Composite polyurea-based waterproofing layer and method for forming the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite waterproof layer composed of a non-woven fabric layer, a waterproof sheet layer, and a surface layer, and a method for forming the same, wherein the surface layer comprises a polyurea-based cross-linked polymer. The composite waterproof layer of the present invention not only exhibits excellent waterproofing properties but also possesses excellent durability and chemical resistance due to the superior bonding strength between the waterproof sheet layer and the surface layer and the high hardness of the surface layer itself. Furthermore, it is easy to install regardless of the shape of the structure, such as floors, walls, or surfaces with steps, and can minimize the impact of moisture in the construction environment, thereby ensuring an excellent appearance without the occurrence of pinholes. Additionally, the waterproof layer can be easily removed in the future, which can reduce removal costs.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a composite waterproof layer composed of a nonwoven fabric layer, a waterproof sheet layer, and a surface layer, and a method for forming the same, wherein the surface layer comprises a polyurea-based cross-linked polymer. Background Technology

[0002] For structures such as rooftops, the installation of a waterproofing layer is essential to prevent water leakage and the resulting aging and corrosion. Waterproofing methods are classified into asphalt waterproofing, sheet waterproofing, and membrane waterproofing, depending on the type of material and construction method. Asphalt waterproofing involves applying high-temperature asphalt to form a waterproof layer; while it allows for low cost and proper installation, it has low durability and requires periodic maintenance. Sheet waterproofing is a method of forming a waterproof layer by covering the surface of a structure with synthetic materials, such as vinyl, rubber, or polymers, and is secured to the structure through adhesives, welding, or mechanical bonding. Although this method is easy to install and provides long-lasting waterproofing, it lacks durability and can be vulnerable to damage from strong impacts, which may require a separate curing agent.

[0003] Membrane waterproofing is a method of forming a waterproof layer by applying a liquid waterproofing material to the surface of a structure. Polyurea is a rapidly curing polymer that transforms into a solid within seconds to minutes, providing waterproofing and rust prevention functions, making it a widely used material for membrane waterproofing.

[0004] However, the aforementioned polyurea application must be performed under conditions where the moisture content is 8% or less; otherwise, pinhole phenomena, where the surface layer swells, are likely to occur. Furthermore, the waterproofing layer is not permanent and requires re-application over time. Although various attempts have been made regarding the aforementioned membrane waterproofing application, improvements are still needed due to issues such as sheet deformation, insufficient adhesion, and the destruction of the waterproofing layer caused by the dissolution of the asphalt layer. Therefore, there is still a need for technical improvements regarding composite waterproofing layers and methods for forming them that offer excellent waterproofing and durability while being easy to apply and cost-effective for maintenance. Prior art literature

[0005] Republic of Korea Registered Patent No. 10-0975534 The problem to be solved

[0006] The present invention can provide a composite waterproofing layer with excellent water resistance, durability, and chemical resistance. In addition, it can provide a composite waterproofing layer with a uniform surface and excellent appearance. Furthermore, it can provide a composite waterproofing layer that facilitates easy installation and removal. means of solving the problem

[0007] A composite waterproof layer according to one embodiment of the present invention is a composite waterproof layer formed on a substrate surface including a building or a metal surface, and may comprise: a nonwoven fabric layer formed on the substrate surface; a waterproof sheet layer comprising polyester and polyvinyl chloride formed on the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer; and a surface layer comprising a polyurea-based cross-linked polymer prepared by including an isocyanate-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a polyetheralkyl polyol on the surface of the waterproof sheet layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the total number of moles of the amine compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol combined for 1 mole of the isocyanate compound in the surface layer may be 0.8 to 1.2 moles, and the weight ratio of the amine compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol may be 1:5 to 5:1.

[0009] In one embodiment, the amine-based compound may comprise a low molecular weight amine compound of 50 to 400 g / mol and a high molecular weight polyetheralkylamine of 500 to 3000 g / mol.

[0010] In one embodiment, the polyetheralkylamine may be included in an amount of 20 to 90 weight% relative to the total weight of the amine-based compound.

