Estimation Method and System of Tsunami wave height using realtime seismometer records

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, performed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein in a tsunami correlation equation derivation unit, seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and a tide gauge-seismometer data pair is selected using the maximum tsunami wave height (AT) calculated from the tide gauge and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced seismic signal (AS), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismometer due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismometer, and for the maximum tsunami wave height (AT), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed so that a theoretical value of the tsunami-induced seismic signal (AT*) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is calculated, and a correlation parameter between the maximum value of the tsunami-induced seismic signal (AS) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-induced seismic signal (AT*) is derived. In the tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value calculation unit, a step S200 is performed in which real-time data is collected from a seismometer installed on the coast to be analyzed and a tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value (AL) in the direction of the coast is calculated; and in the tsunami wave height calculation unit, a step S300 is performed in which the tsunami wave height (AC) of the coast to be analyzed where the seismometer is located is calculated from the correlation parameter derived in step S100 and the tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value (AL) calculated in step S200.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records.

[0002] The present invention relates to a tsunami monitoring technology utilizing seismological observation instruments, and more specifically, to a method and system for estimating tsunami wave height even in areas where tide gauges are absent, by utilizing tsunami-inducing seismic signals of long-period horizontal components recorded by seismometers near the coastline. It is a method for estimating tsunami wave height by utilizing long-period ground inclination deformation that is polarized in a direction perpendicular to the coastline as the tsunami approaches the coast, and the associated seismometer response. Background Technology

[0003] Tsunamis are oceanic gravity waves generated by earthquakes; they are amplified as they approach the coast in shallow waters and are incident nearly perpendicularly to the coastline. The seawater reaching the coast due to the tsunami exerts a heavy load on the coastal ground. This load causes deformation in the slope of the coastal ground. This deformation in the slope of the coastal ground is recorded by seismometers located along the coast. Coastal ground deformation caused by tsunamis is recorded as long-period seismic waveforms ranging from tens of minutes to several hours or more, and exhibits polarization characteristics perpendicular to the coastline. The waveform and spectral characteristics of the tsunami-induced signals recorded by seismometers are similar to the tsunami wave height records recorded by nearby tide gauges. This implies that the energy generated is the same as that produced by the same tsunami energy.

[0004] Conventional tsunami observation relies heavily on tide gauge networks, but tide gauges are subject to limitations depending on the installation environment. For this reason, relying solely on tide gauges makes it impossible to observe coastline wave heights with high density, and gaps in field wave height estimation occur in the event of missing data or communication failures.

[0005] It has been revealed that tsunami waveform records captured by tide gauges are accompanied by land deformation. Consequently, it has been suggested that similar waveforms are recorded by seismographs, and that changes in coastal ground slope caused by tsunamis can be recorded by seismographs.

[0006] However, the prior art has a limitation in that it does not present the method proposed in this patent for estimating the tsunami wave height using the waveform recorded by the seismograph by utilizing a magnification of the difference between the tsunami wave height and the waveform recorded by the seismograph. Prior art literature

[0007] (Reference 1) Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2492407 (January 20, 2023) The problem to be solved

[0008] The method and system for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to the present invention have the following problems to be solved.

[0009] First, we intend to develop a linear relationship between seismometer amplitude and tsunami wave height that reflects coastal distance and site effects, and to propose a method for estimating tsunami wave height using seismometer records.

[0010] Second, we aim to determine the linear relationship equation and correction parameters between seismograph amplitude and tsunami wave height, and provide a method for estimating tsunami wave height by utilizing tsunami-inducing long-period horizontal signals recorded by seismographs adjacent to the coast.

[0011] The problems solved by the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0012] The present invention is a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, performed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein in a tsunami correlation equation derivation unit, seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge T ) and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal (A), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismograph due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismograph. S A tide gauge-seismograph data pair using ) is selected, and the above maximum tsunami wave height (A T Regarding ), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is T * ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated. S ) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T Step S100 in which correlation parameters between *) are derived; in the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit, real-time data is collected from seismometers installed on the coast subject to analysis, and the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast L Step S200 in which ) is calculated; and in the tsunami wave height calculation unit, the correlation parameter derived in Step S100 and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S200 (A L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C Step S300, in which ) is produced, is performed.

[0013] In the present invention, step S100 is a step S110 in which past data is collected from at least one tide gauge and a plurality of seismometers in a past data collection unit; and in a past data preprocessing unit, the past data of the tide gauge is used to obtain a maximum tsunami wave height (A T) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated using past seismograph data. S Step S120, in which ) is calculated and at least two data pairs of tide gauge-seismometer satisfying preset conditions are selected; in the induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit, data correction reflecting the earthquake signal propagation distance and surface site amplification is performed, and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal theoretical value (A T * Step S130 in which ) is calculated; and in the parameter determination unit, for the tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in Step S120, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S120 (A S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal at S130 stage (A T * It includes step S140, in which the value of a parameter representing the correlation of ) is determined.

[0014] In the present invention, at step S110, the tide gauge past data is tide observation data recorded in the tide gauge at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes sea level height (cm) time series data, and the seismometer past data is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where the data was collected. S30 ) can be collected or calculated.

[0015] In the present invention, step S120 involves, in the tide gauge preprocessing unit, filtering the tide gauge data collected in step S110, and using the value at the maximum amplitude point as the maximum tsunami wave height (A TStep S121 in which ) is calculated; in the seismometer preprocessing unit, the seismic motion data of the seismometer collected in Step S110 is filtered, and if it is confirmed to be a similar signal belonging to a preset range by comparing it with the past tsunami signal collected in Step S110, the polarization direction is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) from the data aligned to the polarization direction is calculated. S Step S122 in which ) is calculated; and in the pair selection unit, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A S Step S123 can be performed in which each seismometer from which ) is calculated and the tide gauge closest thereto are determined as seismometer-tide gauge data pairs.

[0016] In the present invention, step S122 comprises, in the data conversion unit, the velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s), which are seismic motion data collected in step S110. 2 ) data is displacement (m), velocity (m / s), or acceleration (m / s 2 Step S1221, in which the data is converted into one of the following and preprocessed; Step S1222, in which the similarity determination unit determines whether the seismic motion data preprocessed in Step S1221 is a similar signal belonging to a preset tsunami period range; Step S1223, in which the polarization direction calculation unit calculates the polarization direction for the seismic motion data determined as a similar signal in Step S1222, and the vibration data in which the polarization direction is determined to be perpendicular to the coastline is determined as a tsunami-inducing seismic signal; and Step S1223, in which the seismic motion data determined as a tsunami-inducing seismic signal in Step S1223 is used in the signal maximum value determination unit, such that the value at the point of maximum amplitude among the data aligned by the polarization direction is the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A S Step S1224, determined as ), may be performed.

[0017] In the present invention, at step S123, the seismometer-tide level data pair may be provided as any one of a seismometer (displacement)-tide level (displacement) pair, a seismometer (velocity)-tide level (displacement) pair, or a seismometer (acceleration)-tide level (displacement) pair.

[0018] In the present invention, in step S123, the seismometer-tide level pair can be determined when the distance between the seismometer and the tide level is within a preset range.

[0019] In the present invention, step S130 comprises the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge data in step S120. T The theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal determined at the seismograph location by ) (A T * ) can be calculated using mathematical formula 1.

