electromagnetic waveguide

Abstract

An electromagnetic device according to one embodiment comprises: a first part having an electromagnetic signal feed; and a second part disposed on the first part, wherein the second part comprises a shaped metal form having at least one shaped metal cavity, and the second part further comprises a dielectric medium disposed within each of the at least one shaped metal cavity, so that the shape of each dielectric medium may correspond to the corresponding shape of the at least one shaped metal cavity.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] Cross-reference regarding related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Application 17 / 942,896 filed September 12, 2022 and U.S. Provisional Application 63 / 243,995 filed September 14, 2021, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Technology

[0003] The present invention generally relates to electromagnetic (EM) devices, in particular to electromagnetic waveguides, and more specifically to dielectric-loaded electromagnetic waveguides.

[0004] Electromagnetic waveguides are generally well known in the field of electromagnetic field theory and related devices.

[0005] While conventional electromagnetic waveguides may be suitable for their intended purposes, there is a demand for electromagnetic waveguides that provide improved performance while reducing their size.

[0006] An embodiment includes an electromagnetic device as defined in the appended independent claims.

[0007] Additional advantageous variations of the electromagnetic device are defined by the appended dependent claims.

[0008] One embodiment includes an electromagnetic device, the electromagnetic device comprising: a first portion having a first mating surface; and a second portion having a second mating surface adapted to be disposed on the first mating surface of the first portion; the first portion having an overall height (H1), the first portion comprising an open-top structure that contains air, has a depth (d1) where d1<H1, is provided with at least one top-down cavity, and has a top surface profile; each of the at least one top-down cavity has corresponding sidewalls, the externally exposed surfaces of the at least one top-down cavity with the corresponding sidewalls comprise an electrical conductor, a corresponding part of the at least one top-down cavity with the corresponding sidewalls forms a lower portion of an air waveguide (AWG), the second portion has an overall height (H2), the second portion comprises: a bottom surface profile adapted to mate with the top surface profile of the first portion; a top surface profile having a bottom corresponding to a depth (d2) where d2<H2, and provided with at least one top-down recess; a lower opening at the bottom of each of the at least one top-down recess; each of the at least one top-down recess is at least partially filled with a dielectric medium that covers the corresponding lower opening and has a relative permittivity greater than that of air, and a part of the bottom surface profile adjacent to each lower opening comprises an electrical conductor and forms an upper portion of the air waveguide (AWG).

[0009] One embodiment includes an electromagnetic device, wherein the electromagnetic device includes a first part comprising an electromagnetic signal feed; and a second part disposed on the first part, wherein the second part comprises a shaped metal form having at least one shaped metal cavity, and the second part further comprises a dielectric medium disposed within each of the at least one shaped metal cavity, wherein the shape of each dielectric medium has a 3D shape corresponding to the shape of the at least one shaped metal cavity.

[0010] One embodiment includes an electromagnetic device, wherein the electromagnetic device comprises: an electromagnetic signal feed; an air waveguide (AWG) positioned for signal communication with the electromagnetic signal feed; and at least one dielectric load launcher positioned for signal communication between the electromagnetic signal feed and the air waveguide.

[0011] One embodiment includes an electromagnetic device, wherein the electromagnetic device comprises: an electromagnetic signal feed; an air waveguide comprising a plurality of antenna ports, wherein the air waveguide comprises a plurality of antenna ports and an electromagnetic distribution network disposed for signal communication between the plurality of antenna ports and the electromagnetic signal feed, and wherein the electromagnetic distribution network provides a power distribution signal path between the electromagnetic signal feed and a corresponding port among the plurality of antenna ports; and a plurality of dielectric load media disposed at the plurality of antenna ports and disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of antenna ports.

[0012] One embodiment includes an electromagnetic device, wherein the electromagnetic device comprises: a first part; wherein the first part comprises: an air waveguide having an inner surface that is electrically conductive; a ridge projection extending longitudinally within the air waveguide, wherein the ridge projection has an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide; and a plurality of first wall projections extending at least partially across a gap between an upper surface and a lower surface of the air waveguide, wherein the plurality of first wall projections are disposed on one side of the ridge projection and distributed in a direction parallel to the ridge projection, and wherein the plurality of first wall projections have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide. The plurality of second wall protrusions extending at least partially across the gap between the upper surface and the lower surface of the air waveguide, wherein the plurality of second wall protrusions are disposed on the side opposite to the ridge protrusion and are distributed in a direction parallel to the ridge protrusion, and the plurality of second wall protrusions have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide; and the upper surface of the air waveguide comprises: a first hole disposed between the plurality of first wall protrusions on the first side of the ridge protrusion and the ridge protrusion, and a second hole disposed between the plurality of second wall protrusions on the second side opposite to the ridge protrusion and the ridge protrusion, wherein the second hole is disposed longitudinally with respect to the first hole along the length of the air waveguide so that the first hole and the second hole do not face each other directly from each of the opposite sides of the ridge protrusion.

[0013] One embodiment includes an electromagnetic device, wherein the electromagnetic device includes an air waveguide, and the air waveguide includes an extended housing having a continuous arrangement of a bottom, a first wall, a ceiling, and a second wall when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide, wherein the bottom, the first wall, the ceiling, and the second wall each comprise an electrically conductive material, and the housing has a distance (H) between the bottom and the ceiling; and, when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide, a bottom and an extended ridge centrally disposed extending from the bottom, wherein the outer surface of the ridge comprises an electrically conductive material, and the ridge has a height (h), h <H인, 상기 릿지; 상기 공기 도파관의 제 1 단부에 배치되는 제 1 신호 포트; 상기 공기 도파관의 제 2 단부에 배치되고, 상기 제 1 단부로부터 이격되어 배치되는 제 2 신호 포트; 상기 제 1 신호 포트에서 상기 바닥과 상기 릿지를 통해 연속적으로 연장되는 제 1 구멍; 및 상기 제 2 신호 포트에서 상기 바닥과 상기 릿지를 통해 연속적으로 연장되는 제 2 구멍을 포함한다.

[0014] The above features and advantages, and other features and advantages of the present invention, can be easily understood from the following detailed description in conjunction with the attached drawings. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0015] Refer to the exemplary, non-limiting drawings in which similar elements in the attached drawings are assigned the same number: FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate the same front cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment; FIGS. 2a and FIGS. 2b respectively show the rotational equal angle of a partially assembled assembly of the upper part of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 1a and the rotational equal angle of a completed assembly of the upper part of the exemplary electromagnetic device of FIG. 1a. FIGS. 3a and FIGS. 3b respectively illustrate an exploded assembly view in which an exemplary upper part of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 2a is extended together with an exemplary lower part of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 1a, and a drawing of the completed assembly of FIG. 2b according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 illustrates a rotated isometric view of an expanded assembly exploded view of the upper and lower parts according to another embodiment of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 1a. FIGS. 5A and FIGS. 5B respectively illustrate a rotational isometric view of an electromagnetic device having a feed structure similar to but different from FIG. 4 and a perspective view of a finished assembly corresponding to the embodiment of FIG. 5A; FIG. 6 shows a front cross-sectional view of the lower part of an electromagnetic device according to a partially assembled embodiment, similar to FIG. 1a but having a dielectric load signal supply port. FIGS. 7a and 7b respectively illustrate a rotated isometric view and a front cross-sectional view of waveguide layers of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment. FIGS. 8a and FIGS. 8b respectively illustrate a plan view and a front cross-sectional view of an exemplary lower and upper part of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment similar to FIG. 1a. FIGS. 9a and FIGS. 9b each illustrate an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment that is similar to FIGS. 8a and FIGS. 8b but has a coaxial signal feed. FIGS. 10a and FIGS. 10b respectively illustrate rotational equal angles and rotational perspective equal angles of a lower part and an upper part of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment similar to FIG. 1a, wherein the upper part is shown in a normal view in FIG. 10a and is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 10b. FIGS. 11a, 11b, and 11c respectively illustrate a plan view, a first front cross-sectional view, and a second front cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 10a. FIGS. 12a and FIGS. 12b respectively illustrate a rotational equal angle and a front cross-sectional view of the lower part of an exemplary electromagnetic device according to an embodiment. FIGS. 13a, 13b, and 13c each show a plan view, a first rotational equal angle, and a second rotational equal angle illustrating EM performance characteristics of a lower part of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment having a power divider junction. FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b respectively illustrate a plan view and a rotational perspective isometric view of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment that is similar to FIGS. 13a and FIGS. 13b but includes a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and a lens. FIG. 15 illustrates the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment of FIG. 14a and FIG. 14b having a coaxial feed at the junction. FIG. 16 shows a front cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 14a and FIG. 14b having a cross-section along the coupling slots. FIG. 17 illustrates the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 15. FIG. 18 illustrates the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 15. FIGS. 19a, 19b, and 19c illustrate various performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 15; FIG. 20 is a drawing illustrating the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 19a; FIG. 21 illustrates the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 19a. FIGS. 22a and FIGS. 22b each illustrate an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment that is similar to FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b, but has an input port signal feed and a slot-type output signal feed in the middle of a waveguide. FIG. 23 illustrates the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 22a and FIG. 22b. FIG. 24 is a drawing illustrating the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 22a and FIG. 22b; FIGS. 25a and 25b respectively illustrate a front view and a rotational isometric view of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment having a single waveguide having a dielectric load material and related performance characteristics, similar to FIGS. 19a-19c. FIG. 26 illustrates an electromagnetic device and other related performance characteristics according to one embodiment of FIG. 25b. FIG. 27 illustrates the performance characteristics of an electromagnetic device according to one embodiment of FIG. 26. FIGS. 28a, 28b, and 28c respectively illustrate a plan view, a front view, and a rotational perspective isometric view of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment similar to FIGS. 8a and 8b but having a dielectric load waveguide, along with related performance characteristics. People skilled in the art will understand that the attached drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only. It should be understood that, for the sake of simplicity and clarity of the city, the elements shown on the drawing are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the size or scale of some elements may be exaggerated compared to others for clarity. Additionally, where deemed appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated between the drawings to denote corresponding or similar elements, and similar elements may not be repeatedly enumerated in all drawings but may be recognized by those skilled in the art as being explicitly disclosed. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0016] As used herein, the term “Examples” means “Examples disclosed and / or described herein,” which do not necessarily include specific embodiments of the invention according to the appended claims, but are nevertheless provided herein as useful for a complete understanding of the invention according to the appended claims.

[0017] Although the following detailed description contains many details for illustrative purposes, a person skilled in the art will understand that many variations and changes to the following details are within the scope of the appended claims.

[0018] For example, where a described feature may not be mutually exclusive with other described features, such combination of non-mutually exclusive features is deemed to be essentially disclosed in this document.

[0019] In addition, common features may be illustrated in various drawings, but for the sake of simplification, they may not be specifically listed in all drawings, and a person skilled in the art may recognize that they are explicitly disclosed features even if they are not listed in a specific drawing.

[0020] Accordingly, the following embodiments are described without loss of generality to the claimed invention disclosed herein and without limitation.

[0021] As illustrated and described in the various drawings and attached description, one embodiment comprises an electromagnetic apparatus (EM apparatus) as an assembled assembly having a first lower part and a second upper part, wherein the first part and the second part form an air waveguide (AWG), and the air waveguide includes a dielectric load strategically placed to improve performance.

