Method for Forming Patterns on the Surface of Pottery

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for forming a surface pattern on ceramics, comprising the steps of: forming a ceramic body using a clay-containing body; forming a three-dimensional pattern by repeatedly arranging a plurality of compressed shapes on the surface of the formed ceramic body; forming each shape of the pattern such that at least one of depth, direction, and spacing gradually changes; and drying and firing the ceramics after forming the pattern.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for forming a pattern on the surface of a ceramic object. Background Technology

[0002] Techniques for forming patterns on ceramic surfaces have traditionally evolved through various methods, such as intaglio, relief, stamped patterns, and the attachment of color patterns. However, these conventional techniques primarily involve the repetitive application of monotonous patterns with a fixed depth and spacing, which limits artistic variation in the shape or arrangement of the patterns. Furthermore, the inability to actively control deformation caused by changes in ceramic surface humidity limits the control of the pattern's edge curvature and texture. Glazing treatments are also often performed using a single color or gloss, resulting in weak three-dimensional contrast between the pattern and the background. Consequently, there is a growing need for a technology capable of realizing more three-dimensional and original patterns on ceramic surfaces, and maximizing visual and tactile effects through differences in pattern depth, direction, spacing, edge curvature, texture, color, and gloss. The problem to be solved

[0003] The objective of one embodiment is to provide a method for forming a surface pattern of ceramics that overcomes the limitations of conventional monotonous pattern formation by forming a ceramic body using a clay-containing substrate, and then repeatedly arranging a plurality of compressed shapes on the surface of the formed ceramics to form a three-dimensional pattern, wherein at least one of the depth, direction, and spacing of each shape is gradually changed.

[0004] In addition, the objective of one embodiment is to form a pattern before The present invention provides a method for forming a surface pattern of ceramics that can effectively control pattern deformation caused by changes in humidity on the ceramic surface by subsequently maintaining or changing the surface humidity within the range of 50 to 80 percent to control the curvature and texture of the edge portion of the compressed shape.

[0005] In addition, the objective of one embodiment is to provide a method for forming a surface pattern on ceramics that can solve the problem of the conventional technology in which the three-dimensional contrast between the pattern and the background is weak by applying a glaze of a different color or gloss to the pattern-forming area and other areas after the first firing, thereby realizing a three-dimensional contrast during the second firing. means of solving the problem

[0006] A method for forming a surface pattern of a ceramic body according to one embodiment may include the steps of: forming a ceramic body using a clay-containing body; forming a three-dimensional pattern by repeatedly arranging a plurality of compressed shapes on the surface of the formed ceramic body; forming each shape of the pattern such that at least one of depth, direction, and spacing gradually changes; and drying and firing the ceramic after forming the pattern.

[0007] In a method for forming a surface pattern of ceramic according to one embodiment, the pattern may have a scale shape, a wave shape, or a honeycomb shape, and the edge portion of each shape may be formed to partially overlap with an adjacent shape.

[0008] In a method for forming a surface pattern of a ceramic according to one embodiment, the pattern formation step is formed by pressing a finger, a hemispherical presser, or a toothed rotary ball onto the surface of the ceramic, and a repeating shape can be realized by simultaneously rotating the ceramic and moving the presser.

[0009] In a method for forming a surface pattern of ceramic according to one embodiment, prior to the pattern formation step Afterwards, the surface humidity can be maintained or changed within the range of 50 to 80 percent to control the curvature and texture of the edges of the compressed shape.

[0010] In a method for forming a surface pattern of ceramics according to one embodiment, the firing step consists of a first firing and a second firing, and after the first firing, a glaze of a different color or gloss is applied to the pattern-forming area and other areas to achieve a three-dimensional contrast during the second firing. Effects of the invention

[0011] According to the method for forming a surface pattern of a ceramic product of the present invention, after forming a ceramic body using a clay-containing body, a plurality of compressed shapes are repeatedly arranged to form a three-dimensional pattern, and at least one of the depth, direction, and spacing of each shape is gradually changed so that various visual three-dimensional effects can be realized even within the same pattern.

[0012] In addition, during the pattern formation stage, a finger, a hemispherical press tool, or a serrated rotary tool is pressed onto the ceramic surface to form the pattern, and by simultaneously rotating the ceramic and moving the press tool, it is possible to apply this to both manual and automated processes.

[0013] Before the pattern formation stage Afterward, by maintaining or changing the surface humidity within the range of 50 to 80 percent, the curvature and texture of the edges of the compressed shape can be controlled, thereby providing a ceramic surface with a differentiated tactile sensation.

[0014] As the edges of each shape in a pattern consisting of scale, wave, or honeycomb shapes are formed to partially overlap with adjacent shapes, artistic diversity and originality are enhanced.

[0015] After the first firing, a second firing is performed by applying a glaze of a different color or gloss to the pattern-forming area and other areas, thereby strengthening the three-dimensional contrast between the pattern and the background and maximizing the visual effect.

[0016] The effects obtainable from the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0017] FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for forming a ceramic surface pattern according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a ceramic surface pattern according to one embodiment. FIG. 3a illustrates the step of forming a ceramic surface pattern according to one embodiment. FIG. 3b illustrates the step of forming a ceramic surface pattern according to one embodiment. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a ceramic surface formed by a method for forming a ceramic surface pattern according to one embodiment. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0018] Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments are disclosed for illustrative purposes only and may be modified and implemented in various forms. Accordingly, actual implementations are not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and the scope of this specification includes modifications, equivalents, or substitutions included in the technical concept described by the embodiments.

[0019] Terms such as "first" or "second" may be used to describe various components, but these terms should be interpreted solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, the first component may be named the second component, and similarly, the second component may be named the first component.

[0020] When it is stated that a component is "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected to or coupled with that other component, or that there may be other components in between.

[0021] The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the existence of the described features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this specification.

[0023] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In the description with reference to the attached drawings, identical components are given the same reference numeral regardless of the drawing number, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for forming a ceramic surface pattern according to one embodiment.

[0025] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the process for forming a ceramic surface pattern may begin with the step of forming a ceramic body using a clay-containing body. The ceramic body forming step may involve preparing a body mixed with clay and other inorganic raw materials to a certain moisture content and forming it into a desired shape using a mold or by manual labor. The formed ceramic body may have a flat or curved surface, and a compressed shape may be applied in the subsequent pattern forming step. For example, a compression tool may be applied to the surface of a cylindrical or spherical body to provide a foundation for forming a pattern.

[0026] In one embodiment, the ceramic surface pattern formation process can proceed continuously up to the drying and firing stages after the pattern formation. In the pattern formation stage, a three-dimensional pattern can be realized by repeatedly arranging a plurality of compressed shapes on the surface of the molded ceramic body. After the pattern is formed, the curvature and texture of the edges of the compressed shapes can be controlled by adjusting the humidity of the ceramic surface. In the drying stage, moisture can be removed by leaving the ceramic body in a room temperature or low temperature environment for a certain period of time, and then the process can proceed continuously to the firing stage.

[0027] In one embodiment, the firing step may consist of a first firing and a second firing. After the first firing, glazes of different colors or glosses may be applied to the pattern-forming areas and other areas to create three-dimensional contrast during the second firing. In the first firing step, the ceramic body may be heated at a temperature of 800–1000°C to ensure structural strength. After the first firing, glazes of different colors or glosses may be selectively applied to the pattern-forming areas and non-patterned areas, respectively. In the second firing step, the glazed ceramic is reheated at a temperature of 1200–1300°C to fix the glaze, thereby creating three-dimensional contrast of the pattern and visual It can enhance tactile effects.

[0028] In one embodiment, the main objective of the ceramic body molding step is to form a stable ceramic body using a clay-containing body. In the ceramic body molding step, the moisture content of the body, mixing ratio, molding pressure, and molding time may serve as key control variables. For example, cracks or deformation after molding can be minimized when the moisture content of the body is maintained in the range of 20 to 25%.

[0029] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, prior to the pattern forming step Afterward, the surface humidity can be maintained or varied within the range of 50–80% to control the curvature and texture of the edges of the pressed shape. Before pattern formation, the surface humidity can be maintained at a high level of 70–80% so that the edges can be softly deformed during pressing. After pattern formation, the surface humidity can be lowered to 50–60% so that the curvature of the edges can be maintained distinctly. For example, depending on changes in humidity, the boundaries of the pressed shape may be formed as sharp or rounded.

[0030] In one embodiment, the main objective of the drying and firing steps after pattern formation is to achieve structural stabilization of the ceramic and permanent fixation of the surface pattern. In the drying step, internal moisture of the ceramic body can be uniformly removed to prevent cracking during firing. In the firing step, the glaze can be completely melted at a high temperature and integrated with the surface pattern. For example, after the first firing, the glaze applied to the pattern area can be fixed during the second firing to complete a permanent three-dimensional pattern.

