Vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency stair structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vertical stacking prefabricated modular emergency stair structure. The unit stair module (100) of the present invention comprises a rectangular skeletal frame having vertical supports (110) at four corners of a rectangular plane, a stair section arranged diagonally inside the skeletal frame, and a landing (170) formed flatly on one side of the upper portion. A coupling groove (112) is formed at the upper portion of each vertical support (110), and a coupling projection (114) protruding coaxially is formed at the lower portion with a sliding fit tolerance. When two adjacent unit stair modules (100) are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees in a plane, four coupling projections (114) are simultaneously automatically aligned and fitted into four coupling grooves (112). In addition, the entire stack is integrated by the tension wire (210) penetrating vertically through the binding member (200) of the entire layer and tensioning it with the wire anchor (220), the distance from the vertical wall surface is finely adjusted by the elongated hole (340) of the wall fixing bracket (300), and seismic performance is secured by the seismic isolation support (400) of the foundation floor surface. Thus, even in narrow vertical tunnels, a continuous scissor-type evacuation route is formed across all floors solely by the vertical stacking of factory-made modules.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to emergency stairs for buildings and civil engineering structures, and more specifically, to a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency stair structure that forms a scissor-type zigzag evacuation route across all floors by alternately stacking one floor at a time within a narrow space at a construction site, after pre-manufacturing unit stair modules in a factory in which one floor of emergency stairs is integrated within a single rectangular frame, and then stacking them in a single layer. Background Technology

[0002] Emergency stairs or permanent stairs are essential safety facilities for the evacuation of people during disasters such as fires and earthquakes, and their installation is legally required in underground infrastructure facilities such as vertical shafts and ventilation shafts in deep tunnels, vertical shafts and ventilation shafts in subways, vertical shafts and ventilation shafts in power conduits, and vertical shafts and ventilation shafts in underground roads. However, conventional construction methods for installing emergency stairs in such narrow vertical spaces have each revealed their own unique technical limitations. Therefore, below, representative prior art already known prior to the filing of this invention is introduced, and the problems of each are specifically pointed out.

[0003] Registered Patent No. 10-2731133 (hereinafter referred to as "Literature 1") discloses a method for constructing a stairwell of a high-rise building using precast concrete (PC). The gist of this technology is to divide a PC segment structure, which is bent into a U-shape when viewed in a planar view, into a total of four parts (first to fourth segment structures) and manufacture them in a factory with a thickness of 30 to 80 mm, then assemble them in close contact in a U-shape at the construction site, stack them in two layers vertically to complete the stairwell shape, and then ensure structural integrity by compositing a cast-in-place concrete wall with a thickness of 100 to 350 mm onto the outer surface of the thin PC wall.

[0004] However, Literature 1 has the following problems. First, since thin PC walls alone cannot function as load-bearing walls, a composite process with cast-in-place concrete must be added after assembly; this entails wet processes such as formwork installation, rebar placement, concrete pouring, curing, and formwork removal, which prolongs the construction period and significantly reduces construction convenience. Second, due to the large weight and external dimensions of the PC segmented structure, lifting operations to bring it into narrow vertical tunnels are virtually impossible, and it fails to provide an installation method specialized for narrow vertical spaces. Third, since the unit stair module does not secure self-supporting stiffness, the installation of external scaffolding or temporary supports is essential during construction. Fourth, no seismic isolation means to impart seismic performance to the completed structure are disclosed, making it unsuitable for application to underground infrastructure facilities in earthquake-prone areas.

[0005] Registered Patent No. 10-0593191 (hereinafter referred to as Document 2) discloses a prefabricated steel staircase construction structure in which vertical beams and auxiliary vertical beams arranged vertically inside a building serve as columns, and a steel staircase in which side stringers and stair treads are integrated cross these auxiliary vertical beams in a diagonal direction and is fixed by bolts and nuts at each intersection. In particular, in a modified embodiment using steel rods as auxiliary vertical beams, it is proposed that the verticality and support stiffness of the staircase can be adjusted through tension control by turnbuckles.

[0006] However, Reference 2 has the following problems. First, since this technology is a field assembly method in which vertical beams and auxiliary vertical beams are erected first at the site and stairs are bolted together between them, the amount of construction work that must be performed by a large number of workers at high positions within a narrow vertical tunnel is enormous, making it significantly disadvantageous in terms of construction time and safety. Second, since the stair unit itself does not have an independent skeletal structure, it is prone to deformation during transportation and lifting, and it is difficult to maintain factory manufacturing precision. Third, since a means to integrate the stair units by floor to make the entire stack behave as a single structure is not disclosed, vibrations may occur during walking and issues regarding clearance between modules may arise. Fourth, seismic means such as seismic isolation bearings were not considered at all.

[0007] U.S. Patent No. 4,930,273 (hereinafter referred to as Document 3) discloses a modular building and a method of assembling the same, wherein a plurality of single-story modules are vertically stacked to form a multi-story building, and a pair of stairs connecting the floors of upper and lower modules are arranged in an X-shape (scissor-shaped) within parallel vertical planes. Each staircase is isolated by a fire wall to provide two independent evacuation routes in the event of a fire, and the stairs may be installed on-site separately from the modules or may be prefabricated within the modules.

[0008] However, Reference 3 has the following problems. First, since the stairs are supported on the floor or ceiling of the module and the stairs themselves do not form an independent rectangular frame, it is fundamentally different from the core concept of the present invention, which is to modularize a one-story emergency staircase into a single self-supporting module. Second, since this technology is based on a large space suitable for general residential and commercial buildings, it does not provide an emergency staircase module system optimized for dimensions that can be brought into a narrow vertical tunnel-type ventilation shaft measuring approximately 5,000 mm in width and 2,100 mm in length. Third, technical means such as a tension wire binding means for integrating the entire stacked module in the vertical direction, a wall fixing means based on an elongated hole for finely adjusting the distance from the vertical wall surface, and a seismic isolation bearing for absorbing seismic energy are not disclosed at all.

