Method and apparatus for ultra-wideband carrier aggregation transmission

Abstract

Next-generation wireless communication systems may use ultra-widebands, such as mmWave or Sub-THz bands, to increase communication efficiency. This specification proposes an ultra-wideband frequency aggregation transmission method and an apparatus utilizing said method.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to an ultra-wideband frequency aggregation transmission method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The usage scenarios of the 6G system can be six aspects, such as Immersive Communication, Hyper Reliable & Low-Latency Communication, Massive Communication, Ubiquitous Connectivity, Integrated AI and Communication, and Integrated Sensing and Communication.

[0003] 6G mobile communication utilizes ultra-widebands, such as Sub-THz and THz bands, in addition to the existing mmWave band. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band utilizes significantly more frequency resources, making it easier to increase channel bandwidth; consequently, this leads to increased data transmission speeds and cell throughput. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz range lies within the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0004] A Carrier Aggregation (CA) system refers to the aggregation of multiple component carriers (CC). Due to this carrier aggregation, the meaning of the existing cell has changed. According to carrier aggregation, a cell can refer to a combination of a downlink component carrier and an uplink component carrier, or a single downlink component carrier.

[0005] Carrier aggregation can also be used in 6G mobile communication. For example, in 6G mobile communication, ultra-wideband channel bandwidth can be used as the frequency band increases. Here, in a 6G mobile communication environment where various terminals, such as legacy terminals and the latest terminals, coexist, the ultra-wideband channel bandwidth can be divided into multiple Component Carriers (CCs) with relatively small units, considering the terminal's capability and backward capability, and said CCs can be used for carrier aggregation. Additionally, carrier aggregation can be used when only partial frequency resources are used in situations where it is difficult for a single terminal to use the entire wideband. means of solving the problem

[0006] This specification proposes an ultra-wideband frequency aggregation transmission method and apparatus. Effects of the invention

[0007] According to the present specification, when a cell utilizes multiple frequency bands such as mmWave and Sub-THz, ultra-wideband frequency resources, and multiple Transmission and Reception Points (TRPs), the throughput and energy efficiency of each terminal and the system can be improved by continuously updating and applying an optimal CC combination that reflects the situation where the channel state continuously changes in time and space within a cell for each terminal according to the terminal's current channel conditions and Serving TRPs. Additionally, when the system applies CA to the terminal, it can improve system performance by providing an optimal link to each terminal and significantly reducing interference signals within the cell by allocating an optimal CC set and corresponding frequency resources by reflecting channel information received from the terminal and information for setting the optimal CC set. Furthermore, when the system applies CA with ultra-wideband capabilities, since terminals with various capabilities exist in the cell, a method of communicating while updating the optimal CC set according to the terminal's capability in this manner can be quite effective. In addition, by analyzing information on the optimal CC set at a single location within the cell using an AI system, and by pre-setting the optimal CC set based on the terminal's capability and location and utilizing it, cell throughput and the terminal's energy efficiency can be significantly improved.

[0008] The effects obtainable through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0009] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane. Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the wireless protocol structure for the control plane. FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present invention can be applied. Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC. Figure 6 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in 5G NR. Figure 7 shows the resource structure of the frequency and time domains of 5G NR. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of carrier waves in the below-6GHz band, mmWave band, and Sub-THz band being aggregated. FIG. 9 is a flowchart for an example of an optimal CC set setting method for ultra-wideband CA according to a partial implementation of the present specification. FIG. 10 is a flowchart for an example of a method for performing CA-based operations that reflects an optimal CC set by a terminal in an ACTIVE state according to a partial implementation of the present specification. FIG. 11 illustrates a communication system (1) to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 12 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention. FIG. 13 illustrates a process for generating a transmission signal from a transmitter. FIG. 14 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0010] In this specification, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Alternatively, in this specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in this specification, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0011] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean “and / or.” For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B.” Accordingly, “A / B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B or C.”

[0012] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as synonymous with “at least one of A and B.”

[0013] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0014] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “Control Information (PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” In other words, “Control Information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “Control Information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.”

[0015] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0016] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Referring to FIG. 1, the wireless communication system (100) may be composed of a plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6).

