Integrated Position Information Processing System and Method for VDES-Based Heterogeneous Network Vessel Position Relay

Abstract

The present invention relates to a location information integrated processing system and a method for relaying ship location information in a heterogeneous communication network based on VDES. The location information integrated processing system of the present invention includes a data collection unit that collects ship location information for multiple ships from a heterogeneous maritime communication network, a data normalization unit that converts the ship location information into a standardized format, an importance determination unit that determines a transmission priority score for the ship location information, a data distribution unit that transmits the selected location information to a regional VDES operating system, and a message generation unit that generates an ASM application message based on at least one ship location information and transmits it to a VDES base station. The importance determination unit determines a priority score based on at least one of data freshness, distance from the ship receiving the ASM application message, collision risk, and ship specifications, and the message generation unit dynamically adjusts the number of messages based on channel saturation. Through this, a VDES-equipped ship can identify a ship in a heterogeneous communication network and efficiently utilize communication resources.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of maritime communication, and more specifically, to a system and method for relaying ship location information between heterogeneous maritime communication networks using an Application-Specific Message (ASM) application message of a VHF Data Exchange System (VDES). Background Technology

[0002] In the field of maritime communications, various communication networks such as AIS (Automatic Identification System), V-Pass, VHF-DSC, MF / HF digital, and LTE-M are in operation. Since these heterogeneous networks use different protocols and frequency bands, they have structural limitations that make direct communication between them impossible.

[0003] In particular, while vessels equipped with VDES can receive location information from AIS-based vessels, they cannot receive location information from vessels using other communication networks such as V-Pass, DSC, and LTE-M, which presents a problem in that it is difficult to secure complete situational awareness of surrounding vessels during navigation.

[0004] Conventional technology (e.g., a method of converting and transmitting LTE-Maritime collision risk alarms into AIS message 12 or AIS-ASM, etc.) has the advantage of being able to bridge the alarm to AIS and transmit it even to vessels without heterogeneous communication network terminals, but it has the limitation of not providing a mechanism for detection, avoidance, and mitigation regarding slot collision and congestion problems of AIS radio access (VDL).

[0005] As a result, there is a high possibility that communication network failures will occur due to additional traffic on the AIS channel, which is already close to an overloaded state, caused by a danger alert generated by LTE-M vessel location information with a very short transmission cycle (1 second) targeting only specific vessels.

[0006] Furthermore, conventional technology has limitations in that it fails to provide a means to recognize and monitor risk factors in advance, as it transmits alerts retrospectively only when a dangerous situation occurs. The problem to be solved

[0007] The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a location information integrated processing system capable of efficiently relaying within a limited VDES bandwidth by integrating and processing ship location information collected from heterogeneous maritime communication networks and determining transmission priorities according to an importance-based algorithm.

[0008] Another problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an adaptive relay method capable of detecting, avoiding, and mitigating VDL slot collision and congestion problems by dynamically adjusting the message volume and propagation period according to channel saturation and sea area traffic density.

[0009] The problems of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0010] A location information integration processing system for relaying ship location information in a heterogeneous communication network based on VDES according to one embodiment of the present invention may include: a data collection unit that collects ship location information for multiple ships from a heterogeneous maritime communication network; a data normalization unit that converts the ship location information into a standardized format; an importance determination unit that determines a transmission priority score for the ship location information; a data distribution unit that selects at least one ship location information based on the transmission priority score and transmits it to a regional VDES operating system; and a VDES operating system that includes a message generation unit that generates an ASM application message based on the at least one ship location information and transmits it to a VDES base station.

[0011] The above importance determination unit can determine the transmission priority score based on at least one of data freshness, distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, collision risk, and vessel specifications.

[0012] The above importance determination unit can determine the transmission priority score by applying predetermined weights to each of the data freshness, the distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, the collision risk, and the vessel specifications, and performing a weighted summation.

[0013] The above data freshness is determined based on the elapsed time from the time of receiving the ship position information, and may have a value of 0 if the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined threshold time.

[0014] The above collision risk can be determined based on CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA (Time to CPA).

[0015] The above data normalization unit can map identifiers that differ for each heterogeneous maritime communication network to a common identifier, convert the coordinate system of the ship position information to a unified coordinate system, and synchronize timestamps.

[0016] The message generation unit can dynamically adjust at least one of the number of ship location information and the number of message frames to be included in the ASM application message based on the channel saturation received from the VDES base station.

[0017] The message generation unit may decrease the number of ship location information when the channel saturation is greater than or equal to a first threshold, and increase the number of ship location information when the channel saturation is less than or equal to a second threshold.

[0018] The above message generation unit can variably adjust the number of communication channel slots for the next transmission based on the response result received after the transmission of the above ASM application message.

[0019] The above ASM application message may include at least one of DAC, FI, ship identifier, communication network type, longitude, latitude, speed, course, time of reception, and ship type.

[0020] A VDES-based heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay method performed by a location information integration processing system according to another embodiment of the present invention may include: a step of collecting ship location information for a plurality of ships from a heterogeneous maritime communication network; a step of converting the ship location information into a standardized format; a step of determining a transmission priority score for the ship location information; a step of selecting at least one ship location information based on the transmission priority score and transmitting it to a regional VDES operating system; and a step of generating an ASM application message based on the at least one ship location information and transmitting it to a VDES base station.

[0021] The above priority score determination step can determine the transmission priority score based on at least one of data freshness, distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, collision risk, and vessel specifications.

[0022] The above priority score determination step can determine the transmission priority score by applying predetermined weights to each of the data freshness, the distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, the collision risk, and the vessel specifications, and performing a weighted summation.

[0023] The above data freshness is determined based on the elapsed time from the time of receiving the ship position information, and may have a value of 0 if the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined threshold time.

[0024] The above collision risk can be determined based on CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA (Time to CPA).

[0025] The above-mentioned conversion step may include: a step of mapping different identifiers for each heterogeneous maritime communication network to a common identifier; a step of converting the coordinate system of the ship position information to a unified coordinate system; and a step of synchronizing timestamps.

[0026] The step of transmitting to the VDES base station can dynamically adjust at least one of the number of ship location information and the number of message frames to be included in the ASM application message based on the channel saturation received from the VDES base station.

[0027] The above adjusting step may include: a step of decreasing the number of ship position information when the channel saturation is greater than or equal to a first threshold; and a step of increasing the number of ship position information when the channel saturation is less than or equal to a second threshold.

[0028] The above-described ship location information relay method may further include a step of variably adjusting the number of communication channel slots during the next transmission based on the response result received after the transmission of the above-described ASM application message.

[0029] The above ASM application message may include at least one of DAC, FI, ship identifier, communication network type, longitude, latitude, speed, course, time of reception, and ship type. Effects of the invention

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a vessel equipped with VDES can receive location information of a vessel using another communication network such as V-Pass, LTE-M, or DSC, thereby achieving the effect of enabling complete situational awareness.

[0031] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, unlike conventional technology which is limited to identifying ship information from other communication networks only when a dangerous situation occurs, the effect of securing time to perform preliminary measures, such as advance warning or preparation for avoidance, can be achieved by providing a means to recognize and monitor risk factors in advance.

[0032] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, by prioritizing the transmission of high-importance ship information within a limited VDES bandwidth, the effect of efficiently utilizing communication resources can be achieved.

[0033] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, since extended application messages compliant with ITU-R M.2092, ITU-R M.1371 and IALA G1117 standards are used, the effect of being compatible with existing VDES infrastructure can be achieved.

[0034] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, various message types and priority policies can be applied solely through improvements to the system's algorithm, thereby achieving the effect of facilitating future service expansion.

[0035] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, by dynamically adjusting the amount of messages and the propagation period according to channel saturation and sea area traffic density in consideration of limited communication resource limits, the effect of saving resources during communication congestion and providing more information during periods of slack can be achieved. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0036] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a VDES-based heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the detailed configuration of a location information integrated processing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a VDES operating system and a message generation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for relaying ship position information according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a structural diagram showing the structure of an ASM application message according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of an importance determination algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. However, the present invention is not limited or restricted by the following embodiments, and can be modified in various ways by combinations or substitutions of the components described in each embodiment.

