Magnetic field adjustable motors and vehicles

Abstract

The present application relates to a magnetic field adjustable motor and a vehicle. An excitation ring assembly of a magnetic field adjustable motor comprises an excitation ring and an excitation winding, wherein the excitation ring has an outer wall and an inner wall, and the excitation winding is installed between the outer wall and the inner wall; an excitation rotor of a magnetic field adjustable motor comprises a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnet bodies, wherein the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole matching portion, a second magnetic pole matching portion, and a first magnetic pole forming area and a second magnetic pole forming area that are alternately installed along the circumferential direction, wherein the first magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming area, and the second magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming area, and the plurality of first permanent magnet bodies correspond to the first magnetic pole forming area and the second magnetic pole forming area, so as to form a first magnetic pole in the first magnetic pole forming area and a second magnetic pole in the second magnetic pole forming area; the outer wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole matching portion to form a second air gap, and the inner wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole matching portion to form a third air gap.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202210524253.3, titled "Magnetic field adjustable motor and vehicle," filed with the Chinese Intellectual Property Office on May 13, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated into this application by reference.

[0002] This application relates to vehicle technology, but is not limited thereto, and in particular to magnetic field-adjustable motors and vehicles. Background Technology

[0003] Permanent magnet motors are receiving increasing attention due to their characteristics such as high torque density, high efficiency, lightweight design, and miniaturization, and are widely used in various fields. However, the air gap magnetic field of a permanent magnet motor (i.e., the magnetic field of the first air gap between the rotor and the stator) is provided by the permanent magnet steel and remains almost constant, making it difficult to control and thus limiting the further development and application of permanent magnet motors. Accordingly, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in-depth research on motors capable of controlling the air gap magnetic field.

[0004] In recent years, scholars have successively introduced various new magnetic field control motors with different structures, such as split-pole, coupled rotor, independent magnetic circuit, and double salient pole types, and have conducted extensive in-depth research on the structure, operating principles, and magnetic circuit characteristics of the motors.

[0005] Since magnetic field-tunable motors allow for air gap magnetic field control, they can provide higher output torque when high torque is required at low speeds. In high-speed operating ranges, they offer high efficiency by conserving the weak magnetic currents typically associated with magnetic field control in permanent magnet motors. Additionally, magnetic field-tunable motors can operate while maintaining electrostatic power over a wider speed range. They are particularly suitable for applications involving electrostatic power, wide-speed control, and constant voltage generation, and hold broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace, wind power, and electric vehicles.

[0006] Therefore, how a magnetic field-tunable motor can better realize the advantages of low speed high torque, high speed high efficiency, and a wide electrostatic operating range is a technical problem that engineers in the field always seek to solve. The background technology of the present invention is disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. 114389422 (published April 22, 2022, Salient-pole Hybrid Excitation Motor).

[0007] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail in the main text. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the patent claims.

