Method and system for providing direct transaction service between energy prosumers with distributed resources in power system using blockchain

Abstract

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for providing a peer-to-peer direct trading service for energy held by a system comprising a plurality of prosumer terminals, a blockchain network, and an external server is provided, comprising: (a) a step in which an external server receives an intention to search for a trading partner from a prosumer terminal and searches for previously submitted bid data; (b) a step in which the external server operates a trading price adjustment algorithm to calculate a trading price adjusted considering system losses; and (c) a step in which the adjusted trading price and the searched bid data are transmitted to the prosumer terminal, wherein the prosumer terminal requests the search for a trading partner on the blockchain network by calling a smart contract through a dApp.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for providing a direct trading service between energy prosumers holding distributed resources in a power grid by utilizing blockchain, and more specifically, to a method and system that enables the automation of power market operations and automates the adjustment of bid prices in power trading. Background Technology

[0002] The existing power system has been structured to transmit electricity generated by large-scale nuclear, thermal, and gas power plants located outside the capital area to the metropolitan area; however, due to potential transmission losses in this process, electricity trading utilizing small-scale generation resources in distribution networks near demand centers is gaining attention.

[0003] In particular, new and renewable energy refers to energy that utilizes existing fossil fuels converted from new and renewable sources, or transforms them into renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower, and biological organisms. As interest in such new and renewable energy grows, research and development of technologies for purchasing and selling electricity that reflect real-time fluctuating power prices is actively underway.

[0004] Existing power systems have been operated by a centralized power market and grid managers overseeing large-scale generators supervised by a small number of entities. However, when this operational system is applied to a distributed resource-centered power system composed of small-scale generators that are difficult to supervise centrally and operated by many entities, managers inevitably face a significant burden in managing the power market and grid.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for market operation automation technology for electricity trading using small-scale power generation resources.

[0006] [Prior Art Literature]

[0007] [Patent Literature]

[0008] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2024-0064067 (May 13, 2024). The problem to be solved

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of the aforementioned prior art.

[0010] The objective of the present invention is to enable the automation of market operations in electricity trading using small-scale power generation resources.

[0011] The objective of the present invention is to enable the automation of market operations to be optimized by a smart contract that operates automatically when specific conditions are met, and to minimize brokerage costs resulting from manager intervention, thereby bringing greater benefits to market participants.

[0012] The objective of the present invention is to automate the transfer of information between various elements constituting a market by utilizing the event function of a smart contract.

[0013] The objective of the present invention is to minimize the adverse impact of transactions between small-scale distributed resource holders on the power system by adjusting the bid price in consideration of potential losses in the power system caused by power transactions between small-scale distributed resource holders.

[0014] The objectives of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned objectives will be clearly understood from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned purpose, a method for providing a peer-to-peer direct trading service for energy held by a system comprising a plurality of prosumer terminals, a blockchain network, and an external server is provided, comprising: (a) a step in which an external server receives an intention to search for a trading partner from a prosumer terminal and searches for previously submitted bid data; (b) a step in which the external server operates a trading price adjustment algorithm to calculate a trading price adjusted by considering system losses; and (c) a step in which the adjusted trading price and the searched bid data are transmitted to the prosumer terminal, wherein the prosumer terminal requests the search for a trading partner on the blockchain network by calling a smart contract through a dApp.

[0016] The above method may further include, prior to step (a), a step of generating a first event through a smart contract call on a blockchain network in response to a bid request from a prosumer terminal, and step (a) may include a step of generating a second event through a smart contract call by the blockchain network; and a step of the external server collecting bid data through the search for the first event.

[0017] The above step (b) may include: a step of calculating system losses by considering changes in line power, assuming a situation in which power trading for each seller's generation bus takes place; and a step of calculating an adjusted transaction price by adding the value obtained by multiplying the system loss by the system loss unit price to the value obtained by multiplying each seller's power unit price by the amount of purchased power. Effects of the invention

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in power trading using small-scale power generation resources, market operation automation becomes possible.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, market operation automation can be optimized by a smart contract that operates automatically when specific conditions are met, and intermediary costs resulting from manager intervention are minimized, thereby bringing greater benefits to market participants.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing the event function of a smart contract, the transmission of information between various elements constituting a market can be automated.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, by adjusting the bid price in consideration of potential losses in the power system caused by power trading between small-scale distributed resource holders, the adverse effect of trading between small-scale distributed resource holders on the power system can be minimized. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0022] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a trading system between energy prosumers holding distributed resources according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the process of a prosumer performing a purchase bid or a sales bid according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the process of searching for a trading partner through a platform according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the process of power trading and settlement through a platform according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method for adjusting transaction prices according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0023] The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. It should be understood that various embodiments of the invention are different but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein with respect to one embodiment may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should also be understood that the location or arrangement of individual components within each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not intended to be limiting, and the scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims, including all equivalents to those claimed therein, provided appropriately described. Similar reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions across various aspects.

