Vegetation mat comprising a porous composition with automatic time-lag nutrient release function and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vegetation mat that enables rapid seed germination after installation and provides an optimal seed growth environment, wherein the vegetation mat comprises a porous composition manufactured in the form of a porous body coated with a seaweed extract and a biodegradable coating layer, and a mat equipped with seeds.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The contents disclosed in this specification relate to a vegetation mat comprising a porous composition and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, to a vegetation mat comprising a porous composition having an automatic time-delayed nutrient supply function and a method for manufacturing the same. Background Technology

[0002] Unless otherwise indicated in this specification, the contents described in this identification item are not prior art for the claims of this application, and are not recognized as prior art simply because they are described in this identification item.

[0003] Generally, vegetation mats are products that integrate seeds, fertilizers, or reinforcing materials into the mat, and are used for slope stabilization, greening, river embankments, soil erosion prevention, rooftop greening, wall greening, landfill restoration, landscaping improvement, and water purification.

[0004] Among various types of vegetation mats, seed-transplanted mats have advantages over simple mats in preventing soil erosion and securing vegetation early; specifically, they are effective for slope protection, greening, slope stabilization, landfill restoration, rooftop greening, wall greening, and landscaping improvement.

[0005] However, in the case of vegetation mats with transplanted seeds, there is a disadvantage that seeds may germinate due to plant nutrients and specific environmental factors during storage or transportation, and the timing of seed germination varies depending on the nutrients provided by the environment in which the vegetation mat is installed.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for a technology that can prevent seed germination during the storage or transportation of vegetation mats, promote seed germination after installation, and produce a rapid installation effect.

[0007] In this regard, Korean Registered Utility Model Publication No. 20-0457593 discloses a seed-sowing type biodegradable eco-friendly vegetation mat, and Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0913693 discloses a straw vegetation mat and a vegetation base material using the same.

[0008] However, existing inventions do not disclose a technology that automatically germinates seeds from the time the vegetation mat is installed and shortens the time until seed germination. Prior art literature

[0009] Korean Registered Utility Model Publication No. 20-0457593 Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0913693 The problem to be solved

[0010] The invention provides a vegetation mat that enables rapid seed germination after installation and provides an optimal seed growth environment, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0011] Furthermore, it is evident that the technical challenges are not limited to those described above, and that other technical challenges may be derived from the following description. means of solving the problem

[0012] According to one embodiment of the disclosed content, the porous body composition and the mat having seeds are manufactured in such a way that a biodegradable coating layer containing seaweed extract and lignin is coated on a porous body comprising granular zeolite, perlite, or bottom ash, and a water-soluble coating layer containing oxidized starch is further coated on the surface of the biodegradable coating layer.

[0013] In addition, the vegetation mat may further include an anchor body extending in one direction; and an anchor having a penetration portion formed in the shape of a triangular plate and coupled to one end of the anchor body such that the pointed portion faces the direction of extension of the anchor body.

[0014] In addition, the above penetration part may be a triangular plate in which the upper surface located at the top has a relatively larger area than the bottom surface located at the bottom.

[0015] In addition, the anchor body is manufactured in the form of a deformed reinforcing bar with an inclined surface formed at one end and extending upward, and the one end can be joined to the center of the side of the penetration part through welding, bolts, or rivets.

[0016] In addition, the anchor body may have a central portion extending upward from the upper part of the upper end, passing the upper part of the penetration portion, and the other end extending in one direction from the upper part of the central portion.

[0017] In addition, a plurality of side holes may be formed in the penetration portion, wherein each of the side portions of the penetration portions, which are spaced apart from each other with one end of the anchor body in between and located on the same horizontal line, are sunk in one direction to connect the one-sided space and the other-sided space of the penetration portion.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the disclosed content, a method for manufacturing a vegetation mat comprises: a first transplantation step of transplanting seeds into pulp; a second transplantation step of transplanting a porous body composition into the pulp, wherein the porous body, comprising granular zeolite, perlite, or bottom ash, is coated with a biodegradable coating layer comprising seaweed extract and lignin, and a water-soluble coating layer comprising oxidized starch is further coated on the surface of the biodegradable coating layer; a mat manufacturing step of attaching a net to the pulp at a position spaced apart from the pulp with the seeds and the porous body composition in between; and a cutting and packaging step of cutting the manufactured mat and packaging it together with an anchor.

[0019] Additionally, the anchor may comprise an anchor body extending in one direction; and a penetration portion formed in the shape of a triangular plate and coupled to one end of the anchor body such that a pointed portion faces the direction of extension of the anchor body. Effects of the invention

[0020] According to one embodiment disclosed in this specification, the vegetation mat has the advantage of inhibiting seed germination during the manufacturing, transportation, or storage process, and automatically inducing seed germination after the vegetation mat is installed.

[0021] In addition, the zeolite-based porous composition coated with seaweed extract has the advantage of automatically releasing minerals, amino acids, and plant nutrients when stimulated by moisture and microorganisms, thereby promoting early seed germination and increasing the survival rate.

[0022] In addition, the biodegradable coating layer and water-soluble coating layer coated on the surface of the porous composition are effective in optimizing the seed growth environment by suppressing premature seed germination when the vegetation mat is transported or stored, and by continuously supplying nutrients to the seeds as the vegetation mat decomposes in stages after installation.

[0023] In addition, after the seaweed extract is released from the porous composition, the zeolite-based porous material has the function of absorbing and storing excess moisture and gradually releasing it to the seeds when necessary, thereby preventing seed rot and being effective in maintaining soil moisture balance.

[0024] In addition, vegetation mats composed of pulp, jute nets, and coir fibers have excellent moisture retention, breathability, and soil barrier functions, which have the advantage of preventing topsoil loss on steep slopes, rooftops, or embankments and enabling early greening.

[0025] In addition, the porous composition and seeds that can be filled into the anchor's receiving space have the function of strengthening the ground fixation of the vegetation mat through soil inflow and root entanglement in the ground, and have the advantage of maintaining stable fixation of the vegetation mat even during rainfall and water flow.

[0026] Vegetation mats have the advantage of being firmly fixed to flat or sloping surfaces because they are used by securing them to the surface using anchors.

[0027] In addition, the vegetation mat has the advantage of maximizing the efficiency of public works by preventing seed loss and premature germination through a porous composition having multiple coating layers, thereby drastically reducing the failure rate of vegetation mat construction and preventing budget waste caused by the re-construction of vegetation mats.

[0028] Furthermore, since the effects of the present invention described above are naturally exerted by the composition of the described content regardless of whether the inventor is aware of them, the aforementioned effects are merely a few effects based on the described content and should not be recognized as having described all effects that the inventor has grasped or that actually exist. In addition, the effects of the present invention must be further understood through the overall description of the specification, and even if not explicitly stated in a sentence, if a person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the described content belongs can recognize that such an effect exists through this specification, it should be considered as an effect described in this specification. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0029] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a vegetation mat according to one embodiment of the present specification. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the center of the vegetation mat of Figure 1 installed in a specific environment. Figure 3 is a perspective view of an anchor included in the vegetation mat of Figure 1. Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the anchor of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view and a partial enlarged view of the anchor of Figure 3 cut along I-I'. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view and a partial enlarged view showing a different usage state of the anchor of Figure 3 by cutting along I-I'. FIG. 7 is a perspective view and a partial enlarged view of an anchor according to another embodiment of the present specification. FIGS. 8 and 9 are perspective views of an anchor according to another embodiment of the present specification. Figure 10 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a vegetation mat showing the sequence of manufacturing the vegetation mat of Figure 1. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0030] Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, the configuration, operation, and effects of a vegetation mat comprising a porous composition having an automatic nutrient supply function according to a preferred embodiment and a method for manufacturing the same will be examined. For reference, in the drawings below, each component is omitted or schematically illustrated for convenience and clarity, and the size of each component does not reflect its actual size. Furthermore, throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same components, and reference numerals for the same components in individual drawings will be omitted.

[0031] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the vegetation mat (100) includes a mat (120) and a plurality of anchors (140).

[0032] When the vegetation mat (100) is installed in an environment where humidity, moisture, and microorganisms suitable for seed (122) germination are present, nutrients containing seaweed extract are automatically released from the porous composition (123) transplanted into the mat (120), thereby promoting the germination of the seeds (122).