[0008] The magnetic field adjustable motor provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an excitation rotor, and an excitation ring assembly, wherein the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation rotor, and the excitation ring assembly are all located within the housing, the permanent magnet rotor is installed radially inside the stator, and a first air gap is provided between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the excitation ring assembly is installed on an end wall of the housing, and the excitation rotor is installed between the excitation ring assembly and the permanent magnet rotor; the excitation ring assembly comprises an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring has an outer wall and an inner wall, and the excitation winding is installed between the outer wall and the inner wall; The above female rotor comprises a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnets, wherein the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic field matching portion, a second magnetic field matching portion, and a first magnetic field forming area and a second magnetic field forming area that are alternately installed along the circumferential direction, wherein the first magnetic field matching portion corresponds to the first magnetic field forming area and the second magnetic field matching portion corresponds to the second magnetic field forming area, and the plurality of first permanent magnets are installed in the rotor core corresponding to the first magnetic field forming area and the second magnetic field forming area to form a first magnetic field in the first magnetic field forming area and a second magnetic field in the second magnetic field forming area; wherein the outer wall corresponds to the first magnetic field matching portion to form a second air gap, and the inner wall corresponds to the second magnetic field matching portion to form a third air gap.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the outer wall is located on the radial inner side of the first stimulus fitting part, the second air gap is located between the radial outer surface of the outer wall and the radial inner surface of the first stimulus fitting part, the inner wall is located on the radial inner side of the second stimulus fitting part, the third air gap is located between the radial outer surface of the inner wall and the radial inner surface of the second stimulus fitting part, the first permanent magnet body includes a tangential permanent magnet steel, and the tangential permanent magnet steel is installed between the first stimulus forming region and the second stimulus forming region.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the first stimulation forming region and the second stimulation forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the inner ring wall protrudes toward the rotor core relative to the outer ring wall, the first stimulation fitting is installed on the end surface of the first stimulation forming region, and the second stimulation fitting is installed on the radial inner surface of the second stimulation forming region.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the outer wall and the first magnetic fitting part are opposite each other in the axial direction of the housing, and the second air gap is located between the end surface of the outer wall and the end surface of the first magnetic fitting part, the inner wall and the second magnetic fitting part are opposite each other in the axial direction of the housing, and the third air gap is located between the end surface of the inner wall and the end surface of the second magnetic fitting part, and the first permanent magnet body includes a first radial permanent magnet steel and is located inside a region surrounded by a plurality of the first radial permanent magnet steels, corresponding one-to-one with the first magnetic forming region and the second magnetic forming region in the circumferential direction of the housing.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, a magnetic separation structure is installed on the radial inner side of the first stimulation forming region, and an over-excitation structure is installed on the radial inner side of the second stimulation forming region.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the first stimulation forming region and the second stimulation forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the first stimulation fitting is installed on the end surface of the first stimulation forming region, and the second stimulation fitting is installed on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly and is located radially inner to the first stimulation forming region and the second stimulation forming region.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the end surface of the first stimulus fitting part may or may not be in the same plane as the end surface of the second stimulus fitting part, and the end surface of the inner wall may or may not be in the same plane as the end surface of the outer wall.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the first stimulation alignment part includes a first stimulation protrusion, and the second stimulation alignment part includes a second stimulation protrusion.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the permanent magnet rotor comprises a permanent magnet rotor core and a second permanent magnet body, wherein the second permanent magnet body is installed in the permanent magnet rotor core, the second permanent magnet body is a second radial permanent magnet steel, and a magnetic separation structure is installed at the location where the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are located at the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet steel.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the female ring assembly and the female rotor are both included in two, the permanent magnet rotor is positioned between the two female rotors, and the two female rotors are positioned between the two female ring assemblies.

[0018] A vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a magnetic field adjustable motor according to any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the present application are described in the following description and are partially apparent from the specification or understood through the practice of the present application. Other advantages of the present application may be achieved by implementing them through the methods described in the specification and the accompanying drawings.

[0020] After reading and understanding the attached drawings and detailed explanations, you can understand other aspects. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a magnetic field adjustable motor according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the permanent magnet rotor of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the female rotor of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the female ring assembly of Figure 1. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the female rotor main flux path. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the female rotor leakage flux path. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main magnetic flux path of a permanent magnet rotor. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic field strengthening flux path of the female rotor. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic flux path of the female rotor magnetic field reduction. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a magnetic field adjustable motor according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the female rotor of Figure 10. Figure 12 is a structural diagram of the female ring assembly of Figure 10. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0022] Although this application describes a plurality of embodiments, this description is illustrative and not limiting. To more clearly understand the purpose, technical design, and advantages of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to explain that the embodiments of this application and the features of the embodiments may be combined arbitrarily with one another unless there is a conflict.

[0023] As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, the magnetic field adjustable motor provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor (300), an excitation rotor (400), and an excitation ring assembly (500); the stator, the permanent magnet rotor (300), the excitation rotor (400), and the excitation ring assembly (500) are all located within the housing; the permanent magnet rotor (300) is installed on the radial inner side of the stator; a first air gap (610) is provided between the permanent magnet rotor (300) and the stator; the excitation ring assembly (500) is installed on the end wall of the housing; and the excitation rotor (400) is installed between the excitation ring assembly (500) and the permanent magnet rotor (300); The female ring assembly (500) includes a female ring (510) and a female winding (520), the female ring (510) is provided with an outer wall (511) and an inner wall (512), and the female winding (520) is installed between the outer wall (511) and the inner wall (512); the female rotor (400) includes a rotor core (410) and a plurality of first permanent magnet bodies, and the rotor core (410) is provided with a first magnetic field matching part, a second magnetic field matching part, and a first magnetic field forming area and a second magnetic field forming area that are alternately installed along the circumferential direction, the first magnetic field matching part corresponds to the first magnetic field forming area, and the second magnetic field matching part corresponds to the second magnetic field forming area, and a plurality of first permanent magnet bodies are installed in the rotor core (410) corresponding to the first magnetic field forming area and the second magnetic field forming area, so as to form a first magnetic field in the first magnetic field forming area and a second magnetic field in the second magnetic field forming area; Here, the outer wall (511) corresponds to the first stimulation fitting part, and a second air gap (620) is provided between the outer wall (511) and the first stimulation fitting part, and the inner wall (512) corresponds to the second stimulation fitting part, and a third air gap (630) is formed between the inner wall (512) and the second stimulation fitting part.

