Flooring system

Abstract

A flooring system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a lower layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the lower layer and having a color different from that of the lower layer; and an upper layer disposed on the intermediate layer and having a color different from that of the intermediate layer; and has a laminated structure in which the intermediate layer is exposed to the outside when the upper layer is worn out.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The flooring system according to the present embodiment relates to a flooring having a laminated structure including a plurality of layers, and more specifically, may be a flooring system that includes a lower layer, an intermediate layer and an upper layer, wherein when the upper layer is worn out, the intermediate layer is exposed to the outside so that the replacement time can be visually recognized, and which can provide a heat reflection function and a shock absorption function in an integrated manner. Background Technology

[0003] Existing elastic flooring materials have been manufactured using waste tires or rubber chips, but they are limited to simple material recycling and lack differentiation in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, existing elastic flooring materials have persistent problems that remain unresolved, such as gaps forming between layers as they are used on-site, excessive surface temperature rising in high-temperature summer environments causing heat generation, and the emission of a characteristic rubber odor.

[0004] Specifically, conventional multi-layer flooring materials rely on adhesives for interlayer bonding; however, adhesive-based bonding has structural limitations, as adhesive strength deteriorates due to thermal expansion in high-temperature environments, moisture penetration, and repetitive loading and impact, leading to interlayer delamination. This delamination causes lifting of the flooring, corner damage, and the infiltration of foreign substances, which shortens the lifespan of the flooring and can be a cause of safety accidents.

[0005] Furthermore, while a method of coating the surface with heat-reflective paint has been proposed as an attempt to mitigate the urban heat island effect in existing elastic flooring, surface coating alone is insufficient to effectively block heat accumulation within the flooring, and there are limitations in that the heat-reflective function deteriorates rapidly if the coating layer is lost due to wear. Moreover, if a separate heat-reflective layer is laminated, the risk of interlayer delamination increases with the number of layers, resulting in a trade-off where it is difficult to simultaneously ensure durability and heat-reflective function.

[0006] Furthermore, it is difficult to immediately assess the degree of wear on existing resilient flooring visually, making it challenging to determine the optimal replacement time. This can lead to unnecessary waste of maintenance budgets or compromise safety. This issue stems from the fact that existing flooring consists of a single layer, or even in multi-layer structures, each layer possesses the same or similar color, preventing visual changes associated with wear. Measuring wear depth requires specialized equipment or personnel, which increases maintenance costs and hinders timely replacement.

[0007] Consequently, conventional elastic flooring technology has individually addressed three challenges: (1) visual recognition of wear progress, (2) effective mitigation of the heat island effect, and (3) ensuring durability by preventing interlayer delamination. However, no integrated technological solution capable of simultaneously solving these challenges has been presented. In particular, simply stacking layers responsible for each function leads to secondary problems such as increased risk of delamination due to the increase in the number of layers, complexity of the manufacturing process, and increased costs, making it difficult to adopt as a practical solution.

[0008] Furthermore, it is difficult to immediately assess the degree of wear on existing elastic flooring visually, making it difficult to determine when to replace it; this can lead to unnecessary waste of maintenance budgets or hinder the assurance of safety. The problem to be solved

[0010] The present embodiment aims to overcome the limitations of the aforementioned prior art and to provide an integrated flooring system capable of simultaneously solving three challenges—wear visibility, heat insulation, and prevention of interlayer delamination—without conflict.

[0011] The problem that this embodiment aims to solve is to provide a flooring system that overcomes the limitations of single-layer or homochromatic multilayer structures, enabling immediate visual recognition of the degree of wear on the flooring so that the replacement time can be easily determined.

[0012] Another problem that this embodiment aims to solve is to provide a flooring system capable of reducing surface temperature to mitigate the urban heat island effect without losing heat insulation function due to wear, by overcoming the limitations of surface coating methods.

[0013] Another problem that this embodiment aims to solve is to provide a flooring system that can improve durability by overcoming the limitations of adhesive-dependent bonding methods and preventing interlayer delamination through physical anchoring while providing shock absorption capabilities.

[0014] Another problem that this embodiment aims to solve is to provide a flooring system that can simplify the manufacturing process and ensure cost efficiency without increasing the risk of delamination due to an increase in the number of layers by implementing the three aforementioned functions within a single laminated structure. means of solving the problem

[0016] A flooring system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a lower layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the lower layer and having a color different from that of the lower layer; and an upper layer disposed on the intermediate layer and having a color different from that of the intermediate layer; and has a laminated structure in which the intermediate layer is exposed to the outside when the upper layer is worn out.