[0022] FIG. 1a illustrates a front cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic device (100) according to one embodiment, comprising a first (lower) part (200) having a first coupling surface (202) and a second (upper) part (300) having a second coupling surface (302) configured to be positioned in the direction of an arrow (102) on the first coupling surface (202) of the first part (200).

[0023] The second part (300) is attached to the first and second surfaces (202, 302) of the first part (200).

[0024] The first part (200) has a total height (H1).

[0025] In an embodiment according to one embodiment, the first part (200) has an open-top structure (204) having an upper surface profile (206) having at least one top-down cavity (208) with air.

[0026] At least one top-down cavity (208) has a depth (d1), and d1 <H1이다.

[0027] At least one top-down cavity (208) has corresponding side walls (210), and the external exposed surfaces (212) of at least one top-down cavity (208) having corresponding side walls (210) are manufactured so that an electrical conductor is placed thereon or an electrically conductive surface is placed thereon.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first part (200) is formed of metallized plastic.

[0029] In one embodiment, the corresponding parts of at least one top-down cavity (208) having corresponding side walls (210) form the lower part (214) of the air waveguide (400, AWG).

[0030] The second part (300) has a total height (H2).

[0031] In one embodiment, the second part (300) comprises a lower surface profile (302) configured to be mechanically coupled with the upper surface profile (206) of the first part (200), and d2 <H2인 깊이 (d2)에서 대응하는 바닥(308)을 갖는 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 리세스(306, top-down recess)를 구비하는 상부 표면 프로파일(304)을 포함한다.

[0032] In one embodiment, the second part (300) further includes a bottom opening (310) in the bottom (308) of each of at least one top-down recess (306).

[0033] In one embodiment, each of at least one top-down recess (306) is at least partially filled with a dielectric medium (312) having a relative dielectric constant greater than that of air covering the corresponding lower opening (310).

[0034] In one embodiment, the dielectric medium (312) is placed and adhered to the bottom (308) by an adhesive (104), wherein the corresponding dielectric medium (312), the adhesive (104), or a combination of the dielectric medium (312) and the adhesive (104) is placed on the corresponding bottom (308) of each top-down recess (306) and is located at each lower opening (310) on the corresponding bottom (308).

[0035] In one embodiment, a portion of the lower surface (302) profile adjacent to each lower opening (310) is manufactured so that an electrical conductor or an electrically conductive surface is disposed thereon, or an electrically conductive surface is disposed thereon, and forms the upper part of the air waveguide (400).

[0036] In one embodiment, the second part (300) is formed of metallized plastic.

[0037] In one embodiment, the dielectric medium (312) may be a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), a lens or an electromagnetic beam shaper, or a load dielectric for impedance matching or other performance enhancements.

[0038] In one embodiment, one or both of the first part and the second part may be formed as a composite of a plurality of parts attached to each other.

[0039] In one embodiment, each top-down recess (306) comprises a wall (314) that substantially or completely surrounds each of the dielectric media (312) disposed therein, and the surface of at least one top-down recess (306) having a corresponding periphery wall (314) and a corresponding bottom (308) is manufactured to have an electrical conductor or an electrically conductive surface disposed therein or otherwise disposed therein.

[0040] In one embodiment, the surrounding wall (314) of each top-down recess (306) having an electric conductor forms an electric conductive electromagnetic reflector (hereinafter referred to as 306), which substantially or completely surrounds the dielectric medium (312) placed within the top-down recess (306).

[0041] FIG. 1b is a front cross-sectional view identical to FIG. 1a, and although it is drawn independently of FIG. 1a for clarity, it will be understood by a person skilled in the art as supplementing FIG. 1a, and similar features here should be seen as being given the same reference numerals.

[0042] In one embodiment, and in addition to the description of FIG. 1, with reference to FIG. 1a, the first part (200) further comprises an interlocking engagement feature (214) on the upper surface (refer to the first coupling surface (202)) of the corresponding side wall (refer to the externally exposed surface (212)) of at least one top-down cavity (208), and the second part (300) further comprises a complementary interlocking engagement element (316) configured to be coupled with the corresponding interlocking engagement feature (214) of the first part (200) on the lower surface (refer to the lower surface profile (302)) of the second part (300) adjacent to the interlocking engagement feature (214) of the first part (200).

[0043] In one embodiment, the mutual coupling portion (214) of the first part (200) forms an engagement recess, and the complementary mutual coupling element (316) of the second part (300) forms an engagement projection that is structurally configured to fit well with the engagement recess (214) of the first part (200).

[0044] In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b together, the first portion (200) also has a height (H1) and includes a ridge projection (216) disposed within each of at least one top-down cavity (208) (where H1 <D1), 릿지 돌출부(216)는 예를 들어 측면 및 상부에 전기 전도성 표면(218)을 포함한다.

[0045] In one embodiment, each ridge protrusion (216) is arranged in a structural relationship facing one of the lower openings (310) of the bottom (308) of each of at least one top-down recess (306) of the second part (300).

[0046] In one embodiment, each lower opening (310) at the bottom (308) of each of at least one top-down recess (306) forms an electromagnetic signal feed aperture (EM signal feed aperture).

[0047] In one embodiment, each dielectric medium (312) is integrally connected to another adjacent dielectric medium of the dielectric medium (312) by a relatively thin connecting structure (318) to form a monolithic dielectric medium structure.

[0048] In one embodiment, the relatively thin connecting structure (318) has an overall height dimension smaller than the overall height dimension of the dielectric medium (312) and an overall depth dimension smaller than the overall depth dimension of the dielectric medium (312) (inside the plane of FIG. 1b).

[0049] In one embodiment, the overall height and overall depth dimensions of the relatively thin connecting structure (318) are smaller than λ, where λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency of the electromagnetic device (100).

[0050] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) operates in a frequency range of 1 GHz or more and 1,000 GHz or less; alternatively, 8 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less; and alternatively, 50 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less.

[0051] In one embodiment, the second part (300) is formed entirely of metal, formed of a metal-coated dielectric material, or formed of a metal-coated molded or 3D-printed dielectric material.

[0052] Now, referring to FIGS. 2a-2b together with the aforementioned drawings, FIGS. 2a-2b illustrates two rotational equal angles at various assembly stages of the exemplary upper second part (300) of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 1a.

[0053] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) has tapered sidewalls (320) in which each of at least one top-down recess (306) of the second part (300) taperes inwardly from top to bottom, and each dielectric medium (312) has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to one tapered sidewall (320) of the at least one top-down recess (306).

[0054] In one embodiment, each dielectric medium (312) has a three-dimensional shape in the form of a trapezoidal prism.

[0055] In one embodiment, each dielectric medium (312) has a relative dielectric constant of 2 or more and 15 or less.

[0056] Now, referring to FIGS. 3a through 5b together with the drawings described above, FIGS. 3a-5b illustrates an exemplary upper second part (300) of FIG. 1: FIGS. 3a-3b illustrates an extended assembly view of the exemplary upper second part (300) of FIGS. 2a-2b together with the lower first part (200) of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 1a, FIG. 4 illustrates a rotated isometric view of an extended assembly view of another exemplary first and second part (200, 300) of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 1a, FIGS. 5a-5b illustrates a drawing of an electromagnetic device (100) similar to FIG. 4 but having an alternative supply feed described later.

[0057] In one embodiment, the first part (100) includes an electromagnetic signal feed (250, EM signal feed), and the second part (300) is disposed on the first part (200), wherein the second part (300) has a shaped metallized form having at least one shaped metal cavity or top-down recess (306), and the second part (300) also includes a dielectric medium (312) disposed within each of the at least one shaped metal cavity (306), and each dielectric medium (312) has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the shape of the at least one shaped cavity (306).

[0058] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic signal feed (250) of the first part (200) is an electromagnetic waveguide (EM waveguide), each of at least one shaped metallized cavity (306) of the second part (300) has a lower opening (310) (as well illustrated in FIG. 1a), and the upper surface (252) of the first part (200) has an electrically conductive surface having at least one hole (254) positioned in a one-to-one correspondence with each lower opening (310) of the second part (300).

[0059] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic signal feed (250) of the first part (200) is a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW).

[0060] Referring particularly to FIG. 4, in another embodiment, the second part (300) includes an electromagnetic signal feed structure (350, EM signal feed structure) arranged to communicate with each of at least one shaped metallized cavity (306), and the first part (200) includes an electromagnetic signal feed input (260, EM signal feed input) arranged to communicate with the electromagnetic signal feed structure (350) of the second part (300).

[0061] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic signal feed structure (350) of the second part (300) includes air or a dielectric material other than air.

[0062] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic signal feed input (260) of the first part (200) is one of the slotted hole of the SIW (e.g., see FIG. 4) or the coaxial cable (e.g., see FIG. 5a-5b).

[0063] Now, referring to FIG. 6 together with the drawings described above, a front cross-sectional view of an exemplary lower first part (200) of an electromagnetic device (100) that is similar to FIG. 1a but equipped with a dielectric loaded signal feed port (260) will be described.

[0064] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) comprises an electromagnetic signal feed (250), an air waveguide (400, AWG) positioned to communicate with the electromagnetic signal feed (250), and at least one dielectric loaded launch (500, dielectric loaded launch) positioned to communicate with the electromagnetic signal feed (250), and the air waveguide (400) is positioned between the electromagnetic signal feed (250) and the air waveguide (400). In one embodiment, the air waveguide (400) has a signal input port (260) positioned to communicate with the electromagnetic signal feed (250), and at least one dielectric loaded launch (500) is positioned at the signal input port (260).

[0065] In one embodiment, each of at least one dielectric load launch (500) includes a dielectric having a relative dielectric constant of 2 or more and 15 or less.

[0066] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic signal feed (250) includes a plurality of transmitting channels (270) or receiving channels (275) (best illustrated with reference to FIG. 7a-7b), and each of at least one dielectric load launch (500) is arranged to signal communicate between an air waveguide (400) and a corresponding one of the plurality of transmitting or receiving channels (270, 275).

[0067] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic signal feed (250) includes an RF chip, SIW, microstrip, strip line, slotted hole, or patch.

[0068] Now, refer to FIG. 7a-7b, which illustrates a rotational equal angle and front cross-sectional view of the waveguide layers (452) of an exemplary electromagnetic device (100), together with the drawings described above.

[0069] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) comprises an air waveguide (500) having an electromagnetic signal feed (250) and a plurality of antenna ports (270, 275), an electromagnetic divider network (460, EM divider network) arranged for signal communication between the electromagnetic signal feed (250) and the plurality of antenna ports (270, 275) and providing a power distribution signal path between the electromagnetic signal feed (250) and corresponding antenna ports (270, 275), and a plurality of dielectric loaded media (500, dielectric loaded medium) arranged in a one-to-one corresponding relationship with the plurality of antenna ports (270, 275) (best illustrated in FIG. 7a and 7b).

[0070] Now, reference is made to FIGS. 8a through 11c together with the aforementioned drawings. FIGS. 8a and 8b respectively illustrate a plan view and a front cross-sectional view of an exemplary lower and upper portion of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment similar to FIG. 1a, FIGS. 9a and 9b respectively illustrate an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment similar to FIGS. 8a and 8b but having a coaxial signal feed, FIGS. 10a and 10b respectively illustrate a rotational equiangular view and a rotational perspective equiangular view of the lower portion and upper portion of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment similar to FIG. 1a, where the upper portion is shown in a solid view and in FIG. 10b, where it is shown in a perspective view, FIGS. 11a through 11c respectively illustrate a plan view and a front cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 10a and 10b.