[0024] In the case of this magnetic field adjustable motor, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet body of the excitation rotor (400) and the permanent magnet rotor (300) generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field by the current of the excitation winding (520) of the excitation ring assembly (500), and by determining the magnetic field strengthening and magnetic field extinguishing according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding (520) (i.e., the magnitude and direction of the regulating magnetic field), the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field can be realized, and the advantages of low speed high torque, high speed high efficiency, and a wide electrostatic power operating range can be better realized.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the outer wall (511) is located on the radial inner side of the first magnetic matching part, the second air gap (620) is located between the radial outer surface of the outer wall (511) and the radial inner surface of the first magnetic matching part, the inner wall (512) is located on the radial inner side of the second magnetic matching part, the third air gap (630) is located between the radial outer surface of the inner wall (512) and the radial inner surface of the second magnetic matching part, the first permanent magnet body is a tangential permanent magnet steel (420), and the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) is installed between the first magnetic forming region and the second magnetic forming region. Both the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) are radial air gaps. In the circumferential direction of the housing, one end of the first permanent magnet body is the first magnetic pole and the other end is the second magnetic pole, and the arrangement of the two tangential permanent magnet steels (420) adjacent in the circumferential direction is such that the N poles face each other and the S poles face each other, that is, the polarity of the permanent magnet bodies on both sides of each magnetic pole is the same. The circumferential direction, axial direction, and radial direction are all based on the housing.

[0026] In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the first stimulation forming area is the first boss (411) and the second stimulation forming area is the second boss (412), both the first boss (411) and the second boss (412) are located on the side facing the excitation ring assembly (500) of the rotor core (410), the inner ring wall (512) protrudes toward the rotor core (410) relative to the outer ring wall (511), the first stimulation fitting part is the first stimulation protrusion (413), and the second stimulation fitting part is the second stimulation protrusion (414), the first stimulation protrusion (413) is installed on the end surface of the first boss (411), and the second stimulation protrusion (414) is installed on the radial inner surface of the second boss (412). The first boss (411) and the second boss (412) can be formed by pressing with a soft magnetic composite material, or by processing with a magnetically conductive material such as No. 10 steel, or by laminating with silicon steel sheets, or by overlapping with various materials as described above, all of which are simple and convenient to manufacture and have low costs. The rotor core (410) can be formed by laminating with No. 10 steel and silicon steel sheets, forming a 3D axial magnetic circuit and a 2D axial magnetic circuit that are connected and conductive, and can eliminate eddy current effects by fully utilizing the lamination of silicon steel sheets.

[0027] In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, there are two excitation ring assemblies (500) and two excitation rotors (400), and a permanent magnet rotor (300) is positioned between the two excitation rotors (400), and the two excitation rotors (400) are positioned between the two excitation ring assemblies (500), so that an auxiliary regulating magnetic field can be better generated by the current of the excitation winding (520), and the regulation and control of the main magnetic field can be realized by determining magnetic field strengthening and magnetic field cancellation according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding (520), and the advantages of low speed high torque, high speed high efficiency, and a wide electrostatic power operating range can be better realized.

[0028] In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet rotor (300) includes a permanent magnet rotor core (310) and a plurality of second permanent magnet bodies, and the plurality of second permanent magnet bodies are sequentially installed in the permanent magnet rotor core (310) along the circumferential direction, and the second permanent magnet bodies are second radial permanent magnet steels (320), and the magnetic poles of the radial outer ends of adjacent second radial permanent magnet steels (320) are different from each other, and the magnetic poles of the radial inner ends are different from each other, and a magnetic separation structure (640) is installed at the location where the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) are located, and the magnetic separation structure (640) can be installed as a magnetic separation groove. The second radial permanent magnet steel (320) can be set as a V-shaped permanent magnet steel, a double V-shaped permanent magnet steel, or a U-shaped permanent magnet steel, and the permanent magnet rotor core (310) is formed by stamping and laminating through silicon steel sheets. The permanent magnet rotor (300) can utilize the magnetic resistance torque more fully by using a double V-shaped permanent magnet steel architecture.

[0029] The main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet body of the excitation rotor (400) and the second permanent magnet body of the permanent magnet rotor (300) generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field by the current of the excitation winding (520) of the excitation ring assembly (500), and by determining the magnetic field strengthening and magnetic field extinguishing according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding (520) (i.e., the magnitude and direction of the regulating magnetic field), the regulation and control of the main magnetic field can be realized, and the advantages of low speed high torque, high speed high efficiency, and a wide electrostatic power operating range can be better realized.

