Monitoring and integrated safety management system combining inorganic high-insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology to replace insulation materials for high-temperature equipment

Abstract

The present invention is a monitoring and integrated safety management system that combines inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology for replacing thermal insulation materials for high-temperature equipment, characterized by comprising: a thermal insulation coating layer applied to the outer wall of a heating pipe or piping; an optical cable line installed by being embedded inside the thermal insulation coating layer; a base station that irradiates an optical signal to the optical cable line and receives scattered light to analyze temperature and vibration; and a digital twin control platform that visualizes and displays the status and location information of the piping in three dimensions based on data received from the base station.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for detecting and managing leaks in industrial heating pipes and piping in real time, and more specifically, to a monitoring and integrated safety management system that combines inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology for replacing thermal insulation materials for high-temperature equipment, characterized by embedding optical cable lines inside a high-temperature thermal insulation coating layer to achieve real-time diagnosis and energy saving, and linking this with a 3D digital twin platform and heterogeneous sensors to prevent serious accidents. Background Technology

[0003] The technology for detecting pipeline damage by wrapping an optical cable line around the outer surface of a conduit is described in Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1185091, the technology for detecting pipe damage and leakage based on the presence or absence of an optical cable short circuit by fixing the optical cable to a coating layer is described in Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0945290, the technology for detecting temperature changes using an optical cable is described in Korean Patent Registration No. 10-158634 and Korean Published Patent No. 10-2010-0042773, and the technology for detecting leakage using an optical cable is known as Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1845242, but,

[0004] There is no known combined technology for detecting temperature changes by burying an optical cable line for optical sensing near the surface of a high-temperature insulating coating layer that is multilayer coated to lower the surface of a heating tube from, for example, around 200°C to around 60°C, and installing FBG landmarks at each heating tube location of a certain length on the optical cable line.

[0005] Piping in existing industrial sites is typically covered with thick insulation (such as insulation pipes), making it impossible to detect leaks immediately by visual inspection or external sensors until they seep out of the insulation, even if they occur internally. This poses a high risk of major accidents, such as severe fires, explosions, and toxic gas leaks, and it is also difficult to pinpoint the exact location of the leak. In particular, while real-time disaster safety monitoring at workplaces is now mandatory following the implementation of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act, existing reactive response methods face limitations in meeting legal and social safety standards. The problem to be solved

[0007] The objective of the present invention is to provide a disaster management specialized digital twin platform and a composite optical sensing system for preventing and managing large-scale social disasters in real time, such as explosions, fluid leaks, ground subsidence, and structural collapse due to aging of large-scale high-temperature heating pipes (heat transport pipes, gas main pipelines, etc.) with a total length of, for example, 50 km.

[0008] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a monitoring and integrated safety management system that combines inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology with optical sensing technology to replace thermal insulation for high-temperature equipment, thereby overcoming the disadvantages of existing thermal insulation materials and immediately detecting pipe leaks and temperature abnormalities by integrally burying optical cable lines when applying the thermal insulation coating material.

[0009] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a monitoring and integrated safety management system that combines inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology to replace thermal insulation for high-temperature equipment, by mapping collected data to a 3D digital twin platform based on absolute coordinates and integrating it with gas and fire detection sensors to prevent disasters in advance. means of solving the problem

[0011] The present invention for solving this problem comprises a thermal insulation coating and an embedded sensing part: a 'lower ceramic binder insulation layer (7th to 9th application area)' applied to the metal outer wall surface of a heating tube at 200℃, a 'single-mode optical cable line' wound in close contact thereon, and an 'upper ceramic binder finishing layer (10th completion area)' covering the optical cable, thereby having a high-temperature thermal insulation coating structure and an embedded optical cable line structure that reduce the operating temperature to 60℃ or lower.

[0012] In addition, it is configured to include a main server fixed station providing a complex diagnostic base station, a spatial scanning and coordinate verification unit, and a digital twin control platform; and is configured to further include an integrated safety linkage module if necessary.