[0031] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the main control variables for the first firing and second firing steps may be the firing temperature, time, type of glaze, and application location. The first firing temperature may be set to a range of 800 to 1000°C, and the second firing temperature may be set to a range of 1200 to 1300°C. The firing time may be adjusted to 4 to 8 hours for each step. Various combinations of glaze types are possible, such as transparent, opaque, colored, and colorless, and the contrast between the patterned area and the non-patterned area may vary depending on the application location.

[0032] In one embodiment, the ceramic body molding step may aim to form a stable ceramic body of a desired shape using a clay-containing body in the ceramic manufacturing process. In the ceramic body molding step, a body mixed with clay and other inorganic raw materials is prepared with a constant moisture content and molded into a desired shape using a molding die or by manual labor. In the ceramic body molding step, cracks in the body can be prevented by controlling the molding pressure and molding time. For example, a cylindrical, spherical, or curved body can be placed in a molding die and molded under constant pressure.

[0033] In one embodiment, during the ceramic body molding step, conditions such as the moisture content of the body, mixing ratio, molding pressure, and molding time may serve as key control variables necessary for preventing cracking and maintaining the shape of the body. The moisture content of the body may be maintained in the range of 20 to 25%. The mixing ratio may be adjusted to a weight ratio of clay to other inorganic raw materials of 7:3 or 8:2. The molding pressure may be applied in the range of 0.5 to 2 kgf / cm². The molding time may be set to 1 to 5 minutes. For example, if the moisture content is excessively high, deformation may occur after molding, and if the moisture content is low, cracking may occur.

[0034] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the ceramic body forming step may serve as a foundational step that determines the quality and completeness of subsequent processes, such as forming a three-dimensional pattern, drying, and firing. In the ceramic body forming step, the surface flatness and curvature of the body can be precisely adjusted. If the body forming is performed precisely, the compressed shape can be uniformly applied in the three-dimensional pattern forming step. For example, if the surface of the body is formed evenly, the depth and spacing of each shape can be maintained consistently when forming a pattern using a compression tool.

[0035] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the device may form a ceramic body using a clay-containing body. The device may manufacture a body by mixing clay with other inorganic raw materials. The device may prepare the body in a state suitable for molding by adjusting the moisture content of the body to 20 to 25%. The device may form the body by placing the prepared body into a molding die, or by using a manual or mechanical molding device. For example, the device may place a cylindrical, spherical, or curved body into a molding die and mold it under constant pressure.

[0036] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a clay-containing body may be prepared with a constant moisture content by mixing clay with other inorganic raw materials. Clay may be used as the main component, and other inorganic raw materials may include feldspar, silica, limestone, etc. The body may be uniformly mixed by stirring in a mixer for 10 to 30 minutes. The moisture content of the body may be adjusted to 20 to 25% by weight after mixing. For example, cracking after molding may be minimized when the moisture content of the body is 22%.

[0037] In one embodiment, the prepared body can be molded into a ceramic body of a desired shape using a molding die, manual molding, or a mechanical molding device. The molding die may be made of silicone, metal, or plastic. Manual molding may be a method in which a worker shapes the body by hand. The mechanical molding device may use an automatic press, a vacuum extruder, or a rotary molding machine. For example, using an automatic press allows for the mass production of bodies of the same size and shape.

[0038] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the molded ceramic body may have a flat or curved surface, and various pressing shapes may be applied in the subsequent step of forming a three-dimensional pattern. The surface of the molded ceramic body may have a flat surface, a curved surface, or a composite curvature. The surface curvature may affect the difficulty of pattern formation and the shape of the pattern depending on the contact method of the pressing tool. For example, a curved pattern may be formed on the surface of a body having a curved surface using a hemispherical pressing tool.

[0039] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of forming a three-dimensional pattern may be a step of forming a pattern on the surface of a molded ceramic body using a pressing method. The step of forming a three-dimensional pattern may locally deform the clay by contacting a pressing tool with the surface of the ceramic body. The pressing tool may create indented or protruding shapes by applying force perpendicular or obliquely to the surface. For example, if the ceramic surface is pressed vertically with a finger and then pushed in a certain direction, the clay in that area may be pushed out, forming a crescent-shaped indentation. The pressing method may be applied repeatedly to continuously form multiple three-dimensional patterns. The pressing shape may be realized in various forms depending on the shape of the tool, pressure, and movement path. The pressing method can form various patterns on the ceramic surface, such as scale shapes, wave shapes, or honeycomb shapes. The pressing method may be implemented manually or through a mechanical device. The method of application of the pressing method may vary depending on the curvature or flatness of the ceramic surface. The pressing method may affect the edge curvature and texture in conjunction with surface humidity control after pattern formation.

[0040] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the device can form a three-dimensional pattern by repeatedly arranging a plurality of compressed shapes on the surface of a molded ceramic body. The device can repeatedly form identical or different shapes on the ceramic surface using a compression tool. The device can implement regular or irregular patterns by adjusting the arrangement direction, spacing, and depth of the compressed shapes. For example, the device can arrange the compressed shapes in a grid pattern at regular intervals for a scale-shaped pattern. The device can enhance the connectivity of the pattern by arranging the edges of the compressed shapes so that they partially overlap with adjacent shapes. The device can implement a gradient effect by gradually changing the position and direction of each shape during repeated arrangement. The device can impart visual three-dimensionality and tactile changes to the ceramic surface according to the repeatedly arranged compressed shapes. The device can control the repeated pattern to be formed over the entire ceramic or a part of the ceramic area. The device can adjust the density and contrast of the pattern according to the repeatedly arranged compressed shapes.

[0041] In one embodiment, during the three-dimensional pattern formation step, the device can form a pattern by pressing a finger, a hemispherical presser, or a toothed rotary ball onto the ceramic surface, and can realize a repeating pattern by simultaneously rotating the ceramic and moving the presser. The device can form a concave depression by pressing the ceramic surface vertically with a finger and then pushing it in a certain direction. The device can uniformly form a curved depression or protrusion shape by contacting the hemispherical presser with the ceramic surface. The device can form a continuous repeating pattern by rotating and moving the toothed rotary ball while it is in contact with the ceramic surface. The device can place the ceramic on a rotating platform and move the presser at a constant speed to uniformly arrange the repeating pattern on the ceramic surface. The device can precisely control the arrangement direction and spacing of the pattern by synchronizing the movement path of the presser with the rotation speed of the ceramic. For example, if the ceramic is rotated clockwise while the presser is moved horizontally, a spiral or continuous curved pattern can be formed. The device can realize repeating patterns of various sizes and depths by replacing the presser or adjusting the pressure. The device can adjust the spacing of each shape to a range of 2 to 10 mm during repeated compression batching. The device can adjust the depth of each shape to a range of 0.5 to 3 mm during repeated compression batching.

[0042] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the device may be formed such that each shape of the pattern gradually changes in depth, direction, and spacing. The device may gradually increase or decrease the depth of the pressed shape along a specific area of ​​the ceramic surface. The device may change the flow of the pattern by rotating and arranging the direction of the pressed shape by a certain angle. The device may create a gradient effect by continuously narrowing or widening the spacing of the pressed shape. For example, the device may create a change in three-dimensionality by making the depth of the pressed shape shallower from the center to the edge of the ceramic surface. The device may create a wave or spiral pattern by rotating and arranging the direction of the pressed shape by 10 degrees. The device may create a change in pattern density by gradually changing the spacing of the pressed shape from 2 mm to 8 mm. The device may impart complex visual and tactile effects by changing the combination of depth, direction, and spacing. The device may create various three-dimensional effects even within the same ceramic through the pattern with applied gradual changes.

[0043] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, drying The stabilization and humidity control step may be a step for controlling the surface moisture content and stability before drying and firing the ceramic after pattern formation. Drying The stabilization and humidity control step can adjust the moisture content of the patterned ceramic surface to within the target range after measuring it. Drying The stabilization and humidity control step allows for uniform surface moisture content by adjusting the temperature and humidity of the external environment if the moisture content on the ceramic surface is excessively high or low. For example, drying In the stabilization and humidity control stage, the ceramics are placed in a sealed chamber, and natural drying or forced-air drying can be performed for a certain period while maintaining the internal humidity at 50–80%. Drying The stabilization and humidity control steps can repeatedly measure and adjust to ensure that the moisture content on the ceramic surface is uniformly distributed. Drying The stabilization and humidity control steps can proceed to the firing process once the moisture content on the ceramic surface reaches an appropriate level.

[0044] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the device may dry and fire the ceramic after forming a pattern. The device may place the ceramic with the formed pattern in a drying chamber or drying chamber. The device may maintain a constant moisture content on the surface of the ceramic by controlling the temperature and humidity inside the drying chamber. The device may transfer the ceramic, after drying is complete, to a kiln to perform a firing process. The device may precisely control time, temperature, and humidity conditions so that the pattern shape on the surface of the ceramic is not deformed during the drying and firing process. The device may ensure repeatable quality by automating each step of the drying and firing process.

