Refrigerant composition for refrigerant compressor systems

Abstract

A vapor compression refrigeration system comprising a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor and a refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290).

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition for a refrigerant compressor of a vapor compression system. Background Technology

[0002] Refrigerants with a very low global warming potential (GWP < 150) are required to meet regulatory requirements for various applications and market segments. Several alternatives have been developed to replace conventional high-GWP refrigerants such as R-404A. Many of the low-GWP refrigerants proposed as such replacements, such as R-457A, exhibit higher exhaust temperatures than the high-GWP refrigerants like R-404A they replace. This can limit their efficiency by reducing the operating range of compressors in vapor compression systems. This can be particularly critical for hermetic compressors used in low or medium-temperature refrigeration, as many of these models do not utilize active exhaust temperature control systems, such as liquid or vapor injection. If left unchecked, the higher exhaust temperatures generated in these applications can potentially shorten compressor lifespan. Without the ability to actively mitigate exhaust temperatures, the use of these compressors may be limited to applications where evaporator temperatures are higher or condensation temperatures are lower.

[0003] In an exemplary embodiment, a composition comprising a refrigerant composition is provided. The refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290).

[0004] In another exemplary embodiment, a refrigeration system comprising a hermetic compressor and a refrigerant composition is provided. The refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290).

[0005] In another exemplary embodiment, a method is provided for replacing a first refrigerant composition comprising R-404A, R-457A, R-290, R-454C, or 507A with a second refrigerant composition comprising 76 wt% to 84 wt% of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 16 wt% to 19 wt% of difluoromethane, and 1.0 wt% to 5.0 wt% of propane. The replacement is performed in a refrigeration system comprising a hermetic compressor.

[0006] In another exemplary embodiment, a method of operating a hermetic compressor as part of a refrigeration system is provided. The method comprises the steps of receiving a refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290) by a hermetic compressor, and compressing the refrigerant composition by a hermetic compressor. The discharge temperature of the compressor is 78.0°C to 102.0°C.

[0007] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description of preferred embodiments illustrating the principles of the present invention, by way of example. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration system according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration system according to one embodiment. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0009] definition

[0010] A refrigerant is defined as a heat transfer fluid that undergoes a phase change from liquid to gas and back again during a cycle used for heat transfer.

[0011] A refrigeration system is a system (or device) used to generate a heating or cooling effect in a specific space. Heat transfer or refrigeration systems can be mobile or stationary systems.

[0012] Examples of refrigeration systems include, but are not limited to, stationary heat transfer systems, air conditioners, freezers, refrigerators, heat pumps, water chillers, flooded evaporator chillers, direct expansion chillers, walk-in coolers, mobile or transport refrigeration systems, mobile heat transfer systems, mobile air conditioning units, dehumidifiers, and combinations thereof, any type of refrigeration system and air conditioning system.

[0013] Refrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity) is a term that defines the enthalpy change of the refrigerant in the evaporator per pound of circulating refrigerant, or the heat removed by the refrigerant in the evaporator per unit volume of refrigerant vapor exiting the evaporator (volumetric capacity). Refrigeration capacity is a measure of the ability of a refrigerant or heat transfer composition to generate cooling. Therefore, the larger the capacity, the greater the cooling produced. The cooling rate refers to the heat removed by the refrigerant in the evaporator per unit time.

[0014] The coefficient of performance (COP) is the value obtained by dividing the amount of heat removed by the energy input required to operate the cycle. The higher the COP, the higher the energy efficiency. COP is directly related to the energy efficiency ratio (EER), which is the efficiency rating for refrigeration or air conditioning equipment at specific internal and external temperature settings.

[0015] A temperature glide (sometimes simply referred to as "glide") is the absolute value of the difference between the starting temperature and the ending temperature of a phase change process by a refrigerant within a component of a refrigerant system, excluding any subcooling or superheating. This term may be used to describe the condensation or evaporation of near azeotrope mixtures or non-azeotrope compositions. When referring to a temperature glide in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system, it is common to provide an average temperature glide, which is the average of the temperature glide in the evaporator and the temperature glide in the condenser.

[0016] The net cooling effect is the amount of heat absorbed by 1 kilogram of refrigerant in the evaporator to produce useful cooling.

[0017] Mass flow rate is the amount of refrigerant (in kilograms) circulating through a refrigeration, heat pump, or air conditioning system over a given period.

[0018] As used herein, the term “lubricant” means any material added to a composition or compressor (and in contact with any heat transfer composition during use in any heat transfer system) that provides lubrication to the compressor to assist in preventing seizing of parts.

[0019] As used herein, a compatibilizer is a compound that improves the solubility of the hydrofluorocarbon of the disclosed composition in a heat transfer system lubricant. In some embodiments, the compatibilizer improves oil recovery to the compressor. In some embodiments, the composition is used with the system lubricant to reduce oil-rich phase viscosity.