[0018] Each of the multiple communication nodes may support at least one communication protocol. For example, each of the multiple communication nodes may support a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) based communication protocol, a WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) based communication protocol, a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) based communication protocol, a FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) based communication protocol, an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) based communication protocol, an OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) based communication protocol, a SC (Single Carrier)-FDMA based communication protocol, a NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) based communication protocol, a SDMA (space division multiple access) based communication protocol, etc.

[0019] The wireless communication system (100) may include a plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and a plurality of user equipments (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6).

[0020] Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can form a macro cell. Each of the fourth base station (120-1) and the fifth base station (120-2) can form a small cell. The fourth base station (120-1), the third terminal (130-3), and the fourth terminal (130-4) may be located within the coverage of the first base station (110-1). The second terminal (130-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), and the fifth terminal (130-5) may be located within the coverage of the second base station (110-2). The fifth base station (120-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), the fifth terminal (130-5), and the sixth terminal (130-6) may be within the coverage of the third base station (110-3). The first terminal (130-1) may be within the coverage of the fourth base station (120-1). The sixth terminal (130-6) may be within the coverage of the fifth base station (120-2).

[0021] Here, each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be referred to as Node B, evolved Node B, next generation Node B (gNB), next generation 6G base station, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, access point, access node, roadside unit (RSU), Digital Unit (DU), Cloud Digital Unit (CDU), Radio Remote Head (RRH), Radio Unit (RU), Transmission Point (TP), transmission and reception point (TRP), relay node, etc. Each of the multiple terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) may be referred to as a terminal, access terminal, mobile terminal, station, subscriber station, mobile station, portable subscriber station, node, device, etc.

[0022] Each of the multiple communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) can support cellular communication (e.g., LTE (long term evolution), LTE-A (advanced), NR (New Radio), 6G Radio Access Technology, etc. as defined in 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) standards). Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can operate in different frequency bands or in the same frequency band. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can be connected to each other via an ideal backhaul or a non-ideal backhaul, and can exchange information with each other via the ideal backhaul or the non-ideal backhaul. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can be connected to a core network (not shown) via an ideal backhaul or a non-ideal backhaul. Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can transmit a signal received from the core network to the corresponding terminal (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6), and can transmit a signal received from the corresponding terminal (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) to the core network.

[0023] Each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can support downlink transmission based on OFDM or other transmission methods. Additionally, each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can support uplink transmission based on OFDM, DFT-Spread-OFDM, or other transmission methods. In addition, each of the multiple base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can support MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission (e.g., SU (Single User)-MIMO, MU (Multi User)-MIMO, massive MIMO, LoS MIMO, etc.), CoMP (Coordinated Multipoint) transmission, carrier aggregation transmission, transmission in an unlicensed band, device-to-device (D2D) communication (or, ProSe (proximity services)), sidelink, etc. Here, each of the plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) can perform an operation corresponding to the base station (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and / or an operation supported by the base station (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2).

[0024] In the following, even when a method performed at a first communication node among the communication nodes (e.g., transmission or reception of a signal) is described, the corresponding second communication node may perform a method corresponding to the method performed at the first communication node (e.g., reception or transmission of a signal). That is, when the operation of a terminal is described, the corresponding base station may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the terminal. Conversely, when the operation of a base station is described, the corresponding terminal may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the base station.

[0025] In addition, as described below, the downlink (DL) refers to communication from a base station to a terminal, and the uplink (UL) refers to communication from a terminal to a base station. In the downlink, the transmitter may be part of the base station, and the receiver may be part of the terminal. In the uplink, the transmitter may be part of the terminal, and the receiver may be part of the base station.

[0026] In the following specification, for convenience of explanation, the next-generation wireless access technology may be referred to as New RAT (Radio Access Technology) or by other names. For example, a wireless communication system to which New RAT is applied may be referred to as an NR (New Radio) system. In this specification, frequency, frame, subframe, resource, resource block, region, band, subband, control channel, data channel, synchronization signal, various reference signals, various signals, or various messages related to next-generation wireless access technology may be interpreted in the sense used in the past or present, or in various senses used in the future.

[0027] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that consider services / terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed, and for convenience in this invention, such technology is referred to as 5G wireless communication or 5G mobile communication.

[0028] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for transmitting user data, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.

[0030] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the physical layer (PHY layer) provides information transfer services to upper layers using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, through a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface.

