Smoke detector

Abstract

A fire detector is disclosed. The fire detector of the present invention comprises: a housing having one side attached to the ceiling or wall of a building; and a fine dust sensor and a control unit provided within the housing, wherein the fine dust sensor measures light scattering caused by airborne particles, and the control unit receives the signal from the fine dust sensor in real time to determine a fire. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fire detector configured to detect a fire quickly and accurately.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire detector, and more specifically, to a fire detector configured to detect a fire and emit an alarm. Background Technology

[0002] A fire detector refers to a component that directly detects fire in an automatic fire detection system or an automatic fire extinguishing system, and there are differential detectors that use the expansion of air and heat detectors that use the accumulation of heat.

[0003] They are broadly classified into compensated and smoke detectors that utilize the simultaneous expansion of air and heat accumulation; further, depending on the detection method, they are categorized into spot-type detectors that detect localized areas and distributed-type detectors that detect the entire area. Commonly used types of detectors include differential spot type, differential distributed type, compensated spot type, fixed-temperature spot type, fixed-temperature linear detector, ionization type, photoelectric type, thermal combined type, smoke combined type, and thermal-smoke combined type.

[0004] Since the signal received from the detector is received by a receiver operating on power and simultaneously triggers a bell as an alarm and notifies fire departments and other relevant agencies via a transmitter, the reliability and maintenance of the equipment and wiring constituting the fire alarm system are extremely important. Furthermore, detailed installation standards regarding the installation methods of detectors and the heat and fire resistance of wiring for target buildings are stipulated in fire safety regulations.

[0005] Among these, photoelectric fire detectors combine a light source such as an LED with a light receiver such as a photodiode to detect smoke induced between them, and are broadly classified into photosensitive and light scattering types.

[0006] In the photosensitive method, light emitted from a light source is blocked by smoke particles along the way, whereas in the light scattering method, light emitted from a light source is scattered along the way, so light can be observed even from a direction at a certain angle away from the optical axis. The photosensitive method is characterized by sensitivity to smoke that is close to that of the human eye, while the light scattering method is characterized by a large difference in sensitivity depending on the color of the smoke.

[0007] In this regard, Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0983539 (hereinafter referred to as the 'prior art') discloses a 'photoelectric fire detector'.

[0008] The photoelectric fire detector of the prior art discloses a photoelectric fire detector comprising a sensor unit that detects a fire by generating a traveling wave of light through a light-emitting sensor and sensing the traveling wave of light scattered by smoke particles through a light-receiving sensor, and a cover unit coupled to the upper part of the sensor unit that scatters the traveling wave of light and induces the flow of smoke.

[0009] According to the photoelectric fire detectors in the prior art, there is an advantage in that the assemblability and robustness of the photoelectric fire detectors can be improved. In addition, there is an advantage in that the efficiency and precision of fire detection can be improved simultaneously with the increase in assemblability and robustness.

[0010] However, the photoelectric fire detectors of the prior art have a problem in that, as airflow caused by the fire passes through holes in the case and moves toward the light-emitting and light-receiving sensors, if the fire is not extinguished in the early stages and the indoor temperature rises rapidly due to the flames, various sensors such as the light-emitting and light-receiving sensors are damaged by high heat. Prior art literature

[0011] Republic of Korea Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0983539 (Registration Date: September 15, 2010) The problem to be solved

[0012] The objective of the present invention is to provide a fire detector that normally functions as an air quality meter and is configured to detect a fire quickly and accurately.

[0013] In addition, it provides a fire detector designed to prevent damage to the sensor even if the indoor temperature rises rapidly due to flames. means of solving the problem

[0014] The above objective is achieved by a fire detector according to the present invention, comprising: a housing having one side attached to the ceiling or wall of a building; and a fine dust sensor and a control unit provided within the housing, wherein the fine dust sensor measures light scattering caused by suspended particles, and the control unit receives the signal from the fine dust sensor in real time to determine a fire.

[0015] It may comprise a cylindrical chamber provided within the above housing and open along the circumferential direction; and a plurality of partition plates extending toward the center from the circumference of the chamber and spaced apart from each other.

[0016] The above fine dust sensor may be configured to be installed between a pair of adjacent partition plates.