[0071] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) comprises a first part (200) and a second part (300) disposed in the first part (200), the first part (200) comprises an air waveguide (400) having an electrically conductive inner surface and a ridge projection (216) extending in the longitudinal direction (lengthwise direction) within the air waveguide (400) (as viewed in the plane of FIG. 8b), and the ridge projection (216) has an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide (400).

[0072] The first part (200) also comprises: a plurality of first wall projections (280, wall projections) extending at least partially across the gap (220) between the upper surface (222) and the lower surface (224) of the air waveguide (400), and a plurality of second wall projections (285) extending at least partially across the gap (220) between the upper surface (222) and the lower surface (224) of the air waveguide (400), wherein the plurality of first wall projections (280) are positioned on one side of the ridge projection (216) and distributed along a direction parallel to the ridge projection (216) (i.e., when viewed from the plan view of FIG. 8a), the plurality of first wall projections (280) have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide (400), and the plurality of second wall projections (285) are on the opposite side of the ridge projection (216). A plurality of second wall protrusions (285) are arranged and distributed along a direction parallel to the ridge protrusion (216) (i.e., when viewed from the plan view of FIG. 8a), and have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide (400).

[0073] In one embodiment, the upper / top surface (222) of the air waveguide (400) includes a first hole (310.1) disposed between a plurality of first wall protrusions (280) on the first side of the ridge protrusion (216) and the ridge protrusion (216), and a second hole (310.2) disposed between a plurality of first wall protrusions (280) on the opposite other side (second side) of the ridge protrusion (216) and the ridge protrusion (216).

[0074] In one embodiment, the second hole (310.2) is displaced longitudinally along the length of the air waveguide (400) relative to the first hole (310.1) (as shown in the plan view of FIG. 8a), so that the first and second holes (310.1, 310.2) are installed so that they do not directly cross each other on opposite sides of the ridge protrusion (216).

[0075] In one embodiment, a plurality of first wall protrusions (280) include a first row of wall protrusions (280.1) that extend only partially from the bottom surface (224) of the air waveguide (400) toward the upper surface (222) of the air waveguide (400), and a second row of wall protrusions (280.2) that extend only partially from the upper surface (222) of the air waveguide (400) toward the bottom surface (224) of the air waveguide (400), and a plurality of second wall protrusions (285) include a third row of wall protrusions (285.1) that extend only partially from the upper surface (222) of the air waveguide (400) toward the lower surface (222) of the air waveguide (400), and a third row of wall protrusions (285.1) that extend only partially from the lower surface (224) of the air waveguide (400) toward the upper surface (222) of the air waveguide (400). It includes wall protrusions (285.2) of the fourth column that are only partially extended.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first row of wall projections (280.1) is located on the outer side of the second row of wall projections (280.2) with respect to the ridge projection (216), and the fourth row of wall projections (285.2) is located on the outer side of the third row of wall projections (285.1) with respect to the ridge projection (216).

[0077] In one embodiment, the ridge projection (216) is a metal-coated dielectric material.

[0078] In one embodiment, referring specifically to FIGS. 10A-10B, the second portion (300) is disposed over the first portion (200), and the second portion (300) includes a first top-down recess (306.1) axially centered and aligned with the first aperture (310.1) and a second top-down recess (306.2) axially centered and aligned with the second aperture (310.2), wherein the second portion (300) comprising the first and second top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2) has an electrically conductive surface.

[0079] In one embodiment, the first and second top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2) having electrically conductive surfaces form an electromagnetic reflector (EM reflector).

[0080] In one embodiment, the second portion (300) has an overall height (H2) (see, e.g., FIG. 1A), each of the first top-down recess (306.1) and the second top-down recess (306.2) has a bottom corresponding to a depth (d2) (where d2<H2), and each corresponding bottom includes an opening (310.1, 310.2) that replicates a corresponding one of the first aperture (254) and the second aperture (254) of the first portion (200) (see, e.g., the plurality of apertures (254) in FIG. 3A).

[0081] In one embodiment, a dielectric resonator antenna (312, dielectric resonator antenna, DRA) (see FIG. 1a) is positioned to cover the first and second holes (310.1, 310.2) respectively in the first top-down recess (306.1) and the second top-down recess (306.2) of the second part (300).

[0082] In the embodiment of FIGS. 8a-9b, the air waveguide (400) includes a signal input port (402), and the first part (200) further includes a signal feed (260', signal feed) arranged to electromagnetically excite the signal input port (402) of the air waveguide (400).

[0083] In one embodiment, the signal feed (260') is in the form of a coaxial cable.

[0084] Now, referring to FIGS. 12a-12b, together with the drawings described above, a rotational equal angle and a front cross-sectional view of the lower part (200) of the electromagnetic device (100) according to one embodiment are shown.

[0085] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) comprises an air waveguide (400), and when viewed in an axial cross-section, the air waveguide (400) comprises an extended housing (470) having a continuous arrangement of a bottom (472), a first wall (474), a ceiling (476), and a second wall (478), wherein the bottom (472), the first wall (474), the ceiling (476), and the second wall (478) each comprise an electrically conductive material, and the housing (470) has a distance (H) between the bottom (472) and the ceiling (476).

[0086] Additionally, when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide (400), the electromagnetic device (100) further comprises an extended ridge projection (216) that extends from the bottom (472) and is centrally positioned, the outer surfaces (218) of the ridge comprise an electrically conductive material, and the ridge projection (216) has a height (h) (where h <H), 전자기 장치(100)는, 공기 도파관(400)의 제 1 단부(404)에 배치되는 제 1 신호 포트(260)와, 공기 도파관(400)의 제 1 단부(404)로부터 이격되어 배치되는 제 2 단부(406)에 배치된 제 2 신호 포트(262)와, 제 1 신호 포트(260)에서 바닥(472) 및 릿지 돌출부(216)를 통해 연속적으로 연장되는 제 1 구멍(256)과, 제 2 신호 포트(262)에서 바닥(472) 및 릿지 돌출부(216)를 통해 연속적으로 연장되는 제 2 구멍(258)을 더 포함한다.

[0087] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) further includes a first electromagnetic signal feed (260') arranged for signal communication with a first signal port (260).

[0088] In one embodiment, the first electromagnetic signal feed (260') is a coaxial signal feed extending through the first hole (256), and the signal line (261) of the coaxial signal feed extends into the air waveguide (400) between the upper part of the ridge protrusion (216) and the ceiling (476) of the air waveguide (400).

[0089] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) further includes a second electromagnetic signal feed (262') arranged for signal communication with a second signal port (262).

[0090] In one embodiment, the first electromagnetic signal feed (260') is a transmit signal feed, and the second electromagnetic signal feed (262') is a receive signal feed configured to receive an electromagnetic signal from the first electromagnetic signal feed (260') through an air waveguide (400).

[0091] In one embodiment, the internal volume (408) of the air waveguide (400) is partitioned by the outer surfaces of the bottom (472), the first wall (474), the ceiling (476) and the second wall (478) and the ridge protrusion (216), and contains air.

[0092] Here, the expression "contains air" necessarily includes air, but does not exclude the presence of materials other than air, such as air-filled foam.

[0093] Now, referring to FIGS. 13a-13c, together with the drawings described above, a plan view and a rotational isometric view of a lower part (200) of an electromagnetic device (100) according to an embodiment having a power divider junction (600) are shown.

[0094] In one embodiment, the air waveguide (400) is a first air waveguide (400), the ridge protrusion (216) is a first ridge protrusion (216), and the lower part (200) of the electromagnetic device (100) may include another air waveguide and another ridge protrusion forming a second air waveguide (420) having a second ridge protrusion (226).

[0095] In one embodiment, the second air waveguide (420) and the second ridge protrusion (226) are each arranged parallel to the first air waveguide (400) and the first ridge protrusion (216).

[0096] In one embodiment, the first end (404) of the first air waveguide (400) is coupled to the first end (424) of the second air waveguide (420) through a power divider junction (600), so that the first signal port (260) becomes a common signal port for both the first air waveguide (400) and the second air waveguide (420).

[0097] In one embodiment, the second signal port (262) is positioned at the second end (406) of the first air waveguide (400), and the lower portion (200) further includes a third signal port (264) positioned at the second end of the second air waveguide (420), and the second end (426) of the second air waveguide (420) is positioned spaced apart from the first end (424) of the second air waveguide (420).

[0098] In one embodiment, the first air waveguide (400) and the second air waveguide (420) are separated by an electrically conductive wall (290) disposed between them, and the electrically conductive wall (290) extends between the floor (472) and the ceiling of the first air waveguide (400) and the second air waveguide (420) and is electrically connected.

[0099] In one embodiment, the power divider junction (600) is a 3dB power divider junction.

[0100] In one embodiment, the first signal port (260) communicates with both the second signal port (262) and the third signal port (264) through the power divider junction (600).

[0101] Now, referring to FIGS. 14a-16, FIGS. 14a-14b is similar to FIGS. 13a-13c, but shows a plan view and a rotational perspective isometric view of an electromagnetic device (100) having a corresponding dielectric resonator antenna (312) and a lens (380) arranged to signal communicate with corresponding second and third signal ports (262, 264), FIG. 15 shows the performance characteristics of a coaxial fed 3dB power divider of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 14, FIG. 16 shows a front cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 14a-14b having a cross-section along the coupling slots (254.1, 254.2).

[0102] In one embodiment, the second signal port (262) includes a first extended slot hole (254.1, coupling slot) having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the first air waveguide (400), and the third signal port (264) includes a second extended slot hole (254.2, coupling slot) having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the second air waveguide (420).

[0103] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) includes a first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1, first DRA) disposed on a second signal port (262) on a first extended slot hole (254.1), and a second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2, second DRA) disposed on a third signal port (264) on a second extended slot hole (254.2).

[0104] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic device (100) further includes a first dielectric beam shaper (380.1, dielectric beam shaper) (hereinafter also referred to as a lens) disposed above a first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1) and a second dielectric beam shaper (380.2, lens) disposed above a second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2).

[0105] In one embodiment, the first dielectric beam shaper (380.1) substantially or completely surrounds the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1), and the second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) substantially or completely surrounds the second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2).

[0106] In one embodiment, the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1) has a total height (A1), and the first dielectric beam shaper (380.1) has a total height (B1), where B1 > A1. The second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2) has a total height (A2), and the second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) has a total height (B2), where B2 > A2.

[0107] In one embodiment, B1 is at least twice the amount of A1, and B2 is at least twice the amount of A2.

[0108] In one embodiment, the second dielectric beam shaper (312.2) has the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric beam shaper (312.1), and the second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) has the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric beam shaper (380.1).

[0109] In one embodiment, and with reference to FIGS. 14a-14b, a first air waveguide (400) and a second air waveguide (420) are combined to provide a first part (200) of an electromagnetic device (100), and the electromagnetic device (100) also includes a second part (300) disposed above the first part (200), the second part (300) includes a first top-down recess (306) aligned with the axis center of a first extended slot hole (254.1) of the first part (200), and a second top-down recess (306.2) aligned with the axis center of a second extended slot hole (254.2) of the first part (200), wherein the second part (300) including the first and second top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2) has an electrically conductive surface have.

[0110] In one embodiment, the first and second top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2) having electrically conductive surfaces form electromagnetic reflectors (EM reflectors).