[0020] As used herein, oil recovery refers to the ability of a heat transfer composition to transport lubricant through a heat transfer system and recover it to the compressor. That is, during use, it is not uncommon for a portion of the compressor lubricant to be transported from the compressor to other parts of the system by the heat transfer composition. In such a system, if the lubricant is not efficiently recovered to the compressor, the compressor will eventually fail due to a lack of lubrication.

[0021] As used herein, “ultraviolet” dyes are defined as UV fluorescent or phosphorescent compositions that absorb light in the ultraviolet or “near” ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Fluorescence produced by UV fluorescent dyes can be detected under illumination by UV light emitting at least some radiation having a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to about 775 nanometers.

[0022] Flammability is a term used to describe the ability of a composition to ignite and / or propagate a flame. For refrigerants and other heat transfer compositions, the lower flammability limit ("LFL") is the minimum concentration of the heat transfer composition in air capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the composition and air under the test conditions specified in ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) E681. The upper flammability limit ("UFL") is the maximum concentration of the heat transfer composition in air capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the composition and air under the same test conditions. Whether a refrigerant compound or mixture is flammable or non-flammable is also determined by testing under the conditions of ASTM-E681.

[0023] During a refrigerant leak, the low-boiling components of the mixture may leak preferentially. Therefore, the composition of the system as well as the vapor leak can change over the duration of the leak. Consequently, a non-flammable mixture may become flammable under leak scenarios. Furthermore, to be classified as non-flammable by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the refrigerant or heat transfer composition must be non-flammable not only when formulated but also under leak conditions. ASHRAE defines different flammability classes. Class 1 refrigerants do not propagate flame. Class 3 refrigerants have higher flammability, and Class 2 refrigerants are classified as flammable. Class 2L refrigerants have lower flammability with a combustion rate of 10 cm / sec or less.

[0024] The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is an index that estimates the relative contribution to global warming caused by one kilogram of atmospheric release of a specific greenhouse gas compared to the release of one kilogram of carbon dioxide. GWP can be calculated for different time horizons representing the atmospheric lifetime effect for a given gas. The GWP for a 100-year time horizon is typically the standard value. For mixtures, a weighted average can be calculated based on the individual GWPs for each component.

[0025] The Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is a numerical value that designates the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. ODP is the ratio of a chemical's effect on ozone to the effect of a similar mass of CFC-11 (fluorotrichloromethane). In other words, CFC-11 is defined as having an ODP of 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs in the range of 0.01 to 1.0. HFCs have an ODP of 0 because they do not contain chlorine or other ozone-depleting halogens.

[0026] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “comprising,” “comprising,” “having,” “having,” or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or device comprising a list of elements is not necessarily limited to such elements alone and may include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or device.

[0027] The connecting phrase “consisting of” excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or components. In the context of a claim, this would typically close the claim for the inclusion of materials other than those mentioned, with the exception of related impurities. Where the phrase “consisting of” appears in the body of a claim rather than immediately after a preamble, it limits only the elements indicated in that section; other elements are not excluded from the claim in their entirety.

[0028] The connecting phrase “essentially consisting of” is used to define a composition, method, or apparatus comprising materials, steps, features, components, or elements in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that such additionally included materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not substantially affect the basic and novel features(s) of the claimed invention. The term “essentially consisting of” occupies an intermediate position between “comprising” and “consisting of.” Typically, the components of a refrigerant mixture and the refrigerant mixture itself may contain trace amounts (e.g., less than about 0.5 weight percent total) of impurities and / or by-products (e.g., by the manufacture of the refrigerant components or by-product reclamation from other systems) that do not substantially affect the novel and basic features of the refrigerant mixture.

[0029] Where the applicant has defined an invention or part thereof in an open-ended term such as “comprising”, it will be readily understood that (unless otherwise noted) such description should also be interpreted as describing such invention using the terms “essentially consisting of” or “consisting of”.

[0030] Additionally, the use of indefinite articles (“a” or “an”) is employed to describe the elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to provide a general meaning of the scope of the invention. Such descriptions should be understood as comprising one or at least one, and the singular form also includes the plural form unless the number is explicitly singular.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used to practice or test embodiments of the disclosed compositions, but suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety unless specific passages are cited. In the event of a conflict, the present specification, including definitions, shall prevail. Furthermore, materials, methods, and examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting.

[0032] 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene may also be referred to as HFO-1234yf, HFC-1234yf, or R1234yf. HFO-1234yf may be produced by methods known in the art, for example, by dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb) or 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245cb).

[0033] Difluoromethane (HFC-32 or R-32) is available for purchase or can be produced by methods known in the art, for example, by dechlorofluorination of methylene chloride.