[0020] In the present invention, step S140 is performed in the parameter determination unit, for the tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in step S120, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in step S120 (A S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * The correlation parameters E1 and E2 can be determined through mathematical equation 2, which is the correlation equation for ).

[0021] In the present invention, step S200 comprises: step S210, in which data is collected in real time from a seismometer installed on a coast subject to analysis for which tsunami wave height is to be calculated in a real-time data collection unit; and in a real-time data preprocessing unit, the maximum value of a tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A) in the direction of the coast is calculated using the real-time seismometer data collected in step S210. L Includes step S220 in which ) is produced.

[0022] In the present invention, the real-time seismometer data collected in step S210 is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer in real time, and the seismic motion data is velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where real-time data was collected. S30 ) can also be collected or calculated.

[0023] In the present invention, step S220 involves filtering the real-time seismometer data collected in step S210 to obtain displacement (m), velocity (m / s) or acceleration (m / s 2 Converted into any one of the data and preprocessed, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A) from the data aligned perpendicular to the coast L ) can be produced.

[0024] In the present invention, step S300 comprises the correlation parameter determined in step S100 and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in step S200 (A L Through mathematical formula 3 utilizing ), the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C ) can be calculated.

[0025] In the present invention, if a locally pre-set parameter is applied to Equation 3, it can be implemented as Equation 4.

[0027] The present invention may be implemented as a computer program stored on a computer-readable recording medium to execute by a computer a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to the present invention, combined with hardware.

[0029] The present invention is a system for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, executed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge T ) and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal (A), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismograph due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismograph. S A tide gauge-seismograph data pair using ) is selected, and the above maximum tsunami wave height (A T Regarding ), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is T * ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated. S ) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T A tsunami correlation equation derivation unit in which correlation parameters between *) are derived; real-time data is collected from seismometers installed on the coast subject to analysis, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A) in the direction of the coast L A tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit that calculates ); and a correlation parameter derived from the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit and a tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) calculated from the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C A tsunami wave height calculation unit in which ) is calculated can be performed.

[0030] In the present invention, the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit comprises: a past data collection unit in which past data is collected from at least one tide gauge and a plurality of seismometers; and a maximum tsunami wave height (A) using the past data of the tide gauge. T) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated using past seismograph data. S A historical data preprocessing unit in which ) is calculated and at least two tide gauge-seismometer data pairs satisfying preset conditions are selected; data correction reflecting earthquake signal propagation distance and surface site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * A theoretical value calculation unit for induced earthquake signals in which ) is calculated; and for a tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in the past data preprocessing unit, the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal calculated in the past data preprocessing unit (A S ) and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal theoretical value (A) of the above-mentioned induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit T * It includes a parameter determination unit in which the value of a parameter representing the correlation of ) is determined.

[0031] In the present invention, the tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value calculation unit comprises: a real-time data collection unit in which data is collected in real time from a seismometer installed on a coast subject to analysis for which tsunami wave height is to be calculated; and a tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast using real-time seismometer data collected from the real-time data collection unit. L Includes a real-time data preprocessing unit in which ) is produced.

[0032] In the present invention, the tsunami wave height calculation unit comprises the correlation parameter determined by the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal maximum value calculated by the tsunami-induced earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit (A L Through mathematical formula 3 utilizing ), the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C ) can be calculated. Effects of the invention

[0033] The method and system for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to the present invention have the following effects.

[0034] First, it has the effect of securing an estimation formula compatible between regions by reflecting coastal distance attenuation and site amplification.

[0035] Second, it is effective for estimating the height of tsunamis reaching the coastline by using seismometers as an alternative observation method in sections where tide gauges are absent or malfunctioning.

[0036] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0037] Figure 1 is a map showing the environment of an actual application example of the present invention. Figure 2 is an example showing the difference in tide level data according to the frequency band. Figure 3 is an example showing the difference in seismic vibration signals according to the frequency band. Figure 4 is an example showing the earthquake signal and polarization direction calculation results after preprocessing in step S122. Figure 5 is an example of a graph comparing tide gauge and seismometer records. FIG. 6 is an example of a map showing the locations of the tide gauge and seismometer and the polarization direction calculated in step S1223. Figure 7 is an example showing a signal comparison of pairs of observation stations determined in an actual application case. Figure 8 shows the corrected tsunami wave height (A T *) and seismograph records (A S This is a comparison graph of ). FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismometer records according to the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0038] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. As will be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the embodiments described below may be modified in various forms without departing from the concept and scope of the present invention. Where possible, identical or similar parts are indicated using the same reference numerals in the drawings.

[0039] The technical terms used in this specification are for the reference of specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms used herein include plural forms unless phrases clearly indicate otherwise.

[0040] As used in this specification, the meaning of “comprising” specifies certain characteristics, regions, integers, steps, actions, elements, and / or components, and does not exclude the existence or addition of other specific characteristics, regions, integers, steps, actions, elements, components, and / or groups.

[0041] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Terms defined in advance are further interpreted to have meanings consistent with relevant technical literature and the present disclosure, and are not interpreted in an ideal or highly formal sense unless otherwise defined.

[0042] Expressions regarding direction used in this specification, for example, expressions of front / back / left / right, expressions of up / down, and expressions of longitudinal / transverse directions, may be interpreted by referring to the directions disclosed in the drawings.

[0044] The present invention presents an estimation formula capable of inferring the wave height of a tsunami using waveforms recorded by a seismograph. The estimation formula includes correction parameters that consider the distance between the seismograph and the coast and site characteristics. By using the presented estimation formula, the wave height of a tsunami can be calculated by utilizing seismograph records even in areas where tide gauges are absent.

[0046] The 'seismometer data' according to the present invention includes not only data collected through conventional seismometers, but also data collected through Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and similar devices capable of replacing seismometers. Accordingly, the 'seismometer' in the present invention includes not only conventional seismometers, but also Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and devices capable of replacing seismometers.

[0047] For reference, Distributed Acoustic Sensors (DAS) utilize a physical phenomenon called Rayleigh Scattering and are sensors that observe seismic vibrations by converting optical cables into a kind of giant seismometer array. While conventional seismometers measure vibrations at a specific point, DAS can utilize the entire optical cable, which spans several kilometers, as thousands of sensors spaced several meters apart.

[0050] The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. For reference, the drawings may be partially exaggerated to illustrate the features of the present invention. In such cases, it is preferable to interpret them in light of the entire intent of this specification.

[0052] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to the present invention.

[0054] The present invention is a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, performed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein in a tsunami correlation equation derivation unit, seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge T ) and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal (A), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismograph due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismograph. S A tide gauge-seismograph data pair using ) is selected, and the above maximum tsunami wave height (A T Regarding ), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is T * ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated. S ) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T Step S100 in which correlation parameters between *) are derived; in the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit, real-time data is collected from seismometers installed on the coast subject to analysis, and the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast L Step S200 in which ) is calculated; and in the tsunami wave height calculation unit, the correlation parameter derived in Step S100 and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S200 (A L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C Step S300, in which ) is produced, is performed.

[0057] Hereinafter, step S100 according to the present invention will be described.

[0058] At the S100 stage, the time of arrival of the tsunami is investigated. Data regarding the time of arrival is collected from seismometers and tide gauges. Considering that the impact of the tsunami has a period of tens of minutes to tens of hours, data of sufficient length is required.

[0059] Tide gauge data refers to tide observation data. Tide observation data refers to records of tide levels (cm) over time, with a time interval of 1 minute. The collected tide observation data is used in step S121.

