DC power converter

Abstract

The present invention relates to a DC power converter, DPX, which connects a primary port comprising a DC or AC energy source and a secondary port comprising a DC or AC load, wherein the power converter comprises: a transformer or an autotransformer; a first power switch between two nodes having two power terminals and a first control terminal; and a second power switch between two other nodes having two power terminals and a second control terminal, wherein the switches are configured to connect the primary port energy source to the secondary port load through the transformer or autotransformer. The first and second power switches operate simultaneously under the operation of a logic control signal that provides a conduction state when all power switches are simultaneously in an ON state or all power switches are simultaneously in an OFF state, and are configured to simultaneously connect or disconnect the transformer to the primary port and the secondary port.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] A first aspect of the present invention relates to a power converter comprising a transformer or an autotransformer for connecting a primary port to a secondary port, wherein the primary port comprises a DC energy source or an AC energy source and the secondary port comprises a DC load or an AC load.

[0002] Accordingly, the present invention relates to the field of electrical power converters that process power from a DC or AC input energy source to a DC or AC load output, wherein power can flow in both directions simply by switching the energy source and the load.

[0003] DC / DC power conversion cells can be used to implement DC / AC, AC / AC, and AC / DC power converters.

[0004] In this description, the concept of a power converter's performance index is used according to the following definition.

[0005] The general Figure of Merit (FOM) for high-density power converters is the product of "power loss" and "volume." A more specific FOM for high-current converters is the product of the "conducted power loss of the power switch" and the "footprint of the power switch." Assuming that all power switches on the DC-port of a DC-DC converter have the same area, the simplified FOM* 포트 FOM as follows 포트 It can be normalized to:

[0006]

[0007] Calculate j for each power switch (inverting power switch or rectifier power switch) of the corresponding DC port, and i j_rms is the rms value of the current flowing through each power switch, and I 포트is the average value entering or leaving each DC port.

[0008] A second aspect of the present invention relates to a 3-power-terminal power switch device, 3PTPS, suitable for a plurality of power converter topologies.

[0009] Although the present invention refers to a 3-power-terminal power switch, additional power switch implementations including four or more additional power terminals are also included in this description. Background Technology

[0010] In 1966, E.T. Moore and T.G. Wilson published a fundamental paper titled "Basic Considerations for DC to DC Conversion Networks." In 1969, Dr. Dan Holden Wolaver of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology published his doctoral dissertation, "Fundamental study of DC to DC conversion systems," to the public. Both studies demonstrate that in a switch-mode DC-DC converter, there is at least one power switch generating "ac" or "alternating current" power and at least one power switch rectifying "ac" power into "dc" power. At that time, power switches were represented by variable resistors. "Rac" and "Rdc" represent the inverting power switch and the rectifying power switch, respectively.

[0011] These power switches alternately turn on and off, which means that at least one of the power switches operates with a duty cycle of 50% or less.

[0012] Common switch-mode power supply topologies for power converters include buck, boost, buck-boost, sepic / cook, zeta, flyback, two-power switch flyback, active clamp / single power switch / two-power switch forward, push-pull, Weinberg, half-bridge, full-bridge, phase-shifted full-bridge, resonant LLC, and many other converters more sophisticated in modern technology.

[0013] Due to the high power required by complex loads such as microprocessors (generally CPUs, GPUs, and XPUs), artificial intelligence integrated circuits, service devices, electric vehicles, telecommunications, and other electrical facilities, there is an increasing demand for compact, high-performance, and efficient power converters.

[0014] A switch-mode DC-DC power converter comprising DC-AC, AC-DC, and ac-ac power converters composed of semi-static DC-DC cells includes two or more power switches. The power switches include power transistors (controllable devices) and power diodes (uncontrollable devices). One of the power switches (controllable devices) generates "ac power," which is necessary to implement voltage (or current) gain regulation; this power is also referred to as "indirect power." A second power switch (the diode or transistor of a unidirectional power converter or the transistor of a bidirectional converter) is necessary to rectify the corresponding "ac" or "indirect" power and supply this power to an output port.

[0015] The basic cells of the DC-DC power converter are buck (step-down), boost (step-up), and buck-boost (step-up / down), where the two power switches do not operate simultaneously.

[0016] The duty cycle "d" is the time (t) that the power switch is in the ON state for the switching period (T). 온 It is defined as the ratio of ), that is, d=t 온 / T. Since the two power switches are not turned on simultaneously but are turned on alternately, the duty cycle of at least one of the power switches is 50% or less.

