Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method

Abstract

A pyrolysis device comprises a fluidized bed furnace (1), a first partition wall (11) that partitions the interior of the fluidized bed furnace (1) into a pyrolysis chamber (4) and a combustion chamber (5), a second partition wall (12) that partitions the combustion chamber (5) into a main combustion chamber (6) and a sedimentation combustion chamber (7), a first aeration device (15), a second aeration device (25), and a third aeration device (35) that supply a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas, respectively, to the pyrolysis chamber (4), the main combustion chamber (6), and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), a first raw material supply device (71) that supplies a first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) in a first supply amount, a second raw material supply device (72) that supplies a second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) in a second supply amount, and an operation that independently controls the operation of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72). It is equipped with a control unit (200).

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis method for pyrolyzing a raw material in a fluidized bed furnace, and in particular, to a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis method for obtaining a pyrolysis product by pyrolyzing a raw material using internal circulation fluidized bed gasification technology. Background Technology

[0002] Fluidized bed furnaces are a treatment system that pyrolyzes raw materials, such as municipal waste and industrial waste, and then gasifies and burns them. The fluidized bed furnaces disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a structure in which the interior of the furnace is divided into a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber by partition walls. A fluidized medium circulates between the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber, and raw materials are introduced into the gasification chamber. The raw materials are heated by the fluidized medium within the gasification chamber, pyrolyzed, and then gasified. The residue of the raw materials is transported to the combustion chamber by the fluidized medium. The residue of the raw materials is burned in the combustion chamber, heating the fluidized medium. The heated fluidized medium moves into the gasification chamber and functions as a heat source within the gasification chamber. A fluidized bed furnace in which the fluidized medium circulates within the furnace in this manner is known as an internally circulating fluidized bed gasification system.

[0003] Waste plastics are typically incinerated in incinerators. Recently, there has been a growing demand to recover oil by pyrolyzing waste plastics from the perspective of reducing carbon dioxide emissions (Patent Documents 3, 4). However, it is difficult to recover oil with a high yield, and there are few commercially successful examples. The internally circulating fluidized bed gasification system described above is expected to be a technology capable of heating and pyrolyzing waste plastics within a gasification chamber and recovering organic compounds, namely oil, which are liquid at room temperature and pressure, as a pyrolysis product.

[0004] However, waste plastics have a high carbon content, resulting in the generation of a large amount of char after pyrolysis. Since this unburned carbon cannot be recovered as oil, it must be combusted within the combustion chamber. Consequently, carbon dioxide emissions increase, while the yield of pyrolysis products decreases.

[0005] Internal circulation fluidized bed gasification systems are also attracting attention as a technology for recovering various substances, including oil. In order to recover the target substance as a pyrolysis product by pyrolyzing the raw material within the gasification chamber, it is necessary to heat the raw material to an appropriate temperature within the chamber. However, the high-temperature fluid medium transferred from the combustion chamber forms localized high-temperature regions within the gasification chamber. Consequently, some of the raw material may be excessively heated by the high-temperature fluid medium, leading to the generation of unintended substances. For example, the pyrolysis of waste plastics accelerates at higher temperatures, causing them to turn into gas that is gaseous at room temperature; consequently, the yield of oil, which is liquid at room temperature, decreases. Furthermore, as temperatures rise, the conversion rate to carbons (car) increases, resulting in a decrease in the yield of pyrolysis products.

[0006] The aforementioned internally circulating fluidized bed gasification system can also be used to pyrolyze combustible materials, such as biomass, municipal waste, and organic waste, in order to recover useful substances as pyrolysis products. However, generally, biomass and municipal waste have a relatively low carbon (C) content compared to oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), so a large amount of heat is required to burn these combustible materials within the combustion chamber. Consequently, most of the carbon contained in the combustible materials is sent to the combustion chamber and consumed for combustion within it. As a result, the carbon yield within the gasification chamber is reduced. Prior art literature

[0007] Japanese Patent Publication No. 4243919, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 10-2543, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-129169, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3611306 The problem to be solved

[0008] Therefore, the present invention provides a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis method capable of increasing the yield of the intended pyrolysis product. means of solving the problem

[0009] In one embodiment, a pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing a raw material within a fluidized bed containing a flowing fluid medium is provided, comprising: a fluidized bed furnace; a first partition wall that partitions the interior of the fluidized bed furnace into a pyrolysis chamber and a combustion chamber; a second partition wall that partitions the combustion chamber into a main combustion chamber and a sedimentation combustion chamber; a first aeration device, a second aeration device, and a third aeration device that supply a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas, respectively, to the pyrolysis chamber, the main combustion chamber, and the sedimentation combustion chamber; a first raw material supply device that supplies a first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber in a first supply amount; a second raw material supply device that supplies a second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber in a second supply amount, wherein the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and the ratio of carbon to oxygen are lower than that of the first raw material; and an operation control unit that independently controls the operation of the first raw material supply device and the second raw material supply device.

[0010] In one embodiment, the operation control unit is configured to adjust the ratio of the first supply amount and the second supply amount based on the temperature in the main combustion chamber or the temperature in the sedimentation combustion chamber.

[0011] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis device further comprises a third raw material supply device that supplies the first raw material to the main combustion chamber and a fourth raw material supply device that supplies the second raw material to the main combustion chamber.

[0012] In one embodiment, the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the third aeration device so that the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0013] In one embodiment, the third aeration device comprises a wind box disposed below the settling combustion chamber, a fluidizing gas supply line connected to the wind box, a temperature controller installed in the fluidizing gas supply line, and a gas flow control valve installed in the fluidizing gas supply line, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of at least one of the temperature controller and the gas flow control valve so that the temperature inside the settling combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range.

[0014] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis device further comprises a heat recovery unit for recovering heat from a fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the heat recovery unit so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0015] In one embodiment, the heat recovery unit comprises a heat transfer tube disposed within the sedimentation combustion chamber and a refrigerant flow control valve for controlling the flow rate of a cooling medium flowing within the heat transfer tube, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the refrigerant flow control valve so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range.

[0016] In one embodiment, the third aeration device comprises a plurality of wind boxes disposed below the settling combustion chamber, a plurality of fluidizing gas supply lines each connected to the plurality of wind boxes, and a plurality of gas flow control valves each installed in the plurality of fluidizing gas supply lines, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the plurality of gas flow control valves such that the opening degrees of the plurality of gas flow control valves are different from each other.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first aeration device comprises at least one first fluidizing gas supply source for supplying the first fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis chamber, and the first fluidizing gas supply source includes at least one supply source for supplying at least one of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, steam, and nitrogen gas.

[0018] In one embodiment, a pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing a raw material in a fluidized bed containing a flowing fluid medium is provided, comprising: a fluidized bed furnace; a first partition wall that partitions the interior of the fluidized bed furnace into a pyrolysis chamber and a combustion chamber; a second partition wall that partitions the combustion chamber into a main combustion chamber and a sedimentation combustion chamber; a first aeration device, a second aeration device, and a third aeration device that supply a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas, respectively, to the pyrolysis chamber, the main combustion chamber, and the sedimentation combustion chamber; a raw material supply device that supplies a raw material to the pyrolysis chamber; a sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer that measures the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber; and an operation control unit that controls the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber.