[0111] In one embodiment, as illustrated with reference to FIG. 16, the second part (300) has a total height (H2), and each of the first top-down recess (306.1) and the second top-down recess (306.2) has a corresponding bottom (308) at a depth (d2), and d2 <H2이다. 각각의 대응하는 바닥(308)은, 각각 제 1 부분(200)의 제 1 연장형 슬롯 구멍(254.1) 및 제 2 연장형 슬롯 구멍(254.2) 중 대응하는 구멍을 모사하는 구멍(310.1, 310.2)을 포함한다.

[0112] In one embodiment, the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1) is placed in the first top-down recess (306.1), and the second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2) is placed in the second top-down recess (306.2).

[0113] In one embodiment, the first dielectric beamformer (380.1) is positioned within the first top-down recess (306.1), and the second dielectric beamformer (380.2) is positioned within the second top-down recess (306.2).

[0114] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15 with reference to FIG. 14a-14b, a coaxial signal feed (260') is placed in a power divider junction (600).

[0115] FIG. 15 illustrates the performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 14a-14b having a coaxial feed (260') at the distributor joint (600).

[0116] FIGS. 17 to 21 illustrate various performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 14a-14b having the coaxial signal feed (260') shown in FIG. 15.

[0117] For example: FIG. 17 illustrates the reflection loss, gain and actual gain (realized gain), and electromagnetic performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 15; FIG. 18 illustrates the azimuth and elevation electromagnetic performance characteristics of a waveport feed supplied to one of the electromagnetic devices of FIG. 15; FIG. 19a-19c illustrates various electromagnetic performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 15; FIG. 20 illustrates the coaxial feed ridge-waveguide-coupled-DRA vertical polarization electromagnetic performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device of FIG. 19a; and FIG. 21 illustrates the azimuth and elevation electromagnetic performance characteristics of the coaxial feed among the electromagnetic devices of FIG. 19a.

[0118] Now referring to FIGS. 22a-24: FIGS. 22a and FIGS. 22b illustrate an electromagnetic device (100) similar to FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b, respectively, but having a signal input port (402) at the first end (404) of the air waveguides (400, 420) (compared to FIGS. 14a-15) and slot output signal feeds (254.1, 254.2) in the middle of the waveguides (400, 420) (compared to FIGS. 13a-13c); FIG. 23 illustrates the reflection loss, gain and actual gain (realized gain), and electromagnetic performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 22a-22b, in which two resonators are supplied by a split waveguide operating in vertical polarization; and FIG. 24 illustrates the azimuth and elevation electromagnetic performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIG. 22a-22b.

[0119] Referring to FIGS. 22a-22b, an embodiment of the electromagnetic device (100) is similar to the electromagnetic device (100) shown in FIGS. 13a-13c, but includes a first air waveguide (400) having a first ridge protrusion (216) and a second air waveguide (420) having a second ridge protrusion (226), wherein the second air waveguide (420) and the second ridge protrusion (226) may be arranged parallel to the first air waveguide (400) and the first ridge protrusion (216), respectively.

[0120] The first end (404) of the first air waveguide (400) is coupled to the first end (424) of the second air waveguide (420) through a power divider junction (600), so that the first signal port (260) can become a common signal port for both the first air waveguide (400) and the second air waveguide (420).

[0121] The second signal port (262) is positioned at an intermediate distance between the first end (404) and the second end (406) of the first air waveguide (400), the third signal port (264) is positioned at an intermediate distance between the first end (424) and the second end (426) of the second air waveguide (420), and the second end (426) of the second air waveguide (420) is positioned spaced apart from the first end (424) of the second air waveguide (420).

[0122] The first air waveguide (400) and the second air waveguide (420) are separated by an electrically conductive wall (290) placed between them, and the electrically conductive wall (290) extends between the bottom (472) and the ceiling (476) of the first air waveguide (400) and the second air waveguide (420) and is electrically connected.

[0123] In one embodiment, the second signal port (262) includes a first extended slot hole (254.1) having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the first air waveguide (400), and the third signal port (264) includes a second extended slot hole (254.2) having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the second air waveguide (420).

[0124] In one embodiment, a first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1) is placed on a second signal port (262) on a first extended slot hole (254.1), and a second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2) is placed on a third signal port (264) on a second extended slot hole (254.2).

[0125] In one embodiment, a first dielectric beam shaper (380.1) is positioned above the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1), and a second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) is positioned above the second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2).

[0126] In one embodiment, the first dielectric beam shaper (380.1) substantially or completely surrounds the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1), and the second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) substantially or completely surrounds the second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2).

[0127] In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 14 and FIG. 22 together, the first dielectric beam shaper (312.1) has a total height (A1) and the first dielectric beam shaper (380.1) has a total height (B1), where B1 > A1, and the second dielectric beam shaper (312.2) has a total height (A2) and the second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) has a total height (B2), where B2 > A2.

[0128] In one embodiment, B1 is at least twice the amount of A1, and B2 is at least twice the amount of A2.

[0129] In one embodiment, the second dielectric resonator antenna (312.1) has the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1), and the second dielectric beam shaper (380.2) has the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric beam shaper (380.1).

[0130] Similar to the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 14a-14b, and with reference to FIGS. 14a-14b together with FIGS. 22a-22b, the electromagnetic device (100) illustrated in FIGS. 22a-22b is configured such that a first air waveguide (400) and a second air waveguide (420) are combined to provide a first part (200) of the electromagnetic device (100), and the electromagnetic device (100) also includes a second part (300) disposed above the first part (200).

[0131] The second part (300) includes a first top-down recess (306.1) aligned with the axis center of the first extended slot hole (254.1) of the first part (200) and a second top-down recess (306.2) aligned with the axis center of the second extended slot hole (254.2) of the first part (200), and the second part (300) including the first and second top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2) has an electrically conductive surface.

[0132] As can be recognized by comparing the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 22a-22b with the device of FIGS. 14a-14b, the difference between the two embodiments lies in the location of the extended slot holes (254.1, 254.2) and the corresponding top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2), of which FIGS. 14a-14b is located at the ends of the waveguides (400, 420), while FIGS. 22a-22b is located not at the ends of the waveguides (400, 420), but, for example, between the ends of the waveguides (400, 420).

[0133] In one embodiment, first and second top-down recesses (306.1, 306.2) having electrically conductive surfaces form an EM reflector.

[0134] In one embodiment, as best illustrated in FIG. 16, the second part (300) has a total height (H2), and each of the first top-down recess (306.1) and the second top-down recess (306.2) has a corresponding bottom (308) at a depth (d2), where d2 <H2이며, 각각의 대응하는 바닥(308)은 제 1 부분(200)의 제 1 연장형 슬롯 구멍(254.1) 및 제 2 연장형 슬롯 구멍(254.2) 중 대응하는 구멍을 모사하는 구멍(310.1, 310.2)을 포함한다.

[0135] In one embodiment, the first dielectric resonator antenna (312.1) is placed in the first top-down recess (306.1), and the second dielectric resonator antenna (312.2) is placed in the second top-down recess (306.2).

[0136] In one embodiment, the first dielectric beamformer (380.1) is positioned within the first top-down recess (306.1), and the second dielectric beamformer (380.2) is positioned within the second top-down recess (306.2).

[0137] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22a-22b, the waveguide signal feed (260') is placed at the first signal input port (402).

[0138] Now, referring to FIGS. 25a-27, FIGS. 25a-25b is similar to FIGS. 19a-19c, but shows a front view and a rotational perspective isometric view of a single waveguide (400) in which a dielectric load material (550) is placed within the waveguide (400), and FIGS. 26-27 shows the relevant performance characteristics of the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 25a-25b.

[0139] In an electromagnetic device (100) according to one embodiment, a waveguide (400) or a waveguide (420) is at least partially equipped with a dielectric medium (dielectric load).

[0140] In one embodiment, the dielectric load material (550) has an average dielectric constant greater than or equal to 2 and less than 15.

[0141] Now, referring to FIGS. 28a to 28c together with FIGS. 25a to 25b, FIGS. 12a to 12b and FIGS. 8a to 8b, the electromagnetic device (100) comprises a first part (200) having an electromagnetic waveguide (400, EM waveguide) having an internal total height (H), and the waveguide (400) comprises a centrally positioned ridge protrusion (216) having a height (H) extending from the electrically conductive bottom (472) of the waveguide (400) toward the electrically conductive ceiling (476) of the waveguide (400), where h < H (see, for example, FIGS. 8a to 8b and FIGS. 12a to 12b).

[0142] The electromagnetic device (100) further comprises a second part (300) disposed in and electrically connected to a first part (200), the second part (300) having a recess (306) surrounded by an electrically conductive material (surface of the recess) electrically connected to the first part (200), wherein the recess (306) is configured to accommodate a dielectric resonator antenna (312), and the waveguide (400) comprises first electromagnetic paths (410, 411) on each side of the ridge protrusion and a second electromagnetic path (412) on the upper side of the ridge protrusion, wherein the first EM paths (410, 411) have at least some dielectric loading material (550).

[0143] For general comparison, the electromagnetic device (100) of FIGS. 28a-28c is similar to FIGS. 8a-8b in terms of the arrangement of recesses (306), but is equipped with a waveguide (400) having a dielectric load (550), which can be referred to as a dielectric load waveguide. The performance characteristics of the dielectric load waveguide of FIGS. 28a-28c are illustrated in FIG. 28c.

[0144] In light of all the foregoing, various aspects of the embodiments are disclosed herein, which are understood to be at least but not limited to a combination of the following aspects and / or aspects.

[0145] (Sun 1.)

[0146] In electromagnetic devices,

[0147] A first part having a first bonding surface; and

[0148] A second part having a second bonding surface disposed on the first bonding surface of the first part; comprising

[0149] The above first part has a total height (H1), and

[0150] The above first part is,

[0151] Contains air and has a depth (d1), d1 <H1이고, 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 캐비티를 구비하고 상부 표면 프로파일을 갖는 오픈-탑 구조를 포함하고,

[0152] Each of the above-mentioned at least one top-down cavity has corresponding side walls, and

[0153] The external exposed surfaces of at least one top-down cavity having the corresponding sidewalls described above include electrical conductors, and

[0154] A corresponding portion of at least one top-down cavity having the corresponding side walls forms the lower portion of the air waveguide (AWG), and

[0155] The above second part has a total height (H2), and

[0156] The above second part is,

[0157] A lower surface profile configured to be combined with the upper surface profile of the first part;

[0158] An upper surface profile having a bottom corresponding to a depth (d2), d2 < H2, and having at least one top-down recess;

[0159] Includes a lower opening in the bottom of each of at least one top-down recess; and

[0160] Each of the above-mentioned at least one top-down recess is filled with a dielectric medium having a relative dielectric constant greater than the relative dielectric constant of air, at least partially covering the corresponding lower opening.

[0161] An electromagnetic device in which a portion of the lower surface profile adjacent to each lower opening comprises an electric conductor and forms the upper portion of an air waveguide (AWG).

[0162] (Sun 2.)

[0163] In the first sun,

[0164] An electromagnetic device wherein each of the above dielectric media is disposed on an adhesive, and the corresponding dielectric media, adhesive, or combination of dielectric media and adhesive is disposed on the corresponding bottom of each of the above top-down recesses and on the lower opening of each of the corresponding bottoms.

[0165] (Sun 3.)

[0166] In the first sun or the second sun,

[0167] An electromagnetic device comprising at least one of the first part and the second part, wherein the first part and the second part comprise metallized plastic.

[0168] (Sun 4.)

