Aerosol fire suppression materials, systems, and implementation methods

Abstract

Fire prevention and suppression devices, materials, systems, and methods of using them are presented. In fire extinguishing applications, aerosol extinguishing agents may be formed into sheets, panels, or other shapes. Such formed aerosol extinguishing agents may be implemented in various ways within products. For example, they may be implemented inside an enclosure containing fire hazards, inside the fire hazard itself, or incorporated into a structure comprising the fire hazard, but are not limited thereto. Once activated, the aerosol fire extinguishing material burns to generate aerosol particles and then releases them directly. The mechanism of action of the aerosol extinguishing agent may be initiated by unintended sparks or heat. Other examples of mechanisms of action include electric initiators, electric manual methods, or mechanical / thermal initiators. Electric initiators receive a signal from an automatic fire detection system.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] This application claims priority of US Ser. No. 17 / 389,539, filed 30 July 2021, the complete contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated herein in their entireties.

[0002] The present invention relates to a fire prevention and suppression device, material, system, and method of use thereof for use in compartments and enclosures, amongst other locations.

[0003] The present invention relates to an aerosol fire extinguishing agent that is simple to install. The extinguishing agent according to the present invention is simple to install, reduces the space required, reduces weight, lowers the price of the extinguishing agent components, and can reduce the cost of installation.

[0004] More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid aerosol fire extinguishing agent partially manufactured in various forms, such as panels or sheets. Such a solid aerosol fire extinguishing agent may (i) be inserted in the void spaces within a hazard, (ii) form the structure or components of the hazard, or (iii) take the form of a coating. Such a solid aerosol fire extinguishing agent may be placed in compartments or enclosures. Thus, the solid aerosol fire extinguishing agent can be installed in compartments or enclosures without a separate housing or container. Background Technology

[0005] In North America, fire classes are typically classified into four categories: A, B, C, and D. Other regions, such as Europe, may adopt a similar approach, though their nomenclature may differ. Class A fires occur when common combustible materials, such as wood or paper, burn. Class B fires result from the combustion of combustible liquids, such as alcohol or gasoline. Class C fires are "electrical fires," but they require some explanation. Electricity itself does not burn but serves as an ignition source. Typical materials that burn include Class A materials and / or Class B materials with electrical insulation properties, such as plastic-based products.

[0006] Class A fires occur in bundles or electrical wires. These fires occur when a burning cable is located in the center of the bundle and when a fire agent is not penetrated deep enough to be necessary. Class B fires occur when plastic melts before it burns.

[0007] There are two scenarios when a fire starts with electricity as the ignition source. First, if the power is cut off automatically or manually, a "deenergized" fire progresses to a Class A or Class B fire, or both. It is important to note that plastics can exhibit both A and B behaviors. Second, if the power is not cut off, an "energized electrical fire" develops. In this case, it is much more difficult to extinguish because the ignition source is still present. Some electrical fires can persist until the power is removed.

[0008] "Energized electrical fires" can be very dangerous because, even if they are not impossible to extinguish, they are difficult. There is also a risk of electric shock.

[0009] As of the time of writing, Underwriters' Laboratories™ has rated available fire extinguishers as Class A, B, C, and / or D depending on the type of fire. Class "C" simply means that the extinguishing agent is generally non-conductive. That is, electricity will not flow back to the operator of the extinguisher through the extinguisher discharge stream. This does not certify the effectiveness of the extinguisher against an energized electrical fire.

[0010] Class D is a combustible metal fire, such as magnesium and very fine aluminum.

[0011] Fire suppression terminology

[0012] Fire Retardant: Flame retardants are used to slow the spread of fire. Flame retardants generally reduce the flammability of fuel. For example, when suppressing wildfires, aircraft drop large quantities of water before the fire progresses. Typically, the water contains chemical additives that make trees and shrubs on the ground less flammable. This slows down the progression of the fire. While dropped water can extinguish a fire if it is targeted directly, the primary mission is suppression. Suppressing a wildfire requires a much larger volume of water, and once the fire spread is halted, the available water can be used more effectively. Generally, fire retardants are used to slow the progression of a fire, not to suppress it.

[0013] fire suppressant

[0014] The term "fire suppressant" can be confusing. This implies that while an agent suppresses a specific fire, it does not necessarily suppress it. Of course, the actual goal is to extinguish the fire, but the best objective achievable using a specific agent on a specific fire is to reduce or slow it down. In other words, fire suppression occurs in some cases, but not in others. Some fire suppression system manufacturers advertise their products as "fire suppression systems" because complete extinguishment is not always possible. That is, by not explicitly labeling their products as "fire suppression systems," they seek to avoid product liability. However, since customers are actually looking for a "fire suppression system," potential buyers should pay attention to the difference between the term "fire suppression system" and the actual product, or carefully examine the specific function of the agent. A good example of this is halocarbon gaseous agents for Class A fires. In cases where the degree of combustion of Class A material is light, such as writing paper on a desk or a trash can catching fire, such fire suppression systems are likely to suppress the fire. On the other hand, in the case of a Class A fire where the combustible material is knocked-down cardboard packing boxes on a shelf, it may be difficult for halocarbon agents to penetrate the interior of the material and reach the ignition source area. In this case, the fire is not extinguished but only suppressed. Therefore, manufacturers of fire prevention systems will refer to such systems as suppression systems.

[0015] Fire Extinguishing Agent: A fire extinguishing agent will extinguish a fire. Such systems are far superior in performance to fire suppressants or fire extinguishers. To address fire hazards such as battery fires, fire suppressants and fire extinguishers must be avoided due to the violence of battery fires and the difficulty of extinguishing them. In this case, the only meaningful system is one that enables rapid extinguishing and can suppress the fire until the fire hazard (ignition source) cools down and the runaway hazard is resolved.

[0016] Types of extinguishers: There is no universal agent—aerosols are the closest to that meaning in terms of performance. The "traditional" agents used for various fires are as follows.

[0017] Class A: Water, multi-purpose dry chemical

[0018] Class B: Foam, dry chemicals, carbon dioxide

[0019] Class C: Multi-purpose dry chemical, carbon dioxide

[0020] Grade D: Special dry powder (similar to sand)

[0021] Lithium-ion Battery Fires: For example, as the use of batteries such as lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles increases, there is growing interest in improving the operational safety of these battery-based power systems. Although there are various versions of lithium-ion batteries with different technologies, this battery "family" all faces similar extinguishing challenges in the event of a fire.