[0009] U.S. Patent No. 9,249,566 (hereinafter referred to as Document 4) discloses a technique for forming a shaft tower having a continuous staircase by vertically stacking precast concrete bodies having four structurally interconnected walls. A locking recess is formed at the upper corner of each body, and a locking protuberance is formed at the diagonally opposite corner of the lower part, so that when the upper body is stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees relative to the lower body, the protuberance and the recess engage, thereby achieving vertical alignment and locking.

[0010] However, Reference 4 has the following problems. First, since the material of the structure is precast concrete, the weight of the unit is extremely heavy, making it virtually impossible to carry out loading and stacking operations in confined spaces where the entry of lifting equipment is restricted, such as deep vertical tunnel-type ventilation shafts. Second, the connection using only locking protrusions and concave parts is insufficient to prevent collisions, gaps, and separation between unit units during an earthquake, and means to integrate the entire stack with a uniform compressive force, such as tension integration means using tension wires, are not disclosed. Third, wall fixing means for finely adjusting the separation distance from the vertical wall surface to match field errors are not disclosed, making it difficult to maintain module verticality on concrete walls with irregular surfaces. Fourth, seismic isolation bearings that block the direct transmission of ground vibrations during an earthquake are not disclosed.

[0011] Canadian patent application CA 3,033,023 A1 (hereinafter referred to as Document 5) discloses a retractable staircase in which a first side stringer is fixedly attached to a wall and a second side stringer pivots around the first stringer to unfold or fold the staircase. Each stringer is composed of a modular section with a toothed connection structure to allow for selective length adjustment, and a handrail and a safety gate operate automatically in conjunction with the unfolding and retracting movements of the staircase.

[0012] However, Reference 5 has the following problems. First, this technology is intended for a single-story foldable living staircase rather than a permanent emergency staircase in a multi-story building, and it is structurally impossible to apply it to a multi-story emergency staircase that forms a continuous evacuation route across multiple floors. Second, since the staircase structure does not have a self-supporting frame for vertical loads and relies entirely on the wall surface for support, it does not meet the purpose of the present invention, which is to be stacked in a self-supporting manner inside a narrow vertical shaft. Third, the seismic and fire-resistant performance of the structure was not considered at all, and it is clearly unsuitable for performing the original function of an emergency staircase, which requires the evacuation route to be stably maintained even during an earthquake.

[0013] As such, conventional technologies each have critical technical flaws in one or more aspects, such as ease of loading and stacking inside narrow vertical tunnels, self-supporting rigidity in modular units, securing structural performance through stacking integration, the ability to adjust the distance from vertical walls, and seismic performance, and a new technical solution is required to comprehensively overcome these issues.

[0014] <Prior Art Literature Search>

[0015] Reference 1: Registered Patent No. 10-2731133

[0016] Reference 2: Registered Patent No. 10-0593191

[0017] Reference 3: U.S. Patent No. 4,930,273

[0018] Reference 4: U.S. Patent No. 9,249,566

[0019] Reference 5: Canadian Patent Application CA 3,033,023 A1 The problem to be solved

[0020] The present invention has been devised to resolve the various problems of the prior art as described above, and aims to solve the following problems.

[0021] The first objective of the present invention is to provide a vertical stacking prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure that allows for the installation of emergency staircases to be completed by simply performing a simple operation of pre-fabricating unit staircase modules in a factory, incorporating one floor of emergency staircases into a rectangular frame, and then vertically lowering and stacking them one floor at a time into narrow vertical spaces such as vertical shafts and ventilation shafts of deep tunnels, vertical shafts and ventilation shafts of subways, vertical shafts and ventilation shafts of power conduits, and vertical shafts and ventilation shafts of underground roads.

[0022] The second objective of the present invention is to provide a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency stair structure in which two adjacent unit stair modules are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees in a plane, and the upper connecting groove and lower connecting projection of each vertical support are fitted together with a sliding fit tolerance, thereby allowing four corner connecting points to be automatically aligned simultaneously during stacking without a separate surveying tool and forming a continuous zigzag evacuation path across all floors.

[0023] The third objective of the present invention is to provide a vertically stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure in which vertical deviation, gaps, and twisting between modules are prevented and structural resistance performance against live loads during walking and wind loads within a vertical shaft is improved by integrating the entire stack into a single columnar structure through a tension wire that penetrates the binding members of all stacked unit staircase modules in a straight line using a wire anchor, thereby preventing the entire stack from deviating vertically, gaps, and twisting between modules.

[0024] The fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure in which the verticality of the entire modular emergency staircase structure is maintained consistently even on a vertical tunnel wall surface with an irregular surface, by connecting a wall fixing bracket to a connecting boss provided on the outer surface of a vertical support and drilling a horizontal elongated hole in the second piece to allow for fine adjustment of the spacing distance.

[0025] The fifth objective of the present invention is to provide a vertical stacked modular emergency staircase structure in which horizontal acceleration input from the ground during an earthquake is isolated and dampened by installing a seismic isolation support having a support coupling groove on its upper surface into which a lower coupling projection of the lowest floor unit staircase module is fitted, thereby stably maintaining the evacuation route even in complex disaster situations such as fire and earthquake.