[0033] When a vegetation mat (100) is installed on a slope or flat land for greening and water is supplied, the water-soluble coating layer (123d) of the porous composition (123) is removed by the water, and when the biodegradable coating layer (123c) is removed by microorganisms inside the soil, the seaweed extract (123b) is automatically exposed to the outside and moved to the seeds (122) placed in an adjacent location.

[0034] The mat (120) includes pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), coir fibers (125), a coir net (126), a hexagonal wire mesh (127), and a square steel plate (128).

[0035] The mat (120) is a rectangular mat formed by the lamination and combination of pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), coir fibers (125), a coir net (126), a hexagonal wire mesh (127), and a square steel plate (128), and the pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), coir fibers (125), a coir net (126), a hexagonal wire mesh (127), and a square steel plate (128) are joined together by needle punching, sewing, stitching, adhesive, or heat pressing.

[0036] Meanwhile, the mat (120) may be composed only of pulp (121), seeds (122), porous composition (123), jute net (124), coir fiber (125) and coir net (126), excluding hexagonal wire mesh (127) and square steel plate (128).

[0037] The pulp (121) is a water-soluble sheet that dissolves in moisture and helps to effectively diffuse nutrients from the soil and the porous composition (123) toward the seeds (122), and has the advantage of promoting the germination of the seeds (122).

[0038] The pulp (121) physically fixes the seeds (122) so that they are not lost due to external forces, protects the seeds (122) from birds and insects, maintains moisture essential for seed (122) germination for a long period, and maintains a stable temperature around the seeds (122), thereby improving the initial germination success rate of the seeds (122) in environments where germination of the seeds (122) is difficult.

[0039] The pulp (121) is any one of groundwood pulp made by grinding wood with a machine, chemical pulp made by removing lignin with chemicals to obtain pure cellulose fibers, recycled pulp made by recycling waste paper, and non-wood pulp made from plant fibers such as rice straw, rice husk, bamboo or reeds.

[0040] The pulp (121) may be a vegetation mat, and the vegetation mat is a porous material used to promote plant growth and increase soil stability, and is mainly made of non-woven fabric, natural fibers or biodegradable synthetic fibers, and includes functions of preventing soil erosion, protecting plant roots and retaining moisture.

[0041] A method for manufacturing vegetation paper includes a cutting step of manufacturing cut fibers by washing and drying coconut fibers, jute, or non-woven fabric to remove foreign substances and then cutting them into lengths of 5 to 15 cm; a mat manufacturing step of manufacturing a mat by spreading the cut fibers thinly with a carding machine and entangling the cut fibers with a needle punching machine; and a cutting step of manufacturing vegetation paper by cutting the mat to a desired size.

[0042] The seeds (122) and porous composition (123) are dispersed on the upper surface of the pulp (121), and through a manufacturing process in which a jute net (124) is attached to the upper surface of the pulp (121), the seeds (122) and porous composition (123) are fixed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124), and some are inserted into the interior of the pulp (121) and fixed.

[0043] Multiple seeds (122) are dispersed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124), and outflow into the external space of the mat (120) is blocked by the jute net (124), coir fiber (125), and coir net (126) that are bonded to the upper part of the pulp (121).

[0044] The seeds (122) are preferably seeds of grasses (grass family) that germinate quickly, grow densely, and have beard-like roots (fibrous roots) that effectively hold the soil, making them useful for preventing initial soil erosion.

[0045] Specifically, the seeds (122) may be Kentucky Bluegrass, which is a cool-season grass resistant to cool water, has a dense and soft texture, and is widely used in parks, golf courses, or general slopes.

[0046] The seeds (122) may be perennial ryegrass, which has the fastest germination rate of all grasses and is absolutely important for the initial covering after the installation of the vegetation mat (100), and has the function of protecting the ground until other grasses grow.

[0047] The seeds (122) may be tall fescue, which is highly adaptable to dry and barren environments, has deep roots and is resistant to drought, and is useful on road slopes or dry south-facing slopes.

[0048] The seeds (122) may be creeping red fescue, which have the characteristic of growing well even in shady environments (shady areas) and are mainly used on slopes near apartment complexes or forest areas.

[0049] The seeds (122) may be Zoysia grass, which is a warm-season grass resistant to hot and humid summer climates, has very high density and is resistant to pests and diseases, and is suitable for southern regions or places with strong sunlight.

[0050] The seed (122) may be a legume with a nitrogen-fixing function that fixes nitrogen from the air into the soil through root nodule bacteria, and the legume fertilizes the barren soil, providing a foundation for other plants to grow well in the long term.

[0051] Specifically, the seed (122) may be clover, which is a representative nitrogen-fixing plant, grows quickly, covers the ground low to protect the surface, fertilizes the soil, and helps maintain greenness.

[0052] The seeds (122) may be birdsfoot trefoil, which is a legume with yellow flowers and grows well in acidic soil or dry places and is widely used for ecological restoration.

[0053] The seed (122) may be hairy vetch, which is famous as a green manure crop and has the advantage of growing well even in winter and supplying a lot of organic matter to the soil.

[0054] The seeds (122) may be wildflower seeds that add visual beauty to the monotonous green slopes and attract insects and butterflies to create a healthy ecosystem, and in particular, using local native wildflowers allows for sustainable restoration that harmonizes with the surrounding environment.

[0055] When the mat (120) is made, the seeds (122) are placed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124), and some are inserted into the pulp (121) or the jute net (124) by the pressure generated during the manufacturing process of the mat (120).

[0056] Specifically, the seeds (122) may be Korean aster or mugwort, and Korean aster or mugwort is a representative autumn wildflower of Korea, and has the advantage of growing well even in barren and dry environments, having strong vitality, and creating a natural landscape.

[0057] The seeds (122) may be goldenrod or ragweed, and goldenrod or ragweed blooms yellow or red flowers in the summer, has a long flowering period and good reproductive capacity, and has the advantage of growing quickly in a wide area.

[0058] The seeds (122) can be cosmos, which are widely known for their use in landscaping and germinate well, and are effective in providing a visual spectacle for citizens by forming a landscape early on.

[0059] The seeds (122) may be sticky catchfly, and sticky catchfly has the advantage of being attractive with its pink flowers and being very resistant to drying, so it can be used for greening rocky areas or very barren slopes.

[0060] The porous composition (123) includes a porous body (123a), a seaweed extract (123b), a biodegradable coating layer (123c), and a water-soluble coating layer (123d).

[0061] The porous composition (123) is fixed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124) in a dispersed arrangement with the seeds (122) at a location between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124), and when placed in an environment where plants can grow, it automatically decomposes and supplies nutrients to the seeds (122).

[0062] The porous body (123a) is made in the shape of a sphere or granule similar in size to the seed (122), is a porous body with multiple holes exposed on the surface, and is placed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124).

[0063] The porous body (123a) can be made of zeolite, which means "boiling stone," and is a porous aluminosilicate mineral with microscopic holes (cavities) that are invisible to the naked eye, and is used as an eco-friendly material in various industrial fields due to this porous structure.

[0064] Zeolite is a mineral discovered by Swedish mineralogist Cronstedt in 1756 and is classified into natural zeolite, which is formed over a long period of time as volcanic ash reacts with lake or seawater, and synthetic zeolite, which is artificially synthesized for specific uses.

[0065] Zeolite is formed into a three-dimensional network structure in which silicate (SiO4) tetrahedra composed of silicon and oxygen and aluminum (AlO4) tetrahedra composed of aluminum and oxygen share oxygen atoms.

[0066] Zeolites have irregularly shaped, tunnel-like and cave-like microscopic voids (cavities) arranged regularly, and because the size of these tunnels and cavities is small at the molecular level, they are called molecular sieves.

[0067] The cations (M) in the cavities of the zeolite can easily exchange places with other cations, and this property is used as a core raw material for water softeners that convert hard water into soft water by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions in water with sodium ions.

[0068] The fine pores formed in the zeolite can physically absorb and trap molecules of a specific size, and are utilized as deodorizers, dehumidifiers, and filters to remove odor molecules, harmful gases, and moisture.

[0069] The porous body (123a) made of zeolite has the advantage of preventing the seeds (122) from rotting because it absorbs some of the excess moisture that has entered the interior of the mat (120) when separated from the seaweed extract (123b), the biodegradable coating layer (123c), and the water-soluble coating layer (123d).

[0070] Meanwhile, the porous body (123a) can be made using perlite material, and perlite is a lightweight porous material that expands volcanic rocks including obsidian and perlite by heating them at a high temperature.