[0022] Lithium-ion battery fires are unique in that they can simultaneously correspond to Class A, B, C, and D fires. The problem to be solved

[0023] The major hazard problem is the stored energy. Other risk factors include flammable electrolytes that can generate oxygen on their own in the event of a fire, highly flammable lithium metal, and packaging materials.

[0024] When considering lithium-ion battery firefighting, the following points are particularly noteworthy. First, batteries can possess very high energy storage capacity. Second, fires or explosions typically begin at unpredictable times. Third, the onset of a fire or explosion proceeds very rapidly; sometimes, only a few seconds pass from ignition to the explosion or uncontrollable spread of the fire. Fourth, there are two "stages" involved in this issue: the destructive opening of the package and the initiation of the fire / explosion; and the spread of the fire / explosion caused by the uncontrolled rapid heating of battery residue and the rapid exposure of adjacent batteries to heat. Fifth, traditional fire extinguishing agents are ineffective. Sixth, while water does not function well as a fire extinguishing agent, a massive amount of water can cool the flammable material and eventually extinguish the fire.

[0025] When aerosols are used for fire suppression and extinguishment, thin metal panels containing dry chemical extinguishing powders are placed near the vehicle's fuel tank. If a collision occurs from the rear of the vehicle, the fuel tank is damaged, and the panels containing the extinguishing agent also rupture. As a result, the dry powder agent disperses to prevent or suppress the fire. Some Ford Crown Victorias used as police vehicles are equipped with these dry chemical panels, and successful fire suppression has been achieved in both tests and actual accidents. The U.S. military has also installed similar panels on armored vehicles to protect areas such as wheel wells. However, aerosol agents have never been used in these applications.

[0026] Generally, dry chemical agents made of sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate are stored and released as fine powders with a typical particle diameter of 25 microns. When these powders enter a flame, they extinguish the fire primarily by interfering with the chemical reactions of the fire.

[0027] Aerosol agents, generally made of fuel (e.g., epoxy resin) mixed with an oxidizer (e.g., potassium nitrate), are solid combustible materials that burn when exposed to flames or high heat. The products of combustion are fine aerosol-sized particulates with much smaller diameters (less than 10 microns, typically less than 2 microns) and a less significant quantity of nitrogen and other gases.

[0028] The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA Standard 2010 for Fixed Aerosol Firefighting Systems, Section 3.3.2.1) defines "condensed aerosol" as follows: "a firefighting medium composed of (i) finely divided solid particles, generally less than 10 microns in diameter, and (ii) gaseous material, generated by the combustion process of a solid aerosol-forming compound." This is more specific than the previously accepted definition of "very" finely-divided solid or liquid particulate material.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a condensed aerosol material has the following two states: namely, a solid state; and an aerosol state. The solid state is a compound or precursor material and creates a fire-suppressing aerosol subsequent to ignition. The solid state may have various forms. For example, it may have the form of a rigid or semi-rigid panel, a flexible sheet, a block (e.g., a rectangular prism), a three-dimensional solid (such as a tetrahedron or cone). The aerosol state is generated by ignition and consists of finely divided solid or liquid particles.

[0030] These fine aerosol particles suppress fires by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire. Due to their small diameter, these fine aerosol particles possess a large surface area. This large surface area allows the particles to react very quickly within the flames, providing relatively much faster fire extinguishing performance compared to other agents.

[0031] In terms of reacting rapidly in flames and utilizing a chemical blocking mechanism, these agents are much more efficient than conventional agents, and superior results can be obtained with a relatively much smaller amount of agent. means of solving the problem

[0032] A fire suppression system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises at least one of an enclosure and (ii) an internal partition structure. The enclosure comprises at least one enclosure wall and defines a predetermined internal space.

[0033] The internal partition structure divides the internal space into at least two spaces. At least one of the enclosure and the internal partition structure is composed of a matrix. The matrix includes an aerosol fire suppression material and a combustible base material.

[0034] Solid or flexible condensed aerosol fire extinguishing materials can be formed into panels, sheets, or various other shapes, or formed into coating shapes. They are activated by fire or heat and extinguish fire by releasing fine particulate / gaseous agents.

[0035] These condensing aerosol agents are particularly useful for difficult-to-extinguish fires, such as lithium-ion battery fires, because they can interrupt the chemical chain reaction of the fire. Due to this extinguishing mechanism, the amount of agent required to suppress the fire is significantly reduced.

[0036] In addition, because the extinguishing particles are fine, the agent has a large surface area and can react very rapidly within the flame. As a result, these aerosol agents can extinguish fires quickly.

[0037] Compared to conventional canister-style aerosol generators, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention, having various shapes and coating forms such as panels and sheets, offers advantages in several aspects. This is because the fire extinguishing agent is molded into a structural form such as a panel, and since the structure itself functions as the fire extinguishing agent, a separate storage container for the agent is not required (self-contained). Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention performs the function of detecting a fire while simultaneously performing the function of actuation of the condensed fire extinguishing agent molded into various shapes and coatings such as panels and sheets. Additionally, this form is advantageous for effectively distributing the fire extinguishing agent within a limited, enclosed space.

[0038] The fire suppression system of the present invention for use in a fire hazard enclosure comprises, in part, a panel of condensed aerosol fire suppression material. The panel comprises: a first side facing the enclosure and a second side facing the fire hazard; a fire-resistant material disposed near the first side; and a sealant material disposed on the upper part of the second side.

[0039] The panels can be used in a "naked" state. That is, they can be used without being attached to an enclosure and without being treated with ceramic paint, adhesives, sealants, etc. For example, when packing new batteries or laptop computers into boxes for shipping by truck or airplane, the packer can simply insert the panels into the shipping boxes rather than attaching them to the boxes. Such panels may not require adhesives, sealants, or ceramics.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire suppression system further includes an insulation layer disposed between a first side facing the enclosure and a fire-resistant material.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire-resistant material comprises ceramic paint.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present invention, the panel further includes at least one lateral side extending between the first enclosure-facing side and the second hazard-facing side. The fire-resistant material may be placed on the at least one lateral side.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire suppression system may further include an adhesive region. The adhesive region is formed on the surface of the fire-resistant material facing the enclosure. The adhesive region may include a layer of adhesive material formed on the surface of the fire-resistant material facing the enclosure and a removable layer of protective material covering the adhesive layer.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire suppression system comprises an aerosol material. The aerosol material is placed over a potential fire hazard or in physical proximity to a potential fire hazard. The aerosol material is activated when exposed to at least one of heat or flame. The aerosol material may have at least one of the following forms: a body of material impregnated with an aerosol fire suppression substance; or a coating applied to the surface of the potential fire hazard or a surface in physical proximity to it. In an embodiment of the present invention, the body of material may be flexible, rigid, or a combination thereof. The body of material may have a shape among cylindrical, pyramidal, prismatic, rectangular, spherical, irregular shell, or a combination thereof. The body of material may be hollow, solid, rigid but entirely porous, or a combination thereof.