[0026] The sixth objective of the present invention is to provide an eco-friendly and economical vertical stacking prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure that reduces material costs and construction waste by designing it with a structure that allows for disassembly and reassembly, thereby enabling the repeated reuse of identical unit staircase module assets across multiple construction sites. means of solving the problem

[0027] A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to the present invention for achieving the above objective is a modular emergency staircase structure in which a plurality of unit staircase modules are stacked in a vertical direction to form a zigzag continuous evacuation path, wherein the unit staircase module comprises a skeletal frame in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having four vertical supports erected vertically at the four corners of a rectangular plane, a staircase section arranged diagonally from one end to the other end within the skeletal frame, and a landing formed horizontally flat on the upper side of one end of the skeletal frame and connected to the staircase section of an adjacent unit staircase module, wherein a coupling groove open toward the upward side is formed at the upper end of each vertical support, and a coupling projection protruding coaxially with the coupling groove toward the downward side is formed at the lower end of each vertical support, wherein the inner diameter of the coupling groove and the outer diameter of the coupling projection are formed with a sliding fit tolerance, so that when two adjacent unit staircase modules are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees relative to each other in a plane, the upper unit staircase module It is characterized by including a module binding means in which four connecting protrusions are simultaneously automatically aligned and fitted into four connecting grooves of a lower unit stair module, thereby integrating a plurality of stacked unit stair modules by mutually binding them in the vertical direction, and a wall fixing means in which a plurality of stacked unit stair modules are laterally supported and fixed to an adjacent vertical wall surface.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the skeletal frame further includes an upper horizontal frame that forms a rectangular closed loop by connecting the upper ends of the four vertical supports in a horizontal direction, and a lower horizontal frame that connects the lower ends of the four vertical supports in the same planar shape, thereby forming a rectangular skeletal frame in which the unit stair module can stand on its own.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the module binding means comprises a binding member integrally provided at the upper and lower corner portions of each vertical support, a tension wire sequentially penetrating in a straight line the binding members formed at the same corner position of each stacked unit stair module, and a wire anchor that respectively anchors the upper and lower portions of the tension wire with a tension force of a certain magnitude.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wall fixing means comprises a connecting boss integrally formed to protrude at regular heights on the outer surface of each vertical support, and a wall fixing bracket composed of a first piece and a second piece perpendicular to each other, wherein the first piece is fixed to the vertical wall surface by an anchor bolt and the second piece is connected to the connecting boss by a fastening bolt, wherein the second piece has an elongated hole cut in the direction of separation between the vertical support and the vertical wall surface, so that the separation distance is finely adjusted by varying the fastening position.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a seismic isolation support is installed on a foundation floor surface on which a unit staircase module of the lowest floor is seated, with a support coupling groove formed in the upper surface, and four coupling protrusions of the unit staircase module of the lowest floor are fitted into the support coupling grooves of four seismic isolation supports in a one-to-one manner, so that the entire stacked modular emergency staircase structure is supported on the foundation floor surface through four seismic isolation supports. Effects of the invention

[0032] The following effects are achieved by the vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to the present invention.

[0033] First, unit stair modules, which integrate a single floor of emergency stairs into a single rectangular frame, are prefabricated in a factory and brought in. This drastically simplifies the construction phase compared to conventional on-site concrete pouring or on-site steel welding methods. Furthermore, even in narrow vertical spaces where construction was previously virtually impossible, such as deep power tunnels, subway ventilation shafts, and underground road ventilation shafts, the installation of emergency stairs is completed simply by vertically lowering and stacking unit stair modules one floor at a time, thereby achieving a reduction in construction time, labor costs, and construction costs simultaneously.

[0034] Second, as the unit stair module possesses structural rigidity through its own rectangular frame, scaffold-less construction is possible during the construction phase without the need for external scaffolding, as the unit stair module itself serves as both a work platform and a safety handrail. This fundamentally reduces the frequency of work at heights and significantly lowers the risk of falls for workers.

[0035] Third, by a structure in which a coupling groove and a coupling projection formed coaxially at the top and bottom of each vertical support are fitted together with a sliding fit tolerance, four corner coupling points are automatically aligned simultaneously with only a simple motion of vertically lowering the upper unit stair module directly above the lower module, so the planar position and verticality between modules are immediately secured without precision surveying tools, thereby minimizing dependence on skill in stacking work and dramatically improving stacking speed.

[0036] Fourth, four tension wires vertically installed at the four corners of the modular emergency staircase structure are tension-fixed by wire anchors while penetrating the fasteners of all stacked unit staircase modules in a straight line, so that all stacked unit staircase modules are uniformly compressed in the vertical direction and behave as a single large column-shaped structure, thereby simultaneously preventing vertical deviation, gaps, and twisting between modules, and dramatically improving structural resistance performance against live loads and wind loads.

[0037] Fifth, since the distance between the unit stair module and the vertical wall surface is finely adjusted to match the actual measurement error at the construction site by means of the long horizontal hole drilled in the second part of the wall fixing bracket, precise construction is possible in which the verticality of the entire modular emergency stair structure is consistently maintained along the reference line set by the seismic isolation bearing, even on rough concrete surfaces inside narrow vertical tunnels.

[0038] Sixth, the connecting protrusion of the lowest floor unit stair module is fitted into the supporting groove of the seismic isolation bearing, thereby absorbing and dispersing the horizontal seismic acceleration input into the ground during an earthquake through the shear deformation and sliding behavior of the laminated rubber layer or sliding friction material inside the seismic isolation bearing, and combined with the laminated integration action caused by the tension force of the tension wire, the evacuation route as an emergency stair is stably maintained even during an earthquake, thus making a decisive contribution to ensuring human safety.

[0039] Seventh, since all binding means of the present invention are designed with a structure that allows for simple disassembly in the reverse order of construction, the same unit stair module asset can be repeatedly reused across multiple sites by disassembling the modular emergency stair structure after its purpose of use is finished, transporting it to another construction site, and reassembling it using the same procedure, thereby achieving economic and eco-friendly effects that significantly reduce material costs and construction waste.

[0040] Eighth, the modular emergency staircase structure according to the present invention can be applied as the same modular system to all places where it is necessary to install emergency staircases or inspection staircases in a vertical direction, such as vertical shaft-type ventilation shafts in deep tunnels, as well as factory inspection passages, outdoor industrial plant inspection staircases, bridge inspection staircases, underground vertical shaft access staircases, and underground reservoir inspection staircases, thereby ensuring high versatility. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0041] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the stacked state of a vertically stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the principle of evacuation route connection when two adjacent unit stair modules are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees in a plane. FIG. 4 is an assembly perspective view illustrating the principle of connecting evacuation routes when two adjacent unit stair modules are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees in a plane. FIG. 5 is a front view of a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view of a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing the coupling groove at the top of the vertical support, the coupling projection at the bottom, and the sliding fit coupling structure. FIG. 8 is a partial front view showing one embodiment of a modular binding means comprising a tension wire, a binding device, and a wire anchor. FIG. 9 is a partial front view showing another embodiment of a module fastening means comprising a fastener, a bolt, and a nut. FIG. 10 is a detailed drawing of a wall fixing means comprising a wall fixing bracket, a connecting boss, and an anchor bolt, showing the principle of adjusting the separation distance by the elongated hole of Part 2. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0042] Hereinafter, the configuration of a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure (1) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the spirit of the present invention.