[0169] In the first sun or the second sun,

[0170] An electromagnetic device comprising at least one of the first part and the second part, the composite of several parts attached to each other.

[0171] (Sun 5.)

[0172] In any one of the first to fourth suns,

[0173] An electromagnetic device wherein each of the above at least one top-down recess comprises a wall enclosing each of the dielectric media disposed inside each thereof.

[0174] (Sun 6.)

[0175] In any one of the first to fifth suns,

[0176] An electromagnetic device having surfaces of at least one top-down recess having corresponding wrapping walls and corresponding bottoms, wherein the surfaces of the top-down recess include electrical conductors.

[0177] (Sun 7.)

[0178] In the sixth sun,

[0179] An electromagnetic device in which the wrapping wall having an electric conductor in each of the above top-down recesses forms an electrically conductive electromagnetic reflector that substantially wraps the dielectric medium disposed within the corresponding top-down recess.

[0180] (Sun 8.)

[0181] In any one of the first to seventh suns,

[0182] The above second part is an electromagnetic device attached to the first part at the first bonding surface or the second bonding surface.

[0183] (Sun 9.)

[0184] In any one of the first to eighth suns,

[0185] The first portion further includes mutual coupling portions on the upper surfaces of the corresponding side walls of the at least one top-down cavity, and

[0186] An electromagnetic device comprising: the second part further including a complementary mutual coupling element that is coupled to a corresponding mutual coupling part of the first part on the lower surface of the second part adjacent to the mutual coupling part of the first part.

[0187] (Sun 10.)

[0188] In the ninth sun,

[0189] An electromagnetic device comprising: the mutual coupling portion of the first part including a coupling recess, and the mutual coupling element of the second part including a coupling protrusion configured to be coupled complementarily to the coupling recess of the first part.

[0190] (Sun 11.)

[0191] In any one of the first to tenth suns,

[0192] Part 1 is,

[0193] An electromagnetic device comprising a ridge projection having a height (h1) within each of the above-mentioned at least one top-down cavity, wherein h1 < d1 and the ridge projection has electrically conductive surfaces.

[0194] (Sun 12.)

[0195] In the eleventh sun,

[0196] An electromagnetic device, wherein each ridge protrusion is positioned in a relationship facing one of the corresponding lower openings at the bottom of each of at least one top-down recess of the second part.

[0197] (Sun 13.)

[0198] In any one of the first to twelfth suns,

[0199] An electromagnetic device in which each of the above-mentioned dielectric media is integrally connected to an adjacent dielectric media by a relatively thin connecting structure to form a monolithic dielectric media structure.

[0200] (Sun 14.)

[0201] In any one of the first to thirteenth suns,

[0202] Each of the lower openings at the bottom of the at least one top-down recess forms an electromagnetic signal feed hole, in an electromagnetic device.

[0203] (Sun 15.)

[0204] In any one of the first to fourteenth suns,

[0205] The above second part is an electromagnetic device formed entirely of metal.

[0206] (Sun 16.)

[0207] In any one of the first to fourteenth suns,

[0208] The above second part is an electromagnetic device formed of a metal-coated dielectric material.

[0209] (Sun 17.)

[0210] In any one of the first to fourteenth suns,

[0211] The above-mentioned second part is an electromagnetic device formed from a metal coating molded or 3D printed dielectric material.

[0212] (Sun 18.)

[0213] In any one of the 1st to 17th suns,

[0214] Each of at least one top-down recess has tapered sidewalls that tapere inward from top to bottom, and

[0215] An electromagnetic device in which each of the above dielectric media has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the tapered sidewall corresponding to one of the at least one top-down recess.

[0216] (Sun 19.)

[0217] In any one of the 1st to 18th suns,

[0218] Each of the above-mentioned dielectric media is an electromagnetic device having a three-dimensional shape in the form of a trapezoidal prism.

[0219] (Sun 20.)

[0220] In any one of the 10th to 19th suns,

[0221] An electromagnetic device in which each of the above-mentioned dielectric media has a relative dielectric constant of 2 or more and 15 or less.

[0222] (Sun 21.)

[0223] In electromagnetic devices,

[0224] A first part including an electromagnetic signal feed; and

[0225] It includes a second part disposed on the first part above, and

[0226] An electromagnetic device, wherein the second part comprises a shaped metal form having at least one shaped metal cavity, and the second part further comprises a dielectric medium disposed within each of the at least one shaped metal cavity, wherein the shape of each dielectric medium has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the shape of the at least one shaped metal cavity.

[0227] (Sun 22.)

[0228] In the 21st sun,

[0229] The electromagnetic signal feed of the first part above includes an electromagnetic waveguide, and

[0230] Each of at least one shaped metal cavity of the second part above includes a lower opening, and

[0231] An electromagnetic device, wherein the upper surface of the first part further comprises an electrically conductive surface having at least one hole arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the lower opening of each of the second parts.

[0232] (Sun 23.)

[0233] In the 22nd sun,

[0234] The electromagnetic signal feed of the first part above comprises a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), in an electromagnetic device.

[0235] (Sun 24.)

[0236] In the 21st sun,

[0237] The second part further includes an electromagnetic feed structure disposed for signal communication with each of the at least one shaped metal cavity, and

[0238] The first part comprises an electromagnetic signal feed input arranged for signal communication with the electromagnetic feed structure of the second part, an electromagnetic device.

[0239] (Sun 25.)

[0240] In the 24th sun,

[0241] The electromagnetic feed structure of the second part above is an electromagnetic device comprising air or a dielectric material other than air.

[0242] (Sun 26.)

[0243] In the 24th sun,

[0244] The electromagnetic signal feed input of the first part above is an electromagnetic device including a coaxial cable.

[0245] (Sun 27.)

[0246] In electromagnetic devices,

[0247] Electromagnetic signal feed;

[0248] Air waveguides (AWGs) arranged for electromagnetic signal feeds and signal communication; and

[0249] An electromagnetic device comprising at least one dielectric load launcher disposed in signal communication between the electromagnetic signal feed and the air waveguide.

[0250] (Sun 28.)

[0251] In the 27th sun,

[0252] The above air waveguide includes a signal input port arranged for electromagnetic signal feed and signal communication, and the at least one dielectric load launch is arranged at the signal input port, an electromagnetic device.

[0253] (Sun 29.)

[0254] In the 27th or 28th sun,

[0255] An electromagnetic device wherein each of the above-mentioned at least one dielectric load launch comprises a dielectric medium having a relative dielectric constant of 2 or more and 15 or less.

[0256] (Sun 30.)

[0257] In any one of the 27th to 29th suns,

[0258] The electromagnetic signal feed comprises a plurality of transmission or reception channels, and each of the at least one dielectric load launch is positioned for signal communication between the air waveguide and a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission or reception channels.

[0259] (Sun 31.)

[0260] In any one of the 27th to 30th suns,

[0261] The above electromagnetic signal feed is an electromagnetic device comprising an RF chip, a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), a microstrip, a strip line, a slotted hole, or a patch.

[0262] (Sun 32.)

[0263] In electromagnetic devices,

[0264] Electromagnetic signal feed;

[0265] An air waveguide comprising a plurality of antenna ports, wherein the air waveguide comprises a plurality of antenna ports and an electromagnetic distribution network disposed for signal communication between the plurality of antenna ports and the electromagnetic signal feed, and the electromagnetic distribution network provides a power distribution signal path between the electromagnetic signal feed and a corresponding port among the plurality of antenna ports; and

[0266] An electromagnetic device comprising a plurality of dielectric load media disposed in a plurality of antenna ports and disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of antenna ports.

[0267] (Sun 33.)

[0268] In electromagnetic devices,

[0269] Includes the first part; and

[0270] The above first part is,

[0271] An air waveguide having an internal surface that is electrically conductive;

[0272] A ridge protrusion extending in the longitudinal direction within the air waveguide, wherein the ridge protrusion has an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide;

[0273] The plurality of first wall protrusions extending at least partially across the gap between the upper surface and the lower surface of the air waveguide, wherein the plurality of first wall protrusions are disposed on one side of the ridge protrusion and distributed in a direction parallel to the ridge protrusion, and the plurality of first wall protrusions have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide;

[0274] The plurality of second wall protrusions extending at least partially across the gap between the upper surface and the lower surface of the air waveguide, wherein the plurality of second wall protrusions are disposed on the side opposite to the ridge protrusion and are distributed in a direction parallel to the ridge protrusion, and the plurality of second wall protrusions have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide;

[0275] The upper surface of the air waveguide comprises: a first hole disposed between the plurality of first wall protrusions on the first side of the ridge protrusion and the ridge protrusion, and a second hole disposed between the plurality of second wall protrusions on the second side opposite the ridge protrusion and the ridge protrusion.

[0276] An electromagnetic device in which the second hole is arranged longitudinally with respect to the first hole along the length of the air waveguide, such that the first hole and the second hole do not face each other directly from opposite sides of the ridge protrusion.

[0277] (Sun 34.)

[0278] In the 33rd sun,

[0279] The plurality of first wall protrusions includes a first row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the lower surface of the air waveguide toward the upper surface of the air waveguide, and a second row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the upper surface of the air waveguide toward the lower surface of the air waveguide; and

[0280] An electromagnetic device comprising a plurality of second wall protrusions, the plurality of second wall protrusions including a third row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the upper surface of the air waveguide toward the lower surface of the air waveguide, and a fourth row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the lower surface of the air waveguide toward the upper surface of the air waveguide.

[0281] (Sun 35.)

[0282] In the 34th sun,

[0283] The wall protrusions of the first row are outside the wall protrusions of the second row with respect to the ridge protrusion, and

[0284] The above third column of wall protrusions are on the outside of the fourth column of wall protrusions with respect to the ridge protrusion, an electromagnetic device.

[0285] (Sun 36.)

[0286] In any one of the 33rd to 35th suns,

[0287] The above-mentioned ridge protrusion comprises a metal-coated dielectric material, in an electromagnetic device.

[0288] (Sun 37.)

[0289] In any one of the 33rd to 36th suns,

[0290] It further includes a second part positioned on the upper part of the first part, and

[0291] The second part comprises a first top-down recess aligned with the first hole and the axial center, and a second top-down recess aligned with the second hole and the axial center.

[0292] An electromagnetic device having the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess, wherein the second part comprises an electrically conductive surface.

[0293] (Sun 38.)

[0294] In the 37th sun,

[0295] The first top-down recess and the second top-down recess, having electrically conductive surfaces, form an electromagnetic reflector, an electromagnetic device.

[0296] (Sun 39.)

[0297] In the 37th or 38th sun,

[0298] The above second part has a total height (H2);

[0299] Each of the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess has a corresponding bottom at a depth (d2), where d2 < H2; and

[0300] Each corresponding bottom comprises a hole that mimics one of the first hole and the second hole of the first part, in an electromagnetic device.

[0301] (Sun 40.)

[0302] In any one of the 37th to 39th suns,

[0303] An electromagnetic device further comprising a dielectric resonator antenna disposed in each of the first top-down recess of the first part and the second top-down recess of the second part in a manner covering each of the first hole and the second hole of the first part.

[0304] (Sun 41.)

[0305] In any one of the 37th to 40th suns,

[0306] The above air waveguide further includes a signal input port, and

[0307] The above first part is an electromagnetic device further comprising a signal feed arranged to electromagnetically excite a signal input port of the air waveguide.

[0308] (Sun 42.)

