Plasma reactor for decomposing greenhouse gases

Abstract

A reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem comprises: a pipe-shaped housing; an inlet installed at one end of the housing for the introduction of reaction gas; an outlet installed at the other end of the housing for the discharge of reaction gas; and a cylindrical ceramic structure installed within the housing, wherein the inner wall of the ceramic structure is inclined along the height direction such that the inner diameter of one end is smaller than the inner diameter of the other end. In addition, in one embodiment, the reactor may further include a purging block disposed at the bottom of the ceramic structure for injecting purge gas. Various other embodiments are possible.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a plasma reactor for decomposing greenhouse gases. Background Technology

[0002] Greenhouse gases, which are the primary cause of global warming, particularly fluorinated greenhouse gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are chemically very stable and difficult to decompose, possessing a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of times that of carbon dioxide. Therefore, technologies for efficiently and safely decomposing these gases before they are released into the atmosphere are essential.

[0003] Thermal plasma technology, which utilizes high temperatures of thousands of degrees, is known as one of the technologies for treating such difficult-to-decompose gases. However, there are several technical challenges in applying thermal plasma technology. First, highly corrosive and toxic secondary pollutants, such as hydrogen fluoride (HF), are generated during the plasma decomposition process. Second, there is a high risk of equipment damage due to the ultra-high temperature of the plasma itself, requiring a sophisticated cooling system to control it. Third, rapid cooling and post-treatment processes are essential to prevent the decomposed gases from recombining into hazardous substances at low temperatures.

[0004] Existing devices suffer from problems such as bloated systems, complex process management, and reduced energy efficiency because each process—including decomposition, cooling, neutralization, and cleaning—is configured independently. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new decomposition device that maximizes stability and efficiency by organically integrating each process within a single system while maintaining high-efficiency decomposition performance. The problem to be solved

[0005] The present invention was developed to solve the aforementioned problems, and aims to provide a reactor with a new structure that maximizes the decomposition efficiency of greenhouse gases by ensuring sufficient reaction time while operating stably in an ultra-high temperature plasma environment, resolves the problem of byproduct adhesion that may occur during long-term operation, and improves maintenance convenience.

[0006] Specifically, the present invention provides a ceramic structure with inclined inner walls inside a reactor to effectively control the residence time of the reaction gas, and installs a purging block that sprays purge gas at the bottom of the reactor to prevent the adhesion of powder generated during the decomposition process.

[0007] In addition, another objective is to protect the reactor body from high temperatures by forming a space between the double-layer housing and the ceramic structure, and to extend the lifespan of the parts by allowing the installation direction of the ceramic structure to be selectively changed to flexibly respond to wear in specific areas.

[0008] The problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned problems will be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0009] A reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem comprises: a pipe-shaped housing; an inlet installed at one end of the housing for the introduction of reaction gas; an outlet installed at the other end of the housing for the discharge of reaction gas; and a cylindrical ceramic structure installed within the housing, wherein the ceramic structure is characterized by having an inner wall inclined along the height direction such that the inner diameter of one end is smaller than the inner diameter of the other end.

[0010] In one embodiment, the reactor may further include a purging block disposed at the bottom of the ceramic structure to inject purge gas. Effects of the invention

[0011] According to the present invention, the decomposition efficiency of greenhouse gases can be maximized by effectively controlling the residence time of the reaction gas through a ceramic structure with an inclined inner wall.

[0012] In addition, the double-layer housing and internal insulation space effectively protect the reactor from ultra-high temperature plasma, significantly improving the durability and stability of the equipment.

[0013] In addition, the vortex-shaped purge gas injected by the purge block effectively removes powder that may adhere to the ends of the ceramic structure, thereby preventing clogging of the equipment and ensuring continuous operation time.

[0014] In addition, by selectively changing the installation direction of the ceramic structure, it is possible to address areas subject to heavy wear, which has the effect of extending the lifespan of parts and reducing maintenance costs.

[0015] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art from the description below. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0016] Various aspects are described with reference to the drawings, wherein similar reference numbers are used to collectively refer to similar components. In the following embodiments, for illustrative purposes, a number of specific details are presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of one or more aspects. However, it will be apparent that such aspect(s) may be practiced without these specific details. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a greenhouse gas decomposition device according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a main chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2b is an exploded cross-sectional view of the main chamber. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional view of a weir chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4b is a perspective view showing a part of the interior of the weir chamber. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view and a plan view of a rapid cooling section according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling section after reaction according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an absorption tower unit according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a greenhouse gas decomposition device according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 illustrates various installation directions of a ceramic structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the bottom of a reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating the inner ring of a purging block according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom of a reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0017] Various embodiments and / or aspects are now disclosed with reference to the drawings. For illustrative purposes, numerous specific details are disclosed in the following description to aid in a general understanding of one or more aspects. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these aspects may be practiced without such specific details. The following description and the accompanying drawings describe specific exemplary aspects of one or more aspects in detail. However, these aspects are exemplary, and some of the various methods in the principles of the various aspects may be used, and the descriptions are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Specifically, terms such as “exemplary,” “example,” “aspect,” and “example” as used herein may not be interpreted as implying that any described aspect or design is superior or advantageous to other aspects or designs.

[0018] Hereinafter, identical or similar components are assigned the same reference numeral regardless of drawing symbols, and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted. Furthermore, in describing the embodiments disclosed in this specification, detailed descriptions of related prior art are omitted if it is determined that such detailed descriptions may obscure the essence of the embodiments disclosed in this specification. Additionally, the attached drawings are intended only to facilitate understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and the technical concept disclosed in this specification is not limited by the attached drawings.