[0045] The panel may be installed on the top of the enclosure, or as partitions or dividers in the enclosure to separate sections of the hazardous materials, and / or installed on the hazardous materials, or internal to the hazard. For example, it may be installed in the internal space of a battery module composed of multiple cells. In an embodiment of the present invention, the partitions or dividers may be used as shipping boxes for batteries or electronic products, or may be located inside another larger box or package.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol material is preferably similar to plastic in terms of its mechanical properties. Thus, the aerosol material can be molded into the structure or specific components of a hazardous material. The aerosol material can be manufactured in various ways. For example, the aerosol material can be molded by methods such as stamping, molding, and machining to form a component that makes up the hazardous material. The hazardous material produced in this way functions as a fire extinguishing agent in the event of a fire. Through this mechanism, when the fire extinguishing agent is integrated into the hazardous material, the fire extinguishing agent can be located as close as possible to the hazardous material.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol fire suppression substance comprises at least one of potassium nitrate; potassium carbonate; epoxy or organic resin; dicyandiamide (DCDA); magnesium; or similar materials that constitute a fuel and an oxidizer. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol material does not contain strontium in any form or composition due to concerns regarding potential adverse health effects.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol material further comprises a plurality of layers of aerosol fire suppression substance. The plurality of layers may include at least two layers, and the aerosol fire suppression substance of the first layer is different from the aerosol fire suppression substance of the second layer.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire suppression system further comprises an initiator operably coupled to the aerosol substance to facilitate actuation of the aerosol fire suppression substance.

[0050] A fire suppression system according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a fire detector. The fire detector is operably connected to an initiator. The fire detector activates the initiator when at least one of heat exceeding a predetermined temperature, a flame, a combustion product exceeding a predetermined concentration, or a combustion product having a predetermined component is detected.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire suppression system further includes a control device. The control device is coupled to an initiator and an aerosol material.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, the control device includes a manual actuator that allows the initiator to be selectively operated by a person.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire suppression system further comprises a fire detector. The fire detector is operably coupled to an initiator and a control device. The fire detector activates the initiator when at least one of heat exceeding a predetermined temperature, flame, combustion products exceeding a predetermined concentration, or combustion products having a predetermined component is detected. In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire hazard comprises at least one of a first device and a process system. The control device is connected to a monitoring device. The monitoring device monitors the operation of the first device. The first device may be a battery or battery bank of a vehicle or facility. Alternatively, the process system may be any type of manufacturing or operating system where fire hazard is particularly pronounced.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol material may be a body of material impregnated with an aerosol fire suppression substance. A layer of protective material is disposed on the side of the body and positioned facing the aerosol fire hazard. The protective material layer has a patterned shape that exposes a portion of the body of material impregnated with the aerosol fire suppression substance.

[0055] The foregoing features and other features and advantages of the present invention become more apparent from the accompanying drawings (not identical to actual size) and the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative rather than limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Effects of the invention

[0056] The fire extinguisher according to the present invention is easy to install, reduces the required space and weight, lowers the price of the fire extinguisher components, and reduces the cost of installation. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical enclosure, in which a potential fire hazard is placed inside the enclosure. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an aerosol product according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the aerosol product is placed on top of a fire hazard enclosure shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention and shows an alternative placement of an aerosol product. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention and shows that an aerosol product is arranged in layers or in various other shapes. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention and shows a case where an aerosol agent is placed on top of an enclosure. It also shows an example of a control, detection, and initiation system. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention and shows a particular aerosol panel configuration. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention and shows a specific aerosol panel configuration. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein an aerosol system is placed inside an enclosure and applied to the top of a fire hazard. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention and illustrates various modes in which an aerosol material can be applied to a fire hazard. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the aerosol material is incorporated into the fire hazard. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention and is an example of an aerosol material applied to a fire hazard material such as an individual battery cell. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention and is an example of an aerosol material applied to a fire hazard such as grouped individual battery cells. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fire hazard is an individual battery cell arranged in a row, and an aerosol material is disposed within the gap space between the fire hazard units. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fire hazard is an individual battery cell arranged in an array form, and an aerosol material is disposed within the gap space between the fire hazard units. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein an aerosol material is incorporated into dividers or partitions. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an enclosure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and an aerosol material is solidified and molded into an enclosure. FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an aerosol panel, and a suppression coating (104) for controlling the activation of an aerosol material is applied to a selective location on the aerosol panel (100). Specific details for implementing the invention

[0058] While the present invention may be embodied in various forms, it should be kept in mind that this disclosure is an example of the principles of the invention. To aid in understanding the invention, some embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in this specification, but this is not intended to limit the invention to the exemplified embodiments(s).

[0059] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. The drawings and description are merely illustrative of various aspects of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. Unless specifically noted, the words and phrases in the specification and claims are intended to be provided in the ordinary, common, and familiar meaning to those skilled in the art. The inventors may be their own lexicographers. As their own lexicographers, the inventors have explicitly chosen to use only the ordinary and common meanings of terms in the specification and claims unless otherwise specified, and furthermore, have explicitly provided "special" definitions of such terms and explained how they differ from the ordinary meanings. Unless there is a statement of such clear intent to apply "special" definitions, it is the inventors' intention and wish that the simple, ordinary, and common meanings of the terms apply to the interpretation of the specification and claims.

[0060] The inventors are also aware of the general lessons of English grammar. Therefore, where a noun, term, or phrase is intended to be further characterized, designated, or reduced in any way, such noun, term, or phrase explicitly includes additional adjectives, descriptive terms, or other modifiers in accordance with the general terms of English grammar. The omission of such adjectives, descriptive terms, or modifiers is intended to give such noun, term, or phrase a plain and common English meaning to those skilled in the relevant technical field specified above.