[0034] Propane (R-290) can be purchased from a number of gas suppliers or produced by any of a number of well-known methods.

[0035] Composition and System

[0036] A low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerant composition is provided, exhibiting a low exhaust temperature and a high heat capacity. The refrigerant composition is suitable for use in hermetic compressors used in refrigeration applications.

[0037] In another embodiment, a refrigeration system including a hermetic compressor is provided.

[0038] An embodiment of a refrigeration system (100) is shown in FIG. 1. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the refrigeration system (100) includes a receiving tank (110). The receiving tank (110) receives a refrigerant composition and supplies the refrigerant composition to other components of the refrigeration system (100) during operation.

[0039] The refrigerant composition may be selected from materials with a low Global Warming Potential (GWP). In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition exhibits a GWP of less than 180, less than 150, and / or less than 130. In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition may be selected to replace a refrigerant composition with a high GWP. In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition may be selected to replace refrigerant compositions such as R-404A, R-290, R-454C, R-457A, and R-507A. The alternative composition preferably provides similar or improved properties compared to R-404A. Similar properties may include flammability, exhaust temperature, and heat transport capacity.

[0040] A refrigerant composition suitable for replacing R-404A refrigerant may include difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290). In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition may be a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition.

[0041] In one embodiment, the refrigeration system (100) may be a direct expansion refrigeration system. During the operation of the refrigeration system (100), a refrigerant composition circulates throughout the refrigeration system (100) as part of a heat transfer process. In the example of FIG. 1, a receiving tank (110) is operably coupled to an evaporator (120) via an expansion device (125), such as an orifice tube, a capillary tube, a thermal expansion valve, or an electronic expansion valve. The expansion device (125) supplies the refrigerant composition to the evaporator (120). In some embodiments, the receiving tank (110) is optional. In such embodiments, the refrigerant is supplied directly to the evaporator (120) without a receiving tank. In one embodiment, the refrigerant composition is transported between the receiving tank (110) and the evaporator (120) via the expansion device (125). In some embodiments, the evaporator (120) may be operated in a low-temperature mode. For the purposes described herein, the low-temperature evaporator operation is -40°C to -18°C. In some embodiments, the evaporator (120) may be operated in a medium-temperature mode. For the purposes described herein, the medium-temperature evaporator operation is -20°C to -5°C.

[0042] The evaporator (120) is operably connected to the compressor (140) via the suction line (135). The compressor (140) increases the pressure of the vaporized refrigerant entering the compressor (140). In some embodiments, the compressor (140) may be a hermetic compressor. In some embodiments, the hermetic compressor is a rotary compressor, a scroll compressor, or a reciprocating compressor. In some embodiments, the hermetic compressor is a low-back pressure (LBP) hermetic compressor. In other embodiments, the hermetic compressor is a low-back pressure (LBP) hermetic reciprocating compressor.

[0043] In one embodiment, the refrigerant composition is a non-azeotropic composition comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290). In some embodiments, the discharge temperature of the hermetic compressor is 78.0°C to 102.0°C, 80.0°C to 100.0°C, 82°C to 99.0°C, 80.0°C to 100.0°C, 82°C to 99.0°C, 80.0°C to 90.0°C, 80.0°C to 100.0°C, 90°C to 99.0°C, and combinations thereof.

[0044] The compressor (140) is operably connected to the condenser (160). The condenser (160) receives the pressurized vapor refrigerant and allows the pressurized vapor evaporator to transfer heat to an external medium and condense into a liquid state.

[0045] The condenser (160) is operably connected to the receiving tank (110). The liquid refrigerant is returned to the receiving tank (110) and then supplied to the evaporator (120) so that it can be used to absorb heat.

[0046] In a composition intended to replace a conventional high-GWP refrigerant, it is desirable that the replacement refrigerant composition exhibits a low GWP as well as similar or improved refrigerant properties compared to the refrigerant it replaces. In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition is intended to replace R-457A (a mixture containing 18 wt% HFC-32, 70 wt% HFO-1234yf and 12 wt% HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane)), R-454C (a mixture containing 21.5 wt% HFC-32 and 78.5 wt% HFO-1234yf), R-404A (a mixture of 44 wt% HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane), 52 wt% HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane), and 4 wt% HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)), R-507A (a mixture containing 50 wt% HFC-125 and 50 wt% HFC-143a), or R-290 (propane).