[0019] In one embodiment, the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the third aeration device so that the measured temperature value within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0020] In one embodiment, the third aeration device comprises a wind box disposed below the settling combustion chamber, a fluidizing gas supply line connected to the wind box, a temperature controller installed in the fluidizing gas supply line, and a gas flow control valve installed in the fluidizing gas supply line, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of at least one of the temperature controller and the gas flow control valve so that a measured value of the temperature inside the settling combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range.

[0021] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis device further comprises a heat recovery unit for recovering heat from a fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the heat recovery unit so that a measured value of the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0022] In one embodiment, the heat recovery unit comprises a heat transfer tube disposed within the sedimentation combustion chamber and a refrigerant flow control valve for controlling the flow rate of a cooling medium flowing within the heat transfer tube, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the refrigerant flow control valve so that a measured value of the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range.

[0023] In one embodiment, the third aeration device comprises a plurality of wind boxes disposed below the settling combustion chamber, a plurality of fluidizing gas supply lines each connected to the plurality of wind boxes, and a plurality of gas flow control valves each installed in the plurality of fluidizing gas supply lines, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the plurality of gas flow control valves such that the opening degrees of the plurality of gas flow control valves are different from each other.

[0024] In one embodiment, the third aeration device is provided with a fluidizing gas supply source that supplies the third fluidizing gas to the settling combustion chamber, and the fluidizing gas supply source includes at least one supply source for supplying at least one of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, steam, and nitrogen gas.

[0025] In one embodiment, a pyrolysis method for pyrolyzing a raw material using a pyrolysis device in which the interior of a fluidized bed furnace containing a fluidized medium is partitioned into a pyrolysis chamber, a main combustion chamber, and a sedimentation combustion chamber, wherein a first fluidizing gas is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber to form a first fluidized bed within the pyrolysis chamber, a first raw material is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber in a first supply amount, and a second raw material, having a ratio of carbon to hydrogen and a ratio of carbon to oxygen lower than that of the first raw material, is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber in a second supply amount, the first raw material and the second raw material are pyrolyzed within the pyrolysis chamber, a second fluidizing gas is supplied to the main combustion chamber to form a second fluidized bed within the main combustion chamber, and the residue of the first raw material and the residue of the second raw material are combusted within the main combustion chamber, and a third fluidizing gas is supplied to the sedimentation combustion chamber to form a third fluidized bed within the sedimentation combustion chamber, and the fluidized medium is moved from the main combustion chamber through the sedimentation combustion chamber to the pyrolysis chamber. A method is provided.

[0026] In one embodiment, the ratio of the first supply amount to the second supply amount is controlled based on the temperature in the main combustion chamber or the temperature in the sedimentation combustion chamber.

[0027] In one embodiment, the first raw material and the second raw material are supplied to the pyrolysis chamber, and at least one of the first raw material and the second raw material is supplied to the main combustion chamber.

[0028] In one embodiment, the temperature or flow rate of the third fluidizing gas is controlled so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0029] In one embodiment, a heat transfer tube through which a cooling medium flows is arranged within the sedimentation combustion chamber, and the flow rate of the cooling medium is controlled so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0030] In one embodiment, the fluid medium forming the third fluid phase is circulated by supplying the third fluidizing gas into the sedimentation combustion chamber at different flow rates from a plurality of wind boxes disposed below the sedimentation combustion chamber.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first fluidizing gas comprises at least one of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, steam, and nitrogen gas.

[0032] In one embodiment, a pyrolysis method for pyrolyzing a raw material using a pyrolysis device in which the interior of a fluidized bed furnace containing a fluidized medium is partitioned into a pyrolysis chamber, a main combustion chamber, and a sedimentation combustion chamber is provided, wherein a first fluidizing gas is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber to form a first fluidized bed within the pyrolysis chamber, a raw material is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber, the raw material is pyrolyzed within the pyrolysis chamber, a second fluidizing gas is supplied to the main combustion chamber to form a second fluidized bed within the main combustion chamber, the residue of the raw material is combusted within the main combustion chamber, a third fluidizing gas is supplied to the sedimentation combustion chamber to form a third fluidized bed within the sedimentation combustion chamber, the fluidized medium is moved from the main combustion chamber through the sedimentation combustion chamber to the pyrolysis chamber, and the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber is controlled within a predetermined temperature range.

[0033] In one embodiment, the temperature or flow rate of the third fluidizing gas is controlled so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range.

[0034] In one embodiment, a heat transfer tube through which a cooling medium flows is arranged within the sedimentation combustion chamber, and the flow rate of the cooling medium is controlled so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range.

[0035] In one embodiment, the fluid medium forming the third fluid phase is circulated by supplying the third fluidizing gas into the sedimentation combustion chamber at different flow rates from a plurality of wind boxes disposed below the sedimentation combustion chamber. Effects of the invention

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first raw material having a high ratio of carbon to hydrogen (carbon / hydrogen ratio) and a ratio of carbon to oxygen (carbon / oxygen ratio), and a second raw material having a lower ratio of these compared to the first raw material, are simultaneously supplied into a pyrolysis chamber. The thermal energy generated from the residue of the first raw material can sufficiently heat the fluid medium in the main combustion chamber. Therefore, the amount of heat that the residue of the second raw material must retain in the main combustion chamber may be low. Consequently, the yield of the pyrolysis product from the second raw material is improved. The heated fluid medium moves from the main combustion chamber through a settling combustion chamber to the pyrolysis chamber to pyrolyze the first raw material and the second raw material.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, since the fluid medium is moved to the pyrolysis chamber after its temperature has been pre-controlled, localized high-temperature regions are not formed within the pyrolysis chamber. Consequently, the raw material is heated within the pyrolysis chamber within an appropriate temperature range, thereby improving the yield of the desired pyrolysis product (e.g., oil). Brief explanation of the drawing

[0038] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a pyrolysis device. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis device. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis device. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis device. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis device. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis device. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis device. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0040] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a pyrolysis device. The pyrolysis device illustrated in FIG. 1 is equipped with a pyrolysis chamber (4) that pyrolyzes raw materials to produce pyrolysis products, and a combustion chamber (5) that burns the residue of the pyrolyzed raw materials. The pyrolysis chamber (4) and the combustion chamber (5) are formed within a single fluidized bed furnace (1). That is, the interior of the fluidized bed furnace (1) is partitioned into the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the combustion chamber (5) by a first partition wall (11), and the combustion chamber (5) is partitioned into a main combustion chamber (6) and a sedimentation combustion chamber (7) by a second partition wall (12). The overall shape of the fluidized bed furnace (1) is not particularly limited, but, for example, it has a cylindrical or rectangular shape.

[0041] A fluid medium (e.g., silica sand) is contained within the pyrolysis chamber (4), main combustion chamber (6), and sedimentation combustion chamber (7). To flow the fluid medium, the pyrolysis chamber (4), main combustion chamber (6), and sedimentation combustion chamber (7) are each connected to a first aeration device (15), a second aeration device (25), and a third aeration device (35). The first aeration device (15), the second aeration device (25), and the third aeration device (35) independently blow a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas into the pyrolysis chamber (4), main combustion chamber (6), and sedimentation combustion chamber (7), respectively, and flow the fluid medium within each chamber (4, 5, 7). The flowing fluid medium forms a first fluid bed (51), a second fluid bed (52), and a third fluid bed (53) within the pyrolysis chamber (4), the main combustion chamber (6), and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). Above the first fluid bed (51), the second fluid bed (52), and the third fluid bed (53), there are a freeboard section (55), a freeboard section (56), and a freeboard section (57) where the fluid medium is almost absent.