[0017] The lower layer may contain waste EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) having a closed-cell structure in an amount of 30 wt% or more and 50 wt% or less relative to the total weight of the lower layer.

[0018] The above lower layer may have a Shore A hardness of 10 or more and 20 or less.

[0019] The above intermediate layer is a red or yellow warning color layer, and the color difference between the intermediate layer and the upper layer E can be 20 or more.

[0020] The upper layer above includes an IR reflective pigment, and the total solar reflectance (TSR) of the upper layer may be 30% or more.

[0021] The thickness of the upper layer may be 0.5 mm or more.

[0022] The apparatus further includes a penetration region formed between the lower layer and the intermediate layer, wherein the penetration region may be formed by at least a portion of the material of the layer adjacent to the upper surface of the lower layer penetrating into the voids of the lower layer to a depth of 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less.

[0023] The above penetration area can form an anchoring structure within the surface voids of the lower layer.

[0024] The lower layer is an elastic layer, the middle layer is an indicator layer that is exposed when the upper layer is worn out to indicate the time for replacement, and the upper layer may include an IR reflective pigment. Effects of the invention

[0026] According to the flooring system of the present embodiment, when the upper layer wears out, the warning color of the middle layer is exposed to the outside, allowing the replacement time to be intuitively identified, thereby preventing waste of maintenance budget and enabling timely replacement.

[0027] In addition, according to the flooring system of the present embodiment, the thermal insulation effect of the IR reflective pigment included in the upper layer and the waste EVA in the lower layer is combined to reduce the surface temperature by about 5°C, thereby mitigating the urban heat island phenomenon.

[0028] In addition, according to the flooring system of the present embodiment, waste EVA having a closed-cell structure (independent cell structure) in the lower layer provides a shock absorption function, and a physical anchoring structure in the penetration area fundamentally prevents interlayer delamination, thereby extending the performance life by about twofold. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0030] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the stacked structure of a flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, showing the arrangement of a lower layer (110), a penetration area (115), an intermediate layer (120), and an upper layer (130). FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the state in which the upper layer (130) is worn away and the middle layer (120) is exposed in a flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, showing a state in which the thickness after wear is reduced compared to the initial thickness (0.5 mm or more), and the penetration area (115) is formed between the lower layer (110) and the middle layer (120) to maintain an anchoring structure. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the anchoring structure of the penetration area (115) in the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, showing the state in which the material or binder of the layer adjacent to the upper surface of the lower layer (110) has penetrated into the pores of the Closed-cell structure (independent cell structure) of the lower layer (110). FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the functional layer configuration of a flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, showing that the penetration area (115) is located between the lower layer (110) and the middle layer (120), the surface temperature is reduced by about 5°C, and the performance lifespan is extended by about 2 times. FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram illustrating a quantitative dual curing process of a flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, showing four steps of applying a lower layer (110), determining a curing state (semi-cure state (partially cured state) or tack-free state (surface non-adhesive state)), applying an intermediate layer (120), and applying an upper layer (130), and includes a process of forming a penetration area (115) and an anchoring effect. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0031] The flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may have a laminated structure including a lower layer (110), a penetration area (115), an intermediate layer (120), and an upper layer (130). Referring to FIG. 1, in the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, the lower layer (110) is positioned at the bottom in the Z-axis direction, a penetration area (115) is formed on the upper surface of the lower layer (110), an intermediate layer (120) is positioned above the penetration area (115), and an upper layer (130) may be positioned above the intermediate layer (120).

[0032] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, the lower layer (110) according to the present embodiment may contain waste EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) having a closed-cell structure (independent cell structure) in an amount of 30 wt% or more and 50 wt% or less relative to the total weight of the lower layer (110). Waste EVA may be obtained from waste generated in the shoe industry or packaging industry and may maintain a foam form having an independent cell structure. If the waste EVA content of the lower layer (110) is less than 30 wt%, the shock absorption performance may be reduced, and if it exceeds 50 wt%, the mechanical strength of the lower layer (110) may decrease, thereby reducing structural stability.

