Transmittance-variable device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a variable transmittance element, and more specifically, to a variable transmittance element that turns on / off a transparent and opaque state according to the supply of power and adjusts the distance from a transparent electrode layer without using a ball spacer. To this end, a variable transmittance element is disclosed, characterized by comprising: an upper substrate layer that passes light incident from a light source directly or polarizes and passes it; an upper transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper substrate layer; a lower transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer; a lower substrate layer disposed below the lower transparent electrode layer that passes light incident from the upper substrate layer directly or polarizes and passes it; and a space medium layer interposed between the upper transparent electrode layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, wherein a molecular alignment medium is inserted into an intaglio pattern space formed by the pattern to adjust the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers, and the molecular alignment medium is inserted therein to adjust the transmittance of light according to the supply of power and to ensure that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is formed in a desired direction.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a variable transmittance element, and more specifically, to a variable transmittance element that turns on / off a transparent and opaque state according to the supply of power and controls the distance from a transparent electrode layer without using space powder. Background Technology

[0002] Standard Variable Polarized Liquid Crystal (VPC) is a smart window (or smart glass) technology that utilizes polarization properties to control light transparency (or the direction of polarization) via voltage. It can be applied to automotive windows, glass, rearview mirrors, or building frames and windows. This VPC technology allows light to pass through the liquid crystal when the power is 'off', making it visible (transparent), while preventing light from passing through when the power is 'on', making it opaque; conversely, it becomes opaque when 'off' and transparent when 'on'. In other words, by adjusting transmittance (light blocking) based on the power being on or off, it can be applied to buildings or automobiles to provide indoor light blocking, privacy protection, and increased energy efficiency without the need for window tinting.

[0004] Meanwhile, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a variable polarization liquid crystal according to the prior art has a polarizing film, a transparent plastic film, or glass (110, 150), a transparent electrode layer (120, 140), and a liquid crystal layer (130) disposed between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (120, 140). At this time, the liquid crystal layer (130) includes a space along with the liquid crystal to control the cell gap.

[0005] That is, between the upper and lower electrode layers (120, 140), a spacer is used to maintain a constant cell gap. Generally, the spacer consists of spherical insulating resin particles (also known as “ball spacers”), and the ball spacers serve to maintain a uniform gap between the two substrates despite mechanical loads, gravity, external pressure, etc. These ball spacers are uniformly distributed throughout the liquid crystal layer or selectively placed in specific areas to control the cell gap, thereby ensuring stable optical properties and display quality of the liquid crystal layer.

[0006] Here, the following problem occurs because the ball spacer (132) is mixed with the liquid crystal.

[0007] - The ceramic particles within the ball spacers flow, resulting in poor thickness uniformity, which gives the variable polarization liquid crystal a 'mottled' appearance when transparent.

[0008] - As shown in FIG. 2, when glass is used instead of a polarizing film, the curved or bent area is likewise 'mottled' because the ball spacer (132) flows.

[0009] - Finally, there is a problem with poor alignment when initially aligning liquid crystals on a transparent electrode layer. However, as shown in Fig. 3, an alignment layer can be placed on a transparent front layer, and the alignment layer can be made of a thin polymer layer to determine the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. However, even when using a polymer layer, the problem described above is not resolved. Prior art literature

[0010] KR 10-1876986KR 10-2825110KR 10-2025-0119318 The problem to be solved

[0011] Accordingly, the present invention was created to solve the problems described above, and aims to provide a variable or adjustable transmittance element that is incorporated into smart glass technology utilizing liquid crystals.

[0012] However, the objectives of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned objectives will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. means of solving the problem

[0013] The objective of the present invention described above can be achieved by providing a variable transmittance element characterized by comprising: an upper substrate layer that passes light incident from a light source directly or polarized and passes it; an upper transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper substrate layer; a lower transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer; a lower substrate layer disposed below the lower transparent electrode layer that passes light incident from the upper substrate layer directly or polarized and passes it; and a space medium layer interposed between the upper transparent electrode layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, wherein a molecular alignment medium is inserted into an intaglio pattern space formed by the pattern to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers and to achieve molecular alignment according to power supply, thereby controlling the transmittance of light according to power supply and ensuring that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is formed in a desired direction.

