Hybrid MPPT Optimizer that controls buck-boost connection between power generation facility and battery terminals

Abstract

The present invention is a solar cell module optimizing (PV optimizing) technology that controls at ultra-high speed so that effective maximum power is obtained at any voltage position between the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc). Furthermore, the present invention enhances the safety of an ESS (Energy Storage System) that charges using solar cells by blocking surge pulses that occur during battery overcharging, and further maximizes the safety and efficiency of charging and discharging the ESS through techniques such as separating from the load side and expanding charging to the maximum capacity of the ESS. The present invention for such purposes, as an embodiment thereof, The system includes a configuration that improves system safety and efficiency by controlling at ultra-high speed by linking a solar cell module that generates power from solar energy having maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) characteristics; a load unit or battery system that uses output power from said module; a power pump unit connected between said module and said load unit that regulates the output voltage; an active current detection unit that detects the active current supplied to said battery system or the active current supplied to said load unit connected to said battery system; a pulse detection unit that detects pulse noise generated in said charging path; and a current surge control unit that causes the module current to surge within a range where the active current detected by said active current detection unit is amplified in said open-circuit voltage (Voc) state. According to the present invention, since the difference between the maximum power point voltage and the open-circuit voltage in a photovoltaic module is eliminated, maximum power can be supplied to the load regardless of the voltage position set from the maximum power point to the open-circuit voltage point. According to the present invention, the cause of pulse voltage generation during ESS overcharging is blocked, and the intervention of the power pump unit is determined and controlled. With the current surge control of the present invention, the response speed of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technology, which previously took several minutes, is significantly reduced to within a few seconds, thereby achieving the effect of real-time control. In addition, by extending the battery charge / discharge cycle range from full charge to discharge termination voltage, surge pulses generated in the charging system of renewable energy generation facilities are eliminated, thereby preventing fires.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention is an optimizing technology for solar cells that controls a photovoltaic module using IoT technology so that the effective maximum power is always obtained at any voltage position between the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc). Specifically, it includes a charging / discharging technology for renewable energy that integrates IoT and battery technology to ensure battery safety, expand capacity, and extend the lifespan. The present invention can be utilized, in particular, for improving the charging and discharging efficiency of renewable energy, including intermittency. Background Technology

[0002] In photovoltaic (solar cell) power generation, the generated voltage and current change depending on the angle of solar irradiance, weather, and temperature (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3). In a photovoltaic power generation system, if solar cell modules (hereinafter referred to as 'modules') are installed at different angles and directions, the amount of solar irradiance applied to each module varies depending on the time and season, and accordingly, the output voltage and current of the modules also differ even at the same point in time. Since the generated power of the modules can change unpredictably due to bird droppings, fallen leaves, clouds, and surrounding moving obstacles, it is crucial for maximum power point tracking technology to have a fast response speed.

[0003] In a photovoltaic power generation system, modules are designed to have a voltage at least 50% to 60% higher than the battery voltage. This is because a margin of about 20% is taken into account for changes in the battery's charging voltage (see Figs. 4 and 5), about 20% for the solar lifespan, and about 20% for temperature change characteristics. If this design is not met, a shortage of module voltage will occur during the summer or when attempting to fully charge the battery.

[0004] Photovoltaic (solar cell) modules have unique IV (current-voltage) and PV (power-voltage) curve characteristics (see Figs. 3 and 13). According to this, the solar cell module has a minimum voltage (Vsc) of 0V at the maximum current point (Isc), where the current is at its maximum, and conversely, a maximum voltage (Voc) is output at the point where the current becomes 0A. Here, the maximum power point (Pmax) generally appears as a peak-shaped peak where the power height is sharp at a point where the voltage is approximately 75% of the solar cell module's maximum voltage (Voc), and the module voltage corresponding to the apex of that peak is defined as the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) (Fig. 13).

[0005] In short, the 85% voltage difference, which is the sum of the 60% margin mentioned above and the 25% difference between Voc and Vmpp, generates a pulse voltage when the ESS is fully charged from solar power. In some cases, this pulse voltage triggers a fire in lithium-ion ESS.

[0007] Solar chargers, whether using the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) or Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method, fundamentally employ variable pulse width technology. The variable pulse width depends on the charging and discharging conditions of the battery. Specifically, during charging, the pulse width narrows as the difference between the solar module voltage and the voltage required for charging (charging voltage) increases. As the pulse width narrows, the back electromotive force increases, which generates a large pulse voltage shock in the form of a surge. Furthermore, the pulse width narrows progressively as the charging current decreases, and this reduction in pulse width is most pronounced when charging is complete (see Figures 4 and 5).

[0008] Pulse width also varies depending on solar irradiance. For example, even if the charging current is constant, if the amount of solar power generated is greater than the required charging current, the pulse width becomes narrower and the surge pulse voltage becomes relatively higher, similar to the fully charged state mentioned earlier. Such a narrow pulse width and high pulse voltage can become a serious surge-type noise that can cause battery explosions in severe cases. The recommendation by relevant authorities to use Energy Saving Systems (ESS) at around 80% of their maximum charge to prevent explosions is a desperate measure to minimize the factors causing these pulses.

[0009] These phenomena observed in solar cells appear in the same and similar manner in wind power generation when the rotor's rotational force fluctuates or the power consumption at the load side varies.

[0011] The above surge pulse is a signal generated in a no-load state after the battery has finished charging. If a virtual load control technique is applied by connecting an equivalent load (Dummy Load) to the load terminal when the surge pulse occurs, the load terminal is always connected to the battery, thereby eliminating the cause of the surge pulse. This enhances safety against battery explosions, overheating, fires, etc. The present invention incorporates this concept.

[0013] Typically, renewable energy battery systems connect the load terminal when the terminal voltage has risen to the discharge initiation voltage. This is because if the load terminal is connected before reaching the discharge initiation voltage, current from the solar cell module (e.g., solar power) is supplied only to the load terminal, and no voltage drop is formed to supply the battery.

[0014] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, it can be seen that the battery terminals have flat voltage characteristics from the point when the battery charge reaches approximately 50% until it reaches 100%. In other words, it can be seen that technologies determining the discharge initiation voltage based on the battery terminal voltage inevitably start discharging around the battery charge level of approximately 50%.

[0015] In this case, the battery is charged only with the 'surplus power generated' that remains during brief periods of no-load, but it is virtually impossible to charge the battery to its maximum capacity using this surplus power. Consequently, batteries for renewable energy are always operated with insufficient charging power—that is, in a 'hungry' state. Insufficient charging power is also closely related to a shortened battery life.

[0016] To resolve such problems, the present invention discloses a configuration in which the battery is isolated from the load until it is fully charged, and a commercial power source is connected as a supplement when discharge is required during that period. In addition, the present invention discloses a technology that may include an alternating switching structure in which the battery is composed of two or more sets, wherein the first set maintains the charge, and the second to nth sets discharge the battery to the load.

[0018] In the graph of Figure 5, it can be seen that the battery charging current decreases when the charging complete state (FLOAT) is reached. As explained earlier, this decrease in charging current is accompanied by a harmful surge voltage at the front end of the charging controller.

[0019] Although this surge voltage is a harmful signal, it can be utilized as a beneficial signal if reversed. In this invention, the pulse generated upon completion of charging is defined as a "fluid pulse" to encompass this reverse idea. Accordingly, the definition of a fluid pulse may include a sharp pulse in the form of a surge, or it may include a signal in the form of a smooth DC voltage fluctuation where the module voltage rises to the open-circuit voltage range (in the case of an MPPT charger).

[0020] In short, a fluidity pulse can be understood as the same concept as detecting a decrease in the battery supply current of the charger system that occurs when the battery is fully charged. Therefore, when detecting a fluidity pulse, the technology may include directly detecting the phenomenon (i.e., a current reduction signal) where the charging current flowing into the battery decreases below a certain range when the battery voltage is above a certain range.

[0021] When such fluid pulses are detected, the load is turned on, and when the load is turned off at the battery discharge termination voltage, the battery can perform deep cycle charging and discharging from full charge to discharge termination voltage, thereby increasing the effective efficiency of the battery and managing its lifespan to the maximum.

[0022] In the terminology of the present invention, full charge detection includes a configuration for detecting such fluid pulses.

[0024] The inventor has invented a power pump disclosed below in the prior art literature. This power pump is a technology that pumps the module voltage to supply normal power to the load when the module voltage is low. Therefore, if this is extended, the aforementioned 50% to 60% of module voltage redundancy becomes unnecessary.

[0025] The present invention further discloses a configuration that eliminates the voltage difference between Voc and Vmpp by controlling the power pump using an ultra-high-speed runaway control method.

[0026] This allows the power pump to be operated more efficiently while simultaneously enhancing safety against surge-inducing pulses, thereby expanding the charging capacity of the ESS.

[0027] In addition, the present invention includes a configuration that determines whether the intervention of a power pump is advantageous or disadvantageous when the module voltage is high, and controls the operation to either operate in a conventional configuration without a power pump or to operate with the intervention of a power pump. Prior art literature

[0028] (1) JP 2013-526943(2012.08.01.)(2) US 14 / 734971(2015.06.09.)(3) KR 1020200089557 (2020.07.20.)(4) KR 1020190019077 (2019.02.19.)(5) KR 1020190094849 (2019.08.05.)(6) KR 1020200039764 (2020.04.01.)(7) KR 1020190094844 (2019.08.05.)(8) KR 1020150008277 (2015.01.16.)(9) KR 1020180001666 (2018.01.05.)(10) KR 1020170153635 (2017.11.17.)(11) KR 1020180154303 (2018.12.04.)(12) KR 1020190170458 (2019.12.19.(13) KR 1020200038300 (2020.03.30.)(14) KR 1020210003544 (2021.01.11.)(15) KR 10-2021-0172644(2021.12.06.)(16) KR 10-2021-0176358(2021.12.10.)(17) KR 10-2022-0013866(2022.02.02.)(18) KR 10-2022-0017217(2022.02.09.)(19) KR 10-2022-0041425(2022.04.03.)(20) KR 10-2022-0015146(2022.02.05.) The problem to be solved

[0029] The first objective of the present invention is to disclose a solar module optimizer configuration that is controlled at ultra-high speed so that maximum power is supplied at any voltage position within the range from maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) to open circuit voltage (Voc).

[0030] The second objective of the present invention is to disclose a technical configuration that enhances safety from ESS explosions by blocking the factors causing pulse voltage that occurs when the ESS is fully charged.

[0031] The third objective of the present invention is to additionally disclose a technical configuration that reinforces the power pump technology for boosting the module voltage and intervenes to control the power pump only when absolutely necessary.

[0032] The fourth objective of the present invention is to disclose a configuration that matches the time of full charge and the time of discharge start of the battery while suppressing harmful surges by detecting a signal in a fully charged state of the battery including the surge pulse and controlling the discharge start of the ESS.

[0033] The sixth objective of the present invention is to prevent fires in renewable energy ESS by eliminating the cause of surge pulse generation.

[0034] The seventh objective of the present invention is to disclose a deep-cycling configuration that charges and discharges at maximum power at all times while ensuring safety in charging the battery. means of solving the problem

[0035] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a charging optimizer for new and renewable energy according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a power generation facility; a battery system that stores power from the power generation facility; and an MPPT charger connected between the power generation facility and the battery system and regulating the charging voltage of the battery system. Here, when the voltage of the power generation facility is greater than the voltage supplied to the battery system, the MPPT charger controls the output power such that the current supplied from the MPPT charger to the battery system becomes greater than the current input from the power generation facility to the MPPT charger.

[0036] A charging optimizer for new and renewable energy according to another embodiment of the present invention comprises: a power generation facility; a battery system that stores power from the power generation facility; an MPPT charger connected between the power generation facility and the battery system and regulating the charging voltage of the battery system; and a feedback switch unit that switches the contact points so that the negative terminal of the power generation facility is connected to the positive terminal or the negative terminal of the battery system. Here, the feedback switch unit connects the power generation facility and the battery system in series when the voltage of the power generation facility is lower than the charging demand voltage of the battery system. Effects of the invention

[0037] According to the present invention, a photovoltaic module can produce a current equivalent to the maximum power point without any difference between the maximum power point voltage and the open-circuit voltage. In other words, maximum power can be supplied to the load regardless of the voltage position set from the maximum power point to the open-circuit voltage point. (Conventionally, at the open-circuit voltage point, there was only voltage and no current, similar to the properties of static electricity; however, by applying the optimizer of the present invention, a current equivalent to the maximum power point is obtained even at the open-circuit voltage point.)

[0038] According to the present invention, safety against ESS explosion is enhanced by blocking the factors causing pulse voltage generation during ESS overcharging, and accordingly, the ESS charging function, which was previously limited to 80% of its charging capacity, can be expanded to 90-100%. As a result, the effect of expanding the ESS charging capacity is obtained.

[0039] According to the present invention, the intervention of the power pump unit is controlled automatically or remotely in accordance with the requirements of the load voltage.

