Wetland management decision support system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wetland management decision support system capable of visually providing basic data that forms the basis for systematically managing, evaluating, and restoring wetlands. To this end, the present invention provides a wetland management decision support system comprising: a wetland database unit that stores wetland data including the location, area, and species diversity index of each wetland; a wetland basic status unit that visually provides the status of wetlands nationwide on a map according to user input; and a wetland management unit that derives candidate sites for protected areas and candidate sites for restoration and calculates priorities. Therefore, according to the present invention, there is an advantage in that it can enhance the efficiency of wetland management by providing basic data for the systematic management of all wetlands in the country.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wetland management decision support system, and specifically, to a wetland management decision support system that visually provides basic data serving as a basis for systematically managing, evaluating, and restoring wetlands. Background Technology

[0002] Wetlands are a type of natural ecosystem where water and soil meet, and wetland management refers to a series of management activities aimed at maintaining, protecting, and restoring the health of the wetland environment. Wetlands possess unique biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services, such as regulating natural disasters like floods and droughts, storing greenhouse gases, and purifying water quality. Therefore, a scientific background and various technologies are required to preserve these important roles of wetlands.

[0003] To understand wetland management, technologies for wetland water management and quality improvement, biodiversity protection, greenhouse gas storage and climate change adaptation, monitoring and data management, and water management and quality improvement are required.

[0004] According to prior art registered patent No. 10-1316783, a method for restoring an estuary wetland ecosystem is disclosed, which involves transplanting or sowing food plants for migratory birds in wetland areas where migratory birds stay to form abundant food resources.

[0005] Specifically, the prior art provides a method for restoring an estuary wetland ecosystem comprising the steps of: selecting a restoration site; forming a transplanting space of a certain size at the restoration site; maintaining a separation space of a certain distance from the transplanting space and forming another transplanting space; and transplanting the herbaceous plants into the transplanting space.

[0006] According to this conventional technology, there is an advantage in that food resources for migratory birds can be formed by transplanting or sowing food plants in wetland areas, thereby inducing the return of migratory birds.

[0007] However, even with conventional technology, comprehensive and systematic management methods are not provided, such as evaluating the excellence of domestic inland wetlands and identifying candidate areas for the protection or restoration of wetlands, in addition to retrieving basic information about wetlands or restoration methods for specific wetlands. The problem to be solved

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned problems, specifically by providing basic data based on spatial information for the systematic management of inland wetlands in Korea, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wetland management.

[0009] In addition, the aim is to protect wetlands, enhance ecosystem services, increase understanding of wetlands, and expand the benefits provided by wetlands. means of solving the problem

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, the present invention provides a wetland management decision support system characterized by comprising: a wetland basic status unit that provides information on the current status of wetlands nationwide according to user input; a wetland protection unit that derives candidate sites for protected areas for wetlands of high value by utilizing the current status of wetland biodiversity and ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic data; and a wetland restoration unit that identifies reference wetlands with high naturalness to derive candidate sites for wetland restoration, calculates a reference wetland evaluation index, calculates a damage index through a damage diagnosis module that evaluates the degree of damage of the analysis target area, and then evaluates priorities and quantitatively evaluates restoration effects by synthesizing the reference wetland evaluation index and the damage index.

[0011] It is desirable for the aforementioned Wetland Protection Department to convert various source data into a unified format and derive candidate sites for wetland protection areas based on ecological, hydrological, carbon, and socioeconomic information, including biodiversity.

[0012] It is desirable for the aforementioned wetland restoration department to evaluate the contribution to carbon neutrality by converting the expected effects of restoration on candidate sites into monetary value. Effects of the invention

[0013] According to the present invention, there is an advantage in that it can enhance the efficiency of wetland management by providing basic data for the systematic management of all inland wetlands in the country.

[0014] In addition, it aims to protect wetlands, enhance ecosystem services, and increase the benefits provided by wetlands. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0015] FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a wetland management decision support system according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is an example diagram showing the screen of the wetland inventory inquiry section; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the composition of the Wetland Environment Excellence Evaluation Department; Figure 4 is an example diagram showing the results of an environmental excellence evaluation by the result display unit. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0016] The configuration and operation of a specific embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0017] Referring to FIG. 1, the wetland management decision support system according to the present invention may be provided in a server form and is configured to include a wetland basic status unit (2000), a wetland management unit (6000), and a wetland database unit (7000).