[0019] Although terms such as first, second, etc. are used to describe various elements or components, it goes without saying that these elements or components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one element or component from another. Therefore, it goes without saying that the first element or component mentioned below may be the second element or component within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in this specification (including technical and scientific terms) may be used in a meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Additionally, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are not to be interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly and specifically defined otherwise.

[0021] Furthermore, the term "or" is intended to mean an implicit "or" rather than an exclusive "or." That is, unless otherwise specified or evident from the context, "X uses A or B" is intended to mean one of the natural implicit substitutions. In other words, if X uses A; if X uses B; or if X uses both A and B, "X uses A or B" may apply to any of these cases. Additionally, the term "and / or" as used herein should be understood to refer to and include all possible combinations of one or more of the enumerated related items.

[0022] Additionally, the terms “comprising” and / or “comprising” should be understood to mean that such features and / or components are present, but not to exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, components, and / or groups thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified or clearly evident from the context to indicate a singular form, the singular in this specification and claims should generally be interpreted to mean “one or more.”

[0023] When it is stated that one component is “connected” or “connected” to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, or that there may be other components in between. On the other hand, when it is stated that one component is “directly connected” or “directly connected” to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

[0024] When elements or layers are referred to as being "on" or "on" another element or layer, it includes not only being directly on top of the other element or layer but also cases where another layer or element is interposed in between. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as being "directly on" or "immediately on," it indicates that no other element or layer is interposed in between.

[0025] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used to easily describe the relationship between one component or other components as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of the element during use or operation, in addition to the directions illustrated in the drawings.

[0026] The objectives and effects of the present invention, and the technical configurations for achieving them, will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of known functions or configurations may unnecessarily obscure the essence of the invention, such detailed description will be omitted. Furthermore, the terms described below are defined considering their functions in the present invention, and these may vary depending on the intentions or conventions of the user or operator.

[0027] However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided merely to make the present invention complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims. Therefore, such definition should be based on the content throughout this specification.

[0028] Various embodiments of the present invention may relate to a greenhouse gas decomposition device (1). A greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) according to one embodiment may decompose greenhouse gases using thermal plasma. The greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) may process various types of greenhouse gases.

[0029] In one embodiment, the greenhouse gas may be a fluorinated greenhouse gas. Fluorinated greenhouse gases may have a high global warming potential (GWP) and may need to undergo an effective decomposition process before being released into the atmosphere. For example, fluorinated greenhouse gases may include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

[0030] The greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) can increase decomposition efficiency by using a reaction promoter. In one embodiment, the reaction promoter may be water vapor. Alternatively, the reaction promoter may be a compound containing oxygen and hydrogen elements. The reaction promoter may be supplied in excess to increase chemical reactivity.

[0031] Inside the plasma reaction tower (10), greenhouse gases can react with plasma and a reaction promoter. Through this reaction, greenhouse gases can be converted into substances such as hydrogen fluoride (HF) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Since the generated hydrogen fluoride may be a hazardous substance, it may need to be safely disposed of.

[0032] For example, hydrofluorocarbons R32(CH₂F₂) and R125(C₂ The decomposition reaction of ) can be expressed as the following chemical formula.

[0033] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0034]

[0035] [Chemical Formula 2]

[0036]

[0037] The greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) can apply various types of plasma technology.

[0038] For example, plasma technology can be argon plasma arc technology. As another example, plasma technology can be nitrogen plasma arc technology. As yet another example, plasma technology can be inductively coupled radio frequency (ICRF) plasma technology. As yet another example, plasma technology can be microwave plasma technology.

[0039] Hereinafter, the configuration of a greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) according to various embodiments of the present invention and the functions of the modules constituting the same will be described in detail.

[0040] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a greenhouse gas decomposition device according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Referring to FIG. 1, the injected greenhouse gas can be decomposed and purified as it passes sequentially through the plasma reaction tower (10) and the absorption tower (20).

[0042] First, greenhouse gases can be injected into a main chamber (120) equipped with a plasma torch (110). The plasma torch (110) can generate high-energy thermal plasma with a temperature of thousands of degrees (°C) or higher. This high-temperature energy can effectively break chemically very stable bonds, such as the carbon-fluorine (CF) bonds of fluorinated greenhouse gases.

[0043] In one embodiment, a reaction promoter may be injected into the main chamber (120) together with greenhouse gas.

[0044] For example, oxygen (O₂) can act as an oxidizing agent by combining with carbon (C) atoms within greenhouse gas molecules to form carbon dioxide (CO₂).

[0045] As another example, water vapor (H₂O) can generate hydroxyl radicals (OH radicals) with strong oxidizing power within the plasma and supply hydrogen to combine with fluorine (F) atoms to form hydrogen fluoride (HF).

[0046] Inside the main chamber (120), greenhouse gas molecules can be broken down into highly reactive particles in the form of ions, radicals, and atoms.

[0047] Subsequently, the decomposed particles can be transferred to a reactor (130). The reactor (130) maintains a high temperature to provide sufficient residence time for the decomposed particles to stably recombine into low-pollution substances. During this process, chemical reactions such as those of Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 can be completed. The sufficient reaction time in the reactor (130) can serve to minimize the emission of undissolved greenhouse gases and suppress the generation of unintended harmful byproducts such as dioxins.

[0048] The high-temperature exhaust gas passing through the reactor (130) can be introduced into the post-reaction cooling section (140). The post-reaction cooling section (140) can perform a quenching function that rapidly lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas. This rapid cooling can effectively prevent harmful by-products from being re-synthesized in a specific temperature range.

[0049] In one embodiment, the post-reaction cooling unit (140) may include a weir chamber (141) and a rapid cooling unit (142).