[0040] According to the current surge function of the present invention, there is no distinction between the maximum power point voltage and the open-circuit voltage at the module level. This function has the effect of making the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) response speed, which previously took several minutes, ultra-high speed in seconds (for example, ultra-high speed tracking becomes possible within about 1 second).

[0041] According to the present invention, by suppressing harmful surge pulses and aligning the full charge time and the discharge start time of the battery, the cause of surge pulse generation is eliminated or reduced, thereby eliminating the cause of fire in the ESS for new and renewable energy and having the effect of charging and discharging the battery from full charge to discharge termination voltage. That is, the present invention has the effect of ensuring battery safety or expanding charging capacity for all new and renewable energy generation facilities, including not only solar power but also wind power.

[0042] According to the present invention, in particular in a battery charging system utilizing solar power, the battery can be fully charged to the maximum or desired capacity in any case.

[0043] According to the present invention, the battery voltage can be fed back to supplement the voltage deficiency of the solar module, thereby enabling regeneration through a power generation function when a constant amount of light is secured, not only during sunrise and sunset but also at night. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0045] Figures 1 and 2 are curves showing the change in voltage and current according to the change in solar energy. Figures 3a and 3b are IV curves of a photovoltaic module. Figures 4 and 5 are graphs showing how terminal voltage and charging current change over time in typical liquid and lithium-ion batteries. In Figures 4 and 5, Rn represents the current change in the fully charged state, which is a factor causing surge pulses, and the range of surge pulse generation resulting therefrom. FIG. 6 is a diagram explaining the charging principle by natural gravity, in which a charging path is established to an ESS (battery) under normal solar energy. FIG. 7 is a diagram explaining the principle of voltage drop deficiency when charging is not possible due to weakening of solar energy, rise in temperature, or rise in ESS terminal voltage. FIG. 8 is a drawing explaining the principle of supplying supplementary power to supplement the uncharged state of FIG. 5 in the prior art, FIG. 9 is a drawing explaining the appearance of the supplementary power supply being strengthened, and FIG. 10 is a drawing explaining the principle of following as the states of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 change continuously. FIGS. 11 and 12 are block diagrams introducing the technical details of prior art invented for the operation of FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 through drawing excerpts. FIG. 13 is a graph showing how the maximum power point voltage (Vmp) shifts left and right on the IV curve and PV curve of a module due to changes in solar irradiance or contamination. FIGS. 14 and FIGS. 15 are block diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a graph explaining the principle of controlling the power pump section of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, including duty cycle control. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an algorithm for an embodiment of the present invention that controls the power pump section of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 with a current runaway. FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention that determines and controls whether a power pump unit intervenes while resolving surge pulses. FIG. 19 is an algorithm flowchart illustrating the principle of the block diagram of FIG. 18, which improves the efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation system by controlling whether the power pump unit intervenes while enhancing the safety of the ESS through surge pulse suppression. FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a multifunctional configuration of the present invention that resolves surge pulses, extends the charging range of the battery, secures a bypass power path to replace the discharge path during the full charging period, and also resolves the idling power consumption of the inverter by detecting whether power is consumed at the load end. FIGS. 21 to 24 are block diagrams that explain in more detail some of the components of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 20. FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 20 as a software algorithm. FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention that can expand and charge a battery to its maximum capacity while splitting and separating it from the load using only new and renewable energy. FIG. 27 is a block diagram conceptually encompassing and explaining an embodiment of FIG. 26. FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 in software. FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 30 is a drawing showing enlarged views of Photograph 1 and Photograph 2 of FIG. 16. FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment in which a charging controller (3+), a power pump unit (30), and an Exchange Switch, etc., can be integrated within a single charger (3a). FIG. 32 is a block diagram summarizing the core configuration of the charger applied to FIG. 31. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0046] The present invention may have various embodiments in addition to those described below, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments; therefore, the configurations disclosed below should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. While similar reference numerals have been used for similar components in the description of each drawing, terms such as "first," "second," "first," "second," etc., are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another, and should not be understood as limiting these components by attaching terms such as "first," "second," "first," "second," etc. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be named the second component, and likewise, the second component may be named the first component. The same applies to the cases of "first" and "second," as well as the terms "first" and "next."

[0047] In accordance with these principles, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The objectives and features of the present invention will become clearer through the following detailed description.

[0049] Figures 6 and 7 geometrically illustrate the principle that charging is possible only when the module voltage is higher than the battery voltage.

[0050] Figures 8 and 9 show that even when the module voltage is low, charging occurs if sufficient supplementary power is supplied to compensate for the low voltage.

[0051] (In this invention, supplementary power refers to increasing the module voltage to supplement the voltage so that power is ejected from the module as a result; therefore, in the use of terms, supplementary power and supplementary voltage, and output power and output voltage are to be used interchangeably without distinction except in special cases.)

[0052] FIG. 10 illustrates that if the module voltage changes due to fluctuations in solar radiation (a term encompassing solar radiation, pollution, direction, angle deviation, etc.; hereinafter the same), and supplementary power is adjusted and supplied accordingly, the battery charge can be maintained at all times. In FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, the module produces power in the amount shown, but adjusts the supplementary voltage according to the needs of the load. Alternatively, even if the load voltage is constant but the module voltage becomes insufficient, the supplementary voltage covers the difference. That is, the module power (voltage) and supplementary power (voltage) are combined and supplied to the load (4).

[0054] FIG. 11 is an excerpt illustrating the principle of supplying supplementary power and how it is combined with a module in the prior art. (The prior art was invented by the inventor of the present invention, and if there is any insufficient explanation in the specification of the present invention, please consider the above prior art as a glossary of terms.) FIG. 11 is an excerpt illustrating an example of supplying such supplementary power by connecting a power supplement unit (13) in series to the negative (-) path of the module (1). The configuration connected to the negative electrode may be replaced and connected to the positive electrode by changing the polarity.

[0056] FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the principle of a step-down converter. Energy stored in a coil (inductor; 13-2-2) and a capacitor (13-2-1) is used as a PWM pulse width signal to output a voltage lower than the input voltage (therefore, the output current can be increased in correspondence with the difference between the input and output voltages). As the switching element (13-2-4) is controlled by the pulse width (PWM), the voltage output to (13-1) is regulated. (14-1) includes microcomputer control. Although the switching element (13-2-4) is shown as a Darlington coupled TR, it can also be a single element such as a thyristor, TR, FET, or IGBT.

[0058] Figure 13 shows the IV and PV curves of the module. In a module array where multiple modules are organized in parallel, if the STC (Standard Temperature Condition) characteristics, NMOT (Norminal Module Operation Temperature), or NOCT (Norminal Operation Cell Temperature) characteristics of all modules are identical, and the conditions for receiving solar radiation (light reception conditions), such as the solar radiation at that time and the orientation, angle, and contamination of the modules, are identical, then the maximum power points will be aligned on any one of the vertical lines from P1 to Pn.

[0059] However, even if the STC or NMOT (NOCT) characteristics are identical, if the product performance, solar irradiance, or light reception conditions differ for each parallel array, each module array will appear at a different maximum power point. Figure 13 illustrates the case where P1, P2, Pn, etc. appear differently on the vertical line at any given time in this case. Although this is explained using multiple modules, it also implies that P1, P2, Pn, etc. will deviate from the vertical line when the solar irradiance varies significantly within a single module.

[0060] In any case, referring to Fig. 13, it can be seen that the active power becomes zero at the point where the current is maximum and the voltage is 0V (Vsc) and at the point where the current is 0A and the voltage is maximum (Voc).

[0061] Among them, the short-circuit voltage (Vsc) point is 0V, so naturally it cannot be used as a load voltage; however, at the open-circuit voltage (Voc) point, the voltage reaches a maximum value, for example, 30Voc in a 24Vmpp module, so it may be mistakenly assumed that it can be used as a load voltage. However, as indicated by the graph in Fig. 13 in a solar module, the Voc point is the location where the current becomes 0A, so effective current cannot flow to the load terminal. It can be likened to static electricity with no current.

[0062] Maximum power is supplied to the load only when it matches the Vmpp voltage, and no effective current can be obtained on the cliff slope from the Pmax point to Voc otherwise.

[0063] If it is possible to allow a current equivalent to the maximum power point to flow even on a cliff slope, the PV curve will not be a steep curve descending from the mountaintop, but rather will unfold horizontally from the height of the mountaintop. In other words, it becomes possible to supply maximum power almost flatly from the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) of the solar cell module to the open-circuit voltage (Voc).

[0064] The present invention achieves this by controlling a power pump unit that supplies supplementary power using an advanced current surge method.

[0066] FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. The main components are

[0067] A solar cell module (1) that generates power from solar energy, having an open-circuit voltage (Voc) characteristic in which the current of the solar cell module becomes zero due to the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and IV curve characteristics;

[0068] A load section (4) that uses output power from the module (1);

[0069] A power pump unit (30) connected between the module (1) and the load unit (4) to regulate the output voltage;

[0070] An effective current detection unit (IP3) that detects the effective current supplied to the battery system or the effective current supplied to the load terminal (4) connected to the battery system;

[0071] A configuration including a current surge control unit (40) that causes the module current to surge in the range where the effective current detected by the effective current detection unit (IP3) between the maximum power point voltage and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) increases, wherein

[0072] The solar cell module (1) has a characteristic in which a current corresponding to the maximum power of the power flowing to the load terminal (4) flows when the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and the load voltage are at an equal level, and as the load terminal voltage increases above the maximum power voltage (Vmpp), the current gradually decreases compared to the current value at the maximum power, and when the load terminal voltage increases to the open circuit voltage (Voc), the current becomes 0.

[0073] The power pump unit (30) is configured such that the first input terminal (X), the second input / output terminal (Y), and the third output terminal (Z) are linked between the module (1) and the load terminal (4), and the output voltage is fed back to one electrode (-) of the module (1) to maintain the maximum power point (Vmpp) of the module (1), and the output voltage (VP3) of the power pump unit (30) is adjusted within the range of the maximum power point (Vmpp) of the module (1).

[0074] The present invention discloses a photovoltaic optimizer characterized by including a current surge control unit (40) that controls the current of the module (1) to surge so that even if the voltage of the load end (4) becomes higher than the maximum power voltage (Vmpp), the effective current detected by the effective current detection unit (IP3) maintains an effective current value equivalent to the maximum power, thereby enabling the supply of the effective maximum power to the load end at any position between the maximum power voltage (Vmpp) and the open circuit voltage (Voc).

[0076] In FIG. 14, (80, 90, 100, 110) are functional blocks that connect the load terminal (4) when the battery discharge initiation voltage or fluid pulse voltage is detected, disconnect the load terminal at the battery discharge termination voltage, and control the equivalent consumption of load power by connecting a dummy load when the surge pulse voltage or fluid pulse voltage is detected. (80, 90, 100, 110) will be explained in more detail in FIG. 20 and FIG. 25.

[0078] In the configuration of FIG. 14,

[0079] As shown in the graph of FIG. 13, the solar cell module (1) alone allows a current equivalent to the maximum power to flow to the load terminal (4) when the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and the load terminal (4) voltage are at an equal level. However, as the load terminal (4) voltage increases above the maximum power voltage (Vmp), the current gradually decreases compared to the current value at the maximum power, and when the load terminal voltage rises to the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the current flowing to the load terminal (4) becomes zero. This characteristic is the IV curve characteristic of the solar cell module, as mentioned above.

[0081] The power pump unit (30) supplies an output voltage (VP3) to one electrode of the voltage (VP2) of the module (1), and supplies a combined voltage (VP1) in which the output voltages of the module (1) and the power pump unit (30) are combined within the maximum power point maintenance range of the module (1), and the combined voltage is adjusted as needed.

[0082] If the connection point of (IP1) is supplied at terminal (a) of the charging control unit (3), the output of the power pump unit (30) is configured to feed back a portion of the module power, and if supplied at terminal (b) of the charging control unit, the charging battery (2) becomes the power supply configuration of the power pump unit (30). FIG. 14 illustrates the latter.

[0083] That is, the power pump unit (30) can be configured to connect the first input terminal (X) and the second input / output terminal (Y) to a power supply path that receives power from the battery (2), and to supply the output of the power pump unit (30) to one electrode of the module (1) through the second input / output terminal (Y), while supplying a voltage that combines the outputs of the module (1) and the power pump unit (30) to the load terminal (4), which is the connection point of the third output terminal (Z). This configuration corresponds to a configuration in which the power pump unit (30) is linked between the negative electrode of the module (1) and the negative electrode of the load terminal (4), but is not limited thereto. For example, the power pump unit (30) may be connected to the positive electrode of the module (1) by changing the polarity.

[0084] In the configuration of each input and output terminal of the power pump unit (30) as described above, only the effective current (IP3) supplied to the load terminal (4) flows in the path flowing to the third output terminal (Z), which is the remainder of the total current (IP2) generated by the module (1) after subtracting the idling current (IP1) supplied to the first input terminal (X) of the power pump unit (30). The effective current detection unit (IP3) of the present invention detects this current and, by linking with the current surge control unit (40) described later, achieves the function of obtaining an effective current even at the open voltage point while tracking the maximum power point.