[0031] Data travels between different physical layers, specifically between the physical layers of the transmitter and the receiver, through a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method and utilizes time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0032] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, and multiplexing / demultiplexing MAC SDUs (service data units) belonging to logical channels into transport blocks provided to physical channels over the transport channel. The MAC layer provides services to the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer through logical channels.

[0033] The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs. To ensure the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by Radio Bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Requests (ARQ).

[0034] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of wireless bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) for data transmission between a terminal and a network.

[0035] The function of the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer in the user plane includes mapping the QoS flow between the core network and the terminal to the Radio Bearer (RB) in the wireless segment. The function of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer includes the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The function of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer in the control plane includes the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0036] The establishment of an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting their respective specific parameters and operating methods. RBs can be further divided into two types: SRBs (Signaling RBs) and DRBs (Data RBs). SRBs are used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0037] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the base station's RRC layer, the terminal is in an RRC connected state; otherwise, it is in an RRC idle state.

[0038] Downlink transmission channels for transmitting data from the network to the terminal include the BCH (Broadcast Channel), which transmits Master Information Blocks (MIBs) among system information, System Information Blocks (SIBs), which transmit system information other than MIBs, and the downlink SCH (Shared Channel), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or they may be transmitted through a separate downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels for transmitting data from the terminal to the network include the RACH (Random Access Channel), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink SCH (Shared Channel), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0039] Logical channels that are above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0040] In the case of 5G NR, the physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A single subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit and consists of multiple subcarriers. Additionally, each subframe may utilize specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) within that subframe for the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), i.e., the L1 / L2 control channel. In 5G NR, a slot is used as the unit of time for transmission.

[0041] In the case of a 5G NR system, an SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer may exist above the PDCP layer. The SDAP layer is a layer added to the user plane in a 5G system, included on both the UE and gNB sides, and is a layer that manages the quality of service and maps QoS flows (Quality of Service Flow) to the Radio Bearer.

[0042] FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to which the technical features of the present invention can be applied.

[0043] Specifically, FIG. 4 illustrates a system architecture based on a 5G NR (new radio) system. An entity used in the 5G NR system (hereinafter simply referred to as "NR") can absorb some or all functions of an entity of the LTE system (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW). An entity used in the NR system may be identified by the name "NG" to distinguish it from LTE.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 4, the wireless communication system includes one or more UEs (11), a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), and a fifth-generation core network (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. The NG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the BS (20) shown in FIG. 1. The NG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB (21) and / or at least one ng-eNB (22). The gNB (21) provides terminations for NR user plane and control plane protocols toward the UE (11). The ng-eNB (22) provides terminations for E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocols toward the UE (11).

[0045] 5GC includes the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), User Plane Function (UPF), and Session Management Function (SMF). The AMF hosts functions such as NAS security and idle state mobility processing. The AMF is an entity that includes the functions of a conventional MME. The UPF hosts functions such as mobility anchoring and Protocol Data Unit (PDU) processing. The UPF is an entity that includes the functions of a conventional S-GW. The SMF hosts functions such as UE IP address allocation and PDU session control.

[0046] The gNB and ng-eNB are interconnected via the Xn interface. The gNB and ng-eNB are also connected to the 5GC via the NG interface. More specifically, they are connected to the AMF via the NG-C interface and to the UPF via the NG-U interface.

[0047] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 5, the gNB can provide functions such as Inter Cell RRM, RB control, Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration & Provision, and Dynamic Resource Allocation. The AMF can provide functions such as NAS security and idle state mobility processing. The UPF can provide functions such as Mobility Anchoring and PDU processing. The SMF (Session Management Function) can provide functions such as terminal IP address allocation and PDU session control.

[0049] Figure 6 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in 5G NR.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 6, the frame may consist of 10 ms (milliseconds) and may include 10 subframes consisting of 1 ms.

[0051] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions can be composed of frames. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can be defined as five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and DFT-s-OFDM symbols.

[0052] One or more slots may be included within the subframe depending on the subcarrier spacing.

[0053] The following Table 1 shows examples of subcarrier spacing configurations μ.

[0054]

[0055] Table 2 below shows the number of slots (N) within a frame according to the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. frameμ slot ), number of slots in the subframe (N subframeμ slot ), number of symbols in the slot (N slot symb Examples include ) etc.

[0056]

[0057] Table 3 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe (SF) according to the SCS when an extended CP is used.

[0058]

[0059] NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports frequency bands higher than 24.25 GHz.