[0017] Various co-packaged 2-power-terminal power switches are commercially available. These power switches are driven independently and alternately from the power supply.

[0018] In some cases, two alternating switches are driven by a single logic control signal because the on and off states are determined by complementary logic.

[0019] In other cases, two power switches are connected in parallel and operate as a single 2-power-terminal power switch with superior performance (i.e., on-resistance) compared to a single power switch.

[0020] The present invention is not related to the known dual power switch configuration shown in FIG. 2b, because compared to the 3-power-terminal power switch embodiment of the present invention, the difference is that all power switches of the power converter are configured to operate simultaneously in the ON and OFF states under the operation of a single logic control signal (100a), that is, all other power switches are simultaneously in the ON state or simultaneously in the OFF state.

[0021] US 2003090237, JP 2011130552, EP 1115203 and US 2013181723 disclose a three-power-terminal power switch device in which all power switches are not operated simultaneously in the ON or OFF state.

[0022] In US 2003090237, switches (128 and 130) (see FIG. 1) are operated in different phases, that is, alternately operated by a single logic control signal, for example, a single gate driver. This is possible because switches (128 and 130) are of different types (N-channel and P-channel) and one switch (128) is switched on to a high logic level and the other switch (130) is switched to a low logic level.

[0023] In patents US4561046 and US5521807, a strategy for "resonant reset" of a transformer is implemented. In both cases, compared to the present invention, additional circuitry is required for the circuit to operate. US4561046 includes at least an LC output filter and a diode, which store and transmit AC energy and facilitate voltage regulation. In US5521807, there is at least an auxiliary winding in the "flyback" connection responsible for self-extinguishing of the transformer.

[0024] In the prior art, the duty cycle of the power switch of the alternating switch of the basic cell is d ac and d dc In this case, since the power switches conduct alternately rather than simultaneously, d ac +d dc ≤ 1 always applies.

[0025] Since conventional power topologies use alternating power switches, the optimal FOM (lower is better) of the power switches at the input and output ports cannot be selected independently. Fig. 3c illustrates that the best FOM is obtained for a high duty cycle value (i.e., 90%) (Point B). In a conventional converter, if a high duty cycle is selected for one of the ports (input or output), the other port (output or input) operates at a low duty cycle (i.e., 10%) with a worse (higher) FOM (Point A).

[0026] Conversely, in the present invention, the switches of the input and output ports can both operate with good FOM (d > 50%, i.e., 90%), because the two switches are simultaneously on and simultaneously off.

[0027] In the present invention, resonant reset demagnetization occurs between the magnetizing inductance and the parasitic (or added) capacitance, and does not require the additional circuit mentioned above.

[0028] The present invention relates to a power converter configured to connect a primary port to a secondary port, wherein the primary port comprises a DC energy source or an AC energy source and the secondary port comprises a DC load or an AC load, and the power converter comprises:

[0029] A transformer or autotransformer, and optionally a passive network of capacitors, inductors, or resistors connected to multiple nodes of the power converter; and

[0030] A first power switch is included between two of the plurality of nodes, wherein the first power switch has two power terminals and at least a first control terminal;

[0031] The plurality of nodes includes at least a second power switch between two different nodes, wherein the at least second power switch has two power terminals and at least a second control terminal.

[0032] The first power switch and at least a second power switch are configured to interconnect the plurality of nodes, and

[0033] At least the first and second control terminals of the first and second power switches are different terminals or a single terminal.

[0034] According to the present invention, a first and at least second power switch is configured to connect an input DC or AC port, an energy source, to an output DC or AC load through a transformer or autotransformer, and to provide power transmission only through a DC path without control, generation, and non-storage of "AC power" for regulating power conversion, and these power switches operate simultaneously under the operation of a logic control signal that provides a conducting status when all power switches are simultaneously in an On state or Off state, and to connect or disconnect a transformer or autotransformer to a primary port and a secondary port to form a DC power converter, a Direct Electrical Power Converter (DPX).

[0035] Under these circumstances, in a given time period in which the power switches operate simultaneously, the on-state time of all power switches provides a conduction duty cycle even higher than 50% in all power switches, and reduces the RMS value of the current flowing through the power switches for a given average converter input and output current.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first and at least second power switches are integrated into a single structure of three power terminals, and the first and at least second power switches are connected together at a common node. The structure provides a three-power terminal power switch device, wherein a single control terminal of the three-power terminal power switch device substitutes the control terminals of the first and at least second power switches. A logic control signal is provided to the single control terminal of the device.