[0014] Additionally, the space media layer includes a media orientation base layer interposed between upper and lower transparent electrode layers to ensure that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is achieved in a desired direction, a column pattern space layer arranged to face the media orientation base layer and having a raised pattern formed thereon to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers, and a molecular alignment medium layer into which the molecular alignment medium is inserted in an intaglio pattern space formed in the column pattern space layer.

[0015] In addition, the media orientation base layer is positioned below the upper transparent electrode layer, and the column pattern space layer is positioned between the media orientation base layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, such that the lower surface of the media orientation base layer and the embossed pattern come into contact with each other.

[0016] In addition, the column pattern space layer is positioned below the upper transparent electrode layer, and the media orientation base layer is positioned between the column pattern space layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, such that the upper surface of the media orientation base layer and the embossed pattern come into contact with each other.

[0017] In addition, the media orientation base layer and the column pattern space layer are formed by UV resin.

[0018] In addition, the media orientation base layer is made of a polymer film, and the column pattern space layer is made of UV resin.

[0019] Additionally, the space medium layer comprises an upper column pattern space layer disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer and having a first embossed pattern formed thereon to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers; a lower column pattern space layer disposed below the upper column pattern space layer and having a second embossed pattern formed thereon to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers; and a molecular alignment medium layer in which a molecular alignment medium is inserted into the first and second intaglio pattern spaces formed by the upper and lower column pattern space layers.

[0020] In addition, at least a portion of the first embossed pattern and the second embossed pattern are arranged to be in contact with each other.

[0021] Additionally, the molecular alignment medium of the molecular alignment medium layer is inserted and oriented into a partitioned medium insertion room formed by an intaglio pattern space or a first and second intaglio pattern space.

[0022] Additionally, the partitioned media insertion room formed by the first and second intaglio pattern spaces is partitioned by arranging at least a portion of the first embossed pattern and the second embossed pattern to be in contact with each other, and is formed by the first intaglio pattern and the second intaglio pattern. Effects of the invention

[0023] According to the present invention as described above, there is an effect of controlling the transmittance of light while maintaining a gap with the transparent electrode layer. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0024] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention; therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a VPLC according to the prior art, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a ball spacer according to the prior art flowing within a liquid crystal layer, and FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating the use of a polymer film (PI film) according to the prior art, and FIG. 4 is a diagram roughly showing the configuration of a VPLC according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating a pattern mold according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a column pattern space layer imprinted by the pattern mold in a roll-to-roll device, and FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating liquid crystal inserted and oriented in the space of an intaglio pattern according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a diagram roughly showing the configuration of a VPLC according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a diagram roughly showing the configuration of a VPLC according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a diagram roughly showing the configuration of a VPLC according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 10 and FIGS. 11 are diagrams roughly illustrating the configuration of a VPLC according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0025] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Furthermore, the embodiment described below does not unduly limit the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, and the entire configuration described in this embodiment is not considered essential as a means of solving the present invention. Additionally, descriptions of prior art and matters obvious to those skilled in the art may be omitted, and such omitted descriptions of components (methods) and functions may be sufficiently referenced within the scope that does not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0027] A transmittance variable element according to one embodiment of the present invention is a transmittance variable element that can be applied to smart glass technology using a molecular alignment medium or a mixed medium in which molecules are aligned. Hereinafter, a transmittance variable element according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0029] The transmittance variable element of the present invention can be applied to the following technologies approximately in scale, and is provided as an example but is not limited thereto.

[0030] - VPLC (Variable Polarized Liquid Crystal) is a smart glass technology that changes a polarizing film or glass to be transparent or opaque (transitioning between transparent and opaque states) by adjusting the polarization state of light according to an electric current. Going beyond simple on / off, this implements a tinting effect by utilizing the polarization phenomenon, which allows specific directional components of light to pass through or block them. Variable polarized liquid crystals may use liquid crystals and polarizing films or glass with polarizing films attached.