[0038] In this specification, terms such as "connection," "combination," or "connection" are used to include not only cases where two or more components are physically directly connected, but also cases where they are indirectly connected through another component. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising" or "having" are intended to indicate the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0039] Terms including ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., as used herein may be used to describe various components, but such components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0040] The embodiments described below are merely illustrative of the technical concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments. The scope of the present invention shall be determined by the invention described in the claims, and all technical concepts within the equivalent scope shall be interpreted as being included within the scope of the present invention.

[0041] The terms used in this invention are defined as follows. "VDES (VHF Data Exchange System)" refers to a VHF band data exchange system in accordance with the ITU-R M.2092 standard and is a next-generation maritime communication system that extends the functions of AIS (Automatic Identification System). "ASM (Application-Specific Message)" refers to a message format defined for specific application services in VDES. "Heterogeneous communication network" refers to a maritime communication network that uses a protocol or frequency band different from VDES and may include V-Pass, LTE-M, VHF-DSC, D-MF / HF, etc. "CPA (Closest Point of Approach)" refers to the distance to the point where two vessels come closest while maintaining their current speeds and courses, and "TCPA (Time to CPA)" refers to the time required to reach that closest point.

[0042] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a VDES-based heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, a VDES-based heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay system (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a location information integration processing system (100), a VDES operating system (200), a VDES base station (300), and a VDES-equipped ship (400). The VDES-based heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay system (1) is configured to relay ship location information collected from a heterogeneous maritime communication network to a VDES-equipped ship (400) in the form of a VDES ASM application message, so that the VDES-equipped ship (400) can identify surrounding heterogeneous communication network ships.

[0044] A heterogeneous maritime communication network may include at least one of a V-Pass communication network (10), an LTE-M communication network (20), a VHF-DSC communication network (30), a D-MF / HF communication network (40), and a satellite communication network. Each heterogeneous maritime communication network may be managed by an organization operating the network.

[0045] Specifically, the V-Pass communication network (10) may be operated by an agency under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and may be used primarily for tracking the location of coastal fishing vessels and managing fishing operations. The LTE-M communication network (20) may be operated by the Korea Coast Guard and may be utilized for monitoring the location of vessels for maritime safety and search and rescue operations. The VHF-DSC communication network (30) is an international standard maritime communication network operated in accordance with the ITU radio communication rules and may be used for distress and safety communications. The D-MF / HF communication network (40) may be used for long-distance communication in open ocean areas and may be operated by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries or a related communication service provider.

[0046] Each agency can collect location information of vessels subscribed to the communication network and build and operate a data pool. The data pool is a database system that stores and manages vessel location information received through the communication network in real time, and can be built on the server of each agency. The location information integrated processing system (100) can establish a communication connection with the data pool of each agency and receive vessel location information in real time.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, communication between the location information integrated processing system (100) and the data pools of each agency may be performed through a dedicated network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), or a secure public network. The location information integrated processing system (100) adds information identifying the source communication network to the ship location information received from each data pool, thereby enabling the tracking of the original source of each ship location information during subsequent processing.

[0048] Additionally, the data pools of each agency may use different data formats, update cycles, and communication protocols. For example, the data pool of the V-Pass communication network (10) may update ship location information at a cycle of about 1 minute, and the data pool of the LTE-M communication network (20) may update ship location information at a cycle of about 1 second to several seconds. This difference in update cycles can be resolved by performing timestamp synchronization in the data normalization unit (120) and can be reflected in the data freshness (Recency) score in the importance determination unit (130).

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the location information integrated processing system (100) can be easily expanded by adding a linkage module with the data pool of the communication network even when a new heterogeneous maritime communication network is added. Through this, it can flexibly respond to new maritime communication technologies that may be introduced in the future (e.g., low-orbit satellite communication, next-generation maritime wireless communication, etc.).

[0050] The location information integrated processing system (100) can be established in a central operation center and can perform the function of collecting ship location information from heterogeneous maritime communication networks, normalizing ship location information, determining transmission priority for ship location information, and transmitting data to regional VDES operation systems (200).

[0051] The VDES operating system (200) is a system built to operate VDES base stations (300) installed in various locations across the country by region, and can perform the function of generating an ASM application message based on at least one ship location information received from the location information integrated processing system (100) and controlling it to broadcast through the VDES base station (300).

[0052] The VDES base station (300) broadcasts an ASM application message through the VHF band, and the VDES-equipped vessel (400) receives it and displays the location of surrounding heterogeneous vessels on the ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) or AIS screen.

[0053] Below, the process of a VDES-equipped vessel (400) receiving, processing, and displaying an ASM application message on a screen is described in detail.

[0054] A VDES-equipped vessel (400) may include a VDES receiver, a message generation unit (210), and a display unit (not shown). The VDES receiver may be configured to receive ASM application messages broadcast from a VDES base station (300) via the VHF band. The message generation unit (210) may be configured to parse the received ASM application messages to extract vessel location information. The display unit may be configured to display the extracted vessel location information on an ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) or AIS screen.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a message generation unit (210) can separate a header area and a payload area from a received ASM application message and extract a DAC, FI, Message ID, and Session ID included in the header area. The message generation unit (210) can determine whether the message is a heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay message according to the present invention by checking the DAC and FI values. If it is determined that the message is a heterogeneous communication network ship location information relay message, the message generation unit (210) can extract location information of each ship by parsing the ShipList[n] structure included in the payload area.

[0056] The message generation unit (210) can extract the following fields for each vessel location information. From the vessel identifier field, the vessel number or MMSI of the vessel can be extracted. From the communication network type field, the original communication network used by the vessel (AIS, V-Pass, LTE-M, VHF-DSC, D-MF / HF, etc.) can be identified. From the longitude, latitude, speed, and course fields, the current location and operating status of the vessel can be determined. From the reception time field, the time at which the location information was received from the original communication network can be confirmed.

[0057] Additionally, the message generation unit (210) can identify the attributes of the location information by extracting the ProxyFlag, SourceNetworkID, TTL, and PriorityIndex fields. If the ProxyFlag is 1, the message generation unit (210) can recognize that the location information is location information of a heterogeneous communication network vessel relayed through the location information integration processing system (100). The original source communication network of the location information can be identified through the SourceNetworkID, and this information can be used to determine the shape or color of the vessel icon in the display unit.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the display unit can display extracted ship location information on an electronic chart of an ECDIS or AIS screen. The display unit can visually distinguish and display heterogeneous communication network ships and VDES / AIS ships. For example, the display unit can display ships directly received via VDES / AIS (ProxyFlag = 0) with an icon of a first color (e.g., green), and heterogeneous communication network ships relayed via the location information integration processing system (100) (ProxyFlag = 1) with an icon of a second color (e.g., yellow).

[0059] Furthermore, the display unit can distinguish and display heterogeneous network vessels by network based on the SourceNetworkID. For example, V-Pass network vessels may be displayed as a circular icon, LTE-M network vessels as a triangular icon, and VHF-DSC network vessels as a square icon. However, these icon forms are exemplary and can be changed in various ways depending on the operator's settings.

[0060] The display unit can determine the display priority of ship icons based on the PriorityIndex. Ships with a high PriorityIndex value may be displayed more conspicuously on the screen. For example, ships with a PriorityIndex of 12 or higher (highest priority) may be displayed with a blinking icon or highlight to draw the navigator's attention. Ships with a PriorityIndex of 8 to 11 may be displayed as standard-sized icons, and ships with a PriorityIndex of 7 or lower may be displayed as relatively small-sized icons.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a message generation unit (210) can manage the validity of each ship location information based on a TTL field. The message generation unit (210) can operate a timer that decreases the TTL value from the time it receives an ASM application message. When the TTL value becomes 0, the message generation unit (210) processes the ship location information as expired and can request the display unit to remove or disable the ship icon.

[0062] Through TTL-based validity management, a VDES-equipped vessel (400) can prevent outdated location information from being continuously displayed on the screen. For example, vessel location information with a TTL set to 60 seconds may disappear or fade out of the screen after 60 seconds have elapsed since reception. Through this, the navigator can intuitively determine whether the vessel location information displayed on the screen is currently valid information.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display unit may display detailed information about a vessel when a navigator selects a specific vessel icon. The detailed information may include a vessel identifier, a communication network type, a current location (latitude, longitude), speed, course, reception time, vessel type, and a priority index. Additionally, the detailed information may include the distance to the vessel, CPA, and TCPA, and this information may be calculated by the self-calculation of the VDES-equipped vessel (400).

