Control method of an olfactory stimulator that outputs an electrical signal to olfactory bulb through non-invasive stimulation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for activating olfactory ability that enables non-invasive activation of olfactory ability using an olfactory stimulation device, comprising: (a) a step of positioning the output end of the olfactory stimulation device in a first region including the user's nasal radix or glabella; (b) a step of outputting an electrical signal of a first condition to the first region from the output end of the olfactory stimulation device to non-invasively stimulate cells of an olfactory bulb (OB) neural network by penetrating the user's frontal bone; and (c) a step in which the output of the electrical signal irradiated to the first region reaches the olfactory bulb region via the frontal bone, and the output of the electrical signal is maintained for a time of a second condition to open cell membrane ion channels of nerve cells constituting the olfactory bulb neural network. and a step (d) in which an action potential is generated in the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb neural network by the electrical signal under the first condition and the second condition.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling an olfactory stimulation device capable of activating olfactory ability through physical stimulation rather than chemical therapy, particularly non-invasive signal stimulation. Background Technology

[0002] The human sense of smell is a crucial sense that detects and distinguishes external odors, thereby enabling the perception of the environment. Smells enter the nose via the air, are converted into electrical signals by olfactory receptor neurons located in the olfactory epithelium, and then transmitted to the olfactory bulb in the brain, which receives, combines, and analyzes odor information from these receptors. Located at the base of the skull, the olfactory bulb plays the role of collecting and analyzing odor signals and transmitting them to the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum.

[0003] Recently, interest in olfactory disorders has increased as many patients have experienced symptoms of olfactory loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the number of people experiencing olfactory loss is rising due to continuous environmental pollution and aging; as olfactory disorders are known to be an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, research on the diagnosis and treatment of olfactory disorders has been continuously conducted.

[0004] Conventionally, questionnaire-based olfactory testing methods such as UPSIT (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test) and KVSS-II (Korean Version of Sniffin' Sticks Test-II) are primarily used for the diagnosis of olfactory disorders. UPSIT consists of 40 olfactory items involving scratching paper to smell, and it is the most widely used olfactory test globally for olfactory function and dementia diagnosis. However, UPSIT has limitations, such as relying on the subject's subjective responses, difficulty in detecting lies, inability to control scent intensity, and the exclusion of threshold and discrimination tests. KVSS-II is the most widely used olfactory function test in domestic clinical practice and consists of olfactory threshold, olfactory discrimination, and olfactory perception tests; however, since olfactory evaluation is similarly based on questionnaire responses derived from the subject's subjective responses, it has limitations in objectivity and reproducibility.

[0005] As such, current diagnostic technologies for olfactory ability lack measurement consistency due to reliance on survey-based subjective evaluations. Furthermore, the high dependence on cognitive function reduces diagnostic reliability for the elderly and children, and accuracy is limited due to result variability across different testing times.

[0006] Conventionally, there are limitations not only in diagnostic technology but also in technologies for treating olfactory disorders. For the treatment of olfactory disorders, chemical stimulation-based olfactory training is primarily used. Regarding conventional patented technologies, Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2427909 describes a composition capable of stimulating the sense of smell by including natural extracts such as rosemary extract, and Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1724310 discloses a composition capable of stimulating the sense of smell by including plum, lavender, and bamboo extracts. However, chemical stimulation-based olfactory training has fundamental limitations in the treatment of olfactory disorders, such as strong subjectivity and difficulty in quantitative evaluation.

[0007] Currently, the only treatment applied for olfactory disorders in hospitals is scent-stimulation-based olfactory training tools, such as the MOXE olfactory training kit. However, the field response to scent-stimulation-based olfactory training tools indicates that their therapeutic effects are limited, training effectiveness is inconsistent due to varying user reactions and sensitivities to specific scents, and there is the inconvenience of users having to conduct the training themselves. Meanwhile, while there are adjuvant therapies and steroid treatments approved for olfactory disorders, most show a low cure rate of 10–20%, failing to serve as a fundamental treatment method.

[0008] As such, research related to the sense of smell is currently limited, but recent technological trends that can be referenced include methods for stimulating in vivo nerves using external electrical stimulation. For example, Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2513099 describes a method for improving cognitive function by stimulating brain nerves using transcranial electrical stimulation, and Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2100696 discloses a method for efficiently controlling brain nerves by stimulating central and peripheral nerves using transcranial electrical stimulation. However, since the olfactory bulb (OB), which transmits olfactory signals, is located deep within the skull, there is a problem in that it is difficult to effectively stimulate olfactory nerves using general surface electrode-based stimulation methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), due to the resistance of the skull and surrounding tissues. Furthermore, some patented technologies disclose invasive methods for stimulating olfactory ability by implanting chips into the brain, but these methods have limitations in that they require surgical procedures and carry a high risk of infection and side effects.

[0009] Therefore, with the continuous increase in patients with olfactory disorders and the growing importance of olfactory function as an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic technologies that can non-invasively and objectively evaluate olfactory ability while ensuring safety and efficacy based on scientific evidence for the restoration of olfactory nerve function. In particular, research based on physical stimulation rather than chemical stimulation is required, and there is a pressing need for technology capable of digitally evaluating olfactory ability by directly stimulating the olfactory bulb neural network non-invasively, while simultaneously activating olfactory capabilities. Prior art literature

[0010] Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2513099 Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2100696 The problem to be solved

[0011] The objective of the present invention is to provide a new method for activating olfactory ability that can diagnose and activate olfactory ability using physical stimulation rather than chemical stimulation.

[0012] Furthermore, the objective of the present invention is to provide a method for olfactory nerve stimulation that is non-invasively applicable without surgical procedures penetrating the skull or electrode insertion, and ensures safety by minimizing side effects and discomfort.

[0013] Furthermore, the objective of the present invention is to provide a method that enables objective and quantitative evaluation of olfactory function, unlike conventional olfactory tests that rely on subjective questionnaires, by utilizing the electrophysiological response of the olfactory bulb neural network to olfactory stimuli. means of solving the problem

[0014] The present invention relates to a method for controlling an olfactory stimulator that outputs an electrical signal to activate olfactory ability through non-invasive stimulation, comprising: (a) a step in which an output terminal of the olfactory stimulator is positioned in a first region including the user's nasal radix or glabella; (b) a step in which, from the output terminal of the olfactory stimulator, an electrical signal of a first condition is output to the first region to non-invasively stimulate cells of an olfactory bulb (OB) neural network by penetrating the user's frontal bone; and (c) a step in which the olfactory stimulator maintains the output of the electrical signal for a time of a second condition so that the electrical signal irradiated to the first region reaches the olfactory bulb region via the frontal bone, thereby opening cell membrane ion channels of nerve cells constituting the olfactory bulb neural network. and the method is characterized by including step (d), in which the olfactory stimulator outputs the electrical signal under the first condition and the second condition, and an action potential is generated in the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb neural network by the electrical signal.

