, in the embodiment, the status of the circuit breaker is monitored in real time through a smart input / output function and can be controlled directly via a touch panel, thereby allowing the user to intuitively understand the operating status of the circuit breaker and to control the circuit breaker quickly and accurately through simple operation via the touch panel, thus improving work efficiency.

[0026] In addition, in the embodiment, since diagnostic and control data are managed within an integrated system, data collection and analysis can be performed consistently, allowing for accurate identification of the device's status and performance, thereby enabling the establishment of regular maintenance plans and long-term performance optimization.

[0027] In addition, through the embodiment, monitoring and control functions integrated with real-time data communication enable rapid detection and response to failures or abnormal signs, thereby improving the overall reliability and safety of the system.

[0028] The integrated GIS system according to the embodiment increases operational efficiency and stability, reduces costs required for installation and maintenance, and creates the effect of maximizing system performance and reliability through real-time monitoring and consistent data management.

[0029] The effects obtainable from the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects can be clearly derived and understood by those skilled in the art to which the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure belong from the description below. That is, unintended effects resulting from the implementation of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can also be derived by those skilled in the art from the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0030] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating the basic structure of a gas-insulated switchgear with an AI-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and a smart input / output function integrated according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a drawing showing a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) combined with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and a smart input / output function according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the configuration of each bay of a gas-insulated switchgear according to an embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the communication structure between a SMART MPU, a SCADA system, and main and sub devices according to an embodiment. FIG. 5 is a drawing showing an individual bay structure in a GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 is a drawing showing a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) with an integrated artificial intelligence-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function according to an embodiment. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0031] Hereinafter, embodiments disclosed in this specification will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Identical or similar components regardless of drawing symbols are assigned the same reference number, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. The suffixes "module" and "part" used for components in the following description are assigned or used interchangeably solely for the ease of drafting the specification and do not inherently possess distinct meanings or roles. Furthermore, in describing embodiments disclosed in this specification, if it is determined that a detailed description of related prior art could obscure the essence of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, such detailed description will be omitted. Additionally, the attached drawings are intended only to facilitate understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification; the technical concept disclosed in this specification is not limited by the attached drawings, and it should be understood that they include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0032] Terms including ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., may be used to describe various components, but said components are not limited by said terms. These terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0033] When it is stated that one component is "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, there may also be other components in between. On the other hand, when it is stated that one component is "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

[0034] In this application, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0035] In this specification, the term "part" includes a unit realized by hardware, a unit realized by software, and a unit realized using both. Additionally, one unit may be realized using two or more hardware, and two or more units may be realized by one hardware.

[0036] Some of the operations or functions described herein as being performed by a terminal, device, or device may instead be performed by a server connected to said terminal, device, or device. Likewise, some of the operations or functions described as being performed by a server may also be performed by a terminal, device, or device connected to said server.

[0037] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic structure of a gas-insulated switchgear with an integrated AI-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and a smart input / output function according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) may be composed of a plurality of bays. In the embodiment, a bay refers to a module or section that performs a specific function in an electrical system or power system. Each bay configured in the gas-insulated switchgear may be configured to include a circuit breaker, a sensor module, a main controller, and at least one sub-controller. In the embodiment, an integrated IED is installed only in the main controller. An integrated IED is an Integrated Electronic Device that integrates various electronic systems into a single device. As a single electronic device capable of performing multiple functions, it can typically integrate and provide various functions such as digital signal processing, power management, sensors, and communication modules.

[0039] In the embodiment, the main controller and the slave panel can be controlled by the main controller and the sub-controller, respectively. In the embodiment, since a hierarchical relationship is established between the main controller and the sub-controller, the main controller and the slave panel provide a user interface for control based on this hierarchical relationship. Additionally, the main controller diagnoses the operational characteristics of power equipment within the GIS and can control the power equipment based on the results of sensor data monitoring by linking with the power equipment control unit within the GIS. Furthermore, the main controller (Master Panel) performs the role of the central control unit of the GIS system. In the embodiment, the main controller oversees the operation of the entire system and coordinates all tasks through communication with the slave panel. To this end, the main controller monitors and processes data collected from across the system to identify the system status in real time, generates necessary control commands, and transmits them.

[0040] FIG. 2 is a drawing showing a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) combined with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and a smart input / output function according to an embodiment.

[0041] The gas-insulated switchgear according to the embodiment may include a smart MPU, a SCADA system, a main controller, a sub-controller, a circuit breaker protection device, and a status monitoring sensor. The insulated switchgear according to the embodiment enables more intelligent management of power interruption and protection functions within the GIS.

[0042] The Smart MPU (Main Processing Unit) serves as a key control unit within the Insulated Switchgear (GIS) and transmits and receives data in conjunction with the SCADA system. Additionally, the Smart MPU collects data from main and sub-devices and transmits it to the SCADA system. In the embodiment, the Smart MPU transmits control commands sent from the SCADA system to the main controller and sub-controllers to intelligently control the operation of the GIS. The SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system is a central management system that performs remote monitoring and control of the GIS. The SCADA communicates with the Smart MPU in real time to monitor the status of each device within the GIS and transmits control commands when necessary. Furthermore, it analyzes AI-based diagnostic data to predict and prevent abnormal operation of circuit breakers.

[0043] To this end, an AI algorithm is used to analyze the operation data of the circuit breaker and determine whether there is an abnormality. It also supports the optimization of fault prediction and maintenance plans. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the main controller and sub-controller collect data from the circuit breaker and related devices and transmit it to the SCADA and MPU. This enables real-time monitoring of the status of the circuit breaker, transformer, and feeder (F1, F2, etc.), thereby enhancing the stability of the power grid. The Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) according to the embodiment, which combines an AI-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and a smart I / O function, collects data from various sensors and protection devices within the GIS through smart I / O devices. Subsequently, the smart MPU receives data from the main controller and sub-controller.

[0044] Subsequently, the Smart MPU analyzes the collected data to determine if there are any abnormalities and transmits the findings to the SCADA system. Based on the AI ​​analysis results, the SCADA system diagnoses the operating characteristics of the circuit breakers and generates control commands if necessary.

[0045] In the embodiment, when a control command generated by SCADA is transmitted to the smart MPU, the smart MPU transmits the command to the main controller and sub-controller to coordinate the operation of the circuit breaker. Through this, the power switching and protection functions of the GIS are automated, and the possibility of failure can be minimized.

[0046] A gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) combined with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and a smart input / output function according to an embodiment can monitor and control the status of the circuit breaker in real time, centered on a SCADA system and a smart MPU. In addition, the stability of the GIS can be improved through the AI-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function, and operational efficiency can be maximized by utilizing the smart input / output function.

[0047] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of each bay of a gas-insulated switchgear according to an embodiment. Through FIG. 3, the bay structure of the GIS system and the integrated IED-based control system according to the embodiment will be explained.

[0048] As illustrated in FIG. 3, a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) includes a control and diagnostic system for individual bays. Referring to FIG. 3, the gas-insulated switchgear according to the embodiment may be composed of a bay including a master panel and a plurality of panels including slave panels. The bay including the master panel illustrated in FIG. 3 may be configured to include a main controller, an integrated IED, a circuit breaker, a disconnector, and a sensor module. The bay including the slave panel may be configured to include a sub-controller, an integrated IED, a circuit breaker, a disconnector, and a sensor module. Each bay includes a circuit breaker and a disconnector, and performs diagnosis and control using an integrated IED (Intelligent Electronic Device).

