Method and System for Automatically Generating and Dynamically Adjusting Field Investigation Plans Based on Risk Levels Throughout the Entire Environmental Impact Assessment Process

Abstract

The present invention relates to a survey method and system for improving the efficiency and reliability of field surveys performed throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment, including strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-construction environmental impact survey. The method according to the present invention receives project plan information, spatial information (GIS), environmentally sensitive information, past environmental survey results, meteorological and hydrological information, and construction progress information as input to calculate the risk level for each environmental item, and automatically generates a field survey plan including survey points, survey items, and survey cycles based on the calculated risk level. Furthermore, the present invention enables the rational reconfiguration of survey target areas and items by dynamically adjusting the survey plan to reflect environmental change factors such as field survey results, process changes, rainfall occurrence, or civil complaints. Accordingly, a representative survey plan considering broad environmental risk factors can be established during the strategic environmental impact assessment stage, a detailed survey based on project characteristics can be performed during the small-scale environmental impact assessment stage, and the investigation can be strengthened or mitigated in response to real-time changes in risk during the post-construction environmental impact survey stage.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental impact assessment, and more specifically, to a field survey method and a system for performing the same, which automatically generates and adjusts survey points, survey items, and survey cycles according to risk levels during the entire process of environmental impact assessment, including strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-construction environmental impact assessment. Background Technology

[0003] Environmental impact assessment is a system designed to predict and analyze potential environmental impacts arising from the establishment and implementation of development projects or plans, and to formulate measures to minimize them. It is conducted in stages, including strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-implementation environmental impact survey.

[0004] Generally, in environmental impact assessments, the survey points, items, and frequency of field investigations are fixed in advance according to relevant laws and consultation conditions, and are conducted independently at each assessment stage. Consequently, there is a problem in that the results of investigations conducted during the strategic environmental impact assessment stage cannot be systematically linked and utilized during the small-scale environmental impact assessment or post-construction environmental impact assessment stages.

[0005] Furthermore, the current environmental impact assessment system has limitations in that changes to the investigation cycle and locations rely on the experience or retrospective judgment of the person in charge, even when rainfall, schedule changes, public complaints, or signs of environmental anomalies are identified during construction. This can lead to unnecessary duplicate investigations or, conversely, problems where investigations of high-risk areas are not conducted in a timely manner.

[0006] Meanwhile, despite the availability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), environmentally sensitive data, meteorological and hydrological information, and various environmental data, the reality is that this information is not systematically reflected in the design phase of field survey plans and is instead utilized merely as reference material.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for a new investigation method that can systematically calculate the risk level of the investigation area throughout the entire environmental impact assessment process and automatically generate and adjust field investigation plans based on this. Prior art literature

[0009] (Patent Document 0001) KR 10-2024-0060139 A(Patent Document 0002) KR 10-2025-0101571 A(Patent Document 0003) KR 10-2645876 B1 The problem to be solved

[0010] The objective of the present invention is to provide a field survey method and system capable of automatically generating a field survey plan based on the risk level of the survey target area and environmental items throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment, and dynamically adjusting the survey plan according to environmental changes, in order to solve the aforementioned problems.

[0011] Another objective of the present invention is to ensure continuity and consistency of investigation results between the strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-construction environmental impact investigation stages, and to minimize unnecessary duplicate investigations.

[0012] Another objective of the present invention is to simultaneously improve investigation efficiency and the effectiveness of environmental management by concentrating investigation resources in areas with a high probability of environmental risk occurrence. means of solving the problem

[0014] A method for automatically designing and coordinating a field survey for a risk-based environmental impact assessment according to one aspect of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned purpose comprises, in a method performed by a system including a computing device: (a) collecting input data including planning information of a target project, spatial information (GIS), environmentally sensitive information, past environmental survey results, real-time measurement data, and meteorological and hydrological information; (b) calculating risk levels for each of a plurality of environmental items including air quality, water quality and hydrology, noise and vibration, fauna, flora, and soil based on the collected input data; (c) calculating a comprehensive risk level by applying weights for each environmental impact assessment stage and weights for each environmental item to the calculated risk levels for each environmental item; (d) determining a pre-set risk grade according to the calculated comprehensive risk level and automatically generating a field survey plan including survey points, survey items, and survey cycles matched to the grade. and (e) if at least one environmental change factor among field investigation results, process change, civil complaints, or rainfall occurrence is received, the steps (b) to (c) above are repeated to update the overall risk level and dynamically readjust the field investigation plan.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the comprehensive risk of step (c) can be calculated by multiplying the risk of each individual environmental item by a category weight according to the type of environmental item and an evaluation stage weight that is differentially set depending on which stage is the strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, or post-environmental impact investigation, summing the results, and then applying a composite impact correction coefficient derived by reflecting the ratio of the number of items exceeding environmental standards to the total number of evaluation items.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of automatically generating and readjusting the field survey plan can be dynamically updated by classifying the risk grade into a plurality of grades according to the calculated comprehensive risk score and differentially controlling the survey cycle with the survey intensity matched to the grade, wherein if the comprehensive risk score is at least a first threshold and is in the highest risk grade, the field survey cycle is strengthened to the maximum frequency (e.g., once a week); if it is in the normal grade and is below a second threshold, it is set to a standard frequency (e.g., once a month); and if it is in the lowest risk grade and is below a third threshold, the survey cycle is relaxed to the minimum frequency (e.g., once every six months).

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the field survey plan in the entire process of the environmental impact assessment is configured such that the survey results of the previous assessment stage are automatically linked as the default values ​​of the next assessment stage, wherein in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage, a representativeness-centered survey plan is generated and executed considering the broad impact zone and environmentally sensitive areas, and in the subsequent small-scale environmental impact assessment stage, the survey points and items can be refined based on the top risk items among the risk levels calculated in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage to subdivide the survey cycle.

[0018] A risk-based environmental impact assessment field survey system according to another aspect of the present invention comprises: an input module for collecting environmental data and basic information of a site to be surveyed; a database for storing the collected data; a processor; and a memory for storing program instructions executed by the processor. The processor is configured to collect basic data and real-time environmental information through the input module and store them in the database, drive a risk calculation engine to calculate the risk for a plurality of environmental items based on the collected information and derive a comprehensive risk, drive a survey plan generation and adjustment engine to automatically generate a field survey plan including survey points, survey items, and survey cycles according to the comprehensive risk, and recalculate the risk and dynamically adjust the field survey plan when feedback is received regarding field survey results or external environmental change factors. Effects of the invention

[0020] According to the method and system for automatically generating and adjusting field survey plans based on risk levels throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

[0021] First, it is possible to ensure continuity and consistency of investigation results between environmental impact assessment stages.

[0022] Second, investigation resources can be concentrated on high-risk areas and environmental factors.

[0023] Third, the ability to respond to environmental risks can be improved by automatically adjusting the investigation cycle and investigation points according to environmental changes.

[0024] Fourth, subjective judgment in the process of establishing the investigation plan can be minimized, and the objectivity and reproducibility of the investigation design can be ensured.

[0025] Fifth, unnecessary duplicate investigations can be reduced, thereby lowering investigation costs and administrative burdens. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0026] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the entire process of environmental impact assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an overall flowchart illustrating a field investigation procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a detailed flowchart of the risk assessment step illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a detailed flowchart of the investigation plan generation step illustrated in Figure 2. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a system that automatically generates and adjusts a field survey plan based on risk according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a system that automatically generates and adjusts a field survey plan based on risk throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of hardware for a computer device implementing the system shown in FIG. 6. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0027] The advantages and features of the present invention and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below together with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms, and these embodiments are provided merely to make the disclosure of the present invention complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims.