[0064] When a multi-frame ASM application message is received, the message generation unit (210) can identify frames belonging to the same transmission session based on the Session ID and reassemble each frame in the correct order based on the Frame Index. Even if not all frames are received, the message generation unit (210) can prioritize displaying the ship location information included in the received frames. Through this, even if the communication status is unstable, high-priority ship information (included in the first frame) can be displayed without delay.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a VDES-equipped vessel (400) can integrate the received heterogeneous communication network vessel location information and the vessel location information directly received via VDES / AIS and display them on a single screen. Through this, the navigator can secure complete situational awareness regarding all vessels present in the surrounding waters. Conventionally, the location information of heterogeneous communication network vessels could not be received, so the vessels were not displayed on the screen; however, according to the present invention, heterogeneous communication network vessels are also displayed on the screen, thereby securing a time margin to recognize the risk of collision in advance and take avoidance measures.

[0066] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the detailed configuration of a location information integrated processing system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 2, the location information integrated processing system (100) may include a VDES operating system (200) comprising a data collection unit (110), a data normalization unit (120), an importance determination unit (130), a data distribution unit (140), and a message generation unit (210).

[0068] The data collection unit (110) may be configured to receive real-time ship location information from a data pool of each heterogeneous maritime communication network, such as a V-Pass communication network (10), an LTE-M communication network (20), a VHF-DSC communication network (30), and a D-MF / HF communication network (40). The ship location information received by the data collection unit (110) may include an identifier (MMSI, Call Sign, fishing vessel number, etc.), latitude, longitude, speed (SOG: Speed ​​Over Ground), course (COG: Course Over Ground), and a timestamp.

[0069] The data normalization unit (120) may be configured to convert data formats that may differ depending on the heterogeneous maritime communication network into a standardized internal format. Specifically, the data normalization unit (120) may perform an identifier mapping function that maps identifiers used in each communication network to common identifiers, a coordinate system conversion function that converts the coordinate system of ship position information to a unified coordinate system (e.g., WGS84), and a timestamp synchronization function that synchronizes timestamps used in each communication network to GNSS-based standard time.

[0070] The importance determination unit (130) may be configured to determine a transmission priority score for ship location information. The importance determination unit (130) may determine an importance score based on data freshness, distance from the ship receiving the ASM application message, collision risk, and ship specifications so that ship location information important to navigation safety can be transmitted preferentially within limited VDES communication resources.

[0071] The data distribution unit (140) may be configured to select at least one ship location information based on a priority score determined by the importance determination unit (130) and transmit it to a regional VDES operating system (200). The data distribution unit (140) may route the location information to a VDES operating system (200) responsible for the sea area where the ship is located, based on the location of each ship.

[0072] The VDES operating system (200) can receive ship location information from the data distribution unit (140) of the location information integrated processing system (100), and generate an ASM application message through the message generation unit (210) and transmit it to the VDES base station (300).

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a location information integrated processing system (100) may include at least one processor and a memory electrically connected to the processor. The functions of a VDES operating system (200), which includes a data collection unit (110), a data normalization unit (120), an importance determination unit (130), a data distribution unit (140), and a message generation unit (210), may be performed by the processor executing program instructions stored in the memory.

[0074] The processor may include, but is not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Neural Processing Unit (NPU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The processor may be implemented as a single-core processor or a multi-core processor, and multiple processors may operate in a distributed processing structure.

[0075] The memory may include at least one of volatile memory and non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), or SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory). Non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), Flash Memory, Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or Solid State Drive (SSD). The memory may store program instructions executed by a processor, ship location information collected from a heterogeneous maritime communication network, normalized ship location information, transmission priority scores, and data required for generating ASM application messages.

[0076] Additionally, the location information integrated processing system (100) may include a communication interface for communicating with a heterogeneous maritime communication network and a VDES operating system (200). The communication interface may support at least one of a wired communication method and a wireless communication method. Wired communication methods may include Ethernet, Optical Fiber Communication, xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line), coaxial cable communication, or Power Line Communication (PLC). Wireless communication methods may include Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), Bluetooth, ZigBee, LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE Advanced), 5G NR (New Radio), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), or satellite communication, but are not limited thereto.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the location information integrated processing system (100) may be implemented as a server device built in a central operation center. The server device may be implemented as a rack-mount server, a blade server, a tower server, or a cloud server. Additionally, the location information integrated processing system (100) may be configured such that a plurality of server devices are clustered to provide high availability and load balancing.

[0078] Likewise, the VDES operating system (200) may also include at least one processor and memory, and the function of the message generation unit (210) may be performed by the processor executing program instructions stored in memory. The VDES operating system (200) may include a first communication interface for communicating with the location information integration processing system (100) and a second communication interface for communicating with the VDES base station (300).

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data collection unit (110), the data normalization unit (120), the importance determination unit (130), the data distribution unit (140), and the message generation unit (210) may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. When implemented in software, program instructions for performing the corresponding functions may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium may include, but is not limited to, a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic tape, a CD-ROM, a DVD, a Blu-ray disk, a USB memory, a memory card, or a ROM.

[0080] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a VDES operating system and a message generation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 3, the VDES operating system (200) may include a message generation unit (210). The VDES operating system (200) may receive ship location information from the data distribution unit (140) of the location information integrated processing system (100), and generate an ASM application message through the message generation unit (210) and transmit it to the VDES base station (300).

[0082] The message generation unit (210) may be configured to sort the received ship location information according to the transmission priority score and to generate an ASM application message. The ASM application message generated by the message generation unit (210) may be configured by referring to the ITU-R M.1371-5 and IEC 62320-1 standards.

[0083] The message generation unit (210) may be configured to dynamically adjust at least one of the number of ship location information and the number of message frames to be included in the ASM application message based on channel saturation received from the VDES base station (300). Specifically, the message generation unit (210) may reduce the number of ship location information when the channel saturation is greater than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 70%). On the other hand, the message generation unit (210) may increase the number of ship location information when the channel saturation is less than or equal to a second threshold (e.g., 30%).

[0084] Additionally, the message generation unit (210) may be configured to variably adjust the number of communication channel slots for the next transmission based on the response result received from the VDES base station (300) after message transmission.

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present invention, message transmission and response between the message generation unit (210) and the VDES base station (300) may use a message format according to the NMEA 0183 standard. NMEA 0183 is a communication standard between marine electronic equipment established by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) and is widely used in the field of maritime communication.

[0086] Specifically, when the message generation unit (210) transmits an ASM application message to the VDES base station (300), an encapsulation sentence format according to the NMEA 0183 standard may be used. For example, a sentence of the format "!--VDM" or "!--ABM" may be used, where "--" represents a Talker ID.

[0087] Additionally, the response message received from the VDES base station (300) may also comply with the NMEA 0183 standard. The response message may include information on whether message transmission was successful, channel status information, and slot allocation information. The message generation unit (210) can parse the response message to check the result of message transmission, and if transmission fails, perform retransmission or adjust the number of communication channel slots for the next transmission.

[0088] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) can support various sentence formats defined in the NMEA 0183 standard. For example, ABM (Addressed Binary and safety related Message), BBM (Broadcast Binary Message), VDM (VHF Data-link Message), and VDO (VHF Data-link Own-vessel report) sentence formats may be supported. Through this, the location information integrated processing system (100) according to the present invention can secure interoperability with existing NMEA 0183 compatible maritime electronic equipment.

[0089] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) may support message formats according to the IEC 61162-1 standard or the IEC 61162-450 standard in addition to the NMEA 0183 standard. The IEC 61162-1 standard defines a single Talker and multiple Listener structure compatible with the NMEA 0183 standard, and the IEC 61162-450 standard defines an Ethernet-based multiple Talker and multiple Listener structure. Through such support for standards, the system according to the present invention can be flexibly operated in various communication environments.

[0090] Furthermore, the message generation unit (210) can be configured to dynamically adjust the propagation period of the ASM application message based on the traffic density and channel saturation of the sea area.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) can dynamically adjust the propagation period and the number of ships to be included in the ASM application message according to sea area characteristics and communication network conditions. Specific embodiments of adjusting the propagation period and the number of ships by sea area type are described below.