[0049] Bay #1 is a main bay using a master panel, and Bay #2 is a sub-bay using a slave panel. Both bays include an integrated IED consisting of a diagnostic unit and a control unit, which monitors and controls the operation of circuit breakers and disconnectors.

[0050] In the embodiment, the master panel is an interface that monitors the overall operating status of the GIS and issues major control commands. The slave panel receives commands from the master panel and enables the operation of devices in individual bays. The main controller is connected to the master panel and controls the circuit breakers and disconnectors of the main bay. The sub-controller is connected to the slave panel and controls the circuit breakers and disconnectors of the sub-bay.

[0051] The Integrated Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) consists of a diagnostic unit and a control unit, and monitors and controls the status of circuit breakers and disconnectors in real time. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit (Monitoring Unit) analyzes the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker through a dedicated diagnostic sensor and detects abnormalities by measuring the operating speed, voltage, current, etc., of the circuit breaker.

[0052] In addition, the control unit executes opening and closing commands for circuit breakers and disconnectors, and controls the operation of the GIS by executing commands transmitted from SCADA or a higher-level control system.

[0053] Circuit breakers perform the function of interrupting power flow according to commands from the control unit and protect the power system in the event of an accident. Disconnectors support the safe execution of maintenance and operations by completely isolating the circuit.

[0054] In addition, in the embodiment, the integrated sensor collects status data of circuit breakers and disconnectors in real time, and the sensor module transmits the data collected from the sensor to the IED. In the embodiment, the master panel controls the circuit breakers and disconnectors of Bay #1 through the main controller, and the slave panel controls the circuit breakers and disconnectors of Bay #2 through the sub-controller. Each controller monitors the status of the circuit breakers and disconnectors in real time through the integrated IED and executes commands from the SCADA system when necessary. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the diagnostic sensor and the integrated sensor detect the operating status of the circuit breakers to optimize fault prevention and maintenance plans. Additionally, in the embodiment, the sensor module processes the data and transmits it to the controller, thereby enabling the system to operate in an automated manner. Through this, the GIS system according to the embodiment can enhance fault detection and predictive maintenance (PdM), and perform remote control and real-time monitoring in conjunction with the SCADA system. In particular, the reliability and stability of the power grid can be maximized through intelligent diagnostic and control functions utilizing the integrated IED.

[0055] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the communication structure between the SMART MPU, the SCADA system, and the main and sub devices according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4, the system of the insulated switchgear according to the embodiment can be designed based on a ring topology. A ring topology is a structure in which nodes within a network (e.g., main, sub, MPU, etc.) are connected to each other in a circular structure, allowing communication to continue through an alternative path even if a communication failure occurs at a specific node. In a ring topology structure, since each device has a bidirectional data path, communication in the opposite direction is possible even if a failure occurs in one path. This improves the reliability and stability of the system. Referring to FIG. 3, the SCADA system communicates directly with the SMART MPU, monitors the status of the GIS device, and transmits control commands. The SMART MPU is connected to the main and sub devices, through which it collects data within the GIS and transmits the collected data to the SCADA. In addition, it transmits control commands received from the SCADA to the main and sub devices to enable the operation of the GIS. As illustrated in FIG. 3, all main and sub devices are interconnected and configured in a circular structure (ring shape). Therefore, in this embodiment, even if a specific sub or main controller loses direct communication with the SMART MPU, communication with the SMART MPU can be continued via another device through an alternative path. For example, even if a sub device loses its direct connection to the SMART MPU, data can be transmitted through another sub or main controller. In this embodiment, a ring topology is used to ensure that communication continues through an opposite path even if a specific node (main or sub) fails. Furthermore, it ensures that the network is not completely disconnected and that GIS operations are not interrupted.In addition, since data flows bidirectionally in the ring topology, communication between SCADA and SMART MPU can be maintained more stably. Furthermore, it allows for easy expansion without the need to significantly alter the existing network when adding new sub-devices.

[0056] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of individual bays in a Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) according to an embodiment. In the embodiment, each bay is responsible for a specific part of the power grid and includes a circuit breaker and a disconnector. Referring to FIG. 4, each bay consists of a circuit breaker and at least one disconnector. A circuit breaker is a device that protects the power grid in the event of an overload or accident by interrupting the current. A disconnector is a device that completely separates the circuit to allow maintenance and work to be performed safely. In the embodiment, the number of disconnectors may vary depending on the bay; in the figure above, Bay #1 includes one disconnector, and Bay #2 includes two disconnectors.

[0057] In the embodiments, the sub-controller and the main controller perform control and monitoring functions for the circuit breaker and the disconnect switch. Additionally, the sub-controller placed in each bay may include two main modules, a diagnostic unit and a control unit. As used herein, the term "unit" should be interpreted as including software, hardware, or a combination thereof, depending on the context in which the term is used. For example, software may be machine language, firmware, embedded code, and application software. As another example, hardware may be a circuit, processor, computer, integrated circuit, integrated circuit core, sensor, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System), passive device, or a combination thereof.

[0058] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit collects and analyzes status data of circuit breakers and disconnectors. In addition, it diagnoses the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker to detect abnormalities and monitors the open / closed status of the disconnector to ensure normal operation.

[0059] In addition, the control unit executes opening and closing commands for circuit breakers and disconnectors. It performs control commands transmitted from SCADA or a higher-level system (SMART MPU). In the embodiment, the control unit performs protection operations under specific conditions to maintain the stability of the power grid.

[0060] In the embodiment, the sub-controller monitors the status of circuit breakers and disconnectors within each bay and generates control signals based on this. The main controller (or a higher-level system, e.g., SMART MPU) manages multiple bays in an integrated manner and operates the entire system in conjunction with SCADA. Additionally, in the embodiment, the SCADA system monitors the status of all circuit breakers and disconnectors of the GIS in real time from a central location and enables remote operation under certain conditions.

[0061] Referring to Fig. 5, each GIS bay is capable of independent circuit breaker and disconnect switch operation, and performs control and monitoring through sub and main controllers. This enables improved reliability and operational efficiency of the power grid.

[0062] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) with an integrated artificial intelligence-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function according to an embodiment.

[0063] Referring to FIG. 6, the system may be configured to include a dedicated sensor, an integrated sensor, a circuit breaker, a disconnect switch, a sensor module, and an integrated IED. In the embodiment, the integrated IED may be configured to include a diagnostic unit and a control unit. In the embodiment, the disconnect switch operates together with major power equipment such as a transformer and a lightning arrester, and can be diagnosed and controlled through the integrated IED (Intelligent Electronic Device).

[0064] A disconnect switch can be used in conjunction with a circuit breaker to completely insulate (isolate) specific circuits or equipment and prevent voltage from flowing during maintenance and inspection. In the embodiment, the circuit breaker interrupts the current first, and then the disconnect switch insulates the circuit to provide a safe working environment. This allows for the isolation of the faulty section, thereby maintaining the reliability of the entire power grid. Additionally, in the embodiment, it is connected to an integrated IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) to detect leakage current, partial discharge, and poor contact through AI-based fault diagnosis and remote monitoring, enabling the application of Predictive Maintenance (PdM). In the embodiment, the disconnect switch (DS) is positioned together with a transformer and a lightning arrester, and completely insulates the circuit after the circuit breaker operates.