[0061] Furthermore, inventors are fully aware of the standards and application of the special provisions of the U.S. Patent Act, specifically 35 USC §112(f) or pre-AIA 35 USC §112(6). Therefore, the use of the words “function,” “means,” or “step” in the detailed description of the invention or in the claims is not intended to define the invention in accordance with the special provisions of 35 USC §112(f) or pre-AIA 35 USC §(6). Conversely, where provisions of 35 USC §112(f) or pre-AIA 35 USC § are invoked to define the invention, the claims will specifically and explicitly describe a particular function (e.g., “means for roasting”) with the precise wording “means for” or “step for”. Such wording will be used without any structure, material, or act, etc., describing such function being explicitly presented. Therefore, even if a claim refers to "means for..." or "steps for...", if the claim also refers to structures, materials, or acts that support said means or steps or perform the said functions, it is the inventor's clear intent to exclude the application of the provisions of 35 USC §112(f) or pre-AIA 35 USC §. Furthermore, even if the provisions of 35 USC §112(f) or pre-AIA 35 USC § are cited to define the claimed invention, the invention is not limited to the specific structures, materials, or acts described in the exemplified embodiments but includes all structures, materials, or acts, and the scope of the claims of the invention should be interpreted to further include equivalent structures, materials, or acts that are currently or in the future developed.

[0062] In the following description, and for the purpose of explanation, various specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, known structures and devices are more generally illustrated or discussed to avoid obscuring the invention. In many cases, the description of the operation is sufficient to implement various forms of the invention, especially when the operation is implemented in software.

[0063] It should be noted that there are many different and alternative configurations, devices, and techniques to which the disclosed invention can be applied. Accordingly, the full scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0064] Various aspects of the present invention may be described in terms of functional block components and various processing steps. These functional blocks may be realized by any number of hardware or software components configured to perform a specified function and achieve various results.

[0065] Accordingly, while improved apparatus, systems, and methods for achieving the generation and dispersion of pyrotechnically-generated fire suppression materials are disclosed, references to systems and apparatus in the following disclosures are applicable to other fire suppression apparatuses and methods utilizing relevant structures for the mentioned process. Likewise, references to methods may be applicable to systems and apparatuses performing the process in the operation of the cited apparatus. Various combinations of elements or structures of various exemplified embodiments are proposed, but are not limited thereto, and various modifications to the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the claims. For example, specific materials and / or manufacturing methods of the apparatus described herein may be discussed, but those skilled in the art may select various materials and / or manufacturing methods according to the requirements of a specific application as desired or necessary to meet requirements without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0066] For example, FIG. 1-7 illustrates a pyrotechnic aerosol fire suppression agent in sheet form as one embodiment. The pyrotechnic aerosol fire suppression agent is impregnated with a pyrotechnic aerosol fire suppression agent and releases it to the outside when exposed to heat and / or flames. Such sheets can be strategically placed above or near potential fire hazards. Aerosol agent panels (sheets, coatings, etc.) are particularly suitable when there is insufficient space to deploy other aerosol fire suppression systems or when agent distribution is not feasible. Alternatively, aerosol agent sheets or coatings can be provided as a supplement to pyrotechnic fire suppression agents distributed through nozzles.

[0067] Although the material having a fire suppression agent impregnated therein is described and illustrated in this specification as being in the form of a sheet, other geometric configurations are also possible. Configurations implemented in such different shapes are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Such alternative configurations of the body of impregnated material may have one of the properties of flexibility, rigidity, or a combination thereof; may have a shape that is cylindrical, pyramidal, prismatic, rectangular, spherical, irregular shell, or a combination thereof; may be molded into one of hollow, solid, or rigid but entirely porous; and may include, but are not limited to, a combination thereof. Furthermore, in the present invention, "aerosol material" may refer to a material and / or a mixture or composition of materials that is embedded in or impregnated by a binder material, including but not limited to an epoxy resin material. The operation of aerosol fire suppression agents is summarized as follows.

[0068] (a) A condensed agent (before being ignited) is generally a solid material (which may be a liquid or slurry) composed mainly of a fuel (which may be an epoxy resin) and an oxidizer (e.g., potassium nitrate). This is similar to pyrotechnic materials such as fireworks, munitions, and airbag inflators.

[0069] (b) When the substance is ignited, combustion is significantly accelerated by the oxidizer. Depending on the combustion rate, it is determined whether it will become a fire extinguishing agent produced over a few seconds or a bomb that burns immediately and produces an explosive effect.

[0070] (c) Fire extinguishing aerosol agents are produced by the combustion of condensed agents. Typically, solid pellets produce actual aerosols in the form of ultrafine particles (which may appear as white smoke) along with some gaseous byproducts that may include nitrogen and other gases.

[0071] (d) In a normal target fire to be suppressed, the burning fuel generates chemical radicals that link with oxygen in the air to provide an exothermic reaction to sustain combustion.

[0072] (e) The target fire continues unless one or more of the following events occur.

[0073] 1. Oxygen is removed. (e.g., a CO2 fire extinguisher is used)

[0074] 2. Cool down the fire. (Sprinklers or water hoses are used.)

[0075] 3. Fuel is removed. (When the fuel supply valve is closed, the gas jet fire in the leaking pipe stops.)

[0076] (f) Pyrotechnic aerosol fire suppression systems do not use the three "traditional" methods described above. The particulates generated by the aerosol fire suppression agent are potassium-based. When these very fine particulates enter the flames of a target fire, fuel radicals, which typically link with oxygen, preferentially link with potassium radicals provided by the aerosol agent. The new compounds generated through the potassium radicals are stable and non-combustible, thereby suppressing the target fire.

[0077] (g) In other words, in general, there is still oxygen in the room where the fire has occurred that is necessary to keep the fire to be suppressed (target fire) burning. Pyrotechnic aerosol fire suppression agents do not reduce the oxygen available to the fire. Instead, the fuel radicals of the target fire have a greater affinity for potassium radicals generated by the flame than for the surrounding atmospheric oxygen. Therefore, even though oxygen is still present, the target fire is suppressed because the oxygen is excluded due to the presence of potassium.