[0309] In the 41st sun,

[0310] The above signal feed is an electromagnetic device including a coaxial cable.

[0311] (Sun 43.)

[0312] In electromagnetic devices,

[0313] Includes an air waveguide,

[0314] The above air waveguide is,

[0315] An extended housing having a continuous arrangement of a bottom, a first wall, a ceiling, and a second wall when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide, wherein the bottom, the first wall, the ceiling, and the second wall each comprise an electrically conductive material, and the housing has a distance (H) between the bottom and the ceiling;

[0316] An extended ridge positioned at the center extending from the bottom when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide, wherein the outer surface of the ridge comprises an electrically conductive material, the ridge has a height (h) and h < H;

[0317] A first signal port disposed at a first end of the air waveguide;

[0318] A second signal port disposed at the second end of the air waveguide and spaced apart from the first end;

[0319] A first hole extending continuously from the first signal port through the bottom and the ridge; and

[0320] An electromagnetic device comprising a second hole extending continuously from the second signal port through the bottom and the ridge.

[0321] (Sun 44.)

[0322] In the 43rd sun,

[0323] An electromagnetic device further comprising a first electromagnetic signal feed arranged to communicate with the first signal port.

[0324] (Sun 45.)

[0325] In the 44th sun,

[0326] An electromagnetic device, wherein the first electromagnetic signal feed includes a coaxial signal feed extending through the first hole, and the signal line of the coaxial signal feed extends into the air waveguide between the upper part of the ridge and the ceiling of the air waveguide.

[0327] (Sun 46.)

[0328] In the 44th or 45th sun,

[0329] An electromagnetic device further comprising a second electromagnetic signal feed arranged for signal communication with the second signal port.

[0330] (Sun 47.)

[0331] In the 46th sun,

[0332] An electromagnetic device, wherein the first electromagnetic signal feed is a transmitting signal feed, and the second electromagnetic signal feed is a receiving signal feed configured to receive an electromagnetic signal from the first electromagnetic signal feed through the air waveguide.

[0333] (Sun 48.)

[0334] In any one of the 43rd to 47th suns,

[0335] The internal volume of the air waveguide is partitioned by the bottom, the first wall, the ceiling, and the second wall of the air waveguide, an electromagnetic device.

[0336] (Sun 49.)

[0337] In any one of the 43rd to 48th suns,

[0338] The above air waveguide is a first air waveguide, and the above ridge is a first ridge, and

[0339] The above-mentioned electromagnetic device is,

[0340] It further includes a second air waveguide having a second ridge forming another ridge and another air waveguide, and

[0341] The second air waveguide and the second ridge are each arranged parallel to the first air waveguide and the first ridge, and

[0342] The first end of the first air waveguide is coupled to the first end of the second air waveguide through a power divider junction, so that the first signal port becomes a common signal port for both the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide, and

[0343] The second signal port is disposed at the second end of the first air waveguide, and further includes a third signal port disposed at the second end of the second air waveguide, wherein the second end of the second air waveguide is disposed spaced apart from the first end of the second air waveguide,

[0344] An electromagnetic device in which the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are separated by an electrically conductive wall disposed between them, and the electrically conductive wall extends between the bottom and ceiling of the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide and is electrically connected.

[0345] (Sun 50.)

[0346] In the 49th sun,

[0347] The above power divider junction is an electromagnetic device that is a 3dB power divider junction.

[0348] (Sun 51.)

[0349] In the 49th sun,

[0350] An electromagnetic device in which the first signal port communicates with both the second signal port and the third signal port through the power divider junction.

[0351] (Sun 52.)

[0352] In any one of the 49th to 51st suns,

[0353] The second signal port comprises: a first extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the first air waveguide; and

[0354] The above third signal port is an electromagnetic device comprising a second extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the second air waveguide.

[0355] (Sun 53.)

[0356] In the 52nd sun,

[0357] A first dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the second signal port on the first extended slot hole; and

[0358] An electromagnetic device further comprising a second dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the third signal port on the second extended slot hole.

[0359] (Sun 54.)

[0360] In the 53rd sun,

[0361] A first dielectric beam shaper disposed on top of a first dielectric resonator antenna; and

[0362] An electromagnetic device further comprising a second dielectric beam shaper disposed above the second dielectric resonator antenna.

[0363] (Sun 55.)

[0364] In the 54th sun,

[0365] The first dielectric beam shaper completely surrounds the first dielectric resonator antenna, and

[0366] The above second dielectric beam shaper is an electromagnetic device that completely surrounds the second dielectric resonator antenna.

[0367] (Sun 56.)

[0368] In the 54th or 55th sun,

[0369] The first dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A1), the first dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B1), B1 > A1, and; and

[0370] An electromagnetic device in which the second dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A2), the second dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B2), and B2 > A2.

[0371] (Sun 57.)

[0372] In the 56th sun,

[0373] B1 is more than twice A1, and

[0374] B2 is an electromagnetic device that is more than twice the size of A2.

[0375] (Sun 58.)

[0376] In any one of the 54th to 57th suns,

[0377] The second dielectric resonator antenna has the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric resonator antenna, and

[0378] The above second dielectric beam shaper is an electromagnetic device having the same shape, size, and configuration as the above first dielectric beam shaper.

[0379] (Sun 59.)

[0380] In any one of the 54th to 58th suns,

[0381] The first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are combined to provide a first part of the electromagnetic device, and

[0382] The above-mentioned electromagnetic device is,

[0383] The present invention further comprises a second portion disposed above the first portion, wherein the second portion comprises a first top-down recess aligned with the axial center of the first extended slot hole of the first portion and a second top-down recess aligned with the axial center of the second extended slot hole of the first portion.

[0384] An electromagnetic device comprising the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess, wherein the second portion comprises an electrically conductive surface.

[0385] (Sun 60.)

[0386] In the 59th sun,

[0387] The first top-down recess and the second top-down recess, each having an electrically conductive surface, form an electromagnetic reflector, in an electromagnetic device.

[0388] (Sun 61.)

[0389] In the 59th or 60th sun,

[0390] The above second part has a total height (H2);

[0391] Each of the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess has a corresponding bottom at a depth (d2), where d2 < H2; and

[0392] Each corresponding bottom includes a hole that mimics a corresponding hole among the first extended slot hole of the first part and the second extended slot hole of the second part, in an electromagnetic device.

[0393] (Sun 62.)

[0394] In any one of the 59th to 61st suns,

[0395] An electromagnetic device in which the first dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the second top-down recess.

[0396] (Sun 63.)

[0397] In any one of the 59th to 62nd suns,

[0398] An electromagnetic device in which the first dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the second top-down recess.

[0399] (Sun 64.)

[0400] In any one of the 49th to 63rd suns,

[0401] An electromagnetic device further comprising a coaxial signal feed disposed at the power divider junction.

[0402] (Sun 65.)

[0403] In any one of the 43rd to 48th suns,

[0404] The above air waveguide is the first air waveguide, and the ridge is the first ridge, and

[0405] The above-mentioned electromagnetic device is,

[0406] It further includes a second air waveguide having a second ridge forming another ridge and another air waveguide, and

[0407] The second air waveguide and the second ridge are each arranged parallel to the first air waveguide and the first ridge, and

[0408] The first end of the first air waveguide is coupled to the first end of the second air waveguide through a power divider junction so that the first signal port becomes a common signal port for both the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide, and

[0409] The second signal port is disposed at an intermediate distance between the first end and the second end of the first air waveguide, and the electromagnetic device further includes a third signal port disposed at an intermediate distance between the first end and the second end of the first air waveguide, and the second end of the second air waveguide is disposed spaced apart from the first end of the second air waveguide,

[0410] An electromagnetic device in which the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are separated by an electrically conductive wall disposed between them, and the electrically conductive wall extends between the bottom and ceiling of the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide and is electrically connected.

[0411] (Sun 66.)

[0412] In the 65th sun,

[0413] The second signal port comprises a first extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the first air waveguide; and

[0414] The above third signal port is an electromagnetic device comprising a second extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the second air waveguide.

[0415] (Sun 67.)

[0416] In the 66th sun,

[0417] A first dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the second signal port on the first extended slot hole; and

[0418] An electromagnetic device further comprising a second dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the third signal port on the second extended slot hole.

[0419] (Sun 68.)

[0420] In the 67th sun,

[0421] A first dielectric beam shaper disposed on top of a first dielectric resonator antenna; and

[0422] An electromagnetic device further comprising a second dielectric beam shaper disposed above the second dielectric resonator antenna.

[0423] (Sun 69.)

[0424] In the 68th sun,

[0425] The first dielectric beam shaper completely surrounds the first dielectric resonator antenna, and

[0426] The above second dielectric beam shaper is an electromagnetic device that completely surrounds the second dielectric resonator antenna.

[0427] (Sun 70.)

[0428] In the 68th or 69th sun,

[0429] The first dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A1), the first dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B1), B1 > A1, and; and

[0430] An electromagnetic device in which the second dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A2), the second dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B2), and B2 > A2.

[0431] (Sun 71.)

[0432] In the 70th sun,

[0433] B1 is more than twice A1, and

[0434] B2 is an electromagnetic device that is more than twice the size of A2.

[0435] (Sun 72.)

[0436] In any one of the 68th to 71st suns,

[0437] The second dielectric resonator antenna has the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric resonator antenna, and

[0438] The above second dielectric beam shaper is an electromagnetic device having the same shape, size, and configuration as the above first dielectric beam shaper.

[0439] (Sun 73.)

[0440] In any one of the 68th to 72nd suns,

[0441] The first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are combined to provide a first part of the electromagnetic device, and

[0442] The above-mentioned electromagnetic device is,

[0443] It further includes a second part positioned on the upper part of the first part, and

[0444] The second portion includes a first top-down recess axially centered with the first elongated slot hole of the first portion, and a second top-down recess axially centered with the second elongated slot hole of the first portion,

[0445] The second portion comprising the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess comprises an electrically conductive surface, the electromagnetic apparatus.

[0446] (Embodiment 74.)

[0447] The electromagnetic apparatus according to embodiment 73,

[0448] wherein the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess having the electrically conductive surface form an electromagnetic reflector, the electromagnetic apparatus.

[0449] (Embodiment 75.)

[0450] The electromagnetic apparatus according to embodiment 73 or embodiment 74,

[0451] the second portion has an overall height (H2);

[0452] each of the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess has a corresponding bottom at a depth (d2), wherein d2<H2; and

[0453] each corresponding bottom comprises a hole that replicates a corresponding one of the first elongated slot hole of the first portion and the second elongated slot hole of the second portion, the electromagnetic apparatus.

[0454] (Embodiment 76.)

[0455] The electromagnetic apparatus according to any one of embodiments 73 to 75,

[0456] wherein the first dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the first top-down recess, and the second dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the second top-down recess, the electromagnetic apparatus.

[0457] (Sun 77.)

[0458] In any one of the 73rd to 76th suns,

[0459] An electromagnetic device in which the first dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the second top-down recess.

[0460] (Sun 78.)

[0461] In any one of the 65th to 77th suns,

[0462] An electromagnetic device further comprising a signal feed disposed in the first signal port.

[0463] (Sun 79.)

[0464] In any one of the 1st to 78th suns,

[0465] The above air waveguide is an electromagnetic device in which at least partially dielectric loaded material is installed.

[0466] (Sun 80.)

[0467] In the 79th sun,

[0468] An electromagnetic device having an average dielectric constant of the dielectric load material of the above-mentioned amount of 2 or more and 15 or less.