[0050] The cooled exhaust gas can be introduced into the internal space of the tank (30) through the lower part of the plasma reaction tower (10). Afterwards, the exhaust gas can rise and move to the absorption tower (20). Inside the absorption tower (20), the exhaust gas can come into contact with a treatment solution and be chemically neutralized.

[0051] In one embodiment, the treatment solution may be an alkaline solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.

[0052] Hydrogen fluoride (HF), an acidic gas contained in exhaust gases, can react with an alkaline solution to be converted into low-toxicity solid sodium fluoride (NaF) salt and water.

[0053] Finally, the gas from which all purification processes have been completed can be safely discharged to the outside through the top of the absorption tower (20).

[0054] In one embodiment, the plasma reaction tower (10) may have a modular structure in which a plurality of units are stacked so as to be individually separable. Through this structure, efficiency in maintaining the greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) can be increased.

[0055] For example, each unit, plasma torch (110), main chamber (120), reactor (130), weir chamber (141), and rapid cooling unit (142) installed in the plasma reaction tower (10) may have circular flanges formed around the upper and lower perimeters, and each flange may be joined by a plurality of fastening bolts and nuts. In addition, a gasket may be interposed between the upper and lower corresponding flanges to ensure airtight and corrosion-resistant sealing even in high temperature and high pressure environments.

[0056] In one embodiment, each unit of the plasma reaction tower (10) may have a double-layer structure. The double-layer structure forms a space through which a coolant circulates, thereby protecting the device from the high temperature of the plasma.

[0057] Specifically, with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6, a plurality of units of a modular stacked structure constituting a plasma reaction tower (10) will be described respectively.

[0058] FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a main chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2b is an exploded cross-sectional view of a main chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Referring to FIGS. 2a and 2B, the main chamber (120) may include a housing (200). An inlet (210) connected to a plasma torch (110) may be formed at the top of the housing (200). An outlet (220) connected to a reactor (130) may be formed at the bottom of the housing (200).

[0060] The main chamber (120) may have a double-layered shell structure. The double-layered structure may form a space (201) in which a coolant circulates.

[0061] In one embodiment, a coolant inlet (231) may be formed in the lower part of the housing (200). Additionally, a coolant outlet (232) may be formed in the upper part of the housing (200). The coolant may be introduced through the inlet (231), circulate through the space (201), and be discharged through the outlet (232). This cooling structure can protect the device from the high temperature of the plasma. Referring to FIG. 2a (b), when the main chamber (120) is viewed from above, the valves of the coolant inlet (231) and the outlet (232) may be arranged so that they are in the same position in the circumferential direction.

[0062] In one embodiment, the housing (200) may be made of a rigid material such as stainless steel (STS316L).

[0063] Referring to FIG. 2b, a gas mixing unit (250) may be disposed inside the housing (200). The gas mixing unit (250) may be located at the bottom of the housing (200). The gas mixing unit (250) may mix a greenhouse gas and a reaction promoter and guide the mixed gas toward the outlet (220).

[0064] In one embodiment, the gas mixing section (250) may have a shape in which its cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the upper inlet (251) to the lower outlet (252). For example, the upper part of the gas mixing section (250) may have a shape similar to a generally known conical shape, and the lower part may have a cylindrical shape with a reduced inner diameter.

[0065] In one embodiment, the main chamber (120) may include a plurality of reactant injection units (241, 242). The reactant injection units (241, 242) may supply reactants to a gas mixing unit (250).

[0066] For example, the first reactant injection unit (241) and the second reactant injection unit (242) can each supply different types of reactants. For example, the reactants may include water vapor, water, oxygen, or a hydrogen source. By injecting the reactants in close proximity to the plasma, the mixing performance between the plasma and the reactants can be enhanced. This can have the effect of improving the decomposition efficiency of greenhouse gases.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 2a(b), when the main chamber (120) is viewed from above, the valves of the first reactant injection section (241) and the second reactant injection section (242) may be arranged so as to be in the same position in the circumferential direction. Additionally, the reactant injection / outlet section (241, 242) and the coolant inlet / outlet section (231, 232) may be arranged in different directions or at different angles in the circumferential direction, and may also be arranged radially with respect to the center.

[0068] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 3, the reactor (130) can be coupled to the lower part of the main chamber (120) to provide a high-temperature reaction space. The reactor (130) can extend the reaction time of the gas activated by the plasma to complete the decomposition of unreacted greenhouse gases and the reaction with the reaction promoter.

[0070] The reactor (130) may include a housing (300). An inlet (310) connected to a main chamber (120) may be formed at the top of the housing (300). An outlet (320) connected to a post-reaction cooling unit (140) may be formed at the bottom of the housing (300). In one embodiment, the housing (300) may be made of stainless steel (STS316L).

[0071] The reactor (130) may have a double-layer shell structure. The double-layer structure may form a space (301) in which a coolant circulates. In one embodiment, a coolant inlet (331) may be formed at the bottom of the housing (300). A coolant outlet (332) may be formed at the top of the housing (300).

[0072] A cylindrical ceramic structure (350) may be disposed inside the housing (300). The ceramic structure (350) has heat resistance and thermal shock resistance against high-temperature plasma and can provide a stable reaction space. In one embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may have a tapered shape in which its inner diameter gradually decreases from top to bottom. This shape may have the effect of increasing the residence time of the gas and improving decomposition efficiency. In another embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may have a reversed tapered shape in which its inner diameter gradually decreases from bottom to top. In another embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may be formed from a composite material such as alumina (Al₂O₃) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂).