[0078] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a representative enclosure (10) in which a potential fire hazard (12) is placed. The hazard to be protected may include a containment. The containment may, for example, substantially prevent leakage, or allow a small amount of leakage, or represent a potential fire hazard. The fire hazard is located inside the enclosure. The fire class may be a Class A (general combustible material), Class B (combustible liquid), Class C (electrical fire), Class D (combustible metal such as lithium), or a material that can burn without atmospheric oxygen, such as a specific electrolyte material of a lithium-ion battery.

[0079] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an aerosol product (14) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The aerosol product is applied over the fire hazard material (12) shown in FIG. 1. An aerosol agent formed into a sheet, panel, or various other shapes may be fitted within the enclosure (10). The amount and placement of the agent depend on the volume, available space, leakage, and obstacles. In the case of high-energy hazard materials, if an unwanted fire occurs, sufficient energy, flame, and / or heat are generated for the aerosol agent to start combustion. In this simplest arrangement, fire detection is not required, and the operation of the fire extinguishing function is automatic.

[0080] The agent formulation for a "solid aerosol forming compound" is an energy material. Energy materials generally consist of a fuel and an oxidizer. The combustion rate is determined by the choice of materials. Very rapid combustion is considered an explosion. Slow-combustion agents are used by fire protection manufacturers for solid aerosol forming compounds. When considering solid aerosol forming compounds, the fuel used is typically epoxy resin, and the oxidizer is typically potassium nitrate or a similar oxidizer. More specifically, representative materials include, but are not limited to, one or more of potassium nitrate; potassium carbonate; epoxy or organic resins; dicyandiamide (DCDA); and magnesium. With these materials

[0081] It is used to produce aerosol pellets (used in pyrotechnical generators) or impregnated sheets. When comparing potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate, potassium carbonate is a strong oxidizing agent but is susceptible to shock, so potassium nitrate is considered safer and more stable. Therefore, for the purposes of the present invention, potassium nitrate is considered a safer material to implement, particularly in or near fire hazards that may be affected by movement, shock, vibration, etc.

[0082] When implementing a pyrotechnical generator or impregnated sheet, various factors may be considered to determine the generation rate of fire suppression aerosols, such as specific chemical composition; the surface area or nozzle area of ​​the sheet or, in the case of the generator, the chamber volume, the shape and / or thickness of the sheet or panel; and the use of suppression coatings (on the sheet, panel, or generator pellets), such as ceramic "paint."

[0083] In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol generating material itself can be molded into a container shape. In this case, a self-supporting body can be realized without a separate external frame or holder to transport or support the aerosol generating material. A significant amount of epoxy resin is used to realize the self-supporting body, and the resin can affect the combustion rate. Potentially, it can slow down the combustion rate to a point of self-extinguishment. Therefore, combustion control or reinforcing materials, such as magnesium, aluminum, or similar materials in powder or flake form, for example, can be dispersed within the resin.

[0084] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which an aerosol product (14) is applied to the upper part of a container, housing, enclosure, etc. (10) that encloses a hazardous material (12).

[0085] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative arrangement of an aerosol product (14) according to another embodiment of the present invention. The aerosol product (14) is applied in a plurality of layers (16, 18). More layers may be provided if necessary. The aerosol product may be implemented in various shapes, such as panels, sheets, blocks, strips, and bars. The aerosol agent contained within the aerosol product (14) may be placed or applied to the enclosure (10) and the fire hazard (12) in a manner most suitable for them. Once the actuating mechanism is initiated, all the aerosol agent will actuate because of the energy of the aerosol materials. Even if the installed aerosol agent sheets / panels or forms are not in contact with each other, nearby aerosol agents may burn to produce a fire extinguishing agent. Alternatively, the layers (16, 18) may also be manufactured using different aerosol materials so that they can be developed at different temperatures according to the characteristics of the specific fire hazard (12) in question.

[0086] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention and illustrates the arrangement of an aerosol product (14) combined with a detection and operation system. As previously described, the aerosol agent material may self-initiate due to significant flame or energy generated from a fire, but the operation of the aerosol agent material may also be initiated via fire detector(s) (22) and an electric initiator (24). For example, fire detector(s) (22) and an electric initiator (24) may be added when it is expected that the fire will not be able to supply the energy required to start aerosol combustion, or when additional reliability is required. Fire detection may utilize smoke, heat, flame detectors and / or automatic or manual operation control stations(s) (20).

[0087] In addition to using a fire detection system to operate a fire suppression aerosol generator or sheets, or as an alternative, monitoring equipment may be used. The monitoring equipment may include a process monitoring system (not shown) capable of potentially detecting a fire. The fire suppression aerosol generator or sheets may be operated by a signal received from the process monitoring system (not shown). For example, in the case of a vehicle's battery compartment, in addition to a dedicated fire / smoke sensor configured to send a signal to a control unit, a monitoring system capable of detecting battery bank operational errors may be added to the battery bank. The monitoring system detects errors corresponding to conditions that could lead to ignition or explosion. This allows for the detection of battery bank operational errors in advance, before actual detectable smoke, excessive heat, or flames occur.

[0088] These panels, shapes, or coatings (14) may be applied to the battery enclosure as well as to the ceiling / top, walls, and floor / bottom of the enclosure (10). When the agent is ignited, the agent is dispersed directly into the enclosure / room. This applies in cases where the enclosure is equipped with an active ventilation device (e.g., a blower) that is not or cannot be blocked in the event of smoke or fire, where there are fixed openings (e.g., vents), or where the integrity of the enclosure may be rapidly compromised by a smoke / heat / fire event. A person skilled in the art may use ordinary design and engineering practices to increase the amount of aerosol agent to address potential loss or misdirection of the activated aerosol material resulting from such damage.

[0089] A fire extinguishing aerosol is generated by agent combustion, which can be initiated directly by the high heat of a flame or fire. Agent combustion may also be initiated by various fire detection systems (20, 22, 24) using heat, smoke, or flame sensors, or by a manual operating station that electrically activates an initiator mounted on the aerosol agent. Other types of initiators may be thermally actuated, or mechanical types that actuate the initiator by raising the temperature of the compartment, or manual mechanical means.

[0090] FIGS. 6-7 disclose additional details regarding condensed aerosol agents. Condensed aerosol agents may be in the form of sheets, panels, and coatings.

[0091] As exemplified in FIG. 6-7, various improvements and features are provided to make ridged or flexible condensed aerosol panels, sheets, and coatings more practical.