[0042] The first aeration device (15) comprises a plurality (two in FIG. 1) of first wind boxes (16) located below the pyrolysis chamber (4), a first fluidizing gas supply line (17) connected to these first wind boxes (16), a first fluidizing gas supply source (18) connected to the first fluidizing gas supply line (17), and a plurality (two in FIG. 1) of first gas flow control valves (or first gas flow control dampers) (19) installed in the first fluidizing gas supply line (17). The first fluidizing gas supply line (17) has a plurality of first branch lines (17a), and the first gas flow control valves (19) are each installed in these first branch lines (17a). The upper wall of the first wind box (16) is composed of a porous plate (16a). The porous plate (16a) forms the hearth of the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0043] In this embodiment, steam is used as the first fluidizing gas. A boiler that generates steam is used as the first fluidizing gas supply source (18). In one embodiment, air may be used as the first fluidizing gas. In this case, the first aeration device (15) may be equipped with a blower as the first fluidizing gas supply source (18). Additionally, the first aeration device (15) may be equipped with a temperature controller for heating the first fluidizing gas. The temperature controller is installed in the first fluidizing gas supply line (17).

[0044] The second aeration device (25) comprises a plurality (three in FIG. 1) of second wind boxes (26), a second fluidizing gas supply line (27) connected to these second wind boxes (26), a second fluidizing gas supply source (28) connected to the second fluidizing gas supply line (27), a plurality (three in FIG. 1) of second gas flow control valves (or second gas flow control dampers) (29) installed in the second fluidizing gas supply line (27), and a second temperature controller (30) installed in the second fluidizing gas supply line (27). The second fluidizing gas supply line (27) has a plurality of second branch lines (27a), and the second gas flow control valves (29) are each installed in these second branch lines (27a). The upper wall of the second wind box (26) is composed of a perforated plate (26a). The porous plate (26a) forms the hearth of the main combustion chamber (6).

[0045] The third aeration device (35) comprises at least one third wind box (36), at least one third fluidized gas supply line (37) connected to the third wind box (36), a third fluidized gas supply source (38) connected to the third fluidized gas supply line (37), at least one third gas flow control valve (or third gas flow control damper) (39) installed in the third fluidized gas supply line (37), and a third temperature controller (40) installed in the third fluidized gas supply line (37). The upper wall of the third wind box (36) is composed of a porous plate (36a). The porous plate (36a) forms the hearth of the sedimentation combustion chamber (7).

[0046] The size of the white background arrows shown in the wind box (16, 26, 36) indicates the flow velocity of the fluidizing gas being ejected. Due to the difference in the flow velocity of the fluidizing gas, a swirling flow of the fluidizing medium is formed in the pyrolysis chamber (4), and a swirling flow of the fluidizing medium is also formed in the main combustion chamber (6). The first fluidized bed (51) is formed as a swirling fluidizing medium, and the second fluidized bed (52) is also formed as a swirling fluidizing medium. Meanwhile, the third fluidized bed (53) in the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is formed as a downward flow of the fluidizing medium. In one embodiment, the third fluidized bed (53) may also be formed as a swirling fluidizing medium.

[0047] In this embodiment, air is used for the second fluidizing gas and the third fluidizing gas supplied to the main combustion chamber (6) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), and the second fluidizing gas supply source (28) and the third fluidizing gas supply source (38) are composed of blowers. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and other types of gases may be used as the second fluidizing gas and the third fluidizing gas. For example, the second fluidizing gas supply source (28) may include at least one supply source for supplying at least one of carbon dioxide gas, steam, nitrogen gas, and oxygen. In addition, the third fluidizing gas supply source (38) may include at least one supply source for supplying at least one of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, steam, and nitrogen gas.

[0048] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the second fluidizing gas supply source (28) and the third fluidizing gas supply source (38) are respectively connected to the second fluidizing gas supply line (27) and the third fluidizing gas supply line (37), but in one embodiment, a common fluidizing gas supply source may be connected to the second fluidizing gas supply line (27) and the third fluidizing gas supply line (37). In this case, instead of the second temperature controller (30) and the third temperature controller (40), a common temperature controller may be installed in the second fluidizing gas supply line (27) and the third fluidizing gas supply line (37).

[0049] The pyrolysis chamber (4), main combustion chamber (6), and sedimentation combustion chamber (7) together constitute a single fluidized bed furnace (1). The first partition wall (11) extends downward from the upper wall (1a) of the fluidized bed furnace (1). The lower end of the first partition wall (11) is not in contact with the furnace floor, and there is a first opening (61) under the first partition wall (11). This first opening (61) is located at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), and the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) are connected to each other through the first opening (61). Thus, the first opening (61) allows the fluid medium heated in the main combustion chamber (6) to move into the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). The first opening (61) is located below the interface (upper surface) of the first fluidized bed (51) and the third fluidized bed (53) in the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7).

[0050] The second partition wall (12) extends upward from the road surface of the combustion chamber (5) (main combustion chamber (6) and sedimentation combustion chamber (7)). The upper end of the second partition wall (12) is not connected to the upper wall (1a) of the fluidized bed (1), and there is a second opening (62) on the second partition wall (12). This second opening (62) is located at the freeboard section (56) of the main combustion chamber (6) and the freeboard section (57) of the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), and the main combustion chamber (6) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) are connected to each other through the second opening (62). More specifically, the freeboard section (56) of the main combustion chamber (6) and the freeboard section (57) of the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) are connected to each other through the second opening (62).

[0051] In the main combustion chamber (6), two regions with different flow velocities of the fluid medium are formed, namely a weak fluidization region and a strong fluidization region. The weak fluidization region is formed in the center of the main combustion chamber (6), and the strong fluidization region is formed outside the weak fluidization region. Accordingly, a downward flow of the fluid medium is formed in the central region of the main combustion chamber (6), and an upward flow of the fluid medium is formed in the outer region of the main combustion chamber (6). These upward and downward flows of the fluid medium form a swirling flow of the fluid medium within the main combustion chamber (6). The second fluid phase (52) is formed by this swirling flow of the fluid medium.

[0052] A portion of the fluid medium forming a swirling flow within the main combustion chamber (6) overflows the top of the second partition wall (12) and flows into the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) through the second opening (62). The fluid medium descends within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) and forms a third fluid bed (53). Additionally, the fluid medium flows from the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) into the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first opening (61) and is mixed with the fluid medium forming the first fluid bed (51). Within the pyrolysis chamber (4), the fluid medium forms a swirling flow. The fluid medium forming this swirling flow rises along the first partition wall (11), and this rising flow draws the fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) into the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0053] The pyrolysis chamber (4) and the main combustion chamber (6) are connected to each other through a passage (70). In FIG. 1, the arrow indicating the passage (70) is drawn outside the fluidized bed (1), but the passage (70) is also located inside the fluidized bed (1). Furthermore, in FIG. 1, the pyrolysis chamber (4), the main combustion chamber (6), and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) are drawn in a planar shape, but in reality, these chambers (4, 6, 7) have a three-dimensional shape, and the pyrolysis chamber (4) can be placed on both sides of the main combustion chamber (6) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). Accordingly, the passage (70) may be composed of a simple opening.

