Apparatus and method for controlling energy storage system

Abstract

The ESS control device of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a sensor module for measuring state data of at least one of a battery and a power converter; and a processor for estimating a power pattern related to the charging and discharging operation of at least one of the battery and the power converter according to the amount of power generated by the power system based on the state data, calculating a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern, and controlling the power converter based on the risk assessment score.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ESS control device and method, and more specifically, to a device and method for controlling an energy storage system based on power generation and safety prediction. Background Technology

[0002] An Energy Storage System (ESS) is a system that stores and manages energy to enable efficient use. These systems are primarily utilized in power plants, transmission and distribution facilities, homes, factories, and businesses. They store generated electricity through the power grid and supply the pre-stored electricity when it is required, thereby increasing energy efficiency.

[0003] In particular, energy storage systems can store electricity generated through renewable energy sources such as solar power or wind power, in addition to electricity generated through conventional thermal or nuclear power generation, which helps to suppress peak electricity usage depending on the season or time of day, facilitates the response to power supply crises, and helps improve power quality.

[0004] Generally, energy storage systems collectively refer to batteries, power conversion systems (PCS), battery management systems (BMS), and energy management systems.

[0005] Here, the battery consists of multiple cells that store power. Additionally, the power conversion system can control the charging or discharging of the battery by controlling the current flowing into or out of the battery. Furthermore, the battery management system can monitor the battery status to maintain balance between cells or request the power conversion system to cut off the current to the battery in the event of a battery malfunction. Additionally, the energy management system can control the power conversion system by scheduling the battery's charging and discharging patterns according to power usage by time of day, or limit or cut off the current in the event of a malfunction in the power conversion system. Prior art literature

[0006] (Patent Document 0001) US 11171485 B1 (Patent Document 0002) US 12027859 B2 (Patent Document 0003) KR 10-2877054 B1

[0007] Zhao, H., Wu, Q., Hu, S., et al.: 'Review of energy storage system for wind power integration support', Appl. Energy, 2015, 137, pp. 545-553Salee, S., Wirasanti, P.: 'Optimal sitting and sizing of battery energy storage systems for grid-supporting in electrical distribution network'. 2018 Int. ECTI Northern Section Conf. on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI-NCON), Malang, Indonesia, 10-12 Nov. 2018, pp. 100-105 The problem to be solved

[0008] The present invention was devised to improve upon the aforementioned problems, and an objective according to one aspect of the present invention is to provide an ESS control device and method capable of detecting abnormalities in a battery or PCS at an early stage.

[0009] In addition, an objective according to one aspect of the present invention is to provide an ESS control device and method that can enable stable and independent autonomous control of an energy storage system even when communication with an external EMS is disconnected, and can expect effects such as improved charging and discharging efficiency, extended battery life, and fire prevention.

[0010] In addition, an object according to one aspect of the present invention is to provide an ESS control device and method capable of ensuring safer operation for the battery and PCS.

[0011] The problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to the problem(s) mentioned above, and other unmentioned problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0012] An ESS control device according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a sensor module for measuring state data of at least one of a battery and a power converter; and a processor for estimating a power pattern related to a charge / discharge operation of at least one of the battery and the power converter according to the amount of power generated by the power grid based on the state data, calculating a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern, and controlling the power converter based on the risk assessment score.

[0013] In the present invention, the processor is characterized by analyzing the measurement value and trend change appearing at predetermined unit time intervals for at least one of the plurality of elements included in the state data, and estimating the power pattern based on the analysis result.

[0014] In the present invention, the processor compares a predetermined allowable range corresponding to the state data of at least one of the battery and the power converter with the estimated power pattern, and generates a control command for the power converter based on the result of the comparison.

[0015] In the present invention, the processor is characterized by calculating the risk assessment score by performing a weighted sum of the measured values ​​at each unit time for at least one element of the state data and applying an environmental condition weight corresponding to the power pattern at the unit time to the result of the weighted sum.

[0016] In the present invention, the environmental condition weight is characterized by being determined by considering at least one of the number of elements that deviate from a predetermined allowable range among a plurality of elements included in the state data, communication errors, and the trend change regarding at least one element included in the state data.

[0017] In the present invention, the processor compares a predetermined reference threshold with the risk assessment score, determines whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery and the power converter based on the result of the comparison, and controls the charging current or discharging current of the power converter or cuts off the power based on the result of the determination.

[0018] In the present invention, the processor is characterized by calculating the risk assessment score for the state data measured according to the unit time during a predetermined test operation period, and specifying the reference threshold based on the numerical range of the calculated risk assessment score.

[0019] In the present invention, the processor is characterized by adjusting the value of the reference threshold when a predetermined risk event is detected, and determining whether there is a risk for at least one of the battery and the power converter based on the reference threshold with the adjusted value.

[0020] In the present invention, the risk event is characterized by including at least one of whether there is a match between control commands received from two or more of the power converter, battery management device and energy management device, a communication error, whether there is battery aging or thermal shock detected based on the sensor module, and the external environment temperature.

[0021] In the present invention, the state data is characterized by including at least one of the following: cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state and health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external change, and voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and fault status for the power converter.

[0022] An ESS control method according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a step in which a sensor module measures state data of at least one of a battery and a power converter; a step in which a processor estimates a power pattern related to a charge / discharge operation of at least one of the battery and the power converter according to the amount of power generated by a power grid based on the state data; a step in which the processor calculates a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern; and a step in which the processor controls the power converter based on the risk assessment score.