[0011] In one embodiment, the polyetheralkylamine comprises one or more of polyetheralkyldiamine and polyetheralkyltriamine, and the alkyl may comprise one or more of methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, and tert-butyl group.

[0012] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the polyetheralkylpolyol may be 1,000 to 6,000 g / mol.

[0013] In one embodiment, the polyetheralkylpolyol comprises one or more of polyetheralkyldiols and polyetheralkyltriols, and the alkyl may comprise one or more of methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, isopropyl groups, butyl groups, isobutyl groups, and tert-butyl groups.

[0014] In one embodiment, the isocyanate compound may comprise one or more from the group consisting of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexanediisocyanate, 1,3-biisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, hexamethylene triisocyanate, isophorone triisocyanate, and toluene-2,4,6-triisocyanate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the polyester may comprise 30 to 90 weight percent with respect to the total weight of the waterproof sheet layer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the hardness of the surface layer may be Shore D 50 to 80.

[0017] A method for forming a composite waterproof layer according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: forming a nonwoven fabric layer on a substrate surface of a building surface or a metal surface; forming a waterproof sheet layer comprising polyester and polyvinyl chloride on the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer; and forming a surface layer by spraying an isocyanate-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a polyetheralkyl polyol onto the surface of the waterproof sheet layer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the step of forming the surface layer may be formed by spraying a first liquid containing an isocyanate-based compound and a second liquid containing an amine-based compound and a polyetheralkyl polyol.

[0019] In one embodiment, the temperature at which the first liquid and the second liquid are sprayed may be 40 to 100 ℃, and the spray pressure may be 100 to 250 bar.

[0020] In one embodiment, an adhesive layer may be further included between the substrate and the nonwoven fabric layer. Effects of the invention

[0021] The composite waterproof layer of the present invention, comprising a nonwoven fabric layer, a waterproof sheet layer, and a surface layer, not only has excellent waterproofing properties, but also has excellent bonding strength between the waterproof sheet layer and the surface layer and high hardness of the surface layer itself, so it can also have excellent durability and chemical resistance.

[0022] The method for forming a composite waterproof layer according to the present invention can omit the surface preparation process and facilitates construction regardless of the shape of the structure, such as floors, walls, or structures with steps. Since the influence of moisture in the construction environment can be minimized, the appearance can be excellent, such as by preventing pinhole phenomena.

[0023] In addition, the composite waterproofing layer of the present invention is easy to remove when demolished in the future, so demolition costs can be reduced. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0024] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment in which a composite waterproof layer of the present invention is formed on the surface of a substrate. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0025] Unless otherwise defined in this specification, all technical and scientific terms have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms used in the description herein are merely for the purpose of effectively describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] The singular form used in this specification is intended to include the plural form unless specifically indicated otherwise in the context.

[0027] Throughout this specification, the terms “comprising,” “having,” “containing,” or “having” any component mean that, unless specifically stated otherwise, other components are not excluded but may be included, and do not exclude elements, materials, or processes not additionally listed.

[0028] The numerical ranges used herein include lower and upper limits and all values ​​within the range, increments logically derived from the form and width of the defined range, all of which are limited, and all possible combinations of upper and lower limits of the numerical range defined in different forms. Unless otherwise specifically defined in this specification, values ​​outside the numerical range that may occur due to experimental error or rounding are also included in the defined numerical range.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically defined in this specification, “about” may be considered to be a value within 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% of the specified value.

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below. However, this is merely illustrative and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described illustratively.

[0031] A composite waterproof layer according to one embodiment of the present invention is a composite waterproof layer formed on a substrate surface including a building or a metal surface, and may comprise: a nonwoven fabric layer formed on the substrate surface; a waterproof sheet layer comprising polyester and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) formed on the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer; and a surface layer comprising a polyurea-based cross-linked polymer prepared by including an isocyanate-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a polyetheralkyl polyol on the surface of the waterproof sheet layer. The isocyanate-based compound and the amine-based compound may react to form a urea bond, and the isocyanate-based compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol may react to form a urethane bond. In one embodiment, the polyurea-based cross-linked polymer may include a urea bond, a urethane bond, or a combination thereof within a single polymer chain.