[0071] Perlite is very lightweight, making it easy to transport or store. It has many internal pores, which provide excellent breathability and water retention. It is chemically inert, making it stable even in high-temperature, acidic, or alkaline environments. It also has the advantage of being able to absorb various solutions due to its porous structure.

[0072] A method for manufacturing a porous body (123a) made of perlite material comprises a raw material preparation step of selecting and crushing perlite ore, and a step of crushing the perlite ore in a rotary kiln or vertical expansion furnace to 870 to 1,100 An expansion process step of heating, a forming step of placing the expanded perlite ore into a rotating drum (Granulator) and forming it into a sphere by rotating it while spraying water or a binder onto the expanded perlite ore, and forming the formed spherical perlite into 100 to 200 It includes a drying step for removing moisture by drying, and a sorting step for sorting the dried spherical perlite into desired sizes using a sieve.

[0073] In addition, the porous body (123a) can be made using bottom ash material, and bottom ash is ash remaining at the bottom of the boiler after coal combustion in a coal-fired power plant, and is mainly composed of silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), and calcium oxide (CaO).

[0074] Bottom ash has a porous structure and a density of 1.5 to 2.6 g / cm³. 3 It is relatively heavier than raw perlite, is chemically stable and often exhibits weak alkalinity, and has the advantage of being inexpensive.

[0075] A method for manufacturing a porous body (123a) made of bottom ash material comprises: a grinding step in which bottom ash is selected to remove foreign substances and the bottom ash is ground in a grinder to uniformize the particle size to a range of 0.1 to 2 mm; a molding preparation step in which a binder and water of 5 to 15% of the weight of the bottom ash are mixed with the bottom ash to prepare a bottom ash mixture; a molding step in which the bottom ash mixture is fed into a rotating drum (Granulator) or a disc pelletizer to produce bottom ash spherical particles; a drying step in which the bottom ash spherical particles are dried at 100 to 200 to remove moisture; and a sorting step in which the dried bottom ash spherical particles are passed through a sieve to select a porous body (123a) of a desired size.

[0076] Seaweed extract (123b) contains a variety of components including minerals, organic acids, and amino acids beneficial for plant growth, and is used in agriculture and horticulture, and includes brown algae extract, red algae extract, and green algae extract.

[0077] The seaweed extract (123b) is bonded to the porous body (123a) by coating the surface of the porous body (123a) with a spray or by placing the porous body (123a) into a container containing a solution of the seaweed extract (123b), and a portion of the seaweed extract (123b) is introduced into the interior of the porous body (123a).

[0078] The seaweed extract (123b) may be a brown seaweed extract of kelp (Laminaria spp.), Ascophyllum nodosum, or Sargassum spp., and the main components of the brown seaweed extract are alginic acid, cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, trace elements (iron, zinc, and manganese), amino acids, and vitamins, and is effective for root growth, soil microbial activity, improvement of plant resistance, promotion of plant nutrient absorption, and promotion of growth.

[0079] The seaweed extract (123b) may be a red seaweed extract useful for improving soil structure and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and the main components of the red seaweed extract are chitosan, polysaccharides and peptides, and chitosan is effective in strengthening the plant's fungal resistance, bacterial resistance and viral resistance, and polysaccharides are effective in stimulating plant growth hormone activity.

[0080] The seaweed extract (123b) may be a green seaweed extract, such as Ulva spp. or Chlorella spp., which is useful for promoting cell division and physiological activity. The main components of the green seaweed extract are chlorophyll, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Chlorophyll improves the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, while amino acids and minerals supplement the nutrition of plants.

[0081] When the vegetation mat (100) is installed on the surface of the soil and the biodegradable coating layer (123c) and water-soluble coating layer (123d) are decomposed by moisture and microorganisms present in the soil, the seaweed extract (123b) is separated from the porous body (123a) by moisture or external force and comes into contact with the seed (122) to supply nutrients including chitosan, polysaccharides, peptides, chlorophyll, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to the seed (122).

[0082] Specifically, when the seaweed extract (123b) is slowly dissolved by the inflow of moisture or rainwater, the seaweed extract (123b) is separated from the porous body (123a) and moves to the seed (122) along the water flowing in the space between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124) to supply nutrients to the seed (122).

[0083] Additionally, various microorganisms in the soil that flow between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124) decompose the seaweed extract (123b), and the decomposed seaweed extract (123b) is separated from the porous body (123a) and moved toward the seed (122) in an adjacent location by flowing water or gravity to supply nutrients to the seed (122).

[0084] The biodegradable coating layer (123c) is coated on the surface of the seaweed extract (123b) by spraying and is a polymer or natural material that can be degraded by organic organisms, including bacteria and microorganisms active in the soil.

[0085] The biodegradable coating layer (123c) is preferably made of lignin, and the lignin is broken down from a complex polymer structure into low-molecular-weight compounds by microorganisms living in the soil.

[0086] Lignin accounts for 20 to 35% of wood and is present in plant cell walls, providing functions such as structural support, water transport, and defense against microbial attacks. It is an eco-friendly material that can be obtained from almost all surrounding plants.

[0087] Lignin has slightly different chemical structures depending on the type of plant, and is broadly classified into softwood lignin, hardwood lignin, and grass lignin based on the type and proportion of monolignol, its main constituent unit.

[0088] The biodegradable coating layer (123c) may be a coating layer using coniferous lignin, and the coniferous lignin is mostly composed of G-lignin (Guaiacyl lignin) consisting mainly of coniferyl alcohol and has a simple structure.

[0089] The biodegradable coating layer (123c) may be a coating layer using hardwood lignin, and the hardwood lignin mainly consists of GS lignin polymerized with coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, and has a relatively more complex structure than softwood lignin.

[0090] The biodegradable coating layer (123c) may be a coating layer using herbaceous lignin, and herbaceous lignin has the most complex structure in which all three monomers are mixed, including H-lignin (p-hydroxyphenyl lignin) composed of p-coumaryl alcohol in addition to G-lignin and S-lignin.

[0091] Natural lignin is intricately intertwined with cellulose and hemicellulose, so a process to separate them is required, and Kraft lignin is obtained as a byproduct of the Kraft process for producing pulp in the paper industry.

[0092] Organic solvent lignin is a method of extracting lignin by dissolving it under high temperature and high pressure conditions using organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, and has the advantages of having higher purity, a uniform molecular weight distribution, and not containing sulfur compared to Kraft lignin.

[0093] Lignin is decomposed by specific microorganisms, such as white-rot fungi, that survive in soil or wood. These microorganisms secrete powerful oxidizing enzymes that break down lignin, converting its complex high-molecular structure into low-molecular compounds, while brown-rot fungi rapidly decompose cellulose but only partially oxidize lignin.

[0094] Lignin is degraded by oxidases of bacteria living in the soil, actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces show strong lignin oxidation activity in solid substrates, Rhodococcus is specialized in the decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter, and Pseudomonas is widely distributed in soil and water systems and has excellent metabolic ability of lignin-derived low-molecular-weight compounds.

[0095] Bacillus, a type of bacteria found in soil, exhibits excellent heat and environmental tolerance; some strains possess resistance to and the ability to degrade lignin derivatives, and they are often involved in indirect catabolic processes rather than enzymatic ones.

[0096] Accordingly, when the vegetation mat (100) is installed and the water-soluble coating layer (123d) is decomposed by moisture, the biodegradable coating layer (123c) is exposed to the outside and automatically decomposed by microorganisms inhabiting the soil, and the seaweed extract (123b) is exposed to the outside due to the decomposition of the biodegradable coating layer (123c).

[0097] The seaweed extract (123b) exposed to the outside due to the decomposition of the biodegradable coating layer (123c) is decomposed by moisture or microorganisms and transferred to the seed (122) placed in an adjacent location, providing nutrients to the seed (122).

[0098] The water-soluble coating layer (123d) is a coating layer that covers the outer surface of the biodegradable coating layer (123c), is made of a material that dissolves in moisture, and is coated onto the biodegradable coating layer (123c) by spraying.

[0099] The water-soluble coating layer (123d) is modified starch containing oxidized starch, and modified starch is starch whose existing properties have been changed by treating natural starch by chemical, physical, or enzymatic methods, and dissolves in water when it absorbs moisture.

[0100] Oxidized starch is one of the modified starches treated with an oxidizing agent including sodium hypochlorite, and has low viscosity and excellent film-forming ability, so it is effectively coated on the surface of the biodegradable coating layer (123c), and it is preferable to use oxidized starch for the water-soluble coating layer (123d).