[0023] The step of estimating the power pattern in the present invention comprises: a step of analyzing the measured value and trend change appearing at predetermined unit time intervals for at least one of the plurality of elements included in the state data; and a step of estimating the power pattern based on the analysis result.

[0024] The present invention is characterized by further comprising: a step in which the processor compares the estimated power pattern with a predetermined allowable range corresponding to the state data of at least one of the battery and the power converter; and a step in which the processor generates a control command for the power converter based on the result of the comparison.

[0025] The step of calculating the risk assessment score in the present invention comprises: a step of weighting the measured values ​​at each unit time for at least one element of the state data; and a step of calculating the risk assessment score by applying an environmental condition weight corresponding to the power pattern at the unit time to the result of the weighted sum.

[0026] In the present invention, the environmental condition weight is characterized by being determined by considering at least one of the number of elements that deviate from a predetermined allowable range among a plurality of elements included in the state data, communication errors, and the trend change regarding at least one element included in the state data.

[0027] In the present invention, the step of controlling the power converter comprises: a step of comparing a predetermined reference threshold with the risk assessment score; a step of determining whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery and the power converter based on the result of the comparison; and a step of controlling to limit the charging current or discharging current of the power converter or to cut off the power supply based on the result of the determination.

[0028] The present invention is characterized by further comprising: a step in which the processor calculates the risk assessment score for the state data measured according to the unit time during a predetermined test operation period; and a step in which the processor specifies the reference threshold based on the numerical range of the calculated risk assessment score.

[0029] In the present invention, the step of controlling the power converter further comprises: a step of adjusting the value of the reference threshold when the processor detects a predetermined risk event; and a step of determining whether there is a risk for at least one of the battery and the power converter based on the reference threshold with the adjusted value.

[0030] In the present invention, the risk event is characterized by including at least one of whether there is a match between control commands received from two or more of the power converter, battery management device and energy management device, a communication error, whether there is battery aging or thermal shock detected based on the sensor module, and the external environment temperature.

[0031] In the present invention, the state data is characterized by including at least one of the following: cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state and health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external change, and voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and fault status for the power converter. Effects of the invention

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by automatically adjusting the charging and discharging schedule of the PCS by considering the control pattern of the battery or PCS based on the generator, load, battery status, etc., there is an effect of detecting abnormalities in the battery or PCS at an early stage.

[0033] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, by integrating and performing charge / discharge control of the battery and control based on whether a dangerous condition is diagnosed within a single device, stable and independent autonomous control can be achieved even when communication with an external EMS is disconnected, and effects such as improved charge / discharge efficiency, extended battery life, and fire prevention can be expected.

[0034] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when events such as the state of the battery or PCS, communication errors with an external EMS, and sensor errors occur, a threshold value is adaptedly adjusted to detect a dangerous situation, thereby ensuring safer operation for the battery and PCS.

[0035] Meanwhile, the effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and various effects may be included within the scope obvious to a person skilled in the art from the contents described below. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0036] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an ESS control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate an embodiment of an ESS control device. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an ESS control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step for estimating a power pattern. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step for controlling a power converter according to an allowable range. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step for calculating a risk assessment score. FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a step of weighted summing the measured values. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step for calculating a risk assessment score from a weighted sum result. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step for determining whether there is a risk based on a risk assessment score. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step for specifying a reference threshold for a risk assessment score. FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a step for adjusting a reference threshold. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0037] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings. Instead, based on the principle that the inventor may appropriately define the concepts of terms to best describe his invention, they should be interpreted in a meaning and concept consistent with the technical spirit of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely some of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical spirit of the present invention; thus, various equivalents and modifications that can replace them may exist at the time of filing this application. Furthermore, as used in this specification, "comprise" or "include" and / or "comprising" or "including" specify the presence of the mentioned features, numbers, steps, actions, parts, elements, and / or groups thereof, and do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, actions, parts, elements, and / or groups. In addition, when describing embodiments of the present invention, "may" and "may be" may include "one or more embodiments of the present invention."

[0038] Additionally, to aid in understanding the invention, the attached drawings are not drawn to actual scale, and the dimensions of some components may be exaggerated. Furthermore, the same reference numerals may be assigned to identical components in different embodiments.

[0039] The statement that two subjects of comparison are 'identical' means that they are 'substantially identical.' Therefore, substantial identity may include deviations considered low in the industry, for example, deviations within 5%. Additionally, the statement that a parameter is uniform in a given area may mean that it is uniform from an average perspective.

[0040] Although terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used to describe various components, it goes without saying that these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another, and unless specifically stated otherwise, the first component may also be the second component.

[0041] Throughout the specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, each component may be singular or plural.

[0042] The fact that any configuration is placed on the "upper (or lower)" of a component or on the "upper (or lower)" of a component may mean not only that any configuration is placed in contact with the upper (or lower) surface of said component, but also that another configuration may be interposed between said component and any configuration placed on (or below) said component.

[0043] Furthermore, where it is stated that one component is "connected," "coupled," or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while said components may be directly connected or connected to each other, another component may be "interposed" between each component, or that each component may be "connected," "coupled," or "connected" through another component. Additionally, when it is stated that a part is electrically coupled with another part, this includes not only cases where they are directly connected but also cases where they are connected with another component in between.

