Method for obtaining a thick alcoholic extract of the aerial part of Linaria vulgaris Mill.

Abstract

The utility model relates to the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, in particular to the technology of obtaining a thick alcoholic extract from the above-ground part of Linaria vulgaris Mill. (common toadflax), intended for the extraction of a complex of biologically active substances and its subsequent use in pharmaceutical, phytochemical and pharmacological research. The technical result of the utility model consists in increasing the efficiency and completeness of the extraction of biologically active substances and achieving a yield of thick extract of 9.19 ± 0.16%. The specified result is achieved due to a combination of the following features: the use of 96% ethanol as an extractant, preliminary swelling of the crushed plant material and the use of multiple (fourfold) maceration with heating in a water bath. The method is carried out as follows. The above-ground part of Linaria vulgaris Mill. is crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2.5 mm.The crushed raw material is pre-swelled in 96% ethanol for 4 hours. This is followed by four successive macerations in a water bath at a raw material:extractant ratio of 1:10 (w / v, g / ml) and a 3-hour cycle with a fresh extractant change. The resulting extracts are combined, filtered, and concentrated in a rotary vacuum evaporator at 50-60°C until the solvent is completely removed, yielding a thick extract. The technological parameters of the raw material (porosity, free volume, and extractant absorption coefficients) confirm its suitability for the effective extraction of biologically active substances. 96% ethanol has been established as the most effective extraction system.Phytochemical analysis of the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS / MS) revealed the presence of a wide range of compounds, including flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, rutin, naringenin), phenolic acids, glycosides, and phytosterols (β-sitosterol), confirming the rich chemical composition of the obtained extract. Comparative analysis of various extraction methods (maceration, ultrasonic extraction, percolation, Soxhlet extraction) and solvents (70% and 96% ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform) using principal component analysis (PCA) showed that extraction with 96% ethanol ensures the most complete recovery of the target compounds and the formation of a stable chemical profile of the extract. The developed technology includes the following stages: raw material preparation, preliminary swelling, multiple maceration, filtration, combining extracts and concentration.Thus, the proposed technology allows for the production of a concentrated, thick extract of Linaria vulgaris Mill. with a high content of biologically active substances and can be used in further pharmacognostic and pharmacological studies.

Images