[0017] The above pair of partition plates may be made of a shape memory alloy and configured to deform so as to move closer to each other towards the center of the chamber when heated.

[0018] It may comprise a cylindrical chamber provided within the above housing and open along the circumferential direction; a plurality of partition plates extending toward the center from the circumference of the chamber and spaced apart from each other; and a temperature and humidity sensor provided between a pair of adjacent partition plates.

[0019] The above pair of partition plates may be made of a shape memory alloy and configured to deform so as to move closer to each other towards the center of the chamber when heated.

[0020] The above fine dust sensor may comprise: a light-emitting sensor that emits light; a light-receiving sensor that receives light from the light-emitting sensor; and a fan that blows air between the light-emitting sensor and the light-receiving sensor.

[0021] The device includes a temperature and humidity sensor provided within the housing, and the control unit may be configured to determine the occurrence of a fire when both the smoke detection of the fine dust sensor and the temperature detection of the temperature and humidity sensor rise above a specific value. Effects of the invention

[0022] According to the present invention, a fine dust sensor measures light scattering caused by suspended particles, a temperature (humidity) sensor measures temperature, and a control unit receives signals from the fine dust sensor and the temperature (humidity) sensor in real time to determine a fire, thereby providing a fire detector that normally functions as an air quality measuring device but is configured to detect a fire quickly and accurately.

[0023] In addition, a fine dust sensor is positioned between a pair of adjacent partition plates, and the pair of partition plates are made of a shape memory alloy and deform so as to move closer to each other toward the center of the chamber when heated, thereby preventing damage to the sensor even if the indoor temperature rises rapidly due to flames, and enabling the fire detector to send a signal regarding the fire zone or intensity for a longer period of time. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0024] FIG. 1 is a side view showing a fire detector according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fire detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a fire detector according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the case of no fire occurring or the initial stage of a fire. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a fire detector according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the case of a fire growth stage to a peak stage. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0025] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. However, in describing the present invention, descriptions of already known functions or configurations will be omitted in order to clarify the gist of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 1 is a side view showing a fire detector (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fire detection system (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a fire detector (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the case of no fire occurring or the initial stage of a fire.

[0030] As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a fire detector (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing (100), a chamber (200), a sensor unit (300), a shooting unit (400), a partition plate (500), a control unit (600), and a communication unit (700).

[0031] One side of the housing (100) is attached to the ceiling or wall of the building (5). The housing (100) may include a lower housing and an upper housing. The housing (100) may be attached to the ceiling or wall by screw connection of the lower housing and the upper housing. Alternatively, the housing (100) may be attached to the ceiling or wall by bolt fastening.

[0032] One side of the housing (100) is provided with a light-emitting lamp that emits light when a fire is detected. When a fire is detected, the light-emitting lamp is turned on by the control unit (600).

[0033] The light-emitting lamp protrudes further than the end of the housing (100) toward the opposite side of the ceiling or wall. Therefore, even if the light-emitting lamp is formed on only one side of the housing (100), it is easy to check whether it is operating from all directions.

[0034] A fire detector (10) is usually installed on the ceiling surface of a building. As shown in FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower positions are distinguished and described in order to facilitate understanding of the fire detector (10) installed on the ceiling.

[0035] The housing (100) forms a space (hereinafter referred to as the 'installation space') in which a chamber (200), a control unit (600), etc. are installed. The chamber (200) is provided in the installation space at the bottom of the housing (100). In order for external particles such as dust and floating matter to be introduced into and discharged from the chamber (200), an inlet hole (101) is formed along the side perimeter of the chamber (200) at the bottom of the housing (100).

[0036] As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, a cylindrical chamber (200) is provided within a housing (100). The cylindrical chamber (200) literally forms a cylindrical shape. The side of the chamber (200) (hereinafter referred to as the 'chamber side wall') is open along the circumferential direction.

[0037] A plurality of through holes (201) are formed in the side wall of the chamber to introduce floating particles into the interior of the chamber (200). The plurality of through holes (201) are provided through a combined structure of a horizontal mesh formed along the circumferential direction and a vertical mesh formed inside the horizontal mesh.

[0038] When a fire occurs, airborne particles such as dust that have moved toward the fire detector (10) due to convection flow into the chamber (200) installed inside the housing (100) through the inlet hole (101) or exit to the outside.