[0060] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change; for example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 4 below. Table 4 corresponds to the initial specifications of 3GPP 5G NR and was later changed as shown in Table 5. For the sake of convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may refer to the “sub 6GHz range” and FR2 may refer to the “above 6GHz range” and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0061] Frequency Range Designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 450MHz - 6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0062] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 5 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0063] Frequency Range Designation Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing FR1 410MHz - 7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0064] In an NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0065] Figure 7 shows the resource structure of the frequency and time domains of 5G NR.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 7, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 6 symbols.

[0067] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through the active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in a resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0068] A PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) can be composed of one or more CCEs (control channel elements) as shown in the following table.

[0069] Aggregation level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

[0070] That is, the PDCCH can be transmitted through a resource consisting of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, the CCE consists of 6 REGs (resource element groups), and one REG consists of one resource block in the frequency domain and one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol in the time domain.

[0071] Meanwhile, in NR, a new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) can be introduced. A terminal can receive PDCCH from the CORESET.

[0072] The Carrier Aggregation (CA) system is described below.

[0073] A carrier aggregation system refers to the aggregation of multiple component carriers (CC). Due to this carrier aggregation, the meaning of the existing cell has changed. According to carrier aggregation, a cell can refer to a combination of a downlink component carrier and an uplink component carrier, or a single downlink component carrier.

[0074] Furthermore, in Carrier Aggregation, cells can be classified into primary cells, secondary cells, and serving cells. A primary cell refers to a cell operating on the primary frequency; it is the cell where the UE performs the initial connection establishment procedure or the connection re-establishment procedure with the base station, or the cell designated as the primary cell during the handover process. A secondary cell refers to a cell operating on the secondary frequency; once the RRC connection is established, it is configured and used to provide additional radio resources.

[0075] As described above, unlike a single carrier system, a carrier aggregation system can support multiple element carriers (CC), that is, multiple serving cells.

[0076] Such a carrier aggregation system can support cross-carrier scheduling. Cross-carrier scheduling is a scheduling method capable of allocating resources for PDSCHs transmitted via other element carriers through PDCCHs transmitted via a specific element carrier, and / or allocating resources for PUSCHs transmitted via element carriers other than those fundamentally linked to said specific element carrier.

[0077] The following describes a next-generation communication system following 5G or 5G-Advanced. For convenience, the above-mentioned next-generation communication system will be referred to as a 6G system.

[0078] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The usage scenarios for the 6G system can be categorized into six aspects: Immersive Communication, Hyper Reliable & Low-Latency Communication, Massive Communication, Ubiquitous Connectivity, Integrated AI and Communication, and Integrated Sensing and Communication. Although the requirements or Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the 6G system have not yet been determined, they are expected to meet the requirements shown in Table 7 below. In other words, Table 7 represents an example of the requirements for the 6G system.

[0079] peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully Haptic Communication Fully

[0080] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0081] Artificial Intelligence (AI) is explained below.

[0082] The most critical and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support AI partially or to a very limited extent. However, 6G systems will be supported by AI for complete automation. Advancements in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0083] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0084] Recently, attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems have emerged, but these have primarily focused on the application layer and network layer, particularly deep learning in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, such research is increasingly advancing toward the MAC layer and physical layer, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers rather than traditional communication frameworks in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0085] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0086] However, the application of DNNs for transmission at the physical layer may have the following problems.

[0087] Deep learning-based AI algorithms require a vast amount of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to limitations in acquiring training data from specific channel environments, a large amount of offline training data is used. Consequently, static training on training data in specific channel environments can lead to contradictions between the dynamic characteristics and diversity of wireless channels.

[0088] Furthermore, current deep learning primarily targets real signals. However, signals at the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. Further research is needed on neural networks that detect complex domain signals to match the characteristics of wireless communication signals.

[0089] Below, we will take a closer look at machine learning.

[0090] Machine learning refers to a series of operations for training machines to create machines capable of performing tasks that humans can or find difficult to do. Machine learning requires data and learning models. Data learning methods in machine learning can be broadly classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0091] The purpose of neural network training is to minimize output errors. It is a process that repeatedly inputs training data into a neural network, calculates the error between the network's output and the target for the training data, and updates the weights of each node by backpropagating the error from the output layer to the input layer in a direction that reduces the error.