[0031] - A Suspended Particle Device (SPD) blocks light when there is no electricity and allows light to pass through when electricity is applied. It is a smart window technology that controls transparency by having polarized microparticles repeatedly align or randomly arrange themselves according to an electric field. This method involves placing a film containing polarized particles between two transparent electrodes and controlling the arrangement of the particles through voltage changes to regulate the amount of light transmitted. In this technology, polarized microparticles (polarized particles) and a transparent liquid (suspending medium or liquid suspension) are mixed between two transparent conductive substrates.

[0032] GHLC (Guest-Host Liquid Crystal) is a technology that controls light absorption and transmission by mixing dichroic dye molecules (Guest) into liquid crystal (Host) molecules and changing the alignment direction of the dye depending on whether voltage is applied. The principle is that when no voltage is applied, the dye aligns with the liquid crystal in a specific direction to absorb light and make the liquid dark (opaque); when voltage is applied, the orientation of the liquid crystal changes, disrupting the dye's alignment to allow light to pass through and make it transparent. This technology is created by mixing a dichroic dye (Guest) into the liquid crystal, which is referred to as a dye molecule. It is a technology that changes transparency or color by controlling the absorption rate as the arrangement of the dye molecules changes.

[0034] Smart technologies such as VPLC, SPD, and GHLC as described above may be used in the present invention. Accordingly, in the present invention, not only liquid crystals but also molecular alignment media in which molecules are aligned according to power supply or mixed media in which molecules can be aligned are used. That is, it may be liquid crystals of VPLC, fine particles and transparent liquid of SPD, liquid crystals and dye molecules of GHLC.

[0036] The transmittance variable element of the present invention comprises an upper substrate layer, an upper transparent electrode layer, a space medium layer according to various embodiments, a lower transparent electrode layer, and a lower substrate layer.

[0038] A transmittance variable element according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. The transmittance variable element includes an upper substrate layer (310), an upper transparent electrode layer (320), a space medium layer (330), a lower transparent electrode layer (340), and a lower substrate layer (350).

[0040] The upper and lower substrate layers (310, 350) may be polarizing films or glass to which a polarizing film is attached, but as previously explained, they are not limited to polarizing films or glass substrates. That is, as an example, a substrate that allows incident light to pass through without polarizing it may be used. The upper and lower substrate layers (310, 350) are, as an example, base substrates of a transmittance control element. A light source is incident through the upper substrate layer (310), and the incident light source exits through the lower substrate layer (350) according to transmittance control. As an example of a VPLC, when power is not supplied, the transmittance control element is visible transparently through the space medium layer (330), and when power is supplied, it is visible opaquely through the space medium layer (330).

[0042] The upper transparent electrode layer (320) is laminated on the lower surface of the upper substrate layer (310). The lower transparent electrode layer (340) is laminated on the upper surface of the lower substrate layer (350). Power is supplied to the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (320, 340) as transparent electrode layers. The upper and lower substrate layers (310, 350) may be composed of, for example, ITO electrodes, PEDOT, or AgNw (nanowires).

[0044] A space medium layer is interposed between an upper transparent electrode layer (320) and a lower transparent electrode layer (340). The space medium layer controls the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (320, 340) by means of an embossed pattern. Additionally, a molecular alignment medium or a mixed medium (hereinafter collectively referred to as a liquid crystal as an example) in which molecular alignment occurs according to power supply is inserted into the intaglio pattern space formed by the pattern, thereby controlling the light transmittance (transparent and opaque) according to power supply. Furthermore, the space medium layer ensures that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is formed in a desired direction.

[0046] Referring to FIGS. 4 to 6, the space media layer is described in more detail. The space media layer includes a media orientation base layer, a column pattern space layer, and a molecular alignment media layer. The media orientation base layer is interposed between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (320, 340) so that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment media is achieved in a desired direction. The column pattern space layer has a raised pattern formed thereon to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers and is positioned to face the media orientation base layer. In the molecular alignment media layer, the molecular alignment media is inserted into the intaglio pattern space formed in the column pattern space layer.