[0029] Specific details for implementing the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings attached below. Regardless of the drawings, identical reference numerals refer to identical components, and "and / or" includes each of the mentioned items and all combinations of one or more.

[0030] Although terms such as first, second, etc. are used to describe various components, it goes without saying that these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another.

[0031] Therefore, it goes without saying that the first component mentioned below may be the second component within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0032] The terms used herein are for describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. In this specification, the singular form includes the plural form unless specifically stated otherwise in the text. As used herein, "comprises" and / or "comprising" do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components in addition to the components mentioned.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in this specification (including technical and scientific terms) may be used in a meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Additionally, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are not to be interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly and specifically defined otherwise.

[0034] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used to facilitate the description of the relationship between one component and other components as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of components during use or operation, in addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings. For example, if a component depicted in a drawing is inverted, a component described as "below" or "beneath" of another component may be placed "above" of that component. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" may encompass both the lower and upper directions. Components may also be oriented in other directions, and accordingly, spatially relative terms may be interpreted according to the orientation.

[0035] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0036] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the entire process of environmental impact assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the entire process of environmental impact assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step of identifying the currently required environmental impact assessment stage (S01); a step of performing a risk-based strategic environmental impact assessment by receiving predetermined data required for the strategic environmental impact assessment if the required environmental impact assessment stage is a strategic environmental impact assessment (S02~S04); a step of performing a risk-based small-scale environmental impact assessment by loading the results of a previously performed strategic environmental assessment (SEA) from a database and receiving predetermined data required for the small-scale environmental impact assessment if the required environmental impact assessment stage is a small-scale environmental impact assessment (S05~S08); and a step of performing a risk-based post-environmental impact assessment by loading the results of a previously performed strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and related small-scale environmental impact assessment results from a database and receiving predetermined data required for the post-environmental impact assessment if the required environmental impact assessment stage is a post-environmental impact investigation (S09~S12). This ensures continuity and consistency of the investigation results between environmental impact assessment stages.

[0038] Referring to Fig. 1, each data input step (S03, S07, S11) may vary depending on the environmental impact assessment stage (strategic / small scale / post-assessment), such as planning information (route, facility, fixed, etc.), EIAGIS / GIS spatial information, information on sensitive facilities and legally protected species, weather, rainfall, and flow rate data, progress rate of the process, and real-time monitoring data.

[0039] In addition, the SEA investigation result data loading step (S06) is intended to bring the results of the previous Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) stage into the database and reflect them in the currently required small-scale environmental impact assessment when the currently required environmental impact assessment is the small-scale environmental impact assessment stage, and the SEA / small-scale investigation result data loading step (S10) is intended to bring the results of the previous Strategic Environmental Assessment stage and the corresponding small-scale environmental impact assessment into the database and reflect them in the currently required post-environmental impact assessment when the currently required environmental impact assessment is the post-environmental impact assessment stage. In this way, in the embodiment of the present invention, in the small-scale environmental impact assessment and post-environmental impact assessment stages, the investigation result data of the previous environmental impact assessment is brought in and reflected in the environmental impact assessment stage to be performed now, thereby ensuring continuity and consistency of investigation results between environmental impact assessment stages.

[0040] In addition, the strategic environmental impact assessment stage (S04) automatically sets a wide-area impact zone based on EIAGIS for prior risk prediction, assigns high weights to legally protected species, water sources, and calming facilities, and evaluates environmental impacts using representative points and high-risk points as survey points; the survey results of the strategic environmental impact assessment stage are automatically linked as default values ​​for subsequent small-scale and post-surveys. That is, in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage (S04), a representativeness-centered survey plan is generated by considering the wide-area impact zone and environmentally sensitive areas.

[0041] The risk-based strategic environmental impact assessment procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed by calculating the risk for each environmental item and then creating a new investigation method, as will be explained in detail later.

[0042] In addition, the small-scale environmental impact assessment stage (S08) is performed for the purpose of project-specific refinement. It reflects the investigation results of the previous strategic environmental impact assessment stage, focuses on high-risk items from the strategic stage, automatically excludes unnecessary items, and then subdivides the investigation cycle to conduct the environmental impact assessment. That is, in the small-scale environmental impact assessment stage (S08), investigation points and items are refined based on the high-risk items among those calculated in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage.

[0043] Therefore, in the small-scale environmental impact assessment phase, costs and time can be saved by reflecting the results of the previous strategic environmental impact assessment, thereby avoiding the need to re-conduct all environmental assessments from scratch, and the investigation results from the small-scale environmental impact assessment phase are automatically linked as default values ​​for subsequent follow-up investigations.

[0044] In addition, the post-construction environmental impact assessment stage (S12) is performed to manage real-time impacts during construction. It includes automatically shortening the investigation cycle in the event of process changes, rainfall, or complaints, adding or relocating investigation points in the event of abnormal signs, and verifying the effectiveness of installed mitigation facilities by reflecting the results of the previous strategic environmental impact assessment stage and the small-scale environmental impact assessment. That is, during the post-construction environmental impact assessment stage (S12), the investigation cycle is shortened, investigation points are added, or investigation items are changed depending on changes in the construction process, rainfall, complaints, or investigation results.

[0045] As such, the environmental impact assessment method according to the embodiment of the present invention maintains continuity and consistency in the investigation plan between environmental impact assessment stages, and efficiently performs the investigation by changing the investigation design when the risk level for each environmental item exceeds a critical threshold, rather than mechanically performing the investigation according to a fixed cycle as in the conventional method.

[0046] FIG. 2 is an overall flowchart illustrating a field investigation procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart of the risk assessment step illustrated in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a detailed flowchart of the investigation plan generation step illustrated in FIG. 2.

[0047] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the field investigation method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a step of collecting investigation input data (S100), a step of calculating risk by environmental item (S200), a step of generating a risk-based investigation plan (S300), a step of performing a field investigation (S400), and a step of adjusting the investigation plan (S500), thereby systematically calculating the risk of the area to be investigated throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment, and automatically generating and adjusting the field investigation plan based on this.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 2, in the investigation input data collection step (S100), project plan information, spatial information (GIS), environmentally sensitive information, past environmental survey results, meteorological and hydrological information, and construction progress information are collected. The spatial information may include environmentally sensitive areas, habitats of legally protected species, water source protection zones, distribution of calming facilities, etc.

[0049] In the risk assessment step (S200) for each environmental item, the risk for each environmental item, such as water quality, air quality, noise and vibration, and flora and fauna, is calculated using the collected data. The risk is calculated by considering the potential impact and intensity of impact for each environmental item, and different weights may be applied depending on the environmental impact assessment stage.

[0050] Examples of environmental impact assessment survey items that can be applied to embodiments of the present invention are shown in Table 1 below.

[0051] Major categories Subcategories note natural environment air quality Water quality hydrology soil Noise and vibration Fauna flora marine environment Topography and geology Living environment eco-friendly resource circulation Hygiene and public health scene socio-economic environment Land use Population Housing industry

[0052] In the risk-based investigation plan generation step (S300), an investigation plan including investigation points, investigation items, and investigation cycles is automatically generated according to the calculated risk level. In high-risk areas, investigation points may be added or the investigation cycle shortened, while in low-risk areas, investigation items may be reduced or the investigation cycle extended.

[0053] In the field investigation execution stage (S400), a field investigation is performed according to the investigation plan generated above.

[0054] In the investigation plan adjustment stage (S500), the investigation plan is dynamically updated by reflecting environmental change factors such as field investigation results, changes in construction progress, rainfall, or civil complaints. That is, if environmental change factors such as field investigation results, changes in construction progress, rainfall, or civil complaints occur, the risk level is recalculated, and the investigation plan is automatically adjusted accordingly.