[0047] In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition comprises an amount of R-32 in the weight of the refrigerant composition in the amount of 15 to 20 weight%, an amount of R-1234yf in the amount of 74 to 84 weight%, and an amount of propane in the amount of 1 to 10 weight%, based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. In some embodiments, the refrigerant composition comprises an amount of R-32 in the amount of 16 to 19 weight%, an amount of R-1234yf in the amount of 76 to 84 weight%, based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and an amount of propane in the amount of 1.0 to 5.0 weight%, based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. In one embodiment, the refrigerant composition comprises an amount of R-32 in the range of 16 to 18 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, an amount of R-1234yf in the range of 79 to 83 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and an amount of propane in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. In another embodiment, the refrigerant composition comprises an amount of R-32 in the range of 17 to 18 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, an amount of R-1234yf in the range of 80 to 82 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and an amount of propane in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. In one embodiment, the refrigerant composition comprises an amount of R-32 in the range of 18 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, an amount of R-1234yf in the range of 80 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and an amount of propane in the range of 2.0 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. In another embodiment, the refrigerant composition comprises 17 weight percent of R-32 based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 81 weight percent of R-1234yf based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and 2.0 weight percent of propane based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. In another embodiment, the refrigerant composition comprises 18 weight percent of R-32 based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 81 weight percent of R-1234yf based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and 1 weight percent based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.It contains 0 weight% of propane. In another embodiment, the refrigerant composition contains 17 weight% of R-32 based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 82 weight% of R-1234yf based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and 1.0 weight% of propane based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0048] In one embodiment, propane is present in an amount of 0.5 to 1.0 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0049] In particular, any of the compositions in Table A may be used in a refrigeration system including a hermetic compressor.

[0050] [Table A]

[0051]

[0052] The refrigerant composition may further comprise one or more optional non-refrigerant components selected from the group consisting of lubricants, dyes (including UV dyes), solubilizers, compatibilizers, stabilizers, tracers, anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface energy reducers, metal surface deactivators, free radical scavengers, foam control agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergents, viscosity modifiers, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the optional non-refrigerant components may be referred to as additives. In practice, a number of such optional non-refrigerant components may fall into one or more of these categories and possess qualities suitable for achieving one or more performance characteristics.

[0053] To facilitate operation and extend the service life of the compressor (140), a lubricant may be included in the refrigerant composition. The solubility and miscibility of the lubricant and the refrigerant composition can improve the performance of the lubricant and extend the service life of the compressor (140). In some embodiments, the lubricant may include mineral oil, alkylbenzene, polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, polyvinyl ether, polycarbonate, perfluoropolyether, silicone, silicate ester, phosphate ester, paraffin, naphthene, polyalpha-olefin, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the lubricant includes a polyol ester or a polyvinyl ether. In one embodiment, the lubricant includes a polyol ester. In another embodiment, the lubricant includes a polyvinyl ether.

[0054] An optional non-refrigerant component used with the refrigerant composition may be a stabilizer, which is selected from the group consisting of hindered phenol, thiophosphate, butylated triphenylphosphorothionate, organic phosphate or phosphite, aryl alkyl ether, terpene, terpenoid, epoxide, fluorinated epoxide, oxetane, ascorbic acid, thiol, lactone, thioether, amine, nitromethane, alkylsilane, benzophenone derivative, aryl sulfide, divinyl terephthalic acid, diphenyl terephthalic acid, ionic liquid, and mixtures thereof—meaning a mixture of any stabilizers disclosed in this paragraph.