[0065] The disconnect switch is connected to the integrated IED to exchange diagnostic and control signals, and the circuit breaker (CB) interrupts the load current and fault current. In the embodiment, the circuit breaker interrupts the circuit first, and then the disconnect switch opens to maintain a state of complete insulation.

[0066] In the embodiment, the sensor module acts as a sensor system that detects the operation of the circuit breaker and performs real-time status monitoring in conjunction with the disconnect switch. In the embodiment, when a fault occurs, data is transmitted to the IED to perform an automated maintenance process.

[0067] In the embodiments, the integrated Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) may be configured to include a diagnostic unit and an IED unit. The integrated IED collects and analyzes data from disconnectors, circuit breakers, and other power equipment, and monitors partial discharge, leakage current, contact status, etc., to enable fault prediction and preventive maintenance. In addition, it supports remote control and real-time monitoring by linking with a SCADA or cloud system.

[0068] In the embodiment, when the circuit breaker first detects a fault and cuts off the current, the disconnect switch operates to insulate (isolate) the circuit, thereby ensuring maintenance safety. In addition,

[0069] The sensor module monitors the status of circuit breakers and disconnectors, enabling the integrated IED to analyze the data and determine whether a fault has occurred. Additionally, it can transmit data to SCADA and remote systems to perform real-time monitoring.

[0070] The AI-based gas-insulated switchgear according to the embodiment unifies the configuration, which was previously separated into diagnostic and control sensors, into a single integrated sensor. In the embodiment, the same monitoring data from the conventional diagnostic and control sensors is collected through the integrated sensor. For example, the integrated sensor collects monitoring data such as temperature data, gas pressure and density, current and voltage, humidity, number of switching cycles and time, insulation resistance, and vibration and shock sensor data. Subsequently, the monitoring data collected by the integrated sensor is transmitted to the integrated IED via a communication line and input to the diagnostic and control units of the integrated IED. In the embodiment, the diagnostic and control units, respectively, perform diagnostic and control operations of the gas-insulated switchgear, including the circuit breaker, using the monitoring data collected from the integrated sensor. In the embodiment, communication between the integrated sensor, the circuit breaker, and the integrated IED may utilize wired lines. Additionally, in the embodiment, data not monitored by the integrated sensor may be collected through a dedicated diagnostic sensor. In the embodiment, the dedicated diagnostic sensor may include a circuit breaker operation circuit diagnostic sensor, a dedicated control sensor, etc.

[0071] In the embodiment, the circuit breaker protects the circuit and prevents failures in the gas-insulated switchgear (hereinafter referred to as GIS). Specifically, it performs the following functions. In the GIS, the circuit breaker protects the power system and equipment by rapidly interrupting the current when a failure (e.g., a short circuit or overload) occurs. This prevents accidents that may occur in the power grid and allows the faulty area to be isolated. Additionally, the circuit breaker rapidly isolates the faulty section, enabling the rest of the power system to operate normally. This ensures that power supply to other areas continues and allows for safe maintenance work to be performed on the affected area. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the GIS enhances the safety of the circuit breaker by using sealed SF6 or an eco-friendly gas as an insulating medium. The circuit breaker is designed to prevent arc generation when interrupting a circuit carrying high-voltage current, and the SF6 or eco-friendly gas effectively extinguishes this arc, minimizing the risk caused by the arc. Additionally, in the embodiment, the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is a system that insulates the power switchgear using a gas (SF6 or an eco-friendly gas) with excellent insulation performance. Compared to conventional air-insulated switchgear (AIS), it can safely insulate high voltages in a smaller space, making it widely used in substations and large-scale power systems.

[0072] In the embodiment, the circuit breaker of the GIS is capable of high-speed interruption, allowing for the rapid resolution of serious failures, such as short-circuit accidents in the power system. Additionally, the GIS circuit breaker is protected from the external environment due to its sealed structure and allows for space saving compared to a standard circuit breaker. Furthermore, in the embodiment, a sensor module is connected to the circuit breaker and monitors its status. In the embodiment, the sensor module collects monitoring data from the circuit breaker from various sensors, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and current, and monitors the status of the GIS through the processing of the collected data. Additionally, the sensor module converts the collected analog signals into digital signals and transmits them to the integrated IED, or transmits the signal directly to the circuit breaker if necessary. This enables real-time monitoring and control. The data obtained from the sensor module is utilized as important information to determine whether the circuit breaker operates. In the embodiment, measures such as activating the circuit breaker can be taken if the gas pressure is low or the temperature is abnormally high. Moreover, the sensor module interacts with the integrated IED to transmit real-time data, and the integrated IED performs control and status monitoring of the GIS based on this data.

[0073] Information collected from the sensor module is transmitted to the integrated IED via an information collection communication line, and in the embodiment, the integrated IED controls and monitors the circuit breaker, and analyzes and diagnoses the status of the circuit breaker based on the monitoring results.

[0074] The integrated IED collects monitoring data, including circuit breaker status, current, and voltage, through information collection communication lines, and controls the circuit breaker in real time based on the analysis results of the monitoring data.

[0075] An Integrated Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is a smart device that performs control and protection functions by collecting, processing, and analyzing various electrical data in a power system. In high-voltage power facilities such as Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS), the Integrated IED collects various monitoring data, such as current, voltage, temperature, and gas pressure, in real time to monitor the status of the GIS system and determine the system's condition in real time.

[0076] In addition, the integrated IED detects fault conditions (e.g., short circuit, overcurrent) and immediately transmits this information to the circuit breaker to interrupt the circuit. This allows for the rapid isolation of the faulty area, thereby ensuring the safety of the entire system. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the integrated IED analyzes the status of the equipment based on accumulated data and predicts areas requiring maintenance or expected to fail. This enables preventive maintenance and can increase the stability and lifespan of the power equipment. Additionally, the integrated IED communicates with a higher-level system (e.g., SCADA system) to transmit data and status information. This enables remote monitoring and control, allowing the status of the GIS to be checked and measures taken from a central location. Moreover, in the embodiment, the integrated IED records critical events (e.g., occurrence of a fault, operation of a circuit breaker) so that they can be utilized for future analysis.

[0077] In the embodiment, a gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic functions and smart input / output functions is composed of a plurality of bays, and among the plurality of bays, the first bay includes a circuit breaker and a sensor module, and the second bay may include an integrated IED. A gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is generally composed of multiple bays, and each bay is composed of equipment that performs a specific function. The gas-insulated switchgear according to the embodiment includes a circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and a smart input / output function to save space in high-voltage power facilities and to ensure the safety of the power system in the event of a fault. Input / Output Function In this integrated form, the configuration is separated according to each bay.

[0078] In the embodiment, monitoring and control of the entire system are optimized through smart input / output functions that enable the sensor module and the integrated IED to communicate with various sensors and control equipment. Additionally, in the embodiment, data collected from circuit breakers and sensors is transmitted to the IED through the input / output functions, and a signal to control the operation of the circuit breaker is output when necessary. This increases the level of system automation and enables the system to be managed in real-time according to the situation without human intervention.