[0085] Here, the effective maximum power refers to the maximum power remaining after deducting the idling current (IP1) consumed by the power pump unit (30) and being supplied to the load unit (4). For example, it can be configured to track the maximum detection value of the effective current detection unit (IP3). The effective current detection unit (IP3) can be linked to detect the current flowing through the resistor using the voltage drop method, amplify it with an operational amplifier, and supply it as an effective control signal to the current surge control unit (40). Here, the voltage detection method using the resistor can be replaced with the magnetic induction method using a Hall sensor. The magnetic induction method has the advantage of maintaining insulation regardless of polarity.

[0086] In FIG. 14, the unexplained symbol (30-6) is a control switch that operates or stops the power pump unit (30) as needed.

[0087] The current surge control unit (40) controls the operation of the power pump unit (30) at ultra-high speed so that even if the load voltage rises above the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp), the effective current does not decrease below the effective current value at maximum power. Through this, it becomes possible to supply the effective maximum power to the load unit (4) at any position between the maximum power voltage and the open-circuit voltage. Surge control means increasing the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) to cause current to flow out of the module (1), and increasing the output of the power pump unit (30) at an exponential speed until the desired current value is reached.

[0088] That is, when the required voltage of the load terminal (4) and the open voltage (Voc) match and the module current begins to flow, it is merely a very weak current flowing at the cliff face of the Voc threshold point current (Cliff) in Fig. 13, but when the current surge control function is activated, the power pump unit (30) intervenes even at this voltage position and the maximum power point current of Pn flows immediately.

[0089] For example, the current surge action can be achieved by increasing (steeply increasing) the output of the power pump unit (30) in a straight line until the action of increasing the effective current flowing from the module (1) to the load unit (4) compared to the previous (n-1) continues. In FIG. 14, if the output of the power pump unit (30) is continuously increased, the module voltage (VP2) decreases, and eventually, there is a point where the effective current (IP3) decreases by the same amount as the decrease. Therefore, if the current surge is continued until this boundary point of decrease, the maximum power point current is obtained even at the open voltage point. A surge refers to such an action occurring almost in real time.

[0090] From then on, based on the aforementioned boundary point, the runaway is stopped and maintained at a constant rising and falling range, or the runaway is reversed to rise and fall to find the maximum power point. This operation of current runaway demonstrates a distinct effect of significantly faster speed compared to conventional stepwise Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology based on microcontrollers.

[0091] In short, by controlling the current surge of the power pump unit (30), a current equivalent to the effective maximum power flows even at the open voltage position of the module (1), and furthermore, the maximum power point tracking speed, which takes more than a few minutes in conventional MPPT technology, is reduced to a real-time control level of 0.1 seconds to 3 seconds by the surge control.

[0092] Furthermore, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology involves specifying a particular load voltage, such as DC 24V, DC 48V, DC 220V, or DC 380V, and then boosting the module voltage in series to match it. However, the present invention has the effect of enabling the maximum power point to be obtained flatly across all voltage ranges through free voltage and precurrent operation, where the voltage of the load terminal (1) is not specified. Through this, tracking becomes possible to supply the effective maximum current to the load terminal (4) at any voltage position between the maximum power voltage and the open-circuit voltage.

[0094] The current surge control unit (40) that achieves this will be explained in more detail below.

[0095] FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a current surge control unit.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 15, the first input terminal (a) of the current surge control unit (40) is connected to detect a voltage change value (△V), and the second input terminal (b) is connected to detect an effective current change value (△I). The voltage change value means detecting the voltage of the power pump unit (30) or module (1) as a relative change value. In the present invention, △V means detecting as an integer, and △-V means detecting as an input inverted to the reciprocal. That is, the polarity for detecting voltage changes is not limited.

[0097] These first input terminal (a) and second input terminal (b) are supplied to the rising current surge command unit (40-3) and the falling current surge command unit (40-4) via the instantaneous edge detection unit (40-1 and 40-2). The edge detection result determines whether to command a rising current or a falling current in the logic circuit, and the command proceeds as a command signal in the form of a current surge that increases or decreases in a straight line until the desired result is achieved. Here, the logic circuit may be a configuration combining AND, OR, and NOT series gates. In addition, the logic circuit may be a configuration programmed with an FPGA, or it may be a program using a microcontroller.

[0098] The command signal can be output as a pulsed or encoded signal through the mixing circuit (40-7).

[0099] The command signal passing through the mixing circuit (40-7) and the waveform shaping circuit (40-8) is supplied as a control signal to the power pump unit (30), so that the rising current surge command unit (40-3) and the falling current surge command unit (40-4) are balanced, and the maximum power point is tracked.

[0100] Here, the instantaneous edge detection unit (40-1, 40-2) is a component that determines the immediate past and the immediate past as relative values. Through such instantaneous edge detection, the present invention can be applied as a single package regardless of the type of voltage or current of the module.

[0101] The rising current surge command unit (40-3) is a component that detects the current flowing from the open voltage (Voc) to the load terminal (4) at the second input terminal (b), and immediately moves the power pump unit (30) in the maximum output direction as soon as the current flow is detected so that the current of the module (1) is ejected to the maximum value.

[0102] The downward current surge command unit (40-4) is configured to stop the upward current surge command unit (40-3) when it increases the output of the power pump unit (30) and reaches a desired target value, and is a component that controls the action by immediately operating at the point when the effective maximum current detected by the effective current detection unit (IP3) decreases, thereby stopping or canceling out the action of the upward current surge command unit (40-3).

[0104] FIG. 16 is a graph showing the signal characteristics of the rising current surge command unit (40-3) and the falling current surge command unit (40-4) based on the duty cycle control concept.

[0105] Referring to (A) and (B) of FIG. 16, the output of the rising current surge command unit (40-3) and the output of the falling current surge command unit (40-4) are the rising duty signal (40-5) and the falling duty signal (40-6), respectively. Rising is a command to increase the voltage and outputs a wide duty signal (40a), while falling is a command to lower the voltage and outputs a narrow duty signal (40c). The average value (40b) is supplied as a control signal input to the power pump unit (30) to compress or relax the voltage (VP2) of the module (1). When the voltage (VP2) of the module (1) is compressed, the module voltage decreases while the current (IP2) increases, and conversely, when relaxed, the voltage (VP2) increases while the current (IP2) decreases. By utilizing this action, the power pump unit (30) controls the current surge moment by moment.

[0106] The duty cycle signal of FIG. 16 can remain in the ON state until the effective current (IP3) in FIG. 15 reaches the maximum power point current during a rising current surge command, and conversely, can remain in the OFF state until it returns to the maximum power point current during a falling current surge command. Therefore, it is not necessarily configured as a repetitive duty cycle as in FIG. 16, but can be configured as an asynchronous duty cycle control signal that occurs depending on the case or freely determines the duty cycle width. Since this duty cycle is ultimately supplied as an input control signal to the power pump unit (30), the operation of the current surge control unit (40) can be inferred by observing that the neutral point average signal of the rising or falling current surge signal is supplied to the input of the power pump unit (30). This observation is also possible through the fluctuation of the output voltage at the output terminal of the power pump unit (30).

[0107] In summary, according to the present invention, by making the duty cycle width of 40a in FIG. 16 very large or by repeatedly generating a relatively wide duty cycle, it can be made into a rising current surge, and by conversely, by continuing or repeating a narrow duty cycle like the duty cycle of 40c, it can be made into a falling current surge or a rising current surge stop command.

[0108] Figure 16 (B) illustrates a case where the duty cycle is controlled by synchronizing with the same phase time. The operating principle is the same as (A).

[0109] The filtered DC-pulsating voltage (40b) in FIG. 16 is a waveform diagram depicted to be referenced when observing, for example with an oscilloscope, whether there is a conflict with the scope of rights described in the claims of the present invention.

[0110] In fact, such oscilloscope waveforms are shown in the oscilloscope screen photos attached to Fig. 16.

[0111] In Photograph 1 of Fig. 16, the uppermost trace waveform represents the duty cycle of the rising current surge command section, and the middle trace waveform represents the duty cycle signal of the falling current surge command section. The pulsating waveform of the lowermost trace represents the control signal supplied to the power pump section (30). Photograph 1 is a picture taken when the control signal is balanced while repeating rising and falling current surges, but even in this case, when the balance is occasionally deviated from, it is confirmed by the momentary surge signal that the balance is being maintained by the surge signal.

[0112] That is, it means that it is easier to determine whether there is a current surge as disclosed in the claim by observing a control signal in the form of direct current or pulsating current input to the power pump unit (30) or the output voltage (VP3) of the power pump unit (30) output by said control signal, rather than checking for a current surge using a duty cycle signal. In Photograph 1 of FIG. 16, the duty cycle control type digital signals of the upper trace and the middle trace can also be confirmed as flashing signals through an LED lamp.

[0113] Photograph 2 of FIG. 16 shows the control of the power pump unit (30) during the initial current surge, and Photograph 3 shows that rising or falling current surges occur intermittently during the period when the power pump unit (30) is operating.

[0114] The photographs shown in FIG. 16 were observed using an oscilloscope, but in addition to this, a duty cycle signal or a pulsating signal can be observed using an LED lamp or various other means. The present invention may also include means for the power pump unit (30) to be controlled or monitored as a data signal according to a protocol. The pulsating signal can also be observed as a DC ripple signal at the output terminal of the power pump unit (30), showing the appearance of an instantaneous burst signal (refer to the third trace in photographs 1, 2, and 3).

[0116] Figure 17 is an algorithm flowchart that logically explains the overall operation of the current surge command unit.

[0117] Referring to FIG. 17, the operation of the current surge control unit (40) of the present invention is,

[0118] Step 1) Detect changes in voltage and active current (401, 402).

[0119] Here, it is desirable to detect voltage changes from VP3 to VP2. Depending on the logical case, the condition can be changed to detect △V (positive polarity) or △-V (reverse polarity). VP1 can also be detected, or a combination of these can be detected.

[0120] Step 2) When instantaneous change values ​​are compared and an action of increasing in the same direction is included, the power pump unit (30) is output controlled in an upward direction (403, 404).

[0121] Here, regarding instantaneous change values, it is desirable to apply detection of relative value changes between the immediate and immediate periods.

[0122] Step 3) Compare the instantaneous change values, and if they increase or decrease in opposite directions, control the output of the power pump unit (30) in the downward direction (405, 406).

[0123] Step 405, which is the detection of instantaneous change values ​​in Step 3) above, refers to the difference between whether they move in opposite directions or not.

[0124] Step 4) The above output control signal is smoothed by a filtering function and generated as a control output of the power pump unit (30) (408, 107, 409, 50). According to one embodiment, this power pump unit control signal may be in an analog form.

[0125] In summary, the current surge command unit of the present invention may be configured to include the flow steps of steps 1), 2), 3), and 4) above. When configured as hardware, each of the above steps operates in real time without step-by-step distinction, and when implemented as software using a microcontroller, it may be configured to operate step-by-step in the order above or in a reversed order.

[0126] To summarize the software operation of this current surge control unit,

[0127] A first configuration (401) that detects voltage fluctuations of source power supply VP3 or VP2 as △V;

[0128] A second configuration (402) for detecting current fluctuations of output current IP3 supplied to the battery (2) as △I; and

[0129] It can be summarized as a configuration (107, 50) that combines the first configuration and the second configuration above, and generates a control signal to change to an upward (404) or downward (406) depending on the result of detecting an increase or decrease in the amount of change of △I during the time of change of △V by substituting the time of change of △V and the amount of change of △I.

[0130] Furthermore, since this current surge control unit (40) can be manufactured and marketed as a modular chip and additionally combined as a signal source to control the power pump unit (30), the current surge control unit (40) of the present invention includes a product with an independent component (module) structure in this concept.

[0132] FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.

[0133] Referring to FIG. 18, the present invention

[0134] A solar cell module (1) that generates power from solar energy, having maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) characteristics;

[0135] A battery system (2) that stores power from a module (1);

[0136] A power pump unit (30) connected between the module (1) and the battery system (2) to regulate the output voltage;

[0137] An effective current detection unit (IP3) that detects the effective current supplied to the battery system (2) or the effective current supplied to the load terminal (4) connected to the battery system (2);

[0138] A pulse detection control unit (60) that detects pulse noise generated in the charging path of the battery system (2);

[0139] The power pump unit (30) is linked to a current surge control unit (40) that increases the current between the maximum power point voltage and the open circuit voltage (Voc), and supplies the output voltage to one electrode of the module (1) as a feedback, thereby including a configuration in which the output voltage of the module is controlled within the maximum power point maintenance range of the module (1).

[0140] While including a configuration in which the pulse detection control unit (60) controls the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) to weaken when a surge pulse is detected by the pulse detection unit (60-3),

[0141] A solar photovoltaic optimizer is disclosed, further comprising a configuration of a power pump operation control unit (50) that determines the benefit of the effective current detected by the effective current detection control unit (50) when the power pump unit (30) generates an output voltage below a set level, and controls the operation of the power pump unit (30) to maintain the operation of the power pump unit (30) or stop the operation of the power pump unit (30) and directly supply power between the solar cell module (1) and the load unit (4) through a bypass unit (30-3 in FIG. 14).