[0015] In one embodiment, step (a) may be positioned such that the output end of the olfactory stimulation device is spaced apart from the surface of the first region by a range of more than 1 cm and more than 30 cm.

[0016] In one embodiment, step (b) can output the electromagnetic waves that are continuously applied without pulse modulation under the first condition as the electrical signal of the olfactory stimulation device.

[0017] In one embodiment, step (b) may allow the olfactory stimulation device to output an electromagnetic wave in the RF (radio frequency) band having a range of 1 GHz to 30 GHz as the electrical signal under the first condition.

[0018] In one embodiment, step (b) may allow the olfactory stimulation device to output an electromagnetic wave with an output power of 15W or less as the electrical signal under the first condition.

[0019] In one embodiment, the olfactory stimulation device includes an antenna of a metastructure having a meta pattern formed at the output terminal for controlling the effective refractive index and phase distribution of the electrical signal, and in step (b), the antenna can output an electrical signal that converges the radiated wave into the first region.

[0020] In one embodiment, step (c) may allow the olfactory stimulation device to maintain the output of the electrical signal for a period of time of 1 minute or more to 15 minutes or less under the second condition.

[0021] In one embodiment, step (d) may increase the electrophysiological activity of the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb neural network in an olfactory response response band including a frequency range of greater than 30 Hz and less than or equal to 100 Hz.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method for activating olfactory ability according to the present invention may further include step (e), in which a device measuring the user's electroencephalogram receives the activation potential and a processor analyzes the user's olfactory ability. Effects of the invention

[0023] According to the present invention, by directly activating the olfactory bulb neural network through non-invasive electromagnetic stimulation rather than chemical stimulation, it is possible to obtain a more rapid and fundamental improvement in olfactory function compared to conventional scent stimulation-based training.

[0024] In addition, according to the present invention, by organically optimizing stimulation conditions such as the area to be stimulated, the distance from the face surface, RF output power, and stimulation time, it is possible to activate olfactory ability while minimizing side effects by opening ion channels of olfactory bulb neurons to induce activation, while maintaining the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) within safety standards.

[0025] Furthermore, according to the present invention, by measuring the electrophysiological response of the olfactory bulb neural network to olfactory stimulation, for example, changes in electrical response power in the frequency band of greater than 30 Hz and less than or equal to 100 Hz, it is possible to achieve an objective and quantitative evaluation of olfactory function, unlike conventional questionnaire-based olfactory tests that rely on the subjective responses of the subject.

[0026] Therefore, the method for activating olfactory ability according to the present invention is a non-invasive olfactory stimulation technology with excellent safety and efficacy, and has high potential for application as a therapeutic technology. Furthermore, it has high potential for industrial use in various medical and healthcare fields, including not only olfaction but also support for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0027] FIG. 1 is one form of an olfactory stimulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an example diagram of the use of an olfactory stimulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of a method for activating olfactory ability according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the opening of ion channels in a neuron according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 (a) shows how odor molecules activate the olfactory bulb through a natural pathway in a normal state, and (b) is an explanatory diagram to explain the principle that sensitivity is enhanced by directly activating the olfactory nerve or strengthening synaptic transmission in the state of RF stimulation. FIG. 6(a) is an explanatory diagram of a first region according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6(b) is an explanatory diagram for explaining how the output terminal of an olfactory stimulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention non-invasively stimulates the first region and targets the olfactory nerve through human body model simulation. Figure 7 shows the results of the electromagnetic wave absorption rate (SAR) simulation and skin temperature measurement of an olfactory stimulation device according to an experimental example of the present invention. Figure 8 shows the results according to an experimental example of the present invention, (a) showing the olfactory nerve response before and after RF stimulation analyzed by spectrogram, (b) showing the results analyzed by power spectral density (PSD), and (c) showing the antenna operating normally even in an environment where a head is present, based on the S-parameter measurement results of the antenna. Figure 9 shows the results of an experimental example of the present invention, where (a) is the result of an experiment on the output of RF stimulation, (b) is the result of an experiment on RF stimulation over time, and (c) is the result showing that the enhanced olfactory sensitivity was maintained for up to one week with only one stimulation. Figure 10 is a result according to an experimental example of the present invention, (a) is a graph comparing brainwave responses when smelling n-butanol before and after RF stimulation, and (b) is a result showing that RF stimulation of the olfactory stimulation device according to the present embodiment enhanced the electrical response sensitivity of the nerves to the smell by visualizing the area showing a statistically significant difference. Figure 11 is the result according to an experimental example of the present invention, showing the results of testing olfactory sensitivity for actual natural foods such as bananas, grapes, and apples. FIG. 12 is an example of a metastructure antenna included in an output terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 is the result of comparing the radiated waves of a general antenna and the radiated waves of a metastructure antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a graph comparing the reflection coefficients of a metastructure antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention and a different antenna as a comparative example. Figure 15 is an experimental example of testing operability by applying continuous application and pulse modulation to the metastructure antenna according to Figure 12. FIG. 16 is an experimental example in which the output terminal of an olfactory stimulation device is configured with a metastructure antenna and a general patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention to test the output power and stimulation time. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0028] The various embodiments described in this document are illustrative for the purpose of clearly explaining the technical concept of the invention and disclosure, and are not intended to limit them to specific embodiments. The technical concept of the invention and disclosure includes various modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and embodiments selectively combined from all or part of each embodiment described in this document. Furthermore, the scope of rights of the technical concept of the invention and disclosure is not limited to the embodiments presented below or the specific descriptions thereof.

[0029] Terms used in this document, including technical or scientific terms, may have the meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention and disclosure pertain.

[0030] Expressions used in this document, such as "includes," "may include," "is equipped," "may be equipped," "has," and "may have," imply that functions, operations, or components exist as the subject feature and do not exclude the existence of other additional features. In other words, such expressions should be understood as open-ended terms implying the possibility of including other embodiments.

[0031] Singular expressions used in this document may include the meaning of the plural form unless the context otherwise indicates, and this applies likewise to singular expressions described in the claims.

[0032] Expressions used in this document such as “A, B, and C,” “A, B, or C,” “A, B, and / or C,” or “at least one of A, B, and C,” “at least one of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and / or C,” “at least one selected from A, B, and C,” “at least one selected from A, B, or C,” “at least one selected from A, B, and / or C,” etc., may mean each of the listed items or all possible combinations of the listed items. For example, “at least one selected from A and B” may refer to (1) A, (2) at least one of A, (3) B, (4) at least one of B, (5) at least one of A and at least one of B, (6) at least one of A and B, (7) at least one of B and A, and (8) all of A and B.