[0043] In FIGS. 1 and 2, a vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured such that a plurality of unit staircase modules (100), which are modularized into a single unit of one floor of emergency staircase, are stacked in a vertical direction, and two adjacent unit staircase modules (100) are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees relative to each other on a plane, thereby forming a continuous evacuation path in a zigzag shape, that is, a scissor type.

[0044] The unit stair module (100) is formed as a skeletal frame having a rectangular cross-section in which the horizontal length in the planar direction is longer than the vertical length, and forming an overall rectangular shape. Specifically, the unit stair module (100) is configured to include four vertical supports (110) erected vertically at the four corners of the rectangle, an upper horizontal frame (120) connecting the upper ends of the four vertical supports (110) in a rectangular closed loop shape in the horizontal direction, and a lower horizontal frame (130) connecting the lower ends of the four vertical supports (110) in the same planar shape as the upper horizontal frame (120). The width, length, and height of the unit stair module (100) are set to dimensions that allow it to be brought into narrow vertical spaces, such as vertical tunnel-type ventilation shafts of deep tunnels, and as an embodiment, it is formed with external dimensions of approximately 5,000 mm in width, approximately 2,100 mm in length, and approximately 2,300 mm in height. This rectangular frame structure allows the unit stair module (100) to possess structural rigidity on its own, while preventing deformation from occurring due to external forces during transport and lifting.

[0045] Inside the unit stair module (100), a stair section is formed that is inclined diagonally from one end of the lower horizontal frame (130) toward the other end of the upper horizontal frame (120). The stair section includes a pair of side stringers (140) spaced apart in parallel, a plurality of stair plates (150) attached horizontally in a continuous manner between the pair of side stringers (140) with a constant step height and step width, and a handrail (160) that is erected vertically on the outer upper side of the side stringers (140) to prevent pedestrians from falling.

[0046] A landing (170) is formed flatly on one side of the upper horizontal frame (120) of the unit stair module (100), that is, on the side where the top of the stair section reaches, and is connected to the starting point of the stair section of an adjacent module. The landing (170) is placed on one side of the two sections that divide the plane of the unit stair module (100) in the horizontal direction, and the stair section is placed on one side of the remaining section, so that a diagonal movement path is formed within the rectangular unit stair module (100) in the plane. Additionally, safety nets or reinforcing bars may be installed on the open four sides of the unit stair module (100), excluding the entrance leading to the module (100).

[0047] In FIGS. 3 and 4, when the unit stair modules (100) configured as described above are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees in a plane, the landing (170) formed at the top of the stair section of the lower unit stair module (100) naturally meets the bottom of the stair section of the upper unit stair module (100) located directly above it, and this meeting is repeated for each floor, forming a continuous zigzag evacuation path across all floors.

[0048] A recessed coupling groove (112) is formed at the upper end of each vertical support (110) and a coupling projection (114) is formed at the lower end of each vertical support (110) and protrudes coaxially toward the lower end. The coupling groove (112) and the coupling projection (114) are arranged coaxially along the cross-sectional centerline of the same vertical support (110), and the inner diameter of the coupling groove (112) and the outer diameter of the coupling projection (114) are formed as a sliding fit with a tolerance of loose fit. Due to this fitting coupling structure, when an upper unit stair module (100) is stacked on top of a lower unit stair module (100), the four coupling projections (114) of the upper module are simultaneously inserted into the four coupling grooves (112) of the lower module, so that the horizontal positions between the upper and lower modules are automatically aligned, and the stacking operation is performed quickly without a separate surveying tool.

[0049] In the present invention, the term "module binding means" is defined as a higher-level concept that collectively refers to all binding members that integrate the entire stacked module so that a plurality of unit stair modules (100) stacked in a vertical direction do not separate vertically or create gaps between the modules. In one embodiment of the present invention, the module binding means is embodied as a tension wire binding structure composed of a wire binding member (200), a tension wire (210), and a wire fixing member (220), which will be described later. In another embodiment of the present invention, the module binding means is embodied as a direct fastening means consisting of a fastening bolt (230) and a nut (240) that directly penetrate the binding member (200) of two adjacent unit stair modules (100). In yet another modified embodiment of the present invention, the tension wire binding structure and the direct fastening means are applied simultaneously to provide both a primary separation prevention function and a secondary stacking integration function, thereby being implemented in a double binding form. However, the module binding means of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any member or combination of members capable of integrating the stacked unit stair modules (100) in the vertical direction may be modified and implemented in various forms within the scope that does not deviate from the spirit of the present invention.

[0050] In FIGS. 5 to 8, in order to implement the module binding means, a binding member (200) through which a tension wire (210) passes is integrally provided at the upper corner and lower corner of each vertical support (110). As one embodiment, the binding member (200) is formed as an annular eye-bolt or a binding plate with a through hole drilled, which is welded or integrally formed on the outer surface of the vertical support (110), and the through direction is set parallel to the length direction of the vertical support (110).

[0051] In a state where multiple unit stair modules (100) are stacked vertically, a single tension wire (210) is sequentially inserted through a connecting member (200) formed at the same corner position of each unit stair module (100). That is, the tension wire (210) passes continuously along a straight vertical path starting from the upper connecting member (200) of the top-most unit stair module (100), then the lower connecting member (200) directly below it, then the upper connecting member (200) of the unit stair module (100) below it, and then the lower connecting member (200). A total of four identical tension wires (210) are arranged in parallel, one at each of the four corners of the modular emergency stair structure (1).