[0142] The determination of the actual benefit of the effective current through the effective current detection control unit (50) can be detected and controlled by periodically turning the operation of the power pump unit (30) on or off. Here, the actual benefit means determining through the effective current detection control unit (50) whether it is advantageous for the power pump unit (30) to intervene or for the power pump unit (30) not to intervene, and refers to the actual benefit of current, voltage, or power through the intervention of the power pump unit (30).

[0143] In the description of the configuration of FIG. 18, the operation of the module (1), power pump unit (30), and current surge control unit (40) has been explained previously, so a redundant description is omitted.

[0144] The battery system (2) may optionally include a charge controller. Here, optionally including means that in a configuration where the power pump unit (30) and the module (1) are combined, a separate charge controller may be installed or the system may operate without such a charge controller. In fact, as shown in FIG. 4, lithium-ion batteries can be charged by supplying a single voltage without a separate charging stage voltage setting (for example, a battery with a nominal voltage of 24V can achieve charging control by supplying only 29.2V), so the power pump unit (30) may be configured to handle this integrally.

[0145] The aforementioned surge pulse includes surge pulses such as pulse noise generated in the charging path. Specifically, examples include PWM (pulse) noise generated by the charger in the circuit.

[0146] The meaning that the pulse detection control unit (60) controls the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) to weaken when a surge pulse is detected by the pulse detection unit (60-3) may include a configuration that lowers the output of the power pump unit (30) to the point where the surge pulse disappears.

[0147] Referring to FIG. 18, the operation of the pulse detection control unit (60) is explained as follows:

[0148] In FIG. 18, since pulse noise contains components of an AC signal, it can be supplied to the operational amplifier (60-6) through the capacitor (60-1). Accordingly, the output of the operational amplifier (60-6) generates a negative polarity output, and the output is suppressed through the diode (6-7) in a direction that weakens the output of the current surge control unit (40). That is, when surge pulse noise occurs, the function of the current surge control unit (40) is urgently weakened. If the surge pulse disappears during the weakening process, the operational amplifier (60-6) returns the output to normal, and accordingly, the current surge control unit (40) operates normally as if the pulse detection control unit (60) were not present.

[0149] Meanwhile, the DC voltage maximum value limiting unit (61) acts to limit the maximum value of the DC component. For example, when the power pump unit (30) tracks the voltage of the load terminal (4) and VP1 rises higher than the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the DC voltage maximum value limiting unit (61-3), which is set as a resistance breather (61-1, 61-2), is activated to weaken the function of the current surge control unit (40).

[0150] This function serves as a protection circuit to prevent excessive module voltage rise.

[0151] As a method for simplifying the circuit, the resistor (61-1) within the DC voltage maximum value limiting unit (61) may be integrally connected to the circuit of the pulse detection control unit (60), and the value of the resistor (61-1) may be made sufficiently larger than the value of the resistor (60-2) so that the pulse detection control unit (60) is configured to integrate DC and AC in hardware.

[0152] The power pump operation control unit (50) measures the effective current supplied to the actual load terminal (4) as an effective current detection unit (IP3), and detects whether the power pump unit (30) has an output voltage (VP3) below a set level through the first input terminal (50-1) to determine and control whether to maintain the operation of the power pump unit. That is, if it is above the set level, it continues to operate, but if it is below the set level, it determines the effective current (IP3) detected through the second input terminal (50-2) and controls the operation of the power pump unit (30) by maintaining the switch (30-6) in the ON state or turning it OFF. When it is turned OFF, the current between the solar cell module (1) and the load terminal (4) is supplied directly through the bypass unit (11-2, 30-3).

[0153] The power pump operation control unit (50) can determine the benefit through the effective current detection unit while periodically operating the power pump unit (30) as an on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) regardless of whether it is below the set level. At this time, the on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) can be set so that the on period is longer than the off period when the effective current detection unit determines that there is a benefit, and the off period is set longer than the on period when it determines that there is no benefit.

[0154] This on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) can be configured to automatically switch the on-off period setting. It can generate different on-off periods by flipping a constant duty cycle signal in opposite directions, for example, by setting the on to 1 second and the off to 20 seconds, or conversely, by flipping the off to 1 second and the on to 20 seconds. Through this timer (30-7), the effect of the operation of the power pump unit (30) can be directly observed. Since the on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) of the present invention is provided as one example, those skilled in the art will naturally understand that it is not limited thereto. For example, it can be implemented with a flexible duty cycle that varies the on to 1 second to 10 minutes and, correspondingly, varies the off period to a shorter 1 second to 10 minutes.

[0156] Figure 19 is an algorithm flowchart that explains the operation of Figure 18 to make it easier to understand.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 19, the pulse detection control unit (60) and power pump operation control unit (50) of the present invention are,

[0158] Step 1); detect at least one of the output voltage detection (501-3) of the power pump unit (30) or the output voltage detection (501-2) of the module. That is, detect VP2 or VP3, but is not limited thereto.

[0159] Step 2); the pulse detection control unit (60) detects whether there is a surge pulse (503). If there is a surge pulse, the output of the power pump unit (30) is suppressed (504).

[0160] Step 3); check whether the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) is lower than the set voltage (505).

[0161] This is to check whether the idling power of the power pump unit (30) is acting as a loss to the entire circuit. If it is below the set voltage, the power pump unit (30) is inverted. Inversion means, for example, inverting from the on state to the off state, and vice versa (506). The set voltage may be a threshold voltage at which the power pump unit (30) is inferred to be continuously operating.

[0162] In step 3), the test can be performed by periodically switching on and off using an on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) regardless of whether the voltage is below the set voltage.

[0163] Step 4); detect a change in the effective current value in the inverted state of Step 3) above (507). If the effective current increases compared to the previous state (n-1) as a result of detection, the operation of the power pump unit (30) is maintained (508, 509). In the maintained state, a wake-up mode such as inverting it again at given timer times (512) may be performed, and any one of the processes of Steps 1), 2), and 3) above may be repeated.

[0164] Maintaining the on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) means that the on duty cycle for operating the power pump unit (30) is greater than the off duty cycle.

[0165] Step 5); If the detection result of Step 4 above shows that the effective current is lower than the previous (n-1), the operation of the power pump unit (30) is reversed again (510, 511). In the on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7), reversal for Step 4 means that the on duty cycle of operating the power pump unit (30) becomes smaller than the off duty cycle.

[0166] Go back to the beginning and repeat any one of the steps 1), 2), and 3) above.

[0167] Through this algorithm, it is determined whether it is advantageous for the power pump unit (30) to intervene and supplement the module voltage. If it is determined that it is advantageous to intervene, the power pump unit (30) continues to operate within the range where the current surge described above or the appropriate maximum power point is balanced.

[0168] In summary, the method for determining whether the power pump unit (30) intervenes in the present invention may include a configuration in which the power pump unit (30) is turned on and off periodically or non-periodically, and the on period is extended when the intervention of the power pump unit (30) is advantageous, and the off period is extended when it is disadvantageous.

[0170] Generally, there are cases where power is to be used at the load side after the battery has been discharged and before it is sufficiently charged. For example, in the case of solar power, this occurs when there is a need to supply power to the load side even though the battery has been over-discharged or because it is a cloudy day and the hourly charging current is insufficient.

[0171] FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a multifunctional configuration of the present invention that extends the charging range of a battery while eliminating surge pulses, secures a bypass power path to replace the discharge path during the full charging period, and also eliminates idling power consumption of an inverter by detecting whether power is consumed at the load end.

[0173] Referring to FIG. 20,

[0174] New and renewable energy generation facility (1);

[0175] A battery system (2) that stores power from the above-mentioned power generation facility;

[0176] A charging control unit (3) connected between the power generation facility and the battery system to regulate the battery charging voltage;

[0177] A pulse detection control unit (80, 90) linked to detect a fluid pulse when charging above a set power is generated in the path of the above-mentioned charging control unit (3);

[0178] A first power supply unit (4) that converts battery power into AC power and outputs it;

[0179] A second power supply unit (103) that supplies a power source other than new and renewable energy;

[0180] AC power switching unit (100) connected to the output of a first power supply unit (4, e.g., inverter) and a second power supply unit (103, e.g., commercial power supply) to selectively connect the power of the first or second power supply unit to a load terminal;

[0181] No-load detection unit (110) that detects whether there is a no-load state;

[0182] A dummy load control unit (90) capable of detecting a fluid pulse and applying an equivalent load to the battery;

[0183] Power is supplied to the load terminal using the power generated by the first power supply unit (4) at the fully charged state of the battery or the discharge start voltage of the battery voltage where the above fluid pulse is detected, while power is supplied to the load terminal by connecting the second power supply unit (103) during the period when the battery power is not supplied, while the pulse detection control unit (80, 90), the AC power switching unit (100), and the battery system (2) are connected,

[0184] In a no-load state, the no-load detection unit (110) and the AC power switching unit (100) are connected to stop the idling operation of the first power supply unit (4).

[0185] It includes a configuration that links the pulse detection control unit (80, 90) and the dummy load control unit (90) to connect the dummy load when a fluid pulse is detected in the battery system (2).

[0186] Here, the connection between the power generation facility (1) and the battery (2) may further include a power pump unit (30) that regulates the voltage output from the power generation facility (1), and the pulse detection control unit (80) may further include a configuration that controls the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) to weaken when it detects a fluid pulse generated in the charging path.

[0187] The pulse detection control unit (80) may further include a configuration for connecting a load terminal to detect the charging voltage of the battery (2) and to start discharging at a preset discharge start voltage (PT1) before the fluid pulse is detected.

[0188] The pulse detection control unit (80) can start battery discharge in a first level state that detects a fluid pulse to operate the inverter (4), and stop the operation of the inverter (4) in a second level state which is the discharge termination voltage of the battery system (2), while switching the AC power switching unit (100) to commercial power (103) when the inverter (4) is stopped.

[0189] In the present invention, the voltage corresponding to the start of operation of the inverter (4) is defined as the first level, and the discharge termination voltage corresponding to the stop of the inverter (2) is defined as the second level. Additionally, the lower limit level to which the dummy load is linked is defined as the third level. The first level can be subdivided into a first-1 level, which is a fluctuating voltage state at the front end of the charge control unit (3) by the pulse detection control unit (80), and a first-2 level, which is a discharge termination voltage detected at a stable voltage at the rear end of the charge control unit (3).

[0190] The above third level may include a configuration in which it is set to at least one level voltage within the range of maximum charging voltages from the nominal specification voltage of the battery (2). Furthermore, the third level may be a battery voltage level at the boundary surface where the fluid pulse disappears.

[0191] The term "secondary power source other than new and renewable energy" refers to a different type of power source that is not intermittent or does not simultaneously occur. For example, it may be a heterogeneous power facility such as commercial power, wind turbines, or emergency generators. It may also be a photovoltaic module installed in a different direction or on different terrain.

[0192] Omitting the duplicate parts explained up to Fig. 19, and assuming the above power generation facility is a solar cell, the functions of each component of Fig. 20 are explained as follows.

[0193] Since the fluid pulse is a signal that mainly occurs in the latter part of the floating state of FIG. 5, it is inferred that the battery is in a fully charged state when this signal is generated. That is, since charging current is not supplied to the battery (2) at this time, the voltage of the solar cell module (1) at the front end (a) of the charging controller rises to the open voltage range, and in the PWM charging method, it vibrates in the form of a pulse, and in the MPPT charger that utilizes the principle of a BUCK converter, it vibrates with a large amplitude of a wave-shaped DC voltage.

[0194] Since the amplitude of these oscillations increases as the current decreases in the floating state, unlike measuring the battery terminal voltage, detecting the degree of change in these amplitudes and pulse widths at the front end of the charge controller allows for the simple and accurate detection of the battery charge completion state without using the expensive and indirect measurement mutual contactance technique that does not guarantee accuracy. In the terminology of the present invention, a "fluid pulse" refers to a signal that indicates the charge completion state at such a set value. Detection includes △V fluctuation detection that detects instantaneous relative values.

[0195] At the first-1 level where a fluid pulse is generated, the pulse detection control unit (80) generates an output to operate the inverter (4). That is, the load terminal is connected at the point when the battery charge reaches full charge (first-1 level), and through this function, the battery (2) can be charged to the full charge level. (60-3) of block (80) is an example of a capacitive element in the concept of detecting the pulse detection as an AC component signal, and (81) is a comparator that starts a latch from the pulse signal passing through (60-3) and activates the matching interface (101) with its output to move the (c) contact of the relay (102) in the AC power switching unit (100) to the (a) contact. When the relay contact moves to (a), the inverter output power is supplied to the load terminal (112). Block (80) may also be operated at the discharge start voltage (first-2 level) which is preset by (PT1).

[0196] However, even if it is the 1-1 level or the 1-2 level, once the inverter (4) is started, the minimum battery power required for operation is consumed. This is the so-called idling power. Typically, idling consumption is considered to be about 1% of normal power consumption, but if this accumulates for 24 hours a day, the idling loss reaches 24%. Furthermore, if the weather is such that solar power generation is insufficient during the rainy season, it can cause serious battery discharge, so it is beneficial to have an alternative to prevent such unnecessary power consumption.