[0060] In the case of seismograph data, it refers to seismic motion data recorded by a seismograph. Seismic motion data consists of velocities (m / s) and accelerations (m / s) recorded in the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 ) refers to time-series data, generally meaning data with time intervals of 0.01 or 0.05 seconds. Typically, earthquake signals triggered by tsunamis are recorded by seismographs near the coast, but inland seismograph data is also collected for verification. The collected seismic motion data is used in Step S122.

[0061] In addition, the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where the data was collected S30 Secure ). Average shear wave velocity at 30m underground ( V S30 The data may be collected from prior studies, and the unit is m / s. If the shear wave velocity structure of the region where the seismograph is located is known, from that velocity structure V S30 It is also possible to calculate.

[0063] In the S100 step according to the present invention, in the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit (100), seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge is T) and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated from the seismograph (A S Tide gauge-seismograph data pairs are selected using ), and data correction reflecting site amplification is performed to obtain the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A T * ) is calculated, and correlation parameters between the tsunami and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal can be derived.

[0065] Step S100 according to the present invention is a step S110 in which past data is collected from at least one tide gauge and a plurality of seismometers in a past data collection unit (110); and in a past data preprocessing unit (120), the past data of the tide gauge is used to obtain a maximum tsunami wave height (A T ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated using past seismograph data. S Step S120, in which ) is calculated and at least two data pairs of tide gauge-seismometer satisfying preset conditions are selected; in the induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit (130), data correction reflecting the earthquake signal propagation distance and the surface site amplification is performed, and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal theoretical value (A T * Step S130 in which ) is calculated; and in the parameter determination unit (140), for the tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in Step S120, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S120 (A S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal at S130 stage (A T * It includes step S140, in which the value of a parameter representing the correlation of ) is determined.

[0067] In step S110 according to the present invention, the tide gauge past data is tide observation data recorded in the tide gauge at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes sea level height (cm) time series data; and the seismometer past data is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where the data was collected. S30 ) can be collected or calculated.

[0069] Step S120 according to the present invention is such that in the tide gauge preprocessing unit (121), the tide gauge data collected in Step S110 is filtered, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) is used as the value at the maximum amplitude point. T Step S121 in which ) is calculated; in the seismometer preprocessing unit (122), the seismic motion data of the seismometer collected in Step S110 is filtered, and if it is confirmed to be a similar signal belonging to a preset range when compared with the signal of a past tsunami collected in Step S110, the polarization direction is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) in the data aligned to the polarization direction is calculated. S Step S122 in which ) is calculated; and in the pair selection unit (123), the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A S Step S123 can be performed in which each seismometer from which ) is calculated and the tide gauge closest thereto are determined as seismometer-tide gauge data pairs.

[0071] In the case of step S121, the tidal level data collected in step S110 can be filtered to, for example, 0.0003-0.004 Hz to remove ultra-long period effects caused by tidal effects and to maximize the signal from the tsunami. Considering the time it takes for the tsunami to propagate from the epicenter, the maximum tsunami wave height (A) is determined by the value at the point in time with the largest amplitude among the preprocessed tidal level data. T Determines ).

[0073] Step S122 according to the present invention involves, in the data conversion unit (1221), the velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s), which are seismic motion data collected in Step S110. 2 ) data is displacement (m), velocity (m / s), or acceleration (m / s 2 Step S1221, in which the seismic motion data preprocessed by being converted into one of the following data; Step S1222, in which the similarity determination unit (1222), determines whether the seismic motion data preprocessed in Step S1221 is a similar signal belonging to a preset tsunami period range; Step S1223, in which the polarization direction is calculated for the seismic motion data determined as a similar signal in Step S1222, and the vibration data in which the polarization direction is determined to be perpendicular to the coastline is determined as a tsunami-inducing seismic signal; and Step S1223, in which the seismic motion data determined as a tsunami-inducing seismic signal in Step S1223 is used in the signal maximum value determination unit (1224), and the value at the point of maximum amplitude among the data aligned in the polarization direction is the tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value (A S Step S1224, determined as ), may be performed.

[0075] For step S1221, regarding the seismic motion data collected in step S110, the collected velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s 2 ) data is displacement (m), velocity (m / s), or acceleration (m / s 2 It is converted into one of the following data. For example, seismic motion data converted into displacement records can be filtered to 0.0005-0.0011 Hz, which is advantageous for observing tsunami-inducing signals. The above preprocessing can be applied to all E, N, and Z directions of the seismograph data.

[0077] In the case of step S1222, if a signal similar in form to the tsunami signal identified in step S121 is found in the preprocessed seismic motion data, subsequent calculations can be performed in step S123 using the corresponding seismic motion data.

[0079] In step S1223, the polarization direction is calculated using the E and N directions of the seismic motion data preprocessed in step S122 and the eigenvector analysis method. For example, the polarization direction calculation is repeated every 20 minutes using 90-minute data. If the calculated polarization direction is determined to be perpendicular to the coastline, the corresponding seismic motion data is determined to be a tsunami-inducing seismic signal. Seismic motion data determined to be a tsunami-inducing signal is utilized in step S1224.

[0081] For step S1224, the value is calculated using only the seismic motion data determined as the tsunami-inducing signal in step S123. Among the seismic motion data, the horizontal direction data (E, N directions) is rotated in the apparent radial (AR) direction. Considering the time it takes for the tsunami to propagate from the epicenter, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A) is determined using the value at the point in time with the largest amplitude among the apparent radial (AR) data. S Determines ). Determined maximum tsunami-inducing signal (A S ) is used in steps S200 and S300.

[0083] In step S123 according to the present invention, the seismometer-tide level data pair may be provided as any one of a seismometer (displacement)-tide level (displacement) pair, a seismometer (velocity)-tide level (displacement) pair, or a seismometer (acceleration)-tide level (displacement) pair.

[0085] In step S123 according to the present invention, the seismometer-tide level pair can be determined when the distance between the seismometer and the tide level is within a preset range.

[0087] For step S123, A in step S121 TThe tide gauge that calculated, and A at stage S122 S Determine the pair of seismometers that determined . A S The nearest tide gauge to each seismometer that calculated the value is selected and determined as a seismometer-tide gauge pair. However, if the distance between the seismometer and the nearest tide gauge exceeds, for example, 25 km, it may not be determined as a pair.

[0090] Step S130 according to the present invention comprises the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge data in Step S120. T The theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal determined at the seismograph location by ) (A T * ) can be calculated using the following mathematical formula 1.

[0091]

[0092] (Here, d represents the mutual separation distance (m) between the seismometer and tide gauge observation points. d ref is the reference distance (m), representing a reference value for normalizing the signal attenuation effect according to distance. V ref is standard V S30 Represents (m / s). V site represents the VS30 (m / s) at the seismograph location. n is an empirical determination constant, where V at the surface S30 It is a coefficient used in the process of normalizing the site amplification calculated from. A T represents the maximum tsunami wave height (m) recorded on the tide gauge.

[0094] In the case of S130, the seismic signal triggered by the tsunami is transmitted in the form of a plane wave, and its magnitude is inversely proportional to the square root of the propagation distance. The site amplification effect occurring at the surface is the shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m above the surface. s30 It is determined according to ). Considering these characteristics, the tsunami wave height (A) determined in step S121 TThe magnitude of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal determined at the seismograph location by ) (A T * ) is calculated using mathematical formula 1.