[0013] A combined diagnostic base station is a measuring device that incidents a laser on an optical cable and receives backscattered light, and separates and analyzes Rayleigh vibration wavelengths (leakage noise / vibration detection) and Anti-Stokes and Stokes temperature wavelengths (leakage-induced temperature change detection) through a 3-channel WDM filter.

[0014] The spatial scanning and coordinate verification unit is a device that scans the three-dimensional space of a pipe and performs non-linear matrix mapping using an RTK-GPS receiver and a 3D LiDAR scanner mounted on a drone mobile station.

[0015] The digital+twin control platform corrects errors by matching optical fiber time-axis (OTDR) sensing signals with FBG landmarks at 500m intervals, then synthesizes geometric inversion and drone point cloud data to derive final centimeter-level 3D absolute spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z), reflects them in real-time on the HMI map, and provides them from the main server.

[0016] The integrated safety linkage module (additional feature) is a module that generates complex disaster alerts by linking data from external gas detectors and fire detectors around the pipe on the digital twin platform. Effects of the invention

[0018] The digital twin-based composite optical sensing and 3D spatial recognition system according to the present invention exhibits the following very useful effects.

[0019] Real-time leak detection: Leaks hidden by insulation can be detected immediately (by vibration / temperature changes) through embedded optical sensors.

[0020] Energy Saving: Minimizes heat loss and maximizes energy efficiency through the application of a high-insulation water-based ceramic coating.

[0021] Precise location tracking: Rapid maintenance is possible by accurately identifying the location of leaks down to the centimeter through drone 3D spatial mapping and optical cable landmark correction.

[0022] Perfect compliance with the Serious Accidents Punishment Act: Through digital twin integration with fire / gas detection sensors, intuitive 3D monitoring is possible from the central control room, enabling preemptive measures before an accident occurs and fully satisfying legal safety obligations. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0024] FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the heating tube and a coating flow diagram of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the base station optical system and signal processing of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the heating tube position correction of the main server fixed station of the present invention, FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram showing the close winding of a single-mode optical cable line of the present invention. Figure 6 is a photograph showing the piping of a facility where the present invention is installed. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0025] The present invention is configured to perform the following functions.

[0026] ① In order to secure the golden time and pinpoint the location with centimeter-level precision in the event of a large-scale pipeline disaster, conventional fiber optic sensing (DTS / DAS) methods can only measure the 'physical optical distance' from the entry point of the optical cable and are not linked to the actual geographical coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the pipelines that are complexly buried in an up-and-down zigzag structure in urban areas or underground. As a result, even if signs of fluid leakage or gas explosion are detected, there was a challenge of missing the golden time for initial disaster response because the exact location on the surface could not be found. The present invention aims to immediately spot the location of a disaster by installing FBG landmarks with unique wavelengths every 500m and linking them with 3D LiDAR / RTK-GPS scanning by a drone, thereby innovating the 3D spatial coordinate precision of the entire route to the centimeter level.

[0027] ② In order to ensure the durability of optical cables and the sensitivity of disaster signs in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, there was a contradiction where if the optical cable line is directly exposed to the surface of a heating tube reaching 200°C, it leads to system paralysis (sensor disconnection) due to deterioration, resulting in a gap in disaster management; conversely, if it is separated by general insulation material, micro-vibrations or the conduction of leaked thermal energy are blocked, causing a sharp decrease in the sensitivity of initial disaster signs. The present invention aims to effectively detect initial micro-disaster signs (micro-leaks, etc.) by maximizing the physical survivability of the sensor itself and simultaneously realizing a high-sensitivity medium transmission environment without an air layer, by integrating the optical cable in the middle of a specialized insulation coating layer (e.g., the surface of the 7th to 9th coating layer) that lowers the external temperature to 60°C or lower by coating a high-temperature insulation coating layer formed by layering a water-based ceramic binder 10 times while the surface of the heating tube is at 200°C, and by burying it through a finishing coating (coating to form the 10th finishing coating).