[0032] In one embodiment, the total number of moles of the amine compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol combined with respect to 1 mole of the isocyanate compound in the surface layer may be 0.8 to 1.2 moles, and more preferably 1:1. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the amine compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol may be 1:5 to 5:1. The weight ratio may be, for example, 1:4 to 4:1, 1:3 to 3:1, or 1:2 to 2:1, and more preferably 1:1. When the weight ratio of the amine compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol satisfies the above weight ratio, a composite waterproof layer with excellent durability, chemical resistance, and impact resistance can be provided. In addition, a composite waterproof layer with good durability and easy removal can be provided due to excellent adhesion to the waterproof sheet layer.

[0033] In one embodiment, the amine-based compound may comprise a low molecular weight amine compound of 50 to 400 g / mol and a high molecular weight polyetheralkylamine of 500 to 3000 g / mol. The molecular weight may refer to the weight-average molecular weight. The molecular weight of the low molecular weight amine compound may be 50 g / mol or more, 100 g / mol or more, 150 g / mol or more, 400 g / mol or less, 350 g / mol or less, 300 g / mol or less, 250 g / mol or less, or a value between these. In addition, the molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyetheralkylamine may be 500 g / mol or more, 800 g / mol or more, 1000 g / mol or more, 3000 g / mol or less, 2500 g / mol or less, 2000 g / mol or less, 1500 g / mol or less, and may be a value between these.

[0034] In one embodiment, the low molecular weight amine compound may comprise the structure of the following chemical formula 1.

[0035] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0036]

[0037] R is a C1-C3 alkyl group, m can be 3, and n can be 2. More specifically, R can be composed of one methyl group (-CH3) and two ethyl groups (-C2H5).

[0038] The above low molecular weight amine compound and the above high molecular weight polyetheralkylamine can form a polyurea polymer in a short time through polymerization with an isocyanate-based compound. The above polyurea polymer may be a block copolymer having both a hard segment with high crystallinity and a soft segment with low crystallinity and flexibility. Specifically, the urea bonding region formed by the polymerization of the low molecular weight amine compound and the isocyanate-based compound forms a hard segment due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, while the region formed by the polymerization of the high molecular weight polyetheralkylamine and the isocyanate-based compound forms a soft segment. The inventors have discovered that applying a modified polyurea through a combination of amine-based compounds having an appropriate molecular weight can increase the durability and impact resistance of the surface layer, and furthermore, the composite waterproof layer.

[0039] In one embodiment, the polyetheralkylamine may be included in an amount of 20 to 90 weight% relative to the total weight of the amine-based compound. For example, the polyetheralkylamine may be 20 weight% or more, 25 weight% or more, 30 weight% or more, 35 weight% or more, 40 weight% or more, 45 weight% or more, 50 weight% or more, 90 weight% or less, 85 weight% or less, 80 weight% or less, 75 weight% or less, 70 weight% or less, 65 weight% or less, 60 weight% or less, 55 weight% or less, or a value between these. The inventors have discovered that the durability and impact resistance of the composite waterproof layer can be significantly increased by adjusting the ratio of hard segments and soft segments within the above ranges. In addition, when using a low molecular weight amine compound alone, the curing speed is very fast, making it difficult to secure a waterproof layer of uniform thickness; however, when including a polyetheralkylamine within the above range, a composite waterproof layer with uniform thickness and excellent appearance can be provided by controlling the curing speed.

[0040] In one embodiment, the polyetheralkylamine comprises one or more of polyetheralkyldiamine and polyetheralkyltriamine, and the alkyl group may comprise one or more of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl groups. For example, the polyetheralkylamine may include polyetherethyldiamine, polyethermethyldiamine, polyetherpropyldiamine, polyetherisopropyldiamine, polyetherbutylamine, polyetherbutyldiamine, polyetherisobutylamine, polyethertert-butyldiamine, polyetherpropyltriamine, or polyetherisopropyltriamine.