[0095] In the present invention, as one embodiment, d ref , V ref Use , n as 1m, 760m / s, and 0.7, respectively. Using Equation 1, for all tide gauge-seismometer pairs determined in Step S123, the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal magnitude (A T * ) performs a decision. At this time, the A used in the calculation T , d, V site uses the determined value for a pair of tide gauges and seismometers. For example, if Tide Gauge A and Seismometer B were determined to be a tide gauge-seismometer pair in Step S123, then A calculated in Step S121 using the Tide Gauge A data T and V of the B seismograph location collected in step S110 S30 , using the distance d between tide gauge A and seismometer B, the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal for the location of seismometer B (A T * It is a method of determining ).

[0098] Step S140 according to the present invention, in the parameter determination unit (140), for the tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in Step S120, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S120 (A S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * The correlation parameters E1 and E2 can be determined through the following mathematical equation 2, which is the correlation equation for ).

[0099]

[0100] (Here, A S represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal. A T *represents the theoretical value (m) of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal. E1 and E2 are A S and A T * As a parameter representing the correlation between them, it is determined locally.)

[0102] In the case of Step S140, the tsunami wave height affects the seismograph records. At this time, the seismograph records vary depending on the location of the seismographs located near the coastline and the surface amplification. For the tide gauge-seismograph pairs determined in Step S123, the tsunami wave height (A corrected in Step S130) T * ) and seismograph records calculated at the S120 stage (A S ) satisfies Equation 2. For each tide gauge-seismometer pair determined in step S123, A calculated from the tide gauge data T * Set as the x-axis, and A calculated from seismograph data S E1 and E2 are determined using a linear regression method with as the y-axis. The greater the number of tide gauge-seismometer pairs determined in step S123, the higher A T * and A S The correlation between them can be calculated accurately. In addition, the more similar the environments in which the collected tide gauge-seismometer pairs are located, the more A T * and A S The correlation between them is calculated accurately. In the case of regions where E1 and E2 have already been determined, the existing A T * and A S Wow, the newly decided A T * and A S E1 and E2 can be corrected and recalculated using .

[0105] Hereinafter, the S200 step according to the present invention will be described.

[0106] In the S200 step according to the present invention, in the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit (200), real-time data is collected from a seismometer installed on the coast to be analyzed, and the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast is calculated. L ) can be produced.

[0108] Step S200 according to the present invention comprises: Step S210, in which data is collected in real time from a seismometer installed on a coast subject to analysis to calculate the tsunami wave height in a real-time data collection unit (210); and in a real-time data preprocessing unit (220), using the real-time seismometer data collected in Step S210, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A) in the direction of the coast. L Includes step S220 in which ) is produced.

[0110] The real-time seismometer data collected in step S210 according to the present invention is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer in real time, wherein the seismic motion data includes velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where real-time data was collected. S30 ) can also be collected or calculated.

[0112] Step S220 according to the present invention comprises filtering the real-time seismometer data collected in Step S210 to obtain displacement (m), velocity (m / s) or acceleration (m / s 2 Converted into any one of the data and preprocessed, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A) from the data aligned perpendicular to the coast L ) can be produced.

[0115] Hereinafter, the S300 step according to the present invention will be described.

[0116] In the S300 step according to the present invention, in the tsunami wave height calculation unit (300), the correlation parameter derived in the S100 step and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in the S200 step (A L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C ) can be produced.

[0118] Step S300 according to the present invention comprises the correlation parameter determined in Step S100 and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S200 (A L Using ) and the following mathematical formula 3, the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C ) can be calculated.

[0119]

[0120] (Here, A C represents the tsunami wave height (m) at the coast adjacent to the seismograph. A L represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal calculated in step S200. d C is A L This indicates the distance (m) from the determined seismograph to the coast under analysis. d ref represents the reference distance (m). V ref is standard V S30 Represents (m / s). V L V of the seismograph location collected in the S200 stage S30 Represents (m / s). n represents the empirical determination constant. E1 and E2 are A S and A T * As a parameter representing the correlation between them, it is determined locally.)

[0123] In the present invention, if a locally pre-set parameter is applied to the above mathematical formula 3, it can be implemented as the following mathematical formula 4.

[0124]

[0125] (Here, A C represents the tsunami wave height (m) of the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located. A L represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal. d C is A L This indicates the distance (m) from the determined seismograph to the coast under analysis. V L is V at the seismograph location S30 (m / s) represents.

[0127] In the case of the S300 stage, the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A calculated in the S220 stage) in Equation 4 L ) and, A L The distance from this determined seismograph to the adjacent coast (d C ), V of the seismograph location collected in step S210 S30 (V L If ) is applied, the tsunami wave height at the coastal location (A C The proposed method can calculate the wave height of a tsunami reaching the coastline more accurately by utilizing the location of seismometers, site characteristics, and empirical parameters.

[0129] This method enables the estimation of tsunami wave heights at the coast near a seismograph using tsunami-inducing signals recorded by the seismograph. It presents a method for determining the correlation between tsunami wave heights and tsunami-inducing signals by utilizing historically recorded tsunami wave heights and the resulting tsunami-inducing signals recorded by the seismograph.

[0130] Conventionally, tsunami wave heights are measured using tide gauges. However, the expansion of observation networks is limited due to installation constraints, such as the requirement to install tide gauges in areas adjacent to the sea surface. To overcome these limitations, we propose a method for estimating tsunami wave heights using seismograph records.

[0131] This invention presents a correlation between seismic signals induced by tsunamis and tsunami wave heights by considering the distance between seismometers and tide gauges and site effects. The proposed method is distinguished by its ability to more accurately calculate the wave height of tsunamis reaching the coastline by utilizing the location of seismometers, site characteristics, and empirical parameters.

[0134] The present invention will be explained below through actual application examples.

[0135] The following is an example of the actual application of this invention to a tsunami caused by the magnitude 7.4 Noto Peninsula earthquake on January 1, 2024. Seismic motion data recorded by seismographs in coastal areas is collected through the Korea Meteorological Administration and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.

[0136] Seismic motion data includes recorded velocities (m / s) and accelerations (m / s) for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 ) refers to time-series data, generally meaning data with time intervals of 0.01 or 0.05 seconds (Step S110). Data was collected from a total of 130 boreholes and surface observation stations, and additionally, data from 2 seafloor seismometers were collected (Fig. 1). Tide observation station data for the East Sea region is collected from the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency. Tide observation data refers to records of tide levels (cm) over time, with a time interval of 1 minute.

[0137] Data from 10 tide gauge stations were collected: Sokcho, Mukho, Donghae Port, Hupo, Pohang, Naengcheon, Ulsan, Busan, and Geojedo (Fig. 1). Location information for each seismometer and tide gauge from which data was collected is gathered. Seismometer and tide gauge data were collected for a total of four days, from January 1 to January 4. In addition, from previous studies, the average shear wave velocity up to 30m above the surface near the East Sea of ​​the Korean Peninsula (V S30 ; collects m / s)

[0139] For the tide level data collected in step S110, the following calculations are performed.

[0140] Similar to seismic motion data, tidal data also contains a mixture of signals generated by various causes, so it is necessary to preprocess it to match the signal to be observed (Fig. 2). To remove ultra-long period effects caused by tidal effects and to maximize the signal from the tsunami, the data is filtered to 0.0003–0.004 Hz (Step S121). Subsequently, among the preprocessed tidal data, the maximum tsunami wave height (A) is determined using the value at the point with the largest amplitude after the arrival time of the tsunami. T Determines ).