[0197] The no-load detection control unit (110) of the present invention can detect whether power is being used at the load unit by detecting the power consumed at the AC load unit (112), for example, using a Hall sensor (S1). As a result, if the voltage comparator (111) determines that power is not being used, the latch (83) of the pulse detection control unit (80) is reset to block the inverter operation command. This reset action of the latch (83) moves the (c) contact of the relay (102) within the AC power switching unit (100) to the (b) contact, and accordingly, the operation of the inverter (4) is stopped first, and commercial power (Grid Power) is supplied to the load unit (112) instead, so that the power supply to the load unit (112) is not interrupted and the no-load state can be continuously observed. (While commercial power is substituted in this manner when uninterrupted load power supply is required, in other cases, the inverter can be shut off without commercial power supply. In such instances, if power is needed, emergency power or wind power can be integrated.)

[0198] Meanwhile, the no-load status can also be detected by the DC side input current of the inverter (4). This is because if a state persists where only the idling current flows and no further current flows, that phenomenon can also be substituted for the load side (112) being in a no-load state. However, if the judgment is made based only on the idling current on the DC side without a commercial power connection, it is necessary to periodically turn on and off and compare the power flowing to the load side (112) with the idling power. At this time, if the configuration described above—"determining the actual benefit through the effective current detection unit while periodically operating the power pump unit (30) as an on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7)"—is utilized, an effective function is achieved. That is, if the preset idling current and the current inverter operating current are compared and the result is replaced with the detection result of the effective current detection unit, the above on-off forward / reverse timer function can be utilized as is.

[0199] Therefore, in the present invention, no-load state detection is a term that selectively encompasses such configurations. The idling current may be fixedly applied as a preset absolute value, or it may be flexibly determined as a relative value of the minimum load state.

[0200] As previously observed, the fluid pulse is a phenomenon that occurs when the battery is fully charged and can no longer consume power generated from renewable energy, that is, when the load unit (112) becomes unloaded. However, the fluid pulse can have adverse effects as a harmful surge pulse. If power is consumed by the load unit (112) at this time and the consumed power exceeds the power supplied from renewable energy, such a pulse will naturally disappear.

[0201] Fluid pulses are generated in the range of surplus renewable energy power that remains after battery charging is complete.

[0202] When a fluid pulse is detected, the dummy load unit (94) is connected in parallel, but the intervention of the dummy load unit (94) is blocked when the fluid pulse is extinguished. In this configuration, the dummy load unit (94) performs a selective function of extinguishing fluid pulses, particularly surge pulses, caused by excess voltage from renewable energy without consuming the power already charged in the battery. This function is very beneficial for eliminating the cause of fire by extinguishing only surge pulses and minimizing heat generation in the dummy load unit (94), while having a special effect of eliminating harmful surges.

[0203] (91) of FIG. 20 discloses a configuration in which a dummy load (94) is connected through a dummy load control unit (93) by detecting a fluid pulse with a pulse detection unit (60-3), and the dummy load (94) is stopped by a latch (93) function at a level at least equal to the nominal voltage, thereby dissolving surge pulses without the dummy load (94) consuming power charged in the battery (2). If the (PT3) function is excluded and the comparator output is inverted and connected to the R input terminal of the latch (not shown), the dummy load control unit (93) operates only within the range where fluid pulses are detected, so (PT3) is not an indispensable configuration.

[0204] The matching interface (101) shown in the AC power switching unit (100) of Fig. 20 is a component that prevents switching arcs of mechanical relay points while preventing cross-contact between the commercial power supply (103) and the inverter (4) output power.

[0206] The specific principles of the matching interface (101) are explained through FIGS. 21 to 24.

[0207] In FIG. 21, which is a first embodiment of the matching interface (101), when the set output of the pulse detection control unit (80) latch (83) becomes High (level) at the time of discharge initiation, the output is supplied to the DF delay unit (101-1) and the FD delay unit (101-2). The signal supplied to the FD delay unit (101-2) moves the AC power switch (102) to the inverter load terminal (a) contact at high speed through the diode (at this time, the coil (L) of the AC power switching unit (102) operates at High). Accordingly, the commercial power (103) supplied to the load terminal (c) contact through the (b) contact is cut off, and only the output terminal on the inverter (4) side is connected to the load terminal (112), but since the inverter (4) has not yet started, the power supplied to the load terminal (112) is momentarily cut off. Meanwhile, the signal supplied to the DF delay unit (101-1) starts the inverter (4) with a delay equal to the time constant of the resistor and capacitor. As a result, the power from the commercial power supply (103) is cut off at a rapid speed, and the inverter (4) is started in a sequence starting process that follows the initial start. Since the inverter (4) can be started with a delay of several milliseconds to several seconds, safe power switching is possible without interference or arcing between the AC power sources due to this time delay. In the present invention, the concept of the FD delay and DF delay starting sequentially is defined as forward control of the FD delay and DF delay.

[0208] When the latch (83) is reset at the discharge termination voltage and the set output becomes Low (level), the DF delay unit (101-1) and the FD delay unit (101-2) operate in opposite ways. That is, the DF delay unit (101-1) is turned off first through the internal diode, and the FD delay unit (101-2) is delayed by the internal resistor and capacitor time constant to connect the (c) contact and the (b) contact, thereby subsequently supplying commercial power (103). Likewise, safe power switching is possible without interference or arcing between the AC power sources. That is, since the FD delay and DF delay at this time operate in the opposite way to the forward control defined above, this is defined as the reverse control of the FD delay and DF delay as a concept corresponding to the forward control above.

[0210] FIG. 22 is an exemplary embodiment illustrating a configuration in which an AC power switching unit (102) is connected to the reset output of a latch (83). When the set output of the latch (83) becomes High at the start of discharge, the DF delay unit (101-1) delays the operation of the inverter with the time constant of the resistor and capacitor, but the reset output of the latch (83) becomes Low, which is the opposite; therefore, the reset output immediately drives the coil (L) of the AC power switching unit (102) through the diode of the FD delay unit (101-2) (i.e., the coil (L) of the AC power switching unit (102) operates at Low). Consequently, since this coil (L) operates at a negative polarity (Active_L) signal, the effect of operation shown in FIG. 21 can be obtained in the case of FIG. 22. The specific detailed operation of the FD delay unit (101-2) can be understood by interpreting the operation of the FD delay unit (101-2) of FIG. 21 as having opposite polarity, so further detailed explanation is omitted.

[0212] FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an embodiment in which the AC power switching unit in the configuration of FIG. 21 is separately configured to the inverter side (102-1) and the commercial power side (102-2), respectively, and FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an embodiment in which the AC power switching unit in the configuration of FIG. 22 is separately configured to the inverter side (102-1) and the commercial power side (102-2), respectively.

[0213] In the case of FIGS. 23 and 24, the inverter and the commercial power supply are operated in the forward or reverse direction of the DF delay - FD delay, thereby obtaining the effects of FIGS. 21 and 22 described above; therefore, the detailed explanation will be replaced by FIGS. 21 and 22. The purpose of disclosing FIGS. 23 and 24 is to indicate that there may be various other methods for controlling the DF delay and FD delay of the present invention in the forward or reverse direction, and furthermore, to define these various methods as 'forward and reverse direction control of the delay function'.

[0215] FIG. 25 is a flowchart explaining the operation of FIG. 20 as a software control algorithm. Each step is described as follows. However, the following steps are not necessarily all included in order, and the order may be changed, or some elements may be added or reduced.

[0216] Step 1); The present invention includes a configuration for measuring a charge controller input terminal, battery voltage, and / or no-load state (2000).

[0217] The input terminal (a) of the charge controller (3) is for detecting a fluid pulse in FIG. 20, the battery terminal voltage (b) is for detecting the discharge start voltage and / or discharge end voltage of the battery, and the Hall sensor (S1) is for detecting a no-load state. The no-load state may be detected by an inverter DC load current, such as (IP3) as an example in FIG. 15 or not shown.

[0218] Step 2); In the present invention, commercial power (103) may be supplied to the load terminal (112), but the timing is when no fluid pulse is detected or the discharge initiation voltage is reached (2001, 2002, 2003).

[0219] The reason for supplying commercial power (103) is to compensate for the battery (2) being unable to discharge until the charging period is reached using commercial power (103). When a fluid pulse is detected or the discharge initiation voltage is reached, the state is sufficient to supply the power stored in the battery (2) to the load terminal (112). At this time, the commercial power (103) is cut off and the inverter (4) is operated, and then the inverter power is supplied to the load terminal (112) using the inverter power as the first power (2004, 2005, 2006). In the present invention, the AC power output from the inverter (4) is called the first power, and the commercial power (103) supplied from the GRID is called the second power.

[0220] Step 3); When the inverter (4) is ON, it is determined whether the battery voltage has reached a second level (discharge termination voltage) (2007). When it reaches the second level, the inverter operation is turned OFF (2012), the inverter output is cut off from the load terminal (112) (2013), and the second power source, which is the commercial power source (103), is replaced and connected to the load terminal (112) (2014).

[0221] It may take a long time to fully recharge the battery and operate the inverter (4). During this time, the required load power is supplied by the commercial power (103), which is the second power source. However, if continuous power supply is not required, the commercial power (103) may not be connected.

[0222] Step 4); detect whether there is no load when the inverter (4) is in operation or connected to the commercial power supply (103) (2015).

[0223] If there is no load, the operation of the inverter (4) is stopped regardless of the first level to prevent power loss consumed during the idling of the inverter (4).

[0224] When the commercial power supply (103) is connected, power can be continuously supplied to the load terminal (112), so a no-load state can be continuously detected.

[0225] In the case where only the inverter (4) is stopped without connecting the commercial power supply (103) to it, the inverter (4) can be operated intermittently with an OFF duty cycle to detect a no-load state. In the present invention, the OFF duty cycle is a duty cycle operation signal in which the stop period is longer than the operation period. For example, this is a case where the on-off forward / reverse timer (30-7) described above is applied to periodically operate for 3 seconds and stop for 30 seconds. Since idling power loss can be reduced by 90% with only the control of 3 seconds of operation and 30 seconds of stop, the OFF duty cycle can be a useful configuration for preventing idling power consumption of the inverter in a renewable energy generation system where the commercial power supply is not connected.

[0226] Step 5); When the battery voltage has not reached the second level (discharge termination voltage) while the inverter (4) is in operation, if a fluctuating pulse is detected, the dummy load is turned ON. Also, when the battery voltage reaches the third level, the dummy load is controlled to OFF (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011).

[0227] The fluctuating pulse occurs when the inverter output is generated while the battery is fully charged, and the load terminal (112) is in a no-load state, or when the inverter (4) is not operating, or when there is no load applied to the battery (2). Ultimately, the fluctuating pulse is generated when the battery (2) reaches full charge and there is no target to consume the power generated from renewable energy, and if the fluctuating pulse becomes severe, it becomes a harmful signal as a surge pulse.

[0228] At this time, if a dummy load is linked, fluid pulses, etc., through the battery discharge route via the dummy load can be eliminated or at least reduced, so the present invention includes such a concept.

[0229] The dummy load control unit (93) is, in principle, an element that connects the dummy load when a fluid pulse is detected and disconnects the dummy load when the fluid pulse disappears.

[0230] Furthermore, it may be operated in conjunction up to a third level range set in the range between the first level, which is the discharge start standard, and the second level, which is the discharge end standard. Here, the third level refers to a level selected from the range of maximum charging voltages from the nominal standard voltage of the battery (2).

[0231] In block (80) of FIG. 20, the latch is activated only by the input signal of the pulse detection unit (60) when (PT1) is absent. That is, since (PT1) is set to activate at a charging power lower than the pulse detection (60) time, this configuration may be omitted. However, if present, it is activated at any set discharge start voltage, but if absent, it can be activated only in a fluid pulse detection state that corresponds to full charge. Although it has been shown that (PT1) can be freely set using the concept of variable resistor adjustment, it can be implemented by other physical methods or by software methods to which a microcomputer or logic is applied.

[0232] (PT2) is a component that freely sets the discharge termination voltage based on a principle opposite to that of (PT1). This can be implemented physically or via software.

[0233] The configurations of the present invention mentioned and the configurations of the present invention described below can be implemented as a miniaturized ASIC (Application Software IC) or a microprocessor program.

[0235] FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention that allows the battery to be charged to its maximum capacity while being separated from the load using only renewable energy.