[0079] In addition, in the embodiment, by separating the first bay and the second bay, each bay can perform its function independently, thereby enabling the configuration of a modular system that facilitates maintenance and expansion. For example, if a problem occurs with a circuit breaker or a sensor module, only the first bay can be inspected or replaced, while the integrated IED can continue to monitor the system while maintaining communication with other bays. In the embodiment, the system can be operated more flexibly and efficiently through a configuration of multiple bays, and the scope of impact in the event of a failure can be minimized.

[0080] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit of the integrated IED analyzes monitoring data of the circuit breaker and diagnoses the circuit breaker based on the analysis results. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit identifies the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker, detects abnormal values ​​that deviate from the normal operating range, and diagnoses the state of the circuit breaker based on the abnormal value detection results. Subsequently, the state of the circuit breaker is determined based on the diagnosis results. In the embodiment, the state of the circuit breaker can be determined as one of a normal state, a warning state, or a state requiring maintenance.

[0081] To this end, the diagnostic unit collects monitoring data related to the operation of the circuit breaker. In the embodiment, the monitoring data may include temperature, current, pressure, switching time, and the occurrence of arc. The collected monitoring data is analyzed in real time to identify the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker and is compared with a previously set normal range. Subsequently, the diagnostic unit compares the circuit breaker operating characteristic data with the normal operating range. The normal operating range refers to a reference value pre-set according to the specifications of the circuit breaker. For example, if the switching speed of the circuit breaker exceeds a specific time range or the current exceeds a specific limit, it is detected as an abnormal value. Subsequently, if an abnormal value is detected, the diagnostic unit evaluates the impact of the value on the performance or safety of the circuit breaker, and determines the state of the circuit breaker based on the degree and frequency of the abnormal value.

[0082] In the embodiment, the criteria for determining the circuit breaker status are pre-set, and the circuit breaker status may include a normal state, a warning state, a state requiring maintenance, etc. The normal state is a state in which the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker are within a set normal range and no abnormal values ​​are detected. In this case, the circuit breaker is operating normally and no additional measures are required. The warning state is a case in which the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker deviate from the normal range, but abnormal data below a certain level is detected that does not immediately have a significant impact on the circuit breaker's function. The warning state is a state requiring caution because there is a high probability of a problem occurring. Accordingly, continuous monitoring is required in the warning state, and if the deviation between the monitoring data and the normal range exceeds a certain level, a maintenance plan is generated.

[0083] A maintenance-required condition is defined as a state where the operating characteristics of a circuit breaker deviate significantly from the normal range or repeated abnormal readings are detected, indicating an immediate risk to the breaker's performance or safety. Since there is a high probability of breaker failure in a maintenance-required state, prompt maintenance or replacement is necessary.

[0084] The diagnostic unit can send notifications or display warnings depending on the determined status. In the case of a "warning state," it prepares preemptive measures and intensifies monitoring, and in the case of a "maintenance required state," it plans and executes circuit breaker maintenance work.

[0085] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit can determine the state of the circuit breaker based on at least one monitoring result among the wear condition of internal components of the circuit breaker, electrical instability, abnormal high temperature, and possibility of failure.

[0086] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit evaluates the degree of wear by considering the usage frequency and lifespan of key internal components (e.g., contact parts, insulation parts, etc.) of the circuit breaker. Additionally, in the embodiment, the wear state can be estimated through the number of times the circuit breaker is opened and closed or changes in the resistance of the contact parts. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit sets an allowable wear criterion for each component and determines how much the wear state has progressed by comparing the collected data with the reference value. Subsequently, if the wear state is within the criterion and there is no problem with the operation of the circuit breaker, it is determined to be in a normal state; if wear is progressing but there is no problem temporarily, but maintenance may be required soon, it is determined to be in a warning state. Furthermore, if the wear exceeds a certain level and the probability of a risk to the circuit breaker function exceeds a certain percentage, it is determined to be in a state requiring maintenance.

[0087] In addition, the diagnostic unit evaluates electrical instability by detecting whether current or voltage fluctuations deviate from the normal range. This is a process of determining whether the electrical characteristics necessary for the normal operation of the circuit breaker are changing.

[0088] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit collects data such as periodic current / voltage fluctuations and sets an alert when instability occurs. Additionally, the diagnostic unit monitors the current / voltage fluctuation data and determines a normal state if the current and voltage remain stable within a set normal range. Furthermore, if instability occurs intermittently but does not immediately affect the circuit breaker performance, it determines a warning state. Additionally, if instability persists for a certain period of time or if an abnormality in current / voltage exceeding a certain level is detected, posing a risk to the circuit breaker performance, it determines a state requiring maintenance.

[0089] In addition, the diagnostic unit detects cases where the internal temperature of the circuit breaker exceeds a set safety range and evaluates the overheating condition that may occur in the circuit breaker. To this end, it monitors the internal temperature of the circuit breaker in real time through a temperature sensor and issues a warning if it exceeds a specific temperature threshold. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit determines a normal state when the temperature is within the set safety range, and determines a warning state when the temperature temporarily exceeds the safety range but the time of exceeding the safety range is less than a certain period, and performs additional monitoring. Furthermore, if the temperature continuously exceeds the safety range at a certain frequency and for a certain period, or if there is a high possibility of damage to internal components or insulation materials of the circuit breaker, it determines a state requiring maintenance.

[0090] In addition, the diagnostic unit analyzes failure patterns based on the circuit breaker's historical data and evaluates the probability of a failure occurring. In the embodiment, a failure prediction model can be applied by analyzing the frequency of abnormal signal occurrences, wear conditions, temperature rise, etc. In the embodiment, the prediction of failure probability can be executed through a data analysis algorithm, and a maintenance work plan can be generated in advance if a failure is imminent. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit determines the state to be normal if the predicted failure probability is low, below a certain level, and it is determined that there is no problem with the circuit breaker's performance. Additionally, if the failure probability falls within a certain range and does not pose an immediate danger, it determines the state to be a warning state and indicates that continuous monitoring and preventive measures are required. Furthermore, if the failure probability exceeds a certain level, the diagnostic unit may determine the state to be in a maintenance-required state.

[0091] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit determines the final status of the circuit breaker by comprehensively evaluating the monitoring results regarding the wear status of the internal components of the circuit breaker, electrical instability, abnormal high temperature, and the possibility of failure. To this end, the diagnostic unit sets scores corresponding to "normal state," "warning state," and "maintenance required state" for each element. In the embodiment, a score less than the first score may be set for the normal state, an intermediate score between the first score and the second score for the warning state, and a high score exceeding the second score for the maintenance required state. Subsequently, weights are assigned to the wear status of the internal components, electrical instability, abnormal high temperature, and the possibility of failure, respectively; the assigned weights are applied to calculate the score for each element; and the scores of all elements are summed to calculate the total score (status score).

[0092] Subsequently, the diagnostic unit evaluates the total score based on predefined status determination criteria to finally determine the status of the circuit breaker. In the embodiment, normal state: This is when the total score is below a specific standard. The finally determined normal state means that all elements are within the normal range and there are no problems with the circuit breaker's performance.

[0093] In the embodiments, when the total score is between the normal state and the maintenance required state, it signifies a condition where minor issues have occurred in some elements but do not seriously affect the circuit breaker performance. The maintenance required state is when the total score exceeds the warning state, meaning that a major problem has occurred with the circuit breaker performance or there is a high probability of failure, requiring immediate maintenance.