[0048] The space medium layer (330) is as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6. Referring to FIG. 4, the space medium layer (330) includes a medium orientation base layer (331), a molecular alignment medium layer (332), and a column pattern space layer (333).

[0050] The media orientation base layer (331) has a thickness of 1 to 10 μm. The media orientation base layer (331) is laminated on the lower surface of the upper transparent electrode layer (32). The media orientation base layer (331) is formed as an insulating layer to ensure that the initial orientation of the liquid crystal is well achieved. As an example, the media orientation base layer (331) can be formed from UV resin by a roll-to-roll equipment. The media orientation base layer (331) is a 'plain' UV resin layer without a pattern or design.

[0052] The column pattern space layer (333) is positioned between the media orientation base layer (331) and the lower transparent electrode layer (340), and is positioned so that the lower surface of the media orientation base layer (331) and the embossed pattern come into contact with each other. That is, the protrusions of the embossed pattern and the lower surface of the media orientation base layer (331) come into contact with each other. Accordingly, a media insertion room (335) is formed in which the liquid crystal of the molecular alignment media layer (332) can be inserted and oriented. The media insertion room (335) is an orientation room in which the liquid crystal can be independently compartmentalized and oriented. Therefore, the liquid crystal is inserted and oriented in the media insertion room (335).

[0053] The spacing between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (320, 340) can be adjusted by controlling the protrusion height of the embossed pattern. Referring to FIG. 5, the width (w) and thickness (t) of the pattern may be approximately 1 to 10 μm, and the distance (d) between the patterns may be approximately 50 to 300 μm. The shape of the pattern may be a standardized pattern or a pattern formed in an irregular (or random) manner.

[0055] Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the column pattern space layer (333) includes a space layer (333a) and a medium alignment layer (333b). The medium alignment layer (333b) serves as the base layer of the column pattern space layer (333), acting as an insulating layer to facilitate the initial alignment of the liquid crystal. The space layer (333a) is formed on the upper surface of the medium alignment layer (333b) and has a raised pattern protruding from it. Additionally, the space layer (333a) also acts as an insulating layer to facilitate the initial alignment of the liquid crystal. However, the space layer (333a) and the medium alignment layer (333b) are described separately for convenience of explanation but are integrally formed with UV resin.

[0057] Meanwhile, the media orientation base layer (331) is imprinted with UV resin by a plain mold in a roll-to-roll feeder, and the column pattern spade layer is imprinted with UV resin by a pattern mold in a roll-to-roll feeder, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0059] A transmittance variable element according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7. The transmittance variable element includes an upper substrate layer (410), an upper transparent electrode layer (420), a space medium layer (430), a lower transparent electrode layer (440), and a lower substrate layer (450). However, except for the space medium layer (430), the description of the first embodiment will be substituted.

[0061] The space medium layer (430) is as illustrated in FIG. 7. Referring to FIG. 7, the space medium layer (430) includes a column pattern space layer (431), a molecular alignment medium layer (432), and a medium orientation base layer (433). The space medium layer (430) according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the same function and configuration as the space medium layer (330) of the first embodiment described above, but differs in its placement location.

[0063] That is, the column pattern space layer (431) is located on top of the space medium layer (430). The column pattern space layer (431) is laminated on the lower surface of the upper transparent electrode layer (420). The medium orientation base layer (433) is laminated on the upper surface of the lower transparent electrode layer (440). Generally, the space medium layer (330) according to the first embodiment may be more advantageous during processing than the space medium layer (430) according to the second embodiment.

[0065] A transmittance variable element according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmittance variable element includes an upper substrate layer (510), an upper transparent electrode layer (520), a space medium layer (530), a lower transparent electrode layer (540), and a lower substrate layer (550). However, except for the space medium layer (530), the description of the first embodiment will be substituted.