[0054] The pyrolysis device is equipped with a first raw material supply device (71) and a second raw material supply device (72) that supply a first raw material and a second raw material into the pyrolysis chamber (4). The raw material outlet of the first raw material supply device (71) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (4), and the raw material inlet of the first raw material supply device (71) is connected to a conveying device (not shown) that conveys the first raw material. Likewise, the raw material outlet of the second raw material supply device (72) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (4), and the raw material inlet of the second raw material supply device (72) is connected to a conveying device (not shown) that conveys the second raw material. Specific examples of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) may include a screw feeder capable of quantitatively sending raw materials into the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0055] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the first raw material and the second raw material are supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) from the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) through two supply ports (74, 75) provided in the freeboard section (55) of the pyrolysis chamber (4). In FIG. 1, these two supply ports (74, 75) are schematically drawn. In one embodiment, the first raw material and the second raw material are mixed after being discharged from the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72), and the mixture of the first raw material and the second raw material may be supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) from one supply port.

[0056] The first raw material and the second raw material introduced into the pyrolysis chamber (4) are pyrolyzed by receiving heat from the fluid medium while being stirred by the swirling flow of the fluid medium forming the first fluid bed (51). As a result of the pyrolysis, some of the components contained in the first raw material and the second raw material form a pyrolysis product. The pyrolysis product is discharged from the pyrolysis chamber (4) through a product outlet (78) provided on the upper wall (1a) of the fluid bed furnace (1) constituting the pyrolysis chamber (4). The product outlet (78) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (4). The residue of the first raw material and the residue of the second raw material move together with the fluid medium through the connecting passage (70) to the main combustion chamber (6). The residue is combusted while swirling together with the fluid medium forming the second fluid bed (52). The residue releases thermal energy along with combustion and generates combustion exhaust gas, thereby heating the fluid medium forming the second fluid bed (52). The combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber through an exhaust gas outlet (79) provided on the upper wall (1a) of the fluidized bed (1) constituting the main combustion chamber (6). The exhaust gas outlet (79) is connected to the main combustion chamber (6).

[0057] A portion of the heated fluid medium overflows the top of the second partition wall (12), moves to the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) through the second opening (62), and forms a third fluid bed (53) as it descends within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). Additionally, the heated fluid medium is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first opening (61). The heated fluid medium provides the amount of heat required for pyrolysis, thereby allowing the pyrolysis of the first raw material and the second raw material to proceed within the pyrolysis chamber (4). Although the fluid medium moved from the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is at a high temperature, its temperature decreases as it is mixed with the first fluid bed (51) within the pyrolysis chamber (4). In this way, the fluid medium moved from the main combustion chamber (6) to the pyrolysis chamber (4) via the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) functions as a heat source for the pyrolysis of the first raw material and the second raw material.

[0058] In the present embodiment, the first raw material is a material with a high carbon content, represented by waste plastics manufactured from petroleum (hereinafter referred to as waste plastic). The second raw material is a combustible material with a lower carbon content than the first raw material, and examples include biomass, municipal waste, sludge, and organic waste. The first raw material has a higher carbon content and a higher calorific value than the second raw material. Therefore, the first raw material is more combustible than the second raw material and generates high thermal energy when combusted. On the other hand, the second raw material has a lower carbon content than the first raw material and typically contains a relatively large amount of moisture, so it is more difficult to combust than the first raw material. In one embodiment, the first raw material may be a material (e.g., municipal waste, industrial waste, etc.) in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and the ratio of carbon to oxygen are higher than those of the second raw material.

[0059] The first raw material comprises at least waste plastic. The pyrolysis product generated by the pyrolysis of the first raw material comprises oil obtained from waste plastic (such as hydrocarbon compounds that are liquid at room temperature and pressure and contain large amounts of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The second raw material is an organic material such as biomass, and the ratios of carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) contained in the second raw material—specifically, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen (carbon / hydrogen ratio) and the ratio of carbon to oxygen (carbon / oxygen ratio)—may be lower than those of waste plastic. Therefore, since the pyrolysis product generated by the pyrolysis of the second raw material contains oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) in addition to carbon (C), the carbon (C) content is lower compared to the pyrolysis product generated by the pyrolysis of the first raw material.

[0060] The first raw material and the second raw material are not combusted within the pyrolysis chamber (4) but are pyrolyzed. Since the first raw material contains a large amount of carbon, carbon (char) is easily formed within the pyrolysis chamber (4). The carbon (char) possesses a high calorific value, while it cannot be removed from the pyrolysis chamber (4) as a pyrolysis product. A portion of the first raw material is discharged from the pyrolysis chamber (4) as a pyrolysis product, and the residue of the first raw material is sent into the main combustion chamber (6) as carbon (char). This carbon (char) possesses a high calorific value. Therefore, when the carbon (char) is combusted within the main combustion chamber (6), it generates high thermal energy, which can heat the fluid medium to a high temperature.

[0061] Meanwhile, the second raw material has a lower carbon content compared to the first raw material. Because of this, if the amount of heat required for the pyrolysis of the second raw material is to be secured solely from the second raw material, most of the carbon contained in the second raw material must be consumed within the main combustion chamber (6). Consequently, the yield of the pyrolysis product generated from the second raw material is reduced. In this regard, according to the present embodiment, the first raw material containing a large amount of carbon and the second raw material containing a smaller amount of carbon are supplied simultaneously into the pyrolysis chamber (4). The thermal energy generated by the combustion of the residue of the first raw material within the main combustion chamber (6) can sufficiently heat the fluid medium within the main combustion chamber (6). Therefore, the amount of heat that the residue of the second raw material must retain within the main combustion chamber (6) can be reduced. Consequently, the yield of the pyrolysis product from the second raw material is improved. The heated fluid medium moves from the main combustion chamber (6) through the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) to the pyrolysis chamber (4) to pyrolyze the first raw material and the second raw material.

[0062] As illustrated in FIG. 1, a non-combustible discharge port (82) is provided between the first wind box (16) of the first aeration device (15) and the third wind box (36) of the third aeration device (35). Relatively large non-combustible materials contained in the first raw material and / or the second raw material are discharged from the non-combustible discharge port (82).

[0063] Next, the ratio of the first raw material and the second raw material supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) will be explained. As described above, the residue of the first raw material generates higher thermal energy than the residue of the second raw material during combustion. Therefore, the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) affects the temperature in the main combustion chamber (6) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). The pyrolysis device of this embodiment controls the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material and the supply amount of the second raw material to be supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) based on the temperature in the main combustion chamber (6). More specifically, the pyrolysis device is configured to adjust the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) so ​​that the temperature in the main combustion chamber (6) converges within a predetermined target range.