[0041] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the polyether polyol may be 1,000 to 6,000 g / mol. The molecular weight may refer to the weight-average molecular weight. For example, it may be 1,000 g / mol or more, 1,500 g / mol or more, 2,000 g / mol or more, 2,500 g / mol or more, 6,000 g / mol or less, 5,500 g / mol or less, 5,000 g / mol or less, 4,500 g / mol or less, 4,000 g / mol or less, 3,500 g / mol or less, and may be a value between these.

[0042] In one embodiment, the polyetheralkylpolyol comprises one or more of polyetheralkyldiols and polyetheralkyltriols, and the alkyl may comprise one or more of methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, isopropyl groups, butyl groups, isobutyl groups, and tert-butyl groups. For example, the polyetheralkyl polyol may include polyether ethyldiol, polyether methyldiol, polyether propyl diol, polyether isopropyl diol, polyether butyl diol, polyether isobutyl diol, polyether tert-butyl diol, polyether propyl triol, or polyether isopropyl triol.

[0043] In one embodiment, the isocyanate compound may comprise one or more compounds from the group consisting of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-isocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate), 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, hexamethylene triisocyanate, isophorone triisocyanate, and toluene-2,4,6-triisocyanate, but is not limited thereto.

[0044] As described above, polyfunctional isocyanate-based compounds, polyfunctional amine-based compounds, or polyfunctional polyetheralkyl polyols having three or more functional groups can form cross-links. By including a compound having an appropriate level of polyfunctional functional groups, a composite waterproof layer with excellent durability and impact resistance can be enhanced.

[0045] In one embodiment, the polyester may comprise 30 to 90 weight percent with respect to the total weight of the waterproof sheet layer. For example, it may be 30 weight percent or more, 35 weight percent or more, 40 weight percent or more, 45 weight percent or more, 50 weight percent or more, 55 weight percent or more, 60 weight percent or more, 65 weight percent or more, 70 weight percent or more, 75 weight percent or more, 90 weight percent or less, 95 weight percent or less, or a value between these. Since polyester has excellent mechanical strength and durability and polyvinyl chloride has good chemical resistance and flexibility, a waterproof sheet layer satisfying the above weight ratio may have excellent strength and be easy to install.

[0046] The above waterproof sheet layer may be formed by extruding a polyester resin into a film using a T-die or casting extruder, and then laminating and coating it with polyvinyl chloride on both sides or on one side. The coating method may be performed by extrusion coating or lamination, but is not limited thereto. The above polyester resin may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or a copolymer thereof. The viscosity of the polyester may be 0.5 to 0.9 dL / g, preferably 0.6 to 0.8 dL / g, and more preferably 0.6 to 0.7 dL / g. The viscosity may be measured using a capillary viscometer (Ubbelohde), which is a measurement method commonly used in the polyester industry. A composite waterproof layer comprising a waterproof sheet layer satisfying the above conditions may have excellent waterproofing and durability, and may facilitate easier construction and removal work. In addition, it is advantageous to have excellent adhesion to the polyurea-based cross-linked waterproof layer and to further enhance the waterproofing effect. Specifically, the waterproof sheet layer may comprise 80% by weight of polyester (PET) and 20% by weight of polyvinyl chloride, and in the present invention, this may be referred to as 'TP fabric'.

[0047] In one embodiment, the nonwoven fabric layer may comprise a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, or a combination thereof, and in the present invention, a commercially available polyethylene (PE) nonwoven fabric layer was used.

[0048] In one embodiment, the thickness of the nonwoven fabric may be 0.5 to 5 mm, the thickness of the waterproof sheet layer may be 0.1 to 5 mm, and the thickness of the surface layer may be 0.5 to 5 mm. A composite waterproof layer having the above thickness range is economical to construct and can exhibit functional characteristics such as waterproofness and durability.

[0049] In one embodiment, the hardness of the surface layer may be Shore D 50 to 80. If the Shore D hardness is less than 50, the surface layer may become more flexible than necessary, which may reduce durability. Conversely, if it exceeds 80, the risk of cracking or damage may increase. Therefore, the composite waterproof layer of the present invention satisfying the above hardness may have excellent durability and impact resistance.

[0050] A method for forming a composite waterproof layer according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: forming a nonwoven fabric layer on a substrate surface of a building surface or a metal surface; forming a waterproof sheet layer comprising polyester and polyvinyl chloride on the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer; and forming a surface layer by spraying an isocyanate-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a polyetheralkyl polyol onto the surface of the waterproof sheet layer.