[0037] The circuit topologies of power stages are highly diverse and may include additional power switches, such as transistors or diodes, as well as transformers. Common circuit topologies include "Flyback," "Forward," "Push-pull," "Half-Bridge," and "Full-Bridge." Additionally, there are "Current-fed" and "Resonant" versions of these circuit topologies. Various output filters, such as C filters, LC filters, and "Current doublers," are also available. To implement soft-switching (zero-voltage or zero-current switching), some additional active or passive networks may be added. In some cases, multiple basic cells are interconnected and simplified by removing some redundant power switches, such as Sepic, Cuk, or Zeta converters. In addition, they may include a transformer in their structure.

[0038] A common feature of all of these is that not all power switches operate when d > 50%. Even in cases where all have negative one switching when d > 50%, there is at least one power switch that operates when d < 50%. One limiting case is to make all power switches operate at 50%. There are no switch-mode power converters where d > 50% for all power switches in the power topology.

[0039] In the proposed invention, since an AC power supply is not required to provide DC-DC conversion, there are no inverting and rectifying power switches (see FIG. 3A).

[0040] Conversely, power flows directly from input to output through a magnetic component, and voltage conversion is implemented by the turn ratio of a transformer or autotransformer, which is simultaneously connected to the input and output ports through two power switches in the DC path of FIG. 3a rather than the AC path (see FIG. 1).

[0041] In this way, all associated power switches operating simultaneously to provide power transmission through the DC path can be operated with a duty cycle higher than 50%. During the ON state, the magnetization of the transformer or autotransformer is reset, and during the OFF state, it is reset by resonance between the magnetization inductance of the transformer or autotransformer and the parasitic (or parallel added) capacitance of the power switch.

[0042] In one embodiment, the power converter includes additional control means configured to provide additional timing control capable of advancing or delaying a physical driving signal for a logic control signal provided to each power switch during power switch switching between an on state and an off state in order to reduce switching loss.

[0043] In one embodiment, the first or at least second power switch is inserted into the winding of the transformer or autotransformer, or into a part of the transformer or autotransformer.

[0044] At least two first and second power switches are both controlled switches implemented with transistors, or include at least one controlled switch implemented with transistors and at least one non-controlled switch implemented with diodes.

[0045] Alternatively, at least two first and second power switches are implemented as electromechanical devices.

[0046] Additionally, the on-state time of the power switch of the power converter is long enough to provide current through the secondary winding of the transformer or autotransformer reaching a steady state, where the converter gain is not dependent on the specific duration of the on-state time.

[0047] However, in an alternative embodiment, the gain of the power converter is adjusted by using the leakage inductance of the power transformer or autotransformer or an inductance added in series, that is, by changing the duty cycle of the power switch and / or by frequency switching, wherein the on-time of the switch is not sufficient to reach a steady state of the current flowing through the power switch within the switching cycle.

[0048] The power converter and 3-power-terminal power switch device of the present invention may be implemented using a semiconductor technology selected from Si, GaN, and SiC, or using a semiconductor comprising one or more of a junction or heterojunction, a heterostructure, a piezoelectric structure, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a bipolar junction transistor, a gate turn-off thyristor, or a combination thereof.