[0045] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the purpose of the drying process may be to appropriately remove moisture from the surface of the ceramic to prevent deformation of the pattern shape and to secure a stable structure before firing. The drying process can prevent the collapse of the edges or curvatures of the pattern shape by gradually evaporating the residual moisture remaining on the surface of the ceramic. The drying process can prevent cracks or deformation that may occur during firing by minimizing the difference in moisture content between the interior and the surface of the ceramic. For example, the drying process may be carried out for 12 to 48 hours under conditions of a temperature of 20 to 30°C and a relative humidity of 50 to 80%. The drying process can prevent rapid moisture loss by controlling the drying speed so that the pattern shape on the surface of the ceramic is maintained. The drying process may continue until the moisture content on the surface of the ceramic reaches 1 to 3% or less.

[0046] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the drying process can achieve the effects of maintaining the pattern shape and preventing cracking by controlling the moisture content, time, and temperature conditions of the ceramic surface. The drying process can measure the surface moisture content in real time and automatically control the temperature and humidity until the target moisture content is reached. The drying process can extend or shorten the drying time depending on the ceramic thickness or pattern depth by adjusting the time conditions. For example, if the pattern is deep or the ceramic thickness is thick, the drying time can be set to 48 hours or more. The drying process can prevent rapid shrinkage or expansion of the ceramic surface by maintaining the temperature conditions in the range of 20 to 30°C. The drying process can prevent deformation of the edge curvature and texture of the pattern shape by maintaining the humidity conditions in the range of 50 to 80%.

[0047] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, moisture management during the drying process may serve to control the curvature and texture of the edges of the pattern shape by maintaining the humidity of the ceramic surface within a certain range. By maintaining the humidity of the ceramic surface within a range of 50 to 80%, moisture management during the drying process can prevent the edges of the pressed shape from drying out rapidly or cracking. Moisture management during the drying process may measure humidity in real time using a humidity sensor on the ceramic surface and control the humidity through a humidifier or a dehumidifier. For example, if the humidity of the ceramic surface drops below 60%, moisture management during the drying process may operate a humidifier to restore the humidity to 70%. Moisture management during the drying process can control the degree to which the curvature of the edges of the pattern shape becomes sharp or soft. Moisture management during the drying process may repeatedly adjust the humidity to maintain a constant tactile texture of the ceramic surface.

[0048] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, before pattern formation Afterwards, by maintaining or varying surface humidity within the range of 50–80%, the edge curvature and texture of the compressed shape can be controlled. Before pattern formation If surface humidity is maintained at 50–80% afterwards, the edges of the pressed shape do not dry rapidly, allowing the curvature to be maintained consistently. Before pattern formation Subsequently, by controlling surface humidity, the edges of the pressed shape can be formed with sharp or gentle curvature. For example, if surface humidity is maintained at 70% after pattern formation, the edges of the pressed shape can have a soft and rounded curvature. Before pattern formation Later, if the surface humidity is lowered to 50%, the edges of the compressed shape can have a relatively sharp curvature. Before pattern formation Afterward, by controlling surface humidity, various tactile textures can be realized on the ceramic surface. Before pattern formation Subsequently, surface humidity is repeatedly measured and adjusted to ensure that the edge curvature and texture of the compressed shape are maintained uniformly. Before pattern formation Subsequently, the step of controlling surface humidity can be utilized to realize fine textural differences on the ceramic surface. Before pattern formation Subsequently, controlling surface humidity to a range of 50–80% can ensure that the edge curvature and texture of the pressed shape are consistently maintained. Before pattern formation Later, the step of controlling surface humidity can contribute to maximizing the visual and tactile effects of the ceramic surface.

[0049] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the curvature of the edge of the ceramic surface may become sharp or soft depending on the humidity being maintained in the range of 50 to 80%, and the tactile texture may be differentiated. Depending on the humidity being maintained in the range of 50 to 80%, the compressed shape edge of the ceramic surface may not dry rapidly, so the curvature may be maintained gently. Depending on the humidity being maintained in the range of 50 to 80%, the compressed shape edge of the ceramic surface may dry slowly, thereby realizing a soft tactile texture. For example, if the humidity is maintained at 80%, the compressed shape edge may have a very soft and round curvature. If the humidity is maintained at 50%, the compressed shape edge may have a relatively sharp curvature and a rough texture. Depending on the humidity being maintained in the range of 50 to 80%, the tactile texture may be realized differently for each pattern shape on the ceramic surface. Depending on the humidity being maintained in the range of 50 to 80%, the pattern shape edge of the ceramic surface may dry uniformly, so that the overall texture may be maintained consistently.

[0050] In one embodiment, humidity control can minimize deformation of the pattern shape, cracking, or changes in surface roughness during the drying process. Humidity control can prevent a rapid decrease in the moisture content of the ceramic surface during the drying process. Humidity control can prevent the edges of the pattern shape from cracking or deforming during the drying process. For example, humidity control can maintain a constant surface roughness of the ceramic during the drying process. Humidity control can minimize minute changes in the curvature of the pattern shape during the drying process. Humidity control can reduce the likelihood of cracking on the ceramic surface during the drying process. Humidity control can maintain the original three-dimensional pattern without deformation of the pattern shape during the drying process.

[0051] In one embodiment, the first firing and glazing step may be a process for stabilizing the ceramic body and securing three-dimensional contrast of the surface pattern. The first firing and glazing step can impart structural strength to the ceramic body and fix the shape of the surface pattern. In the first firing and glazing step, the ceramic body can be heated to a certain temperature in a kiln to remove internal moisture and bind the clay particles. In the first firing and glazing step, different glazes are applied to the pattern-forming area and the non-pattern area, and then the glazes are fixed through a second firing to enhance three-dimensional contrast. For example, after the first firing, a matte glaze can be applied to the pattern area and a glossy glaze to the non-pattern area to maximize visual and tactile effects.

[0052] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, glazing after the first firing may require applying glazes of different colors or glosses to the pattern-forming area and other areas to maximize the three-dimensional effect. Glazing after the first firing can clearly distinguish the surface texture and color contrast of the pattern-forming area. Glazing after the first firing can realize various visual changes by adjusting the composition, viscosity, and coating thickness of the glaze selected for each area. For example, a dark-colored glaze can be applied to the pattern-forming area and a light-colored glaze to other areas to emphasize three-dimensionality and depth.

[0053] In one embodiment, the glazing process after the first firing may include the step of applying a glaze of a different color or gloss to the pattern-forming area and other areas, and then performing a second firing. The glazing process after the first firing may involve applying a glaze to the surface of the ceramic body, and then ensuring that the glaze is completely melted and fixed during the second firing stage. The glazing process after the first firing may apply a masking or separate application technique depending on the boundary between the pattern-forming area and the non-pattern area. For example, a matte glaze may be selectively applied only to the pattern-forming area, and a glossy glaze may be applied to the non-pattern area, followed by a second firing to maximize the three-dimensional contrast of the surface.

[0054] In one embodiment, the first firing condition setting may be a step of basically firing a ceramic body that has been dried and stabilized to secure structural strength and surface durability. The first firing condition setting may involve placing the ceramic body into a kiln at a temperature of 800 to 900°C for several hours to completely remove internal moisture. The first firing condition setting may increase the mechanical strength of the ceramic body by promoting the bonding of clay particles. For example, the first firing condition setting may obtain uniform firing results by adjusting the firing temperature and time according to the ceramic thickness, pattern depth, and surface area.

[0055] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the base firing of the stabilized body may include the steps of drying and firing after pattern formation. The base firing of the stabilized body may be introduced into a kiln after the moisture content of the ceramic surface reaches 1 to 3% or less following pattern formation. To minimize surface cracks or deformation that may occur during the drying process, the rate of temperature increase during the base firing of the stabilized body may be controlled in stages. For example, the base firing of the stabilized body may ensure structural stability of the ceramic body by completing drying at a temperature of 20 to 30°C and then gradually increasing the temperature to 800°C during the first firing stage.

[0056] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, different glazing can enhance visual and tactile contrast by applying glazes of different colors or glosses to pattern-forming areas and non-pattern areas. Different glazing can create differences in surface texture by selectively applying matte or glossy glazes to pattern-forming areas. Different glazing can produce various gloss and color effects by varying the composition, particle size, and application thickness of the glaze for each area. For example, three-dimensional contrast and tactile variation can be simultaneously achieved by applying a glaze of a dark color and a rough texture to pattern-forming areas and a glaze of a light color and a smooth texture to non-pattern areas.