[0044] Throughout the specification, "A and / or B" means A, B, or A and B unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, "and / or" includes any combination or any combination of the enumerated items. "C to D" means C or more and D or less, unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0045] The implementations described herein may be implemented, for example, as methods or processes, devices, software programs, data streams, or signals. Even if discussed only in the context of a single form of implementation (e.g., discussed only as a method), the implementation of the discussed features may also be implemented in other forms (e.g., devices or programs). Devices may be implemented in appropriate hardware, software, and firmware, etc. Methods may be implemented in devices such as processors, which generally refer to processing devices including, for example, computers, microprocessors, integrated circuits, or programmable logic devices.

[0047] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an ESS control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate an embodiment of an ESS control device.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, an ESS control device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a communication module (110), a sensor module (120), a memory (130), and a processor (140).

[0049] In this regard, the ESS control device (100) may include various additional components in addition to the components shown in FIG. 1 according to the embodiment.

[0050] For example, with reference to FIG. 2, the ESS control device (100a) is an Energy Storage System and may include at least one of a battery (10), a power conversion device (20) (PCS, Power Conversion System), a battery management device (30) (BMS, Battery Management System) and an energy management device (40) (Energy Management System).

[0051] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the ESS control device (100b) may be at least one of a power converter (20), a battery management device (30), and an energy management device (40), or may be mounted on at least one of a power converter (20), a battery management device (30), and an energy management device (40).

[0052] In addition, in another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the ESS control device (100c) may integrate at least one of a power converter (20), a battery management device (30), and an energy management device (40).

[0053] In another embodiment, the ESS control device (100) may be provided separately for each of the battery (10), power converter (20), battery management device (30) and energy management device (40).

[0054] Meanwhile, the communication module (110) can receive control data from at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30), and energy management device (40).

[0055] Here, the control data may include various data generated from at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30), and energy management device (40).

[0056] For example, the control data may include at least one of the status data of the power converter (20), the status data of the battery (10), a control command from the power converter (20), a control command from the battery management device (30), and a control command from the energy management device (40).

[0057] At this time, the status data of the power converter (20) may be generated from at least one of the power converter (20) and the energy management device (40). That is, the status data of the power converter (20) may be measured by a sensor provided in the power converter (20) or may be received by the energy management device (40) from the power converter (20).

[0058] Accordingly, the status data of the power converter (20) may include at least one of voltage, current, frequency, operating mode (e.g., charging, discharging, standby, voltage control and frequency control, etc.), temperature, active power, reactive power, and fault status for the power converter (20).

[0059] Additionally, the state data of the battery (10) may be generated from at least one of the battery (10) and the battery management device (30). That is, the state data of the battery (10) may be measured by a sensor provided in the battery (10) or measured by the battery management device (30) with respect to the battery (10).

[0060] Accordingly, the state data of the battery (10) may include at least one of the cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, state of charge (SoC), and state of health (SoH) for the battery (10).

[0061] The control command from the power converter (20) may include a control command generated by the power converter (20), for example, at least one control command among battery charging, battery discharging, current cutting off, current conducting, voltage control, and frequency control.

[0062] The control command from the battery management device (30) may include a control command generated by the battery management device (30) or transmitted by the battery management device (30) to the power converter (20). For example, the control command from the battery management device (30) may include at least one control command among current cutoff, current conduction, and a notification message regarding the risk to the battery of the power converter (20).

[0063] The control command from the energy management device (40) may include a control command generated by the energy management device (40) or transmitted by the energy management device (40) to the power converter (20). For example, the control command from the energy management device (40) may include at least one control command among battery charging, battery discharging, current cutoff, current conduction, voltage control, and frequency control.

[0064] To this end, the communication module (110) may be configured to support communication methods such as CAN (Controller Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), and LAN (Local Area Network).

[0065] Meanwhile, the communication module (110) can transmit a control command to the power converter (20). At this time, the control command transmitted to the power converter (20) may include at least one control command among battery charging, battery discharging, current cutoff, current conduction, voltage control, and frequency control.

[0066] In this regard, the ESS control device (100) may be configured such that the processor (140) controls the power converter (20) when the ESS control device (100) includes a power converter (20) or is integrated (or mounted) in the power converter (20).

[0067] The sensor module (120) can measure status data for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20).

[0068] That is, the sensor module (120) can measure at least one state data among cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state and health state for the battery (10), and at least one state data among voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power and fault status for the power converter (20).

[0069] To this end, the sensor module (120) may include at least one of a shunt resistor, a Hall effect sensor, a thermistor (thermally sensitive resistor), a platinum resistance temperature sensor, a potential transformer (PT), a voltage divider (VD), and a current transformer (CT).

[0070] Meanwhile, the sensor module (120) may measure at least one state data of exhaust gas and external change of the battery (10). To this end, the sensor module (120) may include a gas sensor capable of measuring at least one of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and hydrocarbons emitted from the battery (10), and an ultrasonic sensor.

[0071] At this time, the processor (140) may calculate state data different from the previously measured state data using state data measured by the sensor module (120). For example, the processor (140) can calculate the charge state and health state of the battery (10) based on the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery (10), and can calculate the frequency, active power, and reactive power based on the current or voltage of the power converter (20).

[0072] The memory (130) may store at least one instruction executed during the process of controlling the overall operation of the ESS control device (100). At this time, the at least one instruction may include an instruction to perform an operation or step, etc., according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] That is, the memory (130) can store control data received from at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30) and energy management device (40), and can store status data for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20).

[0074] Accordingly, the processor (140) can access data stored in memory (130) and perform an operation to control the ESS control device (100).

[0075] To this end, the memory (130) may include at least one storage medium among a flash memory type, a hard disk type, a multimedia card micro type, a card type memory, RAM (Random Access Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).