[0064] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the pyrolysis device is equipped with an operation control unit (200) that independently controls the operation of a first raw material supply device (71) and a second raw material supply device (72). The operation control unit (200) is connected to the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72). The operation control unit (200) is configured to control the amount of the first raw material supplied by the first raw material supply device (71) to the pyrolysis chamber (4), and also to control the amount of the second raw material supplied by the first raw material supply device (71) to the pyrolysis chamber (4). The operation control unit (200) can independently control the supply amount of the first raw material and the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4). Accordingly, the operation control unit (200) can control the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4). Examples of the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material include cases where the supply amount of the first raw material is 0 and cases where the supply amount of the second raw material is 0.

[0065] The operation control unit (200) is equipped with a memory device (200a) in which a program is stored and an operation device (200b) that executes operations according to instructions included in the program. The memory device (200a) is equipped with a main memory device such as RAM and an auxiliary memory device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD). Examples of the operation device (200b) include a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). However, the specific configuration of the operation control unit (200) is not limited to this embodiment.

[0066] The operation control unit (200) is composed of at least one computer. For example, the operation control unit (200) may be an edge server placed near the flow path (1), or a cloud server connected to a communication network such as the Internet or a local area network. The operation control unit (200) may be a combination of multiple servers. For example, the operation control unit (200) may be a combination of an edge server and a cloud server connected to each other by a communication network such as the Internet or a local area network.

[0067] The pyrolysis device further comprises a pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85) placed in the pyrolysis chamber (4), a main combustion chamber thermometer (86) placed in the main combustion chamber (6), and a sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) placed in the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). In this embodiment, a plurality (three in FIG. 1) of pyrolysis chamber thermometers (85) are arranged along the longitudinal direction in the pyrolysis chamber (4). One of the plurality of pyrolysis chamber thermometers (85) is placed in the freeboard section (55) in the pyrolysis chamber (4), and another pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85) is placed in the first fluidized bed (51). Likewise, a plurality (three in FIG. 1) of main combustion chamber thermometers (86) are arranged along the longitudinal direction in the main combustion chamber (6), and a plurality (three in FIG. 1) of sedimentation combustion chamber thermometers (87) are arranged along the longitudinal direction in the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). One of the plurality of main combustion chamber thermometers (86) is placed in the freeboard section (56) within the main combustion chamber (6), and another main combustion chamber thermometer (86) is placed in the second fluidized bed (52). One of the plurality of sedimentation combustion chamber thermometers (87) is placed in the freeboard section (57) within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), and another sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) is placed in the third fluidized bed (53).

[0068] The number and arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85), main combustion chamber thermometer (86), and sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) are not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In one embodiment, a single pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85), a single main combustion chamber thermometer (86), and a single sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) may be arranged. In another embodiment, four or more pyrolysis chamber thermometers (85), four or more main combustion chamber thermometers (86), and four or more sedimentation combustion chamber thermometers (87) may be arranged in the pyrolysis chamber (4), main combustion chamber (6), and sedimentation combustion chamber (7), respectively.

[0069] The pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85), the main combustion chamber thermometer (86), and the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) each measure the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4), the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6), and the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), respectively. The pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85), the main combustion chamber thermometer (86), and the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) are connected to the operation control unit (200). The measured value of the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) is sent from the pyrolysis chamber thermometer (85) to the operation control unit (200), the measured value of the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) is sent from the main combustion chamber thermometer (86) to the operation control unit (200), and the measured value of the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is sent from the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) to the operation control unit (200).

[0070] The operation control unit (200) is configured to adjust the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the supply amount of the second raw material based on the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6). More specifically, the operation control unit (200) issues a command to at least one of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) so that the measured value of the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) sent from the main combustion chamber thermometer (86) converges within a predetermined target range, thereby adjusting the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the supply amount of the second raw material.

[0071] For example, when the measured temperature in the main combustion chamber (6) falls below the target range, the operation control unit (200) issues a command to the first raw material supply device (71) to increase the supply amount of the first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4). At the same time, the operation control unit (200) may issue a command to the second raw material supply device (72) to decrease the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4). In another example, when the measured temperature in the main combustion chamber (6) exceeds the target range, the operation control unit (200) issues a command to the second raw material supply device (72) to increase the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4). At the same time, the operation control unit (200) may issue a command to the first raw material supply device (71) to decrease the supply amount of the first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4). The supply amount of the first raw material or the supply amount of the second raw material may be zero.

[0072] According to the present embodiment, the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) can feed the first raw material with a high carbon content and the second raw material with a low carbon content into the pyrolysis chamber (4) in an appropriate ratio. Pyrolysis within the pyrolysis chamber (4) and combustion within the main combustion chamber (6) are optimized, and as a result, the yield of the pyrolysis product in the pyrolysis chamber (4) is improved.

[0073] Under conditions where the circulation flow rate of the fluid medium between the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the main combustion chamber (6) is constant, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber (4) depends on the temperature of the fluid medium sent from the main combustion chamber (6) through the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). Specifically, if the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) is high, the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) also rises. The type of pyrolysis product generated in the pyrolysis chamber (4) depends on the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4). For example, the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) suitable for oil recovery is 200°C or higher, preferably 250°C or higher, more preferably 300°C or higher, and also 600°C or lower, preferably 500°C or lower, more preferably 400°C or lower. The temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) suitable for the recovery of high-calorie fuel gases such as hydrocarbon gas is preferably lower within the range of 600°C to 900°C. The temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) suitable for recovering synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is preferably higher within the range of 900°C to 1300°C. Additionally, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber (4) may be secured by supplying an oxidizing agent to the freeboard section (55) of the pyrolysis chamber (4). Air, oxygen, and a combination of oxygen and steam are used as the oxidizing agent.

[0074] The pyrolysis apparatus of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 can selectively recover oil, fuel gas, or synthesis gas. For example, when increasing the yield of oil, the first raw material and the second raw material are supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) while the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material is low. The first raw material includes waste plastic, which is a high-calorie material, whereas the second raw material is a relatively low-calorie material such as biomass or municipal waste.

[0075] First, the first raw material is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber (4), and then the residue of the first raw material (a carbonized tea) is sent to the main combustion chamber (6). The residue of the first raw material is a high-calorie material containing a large amount of carbonized material, but since the amount of residue of the first raw material supplied to the main combustion chamber (6) is relatively small, the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) does not rise much. As a result, the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) becomes 600°C or lower, which is a temperature range suitable for recovering oil from waste plastic.

[0076] In order to increase the yield of fuel gas such as hydrocarbon gas, the first raw material and the second raw material are supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) while increasing the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material. The first raw material is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber (4), and thereafter, the residue of the first raw material (a carbonized tea) is sent to the main combustion chamber (6). Since the supply amount of the residue of the first raw material to the main combustion chamber (6) is relatively large, the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) rises. As a result, the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) becomes a temperature range of 600°C to 900°C suitable for the generation of hydrocarbon gas.

[0077] In order to increase the yield of synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the first raw material and the second raw material are supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4) while increasing the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material. The first raw material is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber (4), and thereafter, the residue of the first raw material (a carbonized tea) is sent to the main combustion chamber (6). Since the supply amount of the residue of the first raw material to the main combustion chamber (6) is considerably large, the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) rises. As a result, the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) becomes a temperature range of 900°C to 1300°C suitable for the production of hydrocarbon gas.