[0469] (Sun 81.)

[0470] In electromagnetic devices,

[0471] A first part comprising an electromagnetic waveguide having an internal total height (H), wherein the waveguide includes a centrally positioned ridge having a height (h) extending from the electrically conductive bottom of the waveguide toward the electrically conductive ceiling of the waveguide, and h < H; and

[0472] A second part disposed in and electrically connected to the first part, wherein the second part comprises a recess surrounded by an electrically conductive material electrically connected to the first part, and the recess is configured to accommodate a dielectric resonator antenna;

[0473] The above waveguide comprises first electromagnetic paths on each side of the ridge and a second electromagnetic path on the ridge, wherein the first electromagnetic paths are at least partially equipped with a dielectric load material.

[0474] Although specific combinations of individual features have been described and illustrated herein, it will be understood that such specific combinations of features are for illustrative purposes only, and that any combination of individual features consistent with the disclosure herein may be used according to the embodiments, regardless of whether such combinations have been explicitly illustrated.

[0475] Combinations of features as disclosed herein are considered in this application and, when viewed in the entirety of the application, are deemed to be within the understanding of a person skilled in the art, and insofar as such combinations of features fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, they are deemed to be within the scope of the invention disclosed herein in a manner understandable to a person skilled in the art.

[0476] Although the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made and equivalents can be substituted for the elements without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0477] Various modifications may be made to apply specific situations or materials to the teachings of the present invention without departing from the essential scope of the present invention.

[0478] Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein as the best or only manner considered to carry out the invention, but is intended to include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0479] Exemplary embodiments are disclosed in the drawings and description, and specific terms and / or dimensions may be used, but unless otherwise specified, they are used only in a general, exemplary, and / or descriptive sense and not for the purpose of limitation, and therefore the claims are not limited thereto.

[0480] Where an element such as a layer, film, region, substrate, or other described feature is referred to as being "on" or "combined" with another element, such element may be directly on top of or combined with another element, or an intermediate element may exist.

[0481] Conversely, when an element is mentioned as 'directly' or 'directly involved' with another element, no intermediate element exists.

[0482] The use of terms such as first, second, etc. does not indicate any order or importance, but may be used to distinguish one element from another.

[0483] The use of singular expressions does not indicate a quantity limitation but rather the presence of one or more of the referenced items.

[0484] The use of terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “front,” and “back” does not indicate a limitation of the structure, as the structure can be viewed from one or more directions, but rather indicates a relative structural relationship between one or more related features disclosed herein.

[0485] The term 'include' used herein does not exclude the possibility of including one or more additional features.

[0486] In addition, all background technology provided herein is provided to disclose information that the applicant determines to be relevant to the invention disclosed herein.

[0487] It should be noted that such background technology is not necessarily acknowledged, nor should it be interpreted, as constituting prior art for the embodiments of the present invention disclosed in this specification.