[0073] An internal space (302) through which gas discharged from the main chamber (120) passes may be formed inside the ceramic structure (350). Additionally, a spaced-apart space (303) may be formed between the inner wall of the housing (300) and the outer wall of the ceramic structure (350).

[0074] In one embodiment, the interspace (303) can function as an insulating layer. In another embodiment, the interspace (303) can be used as a passage for injecting a liquid reactant. In this case, the liquid reactant can be vaporized by the waste heat of the ceramic structure (350), and the vaporized reactant can be used for greenhouse gas decomposition.

[0075] In one embodiment, the reactor (130) may further include a first injection part (341) (or an additional reaction material inlet). The first injection part (341) may be positioned at the top of the housing (300) or at the inlet of the reactor (130) and may inject additional reaction material into the internal space (302) to help complete the reaction. For example, the first injection part (341) may inject the reaction material tangentially into the internal space (302) to increase the mixing efficiency with the gas.

[0076] In another embodiment, the reactor (130) may include a second injection part (342). The second injection part (342) may be positioned at the bottom of the housing (300) and may function as a powder adhesion prevention part. For example, the second injection part (342) may spray nitrogen (N2) gas at a specific angle toward the wall of the internal space (302) to prevent powder from adhering to the wall.

[0077] FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional view of a weir chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4b is a perspective view showing a part of the interior of a weir chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] The weir chamber (141) can perform the function of primarily cooling the high-temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the reactor (130). In addition, the weir chamber (141) can suppress the generation of harmful byproducts such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), prevent damage to the equipment due to large temperature fluctuations, and prevent corrosion caused by corrosive products such as hydrogen fluoride (HF), thereby improving the durability of the device.

[0079] Referring to FIGS. 4a and 4b, the weir chamber (141) may be coupled to the lower part of the reactor (130). The weir chamber (141) may include a housing (400). An inlet (410) connected to the reactor (130) may be formed at the upper part of the housing (400). An outlet (420) connected to a rapid cooling unit (142) may be formed at the lower part of the housing (400).

[0080] The weir chamber (141) may have a double-layered shell structure and may form a space (401) in which a coolant circulates.

[0081] The weir chamber (141) can perform the function of forming a liquid film, also referred to as a water wall, along its inner wall surface (403). The liquid film thus formed can protect the inner wall surface (403) of the housing (400) from high-temperature exhaust gas. In another embodiment, the liquid film prevents particles contained in the exhaust gas from adhering to the inner wall surface (403), thereby ensuring continuous operation of the device.

[0082] To form a liquid film, the weir chamber (141) may include a diffusion nozzle (432) and a rectifier plate (440).

[0083] In one embodiment, the weir chamber (141) may include a liquid inlet (431) at the bottom of the housing (400). A diffusion nozzle (432) may be positioned at the top of the housing (400) and may receive and spray liquid from the liquid inlet (431).

[0084] In another embodiment, the liquid sprayed through the diffusion nozzle (432) may be a treatment solution supplied from the water tank (30) or water or sodium hydroxide supplied from the outside.

[0085] A rectifier plate (440) may be positioned below the diffusion nozzle (432). The rectifier plate (440) may perform the function of uniformly guiding the sprayed liquid to the inner wall surface (403) of the housing (400).

[0086] In one embodiment, the rectifier plate (440) may be formed in the shape of a circular ring.

[0087] In another embodiment, the rectifier plate (440) may include a side wall (441) spaced apart from the inner wall surface (403) of the housing (400). Additionally, the rectifier plate (440) may include an inclined surface (442) that slopes downward from the bottom of the side wall (441) toward the inner wall surface (403).

[0088] The liquid sprayed from the diffusion nozzle (432) can flow down along the inclined surface (442) of the rectification plate (440). Afterwards, the liquid can flow down along the inner wall surface (403) and form a liquid film.

[0089] FIG. 5 may be a cross-sectional view and a plan view of a rapid cooling unit (142) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] The rapid cooling unit (142) can perform the function of rapidly and completely cooling the high-temperature exhaust gas generated during the decomposition process. This rapid cooling maximizes processing efficiency and can effectively transfer by-products, such as water-soluble acidic gas, to a subsequent process.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 5, the rapid cooling unit (142) can be coupled to the lower part of the weir chamber (141). The rapid cooling unit (142) may include a housing (500). An inlet (510) connected to the weir chamber (141) may be formed at the upper part of the housing (500). An outlet (520) connected to the water tank (30) may be formed at the lower part of the housing (500).

[0092] The rapid cooling section (142) may have a double-layered shell structure and may form a space (501) in which a coolant circulates.

[0093] In one embodiment, the rapid cooling unit (142) may include a cooling liquid inlet (531). Additionally, the rapid cooling unit (142) may include a plurality of spray nozzles (532) that receive cooling liquid from the cooling liquid inlet (531) and spray it into the interior.

[0094] In one embodiment, four spray nozzles (532) may be arranged at 90-degree intervals along the circumferential direction. This arrangement allows the cooling liquid to be uniformly sprayed over the entire cross-sectional area through which the exhaust gas passes.

[0095] In another embodiment, the spray nozzle (532) may be a hollow cone type nozzle. For example, each spray nozzle (532) may be positioned at a 90-degree angle with respect to the direction of gas flow and configured to spray the cooling liquid downward. This structure can maximize the rapid cooling effect and minimize the generation of salt that may occur when the exhaust gas is neutralized.

[0096] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a post-reaction cooling section (140) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 6, the post-reaction cooling section (140) may have a structure in which a weir chamber (141) and a rapid cooling section (142) are vertically stacked. The weir chamber (141) may form the upper part of the post-reaction cooling section (140), and the rapid cooling section (142) may be connected to the lower part of the weir chamber (141).