[0076] The processor (140) can be connected to memory (130) and can execute instructions stored in memory (130) to control at least one other component (e.g., hardware or software component) connected to the processor (140) and perform various data processing or operations.

[0077] Additionally, the processor (140) may be configured to perform each function separately at the hardware, software, or logic level. In this case, dedicated hardware may be used to perform each function. To this end, the processor (140) may be implemented as or include at least one of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microcontrollers, and / or microprocessors.

[0078] The processor (140) may be implemented as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a System on Chip (SoC), and may control multiple hardware or software components connected to the processor (140) by running an operating system or application, and may perform various data processing and operations. The processor (140) may be configured to execute at least one instruction stored in memory (130) and store the execution result data in memory (130).

[0079] Accordingly, the processor (140) can control the overall operation of the ESS control device (100) according to the present invention. That is, the processor (140) can estimate a power pattern based on state data corresponding to a predetermined unit time, calculate a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern, and control the power converter (20) based on the risk assessment score.

[0080] Here, the power pattern may include a pattern in which state data for at least one of the battery and the power converter changes according to the operation of the power converter (20).

[0081] That is, the power pattern may include at least one of a maximum (or minimum, average, etc.) state value and a change amount of the state value that appears at predetermined unit times based on state data of at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20).

[0082] At this time, the predetermined unit time may include at least one of a short-term unit time (e.g., 1 minute to 10 minutes), a medium-term unit time (e.g., 1 hour to 3 hours), and a long-term unit time (e.g., 1 day to 1 month).

[0083] To this end, the processor (140) can analyze the measurement value and trend change appearing per unit time for at least one of the multiple elements included in the state data, and estimate the power pattern based on the analysis result.

[0084] For example, the processor (140) can estimate the power pattern for the measurements appearing per unit time by specifying the maximum (or, minimum, average) value at each unit time for at least one element of the state data.

[0085] That is, the processor (140) can estimate the power pattern by listing the maximum (or minimum, average) values ​​at each unit time for at least one element of the cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state, health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external deformation, voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and failure status for the power converter (20) in a time series.

[0086] Additionally, the processor (140) can calculate the amount of change in the measured value over a continuous unit time for at least one element of the state data and estimate the power pattern for the trend change occurring per unit time.

[0087] At this time, the processor (140) can estimate the power pattern according to the trend change by calculating the deviation of the amount of change per unit time at the current point in time based on the average amount of change corresponding to an arbitrary period. Here, the arbitrary period may be a period including multiple unit times.

[0088] As another example, the processor (140) may generate a power pattern using a pre-trained power pattern estimation model. In this case, the power pattern estimation model may be trained using state data from any past period as training data.

[0089] At this time, various learning models implemented to enable analysis of time series data may be used for the power pattern estimation model. For example, the power pattern estimation model may include LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) and Transformer.

[0090] Through this, the processor (140) can generate a control command for the power converter (20) in response to a power pattern and control the power converter (20) based on the generated control command. According to an embodiment, the processor (140) may be configured to perform a charging or discharging operation for the battery (10) when the ESS control device (100) includes the power converter (20) or is integrated (or mounted) on the power converter (20).

[0091] Here, the control command may include time-series commands generated for the power converter at predetermined unit times.

[0092] Meanwhile, the processor (140) can compare a predetermined allowable range corresponding to state data of at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) with a previously estimated power pattern and generate a control command for the power converter (20) based on the comparison result.

[0093] Here, the allowable range may represent an acceptable range for the measurement value or trend change of at least one of the multiple elements included in the state data. This allowable range may be predetermined based on the specifications or characteristics of the battery (10) and the power converter (20).

[0094] That is, the allowable range may include a threshold value corresponding to a measurement value for at least one element of the state data, and a threshold change amount corresponding to a trend change for at least one element.

[0095] Accordingly, the processor (140) can control the power converter (20) by generating a control command for the power converter (20) when the previously estimated power pattern deviates from the allowable range. At this time, the processor (140) can generate a control command to limit the charging or discharging current of the power converter (20) or to open a relay based on the degree of deviation from the allowable range.

[0096] For example, the processor (140) can generate a control command corresponding to an element of state data that deviates from the threshold value when at least one of the following measurements of the cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state, health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external deformation, voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and failure status of the power converter (20) deviates from the threshold value according to the allowable range, and can control the power converter (20) using the generated control command.

[0097] In another example, the processor (140) can generate a control command corresponding to an element of state data that deviates from a threshold change amount when at least one trend change of a cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state, health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external deformation, voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and failure status of a power converter (20) deviates from a threshold change amount according to an allowable range, and can control the power converter (20) using the generated control command.

[0098] Meanwhile, the risk assessment score may represent the risk level of at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) according to the power pattern as a score. That is, the risk assessment score may be calculated by considering at least one of the measured value and trend change for at least one element of the state data.

[0099] To this end, the processor (140) can calculate a risk assessment score by weighting the measured values ​​at each unit time for at least one element of the state data and applying an environmental condition weight corresponding to the power pattern at the corresponding unit time to the weighted sum result.

[0100] In this case, the environmental condition weight may include a weight that takes into account predetermined environmental conditions for the power pattern. For example, the environmental condition weight may be determined by considering at least one of the number of elements that deviate from the allowable range among the multiple elements included in the state data, communication errors, and a trend change regarding at least one element included in the state data.

[0101] For example, the processor (140) can extract multiple elements from state data corresponding to a specific unit of time, apply predetermined weights to the extracted multiple elements, and sum the multiple elements to which the weights have been applied to derive a weighted sum result for the state data.