[0092] Supervised learning uses training data with correct answers labeled, whereas unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning regarding data classification, the training data may consist of data where each training data point is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input into a neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the network's output (category) with the labels of the training data. The calculated error is backpropagated within the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and through backpropagation, the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated. The amount of change in the connection weights of each node being updated can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculations on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, efficiency can be increased by using a high learning rate in the early stages of neural network training to enable the network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and accuracy can be increased by using a low learning rate in the later stages of training.

[0093] The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from the transmitting end at the receiving end in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0094] Learning models correspond to the human brain, and while the most basic linear models can be considered, a machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0095] The neural network cores used for learning methods are broadly classified into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN).

[0096] An artificial neural network is an example of connecting multiple perceptrons.

[0097] THz (Tera-Hertz) communication is described below.

[0098] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding channel bandwidth. Since high-frequency bands must be used to easily secure wide channel bandwidth, communication methods utilizing the sub-THz band—frequency range higher than 100 GHz—and the even higher THz band are also being considered. Communication methods using high frequency bands allow for smaller antenna sizes and spacing between antennas, enabling the application of advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. While frequency bands up to 100 GHz were considered for 5G mobile communication, the Sub-THz and THz bands are predicted to be used in 6G mobile communication.

[0099] 6G mobile communication utilizes Sub-THz and THz bands in addition to the existing mmWave band. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band makes it easier to increase channel bandwidth because it utilizes significantly more frequency resources, resulting in increased data transmission speeds and cell throughput. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz range lies in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0100] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) significantly wide channel bandwidths available for extensive use to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). Because the wavelength is small, antenna sizes are small and the spacing between antennas is very small, allowing a significant number of antennas to be deployed in a small area. The narrow beam generated by applying beamforming to such a large number of antennas can reduce interference. In other words, the small wavelength of THz signals enables a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This allows for the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0101] THz wireless communication utilizes THz waves with a frequency of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz (1 THz = 1000 GHz) for wireless communication, and can refer to terahertz (THz) band wireless communication using very high carrier frequencies of 100 GHz or higher. THz waves are located between the RF (Radio Frequency) / millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) they penetrate non-metallic / non-polar materials well compared to visible light / infrared light, and because their wavelengths are shorter than RF / millimeter waves, they have high directivity and can be beam focused. In addition, since the photon energy of THz waves is only a few meV, they have the characteristic of being harmless to the human body. The frequency bands expected to be used for THz wireless communication may be the D-band (110 GHz–170 GHz) or H-band (220 GHz–325 GHz) bands, which have low propagation loss due to molecular absorption in the air. Standardization discussions regarding THz wireless communication are being conducted primarily by the IEEE 802.15 THz working group in addition to 3GPP, and standard documents published by the IEEE 802.15 Task Group (TG3d, TG3e) may elaborate on or supplement the contents described in this specification. THz wireless communication can be applied to wireless cognition, sensing, imaging, wireless communication, THz navigation, etc.

[0102] THz wireless communication scenarios can be classified into macro networks, micro networks, and nanoscale networks. In macro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication and backhaul / fronthaul connections. In micro networks, THz wireless communication can be applied to fixed point-to-point or multi-point connections, such as indoor small cells and wireless connections in data centers, as well as near-field communication, such as kiosk downloading.

[0103] The proposed methods of this specification are described below.

[0104] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of carrier waves in the below-6GHz band, mmWave band, and Sub-THz band being aggregated.

[0105] When using ultra-widebands such as mmWave or Sub-THz bands, using Carrier Aggregation (CA) can be much easier to implement in base stations and terminals than using a single channel bandwidth for the frequency band. In particular, using the CA method can be effective when the intended frequency bandwidth is very wide and the performance of RF components is insufficient to support such a wide frequency band, or when terminals and systems using various RF bands coexist.

[0106] In this case, the terminal specifications may need to be very high to support a large number of CCs (Component Carriers) simultaneously at a single moment. Even if the terminal specifications are high enough to support a large number of CCs, actually using a large number of CCs for transmission and reception may be a special case requiring a high data transmission speed. Therefore, in general cases where only some of the CCs are used, it may be necessary to communicate using the optimal CCs.

[0107] Furthermore, since the channel environment varies significantly depending on the terminal's location within the cell, the optimal frequency band for the terminal within a wide ultra-wideband can vary significantly over time and space. In particular, when cell coverage is configured using multiple Transmission and Reception Points (TRPs) in the ultra-high frequency band, channel conditions can change significantly depending on location and time.