[0055] Figure 3 is a detailed flowchart of the risk assessment step for each environmental item in the field investigation procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] As illustrated in FIG. 3, the risk calculation step (S200) for each environmental item according to an embodiment of the present invention may consist of an air quality risk calculation step (S201), a water quality risk calculation step (S202), a noise and vibration risk calculation step (S203), a fauna risk calculation step (S204), a flora risk calculation step (S205), a soil risk calculation step (S206), a landscape risk calculation step (S207), a topography and geology risk calculation step (S208), an asset risk calculation step (S209), a waste risk calculation step (S210), a greenhouse gas emission calculation step (S211), a weighted comprehensive risk calculation step (S212), and a risk grade classification step (S213).

[0057] Referring to FIG. 3, the air quality risk calculation step (S201) is a step for calculating the risk of air quality, and the detailed composition of the investigation items is as shown in Table 2 below.

[0058] Item classification Survey items Unit of measurement Environmental standards note particulate matter Fine dust (PM10) μg / m³ 100 (24 hours) essential Ultrafine dust (PM2.5) μg / m³ 35 (24 hours) essential Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) μg / m³ - select gaseous substances Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) ppm 0.06 (24 hours) essential Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) ppm 0.05 (24 hours) essential Carbon monoxide (CO) ppm 9 (8 hours) essential ozone (O₃) ppm 0.06 (8 hours) essential heavy metals Lead (Pb) μg / m³ 0.5 (annual average) select stink Complex odor Dilution factor 15 (Industrial Area) High-risk times

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the formula for calculating the air quality risk (R_air) is as follows: Equation 1.

[0060]

[0061] In the above mathematical formula 1, Wi represents the weight of pollutant i, Ei represents the Emission Intensity Score, Di represents the Dispersion Condition Score, Si represents the Sensitive Receptor Score, Ti represents the Temporal Factor Score, and Cf represents the Cumulative Impact Correction.

[0062] In the above mathematical formula 1, the weight (Wi) for each pollutant can be calculated as shown in the following Table 3.

[0063] pollutants weight Basis for calculation PM2.5 0.30 Maximum health impact, WHO Group 1 carcinogen PM10 0.20 Key indicators of respiratory impact NO₂ 0.20 Major substances in vehicle emissions SO₂ 0.10 Industrial emission indicators CO 0.10 Combustion process indicators O₃ 0.10 secondary pollutants

[0064] The emission intensity score (Ei) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 2.

[0065]

[0066] In the above mathematical formula 2, Qp represents the expected emission (Kg / day), Qmax represents the reference maximum emission, which may be, for example, 1,000 Kg / day, and Af represents the activity factor. Examples of the activity factor (Af) may be as shown in Table 4 below.

[0067] division Activity Factor (Af) Excavation. 1.5 transport vehicle 1.3 asphalt paving 1.2 General construction 1.0 Maintenance 0.5

[0068] In the above mathematical formula 1, the diffusion condition score (Di) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 3.

[0069]

[0070] In mathematical formula 3, WS represents average wind speed (m / s), MH represents mixing height (m), and Ts represents the terrain complexity coefficient, which can be set to 1.5 for basin terrain, 1.2 for hilly terrain, 1.0 for flat terrain, and 0.8 for coastal terrain. A higher coefficient is unfavorable for diffusion, while a lower coefficient is favorable for conversion.

[0071] In mathematical formula 1, the sensitivity receptor score (Si) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 4.

[0072]

[0073] In mathematical formula 4, Rj represents the j-th receptor sensitivity class, Pj represents the j-th receptor population / facility size, and dj represents the distance to the j-th receptor (m). The receptor sensitivity class (Rj) can be defined as shown in the following Table 5.

[0074] Receptor type Sensitivity (Rj) Daycare centers and kindergartens 10 elementary, middle, and high schools 9 Hospitals and nursing homes 9 residential area 7 commercial area 5 industrial area 3

[0075] In mathematical formula 1, the time factor (Ti) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 5.

[0076]

[0077] In mathematical formula 5, Bd is set as the basic urgency level for each stage, with 0.5 for the strategic stage, 1.0 for the small scale, and 1.5 for the post-stage; Sd is set as the seasonal coefficient, with 1.3 for the yellow dust season (March–May), 1.2 for the high concentration season (November–March), and 1.0 for the rest (general); and Wd is set as the meteorological coefficient, with 1.5 for the stationary high pressure and 1.0 for general.

[0078] The water quality risk assessment step (S202) is a step for calculating water quality and hydrology risk, and the detailed composition of the investigation items is as shown in Table 6 below.

[0079] Item classification Survey items Unit of measurement Environmental standards (river grade Ib) note General items Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) - 6.5~8.5 essential Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg / L ≥ 5.0 essential Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg / L ≤ 3 essential Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg / L ≤ 5 essential Suspended Solids (SS) mg / L ≤ 25 essential Nutrients Total Nitrogen (TN) mg / L ≤ 1.0 essential Total Phosphorus (TP) mg / L ≤ 0.1 essential Ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) mg / L ≤ 0.5 select microorganism Total coliforms 100mL ≤ 5,000 essential fecal coliforms 100mL ≤ 1,000 select heavy metals Lead (Pb) mg / L ≤ 0.05 High-risk times Cadmium (Cd) mg / L ≤ 0.005 High-risk times water gate flux m³ / s - essential flow velocity m / s - essential

[0080] In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the formula for calculating the water quality risk (R_water) is as follows: Equation 6.

[0081]

[0082] In Equation 6, Wi represents the weight of water quality item i, Ci represents the Contamination Load Score, Hi represents the Hydrological Condition Score, Li represents the Location Sensitivity Score, Fi represents the Flow Path Score, and Vf represents the Vulnerability Correction Factor.

[0083] In mathematical formula 6, the weight (Wi) for each water quality parameter can be defined as shown in the following Table 7.

[0084] Water quality items weight Basis for calculation BOD 0.25 Representative indicator of organic pollution TP 0.20 eutrophication-causing substances SS 0.20 Turbidity, sediment runoff indicators TN 0.15 eutrophication-causing substances coliform bacteria 0.10 Hygiene indicators heavy metals 0.10 Toxic substances

[0085] In mathematical formula 6, the pollution load score (Ci) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 7.

[0086]

[0087] In mathematical formula 7, Li represents the pollution load per unit area (kg / ha / day), Ai represents the pollution area (ha), Ri represents the rainfall runoff coefficient (0~1), and Qi represents the river flow rate (m³ / s).

[0088] In mathematical formula 7, the pollution load unit (Li) can be set according to land use as shown in the following Table 8.

[0089] Land use BOD SS TN TP Naji 8.5 450 2.1 0.35 construction site 12.0 850 3.5 0.60 forest 1.2 25 0.8 0.05 road name 6.8 180 2.8 0.25

[0090] In mathematical formula 7, the rainfall runoff coefficient (Ri) can be set to 0.85 for bare land / construction sites, 0.90 for paved land, 0.20 for forests, and 0.35 for grasslands.

[0091] The hydrological condition score (Hi) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 8.

[0092]

[0093] In Equation 8, Q represents the stream flow rate (m³ / s) minus the low flow rate, D represents the stream depth (m), Dmax represents the maximum depth (m), and Sf represents the seasonal flow coefficient. The seasonal flow coefficient (Sf) can be set to 1.5 for the low flow period (January–February, November–December), 1.0 for the normal flow period (March–May, September–October), and 0.7 for the high flow period (June–August).