[0101] Oxidized starch has the advantage of maintaining water-soluble function even when the vegetation mat (100) is placed in an environment exhibiting low temperatures, as carboxyl and carbonyl groups are introduced into the starch molecules, increasing hydrophilicity and dissolving easily even at low temperatures.

[0102] In addition, since the oxidized starch is coated on the surface of the biodegradable coating layer (123c) to improve the strength of the porous composition (123), there is an advantage of improving the durability of the porous composition (123) during storage or transport of the vegetation mat (100).

[0103] The coating step of coating a water-soluble coating layer (123d) onto the surface of a biodegradable coating layer (123c) using oxidized starch involves the preparation of an oxidized starch solution, the spraying of the oxidized starch solution through a spray device, and a drying process.

[0104] Specifically, the coating step of the water-soluble coating layer (123d) is a step of adding oxidized starch powder to water, dispersing it so that no lumps are formed, heating it to gelatinize the starch, and then preparing a solution so that the starch is transparent or translucent and has a specific viscosity.

[0105] When a vegetation mat (100) is installed on the surface of soil with a water-soluble coating layer (123d) coated on the surface of a biodegradable coating layer (123c), and the water-soluble coating layer (123d) is exposed to moisture or rainwater in the soil, the water-soluble coating layer (123d) dissolves in the moisture or rainwater.

[0106] Specifically, when moisture or rainwater comes into contact with the water-soluble coating layer (123d), the water-soluble coating layer (123d) absorbs the moisture, and the starch molecules of the water-soluble coating layer (123d) are dissolved through a continuous physical change in which they swell and then disperse.

[0107] In particular, the oxidized starch used in the water-soluble coating layer (123d) has the advantage of dissolving more quickly in water or rainwater because it has a relatively shorter molecular chain and higher hydrophilicity compared to other modified starches.

[0108] With the mat (120) manufactured, the porous composition (123) is placed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124), and some is inserted into the interior of the pulp (121) or the jute net (124).

[0109] Accordingly, the porous composition (123) has the advantage that when the water-soluble coating layer (123d) is dissolved by water or rainwater, the biodegradable coating layer (123c) is exposed to microorganisms in the soil and decomposes as a first step, and as a second step, a portion of the seaweed extract (123b) is separated from the porous body (123a) by water or microorganisms and comes into contact with the seeds (122) in an adjacent location to supply nutrients, and as a third step, the remainder of the seaweed extract (123b) is gradually decomposed over time according to the plant germination period, thereby effectively supplying nutrients to the seeds (122) and improving the rooting rate of the seeds (122).

[0110] In addition, the seaweed extract (123b) in contact with the seed (122) has the advantage of promoting the growth and development of the seed (122) through minerals, organic acids, amino acids, hormones, and polysaccharides contained in the seaweed extract (123b), and improving the development environment of the seed (122) by promoting soil microbial activity.

[0111] In addition, the porous composition (123) has the advantage of preventing the phenomenon in which the seaweed extract (123b) is separated from the porous body (123a) and leaks out to the outside during the manufacturing, transportation, and installation processes of the vegetation mat (100) through the biodegradable coating layer (123c) and the water-soluble coating layer (123d), thereby inhibiting the germination or growth of the seeds (122) before the installation of the vegetation mat (100).

[0112] Meanwhile, as another embodiment of the porous composition (123), the porous composition (123) can be produced by simultaneously coating a porous body (123a) with a seaweed extract (123b) and a biodegradable coating layer (123c), and when the environment for production, transportation, or storage of the vegetation mat (100) is dry, there is an advantage of reducing the production cost of the porous composition (123) and increasing the production speed.

[0113] Additionally, as another embodiment of the porous body composition (123), the porous body composition (123) may simultaneously coat a porous body (123a) with a seaweed extract (123b) and a biodegradable coating layer (123c), and then coat a water-soluble coating layer (123d) with the seaweed extract (123b) and the biodegradable coating layer (123c). Through this, the seaweed extract (123b) can decompose together with the biodegradable coating layer (123c) and be rapidly moved to a seed (122) placed in an adjacent location along with microorganisms.

[0114] In addition, as another embodiment of the porous body composition (123), the porous body composition (123) can simultaneously coat a seaweed extract (123b), a biodegradable coating layer (123c), and a water-soluble coating layer (123d) on the porous body (123a). Through this, the seaweed extract (123b) is mixed with the biodegradable coating layer (123c) and the water-soluble coating layer (123d) along with microorganisms and moisture, and is transferred to a seed (122) at an adjacent location, thereby having the advantage of effectively supplying nutrients to the seed (122).

[0115] Jute used in the jute net (124) is a plant that grows in tropical regions and has the advantage of retaining moisture essential for seed germination (122) for a long time, which increases the growth rate of vegetation even in dry environments.

[0116] The aforementioned vegetation survival rate is a ratio indicating how well plants planted in a specific area grow, take root, and survive; in addition to counting the number of surviving plants, it is evaluated by simultaneously considering the plant's health status and growth rate.

[0117] The jute net (124) fixes the pulp (121), seeds (122), porous composition (123), coir fiber (125), coir net (126), hexagonal wire mesh (127), and square steel plate (128) so that they do not scatter, thereby maintaining the overall shape of the mat (120).

[0118] The jute net (124) is made of a grid-shaped mesh and effectively prevents topsoil loss caused by rainwater or wind, and stabilizes the soil during the early stages of construction, before the seeds (122) germinate and take root.

[0119] The jute net (124) is bonded to the upper part of the pulp (121) with the seeds (122) and porous composition (123) in between, and prevents the seeds (122) and porous composition (123) from leaking out of the mat (120).

[0120] The coir of the coir fiber (125) refers to a coarse fiber extracted between the hard outer shell and inner shell of a coconut. It has a high lignin content, making it tough, resistant to moisture and salt, and characterized by slow decomposition by microorganisms.

[0121] The coir fiber (125) has excellent moisture-absorbing properties like a sponge, so it continuously supplies moisture to the seeds (122) necessary for germination and early growth, and has many pores so that oxygen essential for root development is supplied smoothly, and it has the advantage of preventing the roots of the plant from rotting by draining excess moisture.

[0122] The coir fiber (125) is suitable for harsh environments such as coastlines, rivers, and steep slopes, and has durability to withstand fast currents and external impacts applied to the mat (120), thereby reliably protecting the soil covering the vegetation mat (100).

[0123] Coir fiber (125) is useful in areas that are continuously exposed to water or salt, such as river banks, dams, and coastlines, and has the advantage of being 100% natural material and returning to nature without chemical contamination.

[0124] Coir fiber (125) has a relatively longer lifespan compared to the jute fiber used in jute nets (124), and its strength and durability are relatively stronger than those of jute fiber, and it is useful in environments that are relatively harsher than those of jute fiber.

[0125] The coir fiber (125), spread out in the form of a square film or plate, is placed on top of the jute net (124) to cover the top of the jute net (124), and its position is fixed by the combination of the coir net (126) placed on top of the coir fiber (125) and the jute net (124).

[0126] The coir net (126) refers to a square net woven from coir, which is a 100% natural, eco-friendly fiber extracted from the outer shell of a coconut fruit, and has the function of fixing pulp (121), jute net (124), coir fiber (125), and seeds (122) so that they do not scatter or get lost.

[0127] The dense and sturdy net structure formed in the coir net (126) effectively suppresses topsoil loss caused by heavy rain or wind and helps stabilize the ground during the early stages of construction, before plants take root.

[0128] Coir net (126) has a relatively longer lifespan compared to jute net (124), and its strength and durability are relatively stronger compared to jute net (124), and it is useful in environments that are relatively harsher than jute net (124).

[0129] The coir net (126) is positioned on top of the coir fiber (125) to cover the top of the coir fiber (125), and is combined with the jute net (124) to secure the coir fiber (125) between the jute net (124) and the coir net (126).

[0130] The hexagonal wire mesh (127) is manufactured in a form where hexagonal wire meshes surrounding a hexagonal space are connected to each other like a honeycomb, and is attached to the upper part of the coir net (126) to cover the upper part of the coir net (126).

[0131] The hexagonal wire mesh (127) is a hexagonal wire mesh that is galvanized or coated with PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), and through its high tensile strength, it effectively prevents the mat (120) from being torn or damaged and suppresses damage to the slope or flat surface caused by strong currents or external impacts.