[0052] The upper end of the tension wire (210) is secured by a wire anchor (220) positioned at the upper end of the uppermost unit stair module (100), and the lower end of the tension wire (210) is secured by a wire anchor (220) positioned at the lower end of the lowest unit stair module (100). The wire anchor (220) is composed of a sleeve that compresses and secures the tension wire (210), a wedge-shaped anchoring device, or a turnbuckle capable of finely adjusting the tension force, and secures both ends of the tension wire (210) while a certain amount of tension force is applied to it. In this way, all stacked unit stair modules (100) are compressed in the vertical direction by the tension force applied to the tension wire (210), thereby simultaneously preventing vertical deviation, gaps, and twisting between modules, and the entire stack behaves as a large structure integrated into one.

[0053] In FIG. 9, as a modified embodiment of the present invention, a direct fastening method is applied in which the fastening members (200) between two adjacent unit stair modules (100) are directly fastened with a bolt and nut, in lieu of or in parallel with the fastening structure by the tension wire (210) and the wire anchor (220). In this case, with the through holes of the lower fastening member (200) of the upper unit stair module (100) and the upper fastening member (200) of the lower unit stair module (100) aligned coaxially, a single fastening bolt (230) passes through both fastening members (200) together and a nut (240) is fastened, thereby firmly preventing vertical separation between the modules.

[0054] In the present invention, the term "wall fixing means" is defined as a general concept encompassing all members that support and fix a plurality of stacked unit stair modules (100) laterally with respect to an adjacent vertical wall surface. In one embodiment of the present invention, the wall fixing means comprises a connecting boss (350) to be described later, a wall fixing bracket (300), an anchor bolt (330) that embeds and fixes a first piece (310) of the wall fixing bracket (300) into the vertical wall surface, and a fastening bolt that connects a second piece (320) of the wall fixing bracket (300) to the connecting boss (350). However, the wall fixing means of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any member or combination of members capable of supporting and fixing a stacked unit stair module (100) laterally with respect to a vertical wall surface may be modified and implemented in various forms within the scope that does not deviate from the spirit of the present invention.

[0055] In FIG. 10, the unit stair module (100) stacked vertically through the wall fixing means is additionally fixed laterally to an adjacent vertical wall surface. To this end, a wall fixing bracket (300) is attached to the outer surface of each vertical support (110) at regular intervals. The wall fixing bracket (300) is an angle-shaped member with a cross-section bent into the shape of the letter "L", and is composed of a first piece (310) and a second piece (320) that are perpendicular to each other. The first piece (310) is fixed to the wall surface by an anchor bolt (330) in a state of surface contact with the vertical wall surface, and the second piece (320) is connected by a separate fastening bolt (250) in a state of surface contact with a connecting boss (350) provided on the vertical support (110).

[0056] In particular, in the second part (320), an elongated hole (340) is drilled in the horizontal direction, that is, in the direction of separation between the vertical support (110) and the vertical wall. By varying the position through which the fastening bolt (250) passes through this elongated hole (340), the distance between the outer surface of the unit staircase module (100) and the vertical wall is finely adjusted to match the actual measurement error at the construction site. This position adjustment structure based on the elongated hole (340) borrows the principle of the dry exterior construction method used when fixing exterior materials such as stone to the outer wall, and maintains a constant verticality of the entire modular emergency staircase structure (1) even on the irregular surface of the concrete wall inside the narrow vertical tunnel.

[0057] In FIG. 8, a seismic isolation support (400) is installed on the foundation floor surface where the unit stair module (100) stacked on the lowest floor is placed. The seismic isolation support (400) is an elastic support or seismic isolation support device that operates on the same principle as a bridge bearing device, and has a structure in which laminated rubber or a sliding friction material is interposed between upper and lower steel plates. On the upper surface of the seismic isolation support (400), a support coupling groove (410) is formed in which a coupling projection (114) formed at the lower end of the lowest floor unit stair module (100) is fitted and coupled. Accordingly, the four coupling projections (114) of the lowest floor unit stair module (100) are placed in a state where they are fitted one-to-one into the support coupling grooves (410) formed on each of the four seismic isolation supports (400), and the stacked entire modular emergency stair structure (1) is supported on the foundation floor surface via the four seismic isolation supports (400). By interposing such seismic isolation supports (400), ground vibrations input in the horizontal direction during an earthquake are blocked from being directly transmitted to the stacked unit stair module (100), and vibration energy is absorbed through the elastic deformation and sliding behavior of the seismic isolation supports (400), thereby significantly improving the seismic performance of the entire modular emergency stair structure (1).

[0058] The vertical stacked modular emergency staircase structure (1) according to the present invention, constructed in this manner, is constructed by stacking and assembling unit staircase modules (100) pre-fabricated in a factory, lowering them one by one into a narrow vertical space such as a vertical tunnel-type ventilation shaft at a construction site, and the operation of each component is performed as follows according to the construction sequence.

[0059] As a foundational stage of construction, four seismic isolation supports (400) are installed on the bottom surface of a vertical tunnel in a rectangular arrangement corresponding to the planar shape of a unit stair module (100). At this time, the support coupling groove (410) formed on the upper surface of each seismic isolation support (400) is aligned coaxially with the position of the four coupling protrusions (114) of the lowest floor unit stair module (100) to be seated directly above it. Since the seismic isolation supports (400) act as construction reference points for the entire modular emergency stair structure (1), the planar positions of all subsequently stacked unit stair modules (100) are automatically aligned.

[0060] Next, when the lowest unit stair module (100) is lowered into the vertical shaft by lifting equipment, the connecting protrusions (114) formed at the bottom of the four vertical supports (110) are simultaneously fitted into the support connecting grooves (410) of the four seismic isolation supports (400). Since the connecting protrusions (114) and the support connecting grooves (410) are formed with a sliding fit tolerance, the accurate seating position is automatically secured simply by the motion of vertically lowering the unit stair module (100) without the operator using a separate precision surveying tool.