[0057] In one embodiment, glazes of different colors or glosses may be applied to the pattern-forming area and other areas. A dark color or matte glaze may be applied to the pattern-forming area, and a light color or glossy glaze may be applied to other areas, respectively. The boundary between the pattern-forming area and other areas can be precisely distinguished using various tools such as masking tape, a brush, or a spray. For example, metallic glaze may be applied only to the pattern-forming area, and a transparent glaze may be applied to the non-patterned area to maximize the contrast in color and gloss of the surface.

[0058] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary firing and final finishing step may be a process for fixing the glaze on the surface of the ceramic after the primary firing and glazing, and for maximizing the visual and tactile effects of the three-dimensional pattern. The secondary firing and final finishing step may involve re-inserting the glazed ceramic body into the kiln after the primary firing to ensure that the glaze is completely melted and fixed. The secondary firing and final finishing step may finely realize the surface texture, gloss, and color contrast of the glaze by controlling the firing temperature and time. For example, the melting degree of the glaze may be optimized by setting the secondary firing temperature to a range of 1200 to 1300°C and controlling the firing time to 6 to 10 hours. The secondary firing and final finishing step may simultaneously realize three-dimensional contrast and tactile changes on the surface depending on the difference in the composition of the glaze applied to the pattern-forming area and the non-pattern area. The second firing and final finishing stages allow the glaze to completely melt and adhere to the surface of the ceramic, enabling a clear contrast in color or gloss between the pattern-forming areas and other areas. After the melting and adhesion of the glaze is complete, the durability and water resistance of the ceramic surface can be improved. For example, a matte or rough-textured glaze can be applied to the pattern-forming areas, while a glossy or smooth glaze can be applied to the non-patterned areas to maximize visual contrast and tactile variation.

[0059] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in one embodiment, the purpose and effect of the secondary firing may include the step of performing a secondary firing after applying a glaze of a different color or gloss to the pattern-forming area and other areas after the primary firing. The purpose and effect of the secondary firing may improve the durability and water resistance of the ceramic surface through the melting and fixation of the glaze. The purpose and effect of the secondary firing may enhance the artistic completeness by strengthening the three-dimensional contrast between the pattern-forming area and the non-pattern area. The purpose and effect of the secondary firing may increase resistance to scratches or abrasion of the surface as the glaze is completely fixed to the ceramic surface. The purpose and effect of the secondary firing may vary the color, gloss, and texture of the pattern-forming area depending on the composition of the glaze, the thickness of the application, and the firing temperature. For example, the color and gloss contrast of the surface may be maximized by applying a metallic glaze to the pattern-forming area and a transparent glaze to the non-pattern area. The purpose and effect of the second firing is that during the firing process, the glaze penetrates the surface microstructure, allowing the tactile texture to be realized more distinctly.

[0060] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, glaze fixation and three-dimensional contrast enhancement can ensure that the glaze is completely fixed to the surface of the ceramic during the secondary firing process, thereby clearly revealing differences in color or gloss between the pattern-forming area and other areas. Glaze fixation and three-dimensional contrast enhancement can finely control the melting degree of the glaze and the surface texture by adjusting the secondary firing temperature and time conditions. Glaze fixation and three-dimensional contrast enhancement can vary the surface reflectance, transparency, and gloss depending on the difference in composition between the glaze applied to the pattern-forming area and the glaze applied to the non-pattern area. For example, by applying a matte or coarse-grained glaze to the pattern-forming area and a glossy or fine-grained glaze to the non-pattern area, three-dimensional contrast and tactile variations can be realized simultaneously. Glaze fixation and three-dimensional contrast enhancement can further accentuate fine texture differences on the surface by controlling the degree of crystallization of the glaze during the cooling process after firing.

[0061] In one embodiment, in one embodiment, visualization through secondary firing Enhancement of tactile effects may include a step of performing a second firing after applying glazes of different colors or glosses to the pattern-forming areas and other areas following the first firing. Visual through the second firing The enhancement of tactile effects can be achieved by maximizing the surface texture and color contrast of the pattern-forming areas depending on the glaze composition, application thickness, and firing temperature. Visual through secondary firing Enhanced tactile effects can be achieved by applying matte or rough-textured glazes to patterned areas and glossy or smooth glazes to non-patterned areas, thereby simultaneously realizing three-dimensional contrast and tactile variation. Visual through secondary firing The enhancement of tactile effects occurs because surface microstructures are formed during the glaze melting process, allowing the difference in texture between patterned and non-patterned areas to be clearly perceived by hand. For example, by applying a glaze with dark colors and a rough texture to the patterned areas and a glaze with light colors and a smooth texture to the non-patterned areas, visual depth and tactile three-dimensionality can be realized simultaneously. Visual through secondary firing Enhanced tactile effects allow differences in gloss and color contrast on the surface after firing to be produced differently depending on lighting conditions.

[0062] In one embodiment, a three-dimensional pattern can form a visual three-dimensional effect by repeatedly arranging a plurality of pressed shapes on the surface of the ceramic. The three-dimensional pattern can be formed by repeatedly arranging the pressed shapes at regular intervals on a flat plane or a curved surface of the ceramic. Each pressed shape can be formed using a pressing tool such as a finger, a hemispherical pressing tool, or a serrated rotary tool. The pressed shapes can locally indent or protrude the ceramic surface, thereby realizing a three-dimensional effect through light reflection and shadow effects. For example, if a finger is pressed vertically and then pushed in a certain direction, a concave indentation and a crescent-shaped protrusion can be formed simultaneously. When a plurality of pressed shapes are repeatedly arranged, a regular or irregular three-dimensional pattern can appear across the entire surface. By gradually changing the depth, direction, and spacing of the pressed shapes, the visual three-dimensional effect can be further maximized. The repeatedly arranged pressed shapes can produce various shading and texture effects depending on the direction of lighting. The arrangement spacing or direction of the pressed shapes can be adjusted according to the curvature of the ceramic surface.

[0063] The pressed shapes can be designed to harmonize with the overall form of the pattern. In addition to a repeating arrangement, the pressed shapes can be placed in partially overlapping or modified forms. The pressed shapes can be selectively applied to the entire or partial area of ​​the ceramic surface. The pressed shapes are applied prior to pattern formation. The rim curvature and texture may vary depending on subsequent humidity control. During the second firing process, following the first firing and glazing, the pressed shape can be combined with surface color and gloss contrast to further emphasize the three-dimensional effect. The pressed shape can be implemented in various sizes, depths, and directions even within the same ceramic piece. Depending on the artistic purpose, the pressed shape can be designed as an asymmetrical or regular pattern. Through repetitive arrangement, the pressed shape can impart a unique visual aesthetic to the ceramic surface.

[0064] Pressed shapes allow for the clear perception of differences in surface texture through tactile sensation. These shapes can be formed by considering the thickness of the body and the physical properties of the clay, ensuring that they do not affect the structural strength of the ceramic surface. Pressed shapes can be applied to both curved and flat surfaces of the ceramic. They can be repeatedly formed during the pattern formation stage to complete an overall three-dimensional pattern. Pressed shapes can induce light scattering effects through the fine irregularities on the ceramic surface. The three-dimensionality of the surface can be maintained more distinctly through the drying and firing processes following pattern formation. Pressed shapes can contribute to maximizing the difference in color or gloss between patterned and non-patterned areas during the glazing stage. Pressed shapes can serve as a key element for enhancing the artistic perfection of the ceramic surface. Pressed shapes can be applied in both manual and automated processes. Various variations of the pressed shapes are possible depending on the overall design concept of the ceramic surface.

[0065] In one embodiment, the pattern may form a scale shape, a wave shape, or a honeycomb shape, and the edges of each shape may be formed to partially overlap with adjacent shapes. The pattern may be implemented in at least one geometric form among scale shape, wave shape, and honeycomb shape. The scale shape may produce a visual effect similar to fish scales by repeatedly arranging curved or crescent-shaped compressed shapes. The wave shape may create a pattern that evokes waves or flow by arranging continuous curved compressed shapes at regular intervals. The honeycomb shape may form a regular grid structure by repeatedly arranging hexagonal or polygonal compressed shapes. The edges of each shape may be arranged to overlap with adjacent compressed shapes in a partial area. For example, in the scale shape, the edges of compressed shapes arranged vertically or horizontally may overlap each other to form a continuous surface pattern.