[0132] The hexagonal wire mesh (127) has the advantage of covering the surface of the earth through a flexible and rigid hexagonal structure, thereby suppressing the movement of soil and stones exposed on the surface of the earth, adhering closely to surfaces with severe curves or unevenness without lifting, and preventing partial erosion of the soil.

[0133] The hexagonal wire mesh (127) safely protects the pulp (121), seeds (122), porous composition (123), jute net (124), coir fiber (125) and coir net (126) from external physical impact or loss pressure.

[0134] The high physical strength of the hexagonal wire mesh (127) increases the physical strength of the mat (120), making it effective for steep cuts, embankment slopes, rock and blasted rock slopes, rivers, embankments, slopes adjacent to roads, slopes adjacent to railways, check dams, and wasteland restoration.

[0135] The square steel plate (128) is manufactured in the shape of a square frame that surrounds the edge of the square through hole (5) located on the inside, and is combined with the hexagonal wire mesh (127) while being placed on the upper edge of the hexagonal wire mesh (127).

[0136] With the mat (120) stacked and bonded on top of the pulp (121) and placed at an installation point located on top of the soil, each of the plurality of anchors (140) is inserted into the ground located below the mat (120) while penetrating the mat (120) in the order of square steel plate (128), hexagonal wire mesh (127), coir net (126), coir fiber (125), jute net (124), and pulp (121) at a location adjacent to the corner of the mat (120).

[0137] Meanwhile, as another embodiment, a square steel plate (128) may be placed between a hexagonal wire mesh (127) and a coir net (126). In this case, the mat (120) is manufactured by stacking pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), a coir fiber (125), a coir net (126), a square steel plate (128), and a hexagonal wire mesh (127) in the order of pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), a coir fiber (125), a coir net (126), a square steel plate (128), and a hexagonal wire mesh (127). Since the hexagonal wire mesh (127) prevents damage to the square steel plate (128) and prevents the square steel plate (128) from coming off, the durability of the mat (120) is improved.

[0138] Meanwhile, as another embodiment, the mat (120) included in the vegetation mat (100) may be made only of pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123) and a jute net (124), or made only of pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124) and a coir fiber (125), or made only of pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), a coir fiber (125) and a coir net (126), or made only of pulp (121), seeds (122), a porous composition (123), a jute net (124), a coir fiber (125), a coir net (126) and a hexagonal wire mesh (127).

[0139] Referring to FIGS. 3 to 6, the anchor (140) includes a first wing (200), a second wing (300), a third wing (400), and an anchor body (600).

[0140] The vegetation mat (100) is installed by placing the mat (120) on a flat or sloping surface and moving the lower end of the anchor (140) from the top of the mat (120) toward the ground below the flat or sloping surface to bury the anchor (140) in the ground and fix the mat (120) to the flat or sloping surface.

[0141] The mat (120) is preferably made of a material having excellent flexibility, biodegradability, or environmental friendliness, and is fixed to the flat or inclined surface by an anchor (140) while placed on the flat or inclined surface.

[0142] The anchor (140) is used to fix the mat (120) to a flat or inclined surface, and a plurality of first to third wings (200, 300, 400) in the shape of a truncated cone with pointed parts facing downward are coupled to the anchor body (600) so as to be rotatable on different horizontal lines.

[0143] Specifically, one end of the first wing (200) is manufactured in the shape of a truncated cone, with the inner and outer diameters gradually increasing in proportion to the distance extended toward the top, and is coupled to the anchor body (600) so as to be rotatable while surrounding the outer surface of one end of the anchor body (600) corresponding to the lower part of the anchor body (600).

[0144] The other end of the first wing (200) is manufactured in such a way that the inner diameter and outer diameter gradually increase in proportion to the distance that a portion of the upper edge of the first wing extends toward the top, and surrounds the first receiving space (1) inside, and the first receiving space (1) is open toward the top.

[0145] A ring-shaped pivot member (210) is formed to protrude toward the anchor body (600) at the center of the inner side of one end of the first wing (200), and as the pivot member (210) is inserted into the first groove (10) formed on the outer side of one end of the anchor body (600), the first end of the first wing (200) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place with respect to the upper and lower axes.

[0146] The inner diameter of the pivot member (210) is formed to be relatively smaller than the outer diameter of one end of the anchor body (600), and one end of the first wing (200) is maintained in an elastically expanded state by the anchor body (600) until the anchor body (600) descends past the first receiving space (1) and the pivot member (210) is positioned on the same horizontal line as the first groove (10).

[0147] When the rotating member (210) is inserted into the first groove (10) formed on the outer surface of one end of the anchor body (600), the end of the elastically expanded first wing (200) contracts, and the rotating member (210) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place.

[0148] Meanwhile, the inner side of the first wing (200) can be manufactured in a form without a rotating member (210), and can be joined to the anchor body (600) by welding in a state where it is in close contact with the outer side of the anchor body (600), or can be manufactured together with the anchor body (600) through a mold so as to be integral with the anchor body (600).

[0149] One end of the second wing (300) is formed in the shape of a truncated cone, with the inner and outer diameters gradually increasing in proportion to the distance extended toward the top, and is coupled to the anchor body (600) so as to be rotatable while surrounding the outer surface of the central part of the anchor body (600) corresponding to the center of the anchor body (600).

[0150] The other end of the second wing (300) is formed such that the inner diameter and outer diameter gradually increase in proportion to the distance that a portion of the upper edge of the first wing extends toward the top, and surrounds the second receiving space (2) inside, and the second receiving space (2) is open toward the top.

[0151] A ring-shaped pivot member (310) is formed to protrude toward the anchor body (600) at the center of the inner side of one end of the second wing (300), and as the pivot member (310) is inserted into the outer side of the central part of the anchor body (600), one end of the second wing (300) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place with respect to the upper and lower axes.

[0152] The inner diameter of the pivot member (310) is formed to be relatively smaller than the outer diameter of the central part of the anchor body (600), and one end of the second wing (300) is maintained in an elastically expanded state until the anchor body (600) passes through the second receiving space (2) and descends, and the pivot member (310) is positioned on the same horizontal line as the second groove (20) formed on the outer surface of the central part of the anchor body (600).

[0153] When the pivot member (310) is inserted into the second groove (20) formed on the outer surface of the central part of the anchor body (600), one end of the elastically expanded second wing (300) contracts, and the pivot member (310) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place.

[0154] When the second wing (300) is lowered along the same horizontal line as the other end of the first wing (200) and inserted into the first receiving space (1), the outer surface of the first end of the second wing (300) comes into close contact with the inner surface of the other end of the first wing (200).

[0155] Meanwhile, the inner surface of the second wing (300) can be formed without a rotating member (310) and can be joined to the anchor body (600) by welding in a state of close contact with the outer surface of the anchor body (600), or can be manufactured together with the anchor body (600) through a mold to become an integral part of the anchor body (600).

[0156] One end of the third wing (400) is formed as a truncated cone-shaped cylinder in which the inner and outer diameters gradually increase in proportion to the distance extending upward, and is coupled to the anchor body (600) so as to be rotatable while surrounding the outer surface of the other end of the anchor body (600) corresponding to the upper part of the anchor body (600).

[0157] The other end of the third wing (400) is manufactured in such a way that the inner and outer diameters gradually increase in proportion to the distance that a portion of the upper rim of the first wing extends toward the top, and surrounds the third receiving space (3) inside, and the third receiving space (3) is open toward the top.

[0158] A ring-shaped pivot member (410) is formed to protrude toward the anchor body (600) at the center of the inner side of one end of the third wing (400), and as the pivot member (410) is inserted into the outer side of the other end of the anchor body (600), one end of the third wing (400) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place with respect to the upper and lower axes.

[0159] A ring-shaped pivot member (410) is formed to protrude inwardly at the center of the inner side of one end of the third wing (400), and as the pivot member (410) is inserted into the outer side of the other end of the anchor body (600), one end of the third wing (400) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place with respect to the upper and lower axes.

[0160] The inner diameter of the pivot member (410) is formed to be relatively smaller than the outer diameter of the other end of the anchor body (600), and one end of the third wing (400) is maintained in an elastically expanded state by the anchor body (600) until the anchor body (600) passes through the third receiving space (3) and descends until the pivot member (410) is positioned on the same horizontal line as the third groove (30) formed on the outer surface of the other end of the anchor body (600).

[0161] When the rotating member (410) is inserted into the third groove (30) formed on the outer side of the other end of the anchor body (600), the end of the elastically expanded third wing (400) contracts, and the rotating member (410) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate in place.