[0098] In this structure, the position of the spray nozzle (532) included in the rapid cooling unit (142) can be set importantly for stable operation of the device.

[0099] In one embodiment, the spray nozzle (532) may be located in an intermediate area based on the total height of the post-reaction cooling section (140). This may be a location that induces effective rapid cooling and stable gas flow regardless of internal structure or shape. For example, the spray nozzle (532) may be located within 40% to 60% of the total height of the post-reaction cooling section (140).

[0100] In another embodiment, this position may be determined by the relative height between the weir chamber (141) and the rapid cooling section (142).

[0101] For example, when the weir chamber (141) has a first height (h1) and the rapid cooling section (142) has a second height (h2), the spray nozzle (532) may be positioned in the upper area of ​​the rapid cooling section (142). In this case, the ratio of the first height (h1) to the second height (h2) may be set so that the spray nozzle (532) is located in the middle area of ​​the total height (h1+h2).

[0102] These layered structures and nozzle arrangements can have significant functional effects.

[0103] When the cooling liquid sprayed from the spray nozzle (532) reacts with the high-temperature exhaust gas, some of the cooling liquid may vaporize to form corrosive vapor. At this time, the weir chamber (141) located above the spray nozzle (532) can function as a buffer or a backflow prevention unit. The weir chamber (141) effectively prevents the vaporized corrosive vapor from flowing back toward the upper reactor (130), thereby increasing the operational stability and corrosion resistance of the device.

[0104] In one embodiment, the liquid film formed on the inner wall surface (403) of the weir chamber (141) can further enhance this backflow prevention effect.

[0105] FIG. 7 may be a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of an absorption tower unit (700) constituting an absorption tower (20).

[0106] The absorption tower (20) illustrated in FIG. 1 may have a structure in which two or more absorption tower units (700) illustrated in FIG. 7 are stacked in series. The absorption tower units (700) can perform the function of removing harmful substances remaining in the exhaust gas and lowering the temperature.

[0107] Referring to FIG. 7, the absorption tower unit (700) can receive exhaust gas through the lower inlet (720). The purified gas can be discharged through the upper outlet (710).

[0108] In one embodiment, a fluoropolymer (ETFE) coating layer may be formed on the inner surface of the absorption tower unit (700) to increase durability.

[0109] A liquid injection unit (730) may be placed on the upper part of the absorption tower unit (700).

[0110] The liquid injection unit (730) may include a treatment solution inlet (731) and a full cone spray nozzle (732) connected to the inlet (731). The treatment solution inlet (731) may be connected to a water tank (30) to receive the treatment solution. The full cone spray nozzle (732) may spray the supplied treatment solution in a full manner toward the lower polling layer (740).

[0111] Multiple polling layers (740) may be arranged inside the absorption tower unit (700).

[0112] The poling layer (740) can serve to increase the efficiency of the neutralization reaction by maximizing the contact area between the gas and the liquid.

[0113] In one embodiment, two poling layers (740) may be arranged vertically spaced apart. A space (750) may be formed between the two poling layers (740). This multi-stage structure can minimize the channeling phenomenon of the gas.

[0114] The polling layer (740) may have an internal space (741) in which a filler is filled.

[0115] In one embodiment, the filler may be a Pall Ring made of a material that is not corroded by the treatment solution (e.g., polypropylene).

[0116] In one embodiment, the poling layer (740) may include a pair of porous support plates (742) for supporting the filler.

[0117] The porous support plate (742) can be placed at the upper and lower portions of the internal space (741), respectively. The porous support plate (742) may be in the shape of a plate with multiple holes formed therein. This porous structure can increase reaction efficiency by maximizing interference with the flow of gas and liquid.

[0118] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic flow path of a greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0119] Referring to FIG. 8, the tank (30) can store the treatment solution and function as a hub for managing the fluid flow of the entire system.

[0120] In one embodiment, the treatment solution may be a strong base solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.

[0121] In one embodiment, the water tank (30) may be made of stainless steel (STS316L).

[0122] In one embodiment, a fluoropolymer (ETFE) coating layer may be formed on the inner surface of the water tank (30) to increase durability.

[0123] The greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) may include a treatment solution circulation system.

[0124] In one embodiment, the treatment solution circulation system may include a plurality of first pumps (801, 802). The first pumps (801, 802) can supply the treatment solution of the water tank (30) to a part of the plasma reaction tower (10) and the absorption tower (20).

[0125] For example, the treatment solution can be supplied to the weir chamber (141) and the rapid cooling unit (142) to cool and neutralize the exhaust gas.

[0126] As another example, the treatment solution can be supplied to an absorption tower (20) to remove residual harmful substances.

[0127] The treatment solution supplied to each unit can be returned to the water tank (30) after being used internally. This circulation structure can have the effect of minimizing wastewater generation by reusing the treatment solution.

[0128] The greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) may include a cooling water circulation system.

[0129] In one embodiment, the cooling water circulation system may include a second pump (803). The second pump (803) may supply separate cooling water to various components of the system.

[0130] In one embodiment, the cooling water may be supplied to a heat exchanger (810) placed inside the water tank (30). The heat exchanger (810) may serve to maintain the temperature of the treatment solution inside the water tank (30) within a range suitable for the reaction, for example, 50°C or lower.

[0131] For example, the heat exchanger (810) may have a tube structure composed of multiple sets, thereby maximizing cooling efficiency.

[0132] In another embodiment, cooling water may be supplied to the double-layer structure of the plasma reaction tower (10). For example, cooling water may circulate through the double-layer structure of the main chamber (120) and the reactor (130) to protect the device from the high temperature of the plasma.