[0051] In one embodiment, the step of forming the surface layer may be formed by spraying a first liquid containing an isocyanate-based compound and a second liquid containing an amine-based compound and a polyether polyol.

[0052] In one embodiment, the temperature at which the first and second liquids are sprayed may be 40 to 100°C, and the spraying pressure may be 100 to 250 bar. The surface layer may undergo a reaction within a few seconds to a few minutes when the first and second liquids are sprayed, and the reaction may occur more uniformly and at a suitable rate under the above conditions, but is not limited thereto.

[0053] In one embodiment, the step of forming the surface layer may be formed by spraying a first solution containing an isocyanate-based compound, a second solution containing an amine-based compound, and a third solution containing a polyetheralkyl polyol. Alternatively, the surface layer may be formed by mixing the first solution and the second solution and spraying them simultaneously.

[0054] In one embodiment, the first and second liquids may further include, as needed, additives such as a curing catalyst, a foaming agent, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, a thickening agent, a flame retardant, a UV stabilizer, and a moisture absorbent. The additives are not particularly limited as long as they are substances known in the art and their equivalents.

[0055] In one embodiment, an adhesive layer may be further included between the substrate and the nonwoven fabric layer. The substrate may include various materials such as concrete, metal, plastic, or wood, and the nonwoven fabric layer may be made of synthetic fibers such as polyester or polypropylene. The substrate and the nonwoven fabric layer may be bonded using an adhesive, and in this case, an adhesive layer may be further included between the substrate and the nonwoven fabric layer. Alternatively, the substrate and the nonwoven fabric layer may be bonded through mechanical bonding or heat pressing, and are not particularly limited as long as they are commonly used methods.

[0056] In one embodiment, the nonwoven fabric layer and the waterproof sheet layer are often heat-pressed by applying pressure at high temperatures, and a separate adhesive may be used to improve adhesive performance. The waterproof sheet layer used in the present invention has self-adhesive properties and can be bonded with the nonwoven fabric; furthermore, since it can form a strong bond even with low-temperature heat pressing without a separate adhesive, it can be easily applied as the waterproof sheet layer of the composite waterproof layer of the present invention.

[0057] The above-described embodiment will be explained in more detail below through examples. However, the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the claims.

[0058] [Evaluation Method]

[0059] 1. Waterproof performance

[0060] Twenty-four hours after the application of the composite waterproofing layer, an acrylic tank with an inner diameter of 180 mm and a height of 100 mm was attached to the top of the waterproofing layer, and water was filled to a height of 50 mm and maintained for 24 hours. An initial water level reference line was marked on the acrylic tank, and a plastic wrap and lid were installed to minimize evaporation. After the test was completed, the presence of moisture penetration and the water level on the lower surface of the concrete panel were observed visually, and at the same time, the occurrence of swelling, bubbles, and cracks on the surface of the waterproofing layer was checked. When the tank was installed under the same conditions on the top of a concrete mold panel without a waterproofing layer and left for 24 hours, the water level inside the tank dropped to approximately 30 mm, and moisture penetration on the lower surface of the concrete panel was observed.

[0061] ○ : No change in water level in the tank, and no moisture penetration into the lower surface of the concrete.

[0062] △ : A decrease of 1~5mm in the water level of the tank was observed.

[0063] X: A decrease of 5 mm or more in the water level of the tank was observed, and moisture penetration into the lower surface of the concrete was observed.

[0064] 2. Thickness deviation (%)

[0065] The thickness was measured at 100 mm intervals across the entire front edge of the composite waterproofing layer, and the thickness deviation was derived using the following formula.

[0066] Thickness deviation (%) = (Maximum thickness - Minimum thickness) / Minimum thickness × 100

[0067] 3. Peel strength

[0068] Five specimens were prepared for each composite waterproof layer laminate by cutting it to a size of 25 mm in width and 150 mm in length. Before applying the coating, a free end was formed by marking the surface of the TP fabric at one end of the specimen with a release film. For the peel strength test, the free end of the coating was used as a peel tab and mounted on a universal testing machine (UTM), and tensile was applied at a 180° angle. The peel test was performed at a tensile speed of 300 mm / min, and the average peel strength (N / 25 mm) and failure mode were recorded.

