Method for estimating nitrogen excretion of pigs

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for estimating nitrogen emissions of pigs. According to the method, by measuring the pig's body weight, daily feed intake, and crude protein content in the feed, the daily fecal nitrogen emissions, daily urinary nitrogen emissions, and daily total nitrogen emissions of pigs can be easily measured, and this can be usefully applied in related industries.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for estimating nitrogen emissions from pigs. Background Technology

[0002] Protein and amino acids in pig feed are essential elements for meeting the nutritional requirements of pigs, and digested and absorbed proteins and amino acids are used for pig growth and enzyme synthesis. However, excess amino acids exceeding the required amount are excreted through feces and urine. This excreted nitrogen can lead to eutrophication of land and rivers. Therefore, it is necessary to include appropriate amounts of protein and amino acids to simultaneously maximize pig productivity and prevent environmental pollution.

[0003] However, measuring nitrogen emissions from pigs requires conducting metabolic experiments, and animal testing has the disadvantage of being labor-intensive and costly. Therefore, if a predictive equation capable of estimating daily nitrogen emissions is developed, emissions can be estimated more quickly.

[0004] Meanwhile, to develop a prediction equation, independent variables that are statistically significantly related to the dependent variable must be used. Therefore, factors related to daily nitrogen emissions in pigs must be investigated. Nitrogen emissions in pigs are directly linked to the balance of amino acids in the feed. Since the balance of amino acids varies depending on the composition of raw materials in the feed, pig manure obtained from pigs fed a feed composition similar to commercially available pig feed must be used to accurately estimate daily nitrogen emissions. However, the composition of raw feed materials used varies according to the pig's growth stage and body weight. Therefore, to accurately estimate daily nitrogen emissions, an equation for estimating daily phosphorus emissions must be developed after measuring nitrogen emissions from pigs of various body weights.

[0005] Accordingly, the inventors developed an equation for estimating the daily nitrogen emissions of pigs by analyzing correlations between pigs of various body weights and various experimental feeds, thereby completing the present invention. The problem to be solved

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a method for estimating nitrogen emissions from pigs using the pig's body weight, daily feed intake, or crude protein content in the feed.

[0007] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a device for estimating nitrogen emissions from pigs using the pig's body weight, daily feed intake, or crude protein content in the feed. means of solving the problem

[0008] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a method for measuring nitrogen emissions comprising the step of measuring the body weight (BW) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig.

[0009] In addition, the present invention provides a method for measuring nitrogen emissions comprising the step of measuring the daily feed intake (FI) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig.

[0010] In addition, the present invention provides a nitrogen emission measuring device comprising a measuring unit for measuring the body weight (BW) and crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig and a calculating unit for calculating nitrogen emission from the body weight and crude protein content of the pig.

[0011] In addition, the present invention provides a nitrogen emission measuring device comprising a measuring unit for measuring the daily feed intake (FI) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig, and a calculating unit for calculating the nitrogen emission amount from the daily feed intake and the crude protein content of the pig.

[0012] The above nitrogen emissions may be daily minute nitrogen emissions, daily urine nitrogen emissions, or daily total nitrogen emissions.

[0013] The nitrogen emission amount may be estimated by substituting the body weight of the pig and the crude protein content in the feed into any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of mathematical formulas 2 to 4.

[0014] The daily feed intake and crude protein content of the above-mentioned pig may be substituted into any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of mathematical formulas 5 to 7 to estimate the nitrogen emissions. Effects of the invention

[0015] According to the estimation method of the present invention, by measuring the body weight, daily feed intake, and crude protein content in the feed of pigs, the daily fecal nitrogen excretion, daily urine nitrogen excretion, and daily total nitrogen excretion of pigs can be easily measured, and this can be usefully applied in related industries. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0016] Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be embodied in various forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein.

[0017] Throughout this specification, when a part is described as "comprising" a certain component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components.

[0018] The present invention provides a method for measuring nitrogen emissions comprising the step of measuring the body weight (BW) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig.

[0019] The above nitrogen discharge may be daily fecal nitrogen discharge, daily urinary nitrogen discharge, or daily total nitrogen discharge, and the body weight of the pig and the crude protein content in the feed may be substituted into any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of the following mathematical formulas 2 to 4.