[0055] The stabilizers are butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); tocopherol hydroquinone; t-butyl hydroquinone; monothiophosphate; and dithiophosphate available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals (Basel, Switzerland, hereinafter "Ciba") under the trade name Irgalube (registered trademark) 63; dialkylthiophosphate esters available from Ciba under the trade names Irgalube (registered trademark) 353 and Irgalube (registered trademark) 350, respectively; butylated triphenylphosphorothionate available from Ciba under the trade name Irgalube (registered trademark) 232; and amine phosphate available from Ciba under the trade name Irgalube (registered trademark) 349 (Ciba). Obstruction phosphite available from Ciba under Irgafos (registered trademark) 168; tris-(di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite available from Ciba under the trade name Irgafos (registered trademark) OPH; (di-n-octyl phosphite); and iso-decyl diphenyl phosphite available from Ciba under the trade name Irgafos (registered trademark) DDPP; trialkyl phosphates, e.g., trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate; triaryl phosphates including triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and trixylenyl phosphate; and mixed alkyl-aryl phosphates including isopropylphenyl phosphate (IPPP) and bis(t-butylphenyl)phenyl phosphate (TBPP); Butylated triphenyl phosphate, available under the trade name Syn-O-Ad (registered trademark), for example, including Syn-O-Ad (registered trademark) 8784; tert-butylated triphenyl phosphate, available under the trade name Durad (registered trademark) 620, for example; isopropylated triphenyl phosphate, available under the trade names Durad (registered trademark) 220 and Durad (registered trademark) 110, for example; anisole; 1,4-dimethoxybenzene;1,4-diethoxybenzene; 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene; myrcene, allocymene, limonene (especially d-limonene); retinal; pinene (α or β form); menthol; geraniol; farnesol; farnesene (α or β form); phytol; vitamin A; terpinene; delta-3-carene; terpinolene; phellandrene; fenchene; dipentene; caratenoids, e.g., lycopene, beta-carotene, and xanthophyll, e.g., zeaxanthin; retinoids, e.g., hepaxanthin and isotretinoin; bornan; 1,2-propylene oxide; 1,2-butylene oxide; n-butyl glycidyl ether; trifluoromethyloxirane; 1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane; 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-oxetane, e.g., OXT-101 (Toagosei Co., Ltd)); 3-ethyl-3-((phenoxy)methyl)-oxetane, e.g., OXT-211 (Toagosei Co., Ltd); 3-ethyl-3-((2-ethyl-hexyloxy)methyl)-oxetane, e.g., OXT-212 (Toagosei Co., Ltd); ascorbic acid; methanethiol (methyl mercaptan); ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan); coenzyme A; dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA); grapefruit mercaptan ((R)-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propane-2-thiol)); Cysteine ​​((R)-2-amino-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid); lipoamide (1,2-dithiolan-3-pentanamide); 5,7-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-[2,3(or 3,4)-dimethylphenyl]-2(3H)-benzofuranone, available from Ciba under the trade name Irganox (registered trademark) HP-136; benzylphenyl sulfide; diphenyl sulfide; diisopropylamine; dioctadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, available from Ciba under the trade name Irganox (registered trademark) PS 802 (Ciba); didodecyl 3,3'-thiopropionate, available from Ciba under the trade name Irganox (registered trademark) PS 800;Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, available from Ciba under the trade name Tinuvin (registered trademark) 770; poly-(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate) methyl bis-tallowamine, available from Ciba under the trade name Tinuvin (registered trademark) 622LD (Ciba); bis-tallowamine; phenol-alpha-naphthylamine; bis(dimethylamino)methylsilane (DMAMS); tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS); vinyltriethoxysilane; vinyltrimethoxysilane; 2,5-difluorobenzophenone; 2'5'-dihydroxyacetophenone; 2-aminobenzophenone; 2-chlorobenzophenone; benzylphenyl sulfide; It may be selected from the group consisting of diphenyl sulfide; dibenzyl sulfide; ionic liquid; and mixtures and combinations thereof.

[0056] In particular, the optional non-refrigerant component may be a polymerization inhibitor. The polymerization inhibitor may include combinations of terpenes or terpenoids, butylated triphenylphosphorothionate, benzophenone and derivatives thereof, terephthalates, phenols, epoxides, and any of these classes. The polymerization inhibitor may include myrcene, allooxymene, limonene (particularly d-limonene); retinal; pinene (α or β form); menthol; geraniol; farnesol; farnesene (α or β form); phytol; vitamin A; terpinene (α or γ form); delta-3-carene; terpinolene; phellandrene; pentene; dipentene; caratenoids, e.g., lycopene, beta-carotene, and xanthophyll, e.g., zeaxanthin; retinoids, e.g., hepaxanthin and isotretinoin; Bornane, butylated triphenylphosphorothionate (marketed by Ciba as Irgarub (registered trademark) 232), divinyl terephthalate, diphenyl terephthalate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tocopherol, hydroquinone, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, butylphenylglycidyl ether, pentylphenylglycidyl ether, hexylphenylglycidyl ether, heptylphenylglycidyl ether, octylphenylglycidyl ether, nonylphenylglycidyl ether, decylphenylglycidyl ether, glycidyl methylphenyl ether, 1,4-glycidyl phenyl diether, 4-methoxyphenylglycidyl ether, naphthyl glycidyl ether, 1,4-diglycidyl naphthyl diether, butylphenyl glycidyl Ethers, n-butyl glycidyl ether, isobutyl glycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, trifluoromethyloxirane, 1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane, and combinations thereof may be included, but are not limited thereto.

[0057] An optional non-refrigerant component used with the composition of the present invention may alternatively be a tracer. The tracer may be a single compound or two or more tracer compounds from the same or different classes of compounds. In some embodiments, the tracer is present in the composition at a total concentration of about 1 ppm (part per million) to about 5000 ppm based on the weight of the total composition. In other embodiments, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 10 ppm to about 1000 ppm. In other embodiments, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 20 ppm to about 500 ppm. In other embodiments, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm. In other embodiments, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm. Alternatively, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm.