[0236] Referring to FIG. 26, the present invention is,

[0237] New and renewable energy generation facility (1);

[0238] A first battery system (2-1) and a second battery system (2-2) that store power from a power generation facility (1);

[0239] A charging control unit (3) connected between the power generation facility (1) and the first battery system (2-1) or the second battery system (2-2) to regulate the battery charging voltage;

[0240] A load section (112) that receives power from a first battery system (2-1) or a second battery system (2-2);

[0241] A full charge detection control unit (60-3, 80-1, 80-2) that detects the full charge state of the battery;

[0242] A first exchange switch unit (200-1) capable of exchangingly connecting a charging power source from a charging control unit (3) to a first battery system (2-1) or a second battery system (2-2);

[0243] A second exchange switch unit (200-2) capable of exchanging and connecting power from at least one of the first battery system (2-1) or the second battery system (2-2) to the load unit (112);

[0244] A switching exchange control unit (200) that supplies charging power through a first exchange switch unit (200-1) and outputs discharge power through a second exchange switch unit (200-2), wherein the battery system receiving charging power through the first exchange switch unit (200-1) is controlled to be separated from the load unit (112) at the second exchange switch unit (200-2);

[0245] A configuration is disclosed in which the switching exchange control unit (200) is controlled in conjunction with the output of the full charge detection control unit (60-3, 80-1, 80-2) to form a battery charging system independent of the load unit (112).

[0246] Here, when the full charge detection control unit (60-3, 80-1, 80-2) detects a fluid pulse signal, it may further include a configuration that links a dummy load control unit (90) capable of applying an equivalent load to the battery, and

[0247] Furthermore, the first battery system (2-1) and the second battery system (2-2) can normally discharge as an integrated n-th battery system group, and only when charging is required can the first battery system (2-1), which is separated from the n-th battery group, be charged, while the remaining ones are left to handle the discharge. At this time, the first battery system (2-1) can be formed by sequentially dividing and separating from the n-th batteries combined in multiples.

[0249] The operation is explained with reference to Fig. 26.

[0250] The first exchange switch unit (200-1) and the second exchange switch unit (200-2) move and connect their contacts when the switching exchange control unit (200) generates an output. Although this is illustrated as a relay that moves the contacts depending on whether or not a control signal is supplied to the coil, it can be configured with semiconductor switches such as thyristors, FETs, IGBTs, and TRs, so the first exchange switch unit (200-1) and the second exchange switch unit (200-2) are not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

[0251] The switching exchange control unit (200) is a component that controls the contacts of the exchange switch to be maintained or switched according to the conditions of pins 1 and 2 when a fluid pulse signal is input to pin 3 while the voltages of the first battery and the second battery are input to pins 1 and 2. For example, the switching exchange control unit (200) maintains the contacts as cb when the voltage of pin 1 is high, and switches the contacts to ca when the voltage of pin 2 is high. That is, the switching exchange control unit (200) is a component that determines the condition for the generation of fluid pulses from the battery terminal voltage and switches the battery with the high terminal voltage from charging to discharging.

[0252] In FIG. 26, it can be seen that the contact of the first exchange switch unit (200-1) is connected to cb so that the first battery (2-1) is connected to the charge control unit (3), and the contact of the second exchange switch unit (200-2) is connected to ca so that the second battery (2-2) is connected to the load terminal (4). In this state, when time elapses and a full charge signal is generated, the contact of the first exchange switch unit (200-1) is connected to ca, and the contact of the second exchange switch unit (200-2) is connected to cb. As a result, the second battery (2-2) connected to the first exchange switch unit (200-1) is charged, and the first battery (2-1) connected to the second exchange switch unit (200-2) is discharged.

[0253] In this way, each battery system takes turns handling charging and discharging as an independent voltage system, thereby completely resolving the problem of insufficient charging due to power flowing to the load, especially in configurations using new and renewable energy.

[0254] The specific configuration of the switching exchange control unit (200) may include flip-flop series D, T, R / S, JK, etc., and may be configured as a microprocessor or FPGA.

[0255] At this time, the pulse signal may include not only a fluid pulse but also various configurations obtained from detecting a discharge initiation voltage signal corresponding to a full charge voltage state above a certain level or a phenomenon of reduced charging current below a certain level.

[0256] The load section (112) is shown as an inverter that converts DC to AC, but includes a configuration with a DC load.

[0257] The full charge state may include a configuration for detecting a fluidity signal, a discharge initiation voltage, or a set voltage level or power level (current level), and, for example, may include an indirect full charge determination configuration by mutual contactance.

[0258] Although the configuration of FIG. 26 additionally applies a commercial power source (103), the auxiliary connection of the commercial power source (103) may be unnecessary as the battery capacity is expanded by the first exchange switch unit (200-1) to the second exchange switch unit (200-2) capable of sufficiently charging the battery. Therefore, the configuration of FIG. 26 can establish a useful new renewable energy system in remote islands or mountainous areas where there is no commercial power source (103).

[0259] According to another embodiment, the batteries (2-1, 2-2) may be charged by a commercial power source (103) rather than a power generation facility (1). Other switching processes, etc. are the same as above, so the description is omitted.

[0260] In FIG. 26, the interlocking block (100) of the commercial power source (103) and the no-load detection control unit (110) correspond to additional components applied when the n-th battery group is completely discharged. Here, the commercial power source (103) refers to a power source of different properties, such as an emergency generator or a wind power generator.

[0262] In FIG. 26, unexplained reference numerals (80-1) and (80-2) represent a type of pulse detection control unit (80) that is coupled to detect fluid pulses. Although they are shown in a divided manner to easily explain the operation of the first battery (2-1) and the second battery (2-2), this configuration may be integrated into one. (101-1) and (101-2), shown in the shape of diodes, represent in principle that two pulse detection control unit signals can be coupled to a single matching interface (101).

[0263] Unexplained reference numerals (93-1) and (93-2) are components that enable the dummy load control unit (90) to be selectively or commonly connected to both the first battery (2-1) and the second battery (2-2).

[0265] FIG. 27 is a block diagram conceptually encompassing and explaining an embodiment of FIG. 26.

[0266] In particular, FIG. 27 illustrates a first exchange switch section (200-11, 200-1n) and a second exchange switch section (200-21, 200-2n) as a single-contact switch, so that the second battery can be superimposed and combined into an n-th battery group, and accordingly, at least one of the n-th battery groups integrated together can be sequentially divided into the first battery to achieve charging.

[0268] Referring to FIG. 27, it can be seen that the charging control unit (3) supplies charging power to the first battery (2-1) connected to the AC contact of (200-11), and the load unit (4) receives discharging power from the second battery connected to the AC contact of (200-2n).

[0269] These switches (200-21,...200-2n) can be connected in multiple numbers, so that the second battery can be arranged as multiple n-th batteries, and then one of them can be separated and utilized as the first battery. When separating into the first battery, the second exchange switch unit connected to the first battery is disconnected from the load terminal, and the first exchange switch unit is connected to the charging control unit to the first battery so that it can be charged in an independent free voltage state separated from the load terminal.

[0270] In short, the n-th batteries can be configured to operate with the concept that they sequentially change their order to divide the role of the first battery, complete charging, then rejoin in parallel as the n-th battery to discharge, and then the next turn takes over charging.

[0271] At this time, charging can be performed freely through a path independent of the discharge circuit, and after charging is complete, the increased voltage (power) can be added to the nth battery as a concept. In the circuit symbol (200-1n, 200-2n), the meaning of n indicates that multiple batteries are charged separately in this way, and after charging is complete, the charged power can be transferred to the nth batteries connected to the load-side system.

[0273] FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 in software.

[0274] First, I will explain the operation algorithm when there is no grid (commercial power).

[0275] Step 1) While charging the first battery (2-1), the full charge state can be checked (3000, 3001). At this time, if the first battery (2-1) is in a full charge state, the first battery (2-1) is connected to the load terminal (112), and the renewable energy output and the load terminal (112) are alternately connected to charge the second battery (2-2) (3003, 3004). Here, the first battery (2-1) is explained as an example, and the process may proceed to Step 2) where the second battery (2-2) is first.

[0276] Step 2) Maintain the state until the second battery (2-2) is fully charged (3005). If the second battery (2-2) is fully charged, connect the second battery (2-2) to the load terminal (112) and switch the renewable energy output and the load terminal (112) to start charging the first battery (2-1) (3006, 3007).

[0277] Step 3) When the first battery (2-1) is fully charged, return to Step 1) above and switch roles again (3008, 3003, 3004).

[0278] In the above routine, if the amount of power being charged is sufficient compared to the power being consumed by discharge, the first and second batteries (2-1, 2-2) can be fully charged to their maximum capacity and the power consumption can be met with renewable energy.

[0279] However, if the discharge power is greater than the charge power, even if charging and discharging are performed alternately, the exchange time will gradually shorten until the first battery and the second battery can ultimately reach the discharge termination voltage together. In this case, the following additional step 4) can be activated.

[0280] Step 4) When the first and second batteries (2-1, 2-2) reach a discharge cutoff voltage (second level), the first and second batteries (2-1, 2-2) are charged first (3009, 3010). After that, a process of additionally linking the commercial power supply (103) is carried out (20001). At this time, the additionally linked processes (20001) and (20002) correspond to the block (20001) shown in FIG. 25, so a redundant explanation here is omitted by referring to the description therein.

[0281] In short, since the commercial power source (103) or the emergency generator supplies power to the load side (112), the first battery (2-1) and the second battery (2-2) are freed from the load side (112) and are fully charged by independent renewable power generation (3011, 3012). When full charge is reached, the commercial power connection block is released (20003, 20004) and proceed to step 1) or step 2).

[0282] In other words, the process of FIG. 28 explains the operation of the hardware configuration of FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, while simultaneously indicating that this process can be configured in software centered on a microprocessor. Furthermore, this process can be used in a grid-free configuration, but represents an embodiment that includes an additional configuration for connecting a grid.

[0283] In FIG. 28, the unexplained symbol (20002) is a block indicating that the dummy load control unit (90) of FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 can be linked.

[0284] In summary, as shown in the operation description of FIGS. 26, 27, and 28, the first battery (2-1) or the second battery (2-2) is released from the load terminal during the charging period according to the switching exchange control unit (200) that is alternately connected, so that independent maximum voltage charging is possible.

[0285] In FIGS. 26, 27, and 28, the first exchange switch unit (200-1, 200-11, 200-1n) may be implemented in a configuration that exchanges the execution of operations while a plurality of charge control units (3) are respectively connected to the first battery and the second battery, and the second exchange switch unit (200-2, 200-22, 200-2n) may also be implemented in a configuration of a system concept that exchanges the execution of operations while a plurality of inverters (4) are respectively connected to the first battery and the second battery. At this time, the switching exchange control unit (200) may be implemented as a control signal generating device responsible for operation switching in each combined system.

[0286] In addition, various other methods may be initiated as alternatives for implementation, but further explanation will be omitted. The first exchange switch unit and the second exchange switch unit are defined as comprehensively referring to all configurations that enable independent maximum voltage charging by being released from the load unit during the charging period.

[0288] FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention in which the voltage of a battery system is connected in series to a renewable energy power generation facility (module) to enable charging even in a weak voltage state, as the pulse detection control unit (60, 80, 90), dummy load control unit (90, 93), full charge detection control unit (200), switching exchange control unit (200), etc. are combined.

[0290] Referring to FIG. 29, the configuration is,

[0291] New and renewable energy generation facility (1) including solar modules;

[0292] Battery system (2-1, 2-2) for storing power from power generation facility (1);

[0293] An MPPT charger (33) connected between a power generation facility (1) and a battery system (2-1, 2-2) that controls the battery charging voltage while tracking the maximum power point of the power generation facility (1), and controls the output power such that when the voltage of the power generation facility (1) is greater than the voltage supplied to the battery system, the current supplied to the battery system increases more than the current from the power generation facility (1);

[0294] A load unit (4) connected to the above battery system and using power from the power generation facility (1);

[0295] A feedback switch unit (123) capable of switching the contact point so that the negative (-) terminal of the power generation facility (1) can be connected to the positive (+) terminal of the battery system or the negative (-) terminal of the battery system;

[0296] A feedback switch control unit (122) that determines the contact point switching connection position of the feedback switch unit (123);

[0297] A feedback switch control unit (122) determines the contact point switching connection position of the feedback switch unit (123) and discloses a configuration for switching control so that charging power is supplied from the power generation facility (1) to the battery system at maximum power.

[0298] Here, the battery system or load unit (4) and the MPPT charger (33) may further include an MPPT output current detection unit (121) that detects a charging current, and the feedback switch control unit (122) may be configured as a first control method that switches the contact point of the feedback switch unit (123) by comparing the magnitude change from the MPPT output current detection unit (121).

[0299] Additionally, the system may be configured with a second control method in which the feedback switch unit (123) is switched ON when the voltage of the power generation facility (1) is higher than the charging voltage of the battery system, and the feedback switch unit (123) is switched OFF when the voltage of the power generation facility (1) is lower than the charging voltage of the battery system. By applying this first or second control method to switch the feedback switch unit (123), the voltage input to the MPPT charger (33) can always be maintained higher than the voltage of the battery system within a preset maximum input allowable range.

[0300] In the present invention, the feedback switch control unit (122) may be configured with a third control method that applies the first control method and the second control method in combination.

[0301] The operation of the above Fig. 29 is explained as follows.

[0302] The MPPT charger (33) is a charger characterized by converting the difference between the module voltage and the battery system voltage into current to control the charging current to increase, and includes, for example, a maximum power point control (MPPT) function that controls the power of the solar module to always supply the maximum power to the battery. However, this function is effective only when the module voltage is higher than the battery voltage, and otherwise, it may have performance inferior to that of a PWM charger.