[0092] First, in areas with high traffic density such as port entrances, straits, or coastal waters, the risk of collision between vessels is relatively high, so the message generation unit (210) can increase the frequency of updating location information by shortening the propagation cycle. For example, in a port entrance area where the channel saturation is at an intermediate level (e.g., 50% to 70%), the message generation unit (210) can set the propagation cycle to about 3 seconds and include location information of up to 6 vessels in the ASM application message. This enables a VDES-equipped vessel (400) to quickly identify changes in the location of surrounding heterogeneous communication network vessels in a congested area.

[0093] Second, in a sea area with normal traffic density, such as a general sea, the message generation unit (210) can set the propagation period to an intermediate level. For example, in a general sea where the channel saturation is low (e.g., 30% to 50%), the message generation unit (210) can set the propagation period to about 5 seconds and include up to 8 ship location information in the ASM application message. This setting is intended to achieve a balance between navigation safety and communication resource efficiency.

[0094] Third, in areas with low traffic density, such as open seas, the message generation unit (210) can save communication resources by setting the propagation period relatively long. For example, in open seas where channel saturation is very low (e.g., 30% or less), the message generation unit (210) can set the propagation period to about 8 seconds and include location information of up to 10 ships in the ASM application message. Since sufficient distance is maintained between ships in open seas, navigation safety can be ensured even with a relatively long propagation period.

[0095] Fourth, in the event of communication congestion, the message generation unit (210) may increase the propagation period and reduce the number of vessels to be included in order to conserve communication resources. For example, if the channel saturation level is high (e.g., 70% or higher), the message generation unit (210) may increase the propagation period to 1.5 to 2 times the basic period. As a specific example, in a communication congestion situation where the channel saturation is 80% or higher, the message generation unit (210) may increase the propagation period to about 7.5 seconds and include only the location information of the top 4 vessels with the highest priority. Through this, the vessel information most important for navigation safety can be continuously provided even in a communication congestion situation.

[0096] Fifth, when the channel saturation is at a very low level (e.g., 20% or less), the message generation unit (210) can provide richer location information by shortening the propagation period or increasing the number of ships to be included. For example, when the channel saturation is 20% or less, the message generation unit (210) can shorten the propagation period to about 4 seconds and include location information of up to 12 ships in the ASM application message.

[0097] The figures for the propagation period and the number of vessels described above are exemplary and the present invention is not limited thereto. The propagation period and the number of vessels may be adjusted in various ways depending on the characteristics of the sea area, operational policies, communication network conditions, and regulatory requirements.

[0098] Table 1 shows an example of the propagation period and number of ships controlled by sea area type according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] Sea area type Channel saturation propagation period Maximum number of ships Congested waters (ports, straits) 50~70% 3 seconds 6 ships General sea area (coastal sea) 30~50% 5 seconds 8 ships Open waters (open sea) 30% or less 8 seconds 10 ships Communication congestion 70% or more 7.5 seconds (1.5~2 times) 4 ships (highest priority) Communication spare 20% or less 4 seconds 12 ships

[0100] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in a sea area with a large number of ships (e.g., harbor entrance, strait, etc.), there may be cases where all ship information cannot be transmitted with the capacity of a single ASM application message (maximum 1024 bits). In such cases, the message generation unit (210) can transmit ship location information across multiple frames using a Multi-frame ASM structure.

[0101] Specifically, the message generation unit (210) sorts the ship location information to be transmitted according to priority scores, and then includes the information of the ships with the highest priority in the first frame. Subsequent frames may sequentially include the information of the remaining ships not included in the first frame according to priority order.

[0102] At this time, each frame can be configured to share the same Session ID so that the VDES-equipped vessel (400) can identify and integrate frames belonging to the same transmission session. Additionally, each frame may include a Frame Index indicating the order of the frame, thereby allowing the frames to be reassembled in the correct order even if they are received out of order.

[0103] In multi-frame transmission, the first frame contains the most critical vessel information; therefore, even if communication conditions are unstable, information regarding the most critical vessels of risk can be secured by receiving at least the first frame. This allows information essential for navigational safety to be transmitted preferentially, even under constraints on communication resources.

[0104] For example, if there are 20 heterogeneous communication network vessels at the entrance of a port, the message generation unit (210) may include information on the top 7 vessels with high priority in the first frame, and distribute information on the remaining 13 vessels in the second and third frames. However, these figures are exemplary and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0105] The following describes specific scenarios for multi-frame transmission.

[0106] In this scenario, it is assumed that there are 20 heterogeneous communication network vessels in the sea area at the entrance of Busan New Port. The 20 vessels consist of 8 V-Pass communication network vessels, 7 LTE-M communication network vessels, 3 VHF-DSC communication network vessels, and 2 D-MF / HF communication network vessels. The location information integrated processing system (100) collects location information of the 20 vessels from the data pool of each communication network, and the importance determination unit (130) calculates a transmission priority score for each vessel.

[0107] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the payload capacity of a single ASM application message may be limited to a maximum of 1024 bits. Referring to Table 1, the location information entry for each vessel may occupy approximately 130 to 140 bits. Assuming that the header area (DAC, FI, Message ID, Session ID, Frame Index, etc.) occupies approximately 40 bits and the Signature field occupies 16 bits, the number of bits available for the payload becomes approximately 968 bits. Therefore, a single frame may contain location information for up to 7 vessels.

[0108] To transmit location information for 20 ships, the message generation unit (210) can generate a multi-frame ASM application message composed of three frames. The first frame may include location information for the top 7 ships in priority, the second frame may include location information for ships ranked 8th to 14th in priority, and the third frame may include location information for ships ranked 15th to 20th in priority.

[0109] The following describes the specific process of multi-frame generation and transmission.

[0110] First, the importance determination unit (130) calculates transmission priority scores for 20 vessels and sorts them in descending order according to the scores. As a result of the sorting, the top 7 vessels may be configured as follows. The 1st place is an oil tanker (15,000-ton class) with an LTE-M communication network, with a CPA of 0.6 nautical miles and a TCPA of 8 minutes with a VDES-equipped vessel, and a transmission priority score of 0.92. The 2nd place is a container ship (8,000-ton class) with a V-Pass communication network, with a distance of 2 nautical miles and a transmission priority score of 0.85. The 3rd place is a passenger ship (3,000-ton class) with a VHF-DSC communication network, with a distance of 3 nautical miles and a transmission priority score of 0.78. The 4th through 7th places are composed of vessels with transmission priority scores of 0.72, 0.68, 0.65, and 0.61, respectively.

[0111] The message generation unit (210) generates the first frame as follows. The header area includes DAC (10 bits), FI (6 bits), Message ID (8 bits), Session ID (8 bits), Frame Index (4 bits), and Total Frames (4 bits). The Session ID is a value for uniquely identifying the transmission session and can be set to, for example, 0xA5. The Frame Index indicates the order of the current frame and is set to 0 for the first frame. Total Frames indicates the total number of frames and is set to 3. The payload area includes the ship location information of the top 7 ships (ranked 1st to 7th) as ShipList[0] to ShipList[6]. The PriorityIndex of each ship location information can be set to 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, or 9 according to the priority of the ship.

[0112] The message generation unit (210) generates the second frame as follows. The Session ID in the header area is set to 0xA5, the same as the first frame, to indicate that it is the same session. The Frame Index is set to 1. The payload area contains ship location information of the 8th to 14th ranks as ShipList[0] to ShipList[6]. The PriorityIndex of each ship location information can be set to 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2.

[0113] The message generation unit (210) generates the third frame as follows. The Session ID in the header area is set to 0xA5, and the Frame Index is set to 2. The payload area contains the ship location information of the 15th to 20th ranks as ShipList[0] to ShipList[5]. Since the third frame contains only the information of 6 ships, there may be about 110 bits of free space in the payload area. The PriorityIndex of each ship location information can be set to 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, which indicates that the ships have a relatively low priority.

[0114] Table 2 shows an example of a multi-frame configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0115] Frame number Frame Index Included ship rankings Number of ships PriorityIndex range 1st frame 0 1st ~ 7th place 7 ships 15 ~ 9 2nd frame 1 8th ~ 14th place 7 ships 8 ~ 2 Third frame 2 15th ~ 20th place 6 ships 1

[0116] The three generated frames are transmitted sequentially to the VDES base station (300). The message generation unit (210) can distribute the processing load of the VDES base station (300) by transmitting each frame at predetermined time intervals (e.g., 200 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds). The VDES base station (300) broadcasts each received frame sequentially through the VHF band.