[0033] The expression "based on" as used in this document is used to describe one or more factors affecting an act or action of a decision or judgment described in the phrase or sentence containing such expression, and this expression does not exclude additional factors affecting said act or action of a decision or judgment.

[0034] As used in this document, the expression that a certain component (e.g., a first component) is "connected" or "connected" to another component (e.g., a second component) may mean not only that the said certain component is directly connected or connected to the said other component, but also that it is connected or connected through a new other component (e.g., a third component).

[0035] The expression "configured to" as used in this document may have meanings such as "set to," "capable of," "modified to," "made to," or "able to," depending on the context, and is distinguished from the meaning of "consist."

[0036] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings and the description thereof, identical or substantially equivalent components may be given the same reference numerals. Furthermore, in the description of the various embodiments below, the description of identical or corresponding components may be omitted, but this does not mean that such components are not included in the embodiments.

[0037] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing one form of an olfactory stimulation device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an example of use of an olfactory stimulation device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an olfactory stimulation device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include a fixing part (140), a guide (150), a connecting part (152), a seating part (151), a processor (121), and an output terminal (110).

[0038] The fixing part (140) can perform the function of firmly fixing the olfactory stimulation device (100) to the user's head portion and supporting it so that the output portion (110) maintains a constant distance from the user's face despite the user's movement. The specific shape of the fixing part (140) is not particularly limited as long as it can perform such fixing and supporting functions. For example, the fixing part (140) can be implemented in various forms that can be worn on the head, such as a headband, headset, hat, helmet, headband, etc., and can be made of a flexible and elastic material for ease of wearing. In addition, the fixing part (140) may further include fastening means such as Velcro, an adjustable belt, or a buckle to increase the tightness by adjusting the circumference length to fit the user's head size.

[0039] A guide (150) may be connected to one side of the fixed part (140), for example, the side facing forward when worn by a user. Specifically, a connecting part (152) for mechanical connection with the fixed part (140) is formed at one end of the guide (150) so that it can be firmly connected to one side of the fixed part (140). At this time, when the olfactory stimulation device (100) is mounted on the user's head, the guide (150) is formed to extend a predetermined length from the connecting part (152) toward the user's front (for example, the forehead or the space in front of the nose), thereby securing a space for the output end (110) to be located.

[0040] The guide (150) may be formed with a length that is adjusted or a preset length to distance the output end (110) from the user by an appropriate distance. The length of the guide (150) may be formed in the range of 1 cm to 30 cm, preferably 2 cm to 10 cm, and most preferably 3 cm to 7 cm. By configuring it in this way, the guide (150) can provide a physical separation distance such that the shortest distance between the output end (110) and the user's body surface (e.g., forehead or skin near the nasal cavity) is 1 cm to 30 cm, preferably 2 cm to 10 cm, and most preferably 3 cm to 7 cm.

[0041] A mounting portion (151) for supporting an output portion (110) may be formed at the other end of the guide (150). The mounting portion (151) may be formed in a shape that is bent downward toward the ground or protrudes toward the user's face from the other end of the guide (150) and positioned to face the user (1). An output portion (110) that emits an electrical signal for olfactory nerve stimulation may be mounted and provided on the mounting portion (151). At this time, as the output portion (110) is provided on the mounting portion (151), it faces a specific body part of the user, and accordingly, the direction of irradiation of the electrical signal generated from the output portion (110) can be guided so that the electrical signal is concentrated and emitted to a specific area (first area) where the user's olfactory nerve is located.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the seating portion (151) may have a structure connected to the other end of the guide (150) so as to be slidably movable on the guide (150). Specifically, in order to enable the seating portion (151) to slide along the longitudinal direction of the guide (150) to move closer to or further away from the user, a rail (or track, guide groove, etc.) may be provided on the side or bottom surface of the guide (150), and correspondingly, the seating portion (151) may include a roller (or bearing, slider, etc.) that can move smoothly along the rail. Through such a sliding structure, the seating portion (151) slides forward and backward on the guide (150) to finely adjust the distance between the user and the output end (110), which is an olfactory nerve stimulation portion, according to the position of the user's nasal cavity or the shape of the head.

[0043] Additionally, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting portion (151) may be connected to the other end of the guide (150) so as to be rotatable with the other end of the guide (150) as the central axis. Specifically, the other end of the guide (150) and one surface of the mounting portion (151) (e.g., the top surface of the flat square-shaped mounting portion (151)) are connected through a hinge structure so that the angle of the mounting portion (151) can be adjusted with the other end of the guide (150) as the central axis of rotation. Meanwhile, the other end of the guide (150), particularly the hinge connection portion, may further include a stopper that limits or fixes rotation so that the angle of the mounting portion (151) can be stably maintained after it has been rotated. As the mounting portion (151) rotates around the other end of the guide (150) as a central axis, the direction in which the output portion (110) faces can be changed, thereby optimizing and adjusting the angle of incidence of the electrical signal emitted toward the user's olfactory nerve.

[0044] The output terminal (110) may include an antenna of a metastructure having a meta-pattern formed thereon for controlling the effective refractive index and phase distribution of an electrical signal to focus the signal at a specific point or beam steering. A specific embodiment of the antenna configured in the output terminal (110) will be described later through FIG. 12. The output terminal (110) refers to a means for outputting an electrical signal generated by an olfactory stimulation device (100) to the outside, that is, in the direction of the user's olfactory nerve. In this embodiment, the electrical signal may include various forms of energy waves capable of non-invasively stimulating the olfactory nerve to induce activation. For example, the electrical signal may include non-invasive electrical stimulation signals such as radio frequency (RF) which has excellent penetration into the human body and is suitable for stimulating nerves inside bones, microwaves, or ultrasound which has a neuromodulatory effect.