[0094] In mathematical formula 6, the position sensitivity index (Li) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 9.

[0095]

[0096] Here, Uj represents the sensitivity by use of the j-th water right, Wj represents the usage of the j-th water right (m³ / day), and dj represents the downstream distance to the j-th water right (km). The sensitivity by use of the water right (Uj) can be defined as shown in Table 9 below.

[0097] use responsiveness Water intake facility 10.0 Water intake for agricultural use 5.0 Industrial water intake 3.0 River maintenance water 2.0

[0098] In mathematical formula 6, the outflow path score (Fi) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 10.

[0099]

[0100] In Equation 10, Ls is the runoff distance coefficient = exp(-L / 500), where L is the distance to the stream (m), Ss is the slope coefficient = min(1.0, slope / 15), where slope is the average slope (°), and Vs is the vegetation buffering coefficient. The vegetation buffering coefficient (Vs) is set to 1.0 for no vegetation, 0.7 for grassland, 0.5 for shrubs, and 0.3 for trees.

[0101] In Equation 6, the vulnerability correction factor (Vf) can be calculated as shown in Equation 11 below.

[0102]

[0103] In Equation 11, Bg is set as bedrock permeability, 1.5 for high (limestone), 1.0 for medium (sandstone), and 0.8 for low (granite). Pg is set as groundwater recharge rate, 1.3 for high (>30%), 1.0 for medium (10~30%), and 0.8 for low (<10%). Sg is set as soil drainage grade, 1.4 for poor, 1.0 for average, and 0.7 for good.

[0104] The noise and vibration risk assessment stage is a stage for calculating the risk of noise and vibration, and consists of detailed investigation items as shown in Table 10 below.

[0105] Item classification Survey items Unit of measurement Environmental standards (daytime, general area) noise Equivalent noise level (Leq) dB(A) ≤ 65 Maximum noise level (Lmax) dB(A) - Cumulative noise level distribution (L5, L50, L95) dB(A) - vibration Vibration Acceleration Level (Lv) dB(V) ≤ 65 Maximum vibration level dB(V) -

[0106] And the formula for calculating the noise and vibration risk (R_noise) is the following mathematical formula 12.

[0107]

[0108] In Equation 12, Wi represents the weight of noise source i, Li represents the Sound Pressure Level Score, Di represents the Distance Attenuation Score, Ri represents the Receptor Sensitivity, Bi represents the Barrier Condition, and Tf represents the Time Period Correction.

[0109] The weights (Wi) for each noise source can be calculated as shown in Table 11 below.

[0110] Noise source weight characteristic excavator 0.25 Continuous sound, high sound pressure Pile driver 0.30 Impact sound, maximum sound pressure dump truck 0.20 Portable audio blasting 0.25 Instant shock sound

[0111] In mathematical formula 12, the sound pressure level score (Li) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 13.

[0112]

[0113] In mathematical formula 13, Lp represents the predicted noise level (dB(A)), Lb represents the background noise level (dB(A)), and Ls represents the environmental standard noise level (dB(A)).

[0114] The predicted noise level (Lp) can be calculated (point source model) as shown in the following mathematical formula 14.

[0115]

[0116] In mathematical formula 14, Lw represents the acoustic power level of the sound source (dB(A)), d represents the distance (m), and ΔL represents the correction term (ground surface, air absorption, shielding, etc.).

[0117] Also in mathematical formula 12 The distance attenuation score (Di) can be calculated as Di = exp(-d / 100), where d represents the distance from the noise source to the receiver (m).

[0118] In mathematical formula 12, receptor sensitivity (Ri) can be defined as shown in Table 12 below.

[0119] Receptor type responsiveness Time zone weighting Schools and hospitals 10.0 Daytime ×1.5, Nighttime ×2.0 house 8.0 Daytime ×1.0, Nighttime ×1.5 commercial facilities 5.0 Daytime ×0.8, Nighttime ×1.0 industrial facilities 3.0 Time irrelevant ×1.0

[0120] In addition, the shielding condition (Bi) in Equation 12 can be calculated as shown in Equation 15 below.

[0121]

[0122] Here, H is the sound barrier / building height (m), and E is the shielding efficiency (0~1), with 0.8 for complete shielding, 0.5 for partial shielding, and 0.0 for no shielding.

[0123] In mathematical formula 12, the time zone correction can be determined as shown in the following Table 13.

[0124] slot Correction factor Daytime (06:00~18:00) 1.0 Dinner (18:00~22:00) 1.3 Night (22:00~06:00) 1.8

[0125] Referring again to FIG. 3, the animal risk assessment step (S204) is a step for calculating the risk of the animal (Fauna), and the detailed composition of the investigation items is as shown in Table 14 below.

[0126] taxa Research methods Investigation period note mammalia Unmanned cameras, trace investigation 4 times a year (seasonally) essential birds Line census, peak survey Breeding season (May–July), overwintering season (December–February) essential amphibians and reptiles Visual inspection, auditory inspection Breeding season (April–June) essential Insects Collection survey, trap survey April to October select Pisces Cast net, net April to October When adjacent to a water system

[0127] And the animal risk (R_fauna) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 16.

[0128]

[0129] In Equation 16, Wi represents the weight of taxon i, Si represents the Species Diversity Score, Hi represents the Habitat Quality Score, Ci represents the Conservation Value Score, Ii represents the Impact Intensity Score, and Pf represents the Protected Area Factor.

[0130] In mathematical formula 16, the weights for each taxonomic group can be defined as shown in the following Table 15.

[0131] taxa weight Basis for calculation mammalia 0.30 Top of the ecosystem, high habitat requirements birds 0.35 Indicator species, high habitat sensitivity amphibians and reptiles 0.20 Habitat specificity, numerous protected species Pisces 0.10 Water system specialization Insects 0.05 Large population, high resilience

[0132] The species diversity score (Si) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 17.

[0133]

[0134] Here, H' is the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, which can be calculated as "-Σ(pi × ln(pi))" (pi: relative abundance of the i-th species), H'max is the local maximum diversity (baseline value: 3.5), S is the number of observed species, Smax is the expected maximum number of species (literature, past surveys), and E is the evenness, which can be calculated as "H' / ln(S)", with Emax representing 1.0 (perfect evenness).

[0135] In mathematical formula 16, the habitat quality score (Hi) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 18.

[0136]

[0137] Here, Ac represents the habitat area satisfaction, calculated as "min(1.0, Area / MHA)" (MHA: Minimum Habitat Area), where 1 km² is used for mammals, 0.5 km² for bird breeding, and 0.1 km² for amphibians. Qh is the habitat quality assessment score (0–1), calculated as "(Vegetation × 0.4 + Water × 0.3 + Structure × 0.3)", where Vegetation represents vegetation cover and stratification structure, Water represents water availability, and Structure represents spatial heterogeneity. Co represents connectivity, which can be calculated as "1 / (1 + Isolation_Index)", where Isolation_Index indicates the distance (km) to the nearest habitat. Ed represents edge density, calculated as "1 - (Edge_Length / Area)", where high edge density indicates fragmentation and thus low quality.

[0138] In mathematical formula 16, the conservation value score (Ci) can be calculated as Ci = Σ(Rj × Aj), where Rj represents the protection level of the j-th species and Aj represents the relative abundance of the j-th species. The protection level (Rj) can be defined as shown in Table 16 below.

[0139] Legal status score Endangered Wildlife Class I 10.0 Endangered Wildlife Class II 7.0 natural monument 8.0 IUCN Red List EN 6.0 IUCN Red List VU 4.0 General type 1.0

[0140] In mathematical formula 16, the influence intensity score (Ii) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 19.