[0049] Other features of the present invention will be described in detail below. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0050] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating the concept of power transfer between a DC energy source and a load in a conventional power converter according to a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) including two power switches, wherein the first power switch operates as an inverting power switch and the second power switch operates as a rectifying power switch, and when operated, one power switch is in the ON state and the other is in the OFF state, or vice versa. FIG. 2a illustrates an example of a conventional power supply having two power switches. FIG. 2b illustrates an example of a power device similar to the device of FIG. 2a having a dual power switch configuration. FIG. 3a schematically illustrates the concept of power transmission using the power converter of the present invention, namely the DC power converter (DPX), and the associated power switch is simultaneously activated to implement power conversion while providing only power transmission through a DC path without generating AC power. FIG. 3b illustrates the duty cycle of the related power switches that are activated simultaneously. FIG. 3c illustrates the performance index of the inversion and rectification combination of the power switch as a function of the duty cycle. FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, wherein both power switches are in an ON state or both are simultaneously OFF state, and the first and second power switches are integrated into a single structure comprising three power terminals to form a 3-power-terminal power switch (3PTPS). FIG. 5a illustrates the electrical symbol for the 3-power-terminal power switch of the present invention. FIG. 5b shows the electrical symbol of the 3-power terminal power switch in the ON state. FIG. 5c shows the electrical symbol of the 3-power terminal power switch in the off state. FIG. 6 illustrates a circuit of a power converter according to the present invention, including a 3-power-terminal power switch indicated by a dotted line or including more power switches. FIG. 7a illustrates an example of a circuit of a power converter having a transformer configured to operate simultaneously according to the present invention. Figure 7b is the same drawing as Figure 7a using 3PTPS for the power switch. FIG. 8a illustrates a circuit of one embodiment having a single-winding transformer comprising two power switches configured to operate simultaneously according to the present invention. FIG. 8b illustrates another arrangement of the circuit of FIG. 8a having a single-winding transformer. FIG. 8c corresponds to the circuit of FIG. 8b using a 3-power-terminal power switch device (3PTPS). FIG. 9 is another embodiment of a circuit having a single-winding transformer comprising two power switches configured to operate simultaneously according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is an embodiment comprising one control switch implemented with a transistor and one non-control switch implemented with a diode. FIG. 11a illustrates another embodiment of a single-winding transformer comprising two power switches configured to operate simultaneously according to the present invention, wherein one power switch is included between a winding or a part of a winding of the single-winding transformer coupled to the same magnetic structure. Figure 11b illustrates the circuit of Figure 11a with a transformer and insulation instead of a single-winding transformer. FIG. 12a illustrates the same embodiment of the circuit of FIG. 9 having a single-winding transformer configured to operate simultaneously according to the present invention, wherein energy flows in opposite directions, indicating the bidirectional characteristic of the power converter. FIG. 12b illustrates the circuit of FIG. 12a having a 3PTPS device. FIG. 13a illustrates a circuit having multiple outputs and a transformer, including two power switches configured to operate simultaneously according to the present invention. Figure 13b is the circuit of Figure 13a having a 3PTPS device. FIG. 14 illustrates an equivalent circuit of the power converter of the present invention comprising two power switches configured to operate simultaneously and a parasitic or additional element of the power converter. FIG. 15 is a graph illustrating the behavior of the power converter of the present invention showing zero voltage switching (ZVS) details. FIG. 16 is a graph illustrating the behavior of the power converter of the present invention showing zero current switching (ZCS) details. FIG. 17 is an embodiment similar to FIG. 10 in which a leakage inductance is added in series to adjust the gain of the converter. Figure 18 is another equivalent circuit of an alternative embodiment. FIG. 19 is a graph showing various current versus time curves in a transformer or autotransformer under the influence of different values ​​of parasitic capacitance, illustrating cases where the on-time is sufficiently long so that the voltage gain is not regulated, or sufficiently short so that charge control is provided and voltage regulation is provided accordingly. Different curves can be obtained under the influence of different values ​​of parasitic inductance. FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate a power converter forming a 3-port buck-DPX regulated converter, including the integration of the DPX converter and the buck converter of the present invention. FIG. 22 illustrates a 3-port buck-DPX converter operating as an "energy buffer AC-DC power converter," where port 2 is an energy buffer, port 1 is a rectified AC voltage, and port 3 is a DC load. FIG. 23a illustrates the 3-port power converter of FIG. 22, showing the power flow from a rectified AC voltage (DC port 1) to an energy buffer (DC port 2) and a DC load (DC port 3). FIG. 23b illustrates the 3-port power converter of FIG. 22, showing power flow from the rectified AC voltage (DC port 1) and energy buffer (DC port 2) to the DC load (DC port 3). FIG. 23c illustrates the 3-port power converter of FIG. 22, showing power flow from an energy buffer (DC port 2) to a DC load (DC port 3). FIG. 24 illustrates an example of the waveform of the voltage (dotted line) of the rectified AC (DC port 1), the input current, and the pulsating input power (dotted line) that is buffered accordingly and converted into the constant DC power exemplified at DC port 3. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0051] The present invention relates to a power converter configured to connect a primary port to a secondary port, wherein the primary port includes a DC energy source or an AC energy source and the secondary port includes a DC load or an AC load, and the power converter comprises:

[0052] A transformer or autotransformer, and optionally a passive network of capacitors, inductors, or resistors connected to multiple nodes of the power converter; and

[0053] A first power switch is included between two of the plurality of nodes, wherein the first power switch has two power terminals and at least a first control terminal;

[0054] The plurality of nodes includes at least a second power switch between two different nodes, wherein the at least second power switch has two power terminals and at least a second control terminal.