[0024] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings in order to enable a person skilled in the art to easily practice the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a trading system between energy prosumers holding distributed resources according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In this specification, the term “distributed resources” refers to small-scale electricity supply or demand resources interconnected to a power grid, such as small-scale renewable energy, electric vehicles, and demand resources (DR), and means environmentally friendly small-scale power generation resources.

[0027] Referring to FIG. 1, a system according to an embodiment of the present invention is configured in the form of a platform or network and consists of a virtual layer and a physical layer.

[0028] Entities participating in this network may be prosumers (P1, P2), intermediaries (P3), blockchain-based platform developers (P4), and power grid operators (P5).

[0029] The drawing symbols of each entity are denoted as P1 to P5, and in FIG. 1, each entity may be a terminal operated by the respective entities. That is, although the entities are indicated in FIG. 1, the entities are replaced by terminals operated by each entity to form a system.

[0030] In the following description, for the convenience of explanation, the prosumer terminal (P1, P2), the intermediary multi-terminal (P3), the blockchain-based platform developer terminal (P4), and the power grid operator terminal (P5) will be replaced with the prosumer (P1, P2), the intermediary (P3), the blockchain-based platform developer (P4), and the power grid operator (P5), respectively.

[0031] Here, the terminal may be implemented in any form as long as it is a device equipped with computing capabilities and capable of communicating with the outside. For example, it may be implemented as a smartphone, tablet PC, desktop, laptop, PDA, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0032] The first prosumer (P1) possesses distributed resources and can supply and trade the corresponding power through the power grid. The second prosumer (P2) functions as a node constituting the blockchain network. The first prosumer (P1) and the second prosumer (P2) may substitute for each other's functions or perform both functions together.

[0033] The intermediary (P3) develops and installs smart meters to enable prosumers (P1, P20) to trade electricity on a peer-to-peer electricity trading platform based on blockchain. Additionally, it develops and operates a decentralized application (DApp). The smart meter is a device that measures the volume of electricity traded when prosumers (P1, P2) trade using distributed resources they possess, and the DApp is an app service that utilizes the blockchain network and supports smart contract calls to enable prosumers (P1, P2) to trade electricity more easily.

[0034] A blockchain-based platform developer (P4) operates and develops services (wallets, smart contracts, node PC software, oracle services) necessary for the operation and maintenance of the blockchain network.

[0035] A crypto wallet is an environment where prosumers (P1, P2) can hold virtual assets for electricity trading through the platform.

[0036] A smart contract is a function related to bidding, transaction matching, and settlement that prosumers (P1, P2) can call for power trading via the blockchain.

[0037] Node PC software is software that enables computers capable of internet communication to become nodes that form a blockchain and create blocks.

[0038] Oracle services mediate data from external servers into the blockchain, performing computations that are difficult to execute within the blockchain network.

[0039] The power grid operator (P5) possesses the existing power grid and performs physical maintenance and management roles. Here, the power grid refers to a physical circuit where power transactions take place.

[0040] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the process of a prosumer performing a purchase bid or a sales bid according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Referring to FIG. 2, when a prosumer submits their bid to the dApp (S201), the dApp calls a smart contract that has already been uploaded to the blockchain network on behalf of the prosumer (S202).

[0042] In order to verify whether the prosumer has conducted a bid, a duplicate search request is made on the blockchain network, and a search for duplicates is performed within the blockchain network. The dApp receives confirmation regarding duplicates and, based on this, calls the smart contract to proceed with the purchase or sale bid (S203).

[0043] Through the smart contract, the prosumer's bid transmitted via the dApp is recorded as a transaction within the blockchain (S204). During the smart contract call process, Event A occurs, which is intended to facilitate the easy search for the bid during the counterparty search, a function of the platform to be described later.