[0117] The message generation unit (210) of the VDES-equipped vessel (400) processes the received frames as follows. The message generation unit (210) extracts the Session ID, Frame Index, and Total Frames from the header area of ​​each frame. The message generation unit (210) groups frames with the same Session ID and identifies them as belonging to the same session. The message generation unit (210) checks the Total Frames value (3) to recognize that the session consists of three frames.

[0118] The message generation unit (210) reassembles each frame in the correct order based on the Frame Index. Even if the frames are not received in order (e.g., the second frame is received before the first frame), they can be reassembled in the correct order by referring to the Frame Index. For example, if a frame with a Frame Index of 1 is received first, and then a frame with a Frame Index of 0 is received, the message generation unit (210) places the frame with a Frame Index of 0 at the beginning and places the frame with a Frame Index of 1 after it.

[0119] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) can immediately transmit the ship location information included in the received frame to the display unit without waiting for all frames to be received. This is called a progressive display method. According to the progressive display method, when the first frame is received, the top 7 ships are immediately displayed on the screen, when the second frame is received, an additional 7 ships are displayed on the screen, and when the third frame is received, the remaining 6 ships are displayed on the screen.

[0120] The progressive display method offers the following advantages. First, the navigator can quickly check the most important ship information (included in the first frame) without waiting for all frames to be received. Second, even if some frames are lost due to unstable communication conditions, the ship information included in the received frames can be displayed normally. Third, since the screen update is performed gradually, it prevents the navigator from being confused by the sudden display of a large amount of information.

[0121] The following describes countermeasures for frame loss situations.

[0122] Some frames may be lost depending on the communication environment. For example, assume a case where the second frame is lost among three frames and only the first and third frames are received. The message generation unit (210) can detect that a frame with a Frame Index of 1 is missing by comparing the Frame Index (0 and 2) of the received frames with Total Frames (3).

[0123] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) can normally process and display ship location information included in the received frame even if frame loss is detected. In the above example, the location information of the top 7 ships included in the first frame and the bottom 6 ships included in the third frame is displayed on the screen, while the location information of the 7 ships that should have been included in the second frame is not displayed. However, since the most important (high priority) ship information is included in the first frame, the most important information for navigation safety can be transmitted even in the event of frame loss.

[0124] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) may notify the display unit of the fact when frame loss is detected. The display unit may display on the screen an indication that some ship information is missing due to frame loss (e.g., a "Some ship information cannot be received" message or a warning icon). Through this, the navigator may recognize that the ship information currently displayed on the screen may not be complete.

[0125] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the message generation unit (210) may apply a timeout mechanism to prepare for frame loss. The message generation unit (210) may start a timer from the time the first frame is received, and if all frames are not received within a predetermined timeout period (e.g., 3 seconds), the session may be treated as incomplete. When a timeout occurs, the message generation unit (210) confirms only the ship location information included in the received frame as the final result, and considers the missing frame to be updated in the next transmission cycle.

[0126] Additionally, the message generation unit (210) may apply a redundant transmission technique when transmitting multiple frames. For example, the most important ship information (highest priority) may be included redundantly not only in the first frame but also in the second or third frame. This provides an opportunity to receive the highest priority ship information through subsequent frames even if the first frame is lost. However, since redundant transmission consumes additional payload capacity, it may be applied selectively depending on the communication environment and operation policy.

[0127] The following describes the control of the propagation period of multi-frame transmission.

[0128] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when transmitting multiple frames, each frame may be configured to be transmitted within the same propagation period. For example, if the propagation period is 5 seconds, three frames must be transmitted sequentially within 5 seconds. If the transmission interval between each frame is 500 milliseconds, the total time required for transmitting three frames is approximately 1 second, and the remaining 4 seconds is the waiting time until the next propagation period.

[0129] In sea areas where multi-frame transmission is required, the channel occupancy time increases compared to single-frame transmission. Therefore, the message generation unit (210) can monitor channel saturation more closely during multi-frame transmission and, if necessary, reduce the number of frames or increase the propagation period. For example, if channel saturation exceeds 60%, the message generation unit (210) can transmit only 2 frames instead of 3 frames and postpone the transmission of lower priority vessel information to the next period.

[0130] Through the multi-frame transmission mechanism described above, the present invention can perform efficient and stable location information relay even in congested waters where a number of heterogeneous communication network vessels exist.

[0131] FIG. 5 is a structural diagram showing the structure of an ASM application message according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 5, the structure of an ASM application message according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The ASM application message may include a header area and a payload area.

[0133] The header area may include a Designated Area Code (DAC), a Function Identifier (FI), a Message ID, and a Session ID. The DAC is an area code determined by relevant agencies, such as the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and may consist of 10 bits. The FI is a code identifying the function of the message and may consist of 6 bits. The Message ID is a unique identifier for identifying individual messages and can be used to track the order between consecutive messages. The Session ID is an identifier for grouping messages belonging to the same transmission session and can be used to maintain the association between frames during multi-frame transmission.

[0134] The payload area may include ship location information for multiple ships in a multi-entry structure (ShipList[n]). Each entry may include a ship identifier (48 bits), network type (4 bits), longitude (28 bits), latitude (27 bits), speed (10 bits), course (12 bits), time of reception (18 bits), ship type (8 bits), SourceNetworkID (4 bits), ProxyFlag (1 bit), TTL (8 bits), and PriorityIndex (4 bits).

[0135] Additionally, ASM application messages may include a Signature field (16 bits) to verify the integrity of the entire message.

[0136] Table 3 shows the field configuration of an ASM application message according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] Index parameters bit count note 1 DAC 10 Decision made by relevant agencies, such as the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries 2 FI 6 Function identifier 3 Ship identifier 48 Fishing Vessel Number or MMSI 4 Types of communication networks 4 0: AIS, 1: V-Pass, 2: LTE-M, 3: VHF-DSC, 4: D-MF / HF 5 hardness 28 1 / 10,000 minute unit 6 latitude 27 1 / 10,000 minute unit 7 Speed ​​(SOG) 10 1 / 10 knot unit 8 Course (COG) 12 1 / 10 degree unit 9 Received time (HH) 6 0-23 10 Receive time (MM) 6 0-59 11 Receive time (SS) 6 0-59 12 Zen Buddhism 8 According to ITU-R M.1371-5 standard 13 SourceNetworkID 4 Source network identification 14 ProxyFlag 1 Proxy relay status 15 TTL 8 Message validity period 16 PriorityIndex 4 Priority index (0-15)

[0138] Referring to Table 3, the Designated Area Code (DAC) represents the area code of the message and can be determined by relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. The Function Identifier (FI) is a code used to identify the function type of the message. The vessel identifier can be expressed in the form of a fishing vessel number or Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) and consists of 48 bits to accommodate various identification systems.

[0139] The communication network type is a field for identifying the original communication network from which the vessel's location information was collected, and consists of 4 bits to identify up to 16 types of communication networks. For example, 0 may represent AIS, 1 V-Pass, 2 LTE-M, 3 VHF-DSC, and 4 D-MF / HF, but is not limited thereto and can be configured to be expandable to include additional communication networks in the future.

[0140] Longitude and latitude are composed of 28 bits and 27 bits, respectively, and can provide precision in units of 1 / 10000 minute. Speed ​​(SOG: Speed ​​Over Ground) is composed of 10 bits and can express speeds in the range of 0 to 102.2 knots in units of 1 / 10 knots, and Course (COG: Course Over Ground) is composed of 12 bits and can express directions in the range of 0 to 359.9 degrees in units of 1 / 10 degree.

[0141] The reception time is divided into hours (HH), minutes (MM), and seconds (SS), each allocated 6 bits, and indicates the time when the vessel location information was received from the original communication network. The vessel type consists of 8 bits and can represent the vessel type code defined in the ITU-R M.1371-5 standard.

[0142] The SourceNetworkID field is a field for identifying which communication network the vessel's location information was collected from. Through this, the VDES-equipped vessel (400) can identify the source of the received location information.

[0143] The ProxyFlag field is a field indicating whether the location information is relayed through a proxy system. If ProxyFlag is 1, it indicates that the location information is of a heterogeneous communication network vessel relayed through the location information integration processing system (100), and if ProxyFlag is 0, it indicates that the location information is received directly through the VDES communication network.