[0141]

[0142] Here, Di is the direct affected area ratio (Affected_Area / Total_Habitat), Ni is the noise influence distance coefficient calculated as "- 65dB(A) or greater influence zone = exp(-d / 500)", and Ti is the movement path disconnection degree, set to 1.0 for complete disconnection, 0.6 for partial disconnection, and 0.2 for no disconnection. Mi is the breeding season overlap degree, set to 1.5 when the construction period overlaps 100% with the breeding season, 1.2 when it overlaps 50%, and 0.8 for no overlap.

[0143] In mathematical formula 16, the protected area coefficient (Pf) is defined as shown in the following Table 17.

[0144] Types of protected areas coefficient Baekdudaegan Protection Area 2.0 Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area 1.8 Wetland Protection Area 1.7 Wildlife Special Protection Area 1.9 Ecological Naturalness Grade 1 1.5 General area 1.0

[0145] The floristic risk assessment step (S205) is a step for calculating the risk of the flora, and the detailed composition of the survey items is as shown in Table 18 below.

[0146] Investigation details Research methods Investigation period Vascular flora Full survey, route investigation 3 to 4 times a year (spring, summer, autumn) Vegetation Quadrat method (20m × 20m) Twice a year (spring, summer) Giant trees and old trees GPS coordinate records Once a year protected species Population size, distribution Flowering and fruiting seasons

[0147] In addition, the floristic risk (R_flora) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 20.

[0148]

[0149] Here, Sd represents the species diversity score, Vq the vegetation quality score, Cv the conservation value score, Ia the impact area ratio, and Nf the naturalness coefficient.

[0150] In Fig. 19, the species diversity score (Sd) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 21.

[0151]

[0152] Here, S represents the number of observed species, Sref represents the number of species in the reference area (average of Grade 1 ecology map), H' represents the Shannon index, and N_rare represents the number of rare and endemic species.

[0153] In mathematical formula 20, the vegetation quality score (Vq) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 22.

[0154]

[0155] Here, Nc is the Naturalness Class, set to 1.0 for natural forests (climax forests), 0.7 for secondary forests (subclimax forests), 0.4 for artificial forests (plantations), and 0.2 for grasslands and cultivated lands. Ls is the Layer Structure, calculated as "(tree layer × 0.5 + sub-tree layer × 0.3 + shrub layer × 0.2)", and the cover of each layer is set to 0 to 1. Cd is the Canopy Density, set to 1.0 for 70% or more, 0.7 for 40–70%, and 0.4 for less than 40%. Ag is the Age Class, with 1.5 for old-age forests (>80 years), 1.2 for middle-age forests (40–80 years), 1.0 for middle-age forests (20–40 years), and 0.7 for young-age forests (<20 years).

[0156] Referring again to Equation 20, the conservation value score (Cv) can be calculated as shown in Equation 23 below.

[0157]

[0158] Here, Pi represents the i-th protected species grade, Ni represents the population of the i-th species (log scale), and Ai represents the distribution area of ​​the i-th species (ha). In Equation 23, the protected species grade (Pi) can be set according to legal status as shown in Table 19 below.

[0159] Legal status score Endangered Wild Plant Class I 10.0 Endangered Wild Plant Class II 7.0 Korean endemic plants 5.0 IUCN Red List 6.0 Korea Forest Service rare plants 4.0

[0160] In mathematical formula 20, the naturalness coefficient (Nf) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 24.

[0161]

[0162] Here, Eg is set to reflect the ecological naturalness grade, with Grade 1 set to 0.5, Grade 2 to 0.3, Grade 3 to 0.1, and Separate Management to 0.0. Also, Inv is the alien species invasion level, which can be calculated as "(Number of alien species / Total number of individuals)".

[0163] The soil risk assessment step (S206) is a step for calculating the soil risk in the land environment field, and the detailed composition of the investigation items is as shown in Table 20 below.

[0164] Item classification Survey items Unit of measurement standard note Physical properties Saturn (sand / silt / clay) % USDA classification essential Soil hardness mm - select Pitcher coefficient cm / sec - essential Chemical properties pH - 5.5~7.0 essential Organic matter content % - essential Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Zn) mg / kg Concern criteria High-risk times TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) mg / kg 500 (Countermeasure Standards) High-risk times Erosion Soil Loss (USLE) ton / ha / yr - Sloping

[0165] Soil risk (R_soil) can be calculated according to the following mathematical formula 25.

[0166]

[0167] In Equation 25, P_i represents the Physical Erosion Risk, C_i represents the Chemical Contamination Risk, R_i represents the Restoration Difficulty, and K_f represents the Soil Type Correction.

[0168] The erosion risk score (P_i) can be calculated as P_i = (Slope × Rain_{intensity}) / (Vegetation_{cover} + 0.1) × USLE_{factor}, but according to the simplified version of USLE, it can be calculated as A = R × K × LS × C × P. Here, R is the rainfall erosion factor (regional reference value), and K is the soil erosion factor, set to 0.45 for sandy soil, 0.30 for loam, and 0.20 for clay. LS is the slope length / slope factor, calculated as "(slope / 9)^0.5", and C is the cover management factor, set to 1.0 for bare land, 0.15 for grassland, and 0.05 for forest. P is the conservation management factor, set to 1.0 for no countermeasures, 0.5 for contour farming, and 0.1 for terraced land.

[0169] In mathematical formula 25, the contamination risk constant (C_i) can be calculated as "C_i = (Equipment_{density} / Area) × Σ(1 / d_{fuel}^2) × Heavy_{metal}", where Equipment_density represents the equipment input density (units / ha), d_fuel represents the distance from the fuel storage facility (m), and Heavy_metal represents whether the heavy metal is exceeded (1.5 if exceeded, 1.0 if not exceeded).

[0170] In mathematical formula 25, the difficulty of restoration (R_i) can be calculated as "R_i = (1 - Organic_matter / 10) × (1 - Permeability) × Depth_factor", where Organic_matter represents the organic matter content (%, higher values ​​indicate easier restoration), Permeability represents water permeability (cm / sec, normalized to a log scale), and Depth_factor represents the topsoil depth factor. The topsoil depth factor is set to 0.7 for deep (>50cm), 1.0 for moderate (20~50cm), and 1.3 for shallow (<20cm).

[0171] In mathematical formula 25, the soil correction factor (K_f) can be defined as shown in the following Table 21.

[0172] Soil coefficient reason Sandy soil (Sand > 70%) 1.2 Vulnerable to erosion and pollution Loam (balanced) 1.0 standard Clay > 40% 0.8 High erosion resistance

[0173] In the landscape risk calculation step (S207), the detailed composition of survey items as shown in Table 22 below is included, and the landscape risk (R_landscape) can be calculated according to the following mathematical formula 26.

[0174] item Research methods Investigation period Main viewpoint Field survey, resident interviews 1 time Visibility analysis GIS Viewshed Planning stage Landscape components Forest axis, green axis, skyline 1 time Landscape resources Cultural heritage, scenic spots, natural landscapes Literature + Field Landscape fragmentation Fragstats analysis Planning stage

[0175]

[0176] In Equation 26, V_d represents the Visual Exposure Degree, F_r represents the Fragmentation Rate, S_c represents the Scenic Sensitivity, and D_f represents the Distance Decay Factor.

[0177] In mathematical formula 26, the visible exposure (V_d) can be calculated as "V_d = Visible_{Area} / Total_{Study Area}". To simplify the analysis, 5 to 10 major viewpoints are selected, the visibility area is calculated based on DEM, and the visible area ratio is determined. The landscape fragmentation index (F_r) can be calculated as "F_r = 1 - (Patch_{after} / Patch_{before}) × (Shape_{before} / Shape_{after})". The Patch index can be calculated as Patch Size: average patch size (ha), and Shape Index: SI=P / (2π×A)SI = P / (2\sqrt{\pi \times A})SI=P / (2π×A).