[0102] That is, the processor (140) can perform a weighted sum of one or more of the cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state, health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external deformation, voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and failure status for the power converter (20).

[0103] At this time, the processor (140) can check the number of elements that deviate from the allowable range among the multiple elements extracted from the state data corresponding to a specific unit time, and apply a predetermined weight corresponding to the number checked to the weighted sum result.

[0104] Additionally, if a communication error (e.g., communication mismatch, packet loss, fault signal, etc.) is detected with at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30), and energy management device (40), the processor (140) may apply a predetermined weight to the weighted sum result in response to the communication error.

[0105] Additionally, the processor (140) can determine whether the amount of change for one or more of the elements included in the state data from the power pattern has deviated from the allowable range, and apply a predetermined weight to the weighted sum result corresponding to the element that has deviated from the allowable range.

[0106] Through this, the processor (140) can calculate a risk assessment score by normalizing the weighted sum result with one or more weights to a predetermined range (e.g., 0 to 1).

[0107] Accordingly, the processor (140) compares a predetermined threshold value with a risk assessment score and determines whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) based on the comparison result, and can control the charging current or discharging current of the power converter (20) or cut off the power based on the determination result.

[0108] Here, the reference threshold may include a predetermined value to determine whether there is a risk based on a risk assessment score for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20).

[0109] To this end, the processor (140) can calculate a risk assessment score for state data measured over a unit of time during a predetermined test operation period and determine a reference threshold based on the numerical range of the calculated risk assessment score.

[0110] Here, the test operation period may include a period arbitrarily determined during normal operation of the battery and power converter, and, depending on the embodiment, may include an initial operation period (or learning operation period) of the battery and power converter, or an arbitrary operation period in the simulation.

[0111] For example, the processor (140) can specify a value corresponding to a predetermined ratio from the numerical range of risk assessment scores during the test operation period as a reference threshold.

[0112] In this case, the risk status may include multiple risk stages. In one embodiment, the risk status may include a normal stage, a warning stage, a restriction stage, and a stop stage. In this case, the reference threshold may include multiple reference thresholds corresponding to each of the normal stage, the warning stage, the restriction stage, and the stop stage.

[0113] Accordingly, the processor (140) can specify a predetermined ratio value as a reference threshold corresponding to each of the multiple risk levels from the numerical range of risk assessment scores during the test operation period.

[0114] As another example, the processor (140) may receive a warning notification for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) from at least one of the power converter (20), the battery management device (30), and the energy management device (40) during the test operation period, and may match the warning notification with the risk assessment score at the time the warning notification is received.

[0115] Accordingly, the processor (140) can map a plurality of predetermined risk levels for each type of warning notification to the risk assessment score matched to the warning notification.

[0116] Through this, the processor (140) can determine whether there is a risk based on a risk assessment score for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20), and control the power converter (20) based on the determined risk.

[0117] In one embodiment, the processor (140) controls the power converter (20) according to a predetermined charging or discharging standard in a normal phase, controls the power converter (20) so that the charging current or discharging current is limited according to a predetermined ratio in a warning phase, controls the power converter (20) so that the charging current or discharging current is forcibly limited according to a predetermined maximum limit ratio in a limiting phase, and controls the power converter (20) to open the relay of the power converter (20) and physically cut off the power supply in a stop phase.

[0118] Furthermore, the processor (140) can adjust the value of a predetermined threshold when a predetermined risk event is detected, and determine whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) based on the adjusted threshold.

[0119] Here, the risk event may include at least one of whether there is a match between control commands received from two or more of the power converter (20), battery management device (30) and energy management device (40), a communication error, whether there is battery aging or thermal shock detected based on the sensor module (120), and the external environment temperature.

[0120] That is, if the control commands received from two or more of the power converter (20), battery management device (30) and energy management device (40) are inconsistent with each other, the processor (140) can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value.

[0121] Additionally, the processor (140) can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value when a communication error occurs with at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30), and energy management device (40).

[0122] Additionally, the processor (140) can reduce a reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value when battery aging or thermal shock is detected based on a notification message (or control command) from the sensor module (120) or the battery management device (30).

[0123] Additionally, if the processor (140) determines that the external environment temperature is higher than a predetermined reference temperature, it can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value.

[0124] Additionally, the processor (140) can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined rate or value when an error is detected in the sensor module (120) or when the reliability of the sensor module (120) decreases.

[0125] At this time, the processor (140) may adjust the reference threshold according to different ratios or values ​​for each type of risk event.

[0126] In this regard, the processor (140) can perform smoothing by applying an exponential moving average (EMA) to the risk assessment score calculated according to a predetermined unit time.

[0127] That is, the processor (140) assigns a predetermined current weight to the risk assessment score calculated in the current unit time and assigns a predetermined past weight to the risk assessment score calculated in the past unit time, and can calculate the result of summing the risk assessment score in the current unit time and the risk assessment score in the past unit time as the final risk assessment score in the current unit time.

[0128] Through this, the processor (140) can determine whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) based on the final risk assessment score.

[0129] At this time, the processor (140) can determine whether there is a risk based on a series of sample conditions predetermined for multiple risk levels. Here, the series of sample conditions may be determined to indicate the number of times the risk assessment score has continuously deviated from a predetermined threshold for multiple risk levels.

[0130] For example, the processor (140) can determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to the warning stage if it deviates from the threshold value corresponding to the warning stage for a predetermined number of consecutive times (e.g., 3 times).