[0142] For the seismic vibration data collected in step S110, the following calculations are performed.

[0143] Collected velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s 2 The record is converted into displacement (m) data (Step S1221). Since seismic motion data contains a mixture of signals generated by various causes, it is necessary to preprocess it to match the signal to be observed (Fig. 3). The seismic motion data converted into displacement records is filtered to 0.0005–0.0011 Hz, which is advantageous for observing tsunami-inducing signals (Step S1221). As a result of the filtering, it is confirmed that characteristic seismic motions were recorded from approximately 1 hour after the earthquake to 60 hours after (Fig. 4). The above preprocessing is applied to all E, N, and Z directions of the seismometer data. If the waveform of the preprocessed E and N direction seismometer data is similar to the identified tsunami signal (Step S1222), the polarization direction is calculated using the corresponding seismometer data. The polarization direction is calculated using the E and N directions of the preprocessed seismic motion data and the eigenvector analysis method (Step S1223, Fig. 4). Every 20 minutes, the polarization direction is calculated using 90 minutes of data. If the polarization direction is the same as the direction perpendicular to the coastline, the recorded signal can be said to be a signal induced by a tsunami (Fig. 4).

[0144] For observation stations where tsunami-inducing signals are confirmed, the horizontal direction data (E, N directions) of the seismic motion data is used for the polarization direction (A R Rotate in the direction of ). Polarization direction (A R Among the data, the value at the point in time when the amplitude of the seismic vibration signal is greatest after the arrival time of the tsunami is the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A S Determines ) (Step S1224).

[0145] In this example, the maximum values ​​of tsunami-inducing signals (A) at a total of 8 observation stations: GDDB, IMWB, JEJB, JOGB, KOSB, ULDR, YAYB, and YODB S Decided on ).

[0147] In step S121, a pair is determined between the tide gauge that confirmed the signal caused by the tsunami and the seismometer that confirmed the tsunami-inducing signal in step S122 (step S123). Signal similarity is confirmed between the tide level data of the tide gauge determined in step S121 and the seismic vibration data of the seismometer determined in step S122 (Fig. 5).

[0148] Tide level-seismograph pairs were determined using the tide level gauge closest to each seismograph (Fig. 6). A total of seven pairs were determined, consisting of Busan-GDDB, Donghae Port-IMWB, Ulsan-JEJB, Mukho-JOGB, Ulleungdo-ULDR, Sokcho-YAYB, and Hupo-YODB.

[0149] In this case, a comparison of frequency components over time was performed for each tide gauge-seismometer pair (Fig. 7). Similarity between the data recorded by the tide gauge and the data recorded by the seismometer is confirmed. In the case of the KOSB seismometer, the tide gauge-seismometer pair could not be determined as there was no tide gauge within a distance of 25 km (Step S123).

[0151] Maximum tsunami wave height calculated in step S121 (A T Using ), the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (AT * Estimates ) (Step S130). Seismic signals triggered by a tsunami are transmitted in the form of plane waves, and the magnitude of the plane wave is the distance propagated. d It is known to be inversely proportional to the square root of . In addition, the site amplification effect occurring at the surface is the average shear wave velocity up to 30m from the surface (V S30 It is known to be inversely proportional to ).

[0152] V collected in step S110 S30 , distance between seismometer and tide station collected in stage S110 d , A calculated in step S121 T By substituting into Mathematical Formula 1 of Step S130, the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * ) is calculated (Step S130). At this time, the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A) for the location of the seismometer closest to each tide gauge station T * Calculate )

[0153] For example, A calculated at the Mukho Tide Observatory T If using, A for the JOGB observatory location T * This is a method for calculating. This is performed for the locations of 7 seismographs on the East Coast, excluding the ULDR where tsunami-inducing earthquake signals were observed.

[0155] Theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in step S130 (A T * ) actual tsunami-inducing earthquake signal observations calculated in step S122 (A S Compares with ). A T * x-axis, A S Plot a graph with as the Y-axis (Step S140, Fig. 8). Using the linear regression method, A T * and A SDetermine the relationship between them. In this case, E1 and E2 of mathematical formula 2 in step S140 are determined to be 1.08 and 6.46, respectively.

[0157] E1 and E2 determined in step S140 and V collected in step S210 S30 , d , and the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in step S220 (A L When using ), Mathematical Equations 3 and 4 of S300 can be derived by applying Mathematical Equation 2 of Step S140. In cases where there is no tide gauge station in the nearby area, the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated from the seismograph (A L Using ) and Mathematical Equation 4 of S300, the expected tsunami wave height in the coastal area (A C ) can be estimated.

[0160] Hereinafter, the drawings presented in this specification will be described in more detail.

[0161] Figure 1 is a map showing the environment of an actual application example of the present invention.

[0162] Figure 1 is a map showing the environment of an example in which this invention was applied to a tsunami caused by the magnitude 7.4 Noto Peninsula earthquake that occurred on January 1, 2024. In Figure 1, the x-axis represents longitude and the y-axis represents latitude. The location and fault plane solution of the magnitude 7.4 Noto Peninsula earthquake are plotted, and the fault plane behavior at the earthquake location is plotted. The estimated propagation time of the tsunami caused by the Noto Peninsula earthquake is indicated by a thick dotted line. The locations of seismic stations and ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) that collected seismic motion data are plotted, and seismometers where tsunami-inducing earthquake signals were observed are plotted as larger triangles. Tide gauges that collected tide observation data are plotted. The path from the epicenter of the Noto Peninsula earthquake to the seismometers and tide stations where tsunami-inducing earthquake signals were observed is connected by a thin dotted line, and the average water depth along the path is indicated in kilometers.

[0164] Figure 2 is an example showing the difference in tide level data according to the frequency band.

[0165] Figure 2 is a graph showing the difference in tidal data according to filtered frequency bands. The x-axis represents the elapsed time since the earthquake occurred, and the y-axis represents the magnitude of each data point (change in sea level, m). Each graph represents tidal data filtered into a specific frequency band. From the top, the graph shows the tidal data before filtering, and the filtered tidal data for the bands 0.00001-0.00004 Hz, 0.00004-0.0003 Hz, 0.0003-0.001 Hz, 0.001-0.003 Hz, and 0.003-0.008 Hz. In this example, the 0.0003-0.001 Hz and 0.001-0.003 Hz bands show the most prominent tsunami-inducing signals.

[0167] Figure 3 is an example showing the difference in seismic vibration signals according to the frequency band.

[0168] Figure 3 is a graph showing the difference in seismic vibration signals according to filtered frequency bands. The x-axis represents the elapsed time since the occurrence of the earthquake, and the y-axis represents the displacement (m) of each graph. Each figure represents an earthquake signal filtered into a specific frequency band, and the filtered earthquake signals are plotted for the bands 0.0001-50 Hz, 0.0001-0.0003 Hz, 0.0003-0.001 Hz, 0.001-0.003 Hz, 0.003-0.008 Hz, and 0.03-0.1 Hz from the top. In this example, the 0.0003-0.001 Hz and 0.001-0.003 Hz bands show the most prominent tsunami-inducing signals.

[0170] Figure 4 is an example showing the earthquake signal and polarization direction calculation results after preprocessing in step S122.