[0020] [Mathematical Formula 2]

[0021] Daily min nitrogen emissions (g / pig / d) = 1.75 - 0.000823 Х BW 2 + 0.00900 Х BW Х Crude protein content in feed (R 2 = 0.48; P < 0.001);

[0022] [Mathematical Formula 3]

[0023] Daily urinary nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d) = -7.07 - 0.00166 X BW 2 + 0.0380 Х BW Х Crude protein content in feed (R 2 = 0.91; P <0.001); and

[0024] [Mathematical Formula 4]

[0025] Total daily nitrogen emissions (g / pig / d) = -5.31 - 0.00248 Х BW 2 + 0.0470 Х BW Х Crude protein content in feed (R 2 = 0.91; P <0.001).

[0026] In addition, the present invention provides a nitrogen emission measuring device comprising: a measuring unit for measuring the body weight (BW) of a pig and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) in the feed; and a calculating unit for calculating the nitrogen emission amount from the body weight of the pig and the crude protein content in the feed.

[0027] The above nitrogen discharge amount may be daily fecal nitrogen discharge, daily urinary nitrogen discharge, or daily total nitrogen discharge, and may be calculated by substituting the body weight of the pig and the crude protein content in the feed into any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of mathematical formulas 2 to 4.

[0028] In addition, the present invention provides a method for measuring nitrogen emissions comprising the step of measuring the daily feed intake (FI) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig.

[0029] The above nitrogen discharge amount may be daily fecal nitrogen discharge, daily urine nitrogen discharge, or daily total nitrogen discharge, and the daily feed intake and crude protein content in the feed of the pig may be substituted into any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of the following mathematical formulas 5 to 7.

[0030] [Mathematical Formula 5]

[0031] Daily Minute Nitrogen Emissions (g / pig / d) = -2.01 + 4.62 × FI - 1.49 × FI 2 + 0.178 Х FI Х Crude protein content in feed (R 2 = 0.60; P < 0.001);

[0032] [Mathematical Formula 6]

[0033] Daily urinary nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d) = -9.11 - 1.00 Х FI 2 + 0.759 Х FI Х Crude protein content in feed (R 2 = 0.89; P < 0.001); and

[0034] [Mathematical Formula 7]

[0035] Total daily nitrogen emissions (g / pig / d) = -8.32 - 0.686 Х FI 2 + 0.986 Х FI Х Crude protein content in feed (R 2 = 0.93;P <0.001).

[0036] In addition, the present invention provides a nitrogen emission measuring device comprising: a measuring unit for measuring the daily feed intake (FI) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig; and a calculating unit for calculating the nitrogen emission amount from the daily feed intake and the crude protein content of the pig.

[0037] The above nitrogen discharge amount may be daily fecal nitrogen discharge, daily urinary nitrogen discharge, or daily total nitrogen discharge, and may be calculated by substituting the daily feed intake of the pig and the crude protein content in the feed into any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of mathematical formulas 5 to 7.

[0038] The term “feed” in the present invention refers to material(s) that are consumed by animals and contribute energy and / or nutrients to the animals’ diet. Examples of feed include, but are not limited to, total mixed feed (TMR), fodder(s), pellet(s), concentrate(s), premix(s), byproduct(s), grain(s), distiller grain(s), molasses, cellulose(s), fodder(s), grass(s), hay, kernel(s), leaves, meal, soluble material(s), and supplement(s).

[0039] In the present invention, the "%" used to indicate the concentration of a specific substance is (w / w) % for solid / solid, (w / v) % for solid / liquid, and (v / v) % for liquid / liquid, unless otherwise noted.

[0040] The present invention is to be explained in more detail through the following examples, but the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] [실시예 1] 재료 및 방법

[0043] A total of four metabolic experiments were conducted, using 12 castrated boars for each. Starting body weights were 15.2 kg (Experiment 1), 29.9 kg (Experiment 2), 50.2 kg (Experiment 3), and 78.2 kg (Experiment 4), and all were individually fed in metabolic frames. Three types of experimental feed were used per experiment, and the ratios of corn and soybean meal were adjusted to control the protein content in the feed. The experimental feed for Experiment 1 consisted of corn, soybean meal, whey powder, fish meal, and spray-dried plasma protein. The experimental feeds for Experiments 2 and 3 were formulated with corn, soybean meal, corn distiller's dried grains, and rapeseed meal. The experimental feed for Experiment 4 consisted of corn and soybean meal. Refined amino acids were added to all experimental feeds to meet the amino acid requirements of the pigs. In each of the four experiments, 24 samples of feces and urine were collected, and a total of 96 samples of feces and 96 samples of urine were used to calculate and estimate nitrogen emissions.