[0094] In the embodiment, if a specific element is determined to be in a "maintenance required state," the entire state can be set to a "maintenance required state" regardless of the total score. For example, if there is a high probability of failure, immediate maintenance may be required even if other elements are within the normal range.

[0095] Subsequently, the diagnostic unit determines the final state based on the overall score and priority assessment. It is the Normal State when all elements correspond to a Normal or minor warning state and require no maintenance. It is the Warning State when some elements are in a warning state and the status score corresponds to a warning level; this is a state that requires continuous monitoring although it does not immediately have a significant impact on the circuit breaker's performance. It is the Maintenance Required State when a serious problem has occurred in a specific element or the overall score is determined to be in a state requiring maintenance, requiring immediate maintenance.

[0096] Subsequently, the diagnostic unit stores the circuit breaker status information based on the determined final state and sends warning notifications or plans maintenance schedules if necessary. For example, if the state is "Warning," the diagnostic unit sets a short diagnostic cycle to continuously monitor the status, and if the state is "Maintenance Required," it promptly performs circuit breaker inspection and maintenance. If one or more elements are determined to be in a "Maintenance Required" state, the status of all circuit breakers is set to "Maintenance Required."

[0097] In addition, the diagnostic unit learns specific patterns in the circuit breaker's monitoring data through an intelligent algorithm, compares the learned patterns with monitoring data collected over a certain period, and predicts or detects abnormal conditions early based on the comparison results.

[0098] To this end, the diagnostic unit continuously collects various monitoring data, such as temperature, current, voltage, gas pressure, and switching frequency, from multiple sensors of the circuit breaker. Subsequently, the collected data is refined and outliers are removed to transform it into a form suitable for learning and analysis. Additionally, reflecting the time-series characteristics of the data, it is sorted in chronological order, and normalization or standardization processes are performed if necessary. Afterward, data patterns are learned based on previous normal and failure case data. Various machine learning or deep learning models (e.g., LSTM, RNN, CNN, Autoencoder, etc.) can be used for this purpose. Time-series models including LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) are useful for understanding long-term changes by learning the temporal variation patterns of circuit breaker data, while Autoencoders can detect abnormal patterns by learning data in normal states and recognize an abnormal state when new data deviates from the normal range. Finally, the diagnostic unit enables the model to learn key features that may affect circuit breaker diagnosis (e.g., temperature surges, current instability, changes in switching speed, etc.) to more clearly recognize patterns associated with abnormal states. Subsequently, the diagnostic unit compares real-time monitoring data collected over a certain period with learned normal patterns. If the data deviates from the learned normal patterns, the possibility of an abnormal state is detected. In the embodiment, the intelligent algorithm can detect an anomaly when real-time data exhibits abnormal changes based on the learned normal patterns. For example, it automatically detects when the rate of temperature rise is rapid or current fluctuations are abnormal. Subsequently, the intelligent algorithm detects changes in specific patterns (e.g., temperature rise, wear progression, electrical instability, etc.) and predicts the likelihood of future abnormal states by comparing them with past patterns.Furthermore, the intelligent algorithm sends an early warning when abnormal changes deviating from learned normal patterns are detected, enabling preventive measures to be taken before a failure occurs. For example, if a pattern of gradual temperature increase is observed, it can predict the possibility of a high-temperature condition and send a warning. Additionally, if current fluctuations occur repeatedly, it predicts electrical instability and plans maintenance early. In the embodiment, if the predicted abnormal condition falls below a certain level, the intelligent algorithm draws attention through a warning notification, and if immediate action is required, it sets the status to "Maintenance Required" to request a rapid inspection. Moreover, the intelligent algorithm feeds back the results of actions taken in the actual field as training data to ensure the algorithm is continuously improved. This enhances prediction accuracy over time.

[0099] In addition, the diagnostic unit analyzes the wear status of specific components, electrical instability, and abnormal high temperatures in real time using collected monitoring data, and predicts the likelihood of future maintenance requirements. To this end, the diagnostic unit collects various monitoring data in real time, such as temperature, voltage, current, switching frequency, and gas pressure, through sensors within the circuit breaker. Subsequently, noise is removed from the collected data, and the data format is consistently refined to convert it into a form suitable for analysis. Missing value processing and outlier filtering can be performed at this stage.

[0100] Subsequently, the diagnostic unit evaluates the wear condition of the contact part through the number of opening and closing cycles and changes in contact resistance. In addition, it estimates the degree of wear progression by comparing the average lifespan information according to the manufacturer's specifications of the part with actual usage data. Furthermore, it evaluates electrical instability by analyzing the fluctuation range and frequency of current and voltage. It determines that the likelihood of instability increases if current / voltage changes exceeding the set normal range persist. In the embodiment, abnormal high temperature phenomena are detected through temperature sensor data, and the possibility of overheating is evaluated by analyzing the rate of temperature rise.

[0101] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit implements a prediction model that learns patterns of component wear, electrical instability, and abnormal high temperatures based on the circuit breaker's historical data. To this end, the diagnostic unit uses regression models and time-series prediction models (LSTM, RNN, etc.) to learn the temporal flow of the data and predict future states. Additionally, unsupervised learning models, such as autoencoders, are primarily utilized as a model to distinguish between abnormal phenomena and normal states.

[0102] In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit predicts the likelihood of an anomaly by analyzing whether real-time data deviates from learned normal patterns through an algorithm. For example, it determines that electrical instability may increase if current fluctuation patterns repeat beyond a certain level. Subsequently, the algorithm calculates a prediction score based on each state indicator (wear, instability, temperature, etc.). The prediction score is a value that quantitatively represents the likelihood of future maintenance being required. In the embodiment, if the wear condition or temperature rise exceeds a specific threshold, the diagnostic unit determines that future maintenance is required. For example, if there is a high probability that the wear condition of a contact part will exceed a certain lifespan, it provides a warning that inspection or replacement is necessary. Additionally, if the diagnostic unit determines, based on the analysis results, that a state with a high probability of requiring maintenance is determined, it sends a "Maintenance Required" notification to allow preparation for maintenance work at an appropriate time. Furthermore, the diagnostic unit collects state data after maintenance to check the accuracy of the prediction model and continuously updates the training data.

[0103] In addition, the diagnostic unit improves the accuracy of the diagnostic algorithm by utilizing failure history and maintenance data, and calculates the expected lifespan of the circuit breaker through history analysis.

[0104] To this end, the diagnostic unit records past failure cases of the circuit breaker (e.g., failures caused by electrical instability, temperature rise, or component wear) in a database and stores detailed information such as the cause, time, and condition of each component. Subsequently, it collects past maintenance records and manages them to include information on which components were replaced or inspected and when, as well as changes in the circuit breaker's performance after maintenance. Afterward, the diagnostic unit performs a data standardization process to enhance the consistency of failure and maintenance data. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit identifies major causes affecting circuit breaker failures (e.g., wear of specific components, temperature changes, electrical instability, etc.) through failure history data and analyzes abnormal signs or patterns that appear before a failure occurs. Subsequently, it uses machine learning or deep learning models to learn patterns obtained from the failure history and improves a diagnostic algorithm that predicts the likelihood of failure. For example, threshold values ​​such as temperature, voltage, and number of switching operations related to past failures are adjusted to enable early detection of failure signs.