[0092] A thin ceramic paint or coating, or a similar fire retardant (30), may be applied to selected surfaces (32) of panels, sheets, and / or aerosol coatings (26), or to surface(s) (34) of an enclosure (36). A fire hazard (not shown) is placed inside or around the enclosure. These materials can withstand temperatures of 1500 degrees Fahrenheit or higher for a period of time. As a result, even if a fire occurs in the panels, sheets, and coatings, the fire zone is limited to the area where the fire retardant is not applied. By utilizing these properties, the method and location of controlling how the aerosol material burns to generate a fire extinguishing agent can be improved, and combustion can be prevented from proceeding too quickly. Excessive pressure resulting from very rapid or uncontrolled combustion can damage the enclosure of the hazard. A ceramic coating is generally considered to be similar to a very thin layer of paint. However, a specific thickness may be determined by a person skilled in the art to accommodate specific requirements. As of the time of writing, numerous brands and products exist in the industry as potential candidates for ceramic coatings that can be implemented according to the present disclosure. Certain ceramic paints or coatings can withstand very high heat. This property can be utilized to selectively control or limit the surface area of ​​solid aerosol agents that are ignited and burned. In embodiments of the present invention, typical application thicknesses of ceramic paints are 1 mil (0.001 inch) to 6 mils (above 1 mil (0.001 inch) to 6 mils). Thicknesses of ceramic coatings are 6 mils to 50 mils. One of the products commercially available at the time of writing is Cerakote™ C Series coatings, and the C-7700 is rated up to 1,800°F (1,000°C). Another product brand is 3M™ NEXTEL™ paints and coatings.

[0093] A sealant, rubber coating, or thin film (38) may generally be applied over the surface of the aerosol material to prevent harmful effects of moisture or other corrosive chemicals that may be present in the area of ​​the condensed aerosol agent material. The advantage is that the aerosol material protects the agent from environmental contamination that could degrade the quality and performance of the agent material. These added sealants, rubber coatings, or thin films do not prevent the aerosol material from reacting to flames or heat. Because they are flammable, flames generated from hazardous materials immediately burn and pass through the sealant, rubber coating, or thin film, causing the condensed aerosol material to rapidly ignite. As a result, extinguishing action is initiated. Additionally, an energy material that begins to burn faster than the aerosol agent can be mixed into the sealant. In this case, the sealant not only protects the solid aerosol agent but also improves the panel's reaction time to exposed flames. Controlling the panel's reaction time in this way is a commonly employed method. Likewise, the thickness of the sealant may also be changed according to the specific implementation requirements of those skilled in the art. In embodiments of the present invention, a thin coating of 10 mils (1 mil is 0.001 inches) to 100 miks is considered to be a preferred range in embodiments of the present invention. Known potential candidates include materials such as rubber sealants sold under the brand name FLEX-SEAL™ or similar products from 3M™.

[0094] An insulation layer (40) can be added to the aerosol material to limit heat transfer from the burning aerosol material to the enclosure or packaging material. High-performance insulating materials such as ceramic insulating sheets, fabrics, or coatings can be used. The advantage is that the enclosure or packaging can be made thinner or made of cheaper materials, and the enclosure or packaging can also be made of combustible materials such as glass fiber, plastic, fiberboard, or cardboard containers.

[0095] An example of a source of insulation considered suitable for use according to an embodiment of the present invention is a 3M™ product. In particular, a high-performance insulation product family known as 3M™NEXTEL™ is preferred. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the insulation may be a thin fabric or a material fabricated with a configuration and performance characteristics similar to flexible cardboard. This material was previously placed inside an aerosol container to slow down heat release after discharge to prevent injury. However, it has never been used to directly prevent the heat of the aerosol agent from being transferred to the enclosure.

[0096] A wide range of high-performance ceramic insulation products are available to prevent heat transfer. Certain models of 3M’s NEXTEL™ or INTERAM™ products are known to withstand temperatures exceeding 850°C and are available as rigid structural sheets or non-structural fabrics.

[0097] If panels or other shapes are to be mounted to an enclosure or hazardous material, spray or brush adhesive may be applied during installation.

[0098] Alternatively, before installing the aerosol material formed into a panel shape, sheet shape, or coating shape at a desired location, adhesive (42) may be applied to the back of the aerosol material in advance. After applying the adhesive in advance, the protective film or release liner (not shown) of the adhesive is removed when mounting the aerosol material. Then, the adhesive is exposed, allowing the aerosol material in the form of a panel, sheet, or coating shape to be installed at the desired location more quickly and with less labor. For example, double-sided tape may be used, or the adhesive may be applied to the side of the aerosol material in advance and an optionally removable protective layer or strip may be formed on top of the adhesive. Those skilled in the art may select an adhesive suitable for the conditions of a specific implementation. Adhesive materials sold by 3M™ or other common adhesives such as Gorilla Glue™ will be suitable in many cases. One of the considerations for selection is that the chemical properties of the adhesive must be compatible with those of the aerosol fuel and oxidizer, and that the combustion of the adhesive must not interfere with the fire suppression properties of the aerosol and must be non-toxic in high-temperature or flame environments.

[0099] Figures 8-14 illustrate various different application examples of aerosol sheets, panels, and coatings.

[0100] Condensed aerosol agents formed in the form of sheets, panels, and coatings (54) may be attached wholly or partially to the inner or outer surface of the enclosure itself. Alternatively, condensed aerosol agents formed in the form of sheets, panels, and coatings (54) may be utilized wholly or partially as partitions housed inside the enclosure. Alternatively, condensed aerosol agents formed in the form of sheets, panels, and coatings (54) may be attached wholly or partially directly to the hazardous components (52) themselves, or to components placed inside an enclosure. Alternatively, condensed aerosol agents formed in the form of sheets, panels, and coatings (54) may be placed wholly or partially inside the hazardous components (52) (Fig. 10). Alternatively, condensed aerosol agents may be formed in the form of sheets, panels, and coatings (54) so ​​that they themselves wholly or partially become the structure of the hazardous components.

[0101] In this way, condensed aerosol fire extinguishing sheets, panels, or coatings may be applied to enclosures, boxes, or similar containers, or may be used as partitions or dividers inside the enclosure, and the condensed aerosol material may be applied on, immediately near, or inside hazardous materials or assemblies.

[0102] Aerosol materials in the form of panels, flexible and / or rigid sheets or coatings may be applied directly or in close proximity to fire hazards. FIG. 9 shows an example in which aerosol material sheet(s) (54) are applied to one or more sides (56) of a hazard (52).