[0131] At this time, the processor (140) can maintain the previous risk level if the risk assessment score deviates from the reference threshold corresponding to the warning level by fewer than a predetermined number of times.

[0132] Additionally, the processor (140) may determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to the restriction stage if it deviates from the threshold value corresponding to the restriction stage for a predetermined number of consecutive times (e.g., 2 times).

[0133] At this time, the processor (140) can maintain the previous risk level if the risk assessment score deviates from the reference threshold corresponding to the limiting level by fewer than the predetermined number of times.

[0134] Additionally, the processor (140) may determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to the suspension stage if it deviates from the reference threshold corresponding to the suspension stage by a predetermined number of times (e.g., once).

[0135] Meanwhile, the processor (140) may determine that the risk state has been resolved if, after the point in time when it is determined that a risk has occurred to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20), the risk assessment score per unit time satisfies a predetermined recovery threshold.

[0136] Accordingly, the processor (140) can control the battery (10) and at least one of the power converter (20) to perform a normal charging or discharging operation when the dangerous condition is resolved.

[0137] At this time, the processor (140) can determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to a normal stage when it satisfies the recovery threshold for a predetermined number of consecutive times (e.g., 5 times).

[0139] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an ESS control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for estimating a power pattern. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for controlling a power converter according to an allowable range. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for calculating a risk assessment score. FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for weighted summing of measured values. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for calculating a risk assessment score from the result of weighted summing. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for determining whether there is a risk based on the risk assessment score. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for specifying a reference threshold for the risk assessment score. FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a step for adjusting the reference threshold.

[0140] Hereinafter, an ESS control method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the configuration of the ESS control device (100) described above. Some of the steps described below may be performed in a different order than the order described below or omitted.

[0141] Referring to FIG. 5, the sensor module (120) can measure status data for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) (S100).

[0142] That is, the sensor module (120) can measure at least one state data among cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery (or module, rack and pack) voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state and health state for the battery (10), and at least one state data among voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power and fault status for the power converter (20).

[0143] Additionally, the sensor module (120) may measure at least one state data of exhaust gas and external change for the battery (10).

[0144] Meanwhile, the communication module (110) can receive control data from at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30), and energy management device (40).

[0145] The processor (140) can estimate the power pattern based on state data corresponding to a predetermined unit time (S200).

[0146] To this end, with reference to FIG. 6, the processor (140) analyzes the measurement value and trend change appearing per unit time for at least one of the multiple elements included in the state data (S210), and can estimate the power pattern based on the analysis result (S220).

[0147] For example, the processor (140) can estimate the power pattern for the measurements appearing per unit time by specifying the maximum (or, minimum, average) value at each unit time for at least one element of the state data.

[0148] Additionally, the processor (140) can calculate the amount of change in the measured value over a continuous unit time for at least one element of the state data and estimate the power pattern for the trend change occurring per unit time.

[0149] Through this, the processor (140) can generate a control command for the power converter (20) in response to the power pattern and control the power converter (20) based on the generated control command.

[0150] In this regard, referring to FIG. 7, the processor (140) compares a predetermined allowable range corresponding to state data of at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) with a previously estimated power pattern (S240), and can generate a control command for the power converter (20) based on the comparison result (S250).

[0151] That is, the processor (140) can control the power converter (20) by generating a control command for the power converter (20) when the previously estimated power pattern deviates from the allowable range. At this time, the processor (140) can generate a control command to limit the charging or discharging current of the power converter (20) or to open a relay.

[0152] Referring again to FIG. 5, the processor (140) can calculate a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern (S300).

[0153] To this end, referring to FIG. 8, the processor (140) may calculate a risk assessment score by weighting the measured values ​​at each unit time for at least one element of the state data (S310) and applying an environmental condition weight corresponding to the power pattern at the corresponding unit time to the weighted sum result (S320).

[0154] For example, with reference to FIG. 9, the processor (140) can extract multiple elements from state data corresponding to a specific unit time (S311), apply a predetermined weight to the extracted multiple elements (S312), and sum the multiple elements to which the weight has been applied to derive a weighted sum result for the state data (S313).

[0155] At this time, referring to FIG. 10, the processor (140) can check the number of elements that deviate from the allowable range among a plurality of elements extracted from state data corresponding to a specific unit time, and apply a predetermined weight corresponding to the number checked to the weighted sum result (S321).

[0156] Additionally, if a communication error (e.g., communication mismatch, packet loss, fault signal, etc.) is detected with at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30) and energy management device (40), the processor (140) may apply a predetermined weight to the weighted sum result in response to the communication error (S322).

[0157] Additionally, the processor (140) can determine whether the amount of change for one or more of the elements included in the state data from the power pattern has deviated from the allowable range, and can apply a predetermined weight to the weighted sum result corresponding to the element that has deviated from the allowable range (S323).

[0158] Through this, the processor (140) can calculate a risk assessment score by normalizing the weighted sum result with one or more weights to a predetermined range (e.g., 0 to 1) (S324).

[0159] Referring again to FIG. 5, the processor (140) can control the power converter (20) based on the risk assessment score (S400).

[0160] To this end, referring to FIG. 11, the processor (140) compares a predetermined threshold value with a risk assessment score (S410), and based on the comparison result, determines whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) (S420).

[0161] In this regard, referring to FIG. 12, the processor (140) calculates a risk assessment score for state data measured over a unit of time during a predetermined test operation period (S401), and can specify a reference threshold based on the numerical range of the calculated risk assessment score (S402).

[0162] For example, the processor (140) can specify a value corresponding to a predetermined ratio from the numerical range of risk assessment scores during the test operation period as a reference threshold.