[0105] In addition, the diagnostic unit verifies the performance of the fault prediction algorithm, checks prediction accuracy through fault history, corrects incorrect predictions, and gradually improves performance.

[0106] Furthermore, the diagnostic unit constructs a lifespan prediction model by learning component usage patterns and state change data based on failure history and maintenance data. The lifespan prediction model enables the calculation of the expected lifespan of individual circuit breaker components and the entire system. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit analyzes data related to the wear of specific components to calculate the expected period during which each component can operate without failure. For instance, the diagnostic unit analyzes key stress factors affecting circuit breaker performance, such as temperature, voltage, and switching frequency, through the lifespan prediction model to model the impact of stress on lifespan. Additionally, it calculates the predicted lifespan by simulating the circuit breaker's usage patterns under various conditions. For instance, it can evaluate how much operation in a high-temperature environment shortens the circuit breaker's expected lifespan. Moreover, the diagnostic unit calculates the overall expected lifespan of the circuit breaker by aggregating the expected lifespans of each component. Through this, it is possible to predict when component replacement or maintenance will be required.

[0107] Subsequently, the diagnostic unit plans the maintenance schedule in advance using the expected lifespan data. Maintenance planning based on the expected lifespan enables preventive maintenance before a failure occurs and helps reduce maintenance costs. In the embodiment, after the lifespan is calculated, the maintenance schedule can be dynamically adjusted by re-evaluating the lifespan when the state changes by reflecting real-time monitoring data of the circuit breaker.

[0108] In addition, in the embodiment, real-time data is transmitted and received with an external device through a smart I / O function integrated with the diagnostic unit, and circuit breaker control commands are automatically executed. In the embodiment, based on the data integration of the smart I / O, the diagnostic and control functions enable efficient monitoring and remote management.

[0109] In the embodiment, a smart I / O module is integrated into the diagnostic unit to support seamless data communication with external devices. In the embodiment, data can be input and output through I / O ports. In the embodiment, the smart I / O module supports various industrial communication protocols, such as Modbus and DNP3.0, enabling real-time data transmission and reception with external devices. The protocol according to the embodiment enhances the reliability of data transmission in power facilities. Additionally, in the embodiment, status information or control commands transmitted from external devices (e.g., SCADA systems, upper monitoring devices) are received through the smart I / O module and transmitted to the diagnostic unit. For example, the upper device may transmit a request to check the status of a circuit breaker or a command to set specific parameters.

[0110] In addition, in the embodiment, the diagnostic unit transmits monitoring data related to the status of the circuit breaker to an external device in real time via smart I / O. In the embodiment, the monitoring data includes current, voltage, temperature, number of switching operations, diagnostic status, etc., which allows the upper system to monitor the status of the circuit breaker in real time.

[0111] In addition, in the embodiment, the diagnostic unit transmits control commands sent from an external device (e.g., circuit breaker opening / closing commands, component status check commands, etc.) to the diagnostic unit via smart I / O. After verifying the type and conditions of the command, the diagnostic unit determines the control operation required for the circuit breaker. Furthermore, when a specific control command is received, the diagnostic unit directly transmits the command to the circuit breaker to automatically execute the opening / closing operation. For example, if an immediate tripping command is transmitted in the event of a fault, the diagnostic unit sends a signal to the circuit breaker to interrupt the circuit.

[0112] In addition, in the embodiment, the I / O module supports condition-based automation functions and can be configured to automatically execute control commands when a specific state or condition is met. For example, if the circuit breaker temperature exceeds a specific threshold, a rule can be set to automatically send a warning signal to an external device or perform a tripping action, and the module can operate according to the set rule. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the I / O module processes commands without delay and responds in real time so that commands received from an external device can be executed immediately.

[0113] For example, the diagnostic unit configures an interrupt so that it can immediately process a signal received from an external device. This allows other tasks to be suspended and the command to be processed immediately whenever an interrupt occurs upon receiving a command, thereby minimizing delay and enhancing real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a DMA controller may be used to minimize the intervention of other devices when the I / O module exchanges data with an external device. Since DMA directly reads or writes data to memory, it waits only until the command is completed and can perform other tasks. Furthermore, in the embodiment, commands received from the I / O module are stored in a buffer and processed sequentially when the diagnostic unit is able to handle them. The buffer stores data in order when multiple commands arrive simultaneously and processes commands in a specific order through a queue structure.

[0114] In addition, in the embodiment, the diagnostic unit may use a polling method to check the status of the I / O module at specific intervals. However, in real-time processing, the polling period is set to be as short as possible to reduce latency. Furthermore, the diagnostic unit periodically checks the I / O status even while performing other tasks, thereby processing commands immediately upon arrival. Additionally, in the embodiment, the diagnostic unit is configured to process specific commands according to priority when they arrive. For example, under specific conditions, the priority of an I / O command is increased to interrupt other tasks and process the command immediately. For instance, when a command arrives, the diagnostic unit stores it in a queue according to priority, ensuring that commands with higher priority are processed first. The priority queue automatically sorts commands by priority, allowing commands with higher priority to be retrieved and processed first. Furthermore, priority is assigned in task scheduling, enabling the task scheduler in real-time operating systems or embedded systems to manage the priority of each task. For instance, when a specific command arrives, a high priority is assigned to the corresponding task, and it is configured to be processed preferentially according to the assigned priority. This method works by pausing low-priority tasks until high-priority tasks are completed, and then executing high-priority tasks first.

[0115] In addition, in the embodiment, when the gas-insulated switchgear supports pre-emption, if a high-priority command is received, the currently ongoing operation is paused and the high-priority command is processed immediately. For example, if a high-priority emergency command is received by the diagnostic unit, the currently executing task is stopped via pre-emption and the emergency command is processed. In the embodiment, the emergency command may include a circuit breaker operation command upon detection of overcurrent or overload, a tripping command upon detection of a short circuit, a power cutoff command upon detection of excessive temperature, a protection operation command upon detection of abnormal voltage, a notification and tripping command upon detection of an internal circuit breaker fault, and an emergency tripping command based on an external safety signal.

[0116] In addition, in the embodiment, when an external command is received through a specific interrupt, a priority is set for each interrupt so that if a higher priority interrupt occurs, other tasks are stopped and the corresponding command is processed first. For example, if an emergency signal is detected in the diagnostic unit, a high-priority interrupt is set for the signal to process it quickly.

[0117] In addition, if processing of a command is required within a specified time, the diagnostic unit can monitor the processing time of a specific command and, if processing is not completed within the specified time, increase its priority to ensure immediate processing. This enables the meeting of real-time requirements.

[0118] In addition, the diagnostic unit can perform multi-stage response when an abnormal state occurs. For example, it divides abnormalities into minor abnormalities where the deviation between monitoring data and normal data is less than a certain level, moderate abnormalities where the deviation is within a certain range, and severe abnormalities where the deviation exceeds a certain level, and performs different measures pre-set for each stage. In the embodiment, the diagnostic unit can switch control modes or adjust blocking operations in stages according to the degree of deterioration of the condition through a multi-stage diagnostic system.