[0171] Figure 4 is an example showing the earthquake signal after preprocessing in step S122 and the polarization direction calculation results in step S1223. The x-axis of the top three graphs represents the elapsed time since the time of the earthquake, and the y-axis represents the displacement (m) of the earthquake signal in the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions, respectively. The x-axis of the bottom graph represents the elapsed time since the time of the earthquake, and the y-axis represents the polarization direction calculated in step S230, with values ​​closer to 0 indicating the north-south direction. The red solid line represents the time of the earthquake, and the gray area represents the range in which the polarization direction of the tsunami-inducing signal is consistently calculated. In the top three graphs, it can be seen that the tsunami-inducing signal is observed for more than 48 hours starting from 1 hour after the earthquake.

[0173] Figure 5 is an example of a graph comparing tide gauge and seismometer records.

[0174] Figure 5 presents the sea level height recorded by the tide gauge and the polarization direction displacement records recorded by the seismometer according to relative distance. The x-axis represents the elapsed time since the time of the earthquake, and the y-axis represents the distance to each seismometer and tide gauge relatively, with the distance from the Noto Peninsula earthquake to the Fupo tide gauge set to zero. For example, if the distance from the Noto Peninsula earthquake is 793 km and the location is south of the Fupo tide gauge, it is plotted at the -100 km point on the y-axis. Seismometer records are plotted with blue solid lines, and tide gauge records with red solid lines. The names of the seismometer and tide gauge are listed to the right of each record, while the abbreviations used in Figure 6 are listed to the left. For each tide gauge, the tsunami arrival time reported by the Japan Meteorological Administration is indicated by an orange arrow, and the theoretically calculated tsunami arrival time is indicated by a green line. The tsunami arrival time shows a distinct difference from the seismic wave arrival time, which is indicated by the light blue shading. It can be confirmed that the signal arrival time, duration, and signal shape of the tsunami records from the tide gauge and the tsunami-inducing signals from the seismometer show similarities.

[0176] FIG. 6 is an example of a map showing the locations of the tide gauge and seismometer and the polarization direction calculated in step S1223.

[0177] Figure 6 is a map showing the locations of tide gauges and seismometers where tsunami signals from the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake were recorded, as well as the polarization direction calculated in step S1223. The x-axis of the background map represents longitude, and the y-axis represents latitude. Seismometers are indicated by yellow circular symbols, and tide gauges by red triangular symbols; the abbreviations of each observation station used in Figure 5 are also listed on the map. Areas near the seismometers are depicted using an additional map, including an enlarged map and satellite imagery, allowing the coastline and tide gauges near the seismometers to be identified. The polarization direction calculated for each seismometer in step S1223 is indicated by a red solid line on the enlarged map, confirming that the polarization direction was determined to be perpendicular to the coastline visible on each map.

[0179] Figure 7 is an example showing a signal comparison of pairs of observation stations determined in an actual application case.

[0180] Figure 7 is a figure comparing the signals of the Ulsan tide gauge and the JEJB seismometer. The x-axis represents the elapsed time with the earthquake occurrence time set to 0 o'clock. The y-axis of the top graph represents sea level change, and the y-axis of the second graph represents displacement recorded by the seismometer. The y-axis of the third and fourth graphs represents frequency; the third graph represents the frequency change over time of the tide gauge data, and the fourth graph represents the frequency change over time of the seismometer data. The colors in the third and fourth graphs represent the Power Spectral Density for the corresponding frequency. From the first and second graphs, it can be confirmed that the time-series changes of the data from two adjacent stations are similar, and from the third and fourth graphs, that the changes in the frequency components over time of the data from two adjacent stations are similar.

[0182] Figure 8 shows the corrected tsunami wave height (A T *) and seismograph records (A S This is a comparison graph of ).

[0183] Figure 8 shows the tsunami wave height (A) corrected from actual observational data within the Korean Peninsula. T *) and seismograph records induced by tsunamis (A S This is a figure comparing ). The X-axis is the corrected tsunami wave height (A T *) and the y-axis represents the signal amplitude recorded by the seismograph (A S It means ). An estimation formula between the two values ​​is presented.

[0186] Meanwhile, the present invention can be implemented as an estimation system. Specifically, it can be implemented as a tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismograph records.

[0187] Although this system invention differs in the category of invention from the aforementioned method invention, it corresponds to an invention that is substantially identical in technical configuration. Therefore, the technical configuration common to the method invention will be replaced by the description above, and the following description will focus on the gist of the system invention.

[0189] FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismometer records according to the present invention.

[0191] The present invention is a system for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, executed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge T ) and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal (A), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismograph due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismograph. S A tide gauge-seismograph data pair using ) is selected, and the above maximum tsunami wave height (A T Regarding ), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is T *) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated. S ) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T A tsunami correlation equation derivation unit in which correlation parameters between *) are derived; real-time data is collected from seismometers installed on the coast subject to analysis, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A) in the direction of the coast L A tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit that calculates ); and a correlation parameter derived from the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit and a tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) calculated from the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C It includes a tsunami wave height calculation unit that calculates ).

[0193] In the present invention, the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit (100) comprises a past data collection unit (110) in which past data is collected from at least one tide gauge and a plurality of seismometers; and a maximum tsunami wave height (A) using the past data of the tide gauge. T ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated using past seismograph data. S A historical data preprocessing unit (120) in which ) is calculated and at least two data pairs of tide gauge-seismometer satisfying preset conditions are selected; data correction reflecting earthquake signal propagation distance and surface site amplification is performed, and a theoretical value of a tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * A theoretical value calculation unit (130) for an induced earthquake signal that calculates ); and for a tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in the past data preprocessing unit (120), a maximum value (A) of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal calculated in the past data preprocessing unit (120). S ) and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal theoretical value (A) of the above-mentioned induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit (130). T *It includes a parameter determination unit (140) in which the value of a parameter representing the correlation of ) is determined.

[0194] In the present invention, in the past data collection unit (110), the past tide gauge data is tide level observation data recorded in the tide gauge at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes sea level height (cm) time series data, and the past seismometer data is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E) direction, north-south (N) direction, and vertical (Z) direction. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where the data was collected. S30 ) can be collected or calculated.

[0195] In the present invention, the past data preprocessing unit (120) filters the tide gauge data collected from the past data collection unit (110), and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) is used as the value at the maximum amplitude point. T A tide gauge preprocessing unit (121) that calculates ) seismic motion data from a seismometer collected by a past data collection unit (110) is filtered, and if it is confirmed to be a similar signal belonging to a preset range when compared with the signal of a past tsunami collected by the past data collection unit (110), the polarization direction is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) in the data aligned with the polarization direction is calculated. S A seismometer preprocessing unit (122) that calculates ) and a maximum value of a tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A S A pair selection unit (123) is included in which each seismometer from which ) is calculated and the nearest tide level from it are each determined as a seismometer-tide level data pair.

[0196] In the present invention, the seismometer preprocessing unit (122) is the velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) which are seismic motion data collected from the past data collection unit (110). 2A data conversion unit (1221) in which the data is converted into one of displacement (m), velocity (m / s), or acceleration (m / s²) and preprocessed; a similarity determination unit (1222) in which the seismic motion data preprocessed by the data conversion unit (1221) is a similar signal belonging to a preset tsunami period range; a polarization direction calculation unit (1223) in which the polarization direction is calculated for the seismic motion data determined to be a similar signal by the similarity determination unit (1222), and the vibration data in which the polarization direction is determined to be perpendicular to the coastline is determined to be a tsunami-inducing seismic signal; and the seismic motion data determined to be a tsunami-inducing seismic signal by the polarization direction calculation unit (1223) is used, and the value at the point of maximum amplitude among the data aligned in the polarization direction is the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A S A signal maximum value determining unit (1224) determined by ) is included.