[0103] Condensed aerosol agent material may be applied to one or more surfaces of or near the hazardous material, and it is also possible to partially or completely cover or surround the hazardous material with the aerosol material in the form of panels, flexible and / or rigid sheets, or coatings.

[0104] An advantage of the present invention is that the fire detection time and the operation time of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can be significantly reduced. Another advantage is that, according to the structure of the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent can be located closer to the fire hazard.

[0105] For example, it can be applied to one or more lithium-ion battery modules located within a larger enclosure or a complete battery pack. The modules may be protected collectively as a single assembly, or each module may be protected individually.

[0106] Additionally, for added assurance, a larger enclosure containing a battery module, battery pack, or battery cell (60) (Fig. 11-14) can be implemented using an aerosol material panel, sheet, or coating as the material. In this case, when a fire occurs, the aerosol material is released from within the panel, sheet, or coating constituting the enclosure, thereby providing additional protection against fire.

[0107] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an aerosol material may be applied to the interior of a hazardous material by coating (58) the components of the hazardous material (as shown in FIG. 11-12) with an aerosol material (62) or by filling part or all of the empty space of the hazardous material with an aerosol material (as shown in FIG. 13-14). Referring specifically to FIG. 11, one embodiment of the present invention includes a method for protecting a potential fire hazard by directly applying an aerosol generating material to the outer surface of a structure or device constituting the actual hazardous material. For example, the aerosol material is applied directly to the outer surface of an individual battery cell before being incorporated into a battery pack containing one or more individual battery cells. At this time, the method of applying the aerosol material may be spraying, dipping, applying the aerosol material in the form of a thin sheet, for example through an interlayer of an adhesive, or a combination of two or more of these methods.

[0108] FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which an aerosol material is incorporated into a divider or partition. Specifically, the divider (70) may be monolithically formed as a single unit. For example, by molding, the divider is manufactured from a series of panels (72). Alternatively, the divider (70) may be separate panels (72) bonded together. In another alternative embodiment, the divider (70) may be a single long large panel (72) or a series of small panels (72). In all cases, slots (not shown) may be appropriately formed or die-cut to interlock the large panels or small panels to facilitate the formation of the divider.

[0109] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a fire hazard material (80) according to one embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of batteries (82) are mounted inside a case (84). The batteries (82) may be contained within the case (84) for transport or storage purposes. Alternatively, the case (84) may be employed to form a functional unit. Here, the plurality of batteries (82) are held together and electrically coupled to each other. In one embodiment of the present invention, the case (84) includes four sides (86) (two of which are shown), a bottom (88), and a top plate (90). The sides and bottom, and the sides and top plate are joined to each other by fasteners. Examples of fasteners include screws (92, 94) received in threaded bores (shown in the drawing but not numbered).

[0110] In the embodiment of FIG. 16, one or more of the side (86), bottom (88), and top plate (90) may be manufactured from a rigid aerosol material as described herein. This may be machined to specific dimensions, or alternatively, manufactured through molding, stamping, rolling, or other suitable methods. Additionally, if structural components of a battery pack or power supply are manufactured from an enhanced resin aerosol material, the top, bottom, side walls and / or internal partitions or walls may be machined, tapped for screws, and drilled for other fasteners. The aerosol material considered by the present invention self-activates at sufficiently high temperatures and / or in the presence of an active open flame. Thus, if the structure forming the enclosure itself or the internal structure of a potential fire hazard is made of an aerosol-generating material, the aerosol-generating material can self-ignite to release an aerosol fire suppression material without the need for separate sensors, sophisticated processors, and / or ignition devices. Since the enclosure and / or internal structure itself is the aerosol-generating material, no separate space or configuration is required to house the aerosol-generating material, and therefore, there is no need to modify the design of the enclosure and / or internal structure to apply the fire suppression system.

[0111] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an aerosol panel (100). The aerosol panel (100) has a base layer (102) of aerosol-impregnated resin and a suppression coating (104) applied together. The activity of the aerosol material is controlled by selectively applying the suppression coating (104).

[0112] To prevent the entire surface area of ​​the panel, sheet, or coating from igniting too quickly and to control combustion, an inhibitor may be partially painted / coated on the surface of the panel, sheet, or coating (102). Ceramic paint (104) may be used as the inhibitor. This inhibitor coating (102) may be silk-screened with ceramic paint (104) in a checkerboard shape or a similar pattern on the panel, sheet, or coating (102). In this structure, when a large area of ​​the panel is exposed to flames, the speed at which the panel's fire extinguishing mechanism activates is limited. By controlling the activation speed of the panel's fire extinguishing mechanism, it is ensured that uncontrolled rapid activation (which could result in an explosion in the worst case) does not occur. In addition to the checkerboard pattern as shown in FIG. 17, alternative patterns such as stripes or strips, spiral patterns, diamond patterns, and concentric circles (similar to a target shape) may be considered. One of the advantages of the method of covering some of the aerosol material and exposing some of it is to ensure that not all of the aerosol material reacts to fire immediately, so that the aerosol material is gradually released over a long period of time, for example, for more than one minute if desired or necessary to meet the requirements of a specific implementation, or at least a controlled release.

[0113] There are various methods for applying agent materials to cases and the like. The agent material can be manufactured in the form of a sheet or a coating, attached or applied to parts, and then assembled to produce a finished product. Alternatively, an aerosol material can be sprayed onto the assembled finished product. Another method involves immersing the assembled finished product in an aerosol material.

[0114] Additionally, voids present in the assembly may be completely or partially filled or impregnated with aerosol materials. That is, aerosol materials may be injected into voids existing inside or around the hazardous material assembly. Some space may be left for ventilation of the assembly.

[0115] In the case of a battery module, the aerosol agent can be provided in a grid within the battery module to provide a sufficient amount of aerosol agent while leaving some space for ventilation of the assembly.

[0116] In one embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol material may completely or partially coat the components of the module. Alternatively, it may be applied within the hazardous area by completely or partially coating the battery cells. Some space may be left for ventilation of the assembly.

[0117] In an embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the fire hazard itself can be realized with a condensed aerosol agent. For example, the aerosol agent can be molded into a ridged shape having an appearance and physical properties similar to hard plastic. Since the molded product can be processed by machining, stamping, molding, or other methods, a battery module can be manufactured using the aerosol agent molded product as a material instead of making a battery module from metal or plastic materials.