[0058] The tracer may be selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorochlorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), chlorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, nitrous oxide, and combinations thereof. Alternatively, tracers are trifluoromethane (HFC-23), 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze, cis or trans), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye, E or Z isomer), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), methyl chloride (R-40), chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115), 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114), 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114a), 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245cb), 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb), 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane (HFC-254cb), 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoropropane (HFC-254eb), 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb), 1,1-Difluoro-2-Chloroethylene (HCFC-1122),It may be selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (CFC-1113), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoroheptane, hexafluorobutadiene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropine, iodotrifluoromethane, deuterium hydrocarbons, deuterium hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N2O), and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the tracer is a blend containing two or more hydrofluorocarbons, or a combination of one hydrofluorocarbon and one or more perfluorocarbons. In other embodiments, the tracer is a blend of at least one CFC and at least one HCFC, HFC, or PFC.

[0059] A tracer may be added to the composition in a predetermined amount to enable the detection of any dilution, contamination, or other changes in the composition of the present invention. Additionally, the tracer may enable the detection of products infringing on existing patent rights by identifying the patent holder's product against competing infringing products. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the tracer compound may enable the detection of the manufacturing process in which the product is produced.

[0060] In some embodiments, to prevent liquid refrigerant and / or lubricant from entering the compressor (140), an optional surge tank or accumulator (150) may be inserted between the evaporator (120) and the compressor (140). The surge tank (150), if present, may return any accumulated liquid to the evaporator (120).

[0061] In an alternative embodiment, the refrigeration system may be a flooded evaporator refrigeration system (200). FIG. 2 illustrates a flooded evaporator refrigeration system (200). In the example of FIG. 2, the elements of the system are the same as those previously described for a direct expansion refrigeration system (100), except that a capillary tube (125) is absent and an optional pump (225) may be present to assist in the transfer of refrigerant from the receiving tank (110) to the flooded evaporator (220). A surge tank (150), if present, may return any accumulated liquid to the receiving tank (110) and provide it back to the evaporator (220). An operable connection from the condenser (160) to the receiving tank (110) further includes an expansion valve (270).

[0062] The performance of the refrigerant composition of the present invention is presented in the following examples in comparison with R-457A, R-454C, R-404A, and other refrigerants.

[0063] Examples

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Refrigeration performance

[0066] The refrigeration performance of the composition of the present invention was compared with R-404A (a mixture of 44 wt% HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane), 52 wt% HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane), and 4 wt% HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-290 (propane), R-454C (a mixture containing 21.5 wt% HFC-32 and 78.5 wt% HFO-1234yf), R-457A (a mixture containing 18 wt% HFC-32, 70 wt% HFO-1234yf, and 12 wt% HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane)), and R-507A (a mixture containing 50 wt% HFC-125 and 50 wt% HFC-143a). Performance was determined under both low and medium temperature refrigeration conditions.

[0067] [Table 1]

[0068]

[0069] [Table 2]

[0070]

[0071] [Table 3]

[0072]

[0073] [Table 3] (Continued)

[0074]

[0075] [Table 4]

[0076]

[0077] [Table 4] (Continued)

[0078]

[0079] The results show that the compositions of the present invention exhibit lower compressor discharge temperatures than R-454C and R-457A. They also have capacity and energy efficiency (COP) similar to or higher than conventional refrigerants, particularly R-457A.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Comparative refrigeration performance

[0082] The refrigeration performance of the composition of the present invention and the comparative composition was determined and compared with R-457A. The performance was determined under both low temperature (Table 5) and medium temperature (Table 6) refrigeration conditions as described in Example 1.

[0083] Data on low-temperature refrigeration conditions:

[0084] [Table 5]

[0085]

[0086] Data on medium temperature refrigeration conditions:

[0087] [Table 6]

[0088]

[0089] Example 3

[0090] Discriminative analysis

[0091] To simulate fractionation in equipment and during storage and / or transport as a result of the use and recharging of refrigerants at multiple temperatures required by ASHRAE Standard 34, fractional analysis was performed on compositions containing 18 wt% R-32, 80 wt% R-1234yf, and 2.0 wt% propane (R-290) under multiple conditions. This data is used to determine the worst case of fractionation for flammability (WCFF), or the composition with the highest level of propane.

[0092] Data on leakage under storage / transport conditions (Tables 7, 8, and 9)

[0093] [Table 7]

[0094]

[0095] [Table 8]

[0096]

[0097] [Table 9]

[0098]

[0099] Data on leakage from equipment (Tables 10, 11, and 12)

[0100] [Table 10]

[0101]

[0102] [Table 11]

[0103]

[0104] [Table 12]

[0105]

[0106] Data on leak / recharge test (Table 13)

[0107] [Table 13]

[0108]

[0109] Example 4

[0110] Flammability rating:

[0111] Vapor leak analysis and flammability testing

[0112] The compositions of the present invention were evaluated under vapor leakage conditions as described under ASHRAE Standard 34-2019 "Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants" to determine whether requirements for ASHRAE Class 2L, lower flammability or Class 2, flammability could be met. In accordance with the standard, a nominal formulation was developed, and then representative manufacturing tolerances were assigned because the exact formulation cannot be produced in commercial practice. The manufacturing tolerances selected for this analysis are as follows: ±2 wt% R-32, ±2 wt% R-1234yf, and +0 / -0.5 wt% R-290. In this case, based on the manufacturing tolerances, the maximum combustion rate (S uA Worst Case of Formulation for Flammability (WCF) is selected, representing a formulation capable of producing... Therefore, it is expected to belong to the A2L safety group.