[0163] At this time, the processor (140) can specify a predetermined ratio value corresponding to each of the multiple risk levels from the numerical range of risk assessment scores during the test operation period as a reference threshold.

[0164] As another example, the processor (140) may receive a warning notification for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) from at least one of the power converter (20), the battery management device (30), and the energy management device (40) during the test operation period, and may match the warning notification with the risk assessment score at the time the warning notification is received.

[0165] Accordingly, the processor (140) can map a plurality of predetermined risk levels for each type of warning notification to the risk assessment score matched to the warning notification.

[0166] Through this, the processor (140) can determine whether there is a risk based on a risk assessment score for at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20), and control the power converter (20) based on the determined risk.

[0167] For example, the processor (140) can control the power converter (20) according to a predetermined charging or discharging standard in the normal phase, control the power converter (20) so that the charging current or discharging current is limited according to a predetermined ratio in the warning phase, control the power converter (20) so that the charging current or discharging current is forcibly limited according to a predetermined maximum limit ratio in the limiting phase, and control the relay of the power converter (20) to be opened and the power to be physically cut off in the stop phase.

[0168] Furthermore, referring to FIG. 13, the processor (140) can adjust the value of a predetermined reference threshold when a predetermined risk event is detected (S440), and determine whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) based on the adjusted reference threshold (S450).

[0169] For example, if the control commands received from two or more of the power converter (20), battery management device (30) and energy management device (40) are inconsistent with each other, the processor (140) can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value.

[0170] Additionally, the processor (140) can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value when a communication error occurs with at least one of the power converter (20), battery management device (30), and energy management device (40).

[0171] Additionally, the processor (140) can reduce a reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value when battery aging or thermal shock is detected based on a notification message (or control command) from the sensor module (120) or the battery management device (30).

[0172] Additionally, if the processor (140) determines that the external environment temperature is higher than a predetermined reference temperature, it can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined ratio or value.

[0173] Additionally, the processor (140) can reduce the reference threshold according to a predetermined rate or value when an error is detected in the sensor module (120) or when the reliability of the sensor module (120) decreases.

[0174] At this time, the processor (140) may adjust the reference threshold according to different ratios or values ​​for each type of risk event.

[0175] In this regard, the processor (140) can perform smoothing by applying an exponential moving average to the risk assessment score calculated according to a predetermined unit time.

[0176] That is, the processor (140) assigns a predetermined current weight to the risk assessment score calculated in the current unit time and assigns a predetermined past weight to the risk assessment score calculated in the past unit time, and can calculate the result of summing the risk assessment score in the current unit time and the risk assessment score in the past unit time as the final risk assessment score in the current unit time.

[0177] Through this, the processor (140) can determine whether there is a risk to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20) based on the final risk assessment score.

[0178] Additionally, the processor (140) can determine whether there is a risk based on a series of sample conditions predetermined for multiple risk levels. Here, the series of sample conditions may be set to indicate the number of times the risk assessment score has continuously deviated from a predetermined threshold for multiple risk levels.

[0179] For example, the processor (140) can determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to the warning stage if it deviates from the threshold value corresponding to the warning stage for a predetermined number of consecutive times (e.g., 3 times).

[0180] At this time, the processor (140) can maintain the previous risk level if the risk assessment score deviates from the reference threshold corresponding to the warning level by fewer than a predetermined number of times.

[0181] Additionally, the processor (140) may determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to the restriction stage if it deviates from the threshold value corresponding to the restriction stage for a predetermined number of consecutive times (e.g., 2 times).

[0182] At this time, the processor (140) can maintain the previous risk level if the risk assessment score deviates from the reference threshold corresponding to the limiting level by fewer than the predetermined number of times.

[0183] Additionally, the processor (140) may determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to the suspension stage if it deviates from the reference threshold corresponding to the suspension stage by a predetermined number of times (e.g., once).

[0184] Meanwhile, the processor (140) may determine that the risk state has been resolved if, after the point in time when it is determined that a risk has occurred to at least one of the battery (10) and the power converter (20), the risk assessment score per unit time satisfies a predetermined recovery threshold.

[0185] Accordingly, the processor (140) can control the battery (10) and at least one of the power converter (20) to perform a normal charging or discharging operation when the dangerous condition is resolved.

[0186] At this time, the processor (140) can determine that the risk assessment score corresponds to a normal stage when it satisfies the recovery threshold for a predetermined number of consecutive times (e.g., 5 times).

[0188] As described above, according to the ESS control device and method of the embodiment of the present invention, by automatically adjusting the charging and discharging schedule of the PCS by considering the control pattern of the battery or PCS based on the generator, load, battery status, etc., abnormalities in the battery or PCS can be detected early.

[0189] In addition, according to the ESS control device and method of the embodiment of the present invention, by integrating and performing charge / discharge control of the battery and control based on whether a dangerous state is diagnosed within a single device, stable and independent autonomous control can be achieved even in situations where communication with an external EMS is disconnected, and effects such as improved charge / discharge efficiency, extended battery life, and fire prevention can be expected.

[0190] In addition, according to the ESS control device and method of the embodiment of the present invention, when events such as the state of the battery or PCS, communication errors with an external EMS, and sensor errors occur, a predetermined threshold is adaptively adjusted to detect dangerous situations, thereby ensuring safer operation for the battery and PCS.