[0118] Additional details and improvements regarding aerosol panels, sheets, and coatings were discussed previously. When condensed aerosol materials are installed near, on top of, or inside hazardous elements or assemblies, the same improvements, such as ceramic coatings, sealants, insulation layers, and adhesives, can be additionally applied.

[0119] The aerosol emission fire suppression system disclosed in this specification is believed to provide various advantages over known systems.

[0120] A. Compared to other traditional digestion methods, the advantages of the present invention are as follows.

[0121] Battery fires combined with thermal runaway are extremely difficult to extinguish and continue until the risk of thermal runaway is eliminated. According to the present invention, fires in lithium-ion battery applications can be extinguished very rapidly and thermal runaway can be stopped. In contrast, it is difficult to suppress such fires with traditional agents (dry chemicals, standard water systems, foam, carbon dioxide, etc.). This superior performance is achieved because the extinguishing mechanism of the aerosol agent interferes with the chemical reaction of the fire.

[0122] In addition to performance against battery fires, embodiments of the present invention can suppress fires of other types of fires, other than battery fires, much faster than most other agents.

[0123] The firefighting system according to an embodiment of the present invention is self-contained. It is much cheaper and much lighter than conventional firefighting agents.

[0124] B. Compared to other aerosol systems using canisters, the advantages of the present invention can be explained as follows.

[0125] Battery fires and thermal runaway progress rapidly. The time required to detect such fire incidents, activate suppression mechanisms, and suppress them is critical. Embodiments of the present invention can respond more quickly to fires in lithium-ion battery applications for the following reasons.

[0126] By using aerosols molded into panel, sheet, and other assembly shapes, the aerosols can be placed much closer to fire hazards. Molding the aerosols into panel, sheet, and other assembly shapes allows the molded product to be placed inside an enclosure, attached directly to the top of a fire-prone hazard, installed inside a battery assembly, or applied as a coating to the top of an actual battery, thereby enabling placement very close to the fire hazard.

[0127] When an aerosol generator molded into a sheet or panel shape is applied, the distribution of the agent is essentially improved, and thus problems caused by poor distribution can be resolved.

[0128] Having a much faster operating speed means that the aerosol reacts to less heat generated inside the battery and releases the suppressant in response to smaller, less dangerous fires. As such, the earlier the agent reacts, the easier it becomes to suppress and stop thermal runaway.

[0129] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of agent provided to the panel can be easily increased. Thus, a high safety margin can be provided to overcome damage to the enclosure, leakage, or to compensate for a ventilation device that has not been switched off.

[0130] Embodiments of the present invention are self-contained, low-cost, have very low space requirements, very low weight, and require virtually no maintenance.

[0131] The present invention has a higher level of reliability because it does not require a fire detection or operating system, and the risk of malfunction is reduced due to the small number of equipment.

[0132] C. Compared to other aerosol systems using small units of exposed aerosol in small frames, the advantages of the present invention are as follows.

[0133] The present invention does not require a frame or fixed assembly. This is because the agent of the present invention is formed into the form of a rigid panel or a flexible sheet, allowing it to be bonded to an enclosure, mounted on a hazardous material, impregnated into the hazardous material, or applied to the hazardous material via a coating method. Agents in this form can be machined or treated to become components of the hazardous material themselves.

[0134] The size and shape of the components according to the present invention may vary to suit each application field. The present invention provides a much higher level of flexibility during installation.

[0135] The present invention operates faster in the event of a fire and extinguishes the fire more quickly. It is particularly important to extinguish a fire rapidly before it grows in size and causes thermal runaway. In this regard, reducing the response time by even just a few seconds is very important.

[0136] Due to these characteristics, the aerosol agent according to the present invention has an inherent higher safety margin. Accordingly, the aerosol agent according to the present invention overcomes leakage and maintains the suppression state so that the fire does not reignite after suppression. This suppression state continues until the battery residue is cooled and the risk of thermal runaway is eliminated.

[0137] Even when compared with these small units fitted to frames, the present invention is superior in terms of greater flexibility during installation, much faster operation and extinguishing times, better agent distribution and ability to overcome difficult obstacles, lower cost, less weight / space occupancy, and the absence of maintenance.

[0138] While the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are considered to be currently preferred, various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims, and all changes and modifications within the meaning and scope of equivalents are intended to be included herein. For example, although the present disclosure emphasizes the use of products, systems, and methods in environments with battery fire hazards, particularly lithium-ion battery fire hazards, the scope of the invention is not so limited. The principles described and illustrated herein may be applied to other types of fire hazards.

[0139] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments above, many modifications and variations may be considered within the true spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to conceive of many variations and other embodiments of the invention described herein by taking advantage of the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the related drawings. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and variations and other embodiments are intended and should be considered to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Specific terms have been used in this specification, but they are general and for illustrative purposes only and are not for limiting purposes.

Claims

Claim 1 delete Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 delete Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete Claim 7 delete Claim 8 delete Claim 9 delete Claim 10 A fire suppression system comprises at least one of (i) an enclosure and (ii) an internal partition structure, wherein the enclosure comprises at least one enclosure wall defining an internal volume, the internal partition structure dividing the internal volume into at least two distinct sub-volumes, and at least one of the at least one enclosure wall and the internal partition structure is fabricated from a matrix, wherein the matrix comprises an aerosol fire suppression material and a combustible base material, wherein the fire suppression system comprises (i) at least one body of aerosol fire suppression material, (ii) a fire-resistant material, and (iii) a sealant material, wherein the aerosol fire suppression material body is: facing the enclosure A fire suppression system comprising a first enclosure-facing side and a second hazard-facing side facing a fire hazard material, wherein the fire-resistant material is disposed near the first side and the sealing material is disposed on the upper part of the second side, and wherein the fire-resistant material is applied in a pattern shape to expose a part of the body of at least one aerosol fire suppression material. Claim 11 A fire suppression system according to claim 10, characterized in that the pattern comprises one of a checkerboard, a striped pattern, a spiral pattern, a diamond pattern, or a series of concentric circles. Claim 12 delete Claim 13 delete Claim 14 delete Claim 15 delete Claim 16 delete Claim 17 delete Claim 18 delete Claim 19 delete Claim 20 delete Claim 21 delete Claim 22 delete Claim 23 delete

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