[0044] Here, an event is a unique attribute included in the smart contract that provides a function to index the output resulting from a smart contract call, allowing the results of the smart contract call to be easily explored. The dApp receives a return from the blockchain network regarding whether the bid was properly recorded (S205) and returns it to the prosumer (S206).

[0045] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the process of searching for a trading partner through a platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Prosumers do not have to conduct purchase or sale bids; instead, they can browse bids already submitted to the platform through counterparty search and find one that suits them.

[0047] During this process, the platform adjusts the bid price to manage system losses.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 3, first, when a prosumer submits an intention to search for a trading partner to the dApp (S301), the dApp calls a smart contract to search for a trading partner already uploaded to the blockchain network on behalf of the prosumer (S302). The trading partner search request smart contract generates Event B (S303), the Oracle Service detects Event B (S304), and based on this, calls an API (S305) to start an external server that searches for bid data submitted so far through Event A described in FIG. 2.

[0049] The external server searches for and collects bid data submitted so far through Event A (S306), and further activates a transaction price adjustment algorithm (S307).

[0050] The transaction price adjustment algorithm aims to pre-adjust prices by taking into account the system losses that a prosumer's choice will cause to the power grid during the process of receiving bid data submitted to the blockchain network. This will be discussed further below.

[0051] When the algorithm finishes running, the external server calls the API (S308), causing the oracle service to record the reconciled ledger (a collection of bidding data) on the blockchain network through a call to the smart contract (S309) and return it to the dApp (S310). The dApp returns this to the prosumer (S311). The prosumer checks the reconciled ledger and selects a trading partner.

[0052] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the process of power trading and settlement through a platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] A prosumer who has formed a trading intent after searching for a counterparty can transmit this intent to the counterparty using a smart contract already deployed within the platform. Upon receiving this, the counterparty can confirm the transaction by transmitting their approval to the requester.

[0054] In the following description, DApp 1 and DApp 2 are app services that provide services to Prosumer 1 and Prosumer 2, respectively, and provide smart contract calls.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 4, when the first prosumer submits a transaction intention to proceed with a transaction to the dApp (S401), dApp 1 calls the transaction request smart contract that has already been uploaded to the blockchain network on behalf of Prosumer 1 (S402). The transaction request smart contract generates Event C (S403), which is caught by dApp 2 used by Prosumer 2, whom Prosumer 1 has chosen as the transaction counterparty (S404).

[0056] Based on this, DApp 2 transmits Prosumer 1's transaction intent to Prosumer 2 (S405). Prosumer 2 submits a transaction approval status to DApp 2 (S406), and DApp 2, acting on behalf of Prosumer 2, calls the transaction approval smart contract already uploaded to the blockchain network (S407). The transaction approval smart contract generates Event D (S408), which is caught by DApp 1 used by Prosumer 1, the original submitter of the transaction intent (S409). Based on this, DApp 1 transmits to Prosumer 1 that Prosumer 2 has approved the transaction (S410). Based on this, Prosumer 1 and Prosumer 2 proceed with transaction settlement within the blockchain network based on smart meter metering data (S411).

[0057] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method for adjusting transaction prices according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in a blockchain-based peer-to-peer power trading platform, the price of a trading counterparty shown to a prosumer during the trading counterparty search process described with reference to FIG. 3 is adjusted.

[0059] Referring to Fig. 5, the transaction price adjustment is performed through the following process.

[0060] ① Initial sales bid

[0061] Assume a situation where sellers located on buses 1, 2, and 3 bid for 10 MWh of power at $95 / MWh, $100 / MWh, and $105 / MWh, respectively, based on the generator, and a buyer located on bus 4 is looking for a trading partner through the platform to purchase 10 MWh of power. In this case, the unit price of losses incurred in the grid is set at $200 / MWh.

[0062] ② System Loss Calculation

[0063] In this case, the platform's external server (see FIG. 3) calculates the loss incurred in the system due to each transaction by assuming a situation where a seller on each of buses 1, 2, and 3 and a buyer on bus 4 make a transaction. This calculation method will be described later.

[0064] ③ Calculation of sales price considering losses

[0065] Then, reflecting the losses calculated in this way, the platform calculates the price that a buyer on Bus 4 must pay when selecting bids from sellers located on Buses 1, 2, and 3. This is based on the polluter pays principle, which states that for a buyer to trade electricity, they must bear the various costs resulting from losses incurred through the electricity transaction. The method of calculating the price will be described later.