[0303] In the first control method of the present invention, when the module voltage decreases and the battery charging current decreases, the MPPT output current detection unit (121) detects the decrease phenomenon and supplies it to the feedback switch control unit (122), and accordingly, the feedback switch unit (123) is turned ON to switch the connection of the contact point.

[0304] In addition, in the second control method of the present invention, the feedback switch control unit (122) directly detects the difference between the module voltage and the battery voltage, and through this, when the module voltage becomes lower than the voltage required for battery charging, the feedback switch unit (123) is turned ON to switch the connection of the contact point.

[0305] In the third control method of the present invention, when the charging current decreases and the module voltage becomes lower than the voltage required for battery charging (requested charging voltage), the feedback switch unit (123) can be turned ON to switch the connection of the contact point.

[0306] When the feedback switch (123) is turned ON, the battery voltage (b) and the module voltage (a) are connected in series, and a voltage of (a+b) is supplied to the input terminal of the MPPT charger (33). For example, if the battery voltage is 24V and the module voltage is 22V, a voltage of 24V + 22V = 46V is supplied to the MPPT input terminal.

[0307] Therefore, charging that could not be done at 22V is boosted to 46V, allowing charging to take place.

[0308] In addition, since this voltage is converted into a current greater than the voltage required for battery charging (e.g., 29.2V) in the MPPT charger (33) and the battery is charged with the increased current, the module voltage boosting through feedback switching is beneficial.

[0309] However, this configuration is an example of an embodiment that differs in some respects from the control of the linear power pump unit in terms of voltage supplementation method, in that the negative (-) voltage of the module (1) becomes 0V when the feedback switch unit (123) is OFF and becomes, for example, 24V when the feedback switch unit (123) is ON, in the form of a shock wave. The shock wave can be practically applied by smoothing it in the MPPT charger (33) and applying hysteresis control so that the contact point switching occurs at long intervals.

[0310] The feedback switch (123) is shown as a mechanical contact in FIG. 29, but since this is merely a conceptual principle, it can be replaced with semiconductor devices such as IGBTs and FETs.

[0312] In the terminology of the present invention,

[0313] Maintaining the maximum power point means detecting the current flowing from the module (1) and maintaining the maximum value of the remaining effective current after offsetting the current consumed by the power pump unit. The detection of this maximum effective current value is handled by the effective current detection unit. At this time, maximum power point tracking may be performed by finding the maximum power point through repeated feedback control, for example, where if the change value of the module voltage and the change value of the effective current increase together, the power pump unit decreases the output voltage to release the module current from a runaway state, and if the change value of the module voltage and the change value of the effective current increase or decrease in opposite directions, the power pump unit increases the output voltage to control the module current to runaway state, and then maintaining or tracking the output voltage of the power pump unit around the maximum power point.

[0314] If the output voltage of the power pump unit is reflected instead of the module voltage, the output voltage of the power pump unit can be detected by reversing it, and in either case, it is possible to configure the system to activate or stop the current surge. In the present invention, the case where it is reflected as is is illustrated as △V, and the case where it is reflected in reverse is illustrated as △-V.

[0315] The logical circuit configuration of the current surge control unit of the present invention may be formed as a logic circuit including at least one combination of AND, NAND, NOR, EXOR, and NOT, or may be achieved using a programming language utilizing an FPGA chip. It may also be achieved through the configuration of a microcontroller and its program.

[0316] The output voltage of the power pump unit described above can be observed to infer whether the power pump unit is being controlled through a voltage or ripple change of at least one of analog DC or pulsating DC at the output terminal, and such observation can be performed using an LED or an oscilloscope probe. Additionally, it can be configured as a check mechanism during mass production using a jig or other fixtures.

[0317] The above-mentioned power pump unit may include a configuration for setting an upper output voltage limit to restrict the maximum value of the voltage output from the module. In this case, it is advantageous to mount it in a package form to each module exclusively for a specific module.

[0318] The above power pump system may be configured with a communication path that is combined with a data communication node or server to monitor at least one of the voltage, current, and power of the said and adjacent modules and to remotely block and control the module path.

[0319] The power pump unit (30) may be configured in a selective manner, such as being connected to each module array in parallel, being a device integrated into the entire parallel module array, or any other form.

[0321] The present invention may be configured to control the set voltage of the DC voltage maximum value limiting unit or monitor the operating status of the power pump unit or the optimizing unit by linking with a remote monitoring and control network unit, such as LoRa, LTE, or WiFi (not shown). In this case, it is preferable that the monitoring point basically includes the output terminal of the power pump unit or the optimizing unit and the output of the effective current detection unit, i.e., the effective current value. Furthermore, the invention may include a configuration for controlling operation and stopping automatically or remotely by detecting this and, when the operation of the power pump unit or the optimizing unit is stopped when the effective current is below a certain level, operating in sleep mode and periodically waking up. In the present invention, the monitoring or control function of the discharge initiation voltage and the discharge termination voltage may also be controlled remotely.

[0322] The present invention may include an automatic fire detection control unit (not shown) that detects the temperature of the module or the ambient temperature and cuts off the power line connection system of the module itself when the temperature exceeds a certain level. In the present invention, the power of the power pump unit may be supplied from the module (1), a battery, or other solar power or commercial power rectifiers. In addition, it may also be supplied from heterogeneous renewable energy generation facilities.

[0323] In the present invention, the detection of output voltage, determination of whether it is lower than the set voltage, detection of △I, and timer wake-up can be performed not only by software algorithms but also by hardware chips in an independent or combined configuration.

[0324] For example, detection of output voltage and determination of whether it is lower than a set voltage can be performed using an operational amplifier, and detection of △I can be performed using a combination of the aforementioned gates or flip-flops or a microcontroller or FPGA program. △V and △-V can be implemented circuitously by utilizing the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier.

[0325] As can be seen in the oscilloscope screen shown in the photographs in Fig. 16 of the present invention, the present invention utilizes high-speed pulses in the mS range, thereby exhibiting an ultra-high speed that cannot possibly be matched by the speed of minutes or more at which MPPT is operated based on existing software, and in particular, it demonstrates the performance of drastically reducing the current consumption of at least 100 mA in the existing CPU to 10 mA.

[0326] As illustrated in Fig. 16, the high duty rate / low duty rate can be considered as a rising current surge command if it is wider than the 50% duty rate, and as a falling current surge command if it is narrower. For example, the power pump unit can be configured to be controlled by the average of the 20% and 80% duty rate signals by using only these signals and outputting them alternately.

[0327] Instantaneous edge detection can be configured using a hardware-based sample hold and / or a comparison circuit using an unbalanced time constant. In the case of software using a microcontroller, it can be configured to be achieved by utilizing sampling data.

[0328] The mixing circuit may calculate the average of duty signals with opposite polarity, or calculate the value as the average of wide or narrow duty signals based on a 50% standard. The charge pump connected to the downstream end of the mixing circuit may output a smoothed DC signal to be used as a control signal for the power pump section, or code it with an encoder and use it directly in the power pump section, or convert it back to a decoder in the power pump section for use.

[0329] The current output of the power pump unit may include a through-type property linked to the current of the photovoltaic module; therefore, the optimizer of the present invention can be mounted in an integrated form that is structurally coupled to the module. That is, by utilizing the characteristic of the power pump unit of the present invention to detect and control instantaneous power, it can be applied as a free voltage for multiple types of module voltages. Furthermore, by utilizing a configuration that limits the maximum voltage, it can be formed as an integrated set structurally closely attached to the solar cell module. When the present invention is applied to an integrated string combining multiple modules in parallel, the effect of simplifying the equipment can be achieved. Of course, it can also be applied to a series string of individual modules. In either case, the maximum current passing through the module can exhibit a free-current characteristic that depends on the solar irradiance.

[0331] In the present invention, the generation of an asynchronous duty signal may include at least one asynchronous signal among PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), PPM (Pulse Position Modulation), PTM (Pulse Timing Modulation), or PFM (Pulse Forming Modulation) generated therefrom by applying an AND logic series to a rising command and an OR logic series including NOT logic to a falling command within an initial edge timing range when there is a change value of the effective current (IP3).

[0332] Here, the asynchronous signal refers to a current surge command signal, and specifically includes signal properties observed as irregular interval or irregular level output voltage (VP3) as a result of being controlled by the load or solar cell module environment.

[0333] In the present invention, the effective current detection (IP3) may utilize a voltage drop technique using a resistance sensor or a magnetic detection method using a Hall sensor, and may additionally utilize an insulation method using a photocoupler, etc.

[0334] The DC voltage maximum value limiting unit (61) according to the present invention includes a configuration that allows the operation of the current surge control unit up to an open voltage point (Voc) or limits it at Voc, wherein if it includes allowing, it generates the output of the power pump unit even when it exceeds the Voc level, and if it includes limiting, it may include a configuration that increases the output of the power pump unit up to the Voc level.

[0335] The above power pump operation control unit (50) may include a configuration that switches the operation switch (30-6) of the power pump unit to off when the load voltage is lower than the maximum power point voltage.

[0336] Current surge is a concept based on the detection value of the active current detection unit, but when based on the output voltage of the power pump unit, it becomes a voltage surge. Also, since power is the product of voltage and current, considering this principle, the term "current surge" in the terminology of the present invention is defined as a concept that includes the action of voltage surge or power surge.

[0338] In terms of industrial applicability, the configuration of the present invention may be implemented as a module array incorporating a power pump unit or an optimizing unit, or may be implemented as a structure integrated into at least one of a charging control device, a distribution board, a junction box, or an inverter constituting a photovoltaic power generation facility. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a battery discharge and a load-side switch box. An embodiment of the present invention is preferably configured as a system combined with a plurality of modules or as a module-integrated type.

[0339] Meanwhile, the above-mentioned current surge control unit may be an independent product with a structure connected to the power pump unit. In this case, the current surge control unit becomes a power pump surge control device that controls the output (voltage or current) of the power pump unit to prevent surge.

[0341] Since the surge pulse described in the specification of the present invention is a problem that occurs even during general commercial power charging, the surge pulse detection and control unit or the fluid pulse detection and control unit can be applied as a solution to resolve the issue when surge pulses occur in rectifier-type chargers using not only solar power but also other renewable energy sources such as wind power, and furthermore, commercial power.

[0342] Therefore, in the present invention, the expressions "solar power" or "new and renewable energy" may also be applied to rectified batteries that utilize commercial power or emergency generator power where surge pulses are generated.

[0344] In the present invention, the configuration for connecting a dummy load to reduce surge pulses may be implemented by additionally connecting a battery instead of the dummy load to bypass the charging current, thereby reducing surge pulses and further expanding the extra battery capacity.

[0345] In other words, it can be implemented in a configuration where an additional n-th battery is added in addition to the first and second batteries and connected additionally, just like connecting a dummy load.

[0347] FIG. 30 is a series of enlarged photographs of Photograph 1 and Photograph 2 of FIG. 16, showing that the operation of the current surge control unit (40) can be verified at the output terminal of the power pump unit (30).

[0348] Referring to the related FIGS. 15 and 16,

[0349] A current surge control unit (40) for controlling a “power pump unit (30) connected to supply a serial output voltage (VP3) to a solar module (1)” is,

[0350] A voltage fluctuation detection control unit (40-1, 40-3, 40-5) that detects the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) supplied to the module (1) as △V (voltage fluctuation component);

[0351] A current fluctuation detection control unit (40-2, 40-4, 40-6) that detects a fluctuation in the effective current (IP3) supplied from the solar module to the charging battery (load side) as △I (current fluctuation component); and

[0352] It includes a configuration for changing the output voltage of the power pump unit (30) using the control output (40-8) of the current surge control unit (40) which combines the voltage fluctuation detection control unit and the current fluctuation detection control unit (40-7).

[0353] Here, the current surge control unit (40) controls the power pump unit (30) whenever the power (voltage or current) of the solar module (1) is changed or whenever the resistance value of the load terminal (4) is changed while the module power is stabilized, so that the output voltage (VP3) of the power pump unit (30) appears in the form of a pulsating current that changes in response to the instantaneous surge signal.

[0354] Ultimately, it becomes possible to determine whether the current surge module is being applied by observing the fluctuation pattern of the pulsating output voltage of the power pump unit (30), which is observed with an oscilloscope or the like, in response to changes in the light power supplied to the module (1) or the resistance value of the load terminal.

[0355] That is, the control output (40-8) of the current surge control unit (40), which combines the voltage fluctuation detection control unit and the current fluctuation detection control unit (40-7), can be controlled to generate a control signal that increases or decreases depending on the result of detecting an increase or decrease in the amount of change of △I at the time of change of △V by inputting the time of change of △V and the amount of change of △I, and the appearance of such control can be observed by connecting an oscilloscope, etc. to the output terminal of the power pump unit (30).