[0178] In mathematical equation 26, landscape sensitivity (S_c) can be calculated as "S_c = Σ(V_j / d_j)", and landscape resource value (V_j) can be defined as shown in Table 23 below.

[0179] Resource Types score National designated cultural property 10.0 Scenic spot 9.0 nature park 8.0 National symbolic landscape 8.0 City / Provincial Designated Cultural Heritage 7.0

[0181] In mathematical formula 26, the distance damping coefficient (D_f) can be calculated as "D_f = exp(-d / 2000)" and evaluated according to distance as shown in the following Table 24.

[0182] distance Impact < 1km height 1~2km middle 2~5km lowness 5km Mimi

[0183] In the topographic and geological risk assessment stage (S208), the detailed composition of the survey items for the risk measurement stage in the land environment field is as shown in Table 25 below.

[0184] item Research methods note topographical map 1:5,000 digital topographic map essential Slope analysis GIS Analysis essential Geological map 1:50,000 Geological Map essential fault zone Geological map, literature review High-risk times landslide risk Korea Forest Service risk map mountainous district underground water Water level, usage status When excavating

[0185] In addition, topographic and geological risk can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 27.

[0186]

[0187] In Equation 27, S_g represents Slope Stability, F_z represents Fault Zone Proximity, L_s represents Landslide Susceptibility, G_w represents Groundwater Impact, and H_f represents Geological Hazard Factor.

[0188] Gradient stability (S_g) is "S_g = tan(θ) / tan( It can be calculated as ”, where θ represents the average slope angle (°), and θ represents the internal friction angle (shear strength of the soil), and is set to 30–35° for sandy soil and 20–25° for clay. Stability is determined as stable if S_g < 1.0, critical if Sg = 1.0, and unstable (dangerous) if S_g > 1.0.

[0189] In mathematical formula 27, the fault zone proximity (F_z) can be calculated as "F_z = exp(-d_{fault} / 500)", and the risk according to the fault distance is as shown in the following Table 26.

[0190] Fault line distance Risk level < 500m Very high 500~1km height 1~2km commonly 2km lowness

[0191] The landslide risk (L_s) can be determined as shown in Table 27 below.

[0192] rating score Very high 1.0 height 0.7 commonly 0.5 lowness 0.3

[0193] The groundwater influence (G_w) can be calculated using the formula "G_w = Water_{table} / Excavation_{depth}". The influence based on the ratio is very high if the ratio is 0.8 or higher, indicating certain groundwater interference; high if it is 0.5 to 0.8, moderate if it is 0.3 to 0.5, and low if it is less than 0.3.

[0194] The geological fragility coefficient (H_f) can be defined as shown in Table 28 below.

[0195] geological type coefficient characteristic weathering 1.5 High risk of collapse Yeonam 1.0 standard Gyeongam 0.7 Acknowledging landfill layer 1.8 subsidence risk

[0196] In the asset risk calculation step (S209), the asset risk for natural environmental assets can be calculated using a simplified method according to the following mathematical formula 28.

[0197]

[0198] In mathematical formula 28, Presence indicates the existence of an asset (0 or 1), Proximity is exp(-distance / 500), and Impotance is set to 10.0 for national designation, 7.0 for local government designation, and 5.0 for ecological grade 1.

[0199] In the waste risk assessment step (S210), the eco-friendly resource circulation is evaluated and can be calculated using a simplified method as shown in the following mathematical formula 29.

[0200]

[0201] In mathematical formula 29, Generation_rate represents the waste generation unit (ton / ha), Max_rate represents the standard maximum generation amount (500 ton / ha), and Recycling_rate represents the recycling rate target (0.8 = 80%).

[0202] In the greenhouse gas emission calculation step (S211), greenhouse gas emissions can be calculated according to the following mathematical formula 30. These greenhouse gas emissions may be applied optionally and may also be integrated into the air quality item.

[0203]

[0204] In mathematical formula 30, Activity represents energy usage and fuel consumption, and Emission_Factor represents the IPCC emission factor.

[0205] In addition, odor investigation items may be added to the air quality risk assessment as shown in Table 29 below.

[0206] item Unit of measurement Environmental standards note Complex odor Dilution factor 15 (Industrial Area) 10 (Other Areas) Essential when complaints are frequent specific odor substances ppm Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc. High-risk times

[0207] These odors are an item directly related to complaints, and the odor intensity score (O_i) can be calculated as "O_i = (D_measured / D_standard) × C_complaint". Here, D_measured represents the measured dilution factor, D_standard represents the standard dilution factor, and C_complaint represents the complaint occurrence coefficient (1.5 for occurrence, 1.0 for non-occurrence).

[0208] In the weighted comprehensive risk calculation step (S212), after the risk for individual environmental items is calculated as above, the weights for environmental items can be set differently according to the environmental assessment step as shown in Table 30 below.

[0209] Environment items Strategy stage small-scale stage Post-mortem stage 1. Air quality + foul odor 0.20 0.25 0.30 2. Water Quality and Hydrology 0.25 0.30 0.35 3. Noise and Vibration 0.15 0.20 0.25 4. Fauna 0.12 0.06 0.02 5. Flora 0.12 0.06 0.02 6. Soil 0.05 0.05 0.03 7. Landscape 0.03 0.02 0.01 8. Topography and Geology 0.03 0.02 0.01 9. Natural Environment Assets 0.03 0.02 0.005 10. Resource Circulation 0.01 0.01 0.005 11. Greenhouse gases 0.01 0.01 0.005 total 1.00 1.00 1.00

[0210] And in the comprehensive risk calculation step (S212), the comprehensive risk (R_total) can be calculated as shown in the following mathematical formula 31 by reflecting the weights of Table 30 above.

[0211]

[0212] Here, Wi_stage is an evaluation stage weight that can be set to 1.0 for strategy, 1.2 (refinement) for small scale, and 1.5 (real-time response) for post-evaluation; Wi_category is an environmental item (category) weight as shown in Table 30; and Ri_category is the risk level for each environmental item calculated in the preceding S201 to S211 stages. Mf is a composite impact correction factor that can be calculated as "1 + (N_exceed / N_total) × 0.5", where N_exceed represents the number of items exceeding the standard, and N_total represents the total number of evaluation items.

[0213] Finally, in the risk level classification step (S213), the risk level can be classified according to the comprehensive risk score calculated through the above procedure as shown in Table 31 below.

[0214] Risk score rating Investigation intensity Measures 8.0 ~ 10.0 Very high Up to (once a week) Additional reduction, expert consultation 6.0 ~ 7.9 height Reinforcement (once every 2 weeks) Strengthening reduction measures 4.0 ~ 5.9 commonly Standard (once a month) Basic reduction measures 2.0 ~ 3.9 lowness Easing (once a quarter) Monitoring-focused 0.0 ~ 1.9 Very low At least (once every six months) Record management

[0215] The values ​​of various parameters included in the formulas, etc., defined in the above risk calculation step (S200) are merely examples and may be appropriately changed depending on the conditions of the investigation site or the evaluation stage, and the number of environmental items for calculating the risk may be increased or decreased as needed.

[0217] FIG. 4 is a detailed flowchart of the step of generating and adjusting an investigation plan when the risk level is above a threshold in a field investigation procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0218] Referring to FIG. 4, the investigation plan generation and adjustment step (S300) consists of an automatic investigation point selection step (S310), an investigation item selection / exclusion step (S320), a dynamic adjustment of the investigation cycle step (S330), and an investigation intensity (frequency / range) determination step (S340).