[0018] The above wetland basic status section (2000) has the role of searching for the status of each wetland across the country and displaying it on a map so that the user can easily know it, and includes a wetland inventory inquiry section (2100) and a biodiversity inquiry section (2300).

[0019] The above wetland inventory inquiry unit (2100) includes an input unit, a result display unit, and a map display unit.

[0020] The above input section may include a region input section and a wetland type input section. In the region input section, input can be made by using a mouse to input on a map or by selecting the region to be searched; in this case, it is preferable to input using the administrative district name.

[0021] In this wetland management decision support system, wetland types are classified and stored as river wetlands, lake wetlands, mountain wetlands, artificial wetlands, and estuary wetlands, and the user can select at least one of the above wetlands.

[0022] The above wetland database section (7000) stores data such as the location, name, type, area, depth, whether it is a general wetland or a protected wetland, species diversity index, cooling effect index, health assessment index, climate change sensitivity index, and past wetland area.

[0023] In addition, the map display unit stores GPS data, latitude, and longitude data for the target area, and receives a specific area input by the user or displays a screen for a selected area. Furthermore, the map display unit is equipped with satellite maps and standard maps for the same area and can display the map selected by the user.

[0024] The above wetland inventory inquiry unit (2100) detects the region and wetland type entered by the input unit from the wetland database unit and displays the corresponding wetland in the result display unit.

[0025] The above result display unit can display data such as wetland name, wetland type, and wetland location in sorted order, and when a specific wetland is selected by a click signal, etc., the location of the corresponding wetland is transmitted to the map display unit, and the map display unit changes the color of the wetland corresponding to that location to display it.

[0026] In addition, the map display unit detects and displays detailed data regarding a wetland from the wetland database unit when a specific location on the map is selected via a selection function or the like, provided that the location is a wetland. The detailed data may include wetland type, area, latitude, longitude, etc.

[0027] The above biodiversity inquiry unit (2300) enables the user to view the biodiversity status of a selected wetland by detecting and displaying data from a database, such as species richness, number of legally protected species, number of climate change indicator species, ratio of wetland plants, and ratio of alien species and ecosystem-disturbing species, of the selected wetland at the user's request.

[0028] The above wetland management department (6000) includes a wetland environment excellence evaluation department (6900), a wetland protection department (6200), a wetland restoration department (6400), and a wetland value department (6600).

[0029] The above-mentioned wetland environment excellence evaluation department (6900) is configured to evaluate the environmental excellence of domestic inland wetlands in a long-term and quantitative manner using satellite-based wide-area data, and in particular, includes a technical configuration to build a standardized database based on major factors such as hydrological, meteorological, topographical, and vegetation-related elements, and to quantitatively evaluate the environmental excellence of individual wetlands using this database.

[0030] More specifically, referring to FIG. 3, the wetland environment excellence evaluation unit (6900) includes a data collection unit (6910), a data preprocessing unit (6930), and a result display unit (6970).

[0031] The data collection department (6910) obtains environmental data collected over the entire region of South Korea through satellite platforms (MODIS, Landsat-8, Copernicus, etc.). The collected factors may consist of 13 types, including potential evapotranspiration (PET), latent heat flux (LE), normalized difference water index (NDWI), digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, land use land cover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), gross primary productivity (GPP), and net primary productivity (NPP), which are key indicators that can quantitatively reflect the ecological characteristics and changes of inland wetlands in Korea.

[0032] The above data can be stored in the wetland database and can be obtained through spatial information platforms that provide NASA's MODIS, Landsat-8, Copernicus DEM GLO-30, land cover maps, etc.

[0033] The data preprocessing unit (6930) performs the process of unifying and normalizing the collected raw data into time and spatial units. For example, various data with different spatial resolutions (30m, 250m, 500m, etc.) are converted into a unified spatial resolution through interpolation and statistical processing, and time series data produced in 16-day or 8-day units are converted into monthly or yearly units and standardized into a form suitable for analysis. This enables comparison between wetlands and precise spatiotemporal analysis.