[0045] The olfactory stimulation device (100) of FIG. 1 described above is merely one example of various stimulation devices that may be adopted to perform the method of activating olfactory ability disclosed in this specification. The olfactory stimulation device (100) according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the external structure shown in FIG. 1 and can be implemented in any form as long as it is a device capable of concentrating and irradiating or transmitting electrical signals to a specific area (first area) within the user's body through a non-invasive method. Here, specific parameters and control conditions of the electrical signal will be described later. Accordingly, the olfactory stimulation device (100) according to the concept of the present invention may be implemented as a stationary device that is fixedly placed at a specific location (e.g., a tabletop, a stand, or a medical arm) without wearing means such as a fixing part (140) or a guide (150), unlike FIG. 1. In this case, when a user is positioned in front of the device, the output terminal (110) may be configured to emit an electrical signal toward a first area while maintaining a predetermined distance from the user's face without physically contacting the user's face. Additionally, as another embodiment of the present invention, the olfactory stimulation device (100) may be implemented as a wearable device such as glasses, goggles, or a sun cap. Even in the case of such a wearable form, it can be applied without limitation as long as it is designed so that the output terminal (110) is maintained at a predetermined distance from the skin surface, such as the user's nose bridge, forehead, or between the eyebrows, by means of the device's frame or support structure, thereby enabling the stable irradiation of an electrical signal toward the first area through an air layer.

[0046] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of a method for activating olfactory ability according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 3, a method for activating olfactory ability may include (a) step (S10) of positioning the output terminal (110) of an olfactory stimulation device in a first region (ROI, see FIG. 6), (b) step (S20) of outputting an electrical signal of a first condition to the first region (ROI), (c) step (S30) of maintaining the output of the electrical signal for a time of a second condition, (d) step (S40) of increasing the electrophysiological activity of olfactory bulb (OB) neurons under the first and second conditions, and (e) step (S50) of analyzing the activity of neurons to analyze the user's olfactory ability.

[0048] A method for activating olfactory ability according to an embodiment of the present invention can substantially activate a user's olfactory ability or improve sensitivity by applying physical neural stimulation through the process of steps (a) (S10) to (d) (S40), and subsequently, the activated olfactory ability can be systematically quantified and evaluated through step (e) (S50). Specifically, the analysis of neuronal activity in step (e) (S50) can be performed by adding a separate electrode for receiving electroencephalogram (EEG) signals as an integral part to the olfactory stimulation device (100) itself to measure in real time, or by using a separate external device for measuring electroencephalograms in parallel with the olfactory stimulation device (100) for precise analysis. Through this, changes in neural activity before and after stimulation can be digitized to objectively determine the degree of improvement in olfactory function.

[0049] (a) Step (S10) is a step of positioning the output terminal (110) of the olfactory stimulation device (100) in a first region (ROI) including the user's nasal radix or glabella. In the olfactory ability activation method according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the area stimulated by the electrical signal is formed as a specific region (first region). The first region (ROI) may be defined as an area on the user's face including the nasal radix or glabella. The significance of positioning the output terminal (110) of the olfactory stimulation device (100) in the first region (ROI) in Step (a) (S10) is as follows.

[0050] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the mechanism of opening ion channels (IC) of nerve cells according to an embodiment of the present invention. Although it will be described in more detail in the following steps, the electrical signal output by the olfactory stimulation device (100) according to the present invention is intended to electrophysiologically activate various olfactory nerve cells included in the neural network of the olfactory bulb non-invasively without physical invasion. This is because, through such activation of nerve cells, the user's olfactory sensitivity can be increased and the overall olfactory ability can be improved.

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates a specific in vivo mechanism in which stimulation by an externally applied electrical signal activates a nerve cell. To explain this with a specific embodiment, when an electromagnetic wave (e.g., RF wave) emitted from the output terminal (110) of an olfactory stimulation device (100) penetrates bone and tissue and reaches the olfactory nerve region of the brain, the electrical signal can physically stimulate ion channels (IC, ion Channel) present in the cell membrane of the nerve cell or affect the cell membrane potential.

[0052] Generally, ion channels (ICs) in neurons have a voltage-dependent characteristic, opening when the cell membrane potential rises above a certain level. Therefore, when the membrane potential of a neuron rises due to an external electrical signal and reaches the threshold potential, the closed ion channels (ICs) open. When the ion channels (ICs) open, external cations (e.g., Na₂ + Depolarization occurs as substances (e.g.) rapidly flow into the cell, causing the nerve cell to transition to an activated state. Through this series of processes, **action potentials (APs)** in the form of electrical pulses are generated within the nerve cell. The action potentials generated at this time appear in an oscillating form, possessing a constant and identical peak voltage value regardless of the intensity of the stimulus. Therefore, the degree of nerve cell activation caused by stimulation can be represented not by the magnitude of individual action potentials, but by the frequency of action potentials generated per unit time or the synchronization of the neural population. Subsequently, by analyzing the pattern of such action potential generation in the frequency domain, the present invention enables the quantitative measurement and evaluation of the degree of olfactory nerve activation.

[0053] Figure 5 (a) shows how odor molecules activate the olfactory bulb through a natural pathway in a normal state, and (b) is an explanatory diagram to explain the principle that sensitivity is enhanced by directly activating the olfactory nerve or strengthening synaptic transmission in the state of RF stimulation.

[0054] Referring to Fig. 5, in the normal state, external odor molecules enter the nasal cavity and bind to olfactory receptors, generating a natural action potential (AP) that is transmitted to the brain. On the other hand, in the RF entrainment state, RF (Radio Frequency) waves penetrate the frontal bone, which is a physical barrier, and reach the first region of interest (ROI) where the olfactory bulb is located. At this time, unlike other electromagnetic wave bands such as infrared, visible light, or X-rays, the RF waves have a wavelength band (e.g., 1 GHz to 30 GHz band, preferably 2.45 GHz) that has a relatively high penetration rate into human tissues and bones, thereby allowing for non-invasive direct stimulation of olfactory nerves located deep inside the skull or inducing synaptic strengthening that increases signal transmission efficiency by regulating the membrane potential of nerve cells. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5(b), the frequency of action potentials of nerve cells can be increased or synchronized while RF stimulation is applied, thereby dramatically improving olfactory sensitivity.

[0055] In particular, in an embodiment of the present invention, it may be more advantageous in terms of electrical signal transmission efficiency for the output terminal (110) to be spaced apart by a predetermined distance (e.g., 1 cm to 30 cm) without contacting the user's skin (forehead). If the output terminal (110) comes into direct contact with the skin, there is a possibility that an impedance mismatch may occur in the near-field region of the antenna due to the high dielectric constant of human skin, or that electrical energy may be lost due to dielectric heating on the skin surface before propagating to the deep tissue. On the other hand, when emitting electromagnetic waves while the output terminal (110) is spaced apart from the first region (ROI) as in the present invention, the RF waves pass through the air layer and form a stable radiation pattern before being incident. Therefore, it can provide structurally and theoretically advantageous effects for effectively penetrating the inside of the bone and penetrating deeply to the target point, the olfactory bulb, while minimizing reflection from the surface of the frontal bone or energy attenuation from the epidermis. Accordingly, in this embodiment, step (a) (S10) may be positioned such that the output terminal (110) of the olfactory stimulation device (100) is spaced apart from the surface of the first region (ROI) by a range of more than 1 cm and more than 30 cm.