[0055] The first power switch and at least a second power switch are configured to interconnect the plurality of nodes.

[0056] The present invention provides a power converter (2) generated from a number of topologies configured such that first and at least second power switches (31, 32) are operated simultaneously under the operation of a logic control signal (100a), and provides a conduction state in which all power switches (31, 32) are simultaneously in an ON state or all power switches are in an OFF state, and simultaneously connects or disconnects a transformer or autotransformer to a primary port and a secondary port, and forms a Direct Electrical Power Converter (DPX).

[0057] In this way, in a given time period in which the power switches (31, 32) are operated simultaneously, the on-state time of all power switches (31, 32) provides a conduction duty cycle even higher than 50% in all power switches (31, 32), and accordingly, reduces the RMS value of the current flowing through the power switches (31, 32) for a given average converter output current.

[0058] The proposed power converter (2) includes two or more power switches (31, 32) connected between them in series, in parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.

[0059] In one embodiment, the first and second power switches (31, 32) are integrated into a single structure of three-power terminals (11, 12, 13); as shown in FIG. 4, a single control gate of the device (100) replaces the control gates of the first and second power switches (101, 102) (see prior art embodiments of FIG. 2a and 2b) and operates the two power switches (31, 32) simultaneously, and the first and second power switches (31, 32) are turned on or turned off, so that the connection or disconnection of different nodes is obtained under the operation of a single logic control signal (100a) provided to the single control gate of the three-power terminal power switch device (1) and the device (100).

[0060] 3-Power-The voltage and current of the terminals can be positive or negative, which implies bidirectional voltage and current, so power can flow from the input port of the device to the output port or vice versa.

[0061] In a 3-power-terminal power switch device (1) according to the proposal of the present invention, at least two first and second power switches (31, 32) that are simultaneously turned on or turned off under the operation of a single logic control signal (100A) provided to a single control gate of the device (100) are connected to each other in series or in parallel.

[0062] In one embodiment of the disclosed 3-power-terminal power switch device, at least two first and second power switches (31, 32) are not connected together.

[0063] The present invention is also characterized in that a 3-power-terminal power switch device (1) has an optimized performance index by the simultaneous operation of turning on or turning off at least two first and second power switches (31, 32).

[0064] As previously shown in the proposed power converter, additional control means are provided configured to provide additional timing control capable of advancing or delaying a logic control signal provided to each power switch during power switch switching between a common on state and off state in order to reduce switching losses.

[0065] The gain of the power converter (2) of the present invention is based on energy transfer through a transformer or autotransformer, and as shown in FIG. 6, the power converter (2) has voltage and current gains with or without regulation.

[0066] In the proposed power converter (2), as shown in FIG. 3a, power can flow directly from the input to the output through a single-winding transformer.

[0067] In addition, the 3-power-terminal power switch (1) according to the present invention is configured to operate in a semi-static manner composed of a semi-static DC-DC cell comprising two or more power switches.

[0068] The proposed power converter may further include control means configured as follows:

[0069] - Configure the off time of all power switches by adjusting a logic control signal so that when the self voltage is close to or equal to 0, at least one of the two power switches turns on;

[0070] - When the self-current is close to or equal to zero, the second power switch (32) is turned off, and the on time of all power switches is configured by adjusting a logic control signal so that at least the second power switch (32) is turned off with a slight delay relative to the first power switch (31);

[0071] - Under given constraints, it is configured to adjust the duty cycle of the power switch to maintain the peak voltage of the power switch.

[0072] In one embodiment, the control means further comprises an additional inductance in series configured to change the leakage inductance of the power transformer or autotransformer (see FIG. 17) or the duty cycle of the power switch and / or the gain of the power converter to be regulated by frequency switching, and the on time of the switch is not sufficient to reach a steady state of the current flowing through the power switch (31, 32) within the switching cycle.