[0028] ③ To intensively monitor thermal stress concentration and structural vulnerabilities at joint areas, the connection or weld joints of heating tubes are disaster-vulnerable sections with the highest risk of structural deformation and leakage due to internal fluid pressure and thermal expansion; however, the existing linear optical cable layout method had limitations in spatial resolution, as it only monitored specific localized areas. This invention aims to physically improve the spatial resolution of disaster-vulnerable points and intensively monitor tensile and deformation stresses by forming a dense winding with a dense spiral winding pitch in the joint sections of the optical cable.

[0029] ④ In order to eliminate interference in disaster monitoring signals and ensure the reliability of ultra-long-distance sensing, if multimode optical fibers (OM4 / OM5) are used in long-distance national infrastructure lines reaching, for example, 50 km, sensing is impossible due to mode dispersion and signal attenuation. The present invention aims to minimize the disaster false alarm rate of the system by constructing a 3-channel optical system base station that separately receives temperature (Raman) and vibration / phase (Rayleigh) data on a single-mode (SMF) conduit cable line, and by solving the problem of false alarms caused by the spatial coordinate landmark FBG reflection wavelength overlapping with the disaster sensing wavelength band through a specific guard band allocation technology.

[0030] ⑤ For intelligent complex disaster determination algorithms and drone autonomous dispatch integration (Digital Twin), it was difficult to distinguish between environmental noise (such as surrounding vehicle traffic) and disaster situations caused by actual heating pipe rupture using only a single sensor signal (simple temperature rise or simple vibration), which raised concerns about malfunction and required a significant amount of time for field verification. The present invention provides a complete disaster response digital twin control platform that operates an algorithm to filter environmental noise and confirm an actual disaster (leak) by mutually calculating temperature and vibration fluctuation data on a main server, and immediately upon confirmation of the disaster, automatically pops up and dispatches a drone mobile station to centimeter-level derived coordinates to transmit on-site thermal imaging scans and real-time video to the control center.

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0032] The present invention comprises a high-temperature thermal insulation coating layer (20) that reduces the external surface temperature to approximately 60°C by applying a high-temperature thermal insulation coating material, which is a water-based ceramic binder of the present invention, multiple times to the outer wall surface of a heating pipe (10) having a zigzag vertical continuous arrangement structure of several tens of km, instead of a conventional high-temperature thermal insulation material, and forming a thick film by applying the coating material multiple times, which is a high-temperature thermal insulation coating material, in which case the surface of the heating pipe (10) is, for example, around 200°C (200~260°C), to a thickness of approximately 1 cm through continuous repeated coating about 10 times;

[0033] A single-mode tube cable line (100) is wound helically on the surface of a lower insulation layer (21) coated with the above high-temperature insulation coating material up to the 7th to 9th time, and then a single-mode (SMF) optical cable line (100) is embedded inside the upper finishing layer (22) and integrated during the final coating process;

[0034] A plurality of FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) landmarks (130) are each provided at positions corresponding to points spaced at a certain distance (500m) apart from the heating tube (10) inside the single-mode optical cable line (100), each having a different unique reflection wavelength band and serving as an absolute reference point for three-dimensional spatial coordinates;

[0035] Connected to the starting point of the single-mode optical cable line (100) above, it includes a laser diode (210) that irradiates a high-power laser as shown in FIG. 3, an optical coupler or optical circulator (220) that separates transmitted and received light, a 3-channel WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) filter (230) that separates the returning backscattered light into Rayleigh scattered light, Stokes Raman scattered light, and Anti-Stokes Raman scattered light, first to third photodiodes (241, 242, 243) which are three indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiodes that independently receive the three separated wavelengths, an amplifier (250), an analog-to-digital converter (260) which is a high-speed ADC, a control MCU (270) which is an MCU, and a wired / wireless modem (280) for wired / wireless communication, and without error A base station (200) having a plurality of base stations (ST1, ST2, ST3) shown in FIG. 1, each configured to sense the temperature and vibration of sections divided into recognizable distance units (17 km);