[0078] In this way, the operation control unit (200) can increase the yield of the intended pyrolysis product by controlling the operation of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) (i.e., adjusting the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the supply amount of the second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4)) and thereby controlling the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0079] In the above-described embodiment, the operation control unit (200) controls the operation of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) based on the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) (i.e., the temperature measurement value sent from the main combustion chamber thermometer (86), but in one embodiment, the operation control unit (200) may control the operation of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) based on the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) (i.e., the temperature measurement value sent from the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87).

[0080] In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the pyrolysis device may further be equipped with a third raw material supply device (91) and a fourth raw material supply device (92) that supply a first raw material and a second raw material into the main combustion chamber (6). The raw material outlet of the third raw material supply device (91) is connected to the main combustion chamber (6), and the raw material inlet of the third raw material supply device (91) is connected to a conveying device (not shown) that conveys the first raw material. Likewise, the raw material outlet of the fourth raw material supply device (92) is connected to the main combustion chamber (6), and the raw material inlet of the fourth raw material supply device (92) is connected to a conveying device (not shown) that conveys the second raw material. Specific examples of the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92) may include a screw feeder capable of quantitatively sending raw materials into the main combustion chamber (6).

[0081] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the first raw material and the second raw material are supplied into the main combustion chamber (6) from the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92) through two supply ports (94, 95) provided in the freeboard section (56) of the main combustion chamber (6). In FIG. 2, the supply ports (94, 95) are schematically drawn. In one embodiment, the first raw material and the second raw material are mixed after being discharged from the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92), and the mixture of the first raw material and the second raw material may be supplied into the main combustion chamber (6) from one supply port.

[0082] The operation control unit (200) is connected to the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92). In this embodiment, the operation control unit (200) is configured to control the operation of the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92) in addition to the operation of the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72). Specifically, the operation control unit (200) is configured to control the amount of the first raw material supplied by the third raw material supply device (91) to the main combustion chamber (6), and also to control the amount of the second raw material supplied by the fourth raw material supply device (92) to the main combustion chamber (6). The operation control unit (200) can independently control the supply amount of the first raw material and the supply amount of the second raw material to the main combustion chamber (6). Accordingly, the operation control unit (200) can control the ratio of the supply amount of the first raw material to the main combustion chamber (6) and the supply amount of the second raw material.

[0083] During the operation of the pyrolysis device, the first raw material supply device (71) and the second raw material supply device (72) continuously supply the first raw material and the second raw material into the pyrolysis chamber (4), whereas the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92) supply at least one of the first raw material and the second raw material into the main combustion chamber (6) when necessary. For example, when the measured value of the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) falls below a predetermined lower limit value that is lower than the target range, the operation control unit (200) issues a command to the third raw material supply device (91) to supply the first raw material into the main combustion chamber (6). At this time, the operation control unit (200) may also issue a command to the fourth raw material supply device (92) to supply the second raw material into the main combustion chamber (6). In another example, when the measured temperature in the main combustion chamber (6) falls below the lower limit value, the operation control unit (200) issues a command to the fourth raw material supply device (92) to supply the second raw material into the main combustion chamber (6). At this time, the operation control unit (200) may also issue a command to the third raw material supply device (91) to supply the first raw material into the main combustion chamber (6).

[0084] In this embodiment, at least one of the first raw material and the second raw material is supplied directly into the main combustion chamber (6) and burned immediately. Accordingly, the temperature inside the main combustion chamber (6) rises and can quickly reach the target range.

[0085] In one embodiment, the operation control unit (200) may control the operation of the third raw material supply device (91) and the fourth raw material supply device (92) based on the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) (i.e., the temperature measurement sent from the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87)).

[0086] Additionally, in one embodiment, the operation control unit (200) may control the operation of at least one of the third raw material supply unit (91) and the fourth raw material supply unit (92) instead of controlling the operation of the first raw material supply unit (71) and the second raw material supply unit (72) to maintain the measured temperature value within the main combustion chamber (6) or the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) within the target range. Specifically, while the first raw material supply unit (71) and the second raw material supply unit (72) supply the first raw material and the second raw material into the pyrolysis chamber (4) at a fixed supply amount, the operation control unit (200) may control the operation of at least one of the third raw material supply unit (91) and the fourth raw material supply unit (92) so that the measured temperature value within the main combustion chamber (6) or the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) converges within the target range, thereby supplying at least one of the first raw material and the second raw material to the main combustion chamber (6). According to this operation, the pyrolysis device can control the temperature in the main combustion chamber (6) independently of the ratio of the first raw material and the second raw material in the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0087] In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the pyrolysis device may further be equipped with a hazardous material supply device (100) that supplies hazardous materials containing volatile repellent substances to the main combustion chamber (6). The material outlet of the hazardous material supply device (100) is connected to the main combustion chamber (6), and the material inlet of the hazardous material supply device (100) is connected to a conveying device (not shown) that conveys hazardous materials. The hazardous materials are supplied into the main combustion chamber (6) from a supply port (101) provided in the freeboard section (56) of the main combustion chamber (6). As a specific example of the hazardous material supply device (100), a screw feeder capable of quantitatively sending hazardous materials into the main combustion chamber (6) may be provided.

[0088] The volatile repellent substance burns within the main combustion chamber (6) to produce combustion exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the main combustion chamber (6) through the exhaust gas outlet (79). Since the volatile repellent substance does not move into the pyrolysis chamber (4), the volatile repellent substance is not mixed into the pyrolysis products produced within the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0089] The pyrolysis apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can discharge various pyrolysis products (oil, hydrocarbons, etc.) derived from the first raw material and the second raw material from the pyrolysis chamber (4). These pyrolysis products can be used for products such as petroleum products or fuel. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for treatment systems capable of discharging a wider variety of chemical substances.

[0090] Therefore, next, an embodiment of a pyrolysis device capable of discharging other chemical substances as pyrolysis products in addition to the substances derived from the first raw material and the second raw material will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the first aeration device (15) is equipped with a plurality of (two in the example of FIG. 4) first fluidizing gas supply sources (18A, 18B) connected to the first fluidizing gas supply line (17), and a plurality of (two in the example of FIG. 4) opening and closing valves (111, 112) each disposed downstream of the plurality of first fluidizing gas supply sources (18A, 18B).

[0091] One of the plurality of first fluidizing gas supply sources (18A, 18B) is a main supply source (18A) for supplying steam or air, and the other is an additive gas supply source (18B) for supplying additive gas. In this embodiment, the main supply source (18A) is composed of a boiler that generates steam. In one embodiment, the main supply source (18A) may be composed of a blower that sends air. Also, in one embodiment, the main supply source (18A) may not be provided. The additive gas is any one of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, and nitrogen gas. The plurality of first fluidizing gas supply sources (18A, 18B) may include a plurality of additive gas supply sources for supplying a plurality of types of additive gas selected from carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, and nitrogen gas. The additive gas may be obtained from pyrolysis products.