[0034] In this embodiment, a survey was conducted targeting domestic wetland experts and personnel to evaluate environmental excellence, and representative excellent wetland and vulnerable wetland areas were selected and labeled “1” and “0”, respectively. Based on this labeling data, a machine learning model with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) structure was constructed and trained using data from 2023. Subsequently, the trained evaluation model was applied to a standardized wetland database from 2020 to 2022 to calculate the environmental excellence index for each year.

[0035] Referring to FIG. 4, the result display unit (6970) visually provides the user with the results of the environmental excellence assessment and detailed data for each factor, thereby helping to provide an intuitive understanding of the environmental status of individual wetlands. This functions as a key tool that can be utilized for future conservation policy formulation, budget allocation, and priority response to hazardous areas.

[0036] With this configuration, the Wetland Environment Excellence Assessment Department (6900) overcomes the limitations of the existing field-centered manual survey system and supports consistent and quantitative monitoring of inland wetlands across the country in terms of time and space. Furthermore, it is possible to continuously track long-term changes in the inland wetland environment, which has a very high potential for use in various fields, such as establishing an early warning system for wetland management, deriving wetland management priorities, and formulating conservation strategies.

[0037] The above-mentioned wetland protection department (6200) establishes a wetland protection strategy and derives candidate sites for designating wetland protection areas. To this end, the above-mentioned wetland protection department divides wetlands into general wetlands and protected wetlands and manages them differently according to each type.

[0038] Specifically, the goal is to enhance the conservation value of general wetlands so that they can be designated as protected wetlands, and a species diversity index is calculated using the species richness and the number of legally protected species of each wetland. The calculated results are used as decision-making data by the Wetland Management Department, which will be described later, when identifying candidate sites for selection as protected areas.

[0039] The above species richness refers to the number of species inhabiting the area, and the Biodiversity Inquiry Department calculates the Species Richness Standardized Index (SRSI) for all general wetlands as follows.

[0040] SRSI = (SR - SR_min) / (SR_max - SR_min)

[0041] SR represents the species richness of a specific wetland, SR_max represents the maximum value of species richness, and SR_min represents the minimum value of species richness.

[0042] In addition, the Biodiversity Inquiry Department calculates the Standardized Index of Legally Protected Species (PSSI) for all general wetlands as follows.

[0043] PSSI = (PS - PS_min) / (PS_max - PS_min)

[0044] PS represents the number of legally protected species in a specific wetland, PS_max represents the maximum number of legally protected species, and PS_min represents the minimum number of legally protected species.

[0045] In addition, the Biodiversity Inquiry Department calculates the Species Diversity Index (SDI) by multiplying the above standardized index of species richness and standardized index of the number of legally protected species by a weight α.

[0046] SDI = α×SRSI + (1-α)×PSSI

[0047] For example, with α = 0.3, the species diversity index can be calculated as SDI = 0.3×SRSI + 0.7×PSSI.

[0048] Wetlands with a high biodiversity index indicate high species richness and a large number of legally protected species, meaning they are highly likely to be designated as protected wetlands in the future.

[0049] The wetland protection department (6200) of the wetland management department detects the above species diversity index in the biodiversity inquiry department and derives wetlands where the species diversity index of the target area is greater than or equal to the set value as candidate sites for designation as wetland protection areas.

[0050] It is desirable that the aforementioned setting value is not a single fixed value, but rather calculated based on data and periodically adjusted to account for time-series changes and regional variations in the data. Specifically, (i) the SDI distribution for each base year is calculated (simultaneously at the national and regional / ecological zone levels), and (ii) the point where the F1-score is maximized on the Receiver Operational Characteristics (ROC) curve is derived as a candidate setting value through comparative evaluation with past protected site designation history, expert review results, or reference labels (excellent / vulnerable labels). Among these candidates, the value that maximizes expected utility, reflecting policy objectives (weighted costs for false positives and non-detections), budget constraints, and the capacity of management personnel, can be adopted as the final setting value.

[0051] The weight α can be determined by one or more of the following procedures.