Claims

Claim 1 An electromagnetic device comprises: a first part having a first coupling surface; and a second part having a second coupling surface disposed on the first coupling surface of the first part; wherein the first part has an overall height (H1), and the first part includes air and has a depth (d1), and d1 <H1이고, 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 캐비티를 구비하고 상부 표면 프로파일을 갖는 오픈-탑 구조를 포함하고,상기 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 캐비티 각각은, 대응하는 측벽들을 구비하고,상기 대응하는 측벽들을 갖는 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 캐비티의 외부 노출 표면들은 전기 도체를 포함하고,상기 대응하는 측벽들을 구비하는 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 캐비티 중 대응하는 일부는 공기 도파관(AWG)의 하부 부분을 형성하고,상기 제 2 부분은 전체 높이(H2)를 갖고,상기 제 2 부분은,상기 제 1 부분의 상기 상부 표면 프로파일과 결합하도록 되는 하부 표면 프로파일;깊이(d2)에 대응하는 바닥을 갖고, d2 < H2 이고, 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 리세스를 구비하는 상부 표면 프로파일; 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 리세스 각각의 바닥에 있는 하부 개구;를 포함하고,상기 적어도 하나의 탑-다운 리세스 각각은, 적어도 부분적으로 대응하는 하부 개구를 덮고 공기의 상대 유전 상수보다 큰 상대 유전 상수를 갖는 유전체 매체로 채워져 있고,각각의 하부 개구에 근접한 상기 하부 표면 프로파일의 일부는 전기 도체를 포함하고, 공기 도파관(AWG)의 상부를 형성하는, 전자기 장치. Claim 2 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein each of the dielectric media is disposed on an adhesive, and the corresponding dielectric media, adhesive, or combination of dielectric media and adhesive is disposed on the corresponding bottom of each of the top-down recesses and on the lower opening of each of the corresponding bottoms. Claim 3 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first part and the second part comprises metallized plastic. Claim 4 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first part and the second part comprises a composite of several parts attached to each other. Claim 5 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least one top-down recess comprises a wall enclosing each of the dielectric media disposed inside each. Claim 6 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein the surfaces of the at least one top-down recess, having corresponding surrounding walls and corresponding bottoms, comprise an electrical conductor. Claim 7 An electromagnetic device according to claim 6, wherein the wrapping wall having an electric conductor in each of the top-down recesses forms an electrically conductive electromagnetic reflector that substantially wraps the dielectric medium disposed within the corresponding top-down recess. Claim 8 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein the second part is attached to the first part at the first bonding surface or the second bonding surface. Claim 9 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein the first part further comprises an interlocking portion on the upper surface of the corresponding sidewalls of the at least one top-down cavity, and the second part further comprises a complementary interlocking element that is coupled to the corresponding interlocking portion of the first part on the lower surface of the second part adjacent to the interlocking portion of the first part. Claim 10 An electromagnetic device according to claim 9, wherein the mutual coupling portion of the first part comprises a coupling recess, and the mutual coupling element of the second part comprises a coupling protrusion configured to be coupled complementarily to the coupling recess of the first part. Claim 11 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises a ridge projection having a height (h1) within each of the at least one top-down cavity, wherein h1 < d1, and the ridge projection comprises electrically conductive surfaces. Claim 12 An electromagnetic device according to claim 11, wherein each ridge protrusion is positioned in a relationship facing one of the corresponding lower openings at the bottom of each of at least one top-down recess of the second part. Claim 13 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein each of the dielectric media is integrally connected to an adjacent dielectric media by a relatively thin connecting structure to form a monolithic dielectric media structure. Claim 14 In claim 1, each of the lower openings at the bottom of the at least one top-down recess forms an electromagnetic signal feed hole, an electromagnetic device. Claim 15 In claim 1, the second part is an electromagnetic device formed entirely of metal. Claim 16 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein the second part is formed of a metal-coated dielectric material. Claim 17 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein the second part is formed from a metal coating molded or 3D printed dielectric material. Claim 18 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein each of at least one top-down recess has tapered sidewalls that tapere inward from top to bottom, and each of the dielectric media has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the tapered sidewall corresponding to one of the at least one top-down recess. Claim 19 An electromagnetic device according to claim 1, wherein each of the dielectric media has a three-dimensional shape in the form of a trapezoidal prism. Claim 20 An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 10 to 19, wherein each of the dielectric media has a relative dielectric constant of 2 or more and 15 or less. Claim 21 An electromagnetic device comprising: a first portion including an electromagnetic signal feed; and a second portion disposed on the first portion, wherein the second portion comprises a shaped metal form having at least one shaped metal cavity, and the second portion further comprises a dielectric medium disposed within each of the at least one shaped metal cavity, wherein the shape of each dielectric medium has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the shape of the at least one shaped metal cavity. Claim 22 An electromagnetic device according to claim 21, wherein the electromagnetic signal feed of the first part comprises an electromagnetic waveguide, each of at least one shaped metal cavity of the second part comprises a lower opening, and the upper surface of the first part further comprises an electrically conductive surface having at least one hole arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the lower openings of the second part. Claim 23 In claim 22, the electromagnetic signal feed of the first part comprises a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), in an electromagnetic device. Claim 24 An electromagnetic device according to claim 21, wherein the second part further comprises an electromagnetic feed structure disposed for signal communication with each of the at least one shaped metal cavity, and the first part comprises an electromagnetic signal feed input disposed for signal communication with the electromagnetic feed structure of the second part. Claim 25 In claim 24, the electromagnetic feed structure of the second part comprises air or a dielectric material other than air, in an electromagnetic device. Claim 26 In claim 24, the electromagnetic signal feed input of the first part comprises an electromagnetic device including a coaxial cable. Claim 27 An electromagnetic device comprising: an electromagnetic signal feed; an air waveguide (AWG) arranged for signal communication with the electromagnetic signal feed; and at least one dielectric load launch arranged for signal communication between the electromagnetic signal feed and the air waveguide. Claim 28 An electromagnetic device according to claim 27, wherein the air waveguide comprises a signal input port arranged for electromagnetic signal feed and signal communication, and the at least one dielectric load launch is arranged at the signal input port. Claim 29 An electromagnetic device according to claim 27 or 28, wherein each of the at least one dielectric load launch comprises a dielectric medium having a relative dielectric constant of 2 or more and 15 or less. Claim 30 An electromagnetic device according to claim 27, wherein the electromagnetic signal feed comprises a plurality of transmitting or receiving channels, and each of the at least one dielectric load launch is positioned for signal communication between the air waveguide and a corresponding one of the plurality of transmitting or receiving channels. Claim 31 In claim 27, the electromagnetic signal feed comprises an RF chip, a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), a microstrip, a strip line, a slotted hole, or a patch, in an electromagnetic device. Claim 32 An electromagnetic device comprising: an electromagnetic signal feed; an air waveguide comprising a plurality of antenna ports, wherein the air waveguide comprises an electromagnetic distribution network disposed for signal communication between the plurality of antenna ports and the electromagnetic signal feed, and the electromagnetic distribution network provides a power distribution signal path between the electromagnetic signal feed and a corresponding port among the plurality of antenna ports; and a plurality of dielectric load media disposed at the plurality of antenna ports and disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of antenna ports. Claim 33 An electromagnetic device comprises: a first part; wherein the first part comprises: an air waveguide having an inner surface that is electrically conductive; a ridge projection extending longitudinally within the air waveguide, wherein the ridge projection has an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide; a plurality of first wall projections extending at least partially across a gap between an upper surface and a lower surface of the air waveguide, wherein the plurality of first wall projections are disposed on one side of the ridge projection and distributed in a direction parallel to the ridge projection, and wherein the plurality of first wall projections have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide; and a plurality of second wall projections extending at least partially across a gap between an upper surface and a lower surface of the air waveguide, wherein the plurality of second wall projections are disposed on the opposite side of the ridge projection and distributed in a direction parallel to the ridge projection, and wherein the plurality of second wall projections have an electrically conductive surface within the air waveguide. An electromagnetic device comprising: a plurality of second wall protrusions having a surface; wherein the upper surface of the air waveguide comprises: a first hole disposed between the plurality of first wall protrusions on a first side of the ridge protrusion and the ridge protrusion, and a second hole disposed between the plurality of second wall protrusions on a second side opposite the ridge protrusion and the ridge protrusion, wherein the second hole is disposed longitudinally with respect to the first hole along the length of the air waveguide so that the first hole and the second hole do not face each other directly from each of the opposite sides of the ridge protrusion. Claim 34 An electromagnetic device according to claim 33, wherein the plurality of first wall protrusions comprises a first row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the lower surface of the air waveguide toward the upper surface of the air waveguide, and a second row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the upper surface of the air waveguide toward the lower surface of the air waveguide; and the plurality of second wall protrusions comprises a third row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the upper surface of the air waveguide toward the lower surface of the air waveguide, and a fourth row of wall protrusions extending only partially from the lower surface of the air waveguide toward the upper surface of the air waveguide. Claim 35 An electromagnetic device according to claim 34, wherein the wall protrusions of the first row are outside the wall protrusions of the second row with respect to the ridge protrusion, and the wall protrusions of the third row are outside the wall protrusions of the fourth row with respect to the ridge protrusion. Claim 36 An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the ridge protrusion comprises a metal-coated dielectric material. Claim 37 An electromagnetic device according to claim 33, further comprising a second part disposed above the first part, wherein the second part comprises a first top-down recess aligned with the axial center of the first hole and a second top-down recess aligned with the axial center of the second hole, and the second part having the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess comprises an electrically conductive surface. Claim 38 In claim 37, the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess having electrically conductive surfaces form an electromagnetic reflector, an electromagnetic device. Claim 39 An electromagnetic device according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the second part has a total height (H2); each of the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess has a corresponding bottom at a depth (d2), d2 < H2; and each corresponding bottom includes a hole that mimics one of the first hole and the second hole of the first part. Claim 40 An electromagnetic device according to claim 37, further comprising a dielectric resonator antenna disposed in a manner covering each of the first top-down recess of the first part and the second top-down recess of the second part, the first hole and the second hole of the first part. Claim 41 An electromagnetic device according to claim 33, wherein the air waveguide further comprises a signal input port, and the first portion further comprises a signal feed arranged to electromagnetically excite the signal input port of the air waveguide. Claim 42 In claim 41, the signal feed comprises a coaxial cable, an electromagnetic device. Claim 43 An electromagnetic device comprises: an air waveguide, wherein the air waveguide is an extended housing having a continuous arrangement of a bottom, a first wall, a ceiling, and a second wall when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide, wherein the bottom, the first wall, the ceiling, and the second wall each comprise an electrically conductive material, and the housing has a distance (H) between the bottom and the ceiling; wherein, when viewed in an axial cross-section of the air waveguide, the ridge is an extended ridge centrally positioned extending from the bottom, wherein the outer surface of the ridge comprises an electrically conductive material, and the ridge has a height (h) such that h < H; a first signal port positioned at a first end of the air waveguide; a second signal port positioned at a second end of the air waveguide and spaced apart from the first end; and a first hole continuously extending from the first signal port through the bottom and the ridge. An electromagnetic device comprising a second hole extending continuously from the second signal port through the bottom and the ridge. Claim 44 An electromagnetic device according to claim 43, further comprising a first electromagnetic signal feed arranged to communicate with the first signal port. Claim 45 An electromagnetic device according to claim 44, wherein the first electromagnetic signal feed comprises a coaxial signal feed extending through the first hole, and the signal line of the coaxial signal feed extends into the air waveguide between the upper part of the ridge and the ceiling of the air waveguide. Claim 46 An electromagnetic device according to claim 44 or 45, further comprising a second electromagnetic signal feed arranged for signal communication with the second signal port. Claim 47 An electromagnetic device according to claim 46, wherein the first electromagnetic signal feed is a transmitting signal feed, and the second electromagnetic signal feed is a receiving signal feed configured to receive an electromagnetic signal from the first electromagnetic signal feed through the air waveguide. Claim 48 In claim 43, the internal volume of the air waveguide is partitioned by the bottom, the first wall, the ceiling, and the second wall of the air waveguide, an electromagnetic device. Claim 49 In claim 43, the air waveguide is a first air waveguide and the ridge is a first ridge, and the electromagnetic device further comprises a second air waveguide having a second ridge forming another ridge and another air waveguide, wherein the second air waveguide and the second ridge are each arranged parallel to the first air waveguide and the first ridge, and a first end of the first air waveguide is coupled to a first end of the second air waveguide through a power divider junction so that the first signal port becomes a common signal port for both the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide, and the second signal port is disposed at a second end of the first air waveguide and further comprises a third signal port disposed at a second end of the second air waveguide, and the second end of the second air waveguide is the second An electromagnetic device spaced apart from the first end of an air waveguide, wherein the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are separated by an electrically conductive wall disposed between them, and the electrically conductive wall extends between the bottom and ceiling of the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide and is electrically connected. Claim 50 In claim 49, the power divider junction is an electromagnetic device that is a 3dB power divider junction. Claim 51 An electromagnetic device according to claim 49, wherein the first signal port communicates with both the second signal port and the third signal port through the power divider junction. Claim 52 An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 49 to 51, wherein the second signal port comprises a first extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the first air waveguide; and the third signal port comprises a second extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the second air waveguide. Claim 53 An electromagnetic device according to claim 52, further comprising: a first dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the first extended slot hole at the second signal port; and a second dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the second extended slot hole at the third signal port. Claim 54 An electromagnetic device according to claim 53, further comprising: a first dielectric beam shaper disposed above a first dielectric resonator antenna; and a second dielectric beam shaper disposed above the second dielectric resonator antenna. Claim 55 An electromagnetic device according to claim 54, wherein the first dielectric beam shaper completely surrounds the first dielectric resonator antenna and the second dielectric beam shaper completely surrounds the second dielectric resonator antenna. Claim 56 An electromagnetic device according to claim 54, wherein the first dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A1) and the first dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B1), and B1 > A1; and the second dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A2) and the second dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B2), and B2 > A2. Claim 57 In Article 56, an electromagnetic device in which B1 is at least twice the size of A1 and B2 is at least twice the size of A2. Claim 58 An electromagnetic device according to claim 54, wherein the second dielectric resonator antenna comprises the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric resonator antenna, and the second dielectric beam shaper comprises the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric beam shaper. Claim 59 In claim 54, the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are combined to provide a first part of the electromagnetic device, and the electromagnetic device further comprises a second part disposed above the first part, wherein the second part comprises a first top-down recess aligned axially with the first extended slot hole of the first part and a second top-down recess aligned axially with the second extended slot hole of the first part, and the second part comprising the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess comprises an electrically conductive surface. Claim 60 In claim 59, the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess, each having an electrically conductive surface, form an electromagnetic reflector, an electromagnetic device. Claim 61 An electromagnetic device according to claim 59, wherein the second part has a total height (H2); each of the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess has a corresponding bottom at a depth (d2), d2 < H2; and each corresponding bottom includes a hole simulating a corresponding hole among the first extended slot hole of the first part and the second extended slot hole of the second part. Claim 62 An electromagnetic device according to claim 59, wherein the first dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the second top-down recess. Claim 63 An electromagnetic device according to claim 59, wherein the first dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the second top-down recess. Claim 64 An electromagnetic device according to claim 49, further comprising a coaxial signal feed disposed at the power divider junction. Claim 65 In claim 43, the air waveguide is a first air waveguide and the ridge is a first ridge, and the electromagnetic device further comprises a second air waveguide having a second ridge forming another ridge and another air waveguide, wherein the second air waveguide and the second ridge are each arranged parallel to the first air waveguide and the first ridge, and the first end of the first air waveguide is coupled to the first end of the second air waveguide through a power divider junction so that the first signal port becomes a common signal port for both the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide, and the second signal port is arranged at an intermediate distance between the first end and the second end of the first air waveguide, and the electromagnetic device further comprises a third signal port arranged at an intermediate distance between the first end and the second end of the first air waveguide. An electromagnetic device, wherein the second end of the second air waveguide is spaced apart from the first end of the second air waveguide, the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are separated by an electrically conductive wall disposed between them, and the electrically conductive wall extends between the bottom and ceiling of the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide and is electrically connected. Claim 66 An electromagnetic device according to claim 65, wherein the second signal port comprises a first extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the first air waveguide; and the third signal port comprises a second extended slot hole having a longitudinal direction extending across the width of the second air waveguide. Claim 67 An electromagnetic device according to claim 66, further comprising: a first dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the first extended slot hole at the second signal port; and a second dielectric resonator antenna disposed on the second extended slot hole at the third signal port. Claim 68 An electromagnetic device according to claim 67, further comprising: a first dielectric beam shaper disposed above a first dielectric resonator antenna; and a second dielectric beam shaper disposed above the second dielectric resonator antenna. Claim 69 An electromagnetic device according to claim 68, wherein the first dielectric beam shaper completely surrounds the first dielectric resonator antenna and the second dielectric beam shaper completely surrounds the second dielectric resonator antenna. Claim 70 An electromagnetic device according to claim 68 or 69, wherein the first dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A1) and the first dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B1), and B1 > A1; and the second dielectric resonator antenna has a total height (A2) and the second dielectric beam shaper has a total height (B2), and B2 > A2. Claim 71 An electromagnetic device in which B1 is at least twice the size of A1 and B2 is at least twice the size of A2, wherein in Article 70, B1 is at least twice the size of A2. Claim 72 An electromagnetic device according to claim 68, wherein the second dielectric resonator antenna comprises the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric resonator antenna, and the second dielectric beam shaper comprises the same shape, size, and configuration as the first dielectric beam shaper. Claim 73 In claim 68, the first air waveguide and the second air waveguide are combined to provide a first part of the electromagnetic device, the electromagnetic device further comprises a second part disposed above the first part, the second part comprising a first top-down recess aligned axially with the first extended slot hole of the first part and a second top-down recess aligned axially with the second extended slot hole of the first part, and the second part comprising the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess comprises an electrically conductive surface. Claim 74 In claim 73, the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess, having electrically conductive surfaces, form an electromagnetic reflector, an electromagnetic device. Claim 75 In claim 73 or 74, the second part has a total height (H2); each of the first top-down recess and the second top-down recess has a corresponding bottom at a depth (d2), d2 <H2 이고; 및각각의 대응하는 바닥은, 상기 제 1 부분의 상기 제 1 연장형 슬롯 구멍과 상기 제 2 부분의 제 2 연장형 슬롯 구멍 중 대응하는 구멍을 모사하는 구멍을 포함하는, 전자기 장치. Claim 76 An electromagnetic device according to claim 73, wherein the first dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric resonator antenna is disposed within the second top-down recess. Claim 77 An electromagnetic device according to claim 73, wherein the first dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the first top-down recess and the second dielectric beam shaper is disposed within the second top-down recess. Claim 78 An electromagnetic device according to claim 65, further comprising a signal feed disposed in the first signal port. Claim 79 An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 1, 21, 27, 32, 33 and 43, wherein the air waveguide is at least partially equipped with a dielectric load material. Claim 80 An electromagnetic device according to claim 79, wherein the average dielectric constant of the dielectric load material is 2 or more and 15 or less. Claim 81 An electromagnetic device comprising: a first part having an electromagnetic waveguide having an internal total height (H), wherein the waveguide includes a centrally disposed ridge having a height (h) extending from an electrically conductive bottom of the waveguide toward an electrically conductive ceiling of the waveguide, and wherein h < H; and a second part disposed in and electrically connected to the first part, wherein the second part includes a recess surrounded by an electrically conductive material electrically connected to the first part, and wherein the recess is configured to accommodate a dielectric resonator antenna; wherein the waveguide includes first electromagnetic paths on each side of the ridge and a second electromagnetic path on the ridge, wherein the first electromagnetic paths are at least partially equipped with a dielectric load material.

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