[0069] 4. Impact resistance

[0070] Impact resistance was assessed by dropping a 5 kg test weight from a height of 30 cm onto the composite waterproofing layer to check for cracking, and the degree of cracking was indicated as ○, △, or X. The same point was struck once, and a total of three points were struck; ○ was indicated if no cracks occurred, △ if cracks occurred 1 to 2 times, and X if cracks occurred on all three strikes.

[0071] 5. Hardness

[0072] Hardness was measured using a Shore D durometer (commercial product) in accordance with ASTM D2240. Hardness was recorded at a time of 1 second after applying vertical pressure with an intender. Measurements were taken at 5 different locations, and the average value was calculated.

[0073] 6. Ease of demolition

[0074] After construction was completed, a notch was made in one corner of the laminate to form a tab capable of simultaneously gripping the surface layer and the TP fabric. The formed tab was connected to an electric winch using a clamp bar, and the concrete panel was secured with a fixing jig to evaluate the peelability.

[0075] [Example]

[0076] An epoxy primer layer (KCC, EP170) was applied to the surface of a concrete mold panel (300x300x50 mm), and a polyethylene (PE) nonwoven fabric layer was formed on top of it. Subsequently, a waterproof sheet layer (HDS Industry, TP fabric, polyvinyl chloride film extruded and laminated on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate substrate layer) was heat-pressed and laid on top of the nonwoven fabric layer.

[0077] A first solution containing 100 wt% of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (KCC, Sprthane series) was mixed with 15 wt% of diethyltoluenediamine, 45 wt% of polyetherdiamine (Kukdo Chemical, ZD-1200), and 40 wt% of poly(propylene oxide)triol (Kukdo Chemical, GY-3000) to prepare a second solution. The first and second solutions were each maintained at 60°C and sprayed at a pressure of 200 bar to form a surface layer, thereby forming a composite waterproof layer.

[0078] [Comparative Example 1]

[0079] After preparing the surface of the concrete mold, a composite waterproofing layer was formed by spraying the first and second liquids used in the example at the same content ratio and spraying conditions to form a surface layer, without laying a separate non-woven fabric layer and a waterproofing sheet layer.

[0080] [Comparative Example 2]

[0081] A waterproof sheet layer of the above embodiment was laid on the surface of a concrete mold without a separate non-woven fabric layer, and a composite waterproof layer was formed by spraying the first and second liquids used in the embodiment at the same content ratio and spraying conditions to form a surface layer.

[0082] [Comparative Example 3]

[0083] A non-woven fabric layer was formed on the surface of a concrete mold, and without laying a separate waterproof sheet layer, a composite waterproof layer was formed by spraying the first and second liquids used in the example at the same content ratio and spraying conditions to form a surface layer.

[0084] [Comparative Example 4]

[0085] A nonwoven fabric layer of the example was formed on the surface of a concrete mold, and a waterproof sheet layer was formed thereon. A first solution containing 100 wt% of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and a second solution containing 25 wt% of diethyltoluenediamine and 75 wt% of polyetherdiamine were prepared by mixing. A surface layer was formed by spraying under the same conditions as in the example, and a composite waterproof layer was formed by curing for 24 hours.

[0086] [Comparative Example 5]

[0087] A composite waterproof layer was formed in the same manner as in the example, except that a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waterproof sheet layer was used instead of a TP fabric for the waterproof sheet layer.

[0088] The physical properties of the above examples and comparative examples were measured according to the evaluation method described above and are shown in Table 1 below.