[0113] [Table 14]

[0114]

[0115] Therefore, the present composition can provide a lower compressor discharge temperature while maintaining an ASHRAE safety rating of A2L.

[0116] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made and equivalents may substitute for elements without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, many modifications may be made to adapt specific situations or materials to the teachings of the present invention without departing from the essential scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed as the optimal manner for carrying out the invention, and the invention is intended to include all embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.

[0117] Additional embodiments

[0118] Embodiment A1: A composition comprising a refrigerant essentially consisting of difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane.

[0119] Embodiment A2: A composition of Embodiment A1, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 15% to less than 20% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of more than 74% to 84% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane (R-290) is present in an amount of 1.0% to 10% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0120] Embodiment A3: A composition of embodiment A1 or embodiment A2, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 16% to less than 19% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of more than 76% to 84% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane (R-290) is present in an amount of 1.0% to 5.0% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0121] Embodiment A4: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A3, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 16% to 18% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 79% to 83% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 1.0% to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0122] Embodiment A5 A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A4, wherein propane is present in an amount of 2.0% to 3.0% by weight, or preferably 0.5% to 1.0% by weight, based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0123] Embodiment A6: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A5, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 17% to 18% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 80% to 82% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 1.0% to 2.0% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0124] Embodiment A7: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 18 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 80 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 2.0 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0125] Embodiment A8:A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 17 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 81 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 2.0 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0126] Embodiment A9: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 18 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 81 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 1.0 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0127] Embodiment A10: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 17 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 82 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 1.0 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0128] Embodiment A11 : A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A10, further comprising an amount of a non-refrigerant compound of 0.01 weight% to 49 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0129] Embodiment A12A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A11, wherein the non-refrigerant compound comprises a lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, alkylbenzene, polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, polyvinyl ether, polycarbonate, perfluoropolyether, silicone, silicate ester, phosphate ester, paraffin, naphthene, polyalpha-olefin, and combinations thereof.

[0130] Embodiment A13 A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A12, wherein the non-refrigerant compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of dyes (including UV dyes), solubilizers, compatibilizers, stabilizers, tracers, anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface energy reducers, metal surface inerts, free radical scavengers, foam control agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergents, viscosity modifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0131] Embodiment A14: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A13, wherein the non-refrigerant compound comprises at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of hindered phenol, thiophosphate, butylated triphenylphosphorothionate, organic phosphate or phosphite, aryl alkyl ether, terpene, terpenoid, epoxide, fluorinated epoxide, oxetane, ascorbic acid, thiol, lactone, thioether, amine, nitromethane, alkylsilane, benzophenone derivative, aryl sulfide, divinyl terephthalic acid, diphenyl terephthalic acid, ionic liquid, and mixtures thereof.

[0132] Embodiment A15: The refrigerant composition is a composition of any of embodiments A1 to A14, wherein the combustion speed is less than 10 cm / s.

[0133] Embodiment A16:A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A15, wherein the refrigerant is classified as 2L flammable by ASHRAE.

[0134] Embodiment A17: A composition of any of embodiments A1 to A16, wherein difluoromethane (R-32) is present in an amount of 17% to 18% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is present in an amount of 81% to 82% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane is present in an amount of 1.0% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition.

[0135] Embodiment B1:

[0136] hermetic compressor;

[0137] and includes a refrigerant composition;

[0138] A refrigeration system comprising a refrigerant composition of any of embodiments A1 to A17.

[0139] Embodiment B2: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a rotary compressor, a scroll compressor, or a reciprocating compressor, in a refrigeration system of embodiment B1.

[0140] Embodiment B3: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a low back pressure (LBP) or medium back pressure (MBP) hermetic compressor, in a refrigeration system of embodiment B1 or embodiment B2.

[0141] Embodiment B4: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a low back pressure (LBP) hermetic reciprocating compressor, and the refrigeration system of any of embodiments B1 to B3.

[0142] Embodiment B5: A refrigeration system of any of embodiments B1 to B4, further comprising an evaporator with an average evaporator temperature of less than -5℃.

[0143] Embodiment B6: A refrigeration system of any of embodiments B1 to B5, wherein the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-457A under the same operating conditions.

[0144] Embodiment B7: A refrigeration system of any of embodiments B1 to B5, wherein the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-454C under the same operating conditions.