[0066] In wave shapes, the ends of curves overlap with adjacent curves, which can emphasize the continuity of the waves. In honeycomb shapes, each side of a hexagon partially overlaps with an adjacent hexagon, which can strengthen the connectivity of the surface. Overlapping at the edges can simultaneously enhance the connectivity and three-dimensionality of the pattern. Overlapping at the edges can be achieved by adjusting the size, movement path, and pressing depth of the pressing tool. The extent of the overlap may vary depending on the curvature of the ceramic surface. Overlapping at the edges occurs before pattern formation. The curvature and texture of the boundary can be altered depending on subsequent humidity control. The rim overlap can further emphasize three-dimensional effects when combined with surface color and gloss contrast during the second firing process, following the first firing and glazing. The rim overlap can be designed to harmonize with the overall aesthetic of the ceramic surface. It ensures both repeatability and the possibility of variation in the pattern. The rim overlap can be selectively applied to only specific areas of the ceramic surface. It also allows for the clear perception of texture differences on the surface through tactile sensation. The rim overlap can be formed by adjusting the depth and spacing of the pressed shapes so as not to affect the structural strength of the ceramic surface. The rim overlap can be applied in both manual and automated processes. Various variations of the rim overlap are possible depending on the overall design concept of the ceramic surface.

[0067] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in one embodiment, the pressed shape may be formed on the ceramic surface in a single or overlapping form. The pressed shape may be independently arranged as a single shape on the same plane or curved surface of the ceramic surface. The pressed shape may be arranged in an overlapping manner so that a portion of the area overlaps with adjacent pressed shapes. The pressed shape may be arranged repeatedly to form an overall pattern. The form of the single or overlapping arrangement of the pressed shape may vary depending on the curvature of the ceramic surface. The pressed shape is formed before the pattern is formed The three-dimensional effect can be enhanced when combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes. For example, a single compressed shape can be formed independently on a curved surface, and overlapping compressed shapes can be continuously connected on a flat surface.

[0068] In one embodiment, the pressed shapes can be arranged repeatedly or partially overlap with adjacent shapes to create a three-dimensional pattern. The pressed shapes can be repeatedly placed at regular intervals on the ceramic surface. The pressed shapes can be arranged so that their edges partially overlap with adjacent shapes. The repeatedly arranged pressed shapes can form a regular or irregular three-dimensional pattern on the entire surface. For example, in a scale-shaped pattern, the edges of each pressed shape may overlap vertically or horizontally to create a continuous surface effect. The overlapping pressed shapes can emphasize the three-dimensionality through light reflection and shadow effects. The repeated arrangement and overlapping of the pressed shapes can be implemented in various ways depending on the curvature of the ceramic surface, the type of pressing tool, the pressing depth, and the spacing.

[0069] In one embodiment, the compression shape can be varied depending on the curvature of the ceramic surface, the type of compression tool, the compression depth, and the spacing. The compression shape can be formed in different shapes depending on whether the ceramic surface is flat or curved. Fingers, hemispherical compression tools, serrated rotary tools, etc., may be used as compression tools. The compression depth can be adjusted according to the magnitude and duration of the pressure applied to the surface by the tool. The spacing of the compression shape can be set according to the overall size of the ceramic surface and the desired pattern. For example, the spacing of the compression shape may be narrower on a surface with high curvature, and wider on a flat surface. The curvature, depth, and direction of the shape may vary depending on the type of compression tool.

[0070] In one embodiment, the compressed shape is before pattern formation. When combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized. The pressed shape allows for the control of rim curvature and texture by maintaining the humidity of the ceramic surface within the range of 50–80% prior to pattern formation. The pressed shape can maintain the three-dimensionality of the surface through drying and primary firing processes after pattern formation. After the primary firing, the pressed shape can enhance three-dimensional contrast by applying glazes of different colors or glosses to the patterned and non-patterned areas. During the secondary firing process, the glaze hardens, which can enhance the visual and tactile effects of the pattern. For example, humidity control allows the rim to be formed as soft or sharp, and glazing treatment can differentiate the color and gloss of the patterned area.

[0071] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in one embodiment, a single compression shape may be formed as a locally indented or protruding shape on the surface of a ceramic. The single compression shape may form a concave indentation by pressing or pushing the ceramic surface vertically. The single compression shape may form a crescent or curved protrusion from the extruded clay. The single compression shape may be implemented as a composite structure in which an indentation and a protrusion exist simultaneously. For example, if the surface is pressed with a finger and then pushed in a certain direction, the area where the finger was located becomes concave, and the extruded clay may form a crescent-shaped protrusion. The single compression shape may impart a three-dimensional effect through light reflection and shadow effects.

[0072] In one embodiment, a single compressed shape can be formed using a compression tool such as a finger, a hemispherical compression tool, or a toothed rotary tool. Using a finger allows for the formation of a compression shape in the form of a free curve. A hemispherical compression tool can create uniform depressions or protrusions through contact with a curved surface. A toothed rotary tool can form a continuous compression shape through rotational movement. Each compression tool can be selected based on the curvature of the ceramic surface, the shape of the pattern, the compression depth, etc. For example, a hemispherical compression tool is suitable for curved surfaces, while a toothed rotary tool can be used for continuous patterns.

[0073] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a single compression shape may simultaneously include a concave depression and a crescent-shaped or curved protrusion. The single compression shape may simultaneously form a depression and a protrusion by pressing the ceramic surface and then pushing it in a certain direction. The depression may be formed in the area where the compression tool made contact, and the protrusion may be formed in the area where the displaced clay accumulated. The protrusion may be implemented in a crescent, curved, or asymmetrical shape. For example, if a finger is pressed vertically and then pushed to the right, a concave depression may be formed on the left and a crescent-shaped protrusion on the right.

[0074] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the depth, curvature, direction, and size of a single compression shape can be controlled according to the movement path and pressure of the compression tool. The depth of the single compression shape may vary depending on the magnitude and duration of the force applied to the surface by the compression tool. The curvature of the single compression shape may be determined according to the cross-sectional shape and movement path of the compression tool. The direction of the single compression shape may be set according to the movement direction of the compression tool. The size of the single compression shape may be controlled according to the size and movement range of the compression tool. For example, using a large hemispherical compression tool may form a depression with a wide curvature, while using a small tool may realize a fine compression shape.

[0075] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a single compressed shape may be repeatedly arranged to serve as a basic unit of an overall pattern. The single compressed shape may be repeatedly arranged at regular intervals on the surface of the ceramic. The repeated single compressed shape may be used as a basic module of the overall pattern. Depending on the arrangement method of the single compressed shape, various patterns such as scales, waves, and honeycomb may be realized. For example, if the single compressed shape is repeatedly arranged vertically or horizontally, a scale-shaped pattern may be formed. The repeatedly arranged single compressed shape can enhance the visual and tactile effects of the pattern.

[0076] In one embodiment, the pattern may form a scale shape, a wave shape, or a honeycomb shape, and the edges of each shape may be formed to partially overlap with adjacent shapes. The pattern may be implemented in at least one geometric form among scale shape, wave shape, and honeycomb shape. The scale shape may produce a visual effect similar to fish scales by repeatedly arranging curved or crescent-shaped compressed shapes. The wave shape may create a pattern that conveys waves or flow by arranging continuous curved compressed shapes at regular intervals. The honeycomb shape may form a regular grid structure by repeatedly arranging hexagonal or polygonal compressed shapes. The edges of each shape may be arranged to overlap with adjacent compressed shapes in a partial area. For example, in the scale shape, the edges of the compressed shapes arranged vertically or horizontally may overlap each other to form a continuous surface pattern. In the wave shape, the ends of the curves may overlap with adjacent curves to emphasize the continuity of the waves. In a honeycomb shape, each side of a hexagon partially overlaps with an adjacent hexagon, which can enhance surface connectivity.

[0077] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the edge portion of each pressed shape may be arranged to overlap with an adjacent pressed shape in a partial area. The edge portion of each pressed shape may be designed to overlap with an adjacent shape within a certain range on the same plane or curved surface of the ceramic surface. The overlap of the edge portions can be achieved by adjusting the movement path and arrangement spacing of the pressing tool. For example, if the pressing tool is moved at a narrower interval than a certain spacing, a portion may overlap with a previously formed pressed shape. The overlap of the edge portions can simultaneously enhance the continuity and three-dimensionality of the pattern.

[0078] In one embodiment, the overlapping of the edges can simultaneously enhance the connectivity and three-dimensionality of the pattern. The overlapping of the edges can ensure that the boundaries between adjacent compressed shapes are smoothly connected. The overlapping of the edges can strengthen three-dimensional contrast through light reflection and shadow effects. The overlapping of the edges can increase the visual continuity of the pattern, thereby providing a unified aesthetic to the entire surface. For example, the overlapping edges can allow the difference in tactile texture to be clearly perceived when touched by hand.

[0079] In one embodiment, the overlap of the edge portion can be implemented by adjusting the size, movement path, and compression depth of the compression tool. The overlap range of the edge portion may vary depending on the size of the compression tool. The overlap of the edge portion can be set by adjusting the movement path of the compression tool to set an area that overlaps with the previous shape. The overlap of the edge portion can be adjusted by adjusting the compression depth to control the three-dimensionality of the overlap area. For example, using a large compression tool can widen the overlap range, while using a small tool can enable fine overlap.