[0030] In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the housing includes a cabinet (110), a first end cap (120), and a second end cap (130) assembled together. The stator includes a stator core (210), a first end winding (220), a stator winding (230), and a second end winding (240) installed on the stator core (210). The permanent magnet rotor (300) and the excitation rotor (400) are both installed on a rotation axis (710), and a bearing (720) and a wave spring (730) are installed between the rotation axis (710) and the first end cap (120) and between the rotation axis (710) and the second end cap (130).

[0031] The excitation ring assembly (500) fully utilizes the space at both ends of the stator winding (230) within the housing, and the manufactured magnetic field adjustable motor has a compact structure, effectively improves the space utilization rate of the magnetic field adjustable motor, enables obtaining more output using a minimum volume, and helps improve the power density and torque density of the magnetic field adjustable motor. In addition, the excitation winding (520) is fixed to the excitation ring (510), and the two excitation rings (510) are fixed correspondingly to the first end cap (120) and the second end cap (130), thereby increasing the reliability of the magnetic field adjustable motor without brushes and slip rings. In addition, the rotor core (410) and the excitation ring (510) can be manufactured using different materials and processes, for example, the rotor core (410) is manufactured by laminating silicon steel sheets, and silicon steel sheets have low iron loss under low frequency; The female ring (510) is manufactured by direct compression molding of a soft magnetic composite material, and the manufacturing method is simple, convenient, and low cost. The soft magnetic composite material has low iron loss under high frequency and helps to balance and improve efficiency within the entire rotational speed range.

[0032] In the following, the case where the first stimulus is the North Pole and the second stimulus is the South Pole will be explained in detail using an example. Alternatively, the purpose of this application may be realized by making the first stimulus the South Pole and the second stimulus the North Pole; the gist thereof does not depart from the design concept of this disclosure and is not further explained herein, and must also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] When the female winding (520) is not energized, a portion of the permanent magnet flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) of the female rotor (400) starts from one side (N pole) and passes through the first boss (411). As shown in FIG. 5, it passes through the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, and the first air gap (610) to reach the adjacent second boss (412), and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) to form a closed-loop magnetic circuit. Another part of the permanent magnet flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) starts from one side (N pole) and passes through the first boss (411), and the flux path reaches the second boss (412) through the first magnetic pole protrusion (413), the second air gap (620), the outer wall (511), the inner wall (512), the third air gap (630), and the second magnetic pole protrusion (414), as shown in FIG. 6, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) to form a closed loop of the magnetic circuit.

[0034] When the female winding (520) is not energized, the magnetic flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) of the permanent magnet rotor (300) starts through the first magnetic pole (321) at the radial outer end of the second radial permanent magnet steel (320). As shown in FIG. 7, some of it passes through the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, and the first air gap (610) to reach the second magnetic pole (322) at the radial outer end of the adjacent second radial permanent magnet steel (320), and then passes through the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor (300) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop; The other part passes through the first boss (411), the first magnetic protrusion (413), the second air gap (620), the outer wall (511), the inner wall (512), the third air gap (630), and the second magnetic protrusion (414) to reach the second boss (412), and then passes through the second magnetic pole of the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) and the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor (300) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop (not shown).

[0035] Since the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) belongs to the leakage flux, the magnetic flux path passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) is a leakage flux path. The magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610) participates in external energy conversion and outputs torque to the outside, while the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) (i.e., leakage flux) does not participate in external energy conversion and does not output torque to the outside. Here, if necessary, the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) are both adjusted and set to be smaller than the first air gap (610), and according to the principle of minimum magnetic resistance, a relatively large portion of the permanent magnet flux is closed through the leakage flux path. Alternatively, the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) may be adjusted and set to be greater than or equal to the first air gap (610) as needed, and a person skilled in the art may set them reasonably as needed. This flux-adjustable motor may provide a single leakage flux path that is always open so that the permanent magnet flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) of the excitation rotor (400) and the permanent magnet flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) of the permanent magnet rotor (300) leak through this leakage flux path.

[0036] When the excitation winding (520) is energized in the forward direction to form a first magnetic pole on the outer wall (511), on one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current of the excitation winding (520) suppresses the leakage magnetic flux path, which corresponds to controlling the turn-on size of the leakage magnetic flux path that is always open, and when the excitation current is relatively large, this leakage magnetic flux path is closed; on the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the outer wall (511), the second air gap (620), the first magnetic pole protrusion (413), the first boss (411), the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap (610), the second boss (412), the second magnetic pole protrusion (414), the third air gap (630), and the inner wall (512) to reach the outer wall (511) and form a closed loop of the magnetic circuit. At this time, the first air gap (610) has the same magnetic field direction as the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current and the magnetic flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) in the excitation rotor (400), so it has a magnetic field increasing effect, which greatly improves the output of torque, and is particularly suitable for low-speed operation conditions.