[0036] A drone mobile station (300) equipped with a LiDAR scanner (320) and a GPS receiver (310) which is a precision GPS (RTK-GPS) as shown in FIG. 1, autonomously flies over the heating tube (10), scans and transmits the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the external shape of the heating tube (10); and

[0037] It includes a main server fixed station (400) that mutually fuses (Data Fusion) real-time temperature and vibration data collected from the plurality of base stations (200a, 200b, 200c) and 3D scan data collected from the drone mobile station (300), and precisely corrects the horizontal and vertical 3D virtual space coordinates of the heating tube (10) with a centimeter-level error based on the intrinsic reflection wavelength position of the FBG landmark (130) for real-time matching;

[0038] The above main server fixed station (400) implements a digital twin control platform (410) that visualizes in real-time whether there is internal fluid leakage and the location of the heating pipe (10) based on the fused and corrected data, thereby configuring a digital twin-based composite optical sensing and 3D spatial recognition system that performs disaster management.

[0039] The above single-mode optical cable line (100) (hereinafter referred to as the optical cable line) is configured such that the winding pitch in the joint section, which includes the welded or connected portion of the heating tube (10), is narrower than the standard winding pitch (110) in the general straight section, thereby forming a dense winding (120) to locally increase the spatial resolution for temperature and vibration measurement in the corresponding joint section.

[0040] The intrinsic reflection wavelength of the above FBG landmark (130) is preferably designated as a separate guard band wavelength range that does not overlap with the Raman Stokes wavelength band and the Anti-Stokes wavelength band so as not to cause interference with the temperature and vibration sensing of the base station receiver.

[0041] The above main server fixed station (400) determines that a heating tube (10) leak disaster event occurs when a combination of anti-Stokes light intensity change (temperature rise) and Rayleigh light phase change (vibration generation) exceeding a set threshold is detected between specific FBG landmark (130) sections through the base station (200), and transmits the corresponding precise corrected cm coordinates in real time to the drone mobile station (300) to control the drone mobile station (300) to automatically dispatch to the area of ​​the suspected disaster coordinates and perform precise thermal imaging scanning.

[0043] In accordance with the specific scope for implementing the invention of the present invention, the connection relationships between hardware elements and the upstream transmission system of disaster data will be explained in detail based on the system block diagram of FIG. 1.

[0044] 1. Physical base structure of the heating tube (10) and the integrated thermal insulation coating layer (20).

[0045] Description: The lowest physical layer of the present invention is a heating pipe (10) with a total length of, for example, 50 km, and is buried in an up-down and horizontal zigzag structure. A high-temperature insulating coating layer (20) of a water-based ceramic binder component according to the technology of Patent Registration No. 2745096 is applied multiple times to the metal outer wall surface of the heating pipe (10), which rapidly reduces the high temperature of, for example, 200°C on the pipe surface to 60°C or lower relative to the outer surface, thereby serving as a medium to provide a survival environment for the sensor.

[0046] The high-temperature insulating coating layer of the water-based ceramic binder component of the present invention is,

[0047] In stirrer 1,

[0048] 1) 700 to 800 parts by weight of methyltrimethoxysilane,

[0049] 2) 95 to 105 parts by weight of tetraethoxysilane,

[0050] 3) 350 to 450 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol,

[0051] A process of obtaining a stirred product A, which is an alkoxysilane mixture, by stirring;

[0052] In stirrer 2,

[0053] 4) 9 to 12 parts by weight of acetic acid, and

[0054] 5) A process of obtaining stirred product B, which is a diluted acetic acid solution, by stirring 80 to 90 parts by weight of distilled water;

[0055] The process of obtaining a transparent mixture C by mixing mixture B with mixture A.