[0080] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the overlap of the rim portions may vary depending on the curvature of the ceramic surface. The overlap range of the rim portions may be set differently when the ceramic surface is flat and when it is curved. The overlap range may be narrowed on a curved surface with high curvature and widened on a flat surface. The arrangement spacing and overlap area of ​​the rim portions may be adjusted according to changes in the curvature of the ceramic surface. For example, on a curved surface, the movement path of the pressing tool may be adjusted to match the curvature so that the overlap can continue naturally.

[0081] In one embodiment, the overlap of the border portions is prior to pattern formation. The curvature and texture of the boundary may change depending on subsequent humidity control. Overlapping of the rim allows for the control of boundary curvature by maintaining the humidity of the ceramic surface within the 50–80% range prior to pattern formation. Overlapping of the rim may result in changes to the texture of the boundary during the drying and firing processes after pattern formation. Depending on humidity control, the rim may be formed as smooth or sharp. For example, the boundary may become rounded when humidity is high, while it may remain distinct when humidity is low.

[0082] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pattern shape and parameter variation may include variations in the shape type of the three-dimensional pattern formed on the ceramic surface and variations in the depth, direction, and spacing of each shape. The pattern shape and parameter variation may set various shape types for the compressed shapes repeatedly placed on the ceramic surface. The pattern shape and parameter variation may adjust the depth, direction, and spacing of each compressed shape independently or in combination. For example, various shape types, such as scale shapes, wave shapes, and honeycomb shapes, may be applied to the ceramic surface. Each shape type may be specifically implemented according to the type of compression tool, the magnitude of the pressure, and the movement path. The pattern shape and parameter variation may mix and arrange multiple shape types within the same surface. The pattern shape and parameter variation may be customized according to the curvature and size of the ceramic surface and the desired visual effect. The pattern shape and parameter variation may adjust the density of the pattern and the visual rhythm by gradually changing the spacing between the compressed shapes. The pattern shape and parameter variation may enhance the continuity and connectivity of the pattern by arranging the edges of each shape type so that they overlap with adjacent shapes. Changes in pattern shape and parameters can be applied to only a part of the ceramic surface or across the entire surface. Changes in pattern shape and parameters are applied before pattern formation. It can maximize three-dimensional effects when combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes.

[0083] In one embodiment, changes in pattern shape and parameters form a repetitive and regular three-dimensional pattern on the ceramic surface, while gradually changing the depth, direction, and spacing of each pattern to enhance visual three-dimensionality. Changes in pattern shape and parameters can realize multi-layered visual effects by continuously changing the depth, direction, and spacing of each pressed shape even within the same shape type. For example, in a scale-shaped pattern, the three-dimensionality can be emphasized by gradually increasing the pressing depth from top to bottom. In a wave-shaped pattern, the movement direction of the pressing tool can be adjusted into a curved shape to realize continuous changes in curvature. In a honeycomb-shaped pattern, the density and visual rhythm of the pattern can be controlled by gradually narrowing or widening the spacing of each hexagonal pressed shape. Changes in pattern shape and parameters can strengthen the connectivity and continuity of the pattern by adjusting the degree of edge overlap between pressed shapes. Changes in pattern shape and parameters can form a three-dimensional pattern that is naturally connected across the entire surface by adjusting the direction of the pressed shapes according to changes in the curvature of the ceramic surface. Changes in pattern shape and parameters are prior to pattern formation Tactile sensations can be differentiated by controlling the rim curvature and texture through subsequent humidity control. Variations in pattern form and parameters allow for the application of different glazes to patterned and non-patterned areas after the first firing, thereby enhancing three-dimensional contrast and artistic completeness. Through the second firing process, the glaze hardens, which can amplify the visual and tactile effects of the pattern. Furthermore, variations in pattern form and parameters enable the realization of complex visual effects by mixing multiple shape types within the same surface. These variations can be applied to only specific areas of the ceramic surface or across the entire surface.

[0084] In one embodiment, the scale shape can be realized by repeatedly arranging a plurality of pressed shapes on the ceramic surface so that the edges of each shape partially overlap with adjacent shapes. The scale shape can be realized by repeatedly arranging curved or crescent-shaped pressed shapes at regular intervals. The scale shape can produce a continuous surface effect by arranging the edges of each pressed shape so that they overlap with adjacent shapes in some areas. The scale shape can be specifically formed according to the curvature of the pressing tool, the magnitude of the pressure, and the movement path. For example, curved indentations can be repeatedly formed using a finger or a hemispherical pressing tool. The scale shape is formed before pattern formation. The curvature and texture of the rim can be controlled through subsequent humidity control. For the scale shape, three-dimensional contrast can be enhanced by applying different glazes to the patterned and non-patterned areas after the first firing. Through the second firing process, the glaze hardens on the scale shape, which can increase visual and tactile effects.

[0085] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the scale shape can produce a continuous and three-dimensional surface effect by adjusting the depth, direction, and spacing of each pressed shape. The scale shape can realize a multi-layered visual effect within the same pattern by gradually changing the depth of each pressed shape. The scale shape can emphasize the flow of curves and three-dimensionality by adjusting the direction of each pressed shape. The scale shape can change the density of the pattern and the visual rhythm by adjusting the spacing of each pressed shape. The scale shape can enhance the continuity and connectivity of the pattern by adjusting the degree of edge overlap. The scale shape can form a three-dimensional pattern that is naturally connected across the entire surface by adjusting the direction of the pressed shapes according to changes in the curvature of the ceramic surface. The scale shape is before pattern formation Combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized.

[0086] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a wave shape can be realized by repeatedly forming a compressed shape on the ceramic surface while moving a pressing tool in a certain direction. A wave shape can be realized by moving the pressing tool along a curved path and forming a continuous depression on the ceramic surface. The wave shape can create various curved patterns depending on the movement speed of the pressing tool, the magnitude of the pressure, and the radius of curvature. For example, a continuous curved depression can be formed on the ceramic surface using a toothed rotary tool. The wave shape is formed before pattern formation The curvature and texture of the rim can be controlled through subsequent humidity control. For the wave shape, three-dimensional contrast can be enhanced by applying different glazes to the patterned and non-patterned areas after the first firing. Through the second firing process, the glaze hardens, which can increase the visual and tactile effects of the wave shape.

[0087] In one embodiment, the wave shape can form a continuous curved pattern by gradually changing the curvature, depth, and spacing of the compressed shape. The wave shape can emphasize the flow and three-dimensionality of the pattern by gradually changing the curvature of the compressed shape. The wave shape can realize a multi-layered visual effect within the same pattern by gradually changing the depth of the compressed shape. The wave shape can change the density and visual rhythm of the pattern by adjusting the spacing of the compressed shape. The wave shape can enhance the continuity and connectivity of the pattern by adjusting the degree of edge overlap. The wave shape can form a three-dimensional pattern that is naturally connected across the entire surface by adjusting the direction of the compressed shape according to the change in curvature of the ceramic surface. The wave shape is before pattern formation Combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized.

[0088] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the honeycomb shape can be realized by repeatedly arranging a plurality of pressed shapes in a hexagonal or polygonal array on the surface of the ceramic. The honeycomb shape can be realized by repeatedly arranging hexagonal or polygonal pressed shapes at regular intervals. The honeycomb shape can realize various patterns depending on the shape of the pressing tool, the magnitude of the pressure, and the spacing of the arrangement. For example, a hemispherical pressing tool can be used to form a depression in a hexagonal array. The honeycomb shape is formed before pattern formation. The curvature and texture of the rim can be controlled through subsequent humidity control. For the honeycomb shape, three-dimensional contrast can be enhanced by applying different glazes to the patterned and non-patterned areas after the first firing. Through the second firing process, the glaze hardens on the honeycomb shape, which can increase visual and tactile effects.

[0089] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the honeycomb shape can be formed so that the edges of each compressed shape partially overlap with adjacent shapes to enhance the connectivity of the pattern. The honeycomb shape can produce a continuous surface effect by arranging the edges of each compressed shape to overlap with adjacent shapes in some areas. The honeycomb shape can realize a multi-layered visual effect within the same pattern by gradually changing the depth, direction, and spacing of the compressed shapes. The honeycomb shape can strengthen the continuity and connectivity of the pattern by adjusting the degree of edge overlap. The honeycomb shape can form a three-dimensional pattern that is naturally connected across the entire surface by adjusting the direction of the compressed shapes according to changes in the curvature of the ceramic surface. The honeycomb shape is before pattern formation Combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized.

[0090] In one embodiment, each pressed shape may be formed such that at least one of depth, direction, and spacing changes gradually. Each pressed shape can emphasize a three-dimensional effect within the same pattern by gradually changing its depth. Each pressed shape can control the flow of the pattern and visual rhythm by gradually changing its direction. Each pressed shape can change the density of the pattern and visual effect by gradually changing its spacing. Each pressed shape can realize a multi-layered visual effect by gradually changing a combination of depth, direction, and spacing. Each pressed shape can form a three-dimensional pattern that is naturally connected across the entire surface by adjusting the depth, direction, and spacing according to changes in the curvature of the ceramic surface. Each pressed shape is prior to pattern formation Combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized.