[0039] As illustrated in FIG. 3, a plurality of partition plates (500) are provided inside the chamber (200). The plurality of partition plates (500) form a shape that extends from the perimeter of the chamber (200) toward the center. The plurality of partition plates (500) are spaced apart from each other inside the chamber (200). A pair of adjacent partition plates (500) form a circumferentially partitioned space between them.

[0040] For example, a plurality of partition plates (500) may include a first partition plate (501), a second partition plate (502), a third partition plate (503), a fourth partition plate (504), a fifth partition plate (505), and a sixth partition plate (506).

[0041] The first partition plate (501) and the second partition plate (502) form a first space between them. The second partition plate (502) and the third partition plate (503) form a second space between them. The third partition plate (503) and the fourth partition plate (504) form a third space between them.

[0042] The fourth partition plate (504) and the fifth partition plate (505) form a fourth space between them. The fifth partition plate (505) and the sixth partition plate (506) form a fifth space between them. The sixth partition plate (506) and the first partition plate (501) form a sixth space between them. The first space, the second space, the third space, the fourth space, the fifth space, and the sixth space are connected to each other at the central part of the chamber (200).

[0043] Accordingly, floating particles introduced into the first space through the passage holes (201) can pass through one or more of the second space, third space, fourth space, fifth space and sixth space at the center of the chamber (200) and exit the chamber (200) again.

[0044] Floating particles introduced into the second space through the passage holes (201) can pass through one or more of the third space, fourth space, fifth space, sixth space and first space at the center of the chamber (200) and exit the chamber (200) again.

[0045] Floating particles introduced into the third space through the passage holes (201) can pass through one or more of the fourth space, fifth space, sixth space, first space and second space at the center of the chamber (200) and exit the chamber (200) again.

[0046] Floating particles introduced into the fourth space through the passage holes (201) can pass through one or more of the fifth space, sixth space, first space, second space and third space at the center of the chamber (200) and exit the chamber (200) again.

[0047] Floating particles introduced into the fifth space through the passage holes (201) can pass through one or more of the sixth space, first space, second space, third space and fourth space at the center of the chamber (200) and exit the chamber (200) again.

[0048] Floating particles introduced into the sixth space through the passage holes (201) can pass through one or more of the first space, second space, third space, fourth space and fifth space at the center of the chamber (200) and exit the chamber (200) again.

[0049] The sensor unit (300) includes a fine dust sensor (310) and a temperature and humidity sensor (320). The fine dust sensor (310) is configured to measure light scattering caused by suspended particles. The fine dust sensor (310) and the temperature and humidity sensor (320) are each provided between a pair of adjacent partition plates (500).

[0050] The fine dust sensor (310) includes a light-emitting sensor (311), a light-receiving sensor (312), and a fan (313). For example, the light-emitting sensor (311) may be provided between the first partition plate (501) and the second partition plate (502) (first space), and the light-receiving sensor (312) may be provided between the third partition plate (503) and the fourth partition plate (504) (third space). The fan (131) may be provided between the second partition plate (502) and the third partition plate (503) (second space).

[0051] And the temperature and humidity sensor (320) may be provided between the fifth partition plate (505) and the sixth partition plate (506) (the fifth space). The temperature and humidity sensor (320) may also be provided as a temperature sensor.

[0052] A light-emitting sensor (311) is coupled between the first partition plate (501) and the second partition plate (502) (first space). The light-emitting sensor (311) is prevented from moving or rotating between the first partition plate (501) and the second partition plate (502), thereby maintaining a constant irradiation direction. The centerline of the light source irradiated from the light-emitting sensor (311) is directed toward the center of the chamber (200). The light-emitting sensor (311) may be composed of an infrared diode.

[0053] A light receiving sensor (312) is coupled between the third partition plate (503) and the fourth partition plate (504) (third space). Upon coupling, the light receiving sensor (312) is prevented from moving or rotating, thereby maintaining a constant detection direction. The centerline of the light detection part of the light receiving sensor (312) is oriented toward the central axis of the chamber (200). The light receiving sensor (312) may be composed of a photodiode.

[0054] The light-emitting sensor (311) and the light-receiving sensor (312) are arranged facing each other.