[0357] To explain further with reference to the photographs in Fig. 30,

[0358] In FIG. 30, the third trace from the top to the bottom in Photograph 1 is the output voltage (VP3) of the power pump unit (30). Normally, when the voltage fluctuation detection control unit and the current fluctuation detection control unit are in balance, this voltage acts as a regular wave in the form of a pulsating current with a gentle amplitude and period. However, especially when the voltage of the load terminal (4) suddenly fluctuates, the digital control time width of the internal current surge control unit (40) changes from (a) to (b) or from (b) to (a), and accordingly, a wave of an unspecified amplitude and period occurs in the pulsating voltage shown in the third trace from the top, responding to the moment of fluctuation. Photograph 1 is a photograph showing the relationship between the internal digital control of the current surge control unit (40) and the resulting fluctuation of the pulsating output voltage outside the power pump unit (30).

[0360] In addition, Photo 2 of Fig. 30 focuses on the initial startup state when the power supply, which is in the OFF state (the power supply refers to when it is connected as a substitute for a module), is turned ON.

[0361] In the initial startup, the current surge control unit (40) starts digital control with an amplitude of (aa). Accordingly, as seen in the third trace from the top, the pulsating voltage (VP3), which is the output of the power pump unit (30), rises significantly and maintains the rise time until a constant current flows to the load terminal, then reaches (bb) and narrows the width of the digital control, and as the width narrows to (bb), the pulsating voltage also decreases and maintains a stable state thereafter.

[0362] That is, in the initial stage of power input, the current surge control unit (40) makes the rise time width (aa) longer than the normal oscillation time width (bb) so that the output voltage of the power amplifier (30) increases, thereby tracking the maximum power as △I. To verify this operation, the operation of the current surge control unit (40) can be immediately known simply by observing Photograph 2 (the third trace from the top) which is observed from the outside, without having to reverse engineer the internal circuit or software.

[0363] Photograph 2 of the present invention shows that the current surge module is operating with ultra-high-speed tracking of at least 1 mS in a 5 mS time width screen. However, since this time can be practically extended to seconds for operation, the time width is not limited.

[0364] In short, by testing and measuring the external system configuration of the power pump unit (30) connected to such a module (1) and the load unit (4), the operation of the current surge control unit (40) included therein can be inferred. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether there is a conflict with the scope of rights without internal circuit analysis.

[0366] Taking these principles into account, if we summarize FIGS. 15, 16, and 30,

[0367] The current surge control unit (40) of the present invention is linked to the power pump unit (30) in the following test environment and controls the output of the power pump unit (30) so that it matches the maximum power point between the load unit (4) and the module (1).

[0368] Power pump unit (30) in which one side of the output voltage is supplied to the solar module in the form of a pulsating voltage;

[0369] Solar module (1);

[0370] Load unit (4) using an electronic loader;

[0371] In a state where the solar module (1) and the power pump unit (30) are connected in series and connected in a loop so that the power output from them is supplied to the load unit (4),

[0372] When changing the electronic loader settings of the load section (4), the output voltage of the power pump section (30) responds in a form in which at least one of the amplitude and period of the pulsating voltage ripple changes.

[0373] It can be organized into a new and renewable energy optimizer including a current surge control unit (40) that tracks and matches the maximum power supply from the module (1) within the load terminal voltage change range between the maximum power point voltage and the open voltage of the module (1).

[0374] At this time, the reaction speed is practically desirable to be about 1 to 3 seconds, but since this reaction speed can be set from a few ms to several s in consideration of preventing hunting and when applied to moving objects, the specific range is not limited.

[0376] In this experimental configuration, by comparing and observing the power of the module (1) and the load power of the electronic loader, it is possible to verify a configuration in which the power supplied to the electronic loader is maintained at maximum power within the range of Voc to Vmpp of the module (1) while varying the voltage of the electronic loader of the load section (4).

[0377] That is, since operating to maintain the maximum power point in the above test environment means that the power pump unit (30) is operated by the current surge control unit (40) which controls within 1 second, when the power pump unit (30) including the current surge control unit (40) is connected to the module (1), the module (1) will always supply power of a uniform voltage to the load at maximum power without distinguishing between the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp).

[0378] This indicates that, unlike conventional MPPT chargers that supply maximum power limited to a specific battery voltage, the power pump driven by current surge is a new technology applicable to free-voltage loads.

[0379] Here, the electronic loader can be set and tested in the appropriate optimal way among CC, CV, and CR modes.

[0381] The above-mentioned current surge control device is structured to be linked to a power pump and can be industrialized as an independent product. For example, after a business entity named A produces the current surge control device, it can be supplied to business entities B and C, ..., which produce power pump devices.

[0382] Taking this into consideration, if the current surge control unit of the present invention is reorganized in terms of the device concept,

[0383] Solar modules ;

[0384] Load side (can additionally connect a battery);

[0385] A power pump unit comprising a configuration that receives starting power from the solar module (or the battery), supplies a supplementary voltage (V) to the solar module, and supplies an output current (I) to the load terminal;

[0386] Connected to the control input terminal of the above power pump unit,

[0387] The power pump runaway control device can be reorganized into a configuration that controls the output of the power pump unit to track the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic module by causing the power pump unit to run wild until the change value (△V) of the supplementary voltage (V) and the change value (△I) of the output current (I) are inverted to opposite phases.

[0388] In other words, the current runaway control unit in the specification of the present invention can be an industrial product as a power pump runaway control device that controls the output (voltage or current) of the power pump unit during runaway.

[0390] FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment in which a charging controller (3+), a power pump unit (30), a wp1 exchange switch unit, a second exchange switch unit, and a switching exchange control unit are integrated within a single charger (3a). In particular, FIG. 31 is an embodiment in which the charger (3a) is configured such that the first exchange switch unit (200-11, 200-1n) and the second exchange switch unit (200-21, 200-2n) are configured as electronic switches and integrated with the PWM control unit (3+), and then configured to be linked to the (-) path of the module (a), battery (b1, bn), and load unit (b2).

[0391] As they are connected to the (-) path, in FIG. 31, it is desirable to alternately connect 90, 80-2, and 80-1 to Ground_1 or Ground_2, respectively, or to separate Ground_1 and Ground_2 by isolation.

[0392] Block 30 refers to the power pump unit (30) illustrated in FIG. 14. This power pump unit may be connected as a single unit in common, or it may be divided into multiple units and interconnected as shown in FIG. 31.

[0394] In the charger (3a) of Fig. 31, the charging control unit (3+) refers to a configuration in which a switching exchange control unit is added to the PWM for charging control.

[0395] That is, the FET (200-11) path that inputs a pulse or DC to the gate operates for battery charging, and the FET (200-1n) that does not receive a signal to the gate has its drain and source open. Accordingly, the charging control + switching exchange control functions are integrated.

[0396] Likewise, in the discharge system, the charging control unit (3+) of Fig. 31 is controlled by a second exchange switch unit that operates in an alternating manner with the first exchange switch unit, and accordingly, the FET (200-21) and FET (200-2n) operate as a switching exchange unit function that is controlled alternately so that they are not simultaneously connected to the same battery system.

[0397] Through this configuration, the charging battery and the discharging battery operate alternately or, in some cases, combined, making it possible to operate deep-cycle batteries.

[0399] In summary, Figure 31 (3a) is a diagram showing that a configuration for controlling charge and discharge of the battery through deep cycling while relieving surge voltage can be structurally accommodated within a single charger.

[0400] In the same way, the case of (100) which exchanges and connects commercial power at the inverter output terminal can also be physically integrated into the charger (3a).

[0401] In FIG. 31, the power pump unit (30) may be excluded and implemented depending on the case.

[0402] In the description of Fig. 31, the FET can be replaced by various devices such as TR, IGBT, and SCR that are typically implemented using semiconductors.

[0404] FIG. 32 shows the core configuration of an integrated charger (3a) in the case where a module, battery, and inverter are connected to a (-) path (a, b1, bn, b2) without a power pump unit (30) in FIG. 31.

[0405] The specific operation of the circuit has been explained previously, so it will be omitted.

[0407] Meanwhile, the components of the aforementioned embodiments can be easily identified from a process perspective. That is, each component can be identified as a separate process. Additionally, the processes of the aforementioned embodiments can be easily identified from the perspective of the device components. When configured as a device, it may include a chip in the form of an ASIC (Application Software IC).

[0408] In addition, the technical contents described above can be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium.

[0409] The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., either alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be those specifically designed and configured for the embodiments, or may be those known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes; optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magneto-optical media such as floptical disks; and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. Examples of program instructions include machine code, such as that generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. The hardware device may be configured by combining one or more software modules or hardware chips to perform the operation of the embodiments. Industrial applicability

[0410] The embodiments of the present invention described above are disclosed for illustrative purposes only, and those skilled in the art with ordinary knowledge of the present invention may make various modifications, changes, and additions within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications, changes, and additions should be considered to fall within the scope of the following claims.

[0411] In particular, although the detailed description of the present invention specification has been explained using the case of a solar cell module as an example, it can be utilized in various ways for charging a battery (ESS) added to compensate for intermittent natural energy.

[0412] The present invention can be industrialized into a hybrid or individually modularized device that organically combines and controls direct current (converter) and alternating current. Explanation of the symbols

[0413] Capacitor (13-2-1), diode (13-2-3), inductor (13-2-2) Solar cell module (1); Power pump unit (30); Load voltage (VP1); Module voltage (VP2); Power pump output voltage (VP3); Module output current (IP2); Active current, active current detection unit (IP3); Voltage deviation (△V, △-V); Current deviation (△I); Power deviation (△W); Battery (2); Subordinate unit (4); Current surge control unit (40); BuckConverter(30-1, 30-2, 30-3, 30-4, 30-5); Buck converter operating switch (30-6); Instantaneous edge detection unit (40-1, 40-2); Rising current surge command unit (40-3); Rising current surge stop command unit (40-4); Mixing balance section (40-7); Filtering section (40-7, 40-8); Pulse detection unit (60-3); Pulse detection control unit (60); AC voltage limit section (60-1); DC voltage limit section (60-4); Power pump operation control unit (50); Bypass section (30-3, 11-2); Coil (30-4); Capacitor (30-5); MOSFET(30-1); Charging control unit (3); Pulse detection control unit (80, 90); First power supply unit (4); Second power supply unit (103); AC power switching unit (100); No-load detection unit (110); Dummy load control unit (90); Discharge initiation voltage setting unit (PT1); Discharge termination voltage setting unit (PT2); Relay (102); AC load section (112); Voltage comparator (111); Ratch (83, 93); Dummy load (94); Dummy load control unit (93); Matching interface (101); DF delay section (101-1); FD delay section (101-2); Step 1); (2000) Step 2); (2004, 2005, 2006) Step 3); (2007, 2012, 2014) Step 4); (2015) Step 5); (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011) First battery system (2-1) and second battery system (2-2); Full charge detection control unit (200); First exchange switch section (200-1, 200-11, 200-1n); Second exchange switch section (200-2, 200-22, 200-2n); Switching exchange control unit (200); Diode couplers (93-1) and (93-2); Step 1) 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004 Step 2) 3005, 3006, 3007 Step 3) 3008, 3003, 3004 Step 4) 3009, 3010, 20001, 20002, 3011, 3012, 20003, 20004

Claims

Claim 1 Power generation facility; a battery system for storing power from the power generation facility; a feedback switch unit for switching contact points so that the negative terminal of the power generation facility is connected to the positive terminal or negative terminal of the battery system; a feedback switch control unit for controlling the switching of contact points of the feedback switch unit; and an MPPT charger connected between the power generation facility and the battery system and regulating the charging voltage of the battery system. A charging optimizer for new and renewable energy, comprising an MPPT output current sensing unit that detects a current applied from the MPPT charger to the battery system or load terminal, wherein the MPPT charger controls the output power such that when the voltage of the power generation facility is greater than the voltage supplied to the battery system, the current supplied from the MPPT charger to the battery system becomes greater than the current input from the power generation facility to the MPPT charger, and the feedback switch control unit controls the contact point of the feedback switch unit so that the negative terminal of the power generation facility contacts the negative terminal of the battery system when the voltage of the power generation facility is higher than the charging demand voltage of the battery system, and controls the contact point of the feedback switch unit so that the negative terminal of the power generation facility contacts the positive terminal of the battery system when the voltage of the power generation facility is lower than the charging demand voltage of the battery system. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 delete Claim 5 A charging optimizer for new and renewable energy according to claim 1, wherein the feedback switch control unit controls the feedback switch unit so that the power generation facility and the battery system are connected in series when the voltage of the power generation facility is lower than the charging demand voltage of the battery system, and when the power generation facility and the battery system are connected in series, the sum of the voltage of the power generation facility and the voltage of the battery system is applied to the MPPT charger. Claim 6 A charging optimizer for new and renewable energy according to claim 1, wherein the MPPT charger further comprises a configuration that links a current surge control unit to control the current output from the power generation facility to surge linearly until it becomes a current corresponding to the maximum power when the flow of current from the MPPT charger to the battery system is detected, and wherein the current surge control unit weakens the surge control when the voltage of the power generation facility rises above a set range or when a surge pulse is detected in the battery system, and operates the surge control normally when the voltage of the power generation facility is within a normal range or when the surge pulse disappears. Claim 7 delete

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