[0056] More preferably, the output terminal (110) may be positioned at a distance of 5 cm to 15 cm from the surface of the first region (ROI), particularly at a distance of about 10 cm. This is based on experimental and simulation results to be described later, because when the output terminal (110) is positioned at a distance of about 10 cm (error ±10%) from the user's forehead, the emitted RF signal (e.g., 2.45 GHz, error ±10%) forms the most effective radiation pattern and is concentrated on the olfactory nerve region (first region) located around the nasal cavity. Specifically, it was confirmed that at the said distance (10 cm, error ±10%), the electrical signal reaches a maximum gain (max gain, e.g., level 0.8) for the region where the olfactory nerve is located, thereby optimizing energy transfer efficiency. Therefore, in step (a) (S10), it is advantageous to maintain the optimized distance range rather than a simple separation to accurately target the olfactory nerve located deep inside the skull and prevent unnecessary diffusion into surrounding tissues.

[0057] FIG. 6(a) is an explanatory diagram of a first region according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6(b) is an explanatory diagram for explaining how the output terminal of an olfactory stimulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention non-invasively stimulates the first region and targets the olfactory nerve through human body model simulation.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 6(a), the first region (ROI), which is the target point where the olfactory stimulation device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention irradiates an electrical signal, may include a specific section anatomically located in the center of the user's face. Specifically, the first region (ROI) may be defined as an area including the Glabella, which is a flat area between the two eyebrows, and the Radix, which is a concave area where the bridge of the nose begins. This area corresponds to the facial surface location anatomically closest to the olfactory bulb and cribriform plate inside the skull. Accordingly, by positioning the output terminal (110) to be directed toward the first region (ROI) including the Glabella and Radix, an incident path advantageous for the electrical signal to bypass the unnecessary thick bone portion of the skull or to penetrate the frontal bone through the shortest path and be transmitted to the olfactory nervous system can be secured.

[0059] FIG. 6(b) is the result of a 3D human body model simulation showing the electromagnetic field distribution when an electrical signal is output targeting the first region (ROI) defined above. Referring to FIG. 6(b), when an RF signal is emitted while the output terminal (110) is positioned spaced apart from the front of the first region (ROI), it can be seen that the formed radiation pattern passes through the surface of the first region (ROI) and penetrates deep into the skull. In particular, as confirmed by the red dotted line area and field distribution of the simulation results, it was confirmed that the externally applied electrical signal is not reflected or lost from the epidermis or the surface of the skull, but reaches the depth region of the upper nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb, where actual olfactory nerve cells are densely concentrated, with an effective energy level. This demonstrates that the non-invasive stimulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention can go beyond surface stimulation and physically target and activate olfactory nerve tissue located deep within the body.

[0060] (b) Step (S20) is a step of outputting an electrical signal of a first condition to a first region (ROI) from the output terminal (110) of the olfactory stimulation device (100) to non-invasively stimulate the cells of the olfactory bulb neural network by penetrating the user's frontal bone. In (b) Step (S20), the olfactory stimulation device (100) can output an electromagnetic wave that is continuously applied without pulse modulation under the first condition as an electrical signal.

[0061] (b) Step (S20) is a step of outputting an electrical signal of a ‘first condition’ to a first region (ROI) from the output terminal (110) of the olfactory stimulation device (100) to non-invasively stimulate cells of the olfactory bulb neural network located deep within the user’s skull, particularly the frontal bone.

[0062] In this embodiment, in step (b) (S20), the olfactory stimulation device (100) may output a continuous wave as an electrical signal that is applied continuously without pulse modulation as a first condition. This is intended to prevent irregular excitation or rapid changes in the nervous system that may be caused by intermittent pulse stimulation, and to induce entrainment of nerve cells through continuous and stable energy delivery. Additionally, in step (b) (S20), the olfactory stimulation device (100) may output an electromagnetic wave as an electrical signal in the RF (Radio Frequency) band, specifically in the 2.45 GHz band which has excellent human body penetration, as a first condition. Compared to other electromagnetic waves (infrared, visible light, etc.), this frequency band has excellent physical characteristics for penetrating bones and tissues to stimulate deep nerves.

[0063] In this embodiment, the 'first condition' may refer to essential parameters that must be medically strictly controlled to safely activate the olfactory nerve without side effects such as thermal damage or tissue destruction, and may include the type of electrical signal, frequency band, and output power.

[0064] Specifically, in step (b) (S20), the olfactory stimulation device (100) may output an electromagnetic wave as an electrical signal with an output power of 15W or less as a first condition. If the output power exceeds 15W, there may be a risk of unnecessarily stimulating adjacent areas of the brain or causing unexpected thermal damage (thermal effect), even if the irradiation time is reduced. On the other hand, if the output is excessively low (e.g., 1 to 2W), it may not be able to raise the membrane potential of nerve cells above the threshold, and thus the effect of improving olfactory sensitivity may be minimal.

[0065] Accordingly, it is desirable that the first condition according to the embodiment of the present invention be set to an optimized range that simultaneously satisfies safety and efficacy. According to the experimental example of the present invention to be described later, it was confirmed that the olfactory threshold score was highest in the output range of 10W to 20W, thereby maximizing the neural activation effect. In particular, it was verified that when stimulation was applied for 5 minutes with an output of 15W, olfactory ability was safely improved without an increase in skin temperature or thermal side effects. In this embodiment, step (b) (S20) can output an electrical signal that converges the radiated waves to the first region (ROI) in an embodiment in which the antenna (320, FIG. 12) of the metastructure is included at the output terminal (110). In this case, it was confirmed that optimization is possible by achieving the same effect of stimulating the olfactory bulb with an output power of 5W (±10% error) for an irradiation time of up to 5 minutes (±10% error).

[0066] In summary, the most preferred first condition in this embodiment is to optimize the electrical signal by setting the output power to 15W or less, more specifically to 5W to 10W, and controlling the irradiation time to 5 to 10 minutes. An embodiment in which the output is limited to a level of 5W, which is the minimum range at which a significant effect begins, depending on the user's condition or the device's safety mode setting, may also be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0067] (c) Step (S30) is a step of continuously maintaining the output of the electrical signal for a period of time of the 'second condition' so that the electrical signal irradiated in the first region (ROI) reaches the deep olfactory bulb region via the frontal bone, and the cell membrane ion channels (IC) of the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb neural network are sufficiently opened by the energy accumulated in the said region to generate an activation potential.