[0033] In another embodiment, the bottom layer (110) according to the present embodiment may include a urethane-based binder. The urethane-based binder may include polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or moisture-curing polyurethane. The bottom layer (110) containing the urethane-based binder may have excellent abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength, and may be mixed with waste EVA or rubber chips to be used as an elastic paving material. As an example, the bottom layer (110) may contain 20 wt% or more and 40 wt% or less of polyurethane binder and 60 wt% or more and 80 wt% or less of waste EVA or rubber chips. The flooring system (100) containing the urethane-based binder may meet the standards of six types of elastic paving materials (urethane elastic paving materials) specified in KS F 3888-2.

[0034] In another embodiment, the lower layer (110) according to the present embodiment may include a non-urethane binder that does not contain urethane. The non-urethane binder may include EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber), NR (Natural Rubber), CR (Chloroprene Rubber), NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), silicone binder, acrylic binder, epoxy binder, or a combination thereof. As an example, the lower layer (110) may be made of EPDM rubber chips as the main material and bonded with an acrylic or epoxy binder that does not contain polyurethane. Such a non-urethane flooring system (100) may reduce the generation of urethane-specific odors and may be suitable for user environments sensitive to urethane.

[0035] In another embodiment, the lower layer (110) or the upper layer (130) according to the present embodiment may include a silicone-based binder or an acrylic-based binder. Silicone-based binders have excellent heat resistance and weather resistance, making them suitable for high-temperature environments or outdoor environments with severe UV exposure. Acrylic-based binders have a fast drying speed and can be manufactured as a water-based type, making them environmentally friendly and capable of reducing VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions. As an example, the upper layer (130) may be implemented as a heat-insulating coating layer in which an IR reflective pigment is dispersed in an acrylic-based binder.

[0036] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may have a hybrid structure in which a plurality of different binder materials are applied differently in each layer. As an example, the lower layer (110) may include a mixture of waste EVA and EPDM, the middle layer (120) may include a polyurethane-based binder, and the upper layer (130) may include an acrylic-based binder. This hybrid structure can maximize shock absorption, interlayer bonding, and thermal insulation functions, respectively, by selectively applying materials optimized for the function of each layer.

[0037] Referring to FIG. 3, the lower layer (110) according to the present embodiment may have a Shore A hardness of 10 or more and 20 or less. If the Shore A hardness is less than 10, the lower layer (110) may become excessively soft, which may reduce dimensional stability, and if it exceeds 20, the shock absorption performance may be reduced. In one embodiment, the Shore A hardness may be in the range of 12 or more and 18 or less, and in another embodiment, it may be in the range of 14 or more and 16 or less. In the case of a track-type or athletics stadium flooring system (100), the Shore A hardness of the lower layer (110) may be adjusted to a range of 35 or more and 50 or less to provide appropriate rebound elasticity during running.

[0038] Referring to FIGS. 1 and FIGS. 4, the intermediate layer (120) according to the present embodiment may be a red or yellow warning color layer. The intermediate layer (120) can perform the function of visually indicating the time for replacement by being exposed to the outside when the thickness of the upper layer (130) decreases due to wear of the upper layer (130). Color difference between the intermediate layer (120) and the upper layer (130). E can be 20 or more, so that the color change due to wear can be clearly perceived with the naked eye. This dichromatic multilayer structure can provide a wear visualization function that could not be achieved with conventional single-layer or homochromatic multilayer structures. In another embodiment, the intermediate layer (120) may have orange, fluorescent green, fluorescent pink, or other high-luminosity warning colors in addition to red and yellow.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 2, in a flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment, when the upper layer (130) is worn out, the middle layer (120) may be exposed to the outside. The initial thickness of the upper layer (130) may be 0.5 mm or more, and when the thickness of the upper layer (130) decreases to less than 0.5 mm due to wear, the warning color of the middle layer (120) may be visually transmitted through the upper layer (130) or directly exposed. In another embodiment, the thickness of the upper layer (130) may be in the range of 0.5 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, and in an environment where high wear resistance is required, it may be in the range of 2.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less.

[0040] Referring to FIGS. 1 and FIGS. 4, the upper layer (130) according to the present embodiment may include an IR reflective pigment. The IR reflective pigment can suppress the rise in surface temperature of the flooring system (100) by reflecting solar radiation energy in the near-infrared region. The total solar reflectance (TSR) of the upper layer (130) may be 30% or more, thereby reducing the surface temperature by about 5°C. The IR reflective pigment may include titanium oxide (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide (CeO₂), complex inorganic color pigments (CICP), infrared reflective ceramic particles, or a combination thereof. Unlike conventional surface coating methods, in the present embodiment, the IR reflective pigment is embedded in the upper layer (130) itself, so the heat insulation function may not be rapidly lost even if wear progresses.