[0133] The circulation paths of these treatment solutions and cooling water can be formed through the coolant inlet (231) and outlet (232) of the main chamber (120) described above, the coolant inlet (331) and outlet (332) of the reactor (130), the liquid inlet (431) of the weir chamber (141), the cooling liquid inlet (531) of the rapid cooling unit (142), and the treatment solution inlet (731) of the absorption tower unit (700).

[0134] In one embodiment, the water tank (30) may include an observation window (820) on its side for observing the interior. The observation window (820) may be used to clean the interior during maintenance or to manage the heat exchanger (810).

[0135] In one embodiment, the tank (30) may be connected to a control system that automatically controls the water level or pH concentration of the treatment solution. This automatic control system can minimize operator error and increase the stability of the process.

[0136] A greenhouse gas decomposition method according to one embodiment of the present invention may be performed by a control system (not shown) including the following steps.

[0137] First, the system preparation phase can be performed.

[0138] At this stage, the control system can operate the chiller and open the cooling water supply valve to circulate cooling water throughout the system. At this time, the control system can check the pressure, flow rate, and temperature of the cooling water. Additionally, the control system can check the water level of the treatment solution in the water tank (30) and operate the first pump (801, 802) to allow the treatment solution to circulate to the weir chamber (141), the rapid cooling section (142), and the absorption tower (20).

[0139] Next, a plasma ignition step can be performed.

[0140] At this stage, the control system can operate the fan in the exhaust line to maintain the inside of the device at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, the control system can power the plasma torch (110) and preheat it. The control system can supply a gas for plasma generation, such as nitrogen (N2), and ignite the plasma.

[0141] Subsequently, greenhouse gas injection and decomposition steps may be performed.

[0142] Once the plasma is stabilized, the control system can inject reaction promoters, such as water vapor or oxygen, to increase decomposition efficiency. Subsequently, the control system can quantitatively inject greenhouse gases through a mass flow controller (MFC). The control system can adjust the output of the plasma according to the flow rate of the injected greenhouse gases.

[0143] Finally, a monitoring step can be performed while the device is operating.

[0144] In one embodiment, the control system can monitor the DC current, DC voltage, cooling water temperature, and exhaust gas temperature of the plasma.

[0145] In another embodiment, the control system can check the pH concentration and temperature of the wastewater discharged from the water tank (30).

[0146] In another embodiment, the control system can calculate and record the decomposition rate of greenhouse gases in real time using a gas analysis system.

[0147] The following may be one specific example for verifying the effects of the present invention.

[0148] In one embodiment, the decomposition rate of greenhouse gases can be calculated by measuring the concentration and flow rate of the input gas and the exhaust gas.

[0149] First, the concentration of R410a gas introduced into the reactor (130) can be measured.

[0150] [Table 1] below shows one result of measuring the concentrations of R-125 (C₂HF) and R-32 (CH₂F₂), which are components of the input gas, in real time using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

[0151] [Table 1] Results of Injection Gas Concentration Measurement

[0152]

[0153] [Table 1] can show that the concentrations of R-125 and R-32 introduced into the reactor are very high, in the hundreds of thousands of ppm range.

[0154] Next, the concentration of undissolved greenhouse gases in the gas discharged after passing through the reactor (130) can be measured.

[0155] [Table 2] below shows one result of measuring the concentration of exhaust gas in real time using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

[0156] [Table 2] Results of exhaust gas concentration measurement

[0157]

[0158] [Table 2] can show that after passing through the greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of undecomposed R-125 decreases rapidly to the level of tens of ppm, and the concentration of R-32 decreases to a level where it is almost undetectable (0 ppm). This indicates that the present invention has the ability to process high concentrations of greenhouse gases.

[0159] A control system (not shown) can finally calculate the greenhouse gas decomposition rate based on the data in [Table 1] and [Table 2] and the respective flow rate measurements. For example, a significantly lower emission concentration compared to the input concentration may experimentally prove that the greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) of the present invention can achieve a very high decomposition efficiency (Destruction and Removal Efficiency, DRE) of 99.99% or higher.

[0160] In another embodiment of the present invention, the greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) may further include additional components for a subsequent process. In one embodiment, the greenhouse gas decomposition device (1) may further include an additional absorption scrubbing device disposed at the rear end of the absorption tower (20). This allows the concentration of harmful substances in the final exhaust gas to be further reduced.

[0161] Next, the specific structure of the reactor (130) will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13.

[0162] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a reactor (130) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 9, the reactor (130) may include a housing (300) which is a pipe-shaped body. An inlet (310) may be formed at one end of the housing (300) to receive a reaction gas pyrolyzed by plasma. An outlet (320) may be formed at the other end of the housing (300) to receive the reaction gas. In one embodiment, the housing (300) may have a cylindrical shape for uniform pressure distribution and fluid flow. In another embodiment, the housing (300) may have a polygonal cross-section according to specific design requirements.

[0164] The housing (300) may have a double-layer structure for coolant circulation and may form a cooling space (301) inside. A cylindrical ceramic structure (350) may be disposed inside the housing (300). Inside the ceramic structure (350), an internal space (302) through which a reaction gas passes may be formed.

[0165] Additionally, a spaced-apart space (303) may be formed between the inner wall of the housing (300) and the outer wall of the ceramic structure (350). The spaced-apart space (303) can be utilized for various functions.

[0166] In one embodiment, the interspace (303) can function as an insulating layer by filling it with air or an inert gas. This minimizes the transfer of high temperatures from the internal space (302) to the housing (300).

[0167] In another embodiment, the interspace (303) can function as a preheating passage for vaporizing a liquid reactant. For example, a liquid reactant can be injected into the interspace (303), and the radiant and conductive heat of the ceramic structure (350) heated by plasma can efficiently vaporize the liquid reactant. The gaseous reactant thus produced can be used for greenhouse gas decomposition.