[0061] In the next step, a second unit stair module (100) is stacked directly above the lowest unit stair module (100). At this time, the second unit stair module (100) is lifted in a position rotated 180 degrees relative to the lowest module in a planar position and then lowered vertically, and the four connecting protrusions (114) of the second module are simultaneously inserted into the four connecting grooves (112) of the lowest module. Due to the sliding fit action of the connecting grooves (112) and the connecting protrusions (114), the horizontal position between the two upper and lower modules is automatically aligned, and at the same time, shear resistance against lateral external forces is immediately secured at the fitting cross-section. In addition, as the second module is stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees, the landing (170) located at the top of the stair section inside the lowest module is naturally connected to the bottom of the stair section inside the second module, and the evacuation path between the two modules is connected without interruption. At this time, the upper surface of the landing (170) is closed with a sturdy steel plate or the like, so a stable surface is provided that a pedestrian can step on while changing their direction of travel by 180 degrees.

[0062] As this stacking motion is repeated until the number of floors in the design is reached, the stair sections of all unit stair modules (100) are alternately arranged diagonally in the plane, thereby completing a scissor-type zigzag evacuation route overall. A pedestrian ascends or descends along a safe walking route even inside a narrow vertical shaft by repeating the motion of ascending one stair section from the entrance of the lowest floor, changing the direction of travel 180 degrees at the landing (170), and ascending the stair section of the floor above.

[0063] When the stacking of unit stair modules (100) up to the design floor number is completed, a binding operation of tension wires (210) that integrate the entire stack is performed. At each of the four corners of the modular emergency stair structure (1), the worker inserts the tension wire (210) downward from the upper binding member (200) of the top floor unit stair module (100) and performs a penetration operation in the order of the lower binding member (200) directly below it, the upper binding member (200) of the lower floor module, and then the lower binding member (200). This penetration operation continues in a straight line until it reaches the lower binding member (200) of the lowest floor unit stair module (100), and as a result, four tension wires (210) are arranged vertically and parallelly at the four corner positions of the modular emergency stair structure (1).

[0064] Next, the lower end of the tension wire (210) is first secured to a wire anchor (220) positioned at the bottom of the lowest unit stair module (100), and a tensioner is connected to the upper end of the tension wire (210) to apply a pre-designed introductory tension force, after which the upper end of the tension wire (210) is secondarily secured to a wire anchor (220) positioned at the top of the highest unit stair module (100). If the wire anchor (220) is configured in the form of a turnbuckle, the tension force of the tension wire (210) is finely adjusted by only rotating the turnbuckle. The tension force applied to the tension wire (210) performs the function of uniformly compressing all stacked unit stair modules (100) in the vertical direction, and accordingly, the fitting surfaces of the connecting protrusion (114) and connecting groove (112) between adjacent modules are always maintained in a compressed state, thereby simultaneously preventing vertical deviation, fine gaps, and twisting deformation throughout the entire stack. As a result, multiple stacked unit stair modules (100) behave as a single large columnar structure, and the resistance to live loads generated during pedestrian passage and wind loads inside the vertical shaft is dramatically improved.

[0065] Meanwhile, as a modified embodiment of the present invention, when a direct bolt-nut fastening method is applied instead of or in parallel with the tension wire (210) method, the connecting members (200) of two adjacent unit stair modules (100) are directly connected to each other by a single fastening bolt (230) and nut (240). Since this direct fastening method ensures immediate connection at every stage of stacking, it provides immediate safety for the work at each construction stage. When used in parallel with the tension wire (210) method, separation between adjacent modules is prevented primarily through the fastening bolt (230) and nut (240) at least two of the four connecting members (200), and a double fastening action is achieved in which the tension wire (210) integrates the entire stacking at the remaining two connecting members (200).

[0066] The modular emergency staircase structure (1), upon completion of the stacking and integration process, is additionally fixed laterally to an adjacent vertical wall surface via a wall fixing bracket (300). At this time, a connecting boss (350) is integrally formed protruding from the outer surface of each vertical support (110) at regular heights, and the second part (320) of the wall fixing bracket (300) is connected by a fastening bolt (250) in a state where it is in surface contact only with the connecting boss (350). Since the connecting boss (350) is provided as a dedicated connecting member for the wall fixing bracket (300), the connecting member (200) through which the tension wire (210) passes is completely separated from the external force path for wall fixing and is dedicated solely to the tension anchoring function. As a result, the tension anchoring action of the tension wire (210) and the wall fixing action are each exerted independently without mutual interference, and the connection of the other side is not affected during the construction or maintenance of either side.

[0067] The first part (310) of the wall fixing bracket (300) is fixed to the wall surface by an anchor bolt (330) while in surface contact with the vertical wall surface, and the second part (320) is connected to a connecting boss (350), and the elongated hole (340) drilled in the second part (320) is cut long along the horizontal direction, that is, the direction of separation between the vertical support (110) and the vertical wall surface. Accordingly, the connection position of the fastening bolt (250) is varied within the length range of the elongated hole (340), and even if the concrete wall surface of the construction site is somewhat irregular in terms of the plan view, the verticality of the entire modular emergency staircase structure (1) is maintained consistently along the reference point set by the seismic isolation support (400). This operates with the same mechanism as the position adjustment principle applied in the dry attachment method of the exterior stone exterior material.

[0068] In the event of an earthquake, the seismic isolation bearing (400) exerts its inherent seismic isolation action. The horizontal seismic acceleration input into the ground is absorbed and dispersed through the shear deformation and sliding behavior of the laminated rubber layer or sliding friction material inside the seismic isolation bearing (400), and as a result, only damped horizontal acceleration is transmitted to the modular emergency stair structure (1) laminated on top of the seismic isolation bearing (400). In addition, since the entire laminate is integrated by the tension force of the tension wire (210), collision behavior between unit stair modules (100), occurrence of fine gaps, and module separation are fundamentally prevented when vibration is input. Consequently, the modular emergency stair structure (1) according to the present invention combines the isolation action of input vibration by the seismic isolation bearing (400) and the laminate integration action by the tension wire (210), thereby stably maintaining the evacuation path as an emergency stair even during an earthquake.