[0073] ZVS Zero Voltage Switching

[0074] In the power converter of the present invention, a single logic control signal (100a) is adjusted so that when the voltage of the power switch (32) is close to or equal to 0, at least one of the at least two power switch devices (31, 32) is turned on, which is zero voltage switching, ZVS, and the voltage or current of the power switch (32) can be sensed or calculated to implement a timing sequence, according to the timing sequence, the magnetization current increases during the on time of the power switch (31) and resonance occurs during the off time, the energy stored in the magnetization inductance is transferred to the capacitances C1 and C2 to increase the voltage to a maximum in a resonant manner and return it to 0, and the off time of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) is determined by "sensing" the voltage or calculating the voltage of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) by other means. The voltage or current of the power switch or its equivalent can be sensed or calculated to implement this timing sequence.

[0075] To understand how ZVS is achieved, the circuit is simplified as shown in Fig. 14. When the power switch is opened simultaneously, the transformer removes magnetism through the parasitic capacitor in a resonant manner.

[0076] Since this resonance is caused by magnetizing inductance and parasitic capacitance, if the capacitance of the power switch is referenced from the secondary to the primary, it can be expressed by the following formula:

[0077] The ZVS timing can be seen in more detail in the graph of Fig. 15.

[0078]

[0079] Resonance is generated between the magnetization inductance of the magnetic component and the capacitance added parasitic or intentionally in parallel with the power switch, the equivalent circuit of which is shown in FIG. 14:

[0080] - During the on-times of S1 and S2, the magnetization current increases;

[0081] - During the off time, the energy of the magnetizing inductance is transferred to the capacitances C1 and C2, causing the voltage to increase to a maximum and then return to zero in a resonant manner, resulting in resonance.

[0082] Switches S1 and S2 are turned on when the voltage at the power terminal decreases to near 0, which is known in the literature as "zero voltage switching".

[0083] The off times of S1 and S2 are determined by "sensing" the voltage or "estimating" the voltage of S1 and / or S2 by other means.

[0084] ZCS Zero Current Switching:

[0085] FIG. 16 illustrates this mode of operation of the power converter (2) of the present invention, wherein one power switch (31) is turned off with a slight delay relative to another power switch (32), and one power switch (32) is turned off when the current is close to or equal to zero, which is zero current switching, ZCS, and the voltage or current of the power switch (31) can be sensed or calculated to implement a timing sequence, and according to this timing sequence, when the first power switch (31) changes to the off state, currents i1 and i2 begin to decrease, with a slight delay time t 지연 During this time, the second power switch (32) remains in the ON state, and then the first power switch (31) is turned off until the current flowing through the second power switch (32) is reduced to near 0, which is known in the literature as zero current switching, ZCS. The time delay, t between the first power switch (31) being turned off and the second power switch (32) being turned off. 지연 The current is determined by detecting the current or by calculating the current of the second power switch (32) by other means.

[0086] In other words, one power switch is turned off with a slight delay relative to another power switch, and is turned off when the current is close to or equal to zero, i.e., zero current switching, ZCS, and also the voltage or current or equivalent of the power switch can be detected to implement the above timing sequence.

[0087] Zero current switching, ZCS, can be achieved by a simple method of turning off the primary power switch slightly before the secondary power switch.

[0088] Since the current stops flowing through the secondary power switch during this short time, the secondary power switch is not turned off with a high output current as can be seen in Fig. 15.

[0089] Currents i1 and i2 start to decrease when the logic control signal of S1 is turned off.

[0090] The logic control signal of S2 has a slight time delay, t 지연 It remains in the ON state for a while, and S1 is turned off until the current flowing through power switch S2 is reduced to near 0, which is known in the literature as zero current switching, or ZCS.

[0091] Time delay t between S1 turn-off and S2 turn-off 지연 is determined by "sensing" the current or "calculating" the current of S2 by other means.

[0092] Details regarding the results of a known topology implemented by the principles of the present invention are as follows.

[0093] Table 1 shows the input ports and FOM of the DC-DC converter. 포트 , illustrates a typical power topology for maximum voltage and duty cycle ranges:

[0094]

[0095] Table 2 shows the output ports and FOM of the DC-DC converter.포트 , illustrates a typical power topology for maximum voltage and duty cycle ranges:

[0096]

[0097] In one embodiment of the present invention, the power converter (2), DPX of the present invention further comprises the integration of a buck converter (3) (see FIG. 20) that obtains a 3-port buck-DPX (4) controlled DC-DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 21, wherein the magnetizing inductance of the DPX converter (2) acts as the inductance of the buck converter (3), the converter gain between the input port and the output port is controlled by changing the duty cycle and / or frequency switching, and power can flow from at least one of the three ports to at least one of the remaining ports.