[0068] (c) In step (S30), the olfactory stimulation device (100) can maintain the output of an electrical signal without interruption for a period of time of 1 minute or more to 15 minutes or less under the second condition. Here, the second condition refers to a condition regarding the 'duration' during which the electrical signal is continuously applied to the first region (ROI), and this is set in organic linkage with the aforementioned first condition (output power, waveform, etc.) and the physical arrangement condition of the device (distance). Generally, the required duration may be shortened as the intensity of the stimulation (output power) is stronger or the distance is shorter; however, due to the nature of the present invention which involves direct stimulation of the brain nervous system, the second condition requires optimization by prioritizing not only physical efficiency but also medical safety.

[0069] Specifically, the second condition may vary depending on the separation distance and output power of the electrical signal, but if irradiation is performed for a long time exceeding 15 minutes, there is a risk that olfactory habituation may increase or adjacent areas of the brain may be unnecessarily stimulated, leading to headaches, dizziness, or unexpected thermal side effects. Therefore, in order to simultaneously ensure stable therapeutic effects and user safety, it is desirable that the second condition be linked so that it is limited to within 15 minutes when the first condition is set to an output of 15W or less.

[0070] According to the experimental examples and clinical results to be described later, under the first condition in which the output terminal (110) is spaced 5 cm to 10 cm away from the first region (ROI) and the output power is formed to be 5 W to 15 W, the neural activation effect gradually increased after the start of stimulation and reached a maximal effect and saturated at about 5 minutes. That is, even if stimulation is continued for more than 5 minutes, there was no significant difference in effect up to 10 minutes, which suggests that unnecessarily long stimulation does not provide additional benefit. Therefore, as the most preferred embodiment considering energy efficiency and safety, the second condition can be set to a time range of 5 to 10 minutes, and through this, an optimal protocol that maximizes neural activity with the minimum stimulation time can be implemented.

[0071] (d) Step (S40) is a step in which an action potential is induced and generated as stimulation exceeding an electrophysiological threshold accumulates in the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb (OB) neural network inside the skull in response to an electrical signal continuously output to the first region (ROI) according to the first condition (output and distance) and the second condition (time). In this process, the external electrical signal can act as a trigger to synchronize the firing of the neurons or increase the firing frequency.

[0072] Specifically, step (d) (S40) may be a step in which the electrophysiological activity of the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb neural network significantly increases in the 'olfactory response band' which includes a frequency range of greater than 30 Hz and less than or equal to 100 Hz. Generally, the 30 Hz to 100 Hz band is a region that overlaps with the gamma band of brain waves and corresponds to the main frequency band observed when signal transmission between neurons is active during the processing and recognition of olfactory information. According to the experimental results of the present invention to be described later, compared to the resting state before RF stimulation is applied, it was confirmed that the Power Spectral Density (PSD) in the corresponding frequency band (30-100 Hz) significantly increases during the application of stimulation. This does not mean a simple increase in noise, but rather that neural activity is amplified as the olfactory nervous system is 'awakened' by external stimulation or transitions to a ready state for sensory processing. Therefore, through step (d) (S40), the user's olfactory nervous system can be transitioned to a highly sensitive state capable of reacting sensitively even to minute odor molecules.

[0073] (e) Step (S50) is a step in which a device measuring the user's (1) electroencephalogram signal receives an active potential and a processor (121) analyzes the user's olfactory ability. The processor (121) performing the data processing may be a microcontroller (MCU) integrated within the olfactory stimulation device (100), but it may also be configured as a separate external server or cloud system connected via wireless communication for large-scale data analysis.

[0074] Specifically, in step (e) (S50), the processor (121) can evaluate olfactory ability by performing time-frequency analysis on the received electroencephalogram signal to convert it into a spectrogram and calculating the change in power spectral density (PSD) in a specific frequency band (e.g., 30 Hz to 100 Hz). For example, the processor (121) can primarily determine whether neural activation has occurred by determining whether the PSD value after stimulation has increased by more than a threshold (e.g., about 20% to 30% or more) compared to the baseline state before stimulation.

[0075] Furthermore, step (e) (S50) according to an embodiment of the present invention may not merely measure neural activity, but may further include a process of calculating an 'olfactory threshold' score to determine the degree of improvement in actual odor perception ability. A processor (121) may receive user response data to a standardized olfactory test substance, such as n-butanol, and score the minimum concentration level capable of detecting the lowest concentration of odor (e.g., a scale of 1 to 16 points). At this time, if the olfactory threshold score measured after RF stimulation is applied reaches a preset reference value (e.g., 15 points or higher, a value close to the maximum score) or shows a significant increase compared to before stimulation, the processor (121) may finally determine that the user's olfactory ability is 'activated' or 'hypersensitized'. Through this quantitative evaluation algorithm, the present invention can verify and monitor the improvement effect of olfactory function based on objective biosignals and threshold data rather than subjective feelings.

[0076] Hereinafter, an experimental example of the method for activating olfactory ability according to the present embodiment is described.

[0077] Figure 7 shows the results of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) simulation and skin temperature measurement of an olfactory stimulation device according to an experimental example of the present invention. In this experiment, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was simulated when RF signals were emitted at outputs of 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W with the antenna (output terminal) spaced away from the forehead using 3D human body modeling, and the skin temperature was measured using a thermal imaging camera when stimulation was applied for 5 minutes at an actual output of 15W. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the skin temperature of the stimulated area remained stable without a significant increase compared to the baseline even under the 15W output condition. This proves that the aforementioned first condition (15W or less) is a safe range that does not cause thermal damage or the risk of overheating to the human body, and suggests that the non-invasive RF stimulation according to the present invention can be applied safely in a medical context.

[0078] Figure 8 shows the results according to an experimental example of the present invention, where (a) shows the olfactory nerve response before and after RF stimulation analyzed by spectrogram, (b) shows the results analyzed by power spectral density (PSD), and (c) shows the S-parameter measurement results of the antenna. As a result of the experiment, the electrical signal of the olfactory nerve during RF stimulation showed a pattern in which the power spectral density (PSD) significantly increased in the frequency band of 30 Hz to 100 Hz compared to the resting period. This means that the RF signal does not merely pass through the skin but physically amplifies the electrophysiological activity of the actual olfactory bulb neurons. In addition, the S-parameter measurement result (c) confirmed that the antenna operates normally without significant changes in the resonance frequency even in an environment where a human head is present, confirming that the output stage design of the present invention exhibits reliable performance even in a biological application environment.