[0037] When the excitation winding (520) is energized in the reverse direction to form a second magnetic pole on the outer wall (511), on one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current widens and expands the leakage magnetic flux path, and the turn-on of the leakage magnetic flux path becomes large, so that more permanent magnet magnetic flux passes through the leakage magnetic flux path to form a magnetic circuit closed loop; on the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the inner wall (512), the third air gap (630), the second magnetic pole protrusion (414), the second boss (412), the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap (610), the first boss (411), the first magnetic pole protrusion (413), the second air gap (620), and the outer wall (511) to reach the inner wall (512) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop. At this time, the first air gap (610) has a magnetic field cancellation function because the direction of the magnetic field generated by the excitation current (generated by the excitation winding) and the direction of the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet flux in the excitation rotor (400) (generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel) are opposite to each other, thereby further reducing the main magnetic flux (i.e., permanent magnet flux) through the first air gap (610) and realizing further control of the magnetic field of the first air gap (610), and is particularly suitable for ultra-high-speed operating conditions.

[0038] This magnetic field adjustable motor indirectly controls the magnetic field of the first air gap (610) by controlling the turn-on, turn-off, and turn-on magnitude of the leakage flux path by energizing the excitation winding (520) of the excitation ring assembly (500). When a large torque output is required at low speed, the excitation current is a forward current, and the magnetic field increase in the excitation current increases the strength of the magnetic field of the first air gap (610) and further increases the output torque. In the case of high speed, if necessary, for example, the excitation current is set to zero so that the leakage flux path is always open. At this time, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor (300) and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor (400) leak through the leakage flux path, thereby reducing the flux passing through the first air gap (610). When no arbitrary input current is required, a weak flux is applied to the main flux passing through the first air gap (610). Thus, when there is no external input, the permanent magnet flux passing through the first air gap (610) is weakened, which helps to improve the operating efficiency of the motor (i.e., when the excitation current is zero, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor (300) and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor (400) are diverted through the leakage flux path, and the main flux passing through the first air gap (610) is indirectly reduced to a weak flux for the main flux passing through the first air gap (610). This is realized, which corresponds to realizing a weak magnetic flux under the condition that the current of the excitation winding (520) is zero, and helps to improve the operating efficiency in the high-speed range; when the rotational speed is further improved, the excitation current is a reverse current, and by providing a reduction in the magnetic field in the excitation current, the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610) is further weakened, thereby realizing a weak magnetic flux, which can greatly improve the operating range of the motor, and is realized to operate with constant power within a wide speed control range.

[0039] This magnetic field adjustable motor controls the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610) by controlling the magnitude of the leakage magnetic flux passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630). When a large torque is required at low speed, the magnetic field reinforcement is provided in the excitation current to increase the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610), thereby realizing a large torque output at low speed. In the case of high speed, the excitation current becomes zero to open the leakage magnetic flux path, and when there is no external input, a weak magnetic flux is realized for the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610). In the case of ultra-high speed, the excitation current of the excitation winding (520) provides reverse magnetic flux to further realize a weak magnetic flux for the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610), greatly improving the operating rotational speed range of the motor and enabling operation with constant power within a wide speed control range.

[0040] In some other exemplary embodiments, as illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12, the outer wall (511) and the first magnetic fitting part are opposite each other in the axial direction of the housing, the second air gap (620) is located between the end surface of the outer wall (511) and the end surface of the first magnetic fitting part, the inner wall (512) and the second magnetic fitting part are opposite each other in the axial direction of the housing, the third air gap (630) is located between the end surface of the inner wall (512) and the end surface of the second magnetic fitting part, and the first permanent magnet body is a first radial permanent magnet steel (430) and is located inside the area surrounded by a plurality of first radial permanent magnet steels (430) in a one-to-one correspondence with the first magnetic forming area and the second magnetic forming area in the circumferential direction of the housing. Additionally, a magnetic separation structure (640) is installed on the radial inner side of the first magnetic field forming region, and an over-excitation structure (650) is installed on the radial inner side of the second magnetic field forming region, and the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) are both axial air gaps. The magnetic poles of the radial outer ends of adjacent first radial type permanent magnet steel (430) are different from each other, and the polarity of the radial inner ends is different from each other. The second magnetic field protrusion (414) is installed on the side facing the excitation ring assembly (500) of the rotor core (410) and is located on the radial inner side of the first boss (411) and the second boss (412). The second magnetic field protrusion (414) is set as a ring-shaped boss.