[0056] 6) 200 to 250 parts by weight of colloidal silica are dropped and stirred into stirred material C in stirrer 1 to produce hydrolyzed stirred material D;

[0057] The hydrolysis process of stirred material D includes a repetitive process in which 6) colloidal silica is hydrolyzed into transparent stirred material C with each intermittent drop, repeating from opaque to transparent;

[0058] Then, 20 to 30 parts by weight of glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane 7) as a binder in stirred mixture D,

[0059] 3) A process for manufacturing a ceramic non-combustible binder, wherein 350 to 450 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol are further added to delay drying to obtain a stirred material E which is a ceramic non-combustible binder; and

[0060] A sequential inorganic powder mixing process is performed to manufacture Mixed Material F, a high-temperature thermal insulation coating agent providing storage stability, non-flammability, and high-temperature thermal insulation adhesion, by adding and stirring 66~70 wt% of Mixed Material E, a ceramic non-combustible binder; 8) titanium oxide, a non-combustible agent; 3~5 wt% of calcium carbonate, a filler; 10) silica aerogel, an insulating material 1; 11) glass bubble, an insulating material 2; 2~4 wt% of Insula, an insulating material 3; 12) Insula, an insulating material 3; 2~4 wt% of zinc phosphate, a rust inhibitor; 14) wollastonite, a crack-preventing agent 1; 15) ceramic fiber, a crack-preventing agent 2; and 0.3~0.5 wt% of dispersant 16) dispersant (BYK190). A high-temperature thermal insulation coating agent was manufactured using a ceramic non-combustible binder. Of course, it can be understood that the heating pipe (10) is coated while the production facility is in operation in a heated state on the exposed heating pipe (10) with the existing high-temperature equipment insulation material separated.

[0061] The high-temperature thermal insulation coating agent meets the quality control standards shown in Table 1 below.

[0062]

[0065] In addition, it was confirmed that it possesses non-combustible properties as shown in Table 2.

[0066]

[0067] 2. A single-mode optical cable line (100) integrated and embedded within the coating layer.

[0068] Description: On the 7th to 9th coating surface of the above-mentioned insulating coating layer (20), a single-mode (SMF) optical cable line (100) is wound helically along the direction of pipe travel, and then completely integrated and embedded inside the insulating layer without an air layer by the final 10th finishing coating.

[0069] Standard pitch standard winding (110): In general straight pipe sections, the optical cable line (100) is wound at a constant pitch interval to measure the physical distance uniformly.

[0070] Close-pitch winding (120): In joint sections such as pipe welds, which are vulnerable to thermal stress deformation and fluid leakage, the winding density (Pitch) is locally increased to physically improve spatial resolution.

[0071] FBG Landmark (130): In the optical cable line (100), FBG Landmarks (130) of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) having different unique reflection wavelength bands are inserted in the form of landmarks at every 500m corresponding position of the heating tube (100), and serve as internal reference points for three-dimensional absolute coordinate recognition.

[0072] 3. Base stations (200a, 200b, 200c) divided and deployed in 17km intervals

[0073] Description: In order to efficiently measure a long-distance line with a length of 50 km and prevent attenuation of optical signals, multiple independent base stations (200a: ST1, 200b: ST2, 200c: ST3) are divided and deployed at every 17 km point of the line. Each base station transmits a laser pulse to the optical cable line (100) in the sub-section it is responsible for, and continuously measures the reflected signal of the FBG landmark (130) and the backscattered light generated throughout the conduit to obtain raw data of primary temperature and vibration.

[0074] 4. A drone mobile station (300) that performs the role of a dynamic aerial scanner.

[0075] Description: The drone mobile station (300) autonomously flies over the heating pipe (10) and dynamically acquires the external terrain and the precise shape of the pipe. The RTK-GPS receiver (310) mounted on the drone receives a ground correction signal and corrects the drone's absolute position in real time within a few centimeters (cm) of error, and generates actual horizontal and vertical three-dimensional shape point cloud data of the zigzag arrangement of the heating pipe (10) route through a LiDAR scanner (320) synchronized with it and wirelessly transmits it to the main server fixed station (400).

[0076] 5. Main server station (400) for implementing data fusion and digital twin.