[0069] Finally, the modular emergency staircase structure (1) according to the present invention functions as a structure capable of disassembly in the reverse order of construction. After releasing the anchoring of the tension wire (210) from the wire anchor (220) and separating the fastening bolt (250) of the wall fixing bracket (300) from the connecting boss (350), the uppermost unit staircase module (100) is lifted sequentially, and the interlocking connection of the connecting projection (114) and the connecting groove (112) is naturally released without damage within the range of the sliding fit tolerance. The disassembled unit staircase module (100) is transported to another construction site and reassembled by the same stacking procedure, thereby achieving an economic effect in which the same module asset is repeatedly reused across multiple sites.

[0070] The vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure (1) according to the present invention exhibits the following effects through the configuration and operation as described above.

[0071] First, since a unit stair module (100) in which a single floor of emergency stairs is integrated within a single rectangular frame is prefabricated in a factory and then brought to the construction site, the construction stage is drastically simplified compared to conventional on-site concrete pouring methods or on-site steel welding methods. In particular, since the external dimensions of the unit stair module (100) are pre-set to match the cross-sectional specifications of a narrow vertical tunnel-type ventilation shaft, the installation of emergency stairs is completed by simply lowering and stacking the unit stair modules (100) one floor at a time, even in narrow vertical spaces where on-site construction was previously virtually difficult, such as deep power tunnels, subway ventilation shafts, and underground road ventilation shafts. As a result, the construction period is drastically shortened, the amount of manpower required is reduced, and construction costs are significantly reduced.

[0072] Second, as the unit stair module (100) possesses structural rigidity as its own rectangular frame, scaffolding-free construction becomes possible, in which the unit stair module (100) itself serves as both a work platform and a safety railing without the need for external scaffolding during the construction phase. Accordingly, there is no need to secure a separate space for installing large scaffolding at sites located in narrow areas or urban alleys, and the frequency of high-altitude scaffolding work is fundamentally reduced, thereby significantly reducing the risk of workers falling.

[0073] Third, by a structure in which a coupling groove (112) and a coupling projection (114) formed coaxially at the top and bottom of each vertical support (110) are fitted together with a sliding fit tolerance, four corner coupling points are automatically aligned simultaneously by simply lowering the upper unit stair module (100) vertically to the upper part of the lower module. As a result, the planar position and verticality between modules are immediately secured without the operator using a separate precision surveying tool, the dependence on skill level for stacking work is minimized, and the stacking speed is dramatically improved.

[0074] Fourth, four tension wires (210) vertically arranged at the four corners of the modular emergency staircase structure (1) are fixed with a constant tensile force by the wire anchor (220) while penetrating the binding member (200) of all stacked unit staircase modules (100) in a straight line, so that all stacked unit staircase modules (100) are uniformly compressed in the vertical direction. Due to this tension integration action, the entire stack acts as a single large column-shaped structure, and vertical deviation between modules, fine gaps, and torsional deformation are simultaneously prevented, and the structural resistance performance against live loads during pedestrian passage and wind loads inside the vertical shaft is dramatically improved.

[0075] Fifth, as a modified embodiment of the present invention, when the tension wire (210) method and the bolt and nut direct fastening method are used in parallel, a double binding safety system is implemented that combines a primary binding action that immediately prevents separation between adjacent unit stair modules (100) and a secondary binding action that integrates the entire stack. As a result, temporary stability during construction and permanent stability after construction are secured in stages, so that there is no risk of stack collapse at any point during the construction phase.

[0076] Sixth, a connecting boss (350) is integrally provided on the outer surface of each vertical support (110) as a member dedicated to wall fixing, and since the function and location are clearly separated from the binding member (200) through which the tension wire (210) passes, the tension fixing function of the tension wire (210) and the lateral support function through the wall fixing bracket (300) are each performed independently without mutual interference. As a result, the release or re-construction of one of the bindings during construction or maintenance does not affect the other function, thereby ensuring both construction efficiency and maintenance convenience.

[0077] Seventh, by means of the elongated hole (340) horizontally drilled in the second part (320) of the wall fixing bracket (300), the distance between the unit stair module (100) and the vertical wall surface is finely adjusted to match the actual measurement error at the construction site. Since this position adjustment action is based on a principle already verified in the dry attachment method of exterior stone exterior materials, even if the concrete wall surface at the construction site is somewhat irregular in terms of the plan view, the verticality of the entire modular emergency stair structure (1) is maintained consistently along the reference line set by the seismic isolation support (400). This ensures a precise degree of construction even on rough concrete surfaces inside narrow vertical tunnels.

[0078] Eighth, since the four connecting protrusions (114) formed at the bottom of the lowest unit stair module (100) are seated in a one-to-one fitting state into the support connecting grooves (410) of the four seismic isolation supports (400), the horizontal seismic acceleration input to the ground during an earthquake is absorbed and dispersed through the shear deformation and sliding behavior of the laminated rubber layer or sliding friction material of the seismic isolation supports (400). As a result, the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration transmitted to the laminated modular emergency stair structure (1) is significantly attenuated, and combined with the laminated integration action caused by the tension force of the tension wire (210), no collision, gap, or separation occurs between the unit stair modules (100) even during an earthquake. Consequently, the evacuation route as an emergency stair is stably maintained even in disaster situations such as fire and earthquake, and contributes decisively to ensuring human safety.

[0079] Ninth, all fastening means of the present invention function as a structure that allows for simple disassembly work in the reverse order of construction. That is, when the tension wire (210) is released from the wire anchor (220) and the fastening bolt of the wall fixing bracket (300) is separated from the connecting boss (350), and then sequentially lifted starting from the top floor unit stair module (100), the interlocking connection of the connecting projection (114) and the connecting groove (112) is naturally released without damage within the range of the sliding fit tolerance. Thus, the modular emergency stair structure (1), having completed its purpose of use, is disassembled, transported to another construction site, and reassembled using the same procedure, and the same unit stair module (100) asset is repeatedly reused across multiple sites. Due to this possibility of disassembly and reuse, material costs and the amount of construction waste generated are significantly reduced compared to the conventional monolithic construction method, thereby achieving both economic and environmental effects simultaneously.