[0108] Therefore, even if the system supports CA using multiple CCs across various frequency bands, including ultra-wideband, the optimal CC and / or the best combination of CCs (or CC set) among them may vary for each terminal depending on time, space, and the service being used. Furthermore, the optimal CC combination may vary depending on the terminal's capabilities, such as the output power of a single terminal and the number of CCs that can be supported simultaneously.

[0109] When multiple bands such as mmWave and Sub-THz and multiple TRPs are used in a single cell, the optimal CC combination changes continuously in time and space depending on the terminal's current channel conditions and Serving TRP, so the optimal CC combination needs to be continuously updated and reflected in efficient transmission.

[0110] Accordingly, when multiple bands such as mmWave and Sub-THz and multiple TRPs are used in a single cell, a method may be considered to continuously update and apply an optimal CC combination that reflects the situation of continuous changes in time and space for each terminal based on the terminal's current channel conditions and Serving TRP. According to the above method, the throughput and energy efficiency of each terminal and the system can be improved. In addition, when applying CA to the terminal, the system determines an optimal CC set by reflecting channel information regarding multiple CCs or information regarding optimal CCs received from the terminal, as well as interference within the cell and frequency resource usage conditions, and allocates frequency resources based on this, thereby providing an optimal link with each terminal and significantly reducing interference signals within the cell.

[0111] For example, a system (base station or network) may transmit information regarding the configuration of ultra-wideband CA using mmWave or Sub-THz bands to terminals within a cell in advance via system information or RRC configuration information. Additionally, information regarding the configuration of the ultra-wideband CA may be transmitted to terminals via MAC messages (e.g., MAC PDU or MAC CE) or DCI (Downlink Control Information). Here, information regarding the configuration of the ultra-wideband CA may be transmitted in the form of common signaling for the entire cell or a specific group of terminals, or in the form of dedicated signaling for a specific terminal. After receiving the ultra-wideband CA configuration information in advance via system information, RRC configuration information, MAC messages, or DCI, the terminal may transmit information regarding the best CC combination in the current situation for the CC corresponding to the CA configuration to the system, depending on the terminal's capability.

[0112] To this end, channel state measurements for the CC may be performed. Here, the method may be performed in Periodic, Semi-static, or Aperiodic forms, and may vary depending on the system settings. Here, the Periodic method may be a method in which the channel state measurements are continuously performed at specific intervals. Additionally, the Semi-static method may be a method in which periodic channel measurements are activated / deactivated according to a specific channel state (e.g., a situation where the channel state deteriorates below a predetermined value) or system settings. Furthermore, the Aperiodic method may be a method in which the terminal performs measurements only in situations or cases indicated by the system.

[0113] The system can utilize information about the CC transmitted by the terminal to periodically update the terminal's Primary CC (PCC) or under specific conditions, and continuously update the Secondary CCs (SCCs). Here, the Primary CC can be updated even when in an IDLE state. That is, unlike existing 3GPP standards (LTE series or 5G), when CA is applied, the Primary CC and Secondary CC can be updated among a large number of CCs depending on the terminal's channel state.

[0114] In addition, control information for PCCs and SCCs applied when performing CA using an optimal CC set by reflecting feedback from the terminal can be updated through RRC signaling, MAC CE (Medium Access Control Control Element), etc.

[0115] Additionally, among the optimal CC sets, the CC used for actual transmission may be all CCs of the optimal CC set or a part of the optimal CC set. Accordingly, information regarding the CC used for actual transmission can be transmitted to the terminal via control information (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, DCI (Downlink Control Information), etc.).

[0116] Various methods can be considered for the terminal to report the results of measuring a large number of CCs for ultra-wideband CA to the system. For example, detailed values ​​regarding the channel quality of each CC may be fed back. Alternatively, only the channel quality ranking for all CCs may be fed back. Furthermore, the terminal may select a number of CCs that it can support based on its capability and feed back the index and detailed channel quality values ​​for those CCs to the system. Alternatively, the terminal may select a number of CCs that it can support based on its capability and feed back only the index and ranking (e.g., channel quality ranking) of those CCs to the system. In this case, the system receives the report on the terminal's measurement results and can update the optimal CC set for the terminal based on the measurement results.