[0098] In an alternative embodiment, the 3-port buck-DPX (4) of FIG. 22 is a regulated AC-DC-DC converter.

[0099] For the embodiments of FIGS. 21 and 22, the power switch (31) of the DPX (2) and the power switch (33) of the buck converter (3) are configured to operate the 3-port buck-DPX (4) as a quasi-static DC-DC cell, the first DC input port (201) is configured to receive a DC quasi-static voltage from a rectified high power factor AC power source, the second DC output port (202) is configured to operate as an energy buffer, and the third DC output port (203) is configured to have strict DC voltage regulation.

[0100] Additionally, for embodiments FIG. 21 and 22, the present invention proposes means for controlling the switching frequency and duty cycle of the power switch (33) of the buck converter (3) of the 3-port buck-DPX (4) and the power switch (31) of the DPX (2) to provide power flow according to three different operating power paths:

[0101] A. From the AC input port (201), power flows through the first DC output port (202) and the second DC output port (203) (see FIG. 23a);

[0102] B. Power flows from the AC input port (201) and the first DC output port (202) to the second DC output port (203) (see FIG. 23b);

[0103] C. From the first DC output port (202), power flows to the second DC output port (203) (see FIG. 23c).

[0104] In an additional embodiment of the 3-port buck-DPX (4), the energy buffer includes one or more capacitors configured to be dynamically adjusted to minimize indirect power with respect to the voltage average value with respect to the RMS value of the input voltage. FIG. 24 illustrates AC line voltages for a high voltage range of general-purpose input voltages (85-264 Vac).