[0119] Specifically, the diagnostic unit performs a warning mode in the case of minor abnormalities. In the embodiment, if a minor abnormality is detected where the deviation between the monitoring data and the normal range data is below a certain level, the circuit breaker does not perform a tripping action because it does not significantly affect the operation of the entire system. Instead, it records a warning in the system log or sends a notification to the operator indicating that a minor abnormality has occurred. This step involves strengthening real-time monitoring to keep an eye on whether the abnormality worsens.

[0120] Additionally, the diagnostic unit executes a limiting mode when the deviation falls within a certain intermediate level or higher. In the embodiment, when the abnormal condition reaches an intermediate level, the diagnostic unit switches to a control mode in which the circuit breaker limits the load to a certain level, as there is a possibility of it having a slight impact on the system. For example, the impact on the overall system can be minimized by reducing or blocking some non-essential loads. Furthermore, in limiting mode, the diagnostic unit notifies the operator that a more detailed inspection is required and continuously tracks the abnormal situation by performing detailed real-time monitoring. This enables a rapid response to the next step if the situation does not improve.

[0121] In addition, the diagnostic unit applies an emergency protection mode in the event of a severe anomaly where the deviation between the monitoring data and the normal range data exceeds a certain level.

[0122] In the embodiments, the emergency protection mode may include an emergency cutoff mode, an emergency notification, and an automatic diagnosis mode. The emergency cutoff mode is a mode set when the deviation increases to a severe level, causing equipment damage or safety risks, and the circuit breaker switches to an emergency protection mode that immediately cuts off the power. In this stage, the entire circuit, including critical loads, is cut off to protect safety as the top priority. Emergency notification and automatic diagnosis modeThis is a mode that immediately notifies the operator of an emergency situation and automatically diagnoses various conditions inside the circuit breaker to check the cause of the failure and whether there is additional damage.

[0123] Additionally, in the embodiment, the diagnostic unit may apply the recovery mode after applying the emergency protection mode. In the embodiment, the recovery mode includes a pre-system restart inspection mode, and the diagnostic unit switches to the recovery mode once the state is stabilized through the inspection mode. The inspection mode is a process of verifying whether the system has returned to a normal state before the circuit breaker is restarted; it transmits a signal to the operator indicating that a safe restart is possible and, if necessary, can guide the operator through the procedures for the restart preparation steps.

[0124] The control unit controls the circuit breaker according to the diagnosis result of the circuit breaker. In the embodiment, the control unit selects one of a plurality of control modes for the circuit breaker according to the diagnosis result of the circuit breaker and applies the selected control mode.

[0125] The control unit collects the diagnostic results of the circuit breaker in real time and analyzes its status. The diagnostic results include information reflecting the state of the circuit breaker and are classified into "normal state," "warning state," "maintenance required state," etc. Subsequently, based on the diagnostic results, the operating characteristics and failure probability of the circuit breaker are evaluated, and the necessary control mode is determined. In the embodiment, the control unit possesses several predefined control modes for circuit breaker control, and each control mode sets the method of operation of the circuit breaker differently depending on the situation. In the embodiment, the control modes may include a normal mode, a warning mode, a maintenance mode, an emergency mode, etc.

[0126] In the embodiment, the normal mode is the basic operating mode when the circuit breaker is in a normal state, and it performs general switching operations. The warning mode is applied when a minor anomaly is detected, and it is designed to reduce the burden on the circuit breaker by adjusting the switching speed or, if necessary, limiting the circuit breaker's operation. The maintenance mode is a control mode that limits or stops the circuit breaker's operation to prevent failures and enable prompt maintenance in the event of a serious problem. The emergency mode is used in emergency situations and protects the circuit by immediately operating the circuit breaker in the event of a failure.

[0127] In the embodiment, the control unit establishes criteria for selecting an appropriate control mode based on the diagnosis result. By pre-defining an optimal control mode for each diagnosis result, rapid and consistent control is enabled. For example, the control unit selects the normal mode based on a "normal state" diagnosis result and the warning mode based on a "warning state" diagnosis result. It selects the maintenance mode based on a "maintenance required" diagnosis result and the emergency mode based on an "emergency situation" diagnosis result.

[0128] In the embodiment, the control unit selects an optimal control mode based on the diagnostic results and applies it to the circuit breaker. For example, the control unit transmits a control signal corresponding to the selected control mode to the circuit breaker to change the operation method of the circuit breaker. Subsequently, it monitors in real time whether the selected control mode has been successfully applied and whether the circuit breaker operates as expected. For example, if a "warning state" is detected and a "warning mode" is selected, the control unit adjusts the opening and closing speed of the circuit breaker or restricts unnecessary operations to reduce the stress applied to the circuit breaker.

[0129] In addition, the control unit continuously monitors the status of the circuit breaker to update or re-select the control mode if the situation changes. If the condition changes from "Warning State" to "Normal State," the control unit switches the control mode to "Normal Mode" to return the circuit breaker to its original operating state. Conversely, if the condition changes from "Warning State" to "Maintenance Required State," the control mode is changed to "Maintenance Mode" to enhance safety.

[0130] In the embodiment, the control unit records the selected control mode and the application results so that they can be referenced for future maintenance and improvement work. In addition, it evaluates the effectiveness of the applied control mode and, if necessary, optimizes the control mode or establishes additional diagnostic and maintenance plans.

[0131] In addition, the control unit displays a warning when the deviation between the monitoring data and normal data is a minor anomaly that is below a certain level, and executes an immediate blocking operation when the deviation exceeds a certain level. Subsequently, based on the analysis results of the deviation and monitoring data, it applies a control mode that blocks after a certain time delay.

[0132] In the embodiment, the control unit calculates the deviation by comparing the real-time monitoring data of the circuit breaker with normal data (e.g., temperature, current, voltage, gas pressure, etc.). Subsequently, it sets a deviation threshold to distinguish between minor and severe abnormalities based on the normal range. This allows for determining the extent of the deviation and deciding on the respective control actions.

[0133] A minor abnormal condition is determined by the control unit to be a warning state when the deviation is below a set threshold and there is no immediate risk to the circuit breaker's performance. A severe abnormal condition is determined to be a case where the deviation exceeds the set threshold and can have a significant impact on the circuit breaker, requiring immediate tripping. A delayed tripping condition is a case where the deviation falls within the intermediate range between minor and severe abnormal conditions; in this state, the tripping operation is executed after a certain time delay.

[0134] If the deviation is determined to be a minor abnormal state below a certain level, the control unit displays a warning signal. This signal indicates that the circuit breaker's status has deviated from the normal range and provides a notification that caution is required. While immediate tripping is not executed in the warning state, monitoring can be intensified to prepare for the possibility of the condition worsening.

[0135] If the deviation exceeds a certain level and is determined to be a serious abnormal condition, the control unit executes an immediate cutoff operation to cut off the current to the circuit breaker and protect the circuit. In the embodiment, the control unit transmits a cutoff signal to the circuit breaker to immediately open and close it, preventing any further power from flowing through the circuit. In addition, in the embodiment, after the immediate cutoff, the system is switched to a safe state, and monitoring is strengthened to check for additional abnormalities.