[0117] Meanwhile, CA can be applied to the Sub-6GHz, mmWave, and Sub-THz bands. Therefore, the combination of CC applied to CA may vary depending on whether the terminal supports multi-band.

[0118] When CA is applied and a communication device transmits using multiple CCs, information regarding the CCs used can be included in the resource allocation information transmitted via the DCI. Furthermore, when multi-band CA is used, resource allocation information from other bands or other CCs can also be transmitted through CCs using different frequencies (possibly the same or different bands) responsible for transmitting control signal information. This can be viewed as an extended concept of Cross-Carrier Scheduling. Here, since each corresponding CC also has a channel such as the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) capable of transmitting the DCI, resource allocation information can also be transmitted through each CC.

[0119] If the location of the TRP or the antenna pattern is fixed, the channel state for each CC at a single location within the cell can remain nearly the same over time. Therefore, accumulated information on the optimal CC or the channel state of the CC collected from the terminal is analyzed by an AI system, and the system can pre-set and utilize an optimal set of CCs based on the terminal's capability and location.

[0120] If analog beamforming is applied to the TRP and beam sweeping is used, the optimal CC set may vary depending not only on the terminal's location but also on time. Therefore, information for determining the optimal CC set can be collected by the terminal and transmitted to the system. Furthermore, even when beam sweeping is applied to the TRPs, the channel state of the CCs used in CA is highly likely to repeat with a constant period at a specific location. Accordingly, the system may collect a large amount of information from each terminal, analyze it using an AI system, pre-set the optimal CC set based on the terminal's capability and location, and utilize it.

[0121] FIG. 9 is a flowchart for an example of an optimal CC set setting method for ultra-wideband CA according to a partial implementation of the present specification. Here, the system of FIG. 9 may be a base station.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 9, the system can generate ultra-wideband CA-related information (S910). The system can transmit the ultra-wideband CA-related information to a terminal (S920). Here, the ultra-wideband CA-related information may be transmitted by being included in system information or RRC configuration information.

[0123] The terminal can measure the ultra-wideband CA-related channel (S930). The terminal can feed back the channel measurement result to the system (S940).

[0124] The system can update the ultra-wideband CA-related information (S950). The system can transmit the updated ultra-wideband CA-related information to the terminal (S960). Here, the updated ultra-wideband CA-related information may be transmitted via RRC configuration information, MAC CE, or DCI. The terminal can perform CA-based operations based on the updated ultra-wideband CA-related information (S970).

[0125] FIG. 10 is a flowchart for an example of a method for performing CA-based operations reflecting an optimal CC set by a terminal in an ACTIVE state according to a partial implementation of the present specification. Here, the system of FIG. 10 may be a base station.

[0126] Referring to FIG. 10, the system can allocate resources related to ultra-wideband CA (S1010). The system can transmit resource allocation information to the terminal (S1020). Here, the resource allocation information can indicate to the terminal the resources allocated for the ultra-wideband CA performed in step S1010.

[0127] The terminal receives the resource allocation information based on the CA operation and can measure the ultra-wideband CA-related channel (S1030). The terminal can feed back the channel measurement results to the system (S1040). The system can update the ultra-wideband CA-related information (S1050). Afterwards, the system can perform step S1010 again.

[0128] Below, an example of a communication system to which the present invention is applied is described.

[0129] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the invention described in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0130] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0131] FIG. 11 illustrates a communication system (1) to which the present invention is applied.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 11, the communication system (1) to which the present invention applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0133] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0134] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0135] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present invention, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0136] FIG. 12 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0137] Referring to FIG. 12, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 11.

[0138] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or sequences of operation invented in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams invented in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0139] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences invented in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams invented in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0140] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation invented in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation invented in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods invented in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences invented in this document.

[0141] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the inventions described in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences invented in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences invented in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0142] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0143] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the description, function, procedure, proposal, method and / or operation flowcharts, etc. of this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart of the invention in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0144] FIG. 13 illustrates a process for generating a transmission signal from a transmitter.

[0145] Referring to FIG. 13, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 13 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 12. The hardware elements of FIG. 13 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 12. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 12. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 12, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 12.