[0067] The space medium layer (530) is as illustrated in FIG. 8. Referring to FIG. 8, the space medium layer (530) includes a medium orientation base layer (531), a molecular alignment medium layer (532), and a column pattern space layer (533). At this time, the composition and function of the molecular alignment medium layer (532) and the column pattern space layer (533) are substituted with the description of the first embodiment.

[0069] Here, the media orientation base layer (531) may be a polymer film layer made of a polymer film. The polymer film may be, for example, a polyimide film.

[0070] The polymer film layer is laminated on the lower surface of the upper transparent electrode layer (520). The column pattern space layer (533) is laminated on the upper surface of the lower transparent electrode layer (540).

[0072] A transmittance variable element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmittance variable element includes an upper substrate layer (610), an upper transparent electrode layer (620), a space medium layer (630), a lower transparent electrode layer (640), and a lower substrate layer (650). However, except for the space medium layer (430), the description of the first embodiment will be substituted.

[0074] The space medium layer (630) is as illustrated in FIG. 9. Referring to FIG. 9, the space medium layer (630) includes a column pattern space layer (631), a molecular alignment medium layer (632), and a medium orientation base layer (633). At this time, the function and configuration of the molecular alignment medium layer (632) and the column pattern space layer (633) are substituted with the description of the first embodiment.

[0076] Here, the media orientation base layer (633) may be a polymer film layer made of a polymer film. The polymer film may be, for example, a polyimide film.

[0077] The polymer film layer is laminated on the upper surface of the lower transparent electrode layer (640). The column pattern space layer (631) is laminated on the lower surface of the upper transparent electrode layer (620).

[0079] According to the first embodiment described above, the space media layer (330) is stacked in the order of a media orientation base layer (331) and a column pattern space layer (333).

[0080] According to the second embodiment, the space medium layer (430) is stacked in the order of a column pattern space layer (431) and a medium orientation base layer (433).

[0081] According to the third embodiment, the space medium layer (530) is formed such that the medium orientation base layer (531) is composed of a polymer film layer, and is stacked in the order of the medium orientation base layer (531) and the column pattern space layer (533).

[0082] According to the fourth embodiment, the space media layer (630) is formed such that the media orientation base layer (633) is composed of a polymer film layer, and is stacked in the order of a column pattern space layer (631) and a media orientation base layer (633).

[0083] The liquid crystal of the molecular alignment medium layer according to the first to fourth embodiments is inserted and oriented in the medium insertion room. Additionally, the molecular alignment medium layer is a layer in which the liquid crystal is inserted and oriented in the medium insertion room. The molecular alignment medium layer is formed in the space between the medium orientation layer and the medium orientation base layer of the column pattern space layer. Accordingly, the medium insertion room is also formed in the same space between the medium orientation layer and the medium orientation base layer of the column pattern space layer, with the room partitioned according to the embossed pattern. The size of the medium insertion room can be determined according to the pattern shape of the embossed pattern and the width and height of the pattern.

[0085] A transmittance variable element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10. The transmittance variable element includes an upper substrate layer (710), an upper transparent electrode layer (720), a space medium layer (730), a lower transparent electrode layer (740), and a lower substrate layer (750). However, except for the space medium layer (730), the description of the first embodiment will be substituted.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 10, the space medium layer (730) includes an upper column pattern space layer (731), a molecular alignment medium layer (732), and a lower column pattern space layer (733).

[0089] The upper column pattern space layer (731) is laminated on the lower surface of the upper transparent electrode layer (720), and a first embossed pattern is formed to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (720, 740). The lower column pattern space layer (733) is placed below the upper column pattern space layer (731), and a second embossed pattern is formed to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers (720, 740).

[0091] The upper and lower column pattern space layers (731, 733) have the same function and configuration as the column pattern space layer (333) described in the first embodiment. That is, they are mold imprinted roll-to-roll using UV resin. Additionally, the upper and lower column pattern space layers (731, 733) may have various patterns formed randomly or uniformly formed patterns. In FIG. 10, the first embossed pattern and the second embossed pattern have the same shape, but as previously explained, they do not necessarily have to be identical; it is sufficient if the two embossed patterns can be in contact with each other and allow liquid crystals to be oriented in partitioned rooms.