Claims

Claim 1 A power converter (2) configured to connect a primary port and a secondary port, wherein the primary port includes a DC energy source and the secondary port includes a DC load, and the power converter (2) comprises: a transformer or autotransformer connected to a plurality of nodes of the power converter; at least one first power switch (31) between two nodes (31a, 31b) among the plurality of nodes - the at least one first power switch (31) has two power terminals, at least one first control terminal (101) and a first capacitance in parallel -; and at least one second power switch (32) between two different nodes (32a, 32b) among the plurality of nodes - the at least one second power switch (32) has two power terminals, at least one second control terminal (102) and a second capacitance in parallel -; The first power switch (31) is arranged on the primary side of a transformer or autotransformer, and the second power switch (32) is arranged on the secondary side of a transformer or autotransformer; the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are configured to connect a primary port to a secondary port through the transformer or autotransformer; at least the first and second control terminals (101, 102) of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are different terminals or a single terminal (100); and are further configured to operate simultaneously by the operation of a logic control signal (100a) configured to provide a conduction state when the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are simultaneously in an ON state or an OFF state, and are configured to form a DC power converter, DPX, by simultaneously connecting or disconnecting the transformer or autotransformer to the primary port and the secondary port;In a power converter: in a given time period in which the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are operated simultaneously, the ON-state time of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) provides a direct power path from a DC energy source to a DC load through a transformer or autotransformer in which the conduction duty cycle range of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) is higher than 50%, thereby reducing the RMS value of the current flowing through the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) for a given average converter output current; The conduction duty cycle of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) is adjusted under given constraints to maintain the peak voltage of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32), so that the magnetization of the transformer or autotransformer during the ON state is reset during the OFF state by resonance between the magnetization inductance of the transformer or autotransformer and the first capacitance in parallel with the first power switch (31) and the second capacitance in parallel with the second power switch (32); power converter (2).; Claim 2 A power converter (2) according to claim 1, wherein the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are integrated into a single structure of three power terminals (11, 12, 13) and connected together to a common node to provide a three power terminal power switch device (1), and a single control terminal (100) of the three power terminal power switch device (1) replaces the control terminals (101, 102) of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32), and a logic control signal (100a) is provided to the single control terminal (100). Claim 3 A power converter (2) further comprising control means configured to provide additional timing control capable of advancing or delaying a logic control signal (100a) provided to a first power switch (31) and a second power switch (32) during power switch switching between an on state and an off state in order to reduce switching losses. Claim 4 In claim 1, the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are control switches implemented with transistors, or a power converter (2) comprising at least one control switch implemented with transistors and at least one non-control switch implemented with diodes. Claim 5 A power converter (2) according to claim 1, wherein the ON state time of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) is sufficiently long to provide a current that reaches a normal state through the secondary winding of the transformer or autotransformer, and the converter gain is not dependent on a specific duration of the ON state time. Claim 6 In claim 1, the power converter (2) is implemented using a semiconductor comprising one or more of a junction or hetero-junction, hetero-structure, piezoelectric structure, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor, bipolar junction transistor, gate turn-off thyristor, or a combination thereof, or is implemented using a semiconductor technology selected from Si, GaN, and SiC. Claim 7 In paragraph 1, the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) are each inserted into a winding of a transformer or a part of a transformer or a transformer, and are power converters (2). Claim 8 A power converter (2) comprising a control means configured to configure the off time of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) by adjusting a logic control signal (100a) so that the first power switch (31) is turned on when its own voltage approaches or becomes equal to 0. Claim 9 A power converter (2) comprising a control means configured to configure the on times of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) by adjusting a logic control signal (100a) such that the second power switch (32) is turned off with a slight delay relative to the first power switch (31), in such a manner that the second power switch (32) is turned off when its own current approaches or equals zero, or is turned on with a slight delay relative to the instruction for current delivery by the transformer. Claim 10 In claim 9, the control means further comprises a power converter (2) configured to instruct current to be delivered by the transformer by changing at least one of the duty cycle of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32), the delay thereof, and the switching frequency, the additional inductance in series or the leakage inductance of the power transformer or autotransformer. Claim 11 In claim 1, the power converter (2) further comprises the integration of a buck converter forming a 3-port buck-DPX (4) regulated DC-DC-DC converter, wherein the magnetizing inductance of the DPX converter acts as the inductance of the buck converter, and the gain of the converter between the input port and the output port is regulated by at least one of changing the duty cycle and switching the frequency, and power can flow from at least one of the three ports to at least one of the remaining ports. Claim 12 In claim 1, the power converter (2) further comprises a buck converter having a power switch (33) forming a 3-port buck-DPX (4) regulated AC-DC-DC converter, wherein the magnetization inductance of the DPX converter operates as the inductance of the buck converter (3), the gain of said converter between the input port and the output port is regulated by at least one of changing the duty cycle and switching the frequency, and power can flow from at least one of the three ports to at least one of the remaining ports. Claim 13 In claim 12, the first power switch (31) of the DPX and the power switch (33) of the buck converter (3) are configured to operate the 3-port buck-DPX (4) as a quasi-static DC-DC cell, the first DC input port (201) is configured to receive a DC quasi-static voltage from a rectified high power factor AC voltage, the second DC output port (202) is configured to operate as an energy buffer, and the third DC output port (203) is configured to have strict DC voltage regulation, power converter (2). Claim 14 In paragraph 12, the first power switch (31) of the DPX and the power switch (33) of the buck converter (3) are configured to operate the 3-port buck-DPX (4) as a quasi-static DC-DC cell, the first DC input port (201) is configured to receive a DC quasi-static voltage from a rectified high power factor AC voltage, the second DC output port (202) is configured to operate as an energy buffer, and the third DC output port (203) is configured to have strict DC voltage regulation, wherein A. power flows from the first DC input port (201) to the second DC port (202) and the third DC output port (203); B. power flows from the first DC input port (201) and the second DC port (202) to the third DC output port (203); C. power flows from the second DC port (202) to the third DC output port (203); A power converter (2) comprising control means for the switching frequency and duty cycle of the first power switch (31) of the DPX and the power switch (33) of the buck converter (3) of the 3-port buck-DPX (4) to provide power flow according to the three operating power paths (A, B, C). Claim 15 In paragraph 14, the power converter (2) comprises one or more capacitors configured to dynamically adjust the energy buffer to minimize indirect power having a voltage average value associated with an RMS value. Claim 16 In paragraph 13, the DC energy source or DC load is a power converter (2) that is a quasi-static DC voltage forming an AC voltage energy source or AC load. Claim 17 A power converter (2) according to claim 1, comprising a control means for adjusting the peak voltage of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32) by an active clamp, wherein the power conversion is dynamically adjusted according to the adjustment of the duty cycle of the first power switch (31) and the second power switch (32), the delay, and the change in the switching frequency, in accordance with the change in the input voltage, output voltage scaling and positive or negative load current stage.

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