[0041] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, a flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may include a penetration area (115) formed between a lower layer (110) and an intermediate layer (120). The penetration area (115) may be formed by at least a portion of the material of a layer adjacent to the upper surface of the lower layer (110) penetrating into the voids of the lower layer (110). The penetration depth of the penetration area (115) may be in the range of 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less. If the penetration depth is less than 1 mm, the anchoring effect may be insufficient and interlayer delamination may occur, and if it exceeds 2 mm, the shock absorption function of the lower layer (110) may be reduced.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 3, the penetration area (115) according to the present embodiment can form an anchoring structure within the surface pores of the lower layer (110). In the closed-cell structure (independent cell structure) of the lower layer (110), there may be partially open pores on the surface of the foam, and a physical anchoring structure can be formed by the material of the layer adjacent to the upper surface of the lower layer (110) penetrating into these pores and hardening. Unlike conventional adhesive-based bonding methods, this physical anchoring structure can maintain bonding strength even under thermal expansion in a high-temperature environment, moisture penetration, and repeated loads and impacts, thereby fundamentally preventing interlayer delamination.

[0043] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may be implemented as a track type (roll type or sheet type). The track type flooring system (100) may be manufactured in a factory in a roll or sheet form by pre-laminating the lower layer (110), the middle layer (120), and the upper layer (130), and may be installed on-site by unrolling or laying on a base layer. The track type flooring system (100) may be applied to the floors of athletics stadiums, jogging tracks, indoor gymnasiums, multi-purpose sports fields, or fitness centers. The width of the track type flooring system (100) may be 0.5 m or more and 2.0 m or less, the length may be 10 m or more and 50 m or less, and the total thickness may be 8 mm or more and 20 mm or less. The track type flooring system (100) may reduce construction time compared to the on-site casting type, improve quality uniformity, and facilitate easy removal and reinstallation.

[0044] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may be implemented in a tile form. The tile-type flooring system (100) may be manufactured in the form of unit modules such as squares, rectangles, or hexagons, and may be installed using an interlocking connection structure or an attachment method using adhesive. The unit module size of the tile-type flooring system (100) may be 300mm x 300mm or more and 1000mm x 1000mm or less. The tile-type flooring system (100) having an interlocking connection structure can be assembled without adhesive, making construction and removal easy and allowing for partial replacement. The tile-type flooring system (100) may be applied to children's playgrounds, fitness centers, exhibition halls, event spaces, or rooftop gardens.

[0045] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may be implemented in a mat form. The mat-type flooring system (100) may be manufactured in the form of a portable and movable unit mat and may be placed on the floor for use. The mat-type flooring system (100) may be utilized as a mat for combat sports or gymnastics competitions such as gymnastics, judo, taekwondo, and wrestling, as a play mat for infants, a camping mat, or as flooring for temporary event venues. An anti-slip layer may be additionally provided on the lower surface of the mat-type flooring system (100).

[0046] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may be implemented as a precast type. The precast flooring system (100) may be manufactured in a factory in a fully cured state, transported to the site, and installed on a base layer. The precast flooring system (100) may be manufactured in the form of blocks, plates, or curved shapes, and may be applied to ramps, stairs, curved sections, or floors with complex shapes. The precast flooring system (100) is not affected by on-site construction conditions (temperature, humidity, dust, etc.), making quality control easy and allowing for a reduction in the construction period.

[0047] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may have a multilayer structure of four or more layers. As an example, the flooring system (100) may further include one or more of a waterproof layer disposed below the lower layer (110), a reinforcing layer disposed between the lower layer (110) and the intermediate layer (120), or a surface protection layer disposed above the upper layer (130). The waterproof layer may prevent deterioration of the lower layer (110) by blocking moisture penetration, and the reinforcing layer may include a glass fiber mesh, a polyester fabric, or a non-woven fabric to improve the tensile strength and dimensional stability of the flooring system (100). The surface protection layer may include a UV stabilizer, a stain-resistant coating, or anti-slip particles.

[0048] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment is installed on a base layer, and an adhesive layer or a primer layer may be interposed between the base layer (110) and the base layer. The base layer may be concrete, asphalt, existing flooring, or a compressed crushed stone layer. The adhesive layer may include an epoxy-based, urethane-based, or acrylic-based adhesive, and the primer layer may improve the adhesion between the base layer and the base layer (110). Optionally, the track-type or tile-type flooring system (100) may be placed on the base layer without an adhesive layer, making removal and reinstallation easy.