[0044] The analysis results of the data used to estimate nitrogen emissions are shown in Table 1 below. A correlation analysis was conducted between daily fecal, urinary, and total nitrogen emissions and pig body weight, daily feed intake, crude protein content in the feed, and nitrogen intake. Crude protein content in the feed and pig body weight or daily feed intake were used as independent variables in the development of estimation equations for the estimation of fecal, urinary, and total nitrogen emissions.

[0045] Item N Mean Minimum Maximum SD CV Exp.1 (15-kg pigs) Initial body weight (kg) 24 17.6 13.8 22.8 2.7 15.1 Feed intake (g / d) 24 924 694 1,268 164 17.8 N intake (g / d) 24 25.9 18.5 39.3 5.3 20.4 Fecal N excretion (g / d) 24 3.84 1.63 6.39 1.15 30.0 Urinary N excretion (g / d) 24 4.76 1.53 9.76 2.06 43.2 Total N excretion (g / d) 24 8.61 4.14 16.15 2.78 32.3 Exp. 2 (30-kg pigs) Initial body weight (kg) 24 33.5 27.8 40.9 4.2 12.7 Feed intake (g / d) 24 1,487 1,229 1,841 206 13.8 N intake (g / d) 24 35.7 26.2 49.6 6.1 17.2 Fecal N excretion (g / d) 24 5.55 3.44 7.87 1.34 24.2 Urinary N excretion (g / d) 24 8.64 3.30 13.97 3.12 36.1 Total N excretion (g / d) 24 14.2 7.1 21.8 4.1 28.7 Exp. 3 (50-kg pigs) Initial body weight (kg) 24 54.2 45.3 62.2 4.8 8.8 Feed intake (g / d) 24 2,169 1,812 2,488 190 8.7 N intake (g / d) 24 52.0 40.8 67.1 7.1 13.7 Fecal N excretion (g / d) 24 7.24 4.81 9.12 1.05 14.5 Urinary N excretion (g / d) 24 20.1 9.6 27.4 4.5 22.4 Total N excretion (g / d) 24 27.3 16.6 36.2 5.2 19.2 Exp. 4 (80-kg pigs) Initial body weight (kg) 24 81.8 71.1 89.3 5.4 6.6 Feed intake (g / d) 24 2,453 2,133 2,679 163 6.6 N intake (g / d) 24 51.9 39.1 64.8 7.2 13.8 Fecal N excretion (g / d) 24 5.55 3.74 8.66 1.18 21.3 Urinary N excretion (g / d) 24 22.5 12.8 33.5 6.0 26.9 Total N excretion (g / d) 24 28.0 17.7 38.9 6.3 22.5 SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of variation.

[0047] To estimate the body weight of pigs by age, the growth model developed by Ahn et al. (2023) (Equation 1) was used, and 7 kg and 121.5 kg were calculated to be reached when the pigs are 27 days old and 180 days old, respectively (Ahn et al., 2023). After estimating the nitrogen emissions from 22 days old to 180 days old, the daily emissions were estimated by averaging them.

[0049]

[0051] Fecal, urinary, and total nitrogen emissions were calculated using the body weight prediction equation and the nitrogen emission estimation prediction equation for pigs according to age. To measure nitrogen emissions according to changes in crude protein content in the feed, nitrogen emissions were calculated by dividing the pigs into high-protein, medium-protein, and low-protein groups. The crude protein content in the feed of the high-protein group was 20%, 18%, 16%, and 14% (as-fed basis) for pigs weighing 7-11 kg, 11-25 kg, 25-65 kg, and 65-121.5 kg, respectively. The crude protein content in the feed of the medium-protein and low-protein groups was set 1% (19%, 17%, 15%, and 13%) and 2% (18%, 16%, 14%, and 12%) lower than that of the high-protein group, respectively.

[0053] [실시예 2] 질소 배출량 추정 수학식 도출

[0054] Based on the results of four animal experiments, the correlations between pig body weight, daily feed intake, crude protein content in feed, nitrogen intake, daily fecal nitrogen excretion, daily urinary nitrogen excretion, and daily total nitrogen excretion were analyzed and are shown in Table 2 below. Pig body weight showed a significant positive correlation with nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen excretion, urinary nitrogen excretion, and total nitrogen excretion. P Nitrogen intake had a significant positive correlation with feces, urine, and total nitrogen excretion ( P Total nitrogen emissions had a significant positive correlation with fecal and urinary nitrogen emissions ( P < 0.001).