[0052] First, the relative weights of species richness and the number of legally protected species are obtained by conducting pairwise comparisons (AHP) or intuitive importance assessments on experts in the field of ecology and conservation, and these are converted into α = w_SR / (w_SR + w_PS).

[0053] Second, the degree of agreement with the past protection designation history or the labels described in this specification (excellent=1, vulnerable=0) is set as the objective function, and cross-validation is performed at α∈[0,1] to select the α that maximizes performance indicators such as AUROC, AUPRC, and F1.

[0054] Third, the relative importance of the target indicator is reflected in α, such as by relatively lowering the value of α (increasing the weight of PSSI) when the conservation of legally protected species is the priority, and conversely, by adjusting α upward when the goal is to expand species richness.

[0055] Meanwhile, regarding protected wetlands, the goal is to maintain and expand the excellent wetland value, and after standardizing the number of legally protected species, the number of climate change indicator species, the ratio of wetland plants, and the ratio of alien species and ecosystem disturbing species, a standard index is calculated by averaging the four standardized values.

[0056] Here, wetland plant ratio = (number of absolute wetland plants + number of arbitrary wetland plants) / total number of plant species

[0057] The ratio of alien species and ecosystem disturbing species is calculated as = 1 - (number of alien species and ecosystem disturbing species / total number of plant species).

[0058] In addition, the standardized value can be calculated as = (corresponding value - minimum value of each sector) / (maximum value of each sector - minimum value of each sector).

[0059] Areas with a low standard index mean that management measures should be applied to further enhance the ecological characteristics of the protected wetland.

[0060] The aforementioned Wetland Protection Department periodically collects data provided by agencies such as the Ministry of Environment, the Korea Meteorological Administration, and the National Geographic Information Institute, as well as satellite imagery and drone and field survey data, by bundling them into a single pipeline.

[0061] The Wetland Protection Department can calculate the Biodiversity Index, which may include the Species Diversity Index and weighted scores for rare and endangered species. A higher Biodiversity Index value indicates greater value for a protected area, and this can be utilized as data to support decision-making.

[0062] Each index value can be normalized by adjusting the data range and used to derive candidate sites.

[0063] The above wetland restoration unit (6400) scientifically identifies candidate areas for wetland restoration and quantitatively evaluates the effects of the restored wetland. To this end, the above wetland restoration unit includes a priority evaluation module (6460).

[0064] The aforementioned priority evaluation module collects data from the data collection and storage module, such as digital elevation models, real-time water level and flow rate data, land cover maps, precipitation, satellite data, individual officially assessed land prices or land characteristics data by lot number, population density, aging rate data (Statistics Korea), and location data of transportation facilities, to derive candidate areas for wetland restoration.

[0065] The above priority evaluation module (6460) performs the function of selecting priority restoration sites by comprehensively evaluating the ecological value, feasibility of restoration, and expected effects of the areas designated as restoration candidate sites.

[0066] The indicators used at this time are broadly divided into three categories.

[0067] (1) Ease of restoration indicators: land ownership type (ratio of state-owned land), accessibility, cost (based on officially assessed land value), area

[0068] (2) Indicators of restoration necessity: Degradation Index (DI), Reference Wetland Similarity (RWSI), Ecological Connectivity, Legal Designation Eligibility

[0069] (3) Indicators for predicting restoration effects: hydrological recovery potential, habitat restoration rate, and expected increase in biodiversity

[0070] The priority evaluation module calculates a comprehensive priority score in the following form by scoring, normalizing, and assigning weights to each of these.

[0071] The above priority evaluation module is a prediction indicator for restoration effects, and if necessary, additionally considers climate change adaptation support indicators to calculate a comprehensive priority score that comprehensively reflects the effects of improving the thermal environment and contributing to carbon neutrality.

[0072] In the above priority evaluation module, candidate sites are ranked based on the overall priority score, and the top-ranked areas are selected as priority restoration targets.

[0073] The above-mentioned wetland value unit (6600) is a module for quantitatively evaluating the ecological and socioeconomic value of a specific wetland and reflecting this in the management, conservation, and policy decision-making processes. Specifically, the wetland value unit integrates environmental and ecological indicators and socioeconomic data produced from the wetland database unit (7000), wetland protection unit (6200), wetland restoration unit (6400), etc., to quantify the relative value of individual wetlands.