[0079] Figure 9 shows the results according to an experimental example of the present invention, where (a) shows the change in olfactory threshold scores by RF stimulation output, (b) shows the change in olfactory threshold scores by stimulation time, and (c) shows the duration of the effect. As a result of the threshold test using n-butanol, the olfactory threshold score was approximately 15.88 points (maximum score 16 points) in the range where the output power was 10W to 20W, showing almost perfect detection ability, which is a significant improvement compared to before stimulation (approximately 9.73 points). In addition, the effect saturated and reached a maximum when the stimulation time was performed for 5 minutes or more rather than 1 minute, and it was found that the enhanced olfactory sensitivity was maintained for up to 1 week (7 days) with only a single stimulation (15W, 5 minutes). These results strongly support the first condition (10~15W) and the second condition (5~10 minutes) presented earlier as an efficient optimal protocol that maximizes olfactory ability.

[0080] Figure 10 shows the results according to an experimental example of the present invention, where (a) is a graph comparing brainwave responses when smelling n-butanol before and after RF stimulation, and (b) is a visualization of the region showing a statistically significant difference. As a result of the experiment, when the same n-butanol smell was presented after receiving RF stimulation (Post), the response intensity of the olfactory nerves was found to be more than 29.45% higher on average across the entire frequency band compared to before stimulation (Pre). This suggests that RF stimulation induces a 'sensitization' effect that goes beyond merely temporarily exciting the nerves to strengthening the sensitivity of the nervous system to detect external odor molecules. In other words, the present invention provides the effect of improving neurotransmission efficiency so that even weak odor signals are perceived more strongly by the brain.

[0081] Figure 11 shows the results of an experiment on olfactory sensitivity to actual natural food scents, such as banana, grape, and apple, according to an experimental example of the present invention. As a result of the experiment, the olfactory threshold scores of the subjects increased statistically significantly after RF stimulation not only for the chemical substance n-butanol but also for actual fruit scents composed of complex volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This suggests that the method for activating olfactory ability according to the present invention is not limited to a laboratory environment but can be universally applied to improve practical olfactory functions, such as perceiving and distinguishing various smells encountered in daily life.

[0082] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metastructure antenna (320) that may be included in an output terminal (110) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 12 (a) is a perspective view of a form in which the metastructure antenna (320) is embedded and formed into a module (240), and FIG. 12 (b) is a perspective view showing an internal structure in which a plurality of antennas (320) are stacked.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 12, the antenna module (240) according to the present embodiment may be configured to include a waveguide (310) forming an exterior and a plurality of antennas (320) housed therein. The waveguide (310) can perform the role of limiting and guiding the transmission direction of electromagnetic waves to one direction toward a first region (ROI) by inducing the electromagnetic waves inside to travel along a predetermined path without leaking to the outside. The waveguide (310) may be provided as a rectangular waveguide member having an internal space and may be formed of a dielectric or conductive metal material considering the reflection and transmission efficiency of electromagnetic waves. Through this, the energy emitted from the output terminal (110) can be prevented from scattering to the surroundings and concentrated at a target point.

[0084] Multiple unit elements, such as antennas (320), are provided inside the waveguide (310), and these can be sequentially stacked and arranged along the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves (z-axis direction). Here, the antenna (320) is a metamaterial-based structure designed to possess electromagnetic properties that do not exist in nature, and can induce a beam focusing effect by implementing a double negative characteristic that simultaneously possesses negative permittivity and negative permeability in a specific frequency band. Such an antenna (320) can increase radiation power through the resonance phenomenon unique to metamaterials and can generate high gain even at a size smaller than the wavelength, thereby enabling the overall miniaturization of the antenna module (240). Additionally, by controlling the equivalent negative permeability through the adjustment of structural parameters, the antenna (320) can be finely tuned to an operating frequency optimized for olfactory nerve stimulation.

[0085] Looking at the specific structure, the individual antenna (320) may be configured to include a substrate (321) and a metal pattern (325) formed thereon. The substrate (321) serves as a base supporting the metamaterial structure and may be provided as a dielectric substrate capable of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) processing. The substrate (321) is provided in the form of a rectangular plate having a predetermined width, width, and thickness, and is provided in a size corresponding to the inner cross-sectional space of the waveguide (310) so that it can be inserted into the waveguide (310) without gaps. According to an embodiment, the substrate (321) may be provided as a low-loss dielectric material such as Teflon (PTFE) to minimize dielectric loss in the high-frequency band.

[0086] A metal pattern (325) may be formed on one or both sides of a substrate (321). The metal pattern (325) may be patterned in a square ring shape or a similar geometric structure that forms a closed loop on the substrate (321), and may be made of a metal material having high conductivity. According to an embodiment, the metal pattern (325) may be provided as a square-shaped pattern with equal horizontal and vertical lengths, thereby having symmetrical characteristics with respect to vertical and horizontal polarization. In this case, the metal pattern (325) may be provided as a material of copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), or an alloy thereof to minimize electrical resistance.

[0087] The antenna (320) designed in this manner can operate such that the effective permittivity and effective permeability have negative values ​​within a specific frequency band (ISM band) allocated for medical or industrial use. According to a preferred embodiment, the antenna (320) can be designed to resonate at the center frequency of the 2.45 GHz band used for olfactory stimulation of the present invention and to exhibit negative refractive index characteristics. This contributes to the RF signal emitted from the output terminal (110) overcoming the diffraction limit and focusing energy to the olfactory nerve located deep within the user's frontal bone.

[0088] The aforementioned plurality of antennas (320) are sequentially stacked at regular intervals within the waveguide (310), and the metal patterns (325) of each layer can be aligned so as to overlap each other by being placed on the same central axis line along the stacking direction (z-axis) of the antennas (320). This stacked structure induces electromagnetic coupling of the unit antennas to form strong directivity. According to an embodiment, 10 to 15 antennas (320) may be stacked within the waveguide (310) considering the required antenna gain and the thickness of the module.

[0089] FIG. 13 is a result of comparing the radiation wave of a general antenna with the radiation wave of a metastructure antenna (320) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The left side shows the radiation wave of a general patch-type antenna, and the right side shows the radiation wave of a metastructure antenna (320). In this experimental example, the beam concentration of the metastructure antenna (320) can be visually confirmed.

[0090] FIG. 14 is a graph comparing the reflection coefficients of a metastructure antenna (320) according to an embodiment of the present invention and other antennas. Since the antenna module (A) according to an embodiment of the present invention is filled with a metamaterial-based antenna, impedance matching occurs in the 2.45 GHz band. It can be confirmed that it has a reflection coefficient of -15 dB at 2.45 GHz and generates a TE12 mode inside the antenna. On the other hand, in the antenna modules (B, C) according to the first and second comparative examples, resonance occurs at 6.4 GHz and 12 GHz, which are higher than 2.45 GHz. As such, the antenna module (A) according to an embodiment of the present invention has a reduced size as metamaterial-based antennas are stacked, and electromagnetic waves in the near field can be concentrated into a narrow area.