[0055] Item Bodyweight Feedintake Dietary CPconcentration N intake Fecal Nexcretion Urinary Nexcretion Feed intake 0.96 *** - - - - - Dietary CPconcentration -0.59 *** -0.53 *** - - - - N intake 0.84 *** 0.92 *** -0.41 *** - - - Fecal Nexcretion 0.42 *** 0.57 *** -0.14 0.56 *** - - Urinary Nexcretion 0.86 *** 0.89 *** -0.32 ** 0.81 *** 0.59 *** - Total Nexcretion 0.83 *** 0.89 *** -0.31 ** 0.82 *** 0.69 *** 0.99 *** ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. 1 A pig was considered as an experimental unit (n = 96).

[0057] Accordingly, based on the body weight (BW, kg) and crude protein content (dietary CP concentration, %) of pigs, prediction equations for fecal nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d; Equation 2), urinary nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d; Equation 3), and total nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d; Equation 4) were developed.

[0059]

[0061]

[0063]

[0065] In addition, based on the daily feed intake (FI, kg / d) and crude protein content (dietary CP concentration, %) of pigs, prediction equations for fecal nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d; Equation 5), urinary nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d; Equation 6), and total nitrogen excretion (g / pig / d; Equation 7) were developed.

[0067]

[0069]

[0071]

[0073] Therefore, by substituting the crude protein content in the feed and the body weight or daily feed intake of the pig into the above mathematical formula, the daily fecal nitrogen excretion, daily urinary nitrogen excretion, and daily total nitrogen excretion can be estimated.

[0074] In addition, the daily fecal nitrogen excretion of domestic fattening pigs fed a high-protein diet, estimated using the aforementioned developed nitrogen excretion prediction equation and age-specific body weight prediction equation, is 5.63 g / pig / d, and the daily urinary nitrogen excretion is 17.5 g / pig / d. In addition, the total daily nitrogen emission was calculated to be 23.1 g / pig / d, and the annual fecal nitrogen emission of domestic fattening pigs fed a high-protein diet was 2.06 kg / pig / yr, and the annual urinary nitrogen emission was 6.38 kg / pig / yr. And the total daily nitrogen emissions were calculated to be 8.44 kg / pig / yr.

Claims

Claim 1 A method for measuring nitrogen emissions comprising the step of measuring the body weight (BW) and crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig, wherein the nitrogen emissions are daily fecal nitrogen emissions, daily urinary nitrogen emissions, or daily total nitrogen emissions, and wherein the nitrogen emissions are calculated using any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of the following mathematical formulas 2 to 4: [Mathematical Formula 2] ;[Mathematical Formula 3] ; and [Mathematical Formula 4] . Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 A nitrogen emission measuring device comprising: a measuring unit for measuring the body weight (BW) and crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig; and a calculating unit for calculating nitrogen emission from the body weight and crude protein content of the pig, wherein the nitrogen emission is daily fecal nitrogen emission, daily urinary nitrogen emission, or daily total nitrogen emission, and the nitrogen emission is calculated using any one mathematical formula selected from the group consisting of the following mathematical formulas 2 to 4: [Mathematical Formula 2] ;[Mathematical Formula 3] ; and [Mathematical Formula 4] . Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete Claim 7 A method for measuring nitrogen emissions comprising the step of measuring the daily feed intake (FI) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig, wherein the nitrogen emissions are daily fecal nitrogen emissions, daily urinary nitrogen emissions, or daily total nitrogen emissions, and the nitrogen emissions are calculated using any one of the mathematical formulas selected from the group consisting of the following mathematical formulas 5 to 7: [Mathematical Formula 5] ;[Mathematical Formula 6] ; and [Mathematical Formula 7] . Claim 8 delete Claim 9 delete Claim 10 A nitrogen emission measuring device comprising: a measuring unit for measuring the daily feed intake (FI) and the crude protein content (dietary CP concentration) of a pig; and a calculating unit for calculating the nitrogen emission amount from the daily feed intake and the crude protein content of the pig, wherein the nitrogen emission amount is a daily fecal nitrogen emission amount, a daily urinary nitrogen emission amount, or a daily total nitrogen emission amount, and the nitrogen emission amount is calculated using any one mathematical formula selected from the group consisting of the following mathematical formulas 5 to 7: [Mathematical Formula 5] ;[Mathematical Formula 6] ; and [Mathematical Formula 7] . Claim 11 delete Claim 12 delete

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