[0091] In one embodiment, depth direction Gradual changes in spacing can create multi-layered visual effects even within the same pattern. Depth direction Gradual changes in spacing continuously alter the characteristics of each compressed shape within the same shape type, thereby emphasizing three-dimensionality and visual rhythm. For example, in a scale-shaped pattern, gradually increasing the depth emphasizes the three-dimensionality from top to bottom. In a wave-shaped pattern, gradually changing the curvature and direction creates a continuous curved flow. In a honeycomb-shaped pattern, gradually changing the spacing alters the pattern density and visual effect. Depth direction Gradual change in spacing before pattern formation Combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized.

[0092] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, depth direction A gradient effect of the pattern can be implemented according to the gradual change in spacing. Depth direction Gradual changes in spacing can create a gradient effect that continuously alters the brightness, shading, and three-dimensionality of the pattern. For example, gradually increasing the depth of the pressed shape causes the shading of the pattern to gradually deepen, emphasizing the three-dimensionality. Gradually changing the direction of the pressed shape can produce diverse light reflection and shadow effects, providing visual variations. Gradual changes in the spacing of the pressed shape cause the density and visual rhythm of the pattern to change continuously. The gradient effect can realize complex visual effects by mixing multiple shape types within the same surface. The gradient effect is prior to pattern formation. Combined with subsequent humidity control, firing, and glazing processes, visual and tactile effects can be maximized.

[0093] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the gradient effect can simultaneously enhance the visual three-dimensionality and tactile texture of the ceramic surface. The gradient effect depth direction With the gradual change in spacing, the three-dimensionality of the ceramic surface is emphasized, and the texture when touched is differentiated. The gradation effect occurs before the formation of the pattern. Tactile sensations can be enhanced by controlling the curvature and texture of the edges through subsequent humidity control. The gradient effect can be achieved by applying different glazes to the patterned and non-patterned areas after the first firing, thereby increasing three-dimensional contrast and artistic completeness. The visual and tactile effects of the pattern can be amplified through the second firing process, as the glaze hardens. The gradient effect can be applied to only a portion of the ceramic surface or across the entire surface.

[0094] In one embodiment, a pressing tool may be selected to form a three-dimensional pattern on the surface of a ceramic. The pressing tool can realize various three-dimensional patterns by repeatedly applying pressure to the surface of the ceramic. The pressing tool may be selected according to the curvature of the ceramic surface, the size of the pattern, and the shape of the desired pattern. The pressing tool may be applied in both manual and mechanical ways. The selection of the pressing tool may affect the repeatability, uniformity, and degrees of freedom of the pattern.

[0095] In one embodiment, the pressing tool may include a finger, a hemispherical pressing tool, and a toothed rotary tool. The finger may be used to form localized and free-form patterns. The hemispherical pressing tool may repeatedly form uniform depressions or protrusions through curved surface contact. The toothed rotary tool may form continuous and regular patterns through rotational movement. The pressing tools may be used interchangeably or in combination as needed.

[0096] In one embodiment, the shape and formation method of the applicable pattern may vary depending on the type of pressing tool. Using a finger allows for the formation of irregular curves or patterns with free curvature. Using a hemispherical pressing tool allows for the repeated creation of depressions or protrusions of the same size and depth. Using a toothed rotary tool allows for the creation of continuous patterns that repeat at regular intervals and depths. Depending on the type of pressing tool, the border curvature, depth, spacing, and direction of the pattern may vary.

[0097] In one embodiment, the finger may be suitable for forming free curves and irregular patterns. The finger can locally deform the clay by directly pressing or pushing the surface of the pottery. Using the finger, various irregular patterns such as curves, crescent shapes, and irregular forms can be created. Finger pressing allows the size, depth, and direction of the pattern to be freely adjusted according to the user's force and movement.

[0098] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a hemispherical presser can repeatedly form uniform depressions or protrusions through contact with a curved surface. The hemispherical presser can form depressions or protrusions of the same size and depth by contacting a curved surface with a constant curvature to a ceramic surface. The hemispherical presser can be applied repeatedly to realize a regular and uniform pattern. The hemispherical presser is advantageous for increasing the repeatability and uniformity of the pattern.

[0099] In one embodiment, the toothed rotary ball can form a continuous and regular pattern through rotational motion. The toothed rotary ball can form a pattern that repeats at regular intervals and depths by applying rotational motion to the surface of the ceramic. The toothed structure of the toothed rotary ball can rapidly realize a continuous three-dimensional pattern. The toothed rotary ball enables the rapid and consistent formation of patterns on a large surface area.

[0100] In one embodiment, various three-dimensional patterns, such as scale shapes, wave shapes, and honeycomb shapes, can be realized depending on the selection of the pressing tool. Using a finger, curved or crescent-shaped scale shapes can be formed. Using a hemispherical pressing tool, a honeycomb shape or a regular dot pattern can be realized through repetitive curved indentation. Using a toothed rotary tool, a continuous wave shape or a linear pattern can be formed. Complex three-dimensional patterns can be realized on the ceramic surface through a combination of pressing tools.

[0101] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, clay in a corresponding area can be pushed out by pressing the surface of a ceramic pottery vertically with a finger and then pushing it in a specific direction. The finger can apply localized pressure by making direct contact with the surface of the ceramic pottery. When the finger is pressed vertically and then moved in a specific direction, the clay is pushed out, and deformation of the surface may occur. The shape and depth of the pattern may vary depending on the movement path of the finger and the magnitude of the force. Pressing with a finger can freely form various patterns, such as curves, crescent shapes, and irregular shapes. Since finger pressing is performed manually, the size and direction of each pattern can be adjusted individually.

[0102] In one embodiment, the extruded clay may form a crescent shape, and the area where the finger was located may be formed as a concave shape. As the clay is pushed along the path of the finger's movement, a crescent-shaped protrusion may be formed. The area directly pressed by the finger may remain as a concave sunken region. By repeatedly forming patterns in this manner, a unique three-dimensional aesthetic can be realized on the surface of the ceramic. The amount and direction of the extruded clay can be controlled by the force and distance of the finger's movement.

[0103] In one embodiment, manual pressing using fingers can create free-form patterns through local deformation. Finger pressing can be selectively applied to only a portion of the ceramic surface. By repeatedly applying fingers, patterns of different sizes, depths, and directions can be freely formed. The finger pressing method can create various forms of three-dimensional patterns, such as irregular curves, crescent moons, and irregular patterns.

[0104] In one embodiment, patterns of different sizes, depths, and directions can be freely formed by repeatedly applying a finger. Finger pressing allows the position, size, depth, and direction of the pattern to be individually adjusted according to the user's intention. Repeated pressing using a finger can create irregular and unique three-dimensional patterns on the surface of ceramics. Finger pressing can form patterns by mixing various shapes, such as curves, crescents, dots, and lines.

[0105] In one embodiment, the finger pressing method can be selectively applied to only a portion of the ceramic surface. Finger pressing can form a pattern only in a specific area rather than on the entire surface. By applying finger pressing intensively only to the parts where a pattern is required, the surface texture and visual effect can be differentiated. The finger pressing method can be combined with other pressing tools to create complex pattern designs.

[0106] In one embodiment, the hemispherical presser can form a uniform pressed shape through curved contact with the ceramic surface. The hemispherical presser can form depressions or protrusions of the same size and depth by contacting a curved surface with a constant curvature with the ceramic surface. The hemispherical presser can be applied repeatedly to realize a regular and uniform pattern. The hemispherical presser is advantageous for enhancing the repeatability and uniformity of the pattern.

[0107] In one embodiment, the hemispherical press tool can repeatedly create depressions or protrusions of the same size and depth. By using the hemispherical press tool, depressions or protrusions of the same size and depth can be continuously formed on the surface of ceramics. The hemispherical press tool can maintain a constant spacing and arrangement of patterns. The hemispherical press tool is suitable for creating regular three-dimensional patterns, such as honeycomb shapes or dot patterns.

[0108] In one embodiment, the curved surface of the hemispherical presser can form depressions or protrusions with a constant curvature on the ceramic surface. The curved surface of the hemispherical presser can repeatedly form depressions or protrusions of the same curvature by contacting the ceramic surface. The hemispherical presser can maintain a constant curvature and depth of the pattern's edge through contact with the curved surface. The hemispherical presser can contribute to improving the repeatability and uniformity of the pattern.