[0168] FIG. 10 may be a drawing illustrating various installation directions and shapes of a ceramic structure (350) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0169] Referring to FIG. 10, the ceramic structure (350) may have a tapered shape in which its inner wall is inclined along the height direction. This shape may change the flow rate and pressure of the gas passing through the reactor (130) and serve to control the reaction kinetics.

[0170] In one embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may include a first portion (351) with a relatively wide inner diameter and a second portion (352) with a narrow inner diameter. In another embodiment, the slope of the inner wall may be in the form of a straight tapered shape. In another embodiment, the slope of the inner wall may have a curved or stepped shape.

[0171] In one embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may be installed such that a first portion (351) with a wide inner diameter is close to the upper inlet (310). This shape causes the flow path to gradually narrow as the gas moves downward inside the reactor (130), thereby increasing the residence time of the gas and improving the decomposition efficiency.

[0172] In another embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may be installed in reverse such that the second part (352), which has a narrow inner diameter, is close to the upper inlet (310). Since the high-temperature plasma acts most strongly mainly near the inlet (310), wear may occur intensively at the upper part of the ceramic structure (350). In this case, durability against wear can be ensured by positioning the second part (352), which is the thickest part, at the top. Therefore, even if the inner diameter of the second part (352) expands slightly due to long-term operation, the ceramic structure (350) can continue to perform its intended function. This can have the effect of extending the replacement cycle of the ceramic structure (350) and increasing the convenience of maintenance.

[0173] In one embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may be formed from a composite material of alumina (Al₂O₃) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂). In another embodiment, the ceramic structure (350) may be formed from other types of ceramic materials having high heat resistance and chemical resistance, such as silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), silicon carbide (SiC), or zirconia (ZrO₂). In another embodiment, the inner wall surface of the ceramic structure (350) may be coated with a catalytic material that promotes a decomposition reaction.

[0174] Next, with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13, the specific structure of the purging block provided at the bottom of the reactor (130) will be described in detail.

[0175] The reactor (130) may further include a purging block positioned between the ceramic structure (350) and the outlet (320). The purging block may perform the function of injecting purge gas to remove byproducts that may be attached to the ends of the ceramic structure (350).

[0176] In one embodiment, the purging block may include an inner ring (360) and an outer ring (370) that surrounds the outside of the inner ring (360).

[0177] The outer ring (370) can be coupled to the bottom of the housing (300) and connected to a second injection part (342) for supplying purge gas. The outer ring (370) can cooperate with the inner ring (360) to form an external passage communicating with the second injection part (342).

[0178] Referring to FIG. 12, the inner ring (360) may include an opening (362) in the center. The inner ring (360) may have a plurality of injection passages (365) formed therein that communicate with the outer passage and spray purge gas toward the opening (362).

[0179] In one embodiment, the injection passage (365) may be in the form of a circular hole. In another embodiment, the injection passage (365) may be in the form of a slit. The cross-section of the hole or slit may have various shapes, such as square or circular.

[0180] In one embodiment, a plurality of injection passages (365) may be formed in a radial direction toward the center of the inner ring (360). In another embodiment, a plurality of injection passages (365) may be formed at an angle with respect to the radial direction.

[0181] Through this structure, the purge gas supplied from the second injection section (342) can be injected in the direction of the opening (362) through a plurality of injection passages (365) via an external passage. In particular, when the injection passages (365) are formed at an angle, rotational force is imparted to the injected purge gas to form a strong vortex. This vortex can effectively remove powder that may be attached to the bottom (353) of the ceramic structure (350).

[0182] In another embodiment, an additional reaction material inlet (e.g., a first injection port (341)) may be further installed near the inlet (310) of the reactor (130) to increase reaction efficiency.

[0183] The present invention relates to a greenhouse gas decomposition device, and more specifically, to a greenhouse gas decomposition device having an improved structure that efficiently decomposes greenhouse gases using plasma and stably purifies and cools the exhaust gas generated during the decomposition process.

[0184] The greenhouse gas decomposition device according to the present invention is largely composed of a water tank, a plasma reaction tower, and an absorption tower.

[0185] The water tank is located at the bottom of the device and serves to store a treatment solution for purifying the exhaust gases generated after the decomposition of greenhouse gases.

[0186] The plasma reaction tower and the absorption tower are respectively positioned at the top of the aforementioned tank. The plasma reaction tower is a core component that decomposes incoming greenhouse gases into high-temperature plasma to generate exhaust gases, while the absorption tower is responsible for finally purifying the exhaust gases from the plasma reaction tower using the treatment solution in the tank.

[0187] In particular, the plasma reaction tower is characterized by a modular design that maximizes ease of maintenance and assembly. This tower features a structure in which three functionally distinct units—the main chamber, the reactor, and the post-reaction cooling unit—are vertically stacked.

[0188] A plasma torch that generates plasma is installed in the main chamber located at the very top.

[0189] A reactor is coupled to the lower part of the main chamber, providing a reaction space where greenhouse gases are fully decomposed by plasma.

[0190] A post-reaction cooling unit is connected to the bottom of the reactor to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas, reaching thousands of degrees, to a stable temperature.

[0191] These main chambers, reactors, and post-reaction cooling units are each manufactured as independent units and can be separated individually. Each unit is designed with a double-layer structure (double-jacket structure) to form a space between its walls through which the coolant can circulate. This prevents the tower from overheating and ensures stable operation.