[0093] The molecular alignment medium layer (732) is a layer in which liquid crystal is inserted and oriented in the first and second negative pattern spaces or media insertion rooms (735) formed by the upper and lower column pattern space layers (731, 733). Referring to FIG. 11, the molecular alignment medium layer (732) is formed in the space between the first media orientation layer (731b) of the upper column pattern space layer (731) and the second media orientation layer (733b) of the lower column pattern space layer (733).

[0095] It is preferable that at least a portion of the first embossed pattern of the first space layer (731a) and the second embossed pattern of the second space layer (733a) be arranged to be in contact with each other. At this time, the degree of contact may mean a state in which the oriented liquid crystal is isolated in the space of each partitioned room or cannot move to another room.

[0097] The partitioned media insertion room (735) formed by the first and second intaglio pattern spaces is independently closed by arranging at least a portion of the first embossed pattern and the second embossed pattern to be in contact with each other, and is formed by the first intaglio pattern and the second intaglio pattern.

[0099] In describing the present invention, prior art and matters obvious to those skilled in the art may be omitted, and descriptions of such omitted components (methods) and functions may be sufficiently referenced within the scope that does not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the components of the present invention described above are explained only for the convenience of explaining the invention, and components not described herein may be added within the scope that does not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0101] The descriptions of the composition and function of each part mentioned above have been explained separately for the sake of convenience of explanation; however, as necessary, any one composition or function may be integrated into another component or implemented in a more subdivided manner.

[0103] Although the present invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, the invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and applications are possible. That is, those skilled in the art will readily understand that many modifications are possible within the scope of the essence of the invention. Furthermore, it should be noted that specific descriptions of known functions and configurations related to the invention, or the combination relationships of each configuration of the invention, have been omitted if it is determined that such descriptions would unnecessarily obscure the essence of the invention. Explanation of the symbols

[0104] 110 : Upper substrate layer 120: Upper transparent electrode layer 130 : Liquid crystal layer 131 : LCD 132 : Ball Spacer 140: Lower transparent electrode layer 150 : Lower substrate layer 210 : Upper substrate layer 220 : Upper transparent electrode layer 230: Upper PI film layer 240 : Liquid crystal layer 250: Lower PI film layer 260 : Lower transparent electrode layer 270 : Lower substrate layer 310 : Upper substrate layer 320: Upper transparent electrode layer 330 : Space Media Layer 331 : Media-oriented base layer or plain layer (plain UV resin layer) 332: Molecular alignment medium layer 333 : Column pattern space layer (patterned UV resin layer) 333a : Space layer 333b : Media orientation layer 335 : Media Insertion Room 340: Lower transparent electrode layer 350 : Lower substrate layer 410 : Upper substrate layer 420: Upper transparent electrode layer 430 : Space Media Layer 431 : Column pattern space layer (patterned UV resin layer) 432: Molecular alignment medium layer 433 : Media-oriented base layer or plain layer (plain UV resin layer) 440: Lower transparent electrode layer 450 : Lower substrate layer 510 : Upper substrate layer 520 : Upper transparent electrode layer 530 : Space Media Layer 531 : Media orientation base layer or smooth layer (PI (polymer) film layer) 532: Molecular alignment medium layer 533 : Column pattern space layer (patterned UV resin layer) 540 : Lower transparent electrode layer 550 : Lower substrate layer 610 : Upper substrate layer 620: Upper transparent electrode layer 630 : Space Media Layer 631 : Column pattern space layer (patterned UV resin layer) 632: Molecular alignment medium layer 633 : Media orientation base layer or smooth layer (PI (polymer) film layer) 640: Lower transparent electrode layer 650 : Lower substrate layer 710 : Upper substrate layer 720 : Upper transparent electrode layer 730 : Space Media Layer 731 : Upper column pattern space layer (1st pattern UV resin layer) 731a : Space layer 731b: Media orientation layer 732: Molecular alignment medium layer 733 : Lower column pattern space layer (2nd pattern UV resin layer) 733a : Space layer 733b : Media orientation layer 735 : Media Insertion Room 740 : Lower transparent electrode layer 750 : Lower substrate layer