[0146] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 13. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0147] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0148] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDM symbols, DFT-s-OFDM symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0149] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 13. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 12) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0150] FIG. 14 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present invention applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 14, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 12 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 12. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 12. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0152] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 11, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 11, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 11, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 11, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 11, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 11, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 11, 400), a base station (Fig. 11, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0153] In FIG. 14, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0154] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

Claim 1 A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system, wherein the terminal receives first configuration information related to Carrier Aggregation (CA) from a base station, wherein the Carrier Aggregation is a Carrier Aggregation in which at least one Component Carrier (CC) is used, and the first configuration information indicates a first set of Component Carriers that the terminal can use for the Carrier Aggregation; performs a channel measurement related to the Carrier Aggregation based on the first configuration information; transmits report information related to the channel measurement to the base station; and receives second configuration information related to the Carrier Aggregation from the base station, wherein the second configuration information indicates a second set of Component Carriers that the terminal can use for the Carrier Aggregation. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second set is determined based on the reported information. Claim 4 A method according to claim 1, wherein the first setting information and the second setting information are determined based on at least one of cell interference related to the base station and the usage of frequency resources related to the cell. Claim 5 A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first setting information is transmitted based on RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling. Claim 6 A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second setting information is transmitted based on at least one of RRC, MAC CE (Medium Access Control Element), or DCI (Downlink Control Information). Claim 7 A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the report information is periodically transmitted by the terminal. Claim 8 A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the report information is transmitted semi-persistently by the terminal. Claim 9 A method according to claim 1, wherein the terminal sets the ultra-wideband carrier aggregation using at least some of the plurality of element carriers included in the second setting information. Claim 10 A terminal comprises: one or more memories for storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connecting the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to receive first configuration information related to Carrier Aggregation (CA) from a base station, wherein the Carrier Aggregation is a Carrier Aggregation in which at least one Component Carrier (CC) is used, and the first configuration information indicates a first set of Component Carriers that the terminal can use for the Carrier Aggregation; perform channel measurements related to the Carrier Aggregation based on the first configuration information; transmit report information related to the channel measurements to the base station; and receive second configuration information related to the Carrier Aggregation from the base station, wherein the second configuration information indicates a second set of Component Carriers that the terminal can use for the Carrier Aggregation. Claim 11 A terminal characterized in that, in paragraph 10, the first setting information indicates a first set of element carriers that the terminal can use for the ultra-wideband carrier aggregation. Claim 12 A terminal characterized in that, in paragraph 10, the second setting information indicates a second set of element carriers that the terminal can use for the ultra-wideband carrier aggregation, and the second set is determined based on the report information. Claim 13 A terminal according to claim 10, characterized in that the first setting information and the second setting information are determined based on at least one of cell interference related to the base station and the usage of frequency resources related to the cell. Claim 14 A terminal characterized in that, in claim 10, the first setting information is transmitted based on RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, and the second setting information is transmitted based on at least one of RRC, MAC CE, or DCI (Downlink Control Information). Claim 15 A terminal characterized in that, in paragraph 10, the above-mentioned report information is periodically transmitted by the terminal. Claim 16 A terminal characterized in that, in paragraph 10, the above-mentioned report information is transmitted semi-persistently by the terminal. Claim 17 In claim 10, the terminal is characterized by establishing the ultra-wideband carrier aggregation using at least some of the plurality of element carriers included in the second setting information. Claim 18 A method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, wherein the base station transmits first configuration information related to Carrier Aggregation (CA) to a terminal, wherein the Carrier Aggregation is a Carrier Aggregation in which at least one Component Carrier (CC) is used; receives report information related to channel measurement from the terminal, wherein the report information includes channel measurement information related to the Carrier Aggregation based on the first configuration information; and transmits second configuration information related to the Carrier Aggregation to the terminal, wherein the base station determines the second configuration information based on modifying the first configuration information based on the channel measurement information, wherein the first configuration information indicates a first set of component carriers that the terminal can use for the Carrier Aggregation, and the second configuration information indicates a second set of component carriers that the terminal can use for the Carrier Aggregation. Claim 19 A method according to claim 18, wherein the first setting information is transmitted based on RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, and the second setting information is transmitted based on at least one of RRC, MAC CE, or DCI (Downlink Control Information). Claim 20 In claim 18, the second setting information indicates a set of element carriers that the terminal can use for the ultra-wideband carrier aggregation, and the set of element carriers is characterized by including element carriers among the element carriers allocated to the base station that have a relatively high channel quality for the terminal.

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