[0049] The flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment can be applied to an athletics track. The flooring system (100) for an athletics track may have a Shore A hardness of the lower layer (110) adjusted to a range of 35 or higher and 55 or lower to provide appropriate rebound elasticity during running. The upper layer (130) of the flooring system (100) for an athletics track may include a material with improved spike resistance to minimize damage caused by spike pins. The flooring system (100) for an athletics track may meet the certification standards of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) or World Athletics.

[0050] The flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment can be applied to an indoor gymnasium. The flooring system (100) for an indoor gymnasium may be suitable for multi-purpose indoor sports such as basketball, volleyball, badminton, and handball. The upper layer (130) of the flooring system (100) for an indoor gymnasium may include a material with excellent ball bounce properties and may have surface properties that facilitate line marking. Since the importance of heat insulation function may be low in an indoor environment, the IR reflective pigment content of the upper layer (130) may be reduced or omitted, and instead, wear resistance and slip resistance may be enhanced.

[0051] The flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment can be applied to a pedestrian walkway or a bicycle path. The flooring system (100) for a pedestrian walkway can have a surface flatness suitable for the passage of wheelchairs, strollers, and walking aids while providing shock absorption and fatigue reduction during walking. The flooring system (100) for a bicycle path can ensure driving stability and energy efficiency by appropriately adjusting the coefficient of friction with bicycle tires. The upper layer (130) of the flooring system (100) for a pedestrian walkway or a bicycle path can have a drainage groove or a permeable structure for rainwater drainage.

[0052] In another embodiment, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment may be manufactured by a roll-to-roll continuous process. In the roll-to-roll continuous process, the raw material of the lower layer (110) is applied onto a release film or carrier substrate through a first coating head and may be cured to a semi-cure state (partially cured state) or a tack-free state (surface non-adhesive state) by passing through a first curing section. Subsequently, the raw material of the intermediate layer (120) is applied onto the lower layer (110) through a second coating head to form a penetration area (115) and may pass through a second curing section. Finally, the raw material of the upper layer (130) is applied through a third coating head and may be fully cured by passing through a third curing section. The finished flooring system (100) may be wound into a roll or cut to a predetermined size. The roll-to-roll continuous process is suitable for mass production and allows for precise control of the interlayer thickness and penetration depth.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 5, the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by a four-step quantitative dual curing process. In the first step, a bottom layer (110) containing waste EVA in an amount of 30 wt% or more and 50 wt% or less can be applied. In another embodiment, the bottom layer (110) can be applied by including a urethane-based binder, EPDM, SBR, or a combination thereof. In the second step, the curing state of the bottom layer (110) can be determined. The curing state of the bottom layer (110) can be determined as a semi-cure state (partially cured state) or a tack-free state (surface non-adhesive state).

[0054] Referring to FIG. 5, in the third step, an intermediate layer (120) may be applied to the upper surface of a lower layer (110) in which a cured state has been determined. During the process of applying the intermediate layer (120), at least a portion of the material of the layer adjacent to the upper surface of the lower layer (110) may penetrate into the surface pores of the lower layer (110) to a depth of 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less to form a penetration area (115). By applying the intermediate layer (120) when the lower layer (110) is in a semi-cure state (partially cured state) or a tack-free state (surface non-adhesive state), penetration of the material of the adjacent layer can occur while the surface pores of the lower layer (110) are sufficiently open, thereby effectively forming a physical anchoring structure.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 5, in the fourth step, an upper layer (130) may be applied to the upper surface of the intermediate layer (120). The upper layer (130) may include an IR reflective pigment and may achieve a total solar radiation reflectance (TSR) of 30% or more. The thickness of the upper layer (130) may be formed to be 0.5 mm or more. When the process of the fourth step is completed, the flooring system (100) may be completed.

[0056] In one embodiment, the lower layer (110) can function as an elastic layer, the middle layer (120) can function as an indicator layer that is exposed when the upper layer (130) wears out to indicate the time for replacement, and the upper layer (130) can function as a heat-insulating layer containing an IR reflective pigment. Each layer can have a different color, so that the color change according to the degree of wear can be clearly recognized by the naked eye.