[0219] In the automatic investigation point selection step (S310), investigation points are automatically selected based on the previously calculated overall risk and spatial risk distribution. Depending on the calculated risk, additional field investigation points are placed in high-risk areas to enable intensive monitoring.

[0220] In the investigation item selection / exclusion step (S320), key items requiring investigation are selected based on the characteristics of each investigation site and risk scores according to the environmental assessment stage. Conversely, unnecessary field investigations are minimized by reducing or excluding items judged to have minimal environmental impact due to low calculated risk.

[0221] In the dynamic adjustment step of the investigation cycle (S330), the field investigation cycle is variably set in conjunction with the calculated risk level, deviating from the pre-fixed field investigation cycle. The investigation cycle is dynamically adjusted to shorten high-risk areas or specific periods to enable immediate response, while extending the investigation cycle for low-risk areas.

[0222] In the step of determining the investigation intensity (frequency and scope) (S340), the results calculated in the above steps (S310 to S330) are combined to determine the final field investigation intensity (frequency and scope). For example, if the calculated comprehensive risk score is 8.0 or higher (very high grade), the investigation intensity is determined as 'maximum (once a week)'; if it is 4.0 to 5.9 (normal grade), it is determined as 'standard (once a month)'; and if it is 0.0 to 1.9 (very low grade), it is matched as 'minimum (once every six months)', thereby differentially determining the frequency and scope of the field investigation and outputting the final investigation plan.

[0223] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a system that automatically generates and adjusts a field survey plan based on risk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0224] As shown in FIG. 5, the system according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include a database (100a) in which environmental assessment-related data is stored, a computer system (100) for performing an environmental impact assessment procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention, an evaluator terminal (10) for accessing the computer system (100) through a communication network such as a local network or a broadband network, sensors (20) at the investigation site, etc.

[0225] Referring to FIG. 5, the system includes a database (100a) in which environmental assessment-related data is stored, and a computer system (100) for performing a risk-based environmental impact assessment procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The communication network and the evaluator terminal (10) are intended to remotely access the computer system (100) through a communication network, such as a local network or a broadband network, to perform environmental impact assessment tasks. The field sensor (20) is installed at the site to be investigated to collect real-time environmental data, such as air quality, water quality, noise, and vibration, and transmits this data to the system through the communication network.

[0226] FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a system that automatically generates and adjusts a field survey plan based on risk throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0227] As shown in FIG. 6, the system (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention is composed of an input module (110) for receiving sensor data or various collected data and storing it in a database (100a), a risk calculation engine (120) that takes input data stored in the database (100a), calculates the risk level for each environmental item, and then calculates the overall risk level by applying weights for each evaluation stage, an investigation plan generation and adjustment engine (130) that generates an investigation plan such as an investigation point, investigation item, investigation cycle, and investigation intensity according to the risk level calculated by the risk calculation engine (120) and adjusts it according to feedback, an investigation plan output module (140), and a feedback module (150), thereby enabling field investigation to be performed according to the generated investigation plan.

[0228] Referring to FIG. 6, the input module (110) receives sensor data from the investigation site or various collected data and stores it in the database (100a). To efficiently process various types of data, the input module (110) may be configured to include a data input unit (111), a sensor data collection unit (112), and a data collection unit (113) as detailed components. The data input unit (111) is a module that receives and processes data (e.g., business plan information, construction progress information, etc.) directly entered or registered by a user through an evaluator terminal, etc. The sensor data collection unit (112) is a module that automatically collects monitoring data (e.g., real-time measurements of air quality, noise and vibration, etc.) measured in real time from multiple sensors installed at the investigation site through a communication network. The data collection unit (113) is a module that collects all basic data necessary for environmental impact assessment, such as spatial information (GIS), environmentally sensitive information, past environmental investigation results, and meteorological and hydrological information provided by external agencies. Various types of data collected and classified through the detailed components (111, 112, 113) of the input module (110) are systematically stored in the database (100a), and this is used as core basic data for the risk assessment engine (120) to accurately calculate the risk level for each environmental item in a subsequent stage.

[0229] The risk calculation engine (120) plays a pivotal role in calculating the overall risk by taking input data stored in the database (100a), calculating the risk for each environmental item, and applying weights for each evaluation stage. Specifically, the risk calculation engine (120) is composed of sub-calculation modules that individually calculate the risk of each environmental category and an evaluation module that finally integrates them.

[0230] The risk assessment modules (121–124) for each environmental item are configured to include an air risk assessment module (121), a water quality risk assessment module (122), a noise and vibration risk assessment module (123), and a flora and fauna risk assessment module (124). Although only some representative modules are illustrated in FIG. 6 for ease of understanding, a number of sub-modules for evaluating the risk of various environmental items described above, such as soil, landscape, topography, and geology, may be expanded and added. Each of these modules quantitatively calculates the risk score of the corresponding environmental item through a pre-set mathematical algorithm (e.g., a formula considering emission intensity, diffusion conditions, sensitive receptors, etc.).

[0231] The comprehensive risk assessment module (125) is a module that collects risk data individually calculated by the above-mentioned risk assessment modules (121~124, etc.) for each environmental item. The comprehensive risk assessment module (125) calculates the final comprehensive risk by reflecting the stage-specific weights according to the environmental impact assessment stage (strategic, small-scale, post-assessment) and category weights indicating the importance between environmental items to the collected risk for each item. The comprehensive risk data derived through the risk assessment engine (120) in this manner is transmitted to the investigation plan generation and adjustment engine (130) located at the downstream end, and is used as a key reference value for determining the investigation point and cycle.

[0232] The investigation plan generation and adjustment engine (130) generates an investigation plan, such as investigation points, investigation items, investigation cycles, and investigation intensity, based on the risk calculated by the risk calculation engine (120), and performs the role of adjusting it according to feedback. To this end, the investigation plan generation and adjustment engine (130) is configured to include the following detailed modules.

[0233] The investigation point selection module (131) is a module that automatically selects investigation points based on the calculated overall risk and spatial risk distribution. The investigation item selection module (132) is a module that selects necessary field investigation items or excludes items with minimal environmental impact based on the characteristics of each investigation point and the calculated risk score. The investigation cycle determination module (133) is a module that determines whether to dynamically shorten or extend the field investigation cycle in conjunction with the calculated risk level. The investigation intensity determination module (134) is a module that determines the overall investigation intensity, such as the frequency and scope of the final field investigation, based on the results calculated by the above modules.

[0234] Additionally, the system (100) is configured to further include an investigation plan output module (140) and a feedback module (150) to execute and supplement the plan generated by the engine (130).

[0235] The investigation plan output module (140) is a module that enables actual field investigation to be performed according to the generated investigation plan by providing the final investigation plan confirmed through the investigation plan generation and adjustment engine (130) in the form of a screen or document.

[0236] The feedback module (150) collects environmental change factors such as field survey results, changes in construction processes, rainfall, and complaints, and feeds them back to the system, thereby performing the role of inducing the recalculation of risk by the risk assessment engine (120), the generation of investigation plans, and the dynamic adjustment of the adjustment engine (130).

[0237] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of hardware for a computer device implementing the system shown in FIG. 6.

[0238] A system (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented and executed as a computing device including a processor (101), RAM (102), storage (103), and an input / output interface (104) as shown in FIG. 7.