[0089] Waterproof performance Thickness deviation (%) Peel strength (N / mm²) Impact resistance hardness Ease of demolition Examples ○ 3 3.1 ○ 70 ○ Comparative Example 1 △ 11 - X 40 X Comparative Example 2 ○ 6 - △ 55 ○ Comparative Example 3 ○ 5 - X 35 ○ Comparative Example 4 ○ 10 2.3 ○ 60 ○ Comparative Example 5 ○ 4 1.7 △ 55 ○

[0090] As can be seen in Table 1, the composite waterproofing layer of the present invention not only had excellent waterproofing performance but also had a very uniform surface thickness. In addition, it had high hardness and excellent impact resistance. Compared to Comparative Example 4, which used a polyurea coating alone, or Comparative Example 5, which used a PVC waterproofing sheet layer, the composite waterproofing layer of the present invention showed high peel strength between the waterproofing sheet layer and the surface layer, indicating that it had excellent adhesive performance. The above excellent adhesive performance or peel strength can improve the durability and impact resistance of the waterproofing layer, and the composite waterproofing layer integrated with the concrete substrate can be easily peeled off in the future, making removal easier.

[0091] As described above, the present invention has been explained by specific details and limited embodiments; however, this is provided merely to aid in a more comprehensive understanding of the invention, and the invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations from this description.

[0092] Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and all things equivalent to or having equivalent variations to the claims set forth below, as well as the claims set forth below, shall be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Claim 1 A composite waterproof layer formed on a substrate surface including a building or a metal surface, comprising: a nonwoven fabric layer formed on the substrate surface; a waterproof sheet layer comprising polyester and polyvinyl chloride formed on the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer; and a surface layer comprising a polyurea-based crosslinked polymer prepared by including an isocyanate-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a polyetheralkyl polyol on the surface of the waterproof sheet layer; wherein, for every 1 mole of the isocyanate-based compound, the total number of moles of the amine-based compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol combined in the surface layer is 0.8 to 1.2 moles, and the weight ratio of the amine-based compound to the polyetheralkyl polyol is 1:5 to 5:

1. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 1, wherein the amine-based compound comprises a low molecular weight amine compound of 50 to 400 g / mol and a high molecular weight polyetheralkylamine of 500 to 3000 g / mol. Claim 4 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 3, comprising 20 to 90 weight percent of the polyetheralkylamine based on the total weight of the amine-based compound. Claim 5 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 4, wherein the polyetheralkylamine comprises one or more of polyetheralkyldiamine and polyetheralkyltriamine, and the alkyl comprises one or more of methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, and tert-butyl group. Claim 6 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of the polyetheralkylpolyol is 1,000 to 6,000 g / mol. Claim 7 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 1, wherein the polyetheralkylpolyol comprises one or more of polyetheralkyldiol and polyetheralkyltriol, and the alkyl comprises one or more of methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, and tert-butyl group. Claim 8 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-based compound comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexanediisocyanate, 1,3-biisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, hexamethylene triisocyanate, isophorone triisocyanate, and toluene-2,4,6-triisocyanate. Claim 9 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 1, wherein the polyester comprises 30 to 90 weight percent with respect to the total weight of the waterproof sheet layer. Claim 10 A composite waterproof layer according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the surface layer is Shore D 50 to 80. Claim 11 A method for forming a composite waterproof layer comprising: a step of forming a nonwoven fabric layer on a substrate surface of a building surface or a metal surface; a step of forming a waterproof sheet layer comprising polyester and polyvinyl chloride on the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer; and a step of forming a surface layer by spraying an isocyanate-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a polyetheralkyl polyol onto the surface of the waterproof sheet layer; wherein, for every 1 mole of the isocyanate-based compound, the total number of moles of the amine-based compound and the polyetheralkyl polyol combined in the surface layer is 0.8 to 1.2 moles, and the weight ratio of the amine-based compound to the polyetheralkyl polyol is 1:5 to 5:

1. Claim 12 A method for forming a composite waterproof layer according to claim 11, wherein the step of forming the surface layer is formed by spraying a first liquid containing an isocyanate-based compound and a second liquid containing an amine-based compound and a polyetheralkyl polyol. Claim 13 A method for forming a composite waterproof layer according to claim 12, wherein the temperature at which the first and second liquids are sprayed is 40 to 100 ℃ and the spray pressure is 100 to 250 bar. Claim 14 A method for forming a composite waterproof layer according to claim 11, further comprising an adhesive layer between the above-mentioned material and the non-woven fabric layer.

Images