[0136] In addition, in the embodiment, a delayed trip control mode is applied when the deviation exceeds a certain level but immediate tripping is not required. This mode is applied when it is determined that there is a possibility of the circuit breaker's condition deteriorating, but the immediate risk is low. Furthermore, the control unit waits to operate the circuit breaker after a certain period by applying a preset delay time (e.g., a few seconds or minutes). In addition, in the embodiment, monitoring data is analyzed during the delay time to evaluate whether the condition deteriorates further or recovers to normal. If the condition improves, the delayed tripping can be canceled. Subsequently, if the condition does not improve or the deviation remains within the abnormal range even after the set delay time has elapsed, the IED unit transmits a tripping signal to operate the circuit breaker. In the embodiment, all tripping operations, warning indications, and whether the delayed tripping was executed are recorded and utilized for subsequent analysis. Through this, the performance of the circuit breaker and the control unit can be continuously improved, and deviation criteria or delay times can be adjusted.

[0137] A gas-insulated switchgear integrating the circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and smart I / O function described above immediately reflects diagnostic results in control through real-time data communication between the diagnostic system and the I / O system. By providing rapid feedback, it enables real-time detection and quick response to problems occurring in the circuit breaker, thereby enhancing system stability and improving operational efficiency.

[0138] In addition, in the embodiment, the complex sequence circuit and wiring configuration are simplified through an integrated system, thereby simplifying the installation process and maintenance procedures, which not only reduces initial installation costs but also provides the effect of reducing future maintenance costs due to wiring problems.

[0139] In addition, in the embodiment, the status of the circuit breaker is monitored in real time through a smart input / output function and can be controlled directly via a touch panel, thereby allowing the user to intuitively understand the operating status of the circuit breaker and to control the circuit breaker quickly and accurately through simple operation via the touch panel, thus improving work efficiency.

[0140] In addition, in the embodiment, since diagnostic and control data are managed within an integrated system, data collection and analysis can be performed consistently, allowing for accurate identification of the device's status and performance, thereby enabling the establishment of regular maintenance plans and long-term performance optimization.

[0141] In addition, through the embodiment, monitoring and control functions integrated with real-time data communication enable rapid detection and response to failures or abnormal signs, thereby improving the overall reliability and safety of the system.

[0142] The integrated GIS system according to the embodiment increases operational efficiency and stability, reduces costs required for installation and maintenance, and creates the effect of maximizing system performance and reliability through real-time monitoring and consistent data management.

[0143] The embodiments described above may be implemented as hardware components, software components, and / or combinations of hardware and software components. For example, the devices, methods, and components described in the embodiments may be implemented using one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers, such as, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions. The processing unit may execute an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications executed on said operating system. Additionally, the processing unit may access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to the execution of the software. For ease of understanding, the processing unit may be described as being used as a single unit, but those skilled in the art will understand that the processing unit may include multiple processing elements and / or multiple types of processing elements. For example, the processing unit may include multiple processors or one processor and one controller. Additionally, other processing configurations, such as parallel processors, are also possible.

[0144] The method according to the embodiment may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., either alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be those specifically designed and configured for the embodiment, or they may be those known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes; optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magneto-optical media such as floptical disks; and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. Examples of program instructions include machine code, such as that generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operation of the embodiment, and vice versa.

[0145] Software may include computer programs, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, and may configure a processing unit to operate as desired or command the processing unit independently or collectively. Software and / or data may be permanently or temporarily embodied in any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device, or transmitted signal wave so as to be interpreted by the processing unit or to provide instructions or data to the processing unit. Software may be distributed over networked computer systems and may be stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on one or more computer-readable recording media.

[0146] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to the limited drawings, those skilled in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based on the above. For example, suitable results may be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or if the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or assembled in a form different from described, or replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents.

[0147] Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims set forth below.

[0148] The disclosed content is merely illustrative and can be modified and implemented in various ways by a person skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the claim claimed in the patent claims; therefore, the scope of protection of the disclosed content is not limited to the specific embodiments described above.

Claims

Claim 1 A gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) with an integrated artificial intelligence-based circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function, comprising: a circuit breaker that performs a circuit-breaking operation by opening and closing the circuit of the gas-insulated switchgear; a sensor module that monitors the state of the circuit breaker; and an integrated IED that collects monitoring data of the circuit breaker to perform control and determine the state of the circuit breaker, and diagnoses the state of the circuit breaker according to the analysis result of the monitoring data. A gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and smart input / output function comprises a plurality of bays, wherein a first bay among the plurality of bays includes a circuit breaker and a sensor module, and a second bay includes an integrated IED, wherein the integrated IED collects monitoring data including circuit breaker status, current, and voltage through the information collection communication line, and controls the circuit breaker in real time according to the analysis result of the monitoring data, and the gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and smart input / output function is composed of a plurality of bays, wherein a first bay among the plurality of bays includes a circuit breaker and a sensor module, and a second bay includes an integrated IED, and the integrated IED includes a diagnostic unit that analyzes the monitoring data of the circuit breaker and diagnoses the circuit breaker according to the analysis result, and a control unit that controls the circuit breaker according to the diagnosis result of the circuit breaker;The diagnostic unit identifies the operating characteristics of the circuit breaker, detects abnormal values ​​deviating from the normal operating range, diagnoses the state of the circuit breaker based on the result of the abnormal value detection, and determines the state of the circuit breaker based on the diagnosis result. The diagnostic unit learns specific patterns of the circuit breaker's monitoring data through an intelligent algorithm, compares the learned patterns with monitoring data collected over a certain period of time, and predicts an abnormal state of the circuit breaker or detects an abnormal state early based on the comparison result. The diagnostic unit collects monitoring data in real time, removes noise from the collected data, performs missing value processing and anomaly filtering, evaluates the wear state of the contact part through the number of opening and closing cycles and changes in contact resistance, estimates the degree of wear progression by comparing average lifespan information according to the manufacturer's specifications of the component with actual usage data, and evaluates electrical instability by analyzing the amplitude and frequency of fluctuations in current and voltage. The diagnostic unit implements a prediction model that learns patterns of component wear, electrical instability, and abnormal high temperatures based on the circuit breaker's past data. The diagnostic unit determines that electrical instability increases if the current fluctuation pattern is repeated beyond a certain level, and calculates a prediction score based on each state indicator including wear, instability, and temperature. A gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnostic function and smart input / output function, wherein the diagnostic unit determines the state of the circuit breaker based on at least one monitoring result among the wear condition of internal components of the circuit breaker, electrical instability, abnormal high temperature, and possibility of failure, and the state of the circuit breaker is determined to be one of a normal state, a warning state, or a state requiring maintenance, and the diagnostic unit applies an emergency protection mode when there is a serious abnormality in which the deviation between the monitoring data and the normal range data exceeds a certain level, and applies a recovery mode after applying the emergency protection mode. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 delete Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete Claim 7 delete Claim 8 A gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function, wherein, in claim 1, the control unit selects one of a plurality of controls for a circuit breaker according to the diagnosis result of the circuit breaker and applies the selected control mode. Claim 9 A gas-insulated switchgear with integrated circuit breaker operation characteristic diagnosis function and smart input / output function, wherein the control unit displays a warning when the deviation between monitoring data and normal data is a minor abnormality below a certain level, executes an immediate cutoff operation when the deviation exceeds a certain level, and applies a control option to cut off after a certain time delay based on the analysis results of the deviation and monitoring data.

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