[0055] As described above, a plurality of partition plates (500) form a shape extending from the perimeter of the chamber (200) toward the center. Therefore, when the light from the light-emitting sensor (311) is reflected by floating particles such as dust and directed toward one of the partition plates (500), the light reflected by the partition plate (500) is directed toward the chamber side wall. Consequently, it becomes difficult for the light reflected from the partition plate (500) to enter the light-receiving sensor (312). Thus, the flow of floating particles can be accurately measured.

[0056] When the temperature rises due to a fire, the fluid velocity of suspended particles in the air increases. The temperature of fine particles using air as a medium also rises rapidly due to buoyancy.

[0057] The control unit (600) of the fire detector (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention receives signals from the fine dust sensor (310) and the temperature and humidity sensor (320) in real time and determines the occurrence of a fire. That is, the control unit (600) determines the occurrence of a fire through the primary smoke detection of the fine dust sensor (310) and the secondary temperature detection of the temperature and humidity sensor (320).

[0058] In conventional photoelectric (photodiode) fire detectors, it takes time for smoke to reach the detector by natural convection when a fire occurs, but when using a fine dust sensor (310), fire detection can be faster because air is sucked in to measure air quality.

[0059] The fire detector (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention can quickly and accurately detect the occurrence of a fire by measuring airborne particles in real time, and can accurately confirm real-time changes in the fire.

[0060] In addition, the control unit (600) determines that a fire has occurred only when both the primary smoke detection of the fine dust sensor (310) and the secondary temperature detection of the temperature and humidity sensor (320) rise above a specific value, thereby detecting the fire more accurately and reducing false alarms (malfunctions).

[0061] The fan (131) is coupled between the second partition plate (502) and the third partition plate (503) (second space). Upon coupling, the fan (131) is prevented from flowing or rotating, thereby maintaining a constant airflow direction. The fan (131) blows air toward the central axis of the chamber (200). The fan (131) forces the airflow inside the chamber (200) to pass between the light-emitting sensor (311) and the light-receiving sensor (312).

[0062] Therefore, even if the convection flow in the space where the fire detector (10) is installed (hereinafter referred to as the 'indoor space') is weak, the air in the indoor space continuously passes between the light-emitting sensor (311) and the light-receiving sensor (312). Accordingly, the fine dust sensor (310) can be used as an air quality measuring device by the forced flow of air during non-fire situations (normal times), and since it detects by forcibly sucking in the flow rate, it can detect the occurrence of a fire more quickly and accurately than a photoelectric fire detector during a fire.

[0063] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the shooting unit (400) is coupled to one side of the housing (100). The shooting unit (400) captures the space where the fire detector (10) is installed in real time. The control unit (600) analyzes the image from the shooting unit (400) to determine the occurrence of a fire. The control unit (600) analyzes the image to detect the occurrence of flames, fire, smoke, etc.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit (600) transmits and receives signals to and from the management server (2) and the terminal (3) through the communication unit (700).

[0065] The management server (2) receives the measurement values ​​of the fine dust sensor (310) and the temperature and humidity sensor (320), and the image data of the camera unit (400) in real time, and sends them to websites, terminals (3), etc., of relevant personnel, police stations, firefighters, etc. By receiving the measurement values ​​of the fine dust sensor (310) and the temperature and humidity sensor (320), and the image data of the camera unit (400) in real time, relevant personnel, police stations, firefighters, etc. can check the occurrence of a fire, the type of fire, and the real-time progress of the fire.

[0066] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a fire detector (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a case above a specific temperature, such as a fire growth stage or peak stage.

[0067] As illustrated in FIG. 4, a pair of partition plates (500) may be made of shape memory alloy. When heated, the pair of partition plates (500) may deform so as to move closer to each other toward the center of the chamber (200).

[0068] The first partition plate (501) and the second partition plate (502) can be deformed to move closer to each other towards the center of the chamber (200) when heated.

[0069] Therefore, the flow rate of hot air flowing from the outside into the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth spaces to the first space is reduced. Consequently, the failure of the light-emitting sensor (311) in the event of a fire is prevented, allowing the signal regarding the fire zone or intensity to be sent for a longer period of time.