[0144] The TTL (Time To Live) field indicates the validity period of the message. When the TTL value becomes 0, the message can be discarded, which prevents outdated location information from being continuously displayed.

[0145] The PriorityIndex field is a field indicating the priority of the ship's location information and can have a value from 0 to 15. A higher PriorityIndex value indicates that the ship is more important, and the VDES-equipped ship (400) can determine the screen display priority based on this.

[0146] Additionally, ASM application messages may include a Signature field to verify the integrity of the entire message. The Signature field can be composed of 16 bits and can be used to verify whether the message has been tampered with.

[0147] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of an importance calculation algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 6, the flow of an importance determination algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The importance determination unit (130) can determine a transmission priority score by applying predetermined weights to each of the data freshness, distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, collision risk, and vessel specifications for the vessel location information and performing a weighted summation.

[0149] Specifically, the transmission priority score (PriorityScore) can be determined by the following mathematical formula 1.

[0150]

[0151] Here, Recency represents data freshness, Distance represents a score based on the distance from the vessel receiving the VDES (ASM Application Message), CollisionRisk represents the collision risk, and Particulars represents a score based on the vessel specifications. , , , represents a predetermined weight for each element, and can be set so that the sum of each weight is 1. For example, 0.2, is 0.3, is 0.35, It can be set to 0.15, but is not limited thereto and can be adjusted variably depending on sea area characteristics or operational policies.

[0152] Data recency can be determined based on the elapsed time from the time of receiving the vessel position information. Specifically, data recency can be determined by the following mathematical formula 2.

[0153]

[0154] Here, represents the elapsed time (seconds) since the time of data reception, and represents a predetermined threshold time. When is 0 seconds, Recency has a value of 1, indicating the highest freshness, and As increases, Recency decreases linearly, and go If it exceeds, Recency is set to a value of 0. For example, It can be set within the range of 60 seconds to 300 seconds, but is not limited thereto.

[0155] The Distance score can be determined based on the distance between the ASM application message receiving vessel and the corresponding heterogeneous network vessel. Specifically, the Distance score can be determined by the following Equation 3.

[0156]

[0157] Here, d represents the distance (nautical miles) between the ASM application message receiving vessel and the corresponding heterogeneous network vessel, and represents a predetermined reference distance (nautical miles). When the distance d is 0, the Distance score has a value of 1, indicating the highest proximity, and as the distance increases, the Distance score decreases linearly, and the distance If it exceeds, the Distance score is set to a value of 0. For example, It may be set within a range of 10 to 20 nautical miles, but is not limited thereto and may be adjusted according to the characteristics of the sea area.

[0158] Collision Risk can be determined based on CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA (Time to CPA). Collision Risk can be determined to have a higher value as CPA decreases and TCPA decreases. Specifically, Collision Risk can be determined by the following Equation 4.

[0159]

[0160] Here, represents the distance (nautical miles) to the point where two vessels are closest when maintaining their current speed and course, and represents the time (in minutes) required to reach the nearest point. Is Indicates the threshold value (e.g., 0.5 nautical miles) for, Is Indicates the threshold value (e.g., 10 minutes) for . and are each and Represents the weight for, + It can be set to satisfy the condition of = 1. The collision risk is The smaller the, It can be determined that the shorter the value, the higher the value. go or exceeding go If it exceeds, the value of the corresponding term may be treated as 0.

[0161] Particulars are determined based on the specifications of the vessel subject to risk analysis, and more specifically, these specifications may include gross tonnage (GT), ship type, and dimensions (length, width, draft). For example, the Particulars score may be calculated higher the greater the gross tonnage, the more dangerous the cargo the vessel type transports, or the larger the dimensions. This is to prioritize the transmission of location information for such vessels, as the scale of damage is significant in the event of a collision with large vessels or dangerous cargo carriers.

[0162] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the importance calculation unit (130) can periodically update the priority score for the ship location information. The basic update cycle may be about 3 to 6 seconds, but may be dynamically adjusted within the range of about 2 to 10 seconds depending on the sea area conditions.

[0163] Priority updates may be performed based on the following trigger conditions. First, periodic updates may be performed when a predetermined update cycle arrives. Second, event-based updates may be performed when new vessel position information is received. Third, change detection-based updates may be performed when the speed or course of an existing vessel changes by more than a predetermined threshold.

[0164] When updating the priority, the importance calculation unit (130) can recalculate the transmission priority score of each vessel by reflecting the changed environment (vessel movement, speed change, course change, etc.). If the priority changes as a result of the recalculation, the message generation unit (210) can dynamically change the configuration of the ASM application message to include vessel information according to the new priority.

[0165] For example, if a vessel with a previously low priority approaches or increases speed toward a VDES-equipped vessel (400), the collision risk and distance score of that vessel may increase, thereby raising the overall priority score. Accordingly, the location information of that vessel may be included in the next ASM application message.

[0166] Through such dynamic priority updates, the present invention can provide timely ship information important for navigation safety even in rapidly changing maritime environments.

[0167] A specific scenario for dynamic priority updating is described below with reference to Fig. 6.

[0168] In this scenario, it is assumed that a VDES-equipped vessel (400) departs from Busan Port and is sailing in a southeasterly direction at a speed of 12 knots. It is assumed that the location information integrated processing system (100) collects location information of heterogeneous communication network vessels in the surrounding sea area and updates the priority at a 5-second interval.

[0169] At the first time point (T=0 seconds), the importance determination unit (130) calculates transmission priority scores for five heterogeneous communication network vessels present in the surrounding sea area. The first vessel (LTE-M communication network, fishing vessel, 8 knots) is located approximately 8 nautical miles northwest of the VDES-equipped vessel (400) and is sailing away from the VDES-equipped vessel (400). The second vessel (V-Pass communication network, cargo ship, 10 knots) is located approximately 5 nautical miles southeast of the VDES-equipped vessel (400) and is sailing in the same direction as the VDES-equipped vessel (400). The third vessel (VHF-DSC communication network, oil tanker, 14 knots) is located approximately 6 nautical miles east of the VDES-equipped vessel (400) and is sailing west.

[0170] At the first point in time, the transmission priority score of each vessel can be calculated as follows. For the first vessel, the distance is relatively far at 8 nautical miles and it is moving away from the VDES-equipped vessel (400), so the CPA is high and the risk of collision is low. Therefore, the transmission priority score of the first vessel can be calculated as approximately 0.35. For the second vessel, the distance is moderate at 5 nautical miles and it is sailing in the same direction, so the CPA is maintained and the risk of collision is low. Therefore, the transmission priority score of the second vessel can be calculated as approximately 0.42. For the third vessel, the distance is 6 nautical miles, but it is approaching the VDES-equipped vessel (400), so the CPA is decreasing and it has a high Particulars score as a tanker. Therefore, the transmission priority score of the third vessel can be calculated as approximately 0.68.

[0171] The priority order at the first point in time is the third vessel (0.68) > second vessel (0.42) > first vessel (0.35). The message generation unit (210) includes vessel location information in the ASM application message according to this order.

[0172] At the second time point (T=30 seconds), the position and status of each vessel change. The third vessel continues to approach the VDES-equipped vessel (400), and the distance decreases to about 5 nautical miles, with the CPA calculated to be about 0.8 nautical miles and the TCPA about 12 minutes. Meanwhile, the first vessel changes its course and begins to turn southward, and the distance to the VDES-equipped vessel (400) decreases to about 7.5 nautical miles.

[0173] At the second point in time, the importance determination unit (130) recalculates the priority. In the case of the third vessel, the CPA is reduced to 0.8 nautical miles and the TCPA is shortened to 12 minutes, so the collision risk increases significantly. According to Equation 4, the collision risk is calculated as CollisionRisk = 0.5 × (1 - 0.8 / 0.5) + 0.5 × (1 - 12 / 10), but since the CPA exceeds CPA_th (0.5 nautical miles), the first term is treated as 0, and since the TCPA exceeds TCPA_th (10 minutes), the second term is also treated as 0. However, since the CPA and TCPA are approaching the threshold values, the collision risk can be calculated as approximately 0.65. Accordingly, the transmission priority score of the third vessel increases to approximately 0.78.

[0174] In the case of the first vessel, the CPA with the VDES-equipped vessel (400) begins to decrease due to the course change. The new CPA is calculated to be about 2 nautical miles, and the TCPA is about 25 minutes. Accordingly, the transmission priority score of the first vessel increases to about 0.45.