[0162] When the third wing (400) is lowered by a predetermined distance and inserted into the second receiving space (2), the outer surfaces of the first and second ends of the third wing (400) come into close contact with the inner surface of the second end of the second wing (300), and the end of the second end of the third wing (400) is positioned on the same horizontal line as the end of the second wing (300).

[0163] The inner diameter of one inner side of the second wing (300) is manufactured to be relatively larger than the inner diameter of one inner side of the first wing (200), and the inner diameter of one inner side of the third wing (400) is manufactured to be relatively larger than the inner diameter of one inner side of the second wing (300).

[0164] The first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are stacked on top of each other so that the outer surface of one end of the second wing (300) is in close contact with the inner surface of the other end of the first wing (200), and the outer surface of one end of the third wing (400) is in close contact with the outer surface of the other end of the second wing (300), and with one end of the anchor body (600) connected to the one end of the first wing (200) so as to be rotatable, when the anchor body (600) is lowered into the ground by a predetermined distance as a first step of inserting the anchor (140) into the ground, one end of the anchor body (600) is inserted into the ground together with the first wing (200).

[0165] Meanwhile, the inner surface of one end of the third wing (400) may be formed in a form without a rotating member (410), and may be joined to the anchor body (600) by welding in a state of close contact with the outer surface of the anchor body (600), or may be manufactured together with the anchor body (600) through a mold so as to be integral with the anchor body (600).

[0166] As a second step of inserting the anchor (140) into the ground, when the anchor body (600) is lowered further into the ground, the central part of the anchor body (600) is lowered while the lowering of the second wing (300) is suppressed by the soil, and is naturally coupled to one end of the second wing (300) so as to rotate. At this time, when it is lowered further, the central part of the anchor body (600) and the second wing (300) are inserted into the ground together.

[0167] As a third step of inserting the anchor (140) into the ground, when the anchor body (600) is lowered further into the ground, the other end of the anchor body (600) is lowered while the lowering of the third wing (400) is suppressed by the soil, and is naturally coupled to the end of the third wing (400) so as to be able to rotate, and the other end of the anchor body (600) and the third wing (400) are inserted into the ground together.

[0168] When the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) and the anchor body (600) are inserted into the ground, soil in the ground flows into the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3), and the phenomenon of the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) moving upward out of the ground due to external force is effectively prevented.

[0169] Accordingly, when the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are stacked on top of the mat (120) and one end of the anchor body (600) is inserted into the interconnected first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3) and the anchor body (600) is lowered, the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are sequentially automatically coupled with the anchor body (600) and inserted into the ground, thus having the advantage that no additional work is required to combine the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) with the anchor body (600).

[0170] In addition, since the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are naturally coupled to the anchor body (600) during the process of inserting the anchor body (600) into the ground, work convenience is improved, and since the delivery or storage of the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) in a stacked state is convenient and safe, there are advantages of maximizing space utilization, ease of delivery, and storage.

[0171] One lower end of the anchor body (600) is formed in a pointed cone shape and is formed in a cylinder shape with an outer diameter that gradually increases from the bottom through the first receiving space (1) toward the top, and a rotating member (210) is inserted into a ring-shaped first groove (10) formed on the outer surface.

[0172] The central part of the anchor body (600) is formed in the shape of a cylinder with an outer diameter that gradually increases from top to top, and protrudes to the upper part of the second wing (300) through the interior of one end of the second wing (300) and the second receiving space (2), and a rotating member (310) is inserted into a ring-shaped second groove (20) formed on the outer surface.

[0173] The other end of the anchor body (600) is formed in the shape of a cylinder with an outer diameter that gradually increases from the upper part of the central portion toward the upper portion, and protrudes through the interior of one end of the third wing (400) and the third receiving space (3) to the upper portion of the third wing (400), and the outer diameter of the head formed at the upper end of the anchor body (600) is increased relatively larger than the outer diameter of the lower part of the anchor body (600) and is formed in the shape of a circular plate.

[0174] At the other end of the anchor body (600), a ring-shaped outer surface portion is recessed inward by a predetermined distance on the central outer surface to form a third groove (30), and as a rotating member (410) is inserted into the third groove (30), the third wing (400) is coupled to the anchor body (600) so as to be rotatable.

[0175] The distance from the central part of the anchor body (600) to the third wing (400) is relatively shorter than the distance between the third wing (400) and the head located at the other end of the anchor body (600), and with the vegetation mat (100) installed, the mat (120) is positioned between the third wing (400) and the other end of the anchor body (600).

[0176] Specifically, when the anchor (140) penetrates the mat (120) and is inserted into the ground, the first end, the central part, and the other end of the anchor body (600) are inserted into the ground, the head located at the upper end of the other end of the anchor body (600) is positioned on the upper part of the mat (120), and the lower surface of the head of the anchor body (600) is in close contact with the upper surface of the mat (120).

[0177] When the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are stacked on top of each other and positioned on the upper part of the mat (120), and as a first step of inserting the anchor (140) into the ground, one end of the anchor body (600) is inserted into the interior of the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) and lowered, the rotating member (210) is inserted into the first groove (10), and the lower end of the anchor body (600) is inserted into the ground while penetrating the mat (120).

[0178] As a second step of inserting the anchor (140) into the ground, when the anchor body (600) is lowered further into the ground, the rotating member (310) is inserted into the second groove (20) of the anchor body (600) and is coupled to the anchor body (600) so that it can rotate naturally, and the central part of the anchor body (600) and the second wing (300) are inserted into the ground through the mat (120).

[0179] As a third step of inserting the anchor (140) into the ground, when the anchor body (600) is lowered further into the ground, the rotating member (410) is inserted into the third groove (30) formed on the outer side of the other end of the anchor body (600), and is coupled to the anchor body (600) so as to be able to rotate naturally, and the other end of the anchor body (600) and the third wing (400) are inserted into the ground through the mat (120).

[0180] Accordingly, when one end of the anchor body (600) is inserted into the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3) connected to each other and the anchor body (600) is lowered, the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are sequentially coupled with the anchor body (600) and inserted into the ground, so there is an advantage that no additional work is required to combine the rotating members (210, 310, 410) with the anchor body (600).

[0181] In addition, as the anchor body (600) is lowered and sequentially coupled with the rotating members (210, 310, 410), the anchor body (600) pushes the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) downward and the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) are inserted into the ground, thereby guiding the insertion direction of the anchor body (600). Thus, there is an advantage in that the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) and the anchor body (600) can be conveniently and accurately inserted into the ground by only lowering the anchor body (600).

[0182] Meanwhile, with the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) stacked on top of each other, one end of the anchor body (600) can be rotatably connected to one end of the first wing (200), and one end of the anchor body (600) can be inserted into the mat (120) and the ground to pre-position the anchor (140) at the location where it is to be installed.

[0183] At this time, in order to prevent foreign matter from entering the empty space formed between each end of the second and third wings (300, 400) and the anchor body (600), a ring-shaped plate inserted between the inner surface of one end of the third wing (400) and the anchor body (600) on a horizontal line corresponding to the upper part of the rotating member (410) may be arranged.

[0184] The above-mentioned valve may have a triangular cross-sectional structure that is pointed toward the bottom, and through this, during the process in which the rotating member (410) is inserted into the third groove (30) of the anchor body (600), the valve blocks the inflow of foreign matter and rises and detaches into the third receiving space (3), and the rotating member (410) can be naturally inserted into the third groove (30).

[0185] Meanwhile, the anchor body (600) can be manufactured in a form without the first to third grooves (10, 20, 30) and can be joined to the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) by welding while in close contact with the inner surface of one end of the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) without the rotating member (210, 310, 410).

[0186] Referring to FIG. 7, the anchor (160) according to another embodiment is substantially identical to the anchor (140) except for the first to third side penetration holes (260, 360, 460) and inclined surfaces (280, 380, 480) of the first wing (240), the second wing (340), and the third wing (440), so the same reference numbers and names are used and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0187] The anchor (160) includes a first wing (240), a second wing (340), a third wing (440), and an anchor body (600), and each of the first wing (240), the second wing (340), and the third wing (440) has a first to third side through hole (260, 360, 460) formed therein.

[0188] The first wing (240), the second wing (340), and the third wing (440) are substantially identical to the first to third wings (200, 300, 400) respectively, except for the first to third side penetration holes (260, 360, 460) and inclined surfaces (280, 380, 480), so the same reference numbers and names are used and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0189] The first side penetration hole (260) is formed so that a portion of the outer surface of the other end of the first wing (240) is recessed by a predetermined distance in a first spiral direction extending upward while surrounding one end of the anchor body (600), thereby connecting the first receiving space (1) and the outer space of the first wing (240).