[0041] In the case of the magnetic field adjustable motor provided in this embodiment, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet and the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field by the current of the excitation winding (520) of the excitation ring assembly (500), and by determining the magnetic field strengthening and magnetic field extinguishing according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding (520), the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field can be realized, and the advantages of low speed high torque, high speed high efficiency, and a wide electrostatic power operating range can be better realized.

[0042] In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, a magnetic separation structure (640) is installed at the location where the first magnetic pole of the radial inner end of the first radial permanent magnet steel (430) is located, and an over-excitation structure (650) (i.e., no magnetic separation structure is installed) is installed at the location where the second magnetic pole of the radial inner end of the first radial permanent magnet steel (430) is located, and the magnetic separation structure (640) can be installed as a magnetic separation groove, and the first radial permanent magnet steel (430) can be installed as a V-shaped permanent magnet steel.

[0043] In one example, the end surface of the first stimulation protrusion (413) may or may not be in the same plane as the end surface of the second stimulation protrusion (414), and the end surface of the inner wall (512) may or may not be in the same plane as the end surface of the outer wall (511) (as can be understood by referring to FIGS. 11 and 12).

[0044] In the following, the case where the first stimulus is the North Pole and the second stimulus is the South Pole will be explained in detail using an example. Alternatively, the purpose of this application may be realized by making the first stimulus the South Pole and the second stimulus the North Pole; the gist thereof does not depart from the design concept of this disclosure and is not further explained herein, and must also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] When the female winding (520) is not energized, some permanent magnet flux generated by the first magnetic pole of the radial outer end of the first radial type permanent magnet steel (430) of the female rotor (400) starts from one side (N pole) and, as shown in FIG. 5, passes through the first boss (411), the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, and the first air gap (610) to reach the adjacent second boss (412), and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential type permanent magnet steel (420) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop. Another portion of the permanent magnet flux starts from one side (N pole) and, as shown in FIG. 6, passes through the first boss (411), the first magnetic pole protrusion (413), the second air gap (620), the outer wall (511), the inner wall (512), the third air gap (630), and the second magnetic pole protrusion (414) to reach the second boss (412), and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet steel (420) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop (understood with reference to FIG. 6).

[0046] When the female winding (520) is not energized, the magnetic flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) of the permanent magnet rotor (300) starts through the first magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the second radial permanent magnet steel (320). A portion passes through the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, and the first air gap (610) to reach the second magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the adjacent second radial permanent magnet steel (320), and then passes through the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor (300) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop (understood with reference to FIG. 7); The other part passes through the first boss (411), the first magnetic protrusion (413), the second air gap (620), the outer wall (511), the inner wall (512), the third air gap (630), and the second magnetic protrusion (414) to reach the second boss (412), and then passes through the second magnetic pole of the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) and the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor (300) to form a magnetic circuit closed loop.

[0047] Since the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) belongs to the leakage flux, the magnetic flux path passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) is a leakage flux path. The magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610) participates in external energy conversion and outputs torque to the outside, while the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) (i.e., leakage flux) does not participate in external energy conversion and does not output torque to the outside. Here, if necessary, the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) are both adjusted and set to be smaller than the first air gap (610), and according to the principle of minimum magnetic resistance, a relatively large portion of the permanent magnet flux is closed through the leakage flux path. Alternatively, the second air gap (620) and the third air gap (630) can be adjusted and set to be greater than or equal to the first air gap (610) as needed. This flux-adjustable motor may provide a single leakage flux path that is always open so that the permanent magnet flux generated by the first radial permanent magnet steel (430) of the excitation rotor (400) and the permanent magnet flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet steel (320) of the permanent magnet rotor (300) leak through this leakage flux path.

[0048] When the excitation winding (520) is energized in the forward direction to form a first magnetic pole on the outer wall (511), on the one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current of the excitation winding (520) suppresses the leakage magnetic flux path, which corresponds to controlling the turn-on size of the leakage magnetic flux path that is always open, and when the excitation current is relatively large, this leakage magnetic flux path is closed; on the other hand, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the outer wall (511), the second air gap (620), the first magnetic pole protrusion (413), the first boss (411), the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap (610), the second boss (412), the second magnetic pole protrusion (414), the third air gap (630), and the inner wall (512) to reach the outer wall (511) and form a magnetic circuit closed loop (understood with reference to FIG. 8). At this time, the first air gap (610) has the same magnetic field direction as the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current and the magnetic flux generated by the first radial permanent magnet steel (430) in the excitation rotor (400), so it is in the magnetic field increasing effect, which greatly improves the torque output, and is particularly suitable for low-speed operation conditions.