[0197] In the present invention, in the pair selection unit (123), the seismometer-tide level data pair may be provided as any one of a seismometer (displacement)-tide level (displacement) pair, a seismometer (velocity)-tide level (displacement) pair, or a seismometer (acceleration)-tide level (displacement) pair.

[0198] In the present invention, the pair selection unit (123) can determine the seismometer-tide level pair when the distance between the seismometer and the tide level is within a preset range.

[0199] In the present invention, the induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit (130) calculates the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge data in the past data preprocessing unit (120). T The theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal determined at the seismograph location by ) (A T * ) can be calculated using mathematical formula 1.

[0200] In the present invention, for a pair of tide gauge-seismometer selected in the tsunami correlation derivation unit (100) in the parameter determination unit (140), the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) calculated in the tsunami correlation derivation unit (100) S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * The correlation parameters E1 and E2 can be determined through mathematical equation 2, which is the correlation equation for ).

[0202] In the present invention, the tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value calculation unit (200) comprises: a real-time data collection unit (210) in which data is collected in real time from a seismometer installed on a coast subject to analysis for which the tsunami wave height is to be calculated; and a tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast using the real-time seismometer data collected by the real-time data collection unit (210). L It includes a real-time data preprocessing unit (220) that produces )

[0203] In the present invention, the real-time seismometer data collected by the real-time data collection unit (210) is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer in real time, and the seismic motion data is the velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E) direction, north-south (N) direction, and vertical (Z) direction. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where real-time data was collected. S30 ) can also be collected or calculated.

[0204] In the present invention, the real-time data preprocessing unit (220) filters the real-time seismometer data collected from the real-time data collection unit (210) to obtain displacement (m), velocity (m / s) or acceleration (m / s 2 Converted into any one of the data and preprocessed, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A) from the data aligned perpendicular to the coast L ) can be produced.

[0207] In the present invention, the tsunami wave height calculation unit (300) comprises the correlation parameter determined in the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit (100) and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal maximum value (A) calculated in the tsunami-induced earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit (200). L Through mathematical formula 3 utilizing ), the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C ) can be calculated.

[0208] In the present invention, the correlation parameter determined in the tsunami wave height calculation unit (300) and the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculated in the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit (200) (A L Through mathematical formula 3 utilizing ), the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C ) can be calculated.

[0209] In the present invention, if a locally pre-set parameter is applied to Equation 3, it can be implemented as Equation 4.

[0212] In addition, the present invention may be implemented as a computer program. Specifically, the present invention may be implemented as a computer program stored on a computer-readable recording medium in combination with hardware to execute by a computer the method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to the present invention.

[0214] Methods according to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a program readable through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. Here, the recording medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., either alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the recording medium may be those specifically designed and configured for the present invention, or may be those known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. For example, the recording medium includes a hardware device specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as a magnetic media such as a hard disk, a floppy disk, and a magnetic tape; an optical recording media such as a CD-ROM and a DVD; a magneto-optical media such as a floptical disk; a ROM; and a flash memory. Examples of program instructions may include machine language, such as that generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. Such a hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operation of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0216] The embodiments described in this specification and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of a part of the technical concept included in the present invention. Accordingly, since the embodiments disclosed in this specification are intended to explain, not limit, the technical concept of the present invention, it is obvious that the scope of the technical concept of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. All variations and specific embodiments that can be easily deduced by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the technical concept included in the specification and drawings of the present invention should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the rights of the present invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0217] 100 : Tsunami Correlation Derivation Section 110 : Historical Data Collection Unit 120 : Past data preprocessing section 121 : Tidal level preprocessing unit 122 : Seismograph Preprocessing Unit 1221 : Data conversion unit 1222 : Similarity Judgment Unit 1223 : Polarization Direction Calculation Unit 1224 : Signal maximum value determination unit 123 : Pair selection section 130 : Calculation unit for theoretical value of induced earthquake signal 140 : Parameter determination unit 200 : Tsunami-inducing signal maximum value calculation unit 210: Real-time data collection unit 220 : Real-time data preprocessing unit 300 : Tsunami wave height calculation section