[0145] Embodiment C1: A method for replacing a first refrigerant composition comprising R-404A, R-457A, R-290, or R-454C with a second refrigerant composition comprising any of embodiments A1 to A17, wherein the replacement is performed in a refrigeration system comprising a hermetic compressor.

[0146] Embodiment C2: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a rotary, scroll, or reciprocating compressor, in a refrigeration system of embodiment C1.

[0147] Embodiment C3: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a low back pressure (LBP) or medium back pressure (MBP) hermetic compressor, in a refrigeration system of embodiment C1 or embodiment C2.

[0148] Embodiment C4: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a low back pressure (LBP) hermetic reciprocating compressor, and the refrigeration system of any of embodiments C1 to C3.

[0149] Embodiment C5: A method of any of embodiments C1 to C4, wherein the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-457A.

[0150] Embodiment C6: A method of any of embodiments C1 to C4, wherein the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-454C.

[0151] Embodiment D1:As a method of operating a hermetic compressor as part of a refrigeration system,

[0152] A step of receiving a refrigerant composition comprising any of the compositions of embodiments A1 to A17 by a hermetic compressor;

[0153] The method includes the step of compressing a refrigerant composition by a hermetic compressor;

[0154] A method in which the discharge temperature of the compressor is 80.0℃ to 100.0℃.

[0155] Embodiment D2: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a rotary, scroll, or reciprocating compressor, the method of embodiment D1.

[0156] Embodiment D3: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a low back pressure (LBP) or medium back pressure (MBP) hermetic compressor, the method of embodiment D1 or embodiment D2.

[0157] Embodiment D4: The above-mentioned hermetic compressor is a low back pressure (LBP) hermetic reciprocating compressor, a method of any of embodiments D1 to D3.

[0158] Embodiment D5: A method of any of embodiments D1 to D4, wherein a hermetic compressor receives a refrigerant composition from an evaporator having an average evaporator temperature of -40°C to -5°C.

[0159] Embodiment D6: A method of any of embodiments D1 to D54, wherein a hermetic compressor receives a refrigerant composition from an evaporator having an average evaporator temperature of -40°C to -18°C.

[0160] Embodiment D7: A method of any of embodiments D1 to D6, wherein a hermetic compressor receives a refrigerant composition from an evaporator having an average evaporator temperature of -20°C to -5°C.

Claims

Claim 1 A refrigeration system comprising: a hermetic compressor; and a refrigerant composition; wherein the refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32) present in an amount of 16% to 18% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene present in an amount of 79% to 83% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane present in an amount of 1.0% to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition; wherein the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-457A under the same operating conditions. Claim 2 A refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising an amount of a non-refrigerant compound of 0.01 weight% to 49 weight% based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. Claim 3 A refrigeration system according to paragraph 2, wherein the non-refrigerant compound comprises a lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, alkylbenzene, polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, polyvinyl ether, polycarbonate, perfluoropolyether, silicone, silicate ester, phosphate ester, paraffin, naphthene, polyalpha-olefin, and combinations thereof. Claim 4 A refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising an evaporator; wherein the average evaporator temperature is less than -5℃. Claim 5 In paragraph 1, a refrigeration system in which the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-454C under the same operating conditions. Claim 6 In paragraph 1, the refrigeration system, wherein the refrigerant composition has a combustion speed of less than 10 cm / s. Claim 7 A method of replacing a first refrigerant composition comprising R-404A, R-457A, R-290, or R-454C with a second refrigerant composition comprising 79% to 83% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 16% to 18% by weight of difluoromethane, and 1.0% to 4.0% by weight of propane, wherein the replacement is performed in a refrigeration system comprising a hermetic compressor, and the compressor discharge temperature is lower than the compressor discharge temperature of R-457A under the same operating conditions. Claim 8 A method for operating a hermetic compressor as part of a refrigeration system, comprising the steps of: receiving a refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and propane by the hermetic compressor; and compressing the refrigerant composition by the hermetic compressor, wherein the discharge temperature of the compressor is 80.0°C to 100.0°C, and the discharge temperature of the compressor is lower than the discharge temperature of R-457A under the same operating conditions, and the refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32) present in an amount of 16% to 18% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene present in an amount of 79% to 83% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition, and propane present in an amount of 1.0% to 4.0% by weight based on the weight of the refrigerant composition. Claim 9 delete Claim 10 delete Claim 11 delete Claim 12 delete Claim 13 delete Claim 14 delete Claim 15 delete Claim 16 delete Claim 17 delete Claim 18 delete Claim 19 delete Claim 20 delete Claim 21 delete Claim 22 delete Claim 23 delete Claim 24 delete Claim 25 delete Claim 26 delete Claim 27 delete Claim 28 delete

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