[0192] Looking at the gas flow, the exhaust gas discharged after decomposition and cooling in the plasma reaction tower first enters the water tank through the bottom of the tower. The exhaust gas passes through the treatment solution in the water tank, where it is primarily cooled and purified, then rises again and is introduced into the absorption tower. In the absorption tower, it is finally purified through sufficient contact with the treatment solution and then discharged to the outside.

[0193] The cooling section after the above reaction may include an efficient structure for rapidly quenching the high-temperature exhaust gas. Specifically, a plurality of cooling liquid injection nozzles are arranged along the circumferential direction at an intermediate height inside the cooling section. By directly injecting the cooling liquid through these nozzles, the contact area with the high-temperature gas is maximized, and cooling efficiency is increased.

[0194] As a more specific structure, the post-reaction cooling section can be divided into an upper weir chamber and a lower quenching section. In this case, multiple injection nozzles are concentrated at the top of the quenching section, designed so that the gas passing through the weir chamber encounters a powerful injection of cooling liquid the moment it enters the quenching section.

[0195] Additionally, a separate diffusion nozzle may be installed at the top of the weir chamber. The liquid sprayed from this diffusion nozzle flows down along the inner wall of the weir chamber, forming a thin liquid film. This liquid film protects the inner wall of the chamber from high-temperature gases while simultaneously providing a primary contact cooling effect.

[0196] The above-mentioned tank may include additional components to enhance the efficiency and stability of the device. Heat exchange tubes are installed inside the tank to effectively cool the treatment solution, whose temperature has risen due to contact with high-temperature exhaust gases and purification reactions. Additionally, an observation window is provided on the side of the tank to allow an operator to easily and visually check the water level or condition of the treatment solution inside the tank from the outside.

[0197] The present invention can integrate a cooling system to simplify the system configuration and increase energy efficiency. Specifically, a portion of the treatment solution stored in the tank can be drawn up via a pump and supplied as a coolant to the double-layer structure of the plasma reaction tower and absorption tower. Since the treatment solution, which has already been cooled by the heat exchange tubes of the tank, is recycled, cooling of the entire device is possible without a separate cooling water supply system.

[0198] To ensure the durability and chemical resistance of the device, it is desirable to manufacture key components such as the plasma reaction tower, absorption tower, and water tank using stainless steel (e.g., STS316L) with excellent corrosion resistance. In particular, corrosion resistance can be further enhanced by additionally forming a fluoropolymer (e.g., ETFE) coating layer on the inner surface of the water tank, where highly corrosive substances may be generated.

[0199] As previously explained, each unit of the plasma reaction tower (main chamber, reactor, and post-reaction cooling unit) is assembled in a modular fashion. Circular flanges for fastening are formed around the top and bottom perimeters of each unit. When assembling two adjacent units, a gasket is inserted between the flanges to ensure airtightness, and the units are then securely fastened using multiple bolts and nuts. This flange connection method facilitates disassembly and assembly, significantly improving the efficiency of maintenance operations.

[0200] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described above, the components of the greenhouse gas decomposition device included in the present disclosure are expressed in a singular or plural form according to the specific embodiments presented. However, the singular or plural expression of the components is selected to suit the situation presented for convenience of explanation, and the present disclosure is not limited to a singular or plural component, and even a component expressed in the plural may be composed of a singular form, or even a component expressed in the singular form may be composed of a plural form.

[0201] Meanwhile, although specific embodiments have been described in the detailed description of the present disclosure, it is understood that various modifications are possible within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims set forth below as well as equivalents thereof.

[0202] The description of the presented embodiments is provided so that any person skilled in the art may use or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments presented herein, but should be interpreted in the broadest possible scope consistent with the principles and novel features presented herein.

Claims

Claim 1 A reactor included in a greenhouse gas decomposition device comprises: a pipe-shaped housing; an inlet installed at one end of the housing, into which reaction gas pyrolyzed by a plasma torch is introduced; and an outlet installed at the other end of the housing, into which the reaction gas is discharged. A reactor comprising: a cylindrical ceramic structure installed within the housing; wherein a spaced interspace is formed between the inner wall of the housing and the outer wall of the ceramic structure, and the inner wall of the cylindrical ceramic structure is inclined along the height direction such that the inner diameter of one end is smaller than the inner diameter of the other end, and a purging block for injecting purge gas to remove by-products attached to the lower end of the ceramic structure is coupled to the bottom of the housing between the ceramic structure and the outlet, and the purging block includes a plurality of injection passages spaced apart along the circumference of the ceramic structure so that the purge gas is injected toward the bottom of the ceramic structure, wherein the plurality of injection passages are inclined with respect to the radical direction of the ceramic structure, and a first injection part for injecting a liquid reaction material into the interspace is disposed at the top of the housing, and the liquid reaction material injected into the first injection part is configured to vaporize in the interspace by the waste heat of the ceramic structure. Claim 2 A reactor according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic structure is characterized in that the end with a smaller inner diameter is positioned close to the inlet. Claim 3 A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing has a double-layer structure for coolant circulation and is configured such that the inner wall of the housing and the outer wall of the ceramic structure are spaced apart. Claim 4 A reactor according to claim 1, wherein the purging block comprises: an inner ring having a central opening and a plurality of slits formed therein, spaced apart along the circumference around the central opening and extending toward the central opening; and an outer ring that surrounds the outside of the inner ring and is coupled to the bottom of the housing; wherein the outer ring surrounds the inner ring so that the outer openings of the plurality of slits are closed to form the plurality of injection passages, and the outer ring forms an outer passage that communicates with the plurality of injection passages in cooperation with the inner ring, and the outer ring further comprises a second injection part formed therein that communicates with the outer passage and injects the purging gas. Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete Claim 7 A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional reaction material inlet is further installed at the inlet of the reactor.

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