[0070] A through hole (201) may not be formed in the chamber side wall adjacent to the first space. Additionally, the chamber side wall adjacent to the first space, the first partition plate (501), and the second partition plate (502) may include an insulating sheet or an insulating coating.

[0071] The third compartment plate (503) and the fourth compartment plate (504) can be deformed to move closer to each other towards the center of the chamber (200) when heated.

[0072] Therefore, the flow rate of hot air flowing from the outside into the first, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth spaces to the third space is reduced. Consequently, the failure of the light sensor (312) in the event of a fire is prevented, allowing the signal regarding the fire zone or intensity to be sent for a longer period of time.

[0073] A through hole (201) may not be formed in the chamber side wall adjacent to the third space. Additionally, the chamber side wall adjacent to the third space, the third partition plate (503), and the fourth partition plate (504) may include an insulating sheet or an insulating coating.

[0074] The fifth compartment plate (505) and the sixth compartment plate (506) can be deformed to move closer to each other towards the center of the chamber (200) when heated.

[0075] The flow rate of hot air flowing from the outside into the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth spaces to the fifth space is reduced. Therefore, in the event of a fire, the failure of the temperature and humidity sensor (320) is prevented, allowing the signal regarding the fire zone or intensity to be sent for a longer period of time.

[0076] A through hole (201) may not be formed in the chamber side wall adjacent to the fifth space. Additionally, the chamber side wall adjacent to the fifth space, the fifth partition plate (505), and the sixth partition plate (506) may include an insulating sheet or an insulating coating.

[0077] According to the present invention, a fine dust sensor (310) measures light scattering by suspended particles, a temperature (humidity) sensor (320) measures temperature, and a control unit (600) receives signals from the fine dust sensor (310) and the temperature (humidity) sensor (320) in real time to determine a fire, thereby providing a fire detector (10) that is normally used as an air quality measuring device and is configured to detect a fire quickly and accurately.

[0078] Additionally, a fine dust sensor (310) is provided between a pair of adjacent partition plates (500), and the pair of partition plates (500) are made of a shape memory alloy and deform so as to move closer to each other towards the center of the chamber (200) when heated, thereby preventing damage to the sensor even if the indoor temperature rises rapidly due to the flame, and allowing a fire detector (10) to send a signal regarding the fire occurrence area or intensity for a longer period of time.

[0080] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments and can be modified and varied in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications or variations should not be understood individually from the technical spirit or perspective of the present invention, and the modified embodiments should be considered to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0081] 10: Fire detector 100 : Housing 500 : Partition board 101 : Inlet hole 501 : First compartment plate 200: Chamber 502: Second compartment plate 201: Passage hole 503: Third compartment plate 300 : Sensor unit 504 : 4th compartment plate 310 : Fine dust sensor 505 : 5th compartment plate 311: Light emitting sensor 506: 6th compartment plate 312 : Light receiving sensor 600 : Control unit 320: Temperature and humidity sensor 700: Communication unit 400 : Filming Department 1 : System 2 : Management Server 3 : Terminal 5 : Buildings

Claims

Claim 1 A fire detector comprising: a housing having one side attached to the ceiling or wall of a building; a fine dust sensor and a control unit provided within the housing; a cylindrical chamber provided within the housing and open along the circumferential direction; and a plurality of partition plates extending from the periphery of the chamber toward the center and spaced apart from each other, wherein the fine dust sensor measures light scattering by suspended particles, the control unit receives the signal from the fine dust sensor in real time to determine a fire, the fine dust sensor is provided between a pair of adjacent partition plates, and the pair of partition plates are made of a shape memory alloy and deform to move closer to each other toward the center of the chamber when heated. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 A fire detector according to claim 1, comprising a temperature and humidity sensor provided between a pair of adjacent partition plates. Claim 5 A fire detector according to claim 1, wherein the fine dust sensor comprises: a light-emitting sensor that emits light; a light-receiving sensor that receives light from the light-emitting sensor; and a fan that blows air between the light-emitting sensor and the light-receiving sensor. Claim 6 A fire detector according to claim 1, comprising a temperature and humidity sensor provided within the housing, wherein the control unit determines the occurrence of a fire when both the smoke detection of the fine dust sensor and the temperature detection of the temperature and humidity sensor rise above a specific value.

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