[0077] Description: The main server station (400), which is the top control tower of the system, is a data fusion processor that organically combines real-time fluid leakage / vibration signals (internal data) transmitted from multiple base stations (200a to 200c) and RTK-based 3D spatial scan shape data (external data) collected from the drone mobile station (300).

[0078] The main server synchronizes the two data using the unique wavelength information of the FBG landmark (130) within the optical cable as a physical anchor point, and performs advanced integrated disaster management and automatic drone dispatch control by visualizing and displaying the final converted $\text{cm}$ level precision spatial coordinates in real time on the 3D virtual screen of the digital twin control platform (410).

[0080] Based on Fig. 3, which is a core optical system that ensures the hardware precision and reliability of multiple sensing (temperature and vibration) of the present invention, a step-by-step detailed explanation of the base station internal optical system and signal processing block diagram is provided in accordance with the specific configuration for implementing the invention, and the process of light being incident, spectrally separated, and converted into digital data is clearly explained.

[0081] 1. Process of light source incident through a laser diode (210) and an optical circulator (220).

[0082] Description: A high-power laser diode (210) is driven by a trigger signal from a control MCU (270) inside a base station (200) to generate an ultrafine optical pulse having a specific center wavelength (e.g., 1550 nm). The generated optical pulse is fed into port 1 of an optical circulator (220) that physically separates the transmitted light and the received light, and is incident on an external single-mode optical cable line (100) through port 2.

[0083] 2. Backscattering light reception process within a single-mode optical cable line (100).

[0084] Description: An optical pulse traveling along an optical cable line (100) undergoes a fine molecular medium deformation depending on the physical state (temperature and vibration) of a heating tube (10), generating Rayleigh scattered light and Raman scattered light. These returning fine backscattered lights are re-introduced in the reverse direction to port 2 of an optical circulator (220), and then transmitted to a 3-channel WDM filter (230) area through port 3 without mutual interference.

[0085] 3. Wavelength-specific optical separation process through a 3-channel WDM filter (230).

[0086] Description: A 3-channel WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) filter (230) is an optical filter bank that demultiplexes the mixed incoming backscattered light into exactly 3 channels according to physical wavelength bands.

[0087] Channel 1 (Rayleigh vibration wavelength separation): To measure micro-vibrations and acoustic energy of the pipe, a Rayleigh scattered light component of the same frequency as the injection wavelength is separated and sent to the first photodiode (D1;241).

[0088] Channel 2 (Raman Stokes wavelength separation): Separates the Raman Stokes scattered light component, which serves as a reference point for temperature measurement, and sends it to the second photodiode (D2;242).

[0089] Channel 3 (Raman Anti-Stokes wavelength separation): Separates the Raman Anti-Stokes scattered light component that is most sensitive to external temperature changes and sends it to the third photodiode (D3;243).

[0090] (Note: Since the reflected wavelength of the FBG landmark is located in the guard band that does not overlap with these three channels, it is filtered in this sensing filter process without causing noise.)

[0091] 4. Photoelectric conversion process of independent photodiodes (241–243) and amplifier (250).

[0092] Description: The three separated fine light signals each reach the first to third photodiodes (241, 242, 243), which are high-sensitivity indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiodes, and are converted (photoelectric conversion) into fine current signals proportional to the intensity of the light. Since this current signal is very weak, it is converted into a voltage signal and simultaneously amplified into a stable analog voltage waveform through a 3-channel TIA (Trans-Impedance Amplifier, low-noise current-voltage conversion amplifier) ​​amplifier (250), which dramatically increases sensitivity.

[0093] 5. Digital signal processing process of a high-speed multi-ADC analog-to-digital converter (260) and a control MCU (270).

[0094] Description: The amplified 3-channel analog voltage signal is converted into precise digital raw data through a high-speed sampling process of tens to hundreds of MHz via a high-speed multi-ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) (260). The control MCU (270) receives these digital data and processes and aligns the following: 1) temperature data for each section through the calculation of the anti-Stokes / Stokes light intensity ratio, and 2) vibration frequency (Hz) data for each section through the calculation of the phase change rate of Rayleigh light.