[0049] When the excitation winding (520) is energized in the reverse direction to form a second magnetic pole on the outer wall (511), on one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current widens and expands the leakage flux path, and the turn-on of the leakage flux path becomes large, so that more permanent magnet flux passes through the leakage flux path to form a closed loop of the magnetic circuit; on the other hand, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the inner wall (512), the third air gap (630), the second magnetic pole protrusion (414), the second boss (412), the first air gap (610), the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap (610), the first boss (411), the first magnetic pole protrusion (413), the second air gap (620), and the outer wall (511) to reach the inner wall (512) to form a closed loop of the magnetic circuit (understood with reference to FIG. 9). At this time, the first air gap (610) has a magnetic field cancellation function because the direction of the magnetic field generated by the excitation current and the direction of the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet flux in the excitation rotor (400) are opposite to each other, thereby further reducing the main magnetic flux (i.e., permanent magnet flux) through the first air gap (610) and realizing further control of the magnetic field of the first air gap (610), and is particularly suitable for ultra-high-speed operation conditions.

[0050] This magnetic field adjustable motor indirectly controls the magnetic field of the first air gap (610) by controlling the turn-on, turn-off, and turn-on magnitude of the leakage flux path by energizing the excitation winding (520) of the excitation ring assembly (500). When a large torque output is required at low speed, the excitation current is a forward current, and the magnetic field increase in the excitation current increases the strength of the magnetic field of the first air gap (610) and further increases the output torque. In the case of high speed, if necessary, for example, the excitation current is set to zero so that the leakage flux path is always open. At this time, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor (300) and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor (400) leak through the leakage flux path, thereby reducing the permanent magnet flux passing through the first air gap (610). When no arbitrary input current is required, a weak flux is applied to the main flux passing through the first air gap (610). Thus, when there is no external input, the permanent magnet flux passing through the first air gap (610) is weakened, which helps to improve the operating efficiency of the motor (i.e., when the excitation current is zero, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor (300) and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor (400) are diverted through the leakage flux path, and the main flux passing through the first air gap (610) is indirectly [related to] the main flux passing through the first air gap (610). A weak magnetic flux is realized, which corresponds to realizing a weak magnetic flux under the condition that the current of the excitation winding (520) is zero, and helps to improve the operating efficiency in the high-speed range; when the rotational speed is further improved, the excitation current is a reverse current, and by providing a reduction in the magnetic field in the excitation current, the permanent magnet magnetic flux passing through the first air gap (610) is further weakened, thereby realizing a weak magnetic flux, the operating range of the motor can be greatly improved, and it is realized to operate with constant power within a wide speed control range.

[0051] A vehicle (not shown) provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a magnetic field adjustable motor according to any of the embodiments described above.

[0052] The vehicle provided in this embodiment has all the advantages of the magnetic field adjustable motor provided in any of the embodiments described above, so it is not described further here.

[0053] In summary, in the case of the magnetic field adjustable motor provided in this application, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet body and the permanent magnet rotor generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field by the current of the excitation winding of the excitation ring assembly, and by determining magnetic field strengthening and magnetic field cancellation according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding, the regulation and control of the main magnetic field can be realized, and the advantages of low speed high torque, high speed high efficiency, and a wide electrostatic power operating range can be better realized.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as 'top', 'bottom', 'one side', 'other side', 'one end', 'other end', 'side', 'opposing', 'rectangle', 'periphery', and ''square structure' are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are intended merely to facilitate the description of the present application and the simplification of the description; they do not indicate or imply that the indicated structure possesses a specific orientation and is configured or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0055] In the description of embodiments of the present invention, the terms 'connection,' 'direct connection,' 'indirect connection,' 'fixed connection,' 'mounting,' and 'assembly' should be understood broadly unless otherwise explicitly defined or limited, and may, for example, be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; and the terms 'mounting,' 'connection,' and 'fixed connection' may be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or communication within two elements. A person skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as described above; however, the described content is merely an embodiment adopted to facilitate understanding of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make any modifications and changes to the embodiments and details provided that they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall still be determined by the appended claims. Explanation of the symbols

[0057] 110: Cabinet 120: 1st End Cap 130: Second end cap 210: Stator core 220: 1st end winding 230 stator winding 240: Second end winding 300: Permanent magnet rotor 310: Permanent magnet rotor core 320: Second radial permanent magnet steel 321: First magnetic pole of the radial outer end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel 322: Second magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel 400: Female rotor 410: Rotor core 411: 1st Boss 412: 2nd Boss 413: 1st stimulus protrusion 414: 2nd stimulus protrusion 420: Tangential permanent magnet steel 430: 1st Radial Permanent Magnet Steel 500: Women's ring assembly 510: Women's ring 511: External Wall 512: Internal Wall 520: Female winding 610: 1st air gap 620: 2nd Air Gap 630: 3rd Air Gap 640: Self-separating structure 650: Overexcitation structure 710: Rotating shaft 720: Bearing 730: Waveform Spring