[0109] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the repeatability and uniformity of the pattern can be improved by using a hemispherical press. The hemispherical press can continuously form patterns of the same size and depth, thereby enabling the realization of a uniform three-dimensional pattern on the entire surface. The hemispherical press can precisely control the arrangement and spacing of the pattern. The hemispherical press enables rapid and consistent pattern formation on a large surface area.

[0110] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a toothed rotary ball can form a continuous pressed pattern by applying rotational motion to the surface of a ceramic object. By applying rotational motion to the surface of the ceramic object, the toothed rotary ball can form a pattern that is repeated at regular intervals and depths. The toothed structure of the toothed rotary ball can rapidly realize a continuous three-dimensional pattern. The toothed rotary ball enables rapid and consistent pattern formation on a large surface area.

[0111] In one embodiment, the toothed rotary ball can create a pattern that repeats at regular intervals and depths. The toothed rotary ball can continuously form a pattern with regular intervals and depths on the surface of ceramic through rotational motion. The toothed rotary ball can precisely control the arrangement and repeatability of the pattern. The toothed rotary ball can create various continuous patterns, such as wave shapes, straight lines, and continuous curves.

[0112] In one embodiment, the rotational motion of the toothed rotary ball can form a continuous and regular three-dimensional pattern on the surface of the ceramic. Through rotational movement, the toothed rotary ball can continuously form a pattern of a constant interval and depth on the surface of the ceramic. The toothed structure of the toothed rotary ball can enhance the repeatability and regularity of the pattern. The toothed rotary ball enables rapid and consistent pattern formation on a large surface area.

[0113] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, using a toothed rotary ball enables rapid and consistent pattern formation on a large surface area. The toothed rotary ball can rapidly form the same pattern on a wide surface through continuous rotary compression. The toothed rotary ball can precisely control the repeatability, uniformity, and alignment of the pattern. The toothed rotary ball can be applied to automated processes to increase productivity.

[0114] In one embodiment, in order to uniformly form a repetitive three-dimensional pattern on the surface of a ceramic, it is necessary to synchronize the rotation of the ceramic and the movement of the pressing tool. The rotation of the ceramic can be achieved at a constant angular velocity by a rotating platform. The pressing tool can move along a linear or curved path in accordance with the rotation of the ceramic surface. The synchronization between the rotating platform and the pressing tool can be adjusted in real time by a control device. For example, by detecting the rotational speed of the rotating platform and the movement speed of the pressing tool with sensors, feedback control can be applied to ensure that the operation of the two components is always maintained at a constant ratio. Through synchronization control, the spacing, depth, and direction of the pressing shape can be maintained uniformly across the entire surface of the ceramic.

[0115] In one embodiment, the synchronized control of the rotary table and the pressing tool can contribute to increasing the precision and repeatability of pattern formation. The synchronized control of the rotary table and the pressing tool can ensure that each pressed shape is formed on the ceramic surface at the same interval and depth. The synchronized control can operate based on position information to ensure that the start and end points of the pattern exactly coincide. For example, by linking the angle sensor of the rotary table with the position sensor of the pressing tool, the repetition cycle of the pattern can be precisely matched. Through synchronized control, the repeatability and precision of automated pattern formation can be significantly improved compared to manual work.

[0116] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a repetitive pattern shape can be uniformly formed over the entire surface of the ceramic by the pressing tool moving along a constant path while the rotating base rotates the ceramic. The rotating base can be rotated at a constant speed with respect to the central axis of the ceramic body. The pressing tool can move along a circumferential or spiral path in synchronization with the rotation of the ceramic surface. For example, if the pressing tool starts at a point on the ceramic surface and moves axially at a constant speed along with the rotation of the rotating base, a spiral repetitive pattern can be uniformly formed over the entire ceramic. Synchronization between the rotating base and the pressing tool can ensure that the position and spacing of each pressed shape are maintained constant during the pattern formation process.

[0117] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, synchronization of rotation and movement may be important for maintaining consistency in the spacing, depth, and direction of the pattern. By precisely controlling the rotation speed of the rotating plate and the movement speed of the pressing plate, the spacing of each pressed shape can be maintained at a constant level. By controlling the pressure and movement path of the pressing plate, the depth and direction of each pattern can be formed uniformly. For example, if the speed of the rotating plate is increased, the movement speed of the pressing plate must also be increased proportionally so that the spacing of the pattern does not change. Through synchronization control, overall consistency and repeatability of the pattern can be ensured.

[0118] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the rotating base can rotate the ceramic body at a constant speed. The rotating base can be implemented using a motor drive method and the rotational speed can be finely adjusted through a speed control device. The rotational speed of the rotating base can be set in conjunction with the movement speed of the pressing tool required for pattern formation. For example, if the speed of the rotating base is set to 10 rpm, the movement speed of the pressing tool must also be adjusted accordingly.

[0119] In one embodiment, the presser can move along a rotating ceramic surface at a synchronized speed. The presser can be controlled by a linear actuator or a robot arm. The movement path of the presser can be pre-programmed according to the curvature of the ceramic surface and the shape of the pattern. For example, if the rotator rotates by 36 degrees for every 1 mm the presser moves axially along the ceramic surface, 10 repeating patterns can be uniformly formed.

[0120] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the process of forming a three-dimensional pattern by repeatedly arranging a plurality of pressed shapes on the surface of a ceramic, the rotation of the rotating platform and the movement of the pressing tool may occur in parallel. The rotation of the rotating platform and the movement of the pressing tool may start simultaneously and be maintained at a constant rate throughout the pattern formation process. If the pressing tool moves a certain distance along the axial direction of the ceramic surface while the rotating platform rotates one full turn, a spiral or cylindrical repeating pattern may be formed. For example, if the pressing tool moves 5 mm while the rotating platform rotates 360 degrees, a spiral pattern with 5 mm intervals may be repeatedly formed on the surface of the ceramic.

[0121] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pressing member can repeatedly form a pressing shape at regular intervals in accordance with the rotation of the ceramic surface. The pressing member can receive an angle sensor signal from the rotating platform and perform a pressing operation at specified angles. For example, the pressing member presses the ceramic surface once every time the rotating platform rotates 30 degrees, so that 12 identical pressing shapes can be repeatedly arranged on the circumference. The pressure, travel distance, and operation timing of the pressing member can be precisely adjusted by a control device.

[0122] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, uniformity of the repeating shape can be ensured through synchronized control of the rotating platform and the pressing tool. Synchronized control of the rotating platform and the pressing tool can ensure that the position, spacing, and depth of each pressed shape are maintained uniformly across the entire surface of the ceramic. The synchronized control can correct errors in real time using sensor feedback. For example, by linking the position sensor of the pressing tool with the angle sensor of the rotating platform, minute errors in the position of the pressed shape can be automatically corrected.

[0123] In one embodiment, by adjusting the speed of the rotating platform and the movement speed of the pressing tool, the spacing and depth of each pressed shape can be maintained uniformly. The speed of the rotating platform and the movement speed of the pressing tool can be automatically adjusted according to pattern data preset in the control device. For example, to maintain the spacing of the patterns at 3 mm, the pressing tool can be controlled to move 0.5 mm when the rotating platform rotates 60 degrees per second. The pressure can be adjusted in real time using a pressure sensor of the pressing tool to maintain a constant depth of each pattern.

[0124] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to the limited drawings, those skilled in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based thereon. For example, suitable results may be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or if the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or assembled in a form different from described, or replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents.

[0125] Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims set forth below.

Claims

Claim 1 A method for forming a surface pattern of ceramics, comprising: a step of forming a ceramic body using a clay-containing body; a step of forming a three-dimensional pattern by repeatedly arranging a plurality of compressed shapes on the surface of the formed ceramic body; a step of forming each shape of the pattern such that at least one of depth, direction, and spacing gradually changes; and a step of drying and firing the ceramic after forming the pattern; wherein the pattern forms a scale shape, a wave shape, or a honeycomb shape, and the edge portion of each shape is formed to partially overlap with an adjacent shape, and the surface humidity is maintained or changed within the range of 50% to 80% before and after the pattern forming step to control the curvature and texture of the edge portion of the compressed shape. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 A method for forming a surface pattern of a ceramic, wherein, in the first step of forming a pattern, a finger, a hemispherical pressing tool, or a toothed rotating tool is pressed onto the surface of the ceramic to form a repeating shape by simultaneously rotating the ceramic and moving the pressing tool, wherein in the step of forming a pattern, the ceramic is rotated at a constant angular velocity by a rotating platform, the pressing tool moves along the surface of the ceramic in synchronization with the rotation of the rotating platform, and the rotational speed of the rotating platform and the moving speed of the pressing tool are synchronized by a control device. Claim 4 delete Claim 5 A method for forming a surface pattern of ceramics according to claim 1, wherein the firing step consists of a first firing and a second firing, and after the first firing, a glaze of a different color or gloss is applied to the pattern-forming area and other areas to create a three-dimensional contrast during the second firing.

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