[0191] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, this is merely illustrative and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent alternative embodiments are possible therefrom. Accordingly, the true technical scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the claims below. Explanation of the symbols

[0192] 10: Battery 20: Power converter 30: Battery Management System 40: Energy Management System 100: ESS Control Device 110: Communication module 120: Sensor module 130: Memory 140: Processor

Claims

Claim 1 A sensor module for measuring state data of at least one of a battery and a power converter; A processor that estimates a power pattern related to the charge / discharge operation of at least one of the battery and the power converter according to the power generation amount of the power system based on the above state data, calculates a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern, and controls the power converter based on the risk assessment score; wherein the processor calculates a deviation of the change amount for a measurement value according to a continuous unit time based on an average change amount corresponding to an arbitrary period for the above state data to identify a trend change appearing for each unit time, and identifies the number of elements that deviate from the allowable range in the above state data based on a predetermined allowable range for the above state data, wherein the trend change regarding cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state, health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external deformation for the battery, and voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and failure status for the power converter deviates from a threshold change amount according to the allowable range, and as a communication error regarding the battery and the power converter, Specify whether communication mismatch, packet loss, and Fault signals occur; specify environmental condition weights based on the trend change, the number of elements deviating from the allowable range, and whether communication errors occur; extract a predetermined plurality of elements from the state data; perform a weighted sum of the measured values ​​at the unit time for the extracted plurality of elements according to the weights predetermined for the plurality of elements; and calculate the risk assessment score by applying the environmental condition weights to the weighted sum result, wherein the weighted sum result is derived based on the weights predetermined for the elements deviating from the allowable range among the plurality of elements.Based on the numerical range of risk assessment scores calculated according to the unit time during a predetermined test operation period from the initial operation period of the battery and the power converter, multiple reference thresholds corresponding to the normal stage, warning stage, restriction stage, and stop stage are specified; during the actual operation process of the battery and the power converter, the multiple reference thresholds and the risk assessment scores are compared to determine whether there is a risk to the battery and the power converter; if the risk is in the warning stage, the power converter is controlled so that the charging current and discharging current of the battery are limited according to a predetermined ratio; if the risk is in the restriction stage, the power converter is controlled so that the charging current and discharging current of the battery are forcibly limited according to a predetermined maximum limit ratio; if the risk is in the stop stage, the relay of the power converter is opened to physically cut off the power supply; and the consistency of control commands from two or more of the power converter, the battery management device and the energy management device connected to the power converter, the communication error, the aging and thermal shock of the battery, and the external environment An ESS control device that reduces the values ​​of the plurality of reference thresholds according to a predetermined ratio when a predetermined risk event related to temperature is detected. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 delete Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete Claim 7 delete Claim 8 delete Claim 9 delete Claim 10 delete Claim 11 A step in which a sensor module measures state data of at least one of a battery and a power converter; a step in which a processor estimates a power pattern related to the charging and discharging operation of at least one of the battery and the power converter according to the amount of power generated by the power system based on the state data; a step in which the processor calculates a risk assessment score corresponding to the power pattern; The method comprises the step of the processor controlling the power converter based on the risk assessment score; wherein, in the step of estimating the power pattern, the processor calculates the deviation of the change amount for the measured value according to a continuous unit time based on the average change amount corresponding to an arbitrary period for the state data to identify the trend change appearing for each unit time; and in the step of calculating the risk assessment score, the processor identifies the number of elements that deviate from the allowable range in the state data based on a predetermined allowable range for the state data, wherein the trend change regarding cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, charge state, health state, presence of exhaust gas, presence of external deformation for the battery, and voltage, current, frequency, operating mode, temperature, active power, reactive power, and presence of failure for the power converter deviates from the threshold change amount according to the allowable range, and identifies the elements of the state data where the trend change exceeds the threshold change amount according to the allowable range as a communication error for the battery and the power converter, such as communication mismatch, packet loss, and occurrence of a Fault signal, and the trend change and the allowable range An environmental condition weight is determined based on the number of deviated elements and whether the communication error occurs, a predetermined plurality of elements are extracted from the state data, the measured values ​​at the unit time for the extracted plurality of elements are weighted according to the weights predetermined for the plurality of elements, and the environmental condition weight is applied to the result of the weighted sum to calculate the risk assessment score.A weighted sum result is derived based on a predetermined weight corresponding to an element among the plurality of elements that deviates from the allowable range, and a plurality of reference thresholds corresponding to each of the normal stage, warning stage, restriction stage, and stop stage are specified based on the numerical range of the risk assessment score calculated according to the unit time during a predetermined test operation period from the initial operation period of the battery and the power converter, and during the actual operation process of the battery and the power converter, the plurality of reference thresholds and the risk assessment score are compared to determine whether there is a risk to the battery and the power converter, and in the step of controlling the power converter, the processor controls the power converter so that the charging current and discharging current of the battery are limited according to a predetermined ratio when the risk is in the warning stage, controls the power converter so that the charging current and discharging current of the battery are forcibly limited according to a predetermined maximum limit ratio when the risk is in the restriction stage, and controls the power converter so that the relay of the power converter is opened to physically cut off the power supply when the risk is in the stop stage, and the power converter, the An ESS control method that reduces the value of a plurality of reference thresholds according to a predetermined ratio when a predetermined risk event is detected in relation to whether control commands from two or more of a battery management device and an energy management device connected to a power converter match, the communication error, whether aging and thermal shock of the battery are present, and the external environment temperature. Claim 12 delete Claim 13 delete Claim 14 delete Claim 15 delete Claim 16 delete Claim 17 delete Claim 18 delete Claim 19 delete Claim 20 delete

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