Claims

Claim 1 The apparatus comprises an upper substrate layer that passes light incident from a light source directly or passes it after polarization; an upper transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper substrate layer; a lower transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer; a lower substrate layer disposed below the lower transparent electrode layer that passes light incident from the upper substrate layer directly or passes it after polarization; and a space medium layer interposed between the upper transparent electrode layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, wherein a molecular alignment medium is inserted into an intaglio pattern space formed by the pattern to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers and to control the transmittance of the molecular alignment medium according to power supply, and wherein the molecular alignment medium is inserted into the intaglio pattern space formed by the pattern to control the transmittance of the light according to power supply and to ensure that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is formed in a desired direction. The space medium layer comprises a media orientation base layer interposed between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers to ensure that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is formed in a desired direction; a column pattern space layer disposed to face the media orientation base layer and wherein the column pattern is formed to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers; and the column pattern A transmittance variable device characterized by including a molecular alignment medium layer in which a molecular alignment medium is inserted into an intaglio pattern space formed in a space layer. Claim 2 A transmittance variable element according to claim 1, wherein the molecular alignment medium of the molecular alignment medium layer is inserted and oriented in a partitioned medium insertion room formed by the intaglio pattern space. Claim 3 A transmittance variable element according to claim 1, wherein the medium-oriented base layer is disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer, and the column pattern space layer is disposed between the medium-oriented base layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, and wherein the lower surface of the medium-oriented base layer and the embossed pattern are disposed in contact with each other. Claim 4 A transmittance variable element according to claim 1, wherein the column pattern space layer is disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer, and the medium orientation base layer is disposed between the column pattern space layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, and wherein the upper surface of the medium orientation base layer and the embossed pattern are disposed in contact with each other. Claim 5 A transmittance variable device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the medium orientation base layer and the column pattern space layer are formed by UV resin. Claim 6 A transmittance variable device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the medium orientation base layer is formed by a polymer film and the column pattern space layer is formed by a UV resin. Claim 7 The apparatus comprises an upper substrate layer that passes light incident from a light source directly or passes it after polarization; an upper transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper substrate layer; a lower transparent electrode layer disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer; a lower substrate layer disposed below the lower transparent electrode layer that passes light incident from the upper substrate layer directly or passes it after polarization; and a space medium layer interposed between the upper transparent electrode layer and the lower transparent electrode layer, wherein a molecular alignment medium is inserted into an intaglio pattern space formed by the pattern to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers, and wherein the molecular alignment medium is inserted therein to control the transmittance of light according to the power supply and to ensure that the initial orientation of the molecular alignment medium is formed in a desired direction. The space medium layer comprises an upper column pattern space layer disposed below the upper transparent electrode layer and having a first embossed pattern formed therein to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers; and a lower column pattern disposed below the upper column pattern space layer and having a second embossed pattern formed therein to control the distance between the upper and lower transparent electrode layers. A transmittance variable device characterized by including a space layer and a molecular alignment medium layer in which a molecular alignment medium is inserted into first and second negative pattern spaces formed by upper and lower column pattern space layers. Claim 8 A transmittance variable element according to claim 7, characterized in that at least a portion of the first embossed pattern and the second embossed pattern are arranged to be in contact with each other. Claim 9 A transmittance variable element according to claim 7, wherein the molecular alignment medium of the molecular alignment medium layer is inserted and oriented in a partitioned medium insertion room formed by the intaglio pattern space or the first and second intaglio pattern spaces. Claim 10 A transmittance variable element according to claim 9, wherein the partitioned media insertion room formed by the first and second intaglio pattern spaces is partitioned by arranging at least a portion of the first embossed pattern and the second embossed pattern to be in contact with each other, and is formed by the first intaglio pattern and the second intaglio pattern.

Images