Claims

Claim 1 A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, performed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein in the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit, seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge T ) and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal (A), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismograph due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismograph. S A tide gauge-seismograph data pair using ) is selected, and the above maximum tsunami wave height (A T Regarding ), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is T * ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated. S ) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T Step S100 in which correlation parameters between *) are derived; in the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit, real-time data is collected from seismometers installed on the coast subject to analysis, and the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast L Step S200 in which ) is calculated; and in the tsunami wave height calculation unit, the correlation parameter derived in Step S100 and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S200 (A L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by performing a step S300 in which ) is calculated. Claim 2 In claim 1, the S100 step is a past data collection unit, in which past data is collected from at least one tide gauge and a plurality of seismometers (S110 step); and in the past data preprocessing unit, the past data of the tide gauge is used to obtain a maximum tsunami wave height (A T ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated using past seismograph data. S Step S120, in which ) is calculated and at least two data pairs of tide gauge-seismometer satisfying preset conditions are selected; in the induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit, data correction reflecting the earthquake signal propagation distance and surface site amplification is performed, and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal theoretical value (A T * Step S130 in which ) is calculated; and in the parameter determination unit, for the tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in Step S120, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in Step S120 (A S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal at S130 stage (A T * A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by including a step S140 in which the value of a parameter representing the correlation of ) is determined. Claim 3 In claim 2, at step S110, the tide gauge historical data is tide observation data recorded in the tide gauge at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes sea level height (cm) time series data, and the seismometer historical data is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer at the time the tsunami was observed, and includes velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where the data was collected. S30 A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by the collection or calculation of ). Claim 4 In claim 2, step S120 comprises, in the tide gauge preprocessing unit, the tide gauge data collected in step S110 being filtered, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) at the maximum amplitude point being used as the value. T Step S121 in which ) is calculated; in the seismometer preprocessing unit, the seismic motion data of the seismometer collected in Step S110 is filtered, and if it is confirmed to be a similar signal belonging to a preset range by comparing it with the past tsunami signal collected in Step S110, the polarization direction is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) from the data aligned to the polarization direction is calculated. S Step S122 in which ) is calculated; and in the pair selection unit, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A S A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by performing step S123 in which each seismograph from which ) is calculated and the tide gauge closest thereto are each determined as a seismograph-tide gauge data pair. Claim 5 In claim 4, step S122 comprises, in the data conversion unit, velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s), which are seismic motion data collected in step S110. 2 ) data is displacement (m), velocity (m / s), or acceleration (m / s 2 Step S1221, in which the data is converted into one of the following and preprocessed; Step S1222, in which the similarity determination unit determines whether the seismic motion data preprocessed in Step S1221 is a similar signal belonging to a preset tsunami period range; Step S1223, in which the polarization direction calculation unit calculates the polarization direction for the seismic motion data determined as a similar signal in Step S1222, and the vibration data in which the polarization direction is determined to be perpendicular to the coastline is determined as a tsunami-inducing seismic signal; and Step S1223, in which the seismic motion data determined as a tsunami-inducing seismic signal in Step S1223 is used in the signal maximum value determination unit, such that the value at the point of maximum amplitude among the data aligned by the polarization direction is the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A S A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by performing step S1224 determined by ). Claim 6 A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, characterized in that, in step S123 of claim 4, the seismometer-tide level data pair is provided as any one of a seismometer (displacement)-tide level (displacement) pair, a seismometer (velocity)-tide level (displacement) pair, or a seismometer (acceleration)-tide level (displacement) pair. Claim 7 A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records, characterized in that, in step S123 of claim 4, the seismometer-tide level pair is determined when the distance between the seismometer and the tide level is within a preset range. Claim 8 In claim 2, step S130 comprises the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge data in step S120. T The theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal determined at the seismograph location by ) (A T * A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized in that ) is calculated by the following mathematical formula 1.[Mathematical Formula 1] (Here, d represents the mutual separation distance (m) between the seismometer and tide gauge observation points. d ref is the reference distance (m), representing a reference value for normalizing the signal attenuation effect according to distance. V ref is the standard V S30 Represents (m / s). V site is V at the seismograph location S30 It represents (m / s). n is an empirical determination constant, and the V of the Earth's surface S30 It is a coefficient used in the process of normalizing the site amplification calculated from. A T represents the maximum tsunami wave height (m) recorded on the tide gauge. Claim 9 In claim 2, step S140 comprises, in the parameter determination unit, for the tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in step S120, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in step S120 (A S ) and theoretical value of tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized in that correlation parameters E1 and E2 are determined through the following mathematical formula 2, which is a correlation equation for ). [Mathematical Formula 2] (Here, A S represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal. A T * represents the theoretical value (m) of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal. E1 and E2 are A S and A T * As a parameter representing the correlation between them, it is determined locally.) Claim 10 In claim 1, the step S200 comprises: a step S210 in which data is collected in real time from a seismometer installed on the coast subject to analysis, for which tsunami wave height is to be calculated, in a real-time data collection unit; and a real-time data preprocessing unit, using the real-time seismometer data collected in step S210, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A) in the direction of the coast. L A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by including a step S220 in which ) is calculated. Claim 11 In claim 10, the real-time seismometer data collected in step S210 is seismic motion data recorded in the seismometer in real time, wherein the seismic motion data is velocity (m / s) and acceleration (m / s) recorded for the east-west (E), north-south (N), and vertical (Z) directions. 2 Includes time series data, and the average shear wave velocity (V) up to 30m below the ground at the seismograph location where real-time data was collected. S30 A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by the collection or calculation of ) as well. Claim 12 In claim 10, step S220 comprises filtering the real-time seismometer data collected in step S210 to obtain displacement (m), velocity (m / s) or acceleration (m / s 2 Converted into any one of the data and preprocessed, the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing signal (A) from the data aligned perpendicular to the coast L A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by the calculation of ). Claim 13 In claim 1, step S300 comprises the correlation parameter determined in step S100 and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal calculated in step S200 (A L Using ) and the following mathematical formula 3, the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismograph records, characterized by the calculation of ).[Equation 3] (Here, A C represents the tsunami wave height (m) at the coast adjacent to the seismograph. A L represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal calculated in step S200. d C is A L This indicates the distance (m) from the determined seismograph to the coast under analysis. d ref represents the reference distance (m). V ref is the standard V S30 Represents (m / s). V L V of the seismograph location collected in the S200 stage S30 Represents (m / s). n represents the empirical determination constant. E1 and E2 are A S and A T * As a parameter representing the correlation between them, it is determined locally.) Claim 14 A method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to claim 13, characterized in that when a locally preset parameter is applied to Equation 3, it is implemented as the following Equation 4.[Equation 4] (Here, A C represents the tsunami wave height (m) of the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located. A L represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal. d C is A S represents the distance (m) from the determined seismograph to the coast under analysis. V L is V at the seismograph location S30 (m / s) represents. Claim 15 A computer program stored on a computer-readable recording medium to be combined with hardware and to execute by a computer a method for estimating tsunami wave height using real-time seismometer records according to claim 1. Claim 16 A tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismometer records, executed by a control server having a database and computational functions, wherein seismometer data and tide gauge data at the time when a past tsunami was observed are respectively collected and preprocessed, and the maximum tsunami wave height (A) calculated from the tide gauge T ) and the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal (A), which is the maximum value of the long-period seismic waveform signal recorded in the seismograph due to coastal ground deformation caused by the tsunami calculated from the seismograph. S A tide gauge-seismograph data pair using ) is selected, and the above maximum tsunami wave height (A T Regarding ), data correction reflecting site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) corrected for site amplification at the seismometer location is T * ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated. S ) and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T A tsunami correlation equation derivation unit in which correlation parameters between *) are derived; real-time data is collected from seismometers installed on the coast subject to analysis, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal (A) in the direction of the coast L A tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit that calculates ); and a correlation parameter derived from the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit and a tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value (A) calculated from the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit L Tsunami wave height (A) at the analyzed coast where the seismograph is located from ) C A tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismograph records, characterized by the execution of a tsunami wave height calculation unit that calculates ). Claim 17 In claim 16, the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit comprises: a past data collection unit in which past data is collected from at least one tide gauge and a plurality of seismometers; and a maximum tsunami wave height (A) using the past data of the tide gauge. T ) is calculated, and the maximum value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A) is calculated using past seismograph data. S A historical data preprocessing unit in which ) is calculated and at least two tide gauge-seismometer data pairs satisfying preset conditions are selected; data correction reflecting earthquake signal propagation distance and surface site amplification is performed, and the theoretical value of the tsunami-inducing earthquake signal (A T * A theoretical value calculation unit for induced earthquake signals in which ) is calculated; and for a tide gauge-seismometer pair selected in the past data preprocessing unit, the maximum value of the tsunami-induced earthquake signal calculated in the past data preprocessing unit (A S ) and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal theoretical value (A) of the above-mentioned induced earthquake signal theoretical value calculation unit T * A tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismograph records, characterized by including a parameter determination unit in which the value of a parameter representing the correlation of ) is determined. Claim 18 In claim 16, the tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value calculation unit comprises: a real-time data collection unit in which data is collected in real time from a seismometer installed on the coast subject to analysis for which the tsunami wave height is to be calculated; and a tsunami-inducing seismic signal maximum value (A) in the direction of the coast using the real-time seismometer data collected by the real-time data collection unit. L A tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismograph records, characterized by including a real-time data preprocessing unit that calculates ). Claim 19 In claim 16, the tsunami wave height calculation unit comprises the correlation parameter determined by the tsunami correlation equation derivation unit and the tsunami-induced earthquake signal maximum value calculated by the tsunami-induced earthquake signal maximum value calculation unit (A L Using ) and the following mathematical formula 3, the tsunami wave height (A) of the analysis target coast where the seismograph is located C A tsunami wave height estimation system utilizing real-time seismograph records characterized by the calculation of ).[Mathematical Formula 3] (Here, A C represents the tsunami wave height (m) at the coast adjacent to the seismograph. A L represents the maximum value (m) of the tsunami-inducing seismic signal calculated in step S200. d C is A L This indicates the distance (m) from the determined seismograph to the coast under analysis. d ref represents the reference distance (m). V ref is the standard V S30 Represents (m / s). V L V of the seismograph location collected in the S200 stage S30 Represents (m / s). n represents the empirical determination constant. E1 and E2 are A S and A T * As a parameter representing the correlation between them, it is determined locally.)

Images