[0057] The technical concept of the flooring system (100) according to the present embodiment can be equally applied to various product forms such as urethane-based elastic paving materials, non-urethane-based elastic paving materials, track-type flooring materials, tile-type flooring materials, mat-type flooring materials, and precast-type flooring materials, and the above embodiments can be combined or modified in various ways within the scope of not departing from the technical concept of the present invention.

[0058] Shore A hardness can be measured according to ASTM D2240 or an equivalent test method. Color difference E can be measured in the CIE L*a*b* color space using a spectrophotometer. Total Solar Reflectance (TSR) can be measured according to ASTM E903 or an equivalent test method. Penetration depth can be measured by observing the cross-section of the test specimen with an optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shock absorption performance can be evaluated according to ASTM F1292 (Playground Flooring), EN 14808 (Sports Flooring), or KS F 3888-2 (Resilient Pavement). The rebound elasticity of track flooring can be measured according to ASTM F2157 or World Athletics test standards.

[0059] The flooring system according to the present embodiment can be used in various industrial fields, such as school playgrounds, park walkways, children's playgrounds, athletics stadiums, jogging tracks, multi-purpose sports fields, indoor gymnasiums, fitness centers, golf driving ranges, tennis courts, basketball courts, volleyball courts, badminton courts, judo halls, taekwondo halls, wrestling halls, gymnastics arenas, flooring around swimming pools, rooftop gardens, walkways within apartment complexes, bicycle paths, bus stops, subway stations, airport terminals, exhibition halls, convention centers, event spaces, hospital corridors, nursing homes, kindergartens, daycare centers, industrial workshops, factory passageways, logistics centers, parking lots, ramps, stairs, substitutes for paving blocks, or flooring for livestock breeding facilities. In addition, the flooring system according to the present embodiment can be applied to both urethane-based elastic paving materials (KS F 3888-2 Type 6) and non-urethane-based elastic paving materials, enabling broad market application.

[0060] In this specification, "Closed-cell structure" refers to a structure in which the bubbles inside the foam are each independently closed, indicating a state in which no continuous passage is formed between the bubbles. "Semi-cure state" refers to a state in which curing is in progress but not completely completed, and has a Shore A hardness in the range of 10 or higher and 20 or lower. "Tack-free state" refers to a state in which surface tackiness is lost so that fingers or test tools do not adhere to the surface.

[0061] Where a numerical range is described in this specification as “X or greater, Y or less,” the range includes both endpoints X and Y, and can be interpreted to naturally include all partial ranges between X and Y (e.g., X or greater, Y or less, X or greater, Y or less, or any intermediate range). Where the expressions “about” or “approximately” are used before a numerical value, it can be interpreted to include a range of ±10% of that numerical value. “Material of a layer adjacent to the upper surface of a lower layer” may include a material of an intermediate layer or a separate binder. Explanation of the symbols

[0063] 100: Flooring System 110: Lower layer 115: Penetration Zone 120: Middle layer 130: Upper layer

Claims

Claim 1 A flooring system comprising: a lower layer; an intermediate layer disposed on the lower layer and having a color different from that of the lower layer; and an upper layer disposed on the intermediate layer and having a color different from that of the intermediate layer; having a laminated structure in which the intermediate layer is exposed to the outside when the upper layer is worn out; wherein the lower layer comprises waste EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) having a closed-cell structure in an amount of 30 wt% or more and 50 wt% or less relative to the total weight of the lower layer; further comprising an infiltration area formed between the lower layer and the intermediate layer, wherein the infiltration area is formed by at least a portion of the material of the layer adjacent to the upper surface of the lower layer penetrating into the pores of the lower layer to a depth of 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less, and wherein the infiltration area forms an anchoring structure within the surface pores of the lower layer. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 In claim 1, the lower layer is a flooring system having a Shore A hardness of 10 or more and 20 or less. Claim 4 In claim 1, the intermediate layer is a red or yellow warning color layer, and the color difference between the intermediate layer and the upper layer E is a flooring system with 20 or more. Claim 5 A flooring system according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer comprises an IR reflective pigment, and the total solar reflectance (TSR) of the upper layer is 30% or more. Claim 6 A flooring system according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the upper layer is 0.5 mm or more. Claim 7 delete Claim 8 delete Claim 9 A flooring system according to claim 1, wherein the lower layer is an elastic layer, the middle layer is a marking layer that is exposed upon wear of the upper layer to indicate the time for replacement, and the upper layer comprises an IR reflective pigment.

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