[0066] ④ Adjusted sales bid

[0067] After the external server on the platform completes the calculation of the price to be paid by the buyer, it provides an adjusted ledger to the buyer located on bus 4, reflecting this (steps S308 to S311 of FIG. 3). According to the initial ledger based on the initial sales bid (①), the buyer located on bus 4 will purchase power from the seller on bus 1, but according to the new ledger based on the adjusted sales bid (④), the buyer located on bus 4 will purchase power from the seller on bus 2, which causes less loss to the system.

[0068] Below, we will explain the price adjustment method considering system losses described in ② and ③ above.

[0069] Let the total number of buses in the power grid be . Then, for all buses belonging to the set {1, 2, …}, the active power P i and reactive power Q i is defined as follows.

[0070] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0071]

[0072] [Mathematical Formula 2]

[0073]

[0074] V in mathematical equations 1 and 2 i and θ i and represent the voltage and phase angle of any bus i, respectively, and G ij and B ij represents the conductance and susceptance of the track between bus i and bus j.

[0075] At this time, the bus with i = 1 in the network is a slack bus that adjusts the output to balance the power of the system and acts as a reference for voltage magnitude and phase throughout the network.

[0076] Assuming a network consisting of n buses is in state S0, the active power and reactive power of each bus i in state S0 are Pi,S0 , Q i,S0 When, the solution to the equations according to mathematical expressions 1 and 2 If so, the above mathematical formulas 1 and 2 are expressed as the following mathematical formulas 3 and 4.

[0077] Here, And, am.

[0078] [Mathematical Formula 3]

[0079]

[0080] [Mathematical Formula 4]

[0081]

[0082] First, the system loss explained in ② is calculated as follows.

[0083] Assume a situation in a network in state S0 where power trading takes place between generator bus k and load bus l. This involves ΔP on the line between them. k-l It causes a change in power. As a result, the overall power flow state of the network changes from S0 to S1.

[0084] New solutions for equations 1 and 2 in S1

[0085] , , It can be derived by solving the following equations 5 to 8.

[0086] For any generation bus i belonging to the set {1,2,… , n}, solve the following.

[0087] [Mathematical Formula 5]

[0088]

[0089] [Mathematical Formula 6]

[0090]

[0091] For any load bus j belonging to the set {1,2,… , n}, solve the following.

[0092] [Mathematical Formula 7]

[0093]

[0094] [Mathematical Formula 8]

[0095]

[0096] Here, P i,S_1, Q i,S_1 and V i,S_1 Each represents the active power, reactive power, and voltage of bus i in state S1. ΔQ k-l represents the change in reactive power at load bus l, which is the change in active power ΔP k-l It is a value dependent on the power factor. Even if the network state changes from S0 to S1, the slack bus still acts as a reference for voltage magnitude and phase throughout the network.

[0097] At this time, the total change in network loss ΔP caused by the transaction between the generator bus k and the load bus l loss,k-l That is, the system loss calculation (calculation of power loss amount) performed in the process of ② can be derived as follows by calculating the change in power injected through the slack bus.

[0098] [Mathematical Formula 9]

[0099]

[0100] Next, we will explain how to calculate the total cost that a buyer must bear when selecting a specific seller, as described in ③ above.

[0101] Loss management cost ΔC loss,k-l is the cost function C of the Slack bus slack It can be expressed as the following mathematical formula using (P).

[0102] [Mathematical Formula 10]

[0103]

[0104] The system loss management cost is the system loss unit price ρ LIf linearization is possible, Equation 10 can be expressed as Equation 11 below.

[0105] [Mathematical Formula 11]

[0106]

[0107] Based on the principle of the causer pays, which dictates that the trader must bear the cost of system loss, the total cost that the trader must bear can be expressed as shown in the following mathematical formula 12.

[0108] [Mathematical Formula 12]

[0109]

[0110] At this time P trading,l is the bid quantity, ρ trading,l This is the initial bid unit price.

[0111] According to one embodiment, in power trading using small-scale power generation resources, market operation automation becomes possible.

[0112] According to one embodiment, market operation automation can be optimized by a smart contract that operates automatically when specific conditions are met, and intermediary costs resulting from manager intervention are minimized, thereby bringing greater benefits to market participants.