[0092] Opening and closing valves (111, 112) are respectively positioned downstream of the main supply source (18A) and the additive gas supply source (18B). These opening and closing valves (111, 112) are connected to an operation control unit (200), and the opening and closing operation of the opening and closing valves (111, 112) is controlled by the operation control unit (200). When the operation control unit (200) opens all the opening and closing valves (111, 112), a mixture of water vapor and additive gas is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first fluidizing gas supply line (17) as the first fluidizing gas. When the operation control unit (200) opens the opening and closing valve (111) and, on the other hand, closes the opening and closing valve (112), only water vapor is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first fluidizing gas supply line (17) as the first fluidizing gas. When the operation control unit (200) closes the opening / closing valve (111) and, on the other hand, opens the opening / closing valve (112), only the additive gas is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first fluidizing gas supply line (17) as the first fluidizing gas. Examples of the first fluidizing gas include a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen gas, hydrogen gas alone, etc. If multiple additive gas supply sources (18B) are provided, the first fluidizing gas may include a mixture of water vapor, hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide, a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide, etc. If the main supply source (18A) is a blower, air instead of water vapor constitutes at least a portion of the first fluidizing gas.

[0093] When the combination of the first and second raw materials described above is supplied into the pyrolysis chamber (4), the proportion of carbon contained in the pyrolysis product is relatively large. In this case, for example, to balance the carbon and hydrogen content in the pyrolysis product, hydrogen gas alone or a combination of water vapor and hydrogen gas is used as the first fluidizing gas. At least a portion of the hydrogen is supplied to the pyrolysis of the raw materials within the pyrolysis chamber (4) and is discharged from the pyrolysis chamber (4) as a pyrolysis product. Thus, in this embodiment, a first fluidizing gas containing the necessary chemical substance is used. Consequently, the pyrolysis product can contain the desired chemical substance.

[0094] The embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be appropriately combined. For example, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 may be combined with the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 may be combined with the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

[0095] Next, an embodiment of a pyrolysis device suitable for recovering oil from raw materials will be described with reference to FIG. 5. Since the configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are identical to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, the redundant description thereof will be omitted. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a raw material supply device (71) for supplying a first raw material into the pyrolysis chamber (4) is provided. This raw material supply device (71) corresponds to the first raw material supply device (71) shown in FIG. 1. In the following description, the first raw material is simply referred to as raw material. This raw material is of the same type as the first raw material described above and includes at least waste plastic with a high carbon content. In this embodiment, a component corresponding to the second raw material supply device (72) of FIG. 1 is not provided, but the second raw material supply device (72) shown in FIG. 1 may be provided for supplying the second raw material into the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0096] The raw material is not combusted within the pyrolysis chamber (4), and the residue of the raw material (e.g., tea) is combusted within the main combustion chamber (6) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). The fluid medium within the main combustion chamber (6) and the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is heated by the combustion of the residue of the raw material and flows into the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first opening (61). The heated fluid medium is deheated while being mixed with the first fluid bed (51) within the pyrolysis chamber (4), and the first fluid bed (51) is stabilized at a constant temperature. The temperature within the pyrolysis chamber (4) suitable for recovering oil from waste plastic is 600°C or lower. Accordingly, the temperature within the pyrolysis chamber (4) is maintained at 600°C or lower.

[0097] However, the fluid medium that has just moved from the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) to the pyrolysis chamber (4) is at a high temperature, and a high-temperature region exists locally inside the pyrolysis chamber (4). For example, although the overall temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber (4) is maintained at 600°C or lower, the temperature near the first opening (61) may exceed 800°C. When a high-temperature region exists locally in this way, the waste plastic in the high-temperature region undergoes excessive decomposition and becomes carbonized (car) and hard gas, and as a result, the oil yield is reduced.

[0098] Therefore, in this embodiment, the temperature of the fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is adjusted to a temperature suitable for obtaining oil from the raw material within the pyrolysis chamber (4). The operation control unit (200) is configured to control at least one of the temperature and flow rate of the third fluidizing gas supplied to the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) based on the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). Specifically, the operation control unit (200) controls at least one of the third temperature controller (40) and the third gas flow rate control valve (39) of the third aeration device (35) so that the measured value of the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) converges within a predetermined temperature range, thereby controlling at least one of the temperature and flow rate of the third fluidizing gas supplied to the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). The measured value of the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is sent from the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) to the operation control unit (200).

[0099] The temperature of the third fluidizing gas itself is lower than the temperature of the fluid medium inside the settling combustion chamber (7). Therefore, if the operation control unit (200) operates the third temperature controller (40) to further lower the temperature of the third fluidizing gas, the temperature of the fluid medium inside the settling combustion chamber (7) is lowered. Likewise, if the operation control unit (200) operates the third gas flow control valve (39) to increase the flow rate of the third fluidizing gas, the temperature of the fluid medium inside the settling combustion chamber (7) is lowered. The operation control unit (200) may operate both the third temperature controller (40) and the third gas flow control valve (39) to further lower the temperature of the third fluidizing gas while increasing the flow rate of the third fluidizing gas.

[0100] After optimizing the temperature of the fluid medium, the fluid medium is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the first opening (61). The fluid medium swirls within the pyrolysis chamber (4) to form the first fluid bed (51) and maintains the temperature within the pyrolysis chamber (4) in a temperature range where the yield of the oil component is high. The raw material containing waste plastic is heated while being stirred by the swirling flow of the fluid medium, thereby generating vaporized oil. The vaporized oil is discharged from the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the product outlet (78) as a pyrolysis product.

[0101] According to the present embodiment, since the fluid medium is moved to the pyrolysis chamber (4) after the temperature of the fluid medium has been pre-controlled, a localized high-temperature region is not formed within the pyrolysis chamber (4). As a result, a uniform pyrolysis reaction temperature region is formed, which can improve the yield of the intended pyrolysis product.

[0102] FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating another embodiment of a pyrolysis apparatus suitable for obtaining an intended pyrolysis product from a raw material. Since the configuration and operation of the present embodiment, which are not specifically described, are identical to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the redundant description thereof is omitted.

[0103] As illustrated in FIG. 6, the pyrolysis device of the present embodiment is equipped with a heat recovery unit (120) that recovers heat from a fluid medium within a sedimentation combustion chamber (7). The heat recovery unit (120) has a heat transfer tube (121) through which a cooling medium, such as water, flows, and a refrigerant flow rate control valve (124) installed in the heat transfer tube (121). The heat transfer tube (121) is positioned within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). More specifically, it protrudes within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7). The heat recovery unit (120) can recover heat from the fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) and lower the temperature of the fluid medium. That is, the heat of the fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) is transferred to the cooling medium flowing through the heat transfer tube (121), and as a result, the temperature of the fluid medium is lowered.

[0104] The refrigerant flow control valve (124) is connected to the operation control unit (200), and the operation of the refrigerant flow control valve (124) is controlled by the operation control unit (200). The operation control unit (200) controls the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the heat transfer tube (121) by operating the refrigerant flow control valve (124) so ​​that the temperature measurement value (i.e., the temperature inside the sedimentation combustion chamber (7)) sent from the sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer (87) converges within a predetermined temperature range.