[0239] Referring to FIG. 7, the computing device may include one or more processors (104), a bus, memory (102) for loading a computer program executed by the processor (101), and storage (103) for storing the computer program. The processor (101) controls the overall operation of each component of the computing device. The processor (101) may be configured to include a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processor Unit), an MCU (Micro Controller Unit), a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit), or any type of processor well known in the art of the present invention. Additionally, the processor (101) may perform operations on at least one application or program for executing the method according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0240] Memory (102) stores various data, commands, and / or information. Memory (102) may load one or more programs from storage (103) to execute a risk-based environmental assessment procedure according to embodiments of the present invention. Storage (103) may store one or more computer programs non-temporarily. Storage (103) may be configured to include non-volatile memory such as ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), flash memory, a hard disk, a removable disk, or any form of computer-readable recording medium well known in the art to which the present invention belongs. A database (100a) may be implemented on storage (103) or on NAS or cloud storage.

[0241] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention may be implemented in other specific forms without changing its technical concept or essential features. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. Explanation of the symbols

[0243] 100: On-site Bosa Plan Automatic Generation / Adjustment System 110: Input Module 120: Risk Assessment Engine 130: Investigation Plan Generation / Adjustment Engine 140: Investigation Plan Output Module 150: Feedback Module

Claims

Claim 1 A field investigation method for the entire process of environmental impact assessment, including strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-construction environmental impact investigation, performed by a computing system including a processor and memory, comprising: a step in which an input module of the computing system collects input data including project plan information, spatial information (GIS), environmentally sensitive information, past environmental investigation results, real-time measurement data, meteorological and hydrological information, and construction progress information; a step in which a risk calculation engine of the computing system calculates a risk level for each of a plurality of environmental items including air quality, water quality and hydrology, noise and vibration, fauna, flora, and soil based on the input data, and calculates a comprehensive risk level by multiplying the calculated risk levels for each environmental item by a category weight according to the type of environmental item and an evaluation stage weight that is differentially set according to which stage it is among strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-construction environmental impact investigation, summing the results, and applying a composite impact correction coefficient derived by reflecting the ratio of the number of items exceeding environmental standards to the total number of evaluation items; and a step in which an investigation plan generation and adjustment engine of the computing system conducts an investigation according to the calculated comprehensive risk level. A step of automatically generating a field survey plan including locations, survey items, and survey cycles, wherein the field survey plan throughout the entire process of the environmental impact assessment is configured such that the survey results of the previous assessment stage are automatically linked as default values ​​for the next assessment stage, wherein in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage, a representativeness-centered survey plan is generated considering the broad impact zone and environmentally sensitive areas, and in the small-scale environmental impact assessment stage, the survey locations and survey items are refined based on the top risk items calculated in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage to subdivide the survey cycle, and in the post-environmental impact assessment stage, the survey cycle is shortened, survey locations are added, or survey items are changed in accordance with changes in the construction process, occurrence of rainfall, or civil complaints; and a step of conducting a field survey according to the field survey plan.An environmental impact assessment field survey method comprising the step of recalculating the overall risk and dynamically readjusting the field survey plan when at least one environmental change factor among field survey results, changes in construction processes, occurrence of rainfall, or occurrence of complaints is received through a feedback module of the computing system. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 An environmental impact assessment field investigation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of automatically generating and adjusting a field investigation plan classifies the risk grade into multiple grades according to the calculated comprehensive risk score and differentially controls the investigation cycle with an investigation intensity matched to the grade, wherein the field investigation cycle is strengthened to the maximum frequency (once a week) when the comprehensive risk score is at or above the first threshold for the highest risk grade, is set to the standard frequency (once a month) when the comprehensive risk score is at or below the second threshold for the normal grade, and is relaxed to the minimum frequency (once a half-year) when the comprehensive risk score is at or below the third threshold for the lowest risk grade. Claim 4 In claim 1, the step of calculating the risk level for each environmental item includes a process of calculating the air quality risk level, wherein the air quality risk level is calculated by applying a cumulative impact correction coefficient to a value obtained by multiplying the emission intensity score for each pollutant, the diffusion condition score including topographic complexity, the sensitive receptor score reflecting the distance to the receptor, and the temporal factor score reflecting weather and season by a weight for each pollutant and summing them. Claim 5 A method for field investigation of an environmental impact assessment, wherein, in claim 1, the step of calculating the risk level for each environmental item includes a process of calculating the water quality risk level, and the water quality risk level is calculated by applying a vulnerability correction factor calculated based on bedrock permeability and soil drainage grade to a value obtained by multiplying the water quality item weights by the sum of the values ​​obtained by the sum of the pollution load score for each water quality item, the hydrological condition score reflecting river flow, the location sensitivity score reflecting water right use, and the runoff path score including the vegetation buffering factor. Claim 6 In claim 1, the step of calculating the risk level for each environmental item includes a process of calculating the noise and vibration risk level, wherein the noise and vibration risk level is calculated by applying a day / night time period correction coefficient to a value obtained by multiplying a noise source weighting factor by a sound pressure level score based on the predicted noise level for each noise source, a distance attenuation score, receptor sensitivity, and shielding conditions reflecting shielding efficiency. Claim 7 delete Claim 8 A system for automatically designing and coordinating field surveys throughout the entire process of environmental impact assessment, including strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, and post-construction environmental impact assessment, comprising: an input module for collecting input data including project plan information, spatial information (GIS), environmentally sensitive information, past environmental survey results, real-time measurement data, meteorological and hydrological information, and construction progress information; a database for storing the collected input data; and a processor.and includes a memory that stores program instructions executed by the processor, wherein, upon execution of the program instructions, the processor drives a risk assessment engine to calculate risk levels for a plurality of environmental items, including air quality, water quality / hydrology, noise / vibration, fauna, flora, and soil, based on the input data, and calculates a comprehensive risk level by multiplying the calculated risk levels for each environmental item by a category weight according to the type of environmental item and an evaluation stage weight that is differentially set according to which stage it is—strategic environmental impact assessment, small-scale environmental impact assessment, or post-environmental impact survey—and summing the results, and then applying a composite impact correction coefficient derived by reflecting the ratio of the number of items exceeding environmental standards to the total number of evaluation items, and drives a survey plan generation and adjustment engine to automatically generate a field survey plan including survey points, survey items, and survey cycles according to the calculated comprehensive risk level, wherein the field survey plan throughout the entire environmental impact assessment process is configured so that the survey results of the previous evaluation stage are automatically linked as the default values ​​for the next evaluation stage, and in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage, representativeness-centered, considering the broad impact zone and environmentally sensitive areas A risk-based environmental impact assessment field survey system characterized by generating a survey plan, refining survey points and items based on the top risk items calculated in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage during the small-scale environmental impact assessment stage to subdivide the survey cycle, generating a field survey plan to shorten the survey cycle, add survey points, or change survey items according to changes in the construction process, occurrence of rainfall, or occurrence of complaints during the post-environmental impact assessment stage, and performing an operation to dynamically readjust the field survey plan by recalculating the comprehensive risk when at least one environmental change factor among field survey results, changes in the construction process, occurrence of rainfall, or occurrence of complaints is received through a feedback module. Claim 9 delete Claim 10 A risk-based environmental impact assessment field investigation system according to claim 8, wherein, when the investigation plan generation and adjustment engine is operated, the processor classifies the calculated comprehensive risk score according to a plurality of pre-set risk grade standards and differentially controls the investigation cycle with an investigation intensity matched to the determined grade, and dynamically updates the investigation cycle to strengthen the field investigation cycle to a maximum frequency of once a week if the comprehensive risk score is at or above the first threshold for the highest risk grade, set it to a standard frequency of once a month if it is at or below the second threshold for the normal grade, and relax it to a minimum frequency of once a half-year if it is at or below the third threshold for the lowest risk grade.

Images