[0095] 6. Final transmission step to the main server via the wired / wireless modem (280)

[0096] Description: Temperature and vibration fusion data, which is processed primarily based on the distance axis (OTDR / OFDR timestamp) by the control MCU (270), is transmitted in real-time via a wired / wireless modem (280) and through a TCP / IP or optical backbone network to the main server station (400). The main server receives this data and runs the cm-level spatial correction algorithm of [Fig. 4].

[0098] Referring to FIG. 4, which contains the core control logic and position correction algorithm of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a step-by-step detailed explanation diagram of the three-dimensional spatial position correction of the heating tube in cm class of the main server fixed station (400).

[0099] Step 1: Step of collecting time axis (OTDR) sensing signals from base station (200).

[0100] Description: This step is the first step in which the system operates when an abnormal sign occurs in the heating tube (10). Multiple base stations (200a, 200b, 200c) inject a laser pulse into the optical cable line (100) of the 17km section they are responsible for, and then constantly measure the returning backscattered light. At this time, if a leak or impact occurs in the heating tube, the intensity or phase of a specific wavelength signal changes, and the analog-to-digital converter (260) and control MCU (270) within the base station (200) calculate the approximate 'optical distance' of the suspected leak point based on the time-of-flight of the light and transmit it first to the main server fixed station (400) via the wired / wireless modem (280).

[0101] Step 2: FBG landmark (130) matching step after analyzing the unique wavelength within the received light.

[0102] Explanation: Errors accumulate in the optical distance of an optical fiber as the line lengthens or changes slightly due to the surrounding environment (temperature, stress). To reset these errors, the main server fixed station (400) utilizes FBG landmarks (130) buried at 500m intervals within the inner diameter of the optical cable. By analyzing the intrinsic reflection wavelength (λn) of the FBGs located closest to the signal collected in Step 1, the current abnormal signal is identified as "between which FBG landmark and which FBG landmark (i.e., within a specific 500m fixed section)." Through this, optical length errors that could accumulate over the entire 50km of a facility, such as the one in Fig. 6, are completely isolated and erased in 500m intervals.

[0103] Step 3: Geometric inversion step for applying the winding ratio of the joint dense winding (120).

[0104] Explanation: Even if a specific FBG section is found through Step 2, the optical cable line (100) is wound helically on the outer wall of the heating tube (10), so the 'length of the optical cable line' and the 'actual straight length of the pipe' do not match. In particular, the dense winding (120) of the welded joint is wound with a narrow pitch, so the length distortion becomes more severe. The main server station (400) applies a combination of the standard winding (110) with a normal pitch and the design of the number of turns of the dense winding (120) within the corresponding FBG section to mathematically convert the relative distance based on the optical fiber into a "physical straight distance based on the center axis of the actual heating tube (e.g., a point exactly several meters in the direction of the pipe from the corresponding FBG point)" (Geometric Inverse Calculation).

[0105] Step 4: Step of synthesizing point cloud data from the GPS receiver (310) and LiDAR scanner (320) of the drone (300).

[0106] Explanation: Although the physical travel distance of the pipe was determined through Step 3, if the pipe is complexly bent in an up-and-down zigzag or horizontal curved shape within the ground, the exact absolute coordinates on the ground cannot still be determined. To solve this, the main server (400) retrieves and fuses in real time the 3D point cloud non-linear spatial matrix data of the terrain around the heating pipe (10) and the pipe shape, which has been pre-scanned and built using an RTK-GPS receiver (310) equipped with a drone mobile station (300) and a 3D LiDAR scanner (320).

[0107] Step 5: Step to derive the final cm-level 3D absolute space coordinates (X,Y,Z).