[0113] According to one embodiment, by utilizing the event function of a smart contract, the transmission of information between various elements constituting a market can be automated.

[0114] According to one embodiment, by adjusting the bid price to account for potential losses in the power system caused by power trading between small-scale distributed resource holders, the adverse effect of trading between small-scale distributed resource holders on the power system can be minimized.

[0115] The foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only, and those skilled in the art will understand that other specific forms can be easily modified without altering the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single unit may be implemented in a distributed manner, and components described as distributed may likewise be implemented in a combined form.

[0116] The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims set forth below, and all modifications or variations derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and equivalent concepts thereof should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Claim 1 A method for a system comprising a plurality of prosumer terminals, a blockchain network, and an external server to provide a peer-to-peer direct trading service for energy held by the system, comprising: (a) a step in which an external server, upon receiving an intention to search for a trading partner from a prosumer terminal, searches for previously submitted bid data; (b) a step in which the external server activates a trading price adjustment algorithm to calculate a trading price adjusted considering system losses; and (c) a step in which the adjusted trading price and the searched bid data are transmitted to the prosumer terminal, wherein the prosumer terminal requests the search for a trading partner on the blockchain network by calling a smart contract through a dApp, and wherein, in step (b), when the total number of buses in the power grid is n, the active power P at all buses i belonging to the set {1, 2, …} i and reactive power Q i Step of defining as Equation 1 and Equation 2, respectively; [Equation 1] [Mathematical Formula 2] Assume that a network consisting of n buses is in state S0, and that the active power and reactive power of each bus i in state S0 are P i,S0 , Q i,S0 When, the solution to the equations according to mathematical expressions 1 and 2 Thus, the above mathematical formulas 1 and 2 are expressed as the following mathematical formulas 3 and 4, wherein, And, Step defined as; [Mathematical Formula 3] [Mathematical Formula 4] To calculate system losses, we assume a situation where power trading occurs between generator bus k and load bus l in a network in state S0, and ΔP on the line between them k-l Assuming that a power change occurs and that the overall power flow state of the network changes from S0 to S1, the new solution for Equations 3 and 4 in state S1 , , A step of deriving an equation expressed by the following mathematical formulas 5 to 8; [Mathematical Formula 5] [Mathematical Formula 6] [Mathematical Formula 7] [Mathematical Formula 8] Total change ΔP in network loss caused by the transaction between generator bus k and load bus l loss,k-l Step of deriving through the following mathematical formula 9; [Mathematical Formula 9] Calculate the total costs to be borne by the buyer when selecting a specific seller, but the loss management cost ΔC loss,k-l The cost function C of the Slack bus slack Step of calculating using Equation 10 with (P); [Equation 10] The system loss management cost is the system loss unit price ρ L Step of linearizing to express Equation 10 as Equation 11; [Equation 11] Based on the causer pays principle, which dictates that the trader must bear the cost of system loss, the method includes the step of calculating the total cost to be borne by the trader using the following mathematical formula 12, [Mathematical Formula 12] V in mathematical equations 1 and 2 i and θ i and represent the voltage and phase angle of an arbitrary bus, respectively, and G ij and B ij represents the conductance and susceptance of the line between bus and bus j, and the bus where i = 1 in the network is a slack bus that adjusts the output to balance the power of the system and acts as a reference for voltage magnitude and phase throughout the network, and for any generator bus i belonging to the set {1, 2, …}, solve the above Equation 5, and for any load bus j belonging to the set {1, 2, …}, solve the above Equation 6, and in Equations 7 and 8, P i,S_1, Q i,S_1 and V i,S_1 Each represents the active power, reactive power, and voltage of the bus in state S1, and ΔQ k-l ε is the change in reactive power at the load bus, and ΔP is the change in active power. k-l It is a value dependent on the power factor, and even if the network state changes from S0 to S1, the slack bus acts as a reference for voltage magnitude and phase throughout the network, and in Equation 12, P trading,l is the bid quantity, ρ trading,l Method of providing a direct peer-to-peer trading service for held energy, with an initial bid unit price. Claim 2 A method for providing a peer-to-peer direct trading service for held energy, wherein, prior to step (a), a first event occurs through a smart contract call on a blockchain network in response to a bid request from a prosumer terminal, and step (a) includes a step in which the blockchain network generates a second event through a smart contract call; and a step in which the external server collects bid data through the search for the first event. Claim 3 delete

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