[0091] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an experimental example to verify that the output terminal, i.e., the metastructure antenna (320), according to an embodiment of the present invention operates accurately not only in continuous wave mode but also in pulse modulation mode.

[0092] Referring to Fig. 15, for this experiment, a wireless power transmission environment was configured by placing a meta-surface antenna at the top as a means of transmitting electrical signals and a patch antenna at the bottom as a means of receiving signals. At this time, the receiving patch antenna is connected to an RF-DC converter and an LED, and is designed so that the LED lights up when an RF signal emitted from the meta-surface antenna is received. Through this, the transmission of signals in the invisible high-frequency band and the temporal pattern can be visually confirmed.

[0093] According to the present experimental example, the metastructure antenna (320) can exhibit stable operation performance not only in a continuous mode that continuously emits energy without pulse modulation, but also in a pulse mode with a specific frequency rhythm. The right graph of FIG. 15 shows the waveform of RF stimulation applied for 1 second (1s) and the response of the LED accordingly. Specifically, when the RF signal is pulse-modulated and transmitted at frequencies of 20Hz, 30Hz, and 40Hz, it was confirmed that the LED on the receiving side also lights up (On / Off) at a period of 20Hz, 30Hz, and 40Hz, accurately synchronized with the transmitted signal without delay or distortion.

[0094] These experimental results suggest that the olfactory stimulation device (100) of the present invention possesses precise control capabilities capable of inducing neuronal oscillations of a specific frequency, going beyond simply transmitting energy. That is, the metastructure antenna (320) can pattern electrical signals to match the unique rhythm of the olfactory nervous system or a specific brainwave band (e.g., gamma band, 30Hz to 40Hz, etc.) that promotes activation, and demonstrates that the pattern can be accurately transmitted to a target point without loss even at a distance.

[0095] FIG. 16 is an experimental example in which the output terminal of an olfactory stimulation device is configured with a meta-RF antenna and a general patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention to test the output power and stimulation time.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 16(a), the metastructure antenna applied in the embodiment of the present invention shows that, despite having a significantly reduced small form factor compared to a conventional patch antenna, it can achieve excellent radiation performance through control of electromagnetic characteristics.

[0097] In particular, the technical superiority can be clearly compared by referring to FIGS. 16(b) and (c). As shown in the left graph of FIG. 16(b), when using a standard patch antenna, it can be seen that a high output power of 15W is required to achieve a perfect score (based on KVSS 16 points) and obtain a sufficient therapeutic effect. On the other hand, as shown in the right graph of FIG. 16(b), when the metastructure antenna of the present invention is applied, it was confirmed that a perfect olfactory threshold score equivalent to the 15W condition of a standard patch antenna is achieved even under a low output power condition of only 5W. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 16(c), the metastructure antenna demonstrated the ability to maximize olfactory sensitivity with only a short stimulation time of 5 minutes, even under low power conditions of 5W.

[0098] These experimental results demonstrate that the metastructure antenna, which is the output terminal (110) of the present invention, maximizes the beam focusing efficiency and penetration power of electromagnetic waves, thereby minimizing wasted energy and precisely delivering energy to the target olfactory bulb. As an implication, the present invention can induce an olfactory activation effect equivalent to or greater than that of a 5W low-power operation without using high power of up to 15W. This has significant technical significance in that it not only reduces the battery consumption of the device and increases the possibility of implementation as a wearable device, but also secures medical safety by drastically reducing the total amount of energy delivered to the brain and adjacent tissues, thereby fundamentally eliminating the risk of thermal damage or side effects.

[0099] Although the technical concept of the present invention and disclosure has been explained by the embodiments described above, the technical concept of the present invention includes various substitutions, modifications, and changes that can be made within the scope of understanding of those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Furthermore, it should be understood that such substitutions, modifications, and changes may be included within the scope of the appended claims. Explanation of the symbols

[0100] 100: Olfactory stimulation device 110: Output terminal 121: Processor 140: Fixed part 150: Guide 152: Connection 151: Settlement 300: User terminal device 240: Antenna module 310: Waveguide 320: Antenna 321: Board 325: Metal pattern

Claims

Claim 1 A method for controlling an olfactory stimulator that outputs an electrical signal to activate olfactory ability through non-invasive stimulation, comprising: (a) a step in which an output terminal of the olfactory stimulator that outputs the electrical signal is positioned in a first region including the user's nasal radix or glabella; (b) a step in which, from the output terminal of the olfactory stimulator, an electrical signal of a first condition is output to the first region to non-invasively stimulate cells of an olfactory bulb (OB) neural network by penetrating the user's frontal bone; and (c) a step in which the olfactory stimulator maintains the output of the electrical signal for a time of a second condition so that the electrical signal irradiated to the first region reaches the olfactory bulb region via the frontal bone, thereby opening cell membrane ion channels of nerve cells constituting the olfactory bulb neural network. and (d) a step in which the olfactory stimulator outputs the electrical signal with the first condition and the second condition, and an action potential is generated in the neurons constituting the olfactory bulb neural network by the electrical signal; characterized by comprising a control method. Claim 2 A control method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) is characterized in that the output end of the olfactory stimulation device is positioned so as to be spaced apart from the surface of the first region by a range of more than 1 cm and more than 30 cm. Claim 3 A control method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is characterized in that the olfactory stimulation device outputs an electromagnetic wave that is continuously applied without pulse modulation under the first condition as the electrical signal. Claim 4 A control method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is characterized in that the olfactory stimulation device outputs an electromagnetic wave in an RF (radio frequency) band having a range of 1 GHz to 30 GHz as the electrical signal under the first condition. Claim 5 A control method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is characterized in that the olfactory stimulation device outputs an electromagnetic wave with an output power of 20W or less as the electrical signal under the first condition. Claim 6 In claim 1, the olfactory stimulation device includes an antenna of a metastructure having a meta pattern formed at the output terminal for controlling the effective refractive index and phase distribution of the electrical signal, and the control method is characterized in that step (b) is characterized in that the antenna outputs an electrical signal that converges a radiated wave into the first region. Claim 7 A control method according to claim 1, wherein step (c) is characterized in that the olfactory stimulation device maintains the output of the electrical signal for a period of time of 1 minute or more to 15 minutes or less under the second condition. Claim 8 delete Claim 9 A control method according to claim 1, further comprising: (e) a step in which a device measuring the user’s electroencephalogram signal receives the active potential and a processor analyzes the user’s olfactory ability.

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