[0105] In order to ensure that the fluid medium within the settling combustion chamber (7) comes into contact with the heat transfer tube (121), the third aeration device (35) is equipped with a plurality of third wind boxes (36), a plurality of third fluidizing gas supply lines (37) each connected to the third wind boxes (36), and a plurality of third gas flow control valves (or a plurality of third gas flow control dampers) (39) each installed in the third fluidizing gas supply lines (37). The operation control unit (200) is configured to control the operation of the plurality of third gas flow control valves (39) such that the opening degrees of the plurality of third gas flow control valves (39) are different from each other. Since the opening degrees of the third gas flow control valves (39) are different, the flow rates of the third fluidizing gas ejected from the plurality of third wind boxes (36) are also different from each other. The third fluidizing gas with different flow rates is supplied into the settling combustion chamber (7), and the fluid medium forming the third fluid bed (53) swirls.

[0106] A portion of the swirling flow of the fluid medium comes into contact with the heat transfer tube (121) of the heat recovery unit (120), thereby achieving a temperature reduction of the fluid medium. Additionally, the swirling flow of the fluid medium equalizes the temperature of the fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber (7), thus preventing the high-temperature fluid medium from moving to the pyrolysis chamber (4). Furthermore, the flow rate of the fluid medium from the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) to the pyrolysis chamber (4) can be controlled according to the intensity or direction of the swirling flow of the fluid medium. Moreover, by controlling the flow rate of the third fluidizing gas ejected from the plurality of third wind boxes (36), the strength of the swirling flow of the fluid medium is controlled, and by changing the heat transfer coefficient between the fluid medium and the heat transfer tube (121), the amount of heat absorbed through the heat transfer tube (121) is changed, thereby controlling the temperature of the fluid medium flowing from the sedimentation combustion chamber (7) to the pyrolysis chamber (4).

[0107] The embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 can be appropriately combined. For example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 can be applied to any of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. In addition, the heat recovery unit (120) and the third aeration device (35) shown in FIG. 6 can be combined with any of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, all of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 may be combined.

[0108] By appropriately combining the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, it is possible to achieve operation with good combustion efficiency while increasing the yield of the intended pyrolysis products. Furthermore, a wide variety of chemical substances can be recovered with high yield.

[0109] The above-described embodiments are described for the purpose of enabling a person skilled in the art to practice the present invention. Various modifications of the above embodiments are naturally achievable by those skilled in the art, and the technical concept of the present invention may be applied to other embodiments. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments but is interpreted within the broadest scope according to the technical concept defined by the claims.

[0110] Industrial Applicability

[0111] The present invention can be used in a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis method for pyrolyzing raw materials within a fluidized bed furnace, and in particular, can be used in a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis method for obtaining pyrolysis products by pyrolyzing raw materials using internal circulation fluidized bed gasification technology. Explanation of the symbols

[0112] 1: Fluidized bed furnace 4: Pyrolysis Chamber 5: Combustion chamber 6: Main combustion chamber 7: Sedimentation Combustion Chamber 11: The first partition wall 12: Second partition wall 15: First aeration device 16: The First Wind Box 17: First fluidization gas supply line 18, 18A, 18B: First fluidization gas supply source 19: First gas flow control valve 25: Second aeration device 26: The Second Wind Box 27: Second fluidization gas supply line 28: Second fluidization gas supply source 29: Second gas flow control valve 30: Second temperature controller 35: Third aeration device 36: The Third Wind Box 37: Third fluidization gas supply line 38: Third fluidization gas supply source 39: Third gas flow control valve 40: 3rd temperature controller 51: First fluidized bed 52: Second fluidized bed 53: Third fluid bed 55, 56, 57: Freeboard Department 61: First opening 62: Second opening 70: Chimney 71: First raw material supply device 72: Second raw material supply device 74, 75: Supply port 78: Product outlet 79: Exhaust gas outlet 82: Non-combustible exhaust outlet 85: Pyrolysis chamber thermometer 86: Main combustion chamber thermometer 87: Sedimentation combustion chamber thermometer 91: Third raw material supply device 92: 4th raw material supply device 94, 95: Supply port 100: Hazardous material supply device 101: Supply port 111, 112: Opening and closing valves 120: Heat recovery unit 121: Heat transfer tube 124: Refrigerant flow control valve 200: Operation control unit

Claims

Claim 1 A pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing a raw material within a fluidized bed containing a flowing fluid medium, comprising: a fluidized bed furnace; a first partition wall partitioning the interior of the fluidized bed furnace into a pyrolysis chamber and a combustion chamber; a second partition wall partitioning the combustion chamber into a main combustion chamber and a sedimentation combustion chamber; a first aeration device, a second aeration device, and a third aeration device each supplying a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis chamber, the main combustion chamber, and the sedimentation combustion chamber, respectively; a first raw material supply device supplying a first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber in a first supply amount; a second raw material supply device supplying a second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber in a second supply amount, wherein the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and the ratio of carbon to oxygen are lower than that of the first raw material; and an operation control unit that independently controls the operation of the first raw material supply device and the second raw material supply device, wherein the operation control unit, based on the temperature in the main combustion chamber or the temperature in the sedimentation combustion chamber, A pyrolysis device configured to adjust the ratio of a first supply amount to the second supply amount. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 A pyrolysis device according to claim 1, further comprising a third raw material supply device for supplying the first raw material to the main combustion chamber and a fourth raw material supply device for supplying the second raw material to the main combustion chamber. Claim 4 A pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the third aeration device so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range. Claim 5 In paragraph 4, the third aeration device comprises a wind box disposed below the settling combustion chamber, a fluidizing gas supply line connected to the wind box, a temperature controller installed in the fluidizing gas supply line, and a gas flow control valve installed in the fluidizing gas supply line, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of at least one of the temperature controller and the gas flow control valve so that the temperature inside the settling combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range, a pyrolysis device. Claim 6 A pyrolysis device according to claim 1, further comprising a heat recovery unit for recovering heat from a fluid medium within the sedimentation combustion chamber, wherein the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the heat recovery unit so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within a predetermined temperature range. Claim 7 A pyrolysis device according to claim 6, wherein the heat recovery unit comprises a heat transfer tube disposed within the sedimentation combustion chamber and a refrigerant flow control valve for controlling the flow rate of a cooling medium flowing within the heat transfer tube, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the refrigerant flow control valve so that the temperature within the sedimentation combustion chamber converges within the predetermined temperature range. Claim 8 In claim 6, the third aeration device comprises a plurality of wind boxes disposed below the settling combustion chamber, a plurality of fluidizing gas supply lines each connected to the plurality of wind boxes, and a plurality of gas flow control valves each installed in the plurality of fluidizing gas supply lines, and the operation control unit is configured to control the operation of the plurality of gas flow control valves such that the opening degrees of the plurality of gas flow control valves are different from each other, a pyrolysis device. Claim 9 A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first aeration device comprises at least one first fluidizing gas supply source for supplying the first fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis chamber, and the first fluidizing gas supply source comprises at least one supply source for supplying at least one of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, steam, and nitrogen gas. Claim 10 delete Claim 11 delete Claim 12 delete Claim 13 delete Claim 14 delete Claim 15 delete Claim 16 delete Claim 17 delete Claim 18 delete Claim 19 delete Claim 20 delete Claim 21 delete Claim 22 delete Claim 23 delete Claim 24 delete Claim 25 delete Claim 26 delete Claim 27 delete

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