[0074] The aforementioned Wetland Value Division first incorporates the species diversity index, the presence of rare and endangered species, and habitat connectivity to assess ecological value. Additionally, to evaluate hydrological value and climate regulation functions, it collects and normalizes indicators such as flood reduction effects, water purification capacity, and carbon absorption and storage capacity.

[0075] In terms of socioeconomic value, the tourism and recreational value provided by wetlands, their utilization for education and research, and the monetary value of improvements in the living environment of residents in adjacent areas are comprehensively considered. To this end, public data such as statistics from the Ministry of Environment, the National Geographic Information System, climate data from the Korea Meteorological Administration, and population and economic statistics are linked and utilized.

[0076] The Wetland Value Department scores these ecological and socioeconomic values ​​separately and calculates the final Wetland Value Index (WVI) by applying a weighted-based comprehensive evaluation formula.

[0077] Specifically, ecological value reflects the Species Diversity Index (SDI), Rare and Endangered Species (RS) habitat, Celestial Environment Index (CEI), Hydrological Function (HF), and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Socioeconomic value includes Ecotourism Potential (ET), Educational and Research Utility (ER), Local Community Benefit Index (LCB), and the Economic Value (CV) of expected post-restoration effects, and can be calculated as a weighted sum of each element.

[0078] The calculated Wetland Value Index can be used for comparing and prioritizing multiple wetlands, and intuitively demonstrates the policy importance of sites targeted for management and restoration.

[0079] Therefore, the Wetland Value Department (6600) provides a comprehensive evaluation function that encompasses not only environmental excellence but also social impact, thereby supporting decision-makers in efficiently allocating limited budgets and resources.

[0080] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims. Explanation of the symbols

[0081] 2000 : Wetland Basic Status Register 2100 : Wetland Inventory Inquiry Register 2300 : Biodiversity Inquiry Department 2500 : Wetland Environment Excellence Assessment Department 2510 : Data Collection Department 2530 : Data Preprocessing Department 2550 : Environmental Excellence Evaluation Department 2570 : Result display section 6000 : Wetland Management Department 6200 : Wetland Protection Department 6210 : Data Collection and Storage Module 6220 : Spatial Data Normalization Module 6230 : Surface Production / Candidate Site Construction Module 6400 : Wetland Restoration Section 6460 : Priority Evaluation Module 6600 : Wetland Value Unit 7000 : Wetland Database Department

Claims

Claim 1 A wetland database unit that stores wetland data including the location, area, and species diversity of each wetland; a wetland basic status unit that visually provides the basic status of wetlands nationwide on a map based on user input; A wetland management decision support system comprising a wetland management unit that derives candidate sites for wetland protection areas and candidate sites for restoration and calculates the priority of wetland management, wherein the wetland management unit includes a wetland protection unit that derives protection targets for general wetlands, and wherein the wetland protection unit is characterized by deriving wetlands above a set value as candidates for protection areas by standardizing using SRSI = (SR - SR_min) / (SR_max - SR_min) (SR is the species richness of a specific wetland, SR_max is the maximum value of species richness, SR_min is the minimum value of species richness) and PSSI = (PS - PS_min) / (PS_max - PS_min) (PS is the number of legally protected species of a specific wetland, PS_max is the maximum value of legally protected species, PS_min is the minimum value of legally protected species), and then calculating the species diversity index using SDI = α×SRSI + (1-α)×PSSI. Claim 2 A wetland management decision support system according to claim 1, wherein the wetland management unit comprises: a wetland protection unit that derives candidate sites for protected areas based on a species diversity index calculated based on the species richness of general wetlands and the number of legally protected species; a wetland restoration unit that selects candidate sites for restoration using a reference wetland evaluation index and a damage index, and calculates priority restoration target sites by synthesizing indicators of ease of restoration, necessity, and effect prediction; and a priority evaluation module that evaluates the effect of restoration by converting the effect provided by the restoration effect into a monetary value. Claim 3 delete

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