[0190] Here, the first spiral direction refers to a direction that rotates clockwise around the upper and lower extension direction of the anchor body (600) while surrounding the anchor body (600) and extends spirally upward while observing the anchor body (600) from the upper part of the anchor body (600).

[0191] A plurality of first side penetration holes (260) are formed such that parts of the outer surfaces of the other end of the first wing (240), spaced apart at equal distances on the same horizontal line, are sunk in the first spiral direction to connect the first receiving space (1) and the outer space of the first wing (240).

[0192] An inclined surface (280) is formed at the upper position within each of the first side penetration holes (260), and when the soil inserted into the first side penetration hole (260) collides with the inclined surface (280) during the process of inserting the first wing (240) into the ground, the first wing (240) descends while rotating counterclockwise around the extension direction of the anchor body (600) while keeping an eye on the anchor body (600) from the upper part of the anchor body (600).

[0193] Accordingly, when the first wing (240) is lowered by receiving downward pressure from the pivot member (210) due to the lowering of the anchor body (600), it is lowered underground while rotating counterclockwise around the upper and lower extension direction axis by the soil, thus having the advantage of improving underground breakthrough power.

[0194] In addition, as the first wing (240) descends underground, soil flows into the first receiving space (1) through the first side penetration holes (260), and when the first wing (240) is inserted into the ground, a certain amount of soil flows into the first receiving space (1), so there is an advantage that the first wing (240) moving upward due to external force is effectively suppressed.

[0195] In addition, there is an advantage that the underground fixing force of the anchor body (600) by the first wing (240) is greatly improved because, as time passes while the first wing (240) is inserted into the ground and the anchor body (600) is fixed to the ground, the stem or root of the plant in the ground grows and is inserted into the first receiving space (1) through the first side penetration hole (260).

[0196] The second side penetration hole (360) is formed so that a part of the outer surface of the other end of the second wing (340) is recessed in a first spiral direction extending upward while surrounding the central part of the anchor body (600), thereby connecting the second receiving space (2) and the outer space of the second wing (340).

[0197] A plurality of second side penetration holes (360) are formed such that parts of the outer surfaces of the other end of the second wing (340), spaced apart at equal distances on the same horizontal line, are sunk in the first spiral direction to connect the second receiving space (2) and the outer space of the second wing (340).

[0198] An inclined surface (380) is formed at the upper position within each of the second side penetration holes (360), and when the soil inserted into the second side penetration hole (360) collides with the inclined surface (380) during the process of inserting the second wing (340) into the ground, the second wing (340) descends while rotating counterclockwise with the extension direction of the anchor body (600) as an axis.

[0199] Accordingly, when the second wing (340) is lowered by receiving downward pressure from the pivot member (310) due to the lowering of the anchor body (600), it is lowered underground while rotating counterclockwise around the upper and lower extension direction axis by the soil, thus having the advantage of improving underground breakthrough power.

[0200] In addition, as the second wing (340) descends underground, soil flows into the second receiving space (2) through the second side penetration holes (360), and when the second wing (340) is inserted into the ground, a certain amount of soil flows into the second receiving space (2), so there is an advantage that the movement of the second wing (340) toward the upper direction due to external force is effectively suppressed.

[0201] In addition, there is an advantage that the underground fixing force of the anchor body (600) by the second wing (340) is greatly improved because, as time passes while the second wing (340) is inserted into the ground and the anchor body (600) is fixed to the ground, the stem or root of the plant in the ground grows and is inserted into the second receiving space (2) through the second side penetration hole (360).

[0202] The third side penetration hole (460) is formed so that a part of the outer surface of the other end of the third wing (440) is recessed in a first spiral direction extending upward while surrounding the other end of the anchor body (600), thereby connecting the third receiving space (3) and the outer space of the third wing (440).

[0203] A plurality of third side penetration holes (460) are formed such that parts of the outer surfaces of the other end of the third wing (440), spaced apart at equal distances on the same horizontal line, are sunk in the first spiral direction to connect the third receiving space (3) and the outer space of the third wing (440).

[0204] An inclined surface (480) is formed at the upper position within each of the third side penetration holes (460), and when the soil inserted into the third side penetration hole (460) collides with the inclined surface (480) during the process of inserting the third wing (440) into the ground, the third wing (440) descends while rotating counterclockwise with the extension direction of the anchor body (600) as an axis.

[0205] Accordingly, when the third wing (440) is lowered by receiving downward pressure from the pivot member (410) due to the lowering of the anchor body (600), it is lowered underground while rotating counterclockwise around the upper and lower extension direction axis by the soil, thus having the advantage of improving underground breakthrough power.

[0206] In addition, as the third wing (440) descends underground, soil flows into the third receiving space (3) through the third side penetration holes (460), and when the third wing (440) is inserted into the ground, a certain amount of soil flows into the third receiving space (3), so the movement of the third wing (440) toward the upper direction due to the soil is effectively suppressed, and the anchor body (600) is stably fixed underground.

[0207] In addition, there is an advantage that the underground fixing force of the anchor body (600) by the third wing (440) is greatly improved because, as time passes while the third wing (440) is inserted into the ground and the anchor body (600) is fixed to the ground, the stem or root of the plant in the ground grows and is inserted into the third receiving space (3) through the third side penetration hole (460).

[0208] In the process of the anchor (140, 160) penetrating the mat (120) and being inserted into the ground in the order of square steel plate (128), hexagonal wire mesh (127), coir net (126), coir fiber (125), jute net (124), and pulp (121), the seeds (122) and porous composition (123) may be introduced into the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3), and the seeds (122) may germinate due to moisture or rainwater introduced into the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3).

[0209] When seeds (122) that flow into the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3) during the process of inserting the anchor (140, 160) into the ground germinate and grow toward the soil around the anchor (140, 160), the fixation force of the anchor (140, 160) in the ground is strengthened.

[0210] In addition, when seeds (122) that flow into the first and second receiving spaces (1, 2, 3) during the process of inserting the anchor (140, 160) into the ground germinate and grow into plants toward the soil around the anchor (140, 160), the branches or roots of the plants move toward the anchor (140, 160) through the first and third side penetration holes (260, 360, 460), and there is an advantage that the ground fixing force of the anchor (140, 160) is strengthened.

[0211] Meanwhile, the anchor body (600) can be manufactured in a form without the first to third grooves (10, 20, 30) and can be joined to the first to third wings (240, 340, 440) by welding while in close contact with the inner surface of one end of the first to third wings (240, 340, 440) which do not have a rotating member (210, 310, 410).

[0212] Additionally, before the anchor (140, 160) penetrates the mat (120) and is inserted into the ground, a seed (122) or a porous composition (123) may be placed in the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3) formed in the anchor (140, 160), and the seed (122) that is moved into the ground together with the anchor (140, 160) germinates and grows at the bottom of the mat (120), thereby strengthening the fixing force of the anchor (140, 160) in the ground.

[0213] Additionally, the porous composition (123) that moves into the ground together with the anchor (140, 160) can promote seed germination in the ground that can be introduced into the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3), and the fixing force of the anchor (140, 160) in the ground is strengthened by the plants growing in the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3).

[0214] Additionally, before the anchor (140, 160) penetrates the mat (120) and is inserted into the ground, a seed (122) and a porous composition (123) may be placed together in the first to third receiving spaces (1, 2, 3) formed in the anchor (140, 160), and the germination of the seed (122) is promoted by the seed (122) and the porous composition (123) moving into the ground together with the anchor (140, 160), and the plant grows, thereby strengthening the fixing force of the anchor (140, 160) in the ground in a short period of time.

[0215] Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, an anchor (180) according to another embodiment includes a penetration portion (620) and an anchor body (640).

[0216] One end of the anchor (180) is made in the shape of a pointed triangular plate facing downward, the central part is made so that a part of the first end extends upward by a predetermined distance, and the other end is made so that it extends vertically in a lateral direction from the upper part of the central part.

[0217] Specifically, the penetration portion (620) is made of an isosceles trapezoidal or triangular plate with a bottom surface facing downward, having a relatively smaller area than the upper surface located at the top, and is made of a metal or polymer material.