[0108] Description: This is an alignment step in which the 'precision straight line position based on the central axis of the pipe' derived in Step 3 is mapped onto the 'drone-based 3D spatial pipe curve track mesh' brought in in Step 4. Since the GPS coordinates of the FBG landmark (130), which is already fixed on Earth with an error of a few millimeters, are used as reference points at both ends to track the 3D curve between them, the latitude (X), longitude (Y), and altitude (Z), which are the actual absolute spatial coordinates on Earth of the final disaster (leakage / vibration) occurrence point, are completely determined within a centimeter-level error range.

[0109] Step 6: Real-time reflection step on the HMI map of the digital twin platform (410).

[0110] Description: This is the final output stage of the operation flow. The digital twin control platform (410) within the main server fixed station (400) visualizes the location of the disaster in real time as a red spot or heatmap on a 3D HMI (Human-Machine Interface) three-dimensional map or GIS spatial information system based on the cm-level precise X, Y, Z coordinates derived in Step 5. At the same time, as described in Claim 4, the corresponding correction coordinates are immediately transmitted back to the drone mobile station (300) to generate a trigger signal that induces automatic initial flight patrol. Explanation of the symbols

[0111] 10; Heating tube 20; High-temperature insulating coating layer 21; Lower insulation layer 22; Upper finishing layer 100; Single-mode optical cable line 110; Standard winding 120; Close-packed winding 130; FBG landmark 200, 200a, 200b, 200c; Base station 210; Laser diode 220; Optical circulator 230; 3-channel WDM filter 241; First photodiode (PD1) 242; Second photodiode (PD2) 243; Third photodiode (PD3) 250; Amplifier 260; Analog-to-Digital converter 270; Control MCU 280; Wired / wireless modem 300; Drone mobile station 310; GPS receiver 320;LiDAR Scanner 400;Main Server Fixed Station 410;Digital Twin Control Platform

Claims

Claim 1 A high-temperature thermal insulation coating layer (20) applied to the outer wall of a heating pipe (10) or a pipe; a single-mode optical cable line (100) embedded and installed inside the high-temperature thermal insulation coating layer (20); a base station (200) that irradiates an optical signal at one end of the single-mode optical cable line (100) and receives scattered light to analyze temperature and vibration; and a digital twin control platform (410) that receives the status and location information of the pipe from a main server fixed station (400) based on data received from the base station (200) and visualizes and displays it in three dimensions; wherein the high-temperature thermal insulation coating layer (20) is composed of a high-temperature thermal insulation coating material which is a water-based ceramic binder, and a lower thermal insulation layer (21) of the ceramic binder applied several times to the surface of the heating pipe (10); A monitoring and integrated safety management system incorporating inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology for replacing thermal insulation materials for high-temperature equipment, characterized by comprising: an upper finishing layer (22) of a ceramic binder that is additionally applied to the upper portion of the single-mode optical cable line (100), which is a layer that is tightly wound on the lower insulation layer (21), to protect the single-mode optical cable line (100) from the external environment and reduce the surface temperature to 60°C or lower. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 In claim 1, the system further includes a drone mobile station (300) equipped with a GPS receiver (310) and a LiDAR scanner (320), and the digital twin control platform (410) is characterized by matching a time axis (OTDR) sensing signal received from a base station (200) with FBG landmarks (130) set at regular intervals on an optical cable line (100) to specify a fixed section, and then synthesizing the 3D point cloud data scanned by the drone mobile station (300) to calculate the cm-level 3D absolute spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the leak occurrence point. This is a monitoring and integrated safety management system that combines inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology to replace thermal insulation materials for high-temperature equipment. Claim 5 A monitoring and integrated safety management system incorporating inorganic high-temperature thermal insulation coating technology and optical sensing technology for replacing high-temperature equipment insulation, characterized in that, in the first paragraph, the digital twin control platform (410) is connected via a communication network with gas detection sensors and fire detection sensors placed in the space where the pipe is installed, and calculates the risk of serious accidents by cross-verifying the signs of leaks inside the pipe through optical sensing and the detection data of external sensors, and displays the danger zone in real time on an HMI map.

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