[0175] The updated priority order at the second point in time is the third vessel (0.78) > the first vessel (0.45) > the second vessel (0.40). The rankings of the first and second vessels are reversed, and the message generation unit (210) dynamically changes the configuration of the ASM application message according to the updated order.

[0176] At the third time point (T=60 seconds), the third vessel continues to approach, and the CPA decreases to approximately 0.4 nautical miles and the TCPA to approximately 6 minutes. Since the CPA is less than or equal to CPA_th (0.5 nautical miles) and the TCPA is less than or equal to TCPA_th (10 minutes), the collision risk increases rapidly according to Equation 4. Specifically, CollisionRisk is calculated as CollisionRisk = 0.5 × (1 - 0.4 / 0.5) + 0.5 × (1 - 6 / 10) = 0.5 × 0.2 + 0.5 × 0.4 = 0.3. However, additional weights are applied to this value, so the final collision risk can be estimated as approximately 0.85. Accordingly, the transmission priority score of the third vessel spikes to approximately 0.92, and it is determined to be the highest priority transmission target.

[0177] The above-described scenario is exemplary, and in actual operating environments, more vessels and more complex situations may occur. The dynamic priority update according to the present invention enables the timely provision of vessel information most critical to navigation safety, even in such complex environments.

[0178] The following describes a scenario in which the system according to the present invention responds urgently in the event of an imminent collision.

[0179] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the importance determination unit (130) may set an emergency threshold for detecting an imminent collision situation. The emergency threshold may include an emergency threshold for CPA (CPA_emergency) and an emergency threshold for TCPA (TCPA_emergency). For example, CPA_emergency may be set to 0.3 nautical miles and TCPA_emergency may be set to 5 minutes. If CPA is less than or equal to CPA_emergency and TCPA is less than or equal to TCPA_emergency, the importance determination unit (130) may determine that the situation is an imminent collision situation.

[0180] When an imminent collision is detected, the importance determination unit (130) may apply an emergency priority mode to the vessel. In the emergency priority mode, the transmission priority score of the vessel may be set to a maximum value (e.g., 1.0) regardless of the usual calculation method. This allows the location information of the vessel at risk of collision to be transmitted with the highest priority.

[0181] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when an imminent collision situation is detected, the message generation unit (210) can perform the following emergency response measures.

[0182] First, the message generation unit (210) can shorten the propagation period. For example, if an imminent collision is detected in a sea area where the normal propagation period is 5 seconds, the message generation unit (210) can shorten the propagation period to 2 seconds or less to increase the frequency of updating location information. Through this, the VDES-equipped vessel (400) can more quickly identify changes in the location of the vessel at risk of collision.

[0183] Second, the message generation unit (210) can set an Emergency Flag in the ASM application message. The Emergency Flag can be represented by the highest value (e.g., 15) of the PriorityIndex field. The display unit of the VDES-equipped vessel (400) can generate an emergency alarm when it detects a vessel with the highest PriorityIndex value.

[0184] Third, the message generation unit (210) can place the location information of the vessel imminent to collide at the top order of the ASM application message. Even if multi-frame transmission is required, the location information of the vessel imminent to collide can be configured to be included in the first frame. Through this, the most important collision risk information can be transmitted even if only some frames are received due to unstable communication conditions.

[0185] The following describes specific scenarios of imminent collision situations.

[0186] It is assumed that the VDES-equipped vessel (400) is sailing at a speed of 10 knots in the eastward direction in the waters near Mokpo Port. The location information integrated processing system (100) is collecting location information of a fishing vessel (the first vessel) using the V-Pass communication network in the waters. The first vessel is a 5,000-ton class cargo ship and is sailing at a speed of 15 knots in the northward direction.

[0187] At the first time point (T=0 seconds), the first vessel is located about 3 nautical miles southwest of the VDES-equipped vessel (400). At this time, the CPA is calculated to be about 1.2 nautical miles and the TCPA to be about 15 minutes. The importance determination unit (130) calculates the transmission priority score of the first vessel to be about 0.55. This corresponds to a normal priority level.

[0188] At the second time point (T=60 seconds), the first vessel changes its course eastward and begins to approach the VDES-equipped vessel (400). The distance between the two vessels decreases to about 2.5 nautical miles, and the CPA is recalculated to about 0.5 nautical miles and the TCPA to about 8 minutes. The importance determination unit (130) detects that the CPA and TCPA are decreasing and increases the transmission priority score of the first vessel to about 0.75.

[0189] At the third time point (T=120 seconds), the first vessel continues to approach, and the distance between the two vessels decreases to about 1.8 nautical miles. The CPA is recalculated to about 0.25 nautical miles and the TCPA to about 4 minutes. Since the CPA is less than or equal to CPA_emergency(0.3 nautical miles) and the TCPA is less than or equal to TCPA_emergency(5 minutes), the importance determination unit (130) determines that a collision is imminent and activates the emergency priority mode. The transmission priority score of the first vessel is set to the maximum value of 1.0.

[0190] When the emergency priority mode is activated, the message generation unit (210) immediately performs the following emergency response measures. The propagation period is shortened from the existing 5 seconds to 1.5 seconds. The PriorityIndex for the first vessel in the ASM application message is set to 15 (top). The location information of the first vessel is placed at the ShipList[0] position in the ASM application message and transmitted first.

[0191] A VDES-equipped vessel (400) receives an emergency ASM application message, and a message generation unit (210) detects a vessel with a PriorityIndex of 15. A display unit generates an emergency alert for the first vessel. The emergency alert may include a visual alert and an auditory alert. The visual alert may include changing the icon of the first vessel to red and flashing it on the ECDIS or AIS screen. The auditory alert may include generating an alarm sound or voice guidance.

[0192] Additionally, the display unit may display detailed information about the vessel at imminent collision in a pop-up format. This detailed information may include the vessel identifier, vessel type, current position, speed, course, CPA, TCPA, and estimated collision point. Based on this information, the navigator can take immediate avoidance measures (such as changing course or adjusting speed).

[0193] At the fourth time point (T=180 seconds), the navigator of the VDES-equipped vessel (400) performs a starboard turn to change the course to the southeast. Accordingly, the CPA increases to approximately 0.8 nautical miles, and the TCPA is recalculated to approximately 6 minutes. Since the CPA exceeds the CPA_emergency (0.3 nautical miles), the importance determination unit (130) determines that the imminent collision situation has been resolved and disables the emergency priority mode. However, since the first vessel is still in close proximity, the transmission priority score is maintained at approximately 0.70, and a high priority is assigned.

[0194] At the fifth time point (T=240 seconds), the two vessels safely cross paths and the distance between them widens to about 2 nautical miles. Since the risk of CPA is completely eliminated, the transmission priority score of the first vessel returns to a normal level (about 0.45). The message generation unit (210) restores the propagation period to a normal level (5 seconds).

[0195] Through the aforementioned scenario, it can be confirmed that the system according to the present invention can provide the navigator with sufficient time for avoidance by detecting an imminent collision situation early and responding urgently. In conventional technology, it was difficult to recognize the risk of collision in advance because location information of vessels on heterogeneous communication networks could not be received; however, according to the present invention, real-time location tracking and collision risk detection are possible even for vessels on heterogeneous communication networks, thereby significantly improving navigation safety.

[0196] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the criteria for determining an imminent collision situation and emergency response measures may be adjusted according to sea area characteristics, vessel type, and regulatory requirements. For example, in a sea area within a port, CPA_emergency and TCPA_emergency may be set to higher values ​​(e.g., CPA 0.5 nautical miles, TCPA 8 minutes) to enable an earlier emergency response. In the case of collision risks involving dangerous goods carriers or large oil tankers, the emergency threshold may also be raised to enable a more rapid response.

[0197] In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, when a plurality of heterogeneous communication network vessels are simultaneously in a situation where a collision is imminent, the importance determination unit (130) can determine a relative priority by comparing the collision risk of each vessel. For example, if the first vessel's CPA is 0.2 nautical miles and TCPA is 3 minutes, and the second vessel's CPA is 0.25 nautical miles and TCPA is 4 minutes, the first vessel may be given a higher priority and placed at the top of the order of ASM application messages. Through this, even in a situation where there are multiple collision risks, the most urgent risk can be conveyed to the navigator first.