[0218] One end of the anchor body (640) is manufactured in the form of a deformed reinforcing bar that has an inclined surface (642) formed at the end and extends upward by a predetermined distance, and is joined to the center of the side of the penetration part (620) by welding, bolting, or riveting.

[0219] The central part of the anchor body (640) extends upward by a predetermined distance from the upper part of one end, passing through the upper part of the penetration part (620), and the other end extends in one direction by a predetermined distance from the upper part of the central part.

[0220] The anchor (180) can be easily inserted into the ground by penetrating the mat (120) through the inclined surface (642) formed at one end of the anchor body (640) and the lower part of the pointed penetration part (620), and when inserted into the ground, the fixing force is reinforced by the ribs and nodes formed on the surface of the anchor body (640) and the upper surface of the penetration part (620).

[0221] In addition, the inclined surface (642) is made by cutting the commercially available deformed rebar, and the other end of the anchor body (640) is made easy by bending a part of the deformed rebar, so there is an advantage of reducing production costs and increasing production speed.

[0222] Meanwhile, a plurality of side holes may be formed in the penetration portion (620), and the plurality of side holes are formed by each of the circular side portions of the penetration portion (620), which are spaced apart from each other with one end of the anchor body (640) in between and located on the same horizontal line, being recessed by a predetermined distance in one direction, thereby connecting the one side space and the other side space of the penetration portion (620).

[0223] When the penetration part (620) penetrates the mat (120) and is placed underground, soil flows into the multiple side holes, and the soil flowing into the side holes has the advantage of strengthening the underground fixing force of the anchor (180).

[0224] Referring to FIG. 10, the method for manufacturing a vegetation mat includes a first transplanting step (S910) of transplanting seeds (122) into pulp (121), a second transplanting step (S920) of transplanting a porous composition (123) into pulp (121), a mat manufacturing step (S930) of manufacturing a mat (120), and a cutting and packaging step (S940) of cutting and packaging the mat (120).

[0225] The first transplanting step (S910) is a step of uniformly distributing seeds (122) on the upper surface of the pulp (121), and is intended to ensure rapid germination, uniform distribution, germination stability, and rooting of the seeds (122) [First transplanting step (S910)].

[0226] The method of transplanting seeds (122) into pulp (121) may be a method of mixing pulp (121) and seeds (122) (Slurry Seeding) or a method of applying seeds (122) to the surface of pulp (121) (Surface Seeding) [first transplanting step (S910)].

[0227] The method of mixing pulp (121) and seeds (122) involves using a mechanical mixer or a medium-speed stirrer to mix seeds (122) into a pulp (121) slurry at a mixing speed of 50 to 150 rpm, and then rapidly drying the pulp (121) and seeds (122) [first transplanting step (S910)].

[0228] The method of applying seeds (122) to the surface of the pulp (121) is a method of distributing seeds (122) on the upper surface of the pulp (121), and since the seeds (122) applied to the upper surface of the pulp (121) have the advantage of being easily exposed to light and oxygen and thus capable of rapid germination, the first transplanting step (S910) is preferably a method of applying seeds (122) to the surface of the pulp (121) [first transplanting step (S910)].

[0229] The second transplantation step (S920) is a step of transplanting a porous composition (123) into the pulp (121), and the porous composition (123) applied to the upper surface of the pulp (121) automatically supplies nutrients to the seeds (122) in adjacent locations when exposed to an environment where seeds (122) germinate [second transplantation step (S920)].

[0230] A porous composition (123) having a water-soluble coating layer (123d) composed of oxidized starch formed on its outer surface may be of a size equal to or relatively smaller than the volume of the seed (122) and is applied to the surface of the pulp (121) coated with the seed (122) [second transplanting step (S920)].

[0231] To improve the adhesion between the water-soluble coating layer (123d) and the pulp (121), an oxidized starch solution can be sprayed onto the surface of the pulp (121) and the seed (122) using a spray coating device, and in this case, the adhesion between the pulp (121) and the porous composition (123) is strengthened [second transplantation step (S920)].

[0232] When oxidized starch is coated on the surface of the pulp (121) and the seed (122), there is an advantage of preventing the seed (122) from germinating due to high humidity during the process of storing or transporting the vegetation mat (100) in which the seed (122) is transplanted, and after installing the vegetation mat (100) on the soil, if water is supplied to the vegetation mat (100) at a predetermined level, the oxidized starch coated on the seed (122) dissolves and separates from the seed (122), creating an environment where the seed (122) can germinate [second transplanting step (S920)].

[0233] The mat manufacturing step (S930) is a step of laminating a jute net (124), coir fibers (125), and a coir net (126) on top of a pulp (121) coated with seeds (122) and a porous composition (123), and applying heat and pressure to bond the pulp (121), jute net (124), coir fibers (125), and coir net (126) together [mat manufacturing step (S930)].

[0234] After the mat manufacturing step (S930), the mat manufactured in the mat manufacturing step (S930) is laid on the ground at the site, a hexagonal wire mesh (127) is placed on top of the mat, and a square steel plate (128) is placed on the upper edge of the hexagonal wire mesh (127), and then the mat, the hexagonal wire mesh (127), and the square steel plate (128) are fixed with fixing pins to complete the mat installation.

[0235] In the mat making step (S930), the pulp (121) can be combined with the jute net (124) through a biodegradable adhesive, double-sided tape, sewing, or needle punching, and the seeds (122) and porous composition (123) are fixed between the pulp (121) and the jute net (124) [mat making step (S930)].

[0236] The cutting and packaging step (S940) is a step of cutting the manufactured mat (120) to a size suitable for the installation site of the vegetation mat (100), packaging it together with one of the anchors (140, 160) to complete the vegetation mat (100) so that it is suitable for the installation environment, and then packaging it [cutting and packaging step (S940)].

[0237] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all technical concepts of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications that can replace them may exist at the time of filing this application. Accordingly, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims set forth below rather than by the detailed description. Furthermore, all modifications or variations derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and equivalent concepts should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the present invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0238] 100: Vegetation mat 140, 160, 180: Anchor 200, 240: 1st Wing 300, 340: 2nd Wing 400, 440: 3rd Wing 600, 640: Anchor body

Claims

Claim 1 A vegetation mat comprising a porous body composition and seeds, wherein a porous body comprising granular zeolite, perlite, or bottom ash is coated with a biodegradable coating layer comprising seaweed extract and lignin, and a water-soluble coating layer comprising oxidized starch is further coated on the surface of the biodegradable coating layer; and an anchor comprising an anchor body extending in one direction and a penetration portion formed in the shape of a triangular plate, with a pointed portion facing the extension direction of the anchor body, wherein the penetration portion is a triangular plate having an upper surface located at the top having a relatively larger area than a bottom surface located at the bottom, and the anchor body is manufactured in the shape of a deformed reinforcing bar extending upward with an inclined surface formed at one end, and wherein one end is connected to the center of the side of the penetration portion via welding, bolting, or riveting. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 delete Claim 5 A vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the anchor body is characterized in that the central part extends upward from the upper part of the end portion, passing the upper part of the penetration portion, and the other end extends in one direction from the upper part of the central part. Claim 6 A vegetation mat according to claim 5, characterized in that, in the penetration portion, each of the side portions of the penetration portions, which are spaced apart from one another with one end of the anchor body and are located on the same horizontal line, are sunk in one direction to form a plurality of side holes that connect one side space and the other side space of the penetration portion. Claim 7 A first transplantation step of transplanting seeds into pulp; a second transplantation step of transplanting a porous body composition into the pulp, wherein a porous body comprising granular zeolite, perlite, or bottom ash is coated with a biodegradable coating layer comprising seaweed extract and lignin, and a water-soluble coating layer comprising oxidized starch is further coated on the surface of the biodegradable coating layer; and a mat production step of attaching a net to the pulp at a position spaced apart from the pulp with the seeds and the porous body composition in between. A method for manufacturing a vegetation mat comprising a cutting and packaging step of cutting the mat produced above and packaging it together with an anchor, wherein the anchor comprises an anchor body extending in one direction and a penetration part formed in the shape of a triangular plate and coupled to one end of the anchor body such that a pointed part faces the direction of extension of the anchor body, wherein the penetration part is a triangular plate having an upper surface located at the top that has a relatively larger area than the bottom surface located at the bottom, and wherein the anchor body is manufactured in the shape of a deformed reinforcing bar extending upward with an inclined surface formed at one end, and wherein the one end is coupled to the center of the side of the penetration part through welding, bolting, or riveting. Claim 8 delete

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