Claims

Claim 1 A magnetic field adjustable motor comprising a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an excitation rotor, and an excitation ring assembly, wherein the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation rotor, and the excitation ring assembly are all located within the housing, the permanent magnet rotor is installed radially inwardly on the stator, and a first air gap is provided between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the excitation ring assembly is installed on an end wall of the housing, and the excitation rotor is installed between the excitation ring assembly and the permanent magnet rotor; wherein the excitation ring assembly comprises an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring has an outer wall and an inner wall, and the excitation winding is installed between the outer wall and the inner wall; The above-described female rotor comprises a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnets, wherein the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic field matching portion, a second magnetic field matching portion, and a first magnetic field forming area and a second magnetic field forming area that are alternately installed along the circumferential direction, wherein the first magnetic field matching portion corresponds to the first magnetic field forming area and the second magnetic field matching portion corresponds to the second magnetic field forming area, and the plurality of first permanent magnets are installed in the rotor core corresponding to the first magnetic field forming area and the second magnetic field forming area to form a first magnetic field in the first magnetic field forming area and a second magnetic field forming area in the second magnetic field forming area; wherein the outer wall corresponds to the first magnetic field matching portion to form a second air gap, and the inner wall corresponds to the second magnetic field matching portion to form a third air gap, thereby forming a magnetic field adjustable motor. Claim 2 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall is located on the radial inner side of the first magnetic field fitting part, the second air gap is located between the radial outer surface of the outer wall and the radial inner surface of the first magnetic field fitting part, the inner wall is located on the radial inner side of the second magnetic field fitting part, the third air gap is located between the radial outer surface of the inner wall and the radial inner surface of the second magnetic field fitting part, the first permanent magnet body includes a tangential permanent magnet steel, and the tangential permanent magnet steel is installed between the first magnetic field forming region and the second magnetic field forming region. Claim 3 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 2, wherein the first stimulation forming region and the second stimulation forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the inner ring wall protrudes toward the rotor core relative to the outer wall, the first stimulation fitting is installed on the end surface of the first stimulation forming region, and the second stimulation fitting is installed on the radial inner surface of the second stimulation forming region. Claim 4 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall and the first magnetic field fitting part are opposite each other in the axial direction of the housing, the second air gap is located between the end surface of the outer wall and the end surface of the first magnetic field fitting part, the inner wall and the second magnetic field fitting part are opposite each other in the axial direction of the housing, the third air gap is located between the end surface of the inner wall and the end surface of the second magnetic field fitting part, the first permanent magnet body includes a first radial permanent magnet steel, and is located inside a region surrounded by a plurality of first radial permanent magnet steels, corresponding one-to-one with the first magnetic field forming region and the second magnetic field forming region in the circumferential direction of the housing. Claim 5 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 4, wherein a magnetic separation structure is installed on the radial inner side of the first stimulation forming region and an over-excitation structure is installed on the radial inner side of the second stimulation forming region. Claim 6 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 4, wherein the first stimulation forming region and the second stimulation forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the first stimulation fitting is installed on the end surface of the first stimulation forming region, and the second stimulation fitting is installed on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly and is located radially inward of the first stimulation forming region and the second stimulation forming region. Claim 7 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 6, wherein the end surface of the first stimulation fitting part forms the same plane as or does not form the same plane as the end surface of the second stimulation fitting part, and the end surface of the inner ring wall forms the same plane as or does not form the same plane as the end surface of the outer ring wall. Claim 8 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the first stimulation alignment part includes a first stimulation protrusion and the second stimulation alignment part includes a second stimulation protrusion. Claim 9 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the permanent magnet rotor comprises a permanent magnet rotor core and a plurality of second permanent magnet bodies, and the plurality of second permanent magnet bodies are sequentially installed on the permanent magnet rotor core along the circumferential direction. Claim 10 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 9, wherein the second permanent magnet body comprises a second radial permanent magnet steel, the magnetic poles of the radial outer ends of adjacent second radial permanent magnet steels are different from each other, the magnetic poles of the radial inner ends are different from each other, and a magnetic separation structure is installed at the location where the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet steel are located. Claim 11 A magnetic field adjustable motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein both the excitation ring assembly and the excitation rotor are included in two, the permanent magnet rotor is positioned between the two excitation rotors, and the two excitation rotors are positioned between the two excitation ring assemblies. Claim 12 A vehicle comprising a magnetic field adjustable motor according to any one of paragraphs 1 through 7.

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