[0080] Tenth, the modular emergency staircase structure (1) according to the present invention can be applied as the same modular system to all places where it is necessary to install emergency staircases or inspection staircases in a vertical direction, such as vertical tunnel-type ventilation shafts of deep tunnels, inspection passages inside factories, inspection staircases of outdoor industrial plants, bridge inspection staircases, underground vertical shaft access staircases, and underground reservoir inspection staircases. This opens up a new market for emergency staircases in narrow vertical spaces and special environments where construction was previously difficult, and ensures high versatility by satisfying the requirements of various construction environments through a single standardized modular system. Explanation of the symbols

[0081] 1: Modular emergency staircase structure 100: Unit staircase module 110: Vertical support 112: Connecting groove 114: Connecting projection 120: Upper horizontal frame 130: Lower horizontal frame 140: Side stringer 150: Stair tread 160: Handrail 170: Landing 200: Fastener 210: Tension wire 220: Wire anchor 230: Fastening bolt 240: Nut 250: Fastening Bolt 300: Wall Fixing Bracket 310: Part 1 320: Part 2 330: Anchor Bolt 340: Long hole 350: Connecting boss 400: Seismic isolation base 410: Support coupling groove

Claims

Claim 1 A modular emergency staircase structure comprising a plurality of unit staircase modules stacked vertically to form a continuous zigzag evacuation path, wherein the unit staircase module comprises a rectangular skeletal frame having four vertical supports erected vertically at the four corners of a rectangular plane, a staircase section arranged diagonally from one end to the other within the skeletal frame, and a landing formed horizontally and flatly on the upper side of one end of the skeletal frame and connected to the staircase section of an adjacent unit staircase module, wherein a coupling groove open toward the upward side is formed at the upper end of each vertical support, and a coupling projection protruding coaxially with the coupling groove toward the downward side is formed at the lower end of each vertical support, wherein the inner diameter of the coupling groove and the outer diameter of the coupling projection are formed with a sliding fit tolerance, so that when two adjacent unit staircase modules are alternately stacked in a position rotated 180 degrees relative to each other in a plane, the four coupling projections of the upper unit staircase module are simultaneously and automatically aligned with the four coupling grooves of the lower unit staircase module A vertical stacked modular emergency stair structure comprising a module binding means that interlocks and integrates a plurality of stacked unit stair modules in the vertical direction, wherein the module binding means comprises a binding member integrally provided at the upper and lower corner portions of each vertical support, a tension wire sequentially penetrating the binding member formed at the same corner position of each of the plurality of stacked unit stair modules in a straight line, and a wire anchor that anchors the upper and lower portions of the tension wire with a tension force of a certain magnitude, wherein the entire plurality of stacked unit stair modules are compressed in the vertical direction by the tension force applied to the tension wire and function as a single column-shaped structure. Claim 2 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to claim 1, wherein the skeletal frame further comprises an upper horizontal frame that forms a rectangular closed loop by connecting the upper ends of the four vertical supports in a horizontal direction, and a lower horizontal frame that connects the lower ends of the four vertical supports in the same planar shape as the upper horizontal frame, thereby forming a rectangular prism-shaped skeleton in which the unit staircase module can stand on its own. Claim 3 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to claim 1, wherein the staircase section comprises a pair of side stringers spaced apart in parallel within the skeletal frame, a plurality of stair plates continuously attached between the pair of side stringers with a constant step height and step width, and a handrail erected vertically on the outer upper side of the side stringers to prevent pedestrians from falling. Claim 4 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to claim 1, wherein the module binding means further comprises a fastening bolt that penetrates both binding members together while the binding members of two vertically adjacent unit staircase modules are aligned coaxially, and a nut that is fastened to the fastening bolt to mutually compress and fix the two binding members, thereby forming a double binding structure that primarily prevents separation between two vertically adjacent unit staircase modules in addition to the tension integration of the entire stack by the tension wire. Claim 5 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to claim 1, further comprising a wall fixing means for laterally supporting and fixing a plurality of stacked unit staircase modules with respect to an adjacent vertical wall surface, wherein the wall fixing means comprises a connecting boss integrally formed to protrude at a certain height on the outer surface of each vertical support, and a wall fixing bracket composed of a first piece and a second piece perpendicular to each other, wherein the first piece is fixed to the vertical wall surface by an anchor bolt in a state of surface contact with the vertical wall surface and the second piece is connected by a fastening bolt in a state of surface contact with the connecting boss. Claim 6 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the second part has an elongated hole cut along the spacing direction between the vertical support and the vertical wall surface, and the position through which the fastening bolt passes is varied within the length range of the elongated hole, thereby allowing the spacing distance between the unit staircase module and the vertical wall surface to be finely adjusted. Claim 7 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency staircase structure according to claim 1, further comprising a seismic isolation support installed on a foundation floor surface on which the unit staircase module of the lowest layer is seated, and having a support coupling groove formed recessed on its upper surface into which the coupling projection is fitted, wherein four coupling projections of the unit staircase module of the lowest layer are fitted one-to-one into the support coupling grooves formed on each of the four seismic isolation supports, such that the entire self-weight of the stacked modular emergency staircase structure is supported on the foundation floor surface via the seismic isolation supports. Claim 8 A vertical stacked prefabricated modular emergency stair structure according to claim 7, wherein the seismic isolation bearing is composed of a seismic isolation structure in which a laminated rubber layer or a sliding friction material is interposed between upper and lower steel plates, and horizontal vibrations input to the ground during an earthquake are absorbed and dispersed through the shear deformation of the laminated rubber layer or the sliding friction material, thereby attenuating the horizontal acceleration transmitted to the unit stair module.

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