[0198] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for relaying ship position information according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0199] Referring to FIG. 4, a ship location information relay method according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The ship location information relay method can be performed by a location information integrated processing system (100) and a VDES operating system (200).

[0200] First, in the data collection step (S10), the data collection unit (110) can collect ship location information for multiple ships from a heterogeneous maritime communication network. Subsequently, in the data normalization step (S20), the data normalization unit (120) can convert the ship location information into a standardized format.

[0201] Subsequently, in the importance determination step (S30), the importance determination unit (130) can determine a transmission priority score for the ship location information. Then, in the data transmission step (S40), the data distribution unit (140) can select at least one ship location information based on the determined priority score and transmit it to the regional VDES operating system (200).

[0202] Continuing, in the communication network status monitoring step (S45), the message generation unit (210) can receive VHF band slot occupancy information from the VDES base station (300). The slot occupancy is calculated by combining traffic from AIS, VDES, and other VHF communications, and can have a value from 0.0 (0%) to 1.0 (100%).

[0203] In the communication network status monitoring step (S45), the message generation unit (210) may receive information on the traffic density of the sea area along with slot occupancy information. The traffic density of the sea area may be determined based on the number and density of vessels existing within the sea area. The message generation unit (210) may determine a communication congestion index by combining the slot occupancy and the traffic density of the sea area.

[0204] The communication congestion index can be used to determine the number of vessels, propagation period, and number of communication channel slots to be included in the message during the subsequent message generation step (S50) and broadcast control step (S60). This enables transmission control that adaptively responds to the communication environment.

[0205] Subsequently, in the message generation step (S50), the message generation unit (210) can generate an ASM application message based on at least one ship location information. Finally, in the broadcast control step (S60), the message generation unit (210) can control the broadcasting of the generated ASM application message through the VDES base station (300).

[0206] The VDES base station (300) broadcasts an ASM application message through the VHF band, and the VDES-equipped vessel (400) receives this and can display the location of nearby heterogeneous vessels on the ECDIS or AIS screen.

[0207] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the broadcast control step (S60), the message generation unit (210) may receive a message transmission response from the VDES base station (300). The response may be received in a message format according to the NMEA 0183 standard and may indicate one of the states of message transmission success, transmission failure, channel congestion, or slot shortage.

[0208] The message generation unit (210) can adjust the communication parameters to be used in the next transmission cycle based on the received response. For example, when a continuous transmission success response is received, the message generation unit (210) can gradually increase the number of vessels to be included, and when a channel congestion or slot shortage response is received, the message generation unit (210) can decrease the number of vessels to be included or increase the propagation cycle. Through such feedback-based adaptive control, the system according to the present invention can perform stable message transmission even in a variable communication environment.

[0209] As described above, according to the location information integrated processing system (100) and the ship location information relay method according to the embodiment of the present invention, by relaying ship location information collected from a heterogeneous maritime communication network to a VDES-equipped ship (400) in the form of a VDES ASM application message, the effect of the VDES-equipped ship (400) being able to identify surrounding heterogeneous communication network ships can be achieved.

[0210] The embodiments described above are merely exemplary for implementing the technical concept of the present invention, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the rights of the present invention should be determined by the invention described in the claims and is not limited by the embodiments described in this specification. Explanation of the symbols

[0211] 1: VDES-based Heterogeneous Communication Network Ship Position Information Relay System 10: V-Pass network 20: LTE-M network 30: VHF-DSC network 40: D-MF / HF network 100: Location Information Integrated Processing System 110: Data Collection Unit 120: Data Normalization Unit 130: Importance Determination Unit 140: Data Distribution Unit 200: VDES Operating System 210: Message Generation Unit 300: VDES Base Station 400: VDES-equipped vessels

Claims

Claim 1 A location information integrated processing system for relaying ship location information in a heterogeneous communication network based on VDES, comprising: a data collection unit for collecting ship location information for multiple ships from a heterogeneous maritime communication network; a data normalization unit for converting the ship location information into a standardized format; an importance determination unit for determining a transmission priority score for the ship location information; a data distribution unit for selecting at least one ship location information based on the transmission priority score and transmitting it to a regional VDES operating system; and a message generation unit for generating an ASM application message based on the at least one ship location information and transmitting it to a VDES base station, wherein the message generation unit includes a VDES operating system that dynamically adjusts at least one of the number of ship location information to be included in the ASM application message and the number of message frames based on channel saturation received from the VDES base station. Claim 2 A location information integrated processing system according to claim 1, wherein the importance determining unit determines the transmission priority score based on at least one of data freshness, distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, collision risk, and vessel specifications. Claim 3 A location information integrated processing system according to paragraph 2, wherein the importance determination unit determines the transmission priority score by applying predetermined weights to each of the data freshness, the distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, the collision risk, and the vessel specifications, and performing a weighted summation. Claim 4 A location information integrated processing system according to paragraph 3, wherein the data freshness is determined based on the elapsed time from the time of receiving the ship location information, and has a value of 0 if the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined threshold time. Claim 5 In paragraph 3, the location information integrated processing system, wherein the collision risk is determined based on CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA (Time to CPA). Claim 6 A location information integrated processing system according to claim 1, wherein the data normalization unit maps identifiers that differ for each heterogeneous maritime communication network to a common identifier, converts the coordinate system of the ship location information to a unified coordinate system, and synchronizes timestamps. Claim 7 delete Claim 8 A location information integrated processing system according to claim 1, wherein the message generating unit decreases the number of ship location information when the channel saturation is greater than or equal to a first threshold, and increases the number of ship location information when the channel saturation is less than or equal to a second threshold. Claim 9 In claim 1, the message generation unit is a location information integrated processing system that variably adjusts the number of communication channel slots for the next transmission based on the response result received after the transmission of the ASM application message. Claim 10 A location information integrated processing system according to claim 1, wherein the ASM application message comprises at least one of DAC, FI, ship identifier, communication network type, longitude, latitude, speed, course, reception time, and ship type. Claim 11 A method for relaying ship location information based on a VDES-based heterogeneous communication network, performed by a location information integrated processing system, comprising: a step of collecting ship location information for multiple ships from a heterogeneous maritime communication network; a step of converting the ship location information into a standardized format; a step of determining a transmission priority score for the ship location information; a step of selecting at least one ship location information based on the transmission priority score and transmitting it to a regional VDES operating system; and a step of generating an ASM application message based on the at least one ship location information and transmitting it to a VDES base station, wherein the step of transmitting to the VDES base station dynamically adjusts at least one of the number of ship location information to be included in the ASM application message and the number of message frames based on channel saturation received from the VDES base station. Claim 12 In claim 11, the priority score determination step determines the transmission priority score based on at least one of data freshness, distance from the ASM application message receiving vessel, collision risk, and vessel specifications, a method for relaying vessel location information. Claim 13 A method for relaying ship location information according to claim 12, wherein the priority score determination step determines the transmission priority score by applying predetermined weights to each of the data freshness, the distance from the ASM application message receiving ship, the collision risk, and the ship specifications, and performing a weighted summation. Claim 14 A method for relaying ship position information according to claim 13, wherein the data freshness is determined based on the elapsed time from the time of receiving the ship position information, and has a value of 0 if the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined threshold time. Claim 15 In Clause 13, a method for relaying ship position information, wherein the collision risk is determined based on CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA (Time to CPA). Claim 16 A method for relaying ship position information according to claim 11, wherein the transforming step comprises: a step of mapping different identifiers for each heterogeneous maritime communication network to a common identifier; a step of transforming the coordinate system of the ship position information into a unified coordinate system; and a step of synchronizing timestamps. Claim 17 delete Claim 18 A method for relaying ship position information according to claim 11, wherein the adjusting step comprises: a step of decreasing the number of ship position information when the channel saturation is greater than or equal to a first threshold; and a step of increasing the number of ship position information when the channel saturation is less than or equal to a second threshold. Claim 19 A method for relaying ship position information according to claim 11, further comprising the step of variably adjusting the number of communication channel slots for the next transmission based on the response result received after the transmission of the above ASM application message. Claim 20 A method for relaying ship position information according to claim 11, wherein the above ASM application message includes at least one of DAC, FI, ship identifier, communication network type, longitude, latitude, speed, course, reception time, and ship type.

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